现代大学英语第六册课后句子解释及翻译

Lesson 1 How to get the poor off our conscience1.Virtue is ... self-centered.By right action,we mean it must help promote personal interest.2....(poverty) was a product of their excessive fecundity...The poverty of the poor was caused by their having too many children.3....the rich were not responsible for either its creation or its amelioration.The rich were not to blame for the existence of poverty so they should not be asked to undertake the task of solving the problem.4.It is merely the working out of a law of nature and a law of God.It is only the result or effect of the law of the survival of the fittest applied to nature of to human society.5.It declined in popularity, and references to its acquired a condemnatory tone. People began to reject Social Darwinism because it seemed to glorify brutal force and oppose treasured values of sympathy,love and friendship.Therefore,when it was mentioned,it was usually the target of criticism.6....the search for a way of getting the poor off our conscience was not at an end; it was only suspended.The desire to find a way to justify the unconcern for the poor had not been abandoned,it had only been put off.7....only rarely given to overpaying for monkey wrenches, flashlights, coffee makers, and toilet seats.Government officials,on the whole ,are good,it is very rare that some would pay high prices for office equipment to get kickbacks.8.This is perhaps our most highly influential piece of fiction.It is a very popular story and has been accepted by many but it is not true.9.Belief can be the servant of truth---but even more of convenience.Belief can be useful in the search for truth,but more often than not it is accepted because it is convenient and self-serving.10.George Gilder... Who tells to much applause that the poor must have the cruel spur of their own suffering to ensure effort...George Gilder advances the view that only when the poor suffer from great misery will they be stimulated to make great efforts to change the situation,in other words,suffering is necessary to force the poor to work hard.Lesson 2 The woods were tossing with jewels1.But these marks of wild country called to may father like the legendary siren song.Though the place was not pleasant or disagreeable,my father was deeply attracted to it precisely because of its unexplored,uncultivated natural state,and the challenge.2."I'm afraid the day's going to catch us," I explained, wondering what great disaster might befall us if it did.As a little girl,I believed my father's words ,and was genuinely afraid of the possible disaster--if we didn't hurry up,the day would catch us and terrible things might happen.3....from time to time he was halfheartedly sought for trial, though few crimes seemed to lead directly to his door.In this place,though the police wound make some effort without real earnest to investigate Watson and bring him to court,there seemed to be little concrete evidence to prove that he was responsible for certain illegal activities.4.The stranglehold Watson had over this section of Florida was not dissimilar to the unscrupulous activities of certain lawmen, other legal crooks, and even governors that our state was to suffer through its history.The control Watson had over this part of Florida was much similar to the dishonest or illegal activities of the law-enforcing officials and governors which Florida witnessed in the 20th century.5.There was the little shack, not the most gracious of living quarters, and there wasa murderer for our nearest and only neighbor, about thirty miles away.Before the family built their own house,they lived in a shabby cabin at Gopher Key,close to the merciless Watson.6.King Richard in his gluttony neer sat at a table more sumptuous than ours was three times a day...We had abundant food on the island,and even the meals enjoyed by King Richard,who was famous for his love of food,couldn't possibly compare with ours.7.Despite the unrelenting heat, we were happy to be let off from our hours of school indoors, sessions which our mother kept every day, rain or shine.Although it was very hot outside in the sun,we were happy to be dismissed from my mother's sessions indoors.we would have to read and write with her every day no matter what the weather was,like. lesson 3 At war with the planet1.even droughts,floods ,and heat waves may become unwitting acts of man.What people do may unintentionally cause droughts,floods and heat waves.2.But this image, now repeatedly thrust before us in photographs, posters, and advertisements, is misleading.The Earth we see in photos,posters,and ads,which appears so beautiful,is not the true reflection of the world we live in ,such image lulls us into complacency.3.The technosphere has become sufficiently large and intense to alter the natural processes that govern the ecosphere.Human activities have taken place over such large areas and with such intensity that they have already caused disastrous effects on ecology.4....which could establish itself only because it fitted properly into the preexisting system.the fish could play its role because it became a necessary link with the processes preceding it and the processes following it in the ecological system.5.Defined so narrowly, it is no surprise that cars have properties that are hostile to their environment.when cars are produced to serve such narrow purposes,it is not surprising that some of their characteristic qualities are harmful to the environment.6.Yields rose, but not in proportion to the rate of fertilizer application...the farmer applied more and more fertilizer,and the production did rise but did not increase at the same rate of the fertilizer.7...their waste is flushed into the sewer system altered in composition but not in amount at treatment plant...people eat plants and animals,and their waste is flushed into the sewer system.After being processed,the waste is still waste.the residue will go into rivers,oceans,and will have harmful effect on the aquatic ecosystem.8.Left to their own devices, ecosystems are conservative...if the ecosystems are not upset by outside intrusion,they will remain the same with very little change9.In contrast to the ecosphere, the technosphere is composed of objects and materials that reflect a rapid and relentless process of change and variation.the characteristics of the objects and materials in the technosphere are rapid change and great variety.10.But this is done only at the cost of understanding.if we take side in the war of the two words,we are doing so at the risk of failing to have a clear understanding of the nature and cause of the war,thus,we lose the chance to really solve the grave environmental crisis.Lesson6 Death of a pig1.It is a tragedy enacted on most farms with ...The murder,being premeditated,is in the first degree..and the smoked bacon and ham provide...questionedthe tragedy has an ending---the killing of a pig and the serving of its meat.The killing deliberately planned and carried out efficiently,is the most type of murder.However,whether pigs should end their lives that way has never been questioned.1.A pig couldn't ask for anything better or none has, at any rateA pig could not ask for any better living conditions;at least no pig has ever complained.In a word,my pig lived in a pleasant environment2.You could see him down there at all hours, his white face parting (i)stethoscope dangling ...and grinning his corrosive grinFred was quite excited about the event.He was down at the pigpen all the time.because of his swollen joints,he moved about unsteadily.His face set apart the grass along the fence as he moved about.He was like a doctor,with his long ,drooping ears dangling like a stethoscope,and he scrabbbled on the ground as if he were prescibing some medicine. 3.When the enema bag appeared, and the bucket of warm suds, his happiness...full charge of the irrigationWhen it was time to dose the pig,Fred became even more excited,and he managed to get through the fence,and acted as if he was taking charge of the medical treatment. 4....and the premature expiration of a pig is...a sorrow in which it feels fully involved If a pig dies before he is supposed to ,it is a serious matter for the whole community to remember.The whole community would share the sadness for his death.5.I have written this account in penitence and in grief,as a man who...and to explain my...so many raised pigsThe purpose of this essay is to show that I am sorry for what has happened to mypig,since I have failed to raise the pig and cannot provide a reason why my pig could didn't grow the way other pigs have grown.6.The grave in the woods is unmarked,but ...and I know he and I...on flagless ..own choosingThe pig's grave in the woods doesn't have a tombstone,but whenever somebody wants to visit it,Fred will show him the way.I know we will often visit it,separate or together,when we need to ponder over problems or when we are depressed.Lesson101.Saint George may caper on banner and in the speeches of politicians, but it is John Bull who delivers the goods.As Saint George is a hero, the patron of arms, symbolizing chivalry, his image often appears on banners, and his name is often mentioned in the speeches of politicians. Saint George is used as a symbolic figure for political purposes. But John Bill is a tradesman and he delivers the goods we need in our daily life while making money at the same time.2.With its boarding-houses, its compulsory games, its system of prefects and fagging, its insistence on good form and on esprