山东建筑大学2017年《211翻译硕士英语》考研专业课真题试卷
青岛大学211翻译硕士英语2016-2017年考研专业课真题试卷
青岛大学2017年翻译专业硕士研究生入学试题科目代码：211科目名称：翻译硕士英语（共9页）请写明题号，将答案全部写在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效㌱‷൬I GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY(20Points)There are twenty sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one word or phrase that best completes each sentence.1.൬he issue of e-commerce did not any detailed discussions at theconference.㌱.take delight in B.give rise toC.give way toD.take advantage of2.Bing aware of the potential objections,they launched a reform at thebeginning stage.㌱.humble B.modest C.timid D.middle3.Fingerprints form an unchangeable despite changes in the individual’sappearance or age.㌱.mark B.sign C.remark D.signature4.It is illegal in some countries that children unattended at home.㌱.be left B.left C.are leaving D.being left5.㌱new material,we have good reason to be optimistic.㌱.developed B.being developedC.was being developedD.was developed6.I think much attention your pronunciation.㌱.must be paid to B.ought to be paid toC.must pay toD.should be paid to7.Hurry up,or the tickets out by the time we get there.㌱.will have sold B.will sellC.have soldD.will have been sold18.Nothing helps success more than what you are doing.㌱.know B.to know C.be known to D.knowing9.Because of my‷ussian,I cannot make myself.㌱.broken;understood B.broken;understandC.break;understoodD.breaking;understanding10.It is better to die on one’s feet than.㌱.live on one’s knees B.living one’s kneesC.on one’s kneesD.to live on one’s knees11.In the Christian religion,the lucky number13back to the LastSupper.㌱.tracks B.traces C.dates D.tails12.When we are reading,the important thing is to the essentialmeaning,not to learn every single word.㌱.clasp B.grab C.grasp D.grapple13.He applied for a(n)position in a company.㌱.empty B.vacant C.vacuum D.margin14.൬he Channel൬unnel is one of the biggest engineering projects ever.㌱.understated B.undertaken C.undergone D.underneath15.Water enters into a great variety of chemical reactions,have beenmentioned in previous pages.㌱.a few of it B.a few of that C.a few of them D.a few of which 16.൬hey will have you if you don’t pay your taxes.㌱.to be arrested B.arrest C.arrested D.being arrested17.Small boys are questioners.൬hey ask questions all the time.㌱.original B.imaginative C.peculiar D.persistent18.Some people avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutralabout them.㌱.violently B.enthusiastically C.sincerely D.deliberately19.Despite their good service,most inns are less costly than hotels ofstandards.㌱.equivalent B.alike C.uniform D.likely2。
2017考研英语一翻译真题解析.doc
2017考研英语一翻译真题解析.doc Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional languagecapabilities.David Graddol concludes that moonlit English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that, (48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish , Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related exploresearn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage. The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.【答案】(46)翻译：但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。
2017年考研英语真题及答案完整解析
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I U se of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.1 homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can’t possibly 2. To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.5 everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. Estimates6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 8. One of the federal government’s studies 9 thatthe number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 thestreet. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have seriousmental disorders. Many others, 14 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed to turn their lives16. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation willimprove only when there are 17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 18 Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 19 it, “There has to be 20 of programs. What’s needed is a package deal.”1. [A] Indeed[B] Likewise[C] Therefore[D] Furthermore2. [A] stand[B] cope[C] approve[D] retain3. [A] in[B] for[C] with[D] toward4. [A] raise[B] add[C] take[D] keep5. [A] generally[B] almost[C] hardly[D] not6. [A] cover[B] change[C] range[D] differ7. [A] Now that[B] Although[C] Provided[D] Except that8. [A] inflating[B] expanding[C] increasing[D] extending9. [A] predicts[B] displays[C] proves[D] discovers10. [A] assist[B] track[C] sustain[D] dismiss11. [A] Hence[B] But[C] Even[D] Only12. [A] lodging[B] shelter[C] dwelling[D] house13. [A] searching[B] strolling[C] crowding[D] wandering14. [A] when[B] once[C] while[D] whereas15. [A] life[B] existence[C] survival[D] maintenance16. [A] around[B] over[C] on[D] up17. [A] complex[B] comprehensive[C] complementary[D] compensating18. [A] So[B] Since[C] As[D] Thus19. [A] puts[B] interprets[C] assumes[D] makes20. [A] supervision[B] manipulation[C] regulation[D] coordinationSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation -- language, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.”Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.”By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means________.[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century________.[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture[B] became intimate shops for common consumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.[A] are resistant to homogenization[B] exert a great influence on American culture[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture[D] constitute the majority of the population24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned inParagraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into Americansociety is ________.[A] rewarding[B] successful[C] fruitless[D] harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________.[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3, Paragraph4), the author implies that ________.[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because________.[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30. From the text we can conclude that the author ________.[A] is supportive of both sides[B] favors the townsfolk’s view[C] takes a detached attitude[D] is sympathetic to the RSCText 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomassof large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline.” The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that________.[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that ________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reducedby 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the originalamount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheriesthan in the old33. By saying "these figures are conservative" (Line 1, paragraph 3),Dr. Worm means that ________.[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D] the data collected so far are out of date34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that ________.[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[B] fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changingsituation35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’________.[A] management efficiency[B] biomass level[C] catch-size limits[D] technological applicationText 4Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets -- they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!”commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.36. By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the authorintends to show that ________.[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness[D] artists have changed their focus of interest37. The word “bummer”(Line 5, paragraph 5) most probably meanssomething ________.[A] religious[B] unpleasant[C] entertaining[D] commercial38. In the author’s opinion, advertising ________.[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[C] replaces the church as a major source of information[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes________.[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40. Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a "Fun Card", which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls "electronic heroin".(41) ________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998 a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confinedto a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions”letter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42) ________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams’s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,”intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.(43) ________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(44) ________. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45) ________.Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on -- you might say addicted to -- revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers’ dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web’s most profitable business.[A] Although no such evidence was presented, the casino’s marketingdepartment continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.[B]It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior.And in what sense was his will operative?[C] By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he couldget back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.[D] Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but fora long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease.Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.[E] David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.[F] It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioralproblems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.[G] The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling isespecially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufactureevidence, or doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in "public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else.Section III WritingPart A51. DirectionsYou want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the photos briefly,2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and3. give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)有两幅图片，图1 把崇拜写在脸上；图2 花300元做“小贝头”注：Beckham是英国足球明星有两张照片，一张照片上有一位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字，另一张照片上有一个男子在理发，他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉姆的发型。
2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题和答案
Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 , today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage ofwell-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are d on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel18 ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1.[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring2.[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty3.[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction4.[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured5.[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom6.[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless7.[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated8.[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute9.[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among10.[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside11.[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically12.[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles13.[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course14.[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield15.[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship16.[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce17.[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats18.[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved19.[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into20.[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal【试题精析】1. [答案][C] warning考点：上下文语义理解解析：空格之后的宾语从句部分“technology is replacing human workers.”结合选项，应该选择warning。
2017英语一考研真题
2017英语一考研真题As per your request, I will provide you with an article based on the 2017 English Language Proficiency Exam for Postgraduate Studies.Introduction:The 2017 English Language Proficiency Exam for Postgraduate Studies is an essential examination for individuals aspiring to pursue higher education. This exam evaluates the candidate's proficiency in the English language and is an important step towards achieving their academic and professional goals. In this article, we will discuss the format, content, and strategies to approach this exam effectively.Section 1: Listening ComprehensionThe Listening Comprehension section of the 2017 English Language Proficiency Exam plays a crucial role in assessing the candidate's ability to comprehend spoken English. This section consists of a series of audio recordings and related questions. Candidates must listen attentively to the recordings and answer the questions accordingly. To excel in this section, candidates should practice active listening skills and familiarize themselves with different English accents.Section 2: Reading ComprehensionThe Reading Comprehension section aims to evaluate the candidate's ability to understand and interpret written English text. This section typically includes multiple passages, each followed by a set of questions. To perform well in this section, candidates should develop effective reading strategiessuch as skimming, scanning, and identifying key information. Additionally, expanding one's vocabulary and improving reading speed can significantly enhance performance in this section.Section 3: TranslationTranslation is an essential skill for individuals pursuing higher education in an English-speaking country. The Translation section of the 2017 English Language Proficiency Exam assesses the candidate's ability to translate English text into their native language accurately. Candidates must ensure proper understanding of the source text and effectively convey its meaning in their translation. To succeed in this section, candidates should enhance their vocabulary and strengthen their grammatical knowledge.Section 4: WritingThe Writing section examines the candidate's ability to express themselves coherently and effectively in written English. Candidates are typically required to write an essay or respond to a specific prompt. To excel in this section, it is crucial to plan the essay structure, develop a clear and logical argument, and utilize appropriate vocabulary and grammar. Additionally, candidates should pay attention to paragraph organization and ensure a smooth flow of ideas.Section 5: Oral ExpressionThe Oral Expression section evaluates the candidate's ability to communicate fluently and confidently in spoken English. Candidates may be asked to deliver prepared speeches, engage in conversations, or participate in group discussions. To succeed in this section, candidates should practicespeaking English regularly, work on pronunciation, and develop effective communication strategies such as expressing opinions, summarizing arguments, and engaging in debates.Conclusion:The 2017 English Language Proficiency Exam for Postgraduate Studies is a comprehensive assessment of a candidate's English language abilities. Each section evaluates different aspects, including listening, reading, translation, writing, and oral expression. To excel in this exam, candidates should adopt effective learning strategies, practice regularly, and expand their English language skills. With consistent effort and dedication, candidates can enhance their chances of obtaining a satisfactory result and achieve their desired academic goals.。
2017年考研真题翻译
2017年考研真题翻译2017年考研英语真题已于近日发布，其中的翻译题一直是考生们备考的重点。
本文将对2017年考研英语翻译题进行解析，帮助考生们更好地应对翻译题的挑战。
首先，让我们来看一下2017年考研英语真题的翻译部分：Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)1. The rise of the Tea Party, Occupy Wall Street, the Bernie Sanders insurgency, and the raucous rallies of Donald Trump are the most obvious indication of a revolt against the political establishment. But these are not the only expressions of dissatisfaction with how the country is being governed. The more fundamental rebellion is taking place in primary elections all over the country.（2017年考研英语真题翻译）2. Large portions of the population are searching for something different, something much better, than being governed by a self-perpetuating managerial elite that is both unelected and largely unaccountable.（2017年考研英语真题翻译）3. While this may be a new challenge for the political parties, it is not exactly a new phenomenon. Similar moments of disruptive electoral rebellion have occurred about once every third generation in American history, fundamentally reshaping the party system.（2017年考研英语真题翻译）根据以上的翻译题，我们可以采用以下的格式来解答：1.对于第一句话，我们可以将其翻译为："茶党崛起、占领华尔街、伯尼·桑德斯的反抗以及唐纳德·特朗普的喧闹集会是对政治体制的公然叛逆的明显信号。
2017考研英语二真题和答案解析
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply ome lazy and depressed. 6 , today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a at time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the ratefor 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, ause leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel 18 ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1．[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring【答案】[C] warning2．[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty 【答案】[A] inequality3．[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction 【答案】[D] prediction4．[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured 【答案】[A] characterized5．[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom 【答案】[B] meaning6．[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 【答案】[B] Indeed7．[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated 【答案】[C] working8．[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compenion [D] substitute 【答案】[A] explanation9．[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among【答案】[D] among10．[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside 【答案】[C] worry about11．[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically【答案】[C] necessarily12．[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles 【答案】[B] downsides13．[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course【答案】[A] absence14．[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield【答案】[D] yield15．[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship 【答案】[C] virtue16．[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce 【答案】[D] scarce17．[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats 【答案】[A] demands18．[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved 【答案】[B] tired19．[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into【答案】[D] into20．[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal【答案】[B] professionalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Every urday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour. Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the at legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter,healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots”, concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling en spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has .[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C] strengthened community ties[D] ome an official festival【答案】[A] gained great popularity22. The author be lieves that London’s Olympic“legacy” has failed to .[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C] improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools【答案】[B] promote sport participation23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it .[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers【答案】[C] does not emphasize elitism24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should .[A] organize “grassroots” sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in public sports facilities【答案】[D] invest in public sports facilities25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is .[A] tolerant[B] critical[C] uncertain[D] sympathetic【答案】[B] criticalText 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. ”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones ame a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that th e worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just ause a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26.According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.[A] simplify routine matters[B] absorb user attention[C] better interpersonal relations[D] increase work efficiency【答案】[B] absorb user attention27.Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______.[A] takes away babies’ appetite[B] distracts children’s attention[C] slows down babies’ verbal development[D] reduces mother-child communication【答案】[D] reduces mother-child communication28.Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange[C] children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood[D] parents need to resp ond to children’s emotional needs【答案】[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year[C] ensure constant interaction with their children[D] remain concerned about kid’s use of screens【答案】[C] ensure constant interaction with their children30. According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.[A] give their parents some free time[B] make their parents more creative[C] help them with their homework[D] help them ome more attentive【答案】[A] give their parents some free timeText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? And after g oing to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that .[A] they think it academically misleading[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college[C] it feels strange to do differently from others[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses【答案】[C] it feels strange to do differently from others32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps .[A] keep students from being unrealistic[B] lower risks in choosing careers[C] ease freshmen’s financial burdens[D] relieve freshmen of pressures【答案】[D] relieve freshmen of pressures33. The word “acclimation” (Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to .[A] adaptation[B] application[C] motivation[D] competition【答案】[A] adaptation34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them .[A] avoid academic failures[B] establish long-term goals[C] switch to another college[D] decide on the right major【答案】[D] decide on the right major35. The most suitable title for this text would be .[A] In Favor of the Gap Year[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year[C] The Gap Year Comes Back[D] The Gap Year: A Dilemma【答案】[A] In Favor of the Gap YearText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern ause of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency’s other work—such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge pr oblem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says.” We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?” “Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.For one thing, converions about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change—how the warming of the Earth from enhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactio ns go both ways,” he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is omes very limited.”At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015they .[A] exhausted unprecedented management efforts[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget[C] severely damaged the ecology of western states[D] caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure【答案】[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget37. Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” to.[A] raise more funds for fire-prone areas[B] avoid the redirection of federal money[C] find wildfire-free parts of the landscape[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds【答案】[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that .[A] public debates have not settled yet[B] fire-fighting conditions are improving[C] other factors should not be overlooked[D] a shift in the view of fire has taken place【答案】[C] other factors should not be overlooked39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to .[A] discover the fundamental makeup of nature[B] explore the mechanism of the human systems[C] maximize the role of landscape in human life[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature【答案】[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should .[A] do away with[B] come to terms with[C] pay a price for[D] keep away from【答案】[B] come to terms withPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. “We don’t make anything anymore,” he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages. “They’re harder to find and they have job offers,” says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, “They may be coming [into the workforce], but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing,” Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It’s his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school hec onsidered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. “I love working with tools. I love creating.” he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the at Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials “remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession,” says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren’t misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortagesfirst appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels.“The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill,” says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. “There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and oth er places where you don’t need to have much skill. It’s that gap in between, and that’s where the problem is. ”Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. “Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives,” she says.【答案】41 [E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find ause of stiff competition.42 [A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.43 [G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off the young people’s parents.44 [B] points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill45 [F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturingSection III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, ause writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be honest, I said it , because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream—I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I decided to look for some fashion-related co urses that included writing. This is when I noticed the course “Fashion Media & Promotion.”【参考译文】我一直梦想着能找到一个结合时尚与出版的工作。
山东大学2017年翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
山东大学2017年翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解I. Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points)Directions: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark youranswers on your ANSWER SHEET.1. Since the island soil has been barren for so many years, the natives must now _____ much of their food.A. deliverB. importC. produceD. develop【答案】B【解析】句意：由于岛上的土壤已经贫瘠了这么多年，当地居民现在必须进口他们的大部分食物。
import进口。
deliver投递。
produce生产。
develop开发。
2. Because Jenkins neither attacks nor defends either management or the striking workers, both sides admire his journalistic _____.A. acumenB. neutralityC. aptitudeD. flair【答案】B【解析】句意：因为詹金斯对管理层和罢工的工人都持既不攻击也不辩护的态度，所以双方都欣赏他的新闻中立性。
neutrality中立。
acumen敏锐。
aptitude天资。
flair才华，天赋。
3. Some anthropologists claim that a few apes have been taught a rudimentary sign language, but skeptics argue that the apes are only _____ their trainers.A. imitatingB. condoningC. instructingD. acknowledging【答案】A【解析】句意：一些人类学家声称，一些猿类已经被传授了一种基本的手语，但怀疑论者认为，猿类只是在模仿他们的训练者。
2017年考研英语二真题及答案解析
2017年考研英语二真题及答案解析跨考教育英语教研室Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET。
(10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland..A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today’s unemployed don't seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9 poorly—educated middle—aged people is shortage of well—paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease。
考研英语真题
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）真题完整版Section I ?Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!”1 helping you feel close and2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived?ater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that thestress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of17．[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return18．[A]?ause [B] unless [C] though [D] until19．[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases20．[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1First two hours , now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major . airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real—past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago’s O’Hare Internatio nal .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has?ome—but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Conss should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has_____.[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C]strengthened community ties[D]?ome an official festival22. The author believes that London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed to _____.[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C]improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different form Olympic games in that it ____.[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sports, the author holds that governments should______.[A] organize “grassroots” sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in pubic sports facilities25. The author’s att itude to what UK governments have to done for sports is _____.[A]tolerant[B] critical[C]uncertain[D]sympatheticText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island’s inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to H awaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. Th e TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the rettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly?ause[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn’t the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes –all things that contribut e to a person’s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see pross .F. Kennedy is cited?ause he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .of the following is true about the recent annual study ?[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable .[D]Its results are enlightening .the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .of the following is the best title for the text ?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures , a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F. Kennedy , a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act”.The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal withbureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.” The b asic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,” assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply?ause an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society—that all are equal in treatment by government—is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court’s rulin g is based on the assumption that public officials are[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sket ch, “A Dinner at Poplar Walk” brought tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens’s fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick,?ame a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the?atest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist,?irist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father’s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office –a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken’s mother supposedly came from a m ore respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken’s birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the younggentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken’s?atest wound and?ame his deepest s ecret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan’s progress from the workhouse to the crim inal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens’ as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining?ater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly & billion for the UK in invisible exportsand our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.Section III ?WritingYou are to write an email to James Cook,a newly-arrived Australia professor,recommending some tourist attraction in your city .Please give reason for your recommendation.You should write nearly on the answer/sheet.Dot not sign your own name at the end of the email .use "li ming"instead Do not write the address.(10 points):Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In y essay. You should1) describe the pictures briefly.2) interpret the meaning,and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)。
2017年考研英语真题及答案
2017考研英语真题及答案（一）Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark [A]，[B]，[C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But __1___some claims to the contrary，laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels，___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__，a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way，say，walking or jogging does.__6__，instead of straining muscles to build them，as exercise does，laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__，studies dating back to the 1930‘s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles，decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway，the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback，that improve an individual‘s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion，our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also ____14___ tears，evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988，social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips，which would produce a（n）__17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown，____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ ，the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1.[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2.[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3.[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4.[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5.[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6.[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7.[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8.[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9.[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10.[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11.[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12.[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13.[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14.[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15.[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16.[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17.[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18.[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19.[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20.[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A]，[B]，[C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part，the response has been favorable，to say the least. “Hooray！At last！” wrote Anthony Tommasini，a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise，however，is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini，who had advocated Gilbert‘s appointment in the Times，calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez，that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part，I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure，he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions，but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall，or anywhere else，to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf，or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time，attention，and money of the art-loving public，classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses，dance troupes，theater companies，and museums，but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap，available everywhere，and very often much higher in artistic quality than today‘s live performances；moreover，they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert‘s own interest in new music has been widely noted：Alex Ross，a classical-music critic，has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different，more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference？Merely expan ding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed，they must first change the relationship between America‘s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert‘s appointment has[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[D]overestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text，which of the following is true of recordings？[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert‘s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic，the author feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August，his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses，he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision，” McGee says. Within two weeks，he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group，which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn‘t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure，executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold，deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter，CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had，according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up，opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are theones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey：“I can‘t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven‘t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age，saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it‘s safer to stay where you are，but that’s been fundamentally inverted，” says one headhunter. “The people who‘ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26. When McGee announced his departure，his manner can best be described as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2，senior executives‘ quitting may be spurred by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28. The word “poached” （Line 3，Paragraph 4）most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it‘s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text？[A]CEOs：Where to Go？[B]CEOs：All the Way Up？[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” med ia – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role，companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media ，such marketers ac t as the initiator for users‘ responses. But in some cases，one marketer’s owned media become another marketer‘s paid media – for instance，when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ，which we believe is still in its infancy，effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson，for example，has created BabyCenter，a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income，the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective，gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing，and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more （and more diverse）communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker，more visible，and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media：an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers，other stakeholders，or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks，for instance，are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens，passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products，putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case，the company‘s response may notbe sufficiently quick or thoughtful，and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor，for example，alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign，which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2，sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor‘s experience is cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ？[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It‘s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful，provocative magazine cover story，“I love My Children，I Hate My Life，” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling，life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable，Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness：instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy，we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard，Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratific ation and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive –and newly single – mom Sandra Bullock，as well as t he usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom，or mom-to-be，smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation，is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ？It doesn‘t seem quite fair，then，to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids，but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world：obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course，the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic，especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples，single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there，considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on；yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it，raising a kid on their “own” （read：with round-the-clock help）is a piece of cake.It‘s hard to imagine that ma ny people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous：most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free，happiness-enhancingpa renthood aren‘t in some small，subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience，in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4，the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph？[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections：The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45，you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can，Mr Menand points out，became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly，up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities：Literature，languages，philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style：22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However，many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard，Mr Menand notes，“the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly，only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects：English departments awarded more bache lor‘s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So，at the end of a decade of theses-writing，many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate，taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law，medicine or business，future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification. [E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation，top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process：federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990，but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career：as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation，argues Mr Menand，is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge，but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education，concludes Mr Menand，is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise，academics will continue to think dangerously alike，increasingly detached from the societies which they study，investigate andcriticize.“Academic inquiry，at least in some fields，may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Yet quite how that happens，Mr Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas：Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities，and Louis Menand，a professor of English at Harvard University，captured it skillfully.G → 41. →42. → E →43. →44. →45.Part CDirections：Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. （10 points）With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver，” creating our inner character and outer circumstances，the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.（46）Allen‘s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter，we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless；this allows us to think one way and act another. However，Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind，and （47）while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone，in reality we are continually faced with a question：“Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that？”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire，Allen concluded ：“ We do not attract what we want，but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement；you don‘t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.Part of the fame of Allen‘s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person，they reveal him.” （48）This seems a justification for neglect of those in need，and a rationalization of exploitation，of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom. This ，however，would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances，however bad，offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people，then humanity would never have progressed. In fat，（49）circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless，as any biographer knows，a per son’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen‘s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. （50）The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us；where before we were experts in the array of limitations，now we become authorities of what is possible.Section ⅢWritingPart A51. Directions：Write a letter to a friend of yours to1）recommend one of your favorite movies and2）give reasons for your recommendationYour should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User “LI MING” instead.Do not writer the address.（10 points）Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160——200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay，you should1）describe the drawing briefly，2）explain it‘s intended meaning，and3）give your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （20 points）2017考研英语真题答案Section I Use of English1.C2.D3.B4.B5.A6.B7.A8.D9.C 10.A11.B 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.B 16.D 17.A 18.D 19.A 20.CSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21.C 22.B 23.D 24.B 25.A 26.B 27.D 28.C 29.A 30.C31.D 32.C 33.B 34.A 35.A 36.C 37.D 38.A 39.D 40.B41.B 42.D 43.A 44.C 45.F翻译：46、艾伦的贡献在于提供了我们能分担和揭示错误性质的假设——因为我们不是机器人，因此我们能够控制我们的理想。
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案详解
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案详解2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different,with academics,writers,and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort,one 4 by purposelessness:Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6, today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the8forrising rates of mortality,mental-health problems,and addicting 9poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work,a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure.Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,”says John Danaher,a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days,because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers,people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work,I often feel 18 ,”Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1．[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring2．[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty3．[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction4．[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured5．[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom6．[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless7．[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated8．[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute9．[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among10．[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside11．[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically12．[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles13．[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course14．[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield15．[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship16．[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce17．[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats18．[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved19．[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into20．[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen f riends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy”is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches.The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners.It has not happened.The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise,by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster.Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved.Obesity has risen among adults and children.Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.”The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up:The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally”grassroots”,concept as community sports associations.If there is a role for government,it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21.According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has .[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs [C] strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival22.The author believes that London’s Olympic“legacy”has failed to.[A] boost population growth [C] improve the city’s image[B] promote sport participation[D] increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it .[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition [C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers24.With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governmentsshould.[A] organize “grassroots”sports events[B] supervise local sports associations [C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in public sports facilities25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is .[A] tolerant[B] critical[C] uncertain[D] sympatheticText 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,”says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. “Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the”still face experiment”devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,”says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting”with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, veryupper-middle-classideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.”Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower,do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way.This can make them feel happier,which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.[A] simplify routine matters[B] absorb user attention [C] better interpersonal relations[D] increase work efficiency27. Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’use of devices ______.[A] takes away babies’appetite[C] slows down babies’verbal development[B] distracts children’s attention[D] reduces mother-child communication28.Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment”to show that _______.[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange[C] children are insensitive to changes in their parents’mood[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs29.The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year[C] ensure constant interaction with their children[D] remain concerned about kid’s use of screens30. According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.[A] give their parents some free time[B] make their parents more creative [C] help them with their homework[D] help them become more attentiveText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction withincreasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,”whether that be toward graduate school,medical school or lucrative career.But despite common misconceptions,a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact,it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that .[A] they think it academically misleading[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college[C] it feels strange to do differently from others[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32.Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps .[A] keep students from being unrealistic[C] ease freshmen’s financial burdens[B] lower risks in choosing careers[D] relieve freshmen of pressures33.The word”acclimation”(Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to .[A] adaptation[B] application[C] motivation[D] competition34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them.[A] avoid academic failures[B] establish long-term goals [C] switch to another college[D] decide on the right major35. The most suitable title for this text would be .[A] In Favor of the Gap Year[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year [C] The Gap Year Comes Back[D] The Gap Year: A DilemmaText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015,the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago.In effect,fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency’s other work—such as forest conservation,watershed and cultural resources management,and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?”It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,”he says.”We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?””Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change—how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.”The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways,”he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.”We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,”Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”36.More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they .[A] exhausted unprecedented management efforts[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget[C] severely damaged the ecology of western states[D] caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure37. Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass”to .[A] raise more funds for fire-prone areas[C] find wildfire-free parts of the landscape[B] avoid the redirection of federal money[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that .[A] public debates have not settled yet[C] other factors should not be overlooked[B] fire-fighting conditions are improving[D] a shift in the view of fire has taken place39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to .[A] discover the fundamental makeup of nature[B] explore the mechanism of the human systems[C] maximize the role of landscape in human life[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should .[A] do away with[B] come to terms with[C] pay a price for[D] keep away fromPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. “We don’t make anything anymore,”he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages. “They’re harder to find and they have job offers,”says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, “They may be coming [into the workforce], but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing,”Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years. At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It’s his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. “I love working with tools. I love creating.”he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials “remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession,”says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place,a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren’t misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels.”The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill,”says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. “There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t need to have much skill. It’s that gap in between, and that’s where the problem is. ”Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. “Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives,”she says.41. Jay Deuwell42.Jason Stenquist43. Birgit Klohs44. Rob Spohr45.Julie Parks[A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.[B] points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don't need much skill.[C] points out that the US doesn't manufacture anything anymore.[D] believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers.[E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.[F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing.[G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off the young people's parents.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be honest, I said it , because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream—I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing. This is when I noticed the course “Fashion Media & Promotion.”Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions：Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write a reply to1) accept the invitation, and2) introduce the key points of your presentationYou should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Don’t use your own name, use “LiMing”instead.Don’t write your address. (10 points)48. Directions：Write an essay based on the following chart.In your write，you should1）interpret the chart，and2）Give your comments.You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. （15 points）2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语答案详解（二）Section I Use of English1.【答案】[C] warning【解析】此处是考察词义辨析，文章第一段首句提到“People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .”其意思是“人们几个世纪以来一直在思索没有工作的未来。
2017年考研英语一翻译真题（已公布）
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades. (46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future. Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol (47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities. David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages. If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads. (49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors.The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage. The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50)It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment.That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.。
2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题和答案
2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题Directions:Read the following text。
Choose the best word（s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1。
（10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers。
Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland。
A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 , today's unemployed don’t see m to be having a great time。
One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans。
2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题和答案
2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1。
（10 points）People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is no different，with academics，writers, and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers。
Some imagine that the coming work—free world will be defined by 2 。
A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed。
6 ，today’s unemployed don’t see m to be having a great time。
One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental—health problems，and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle—aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease。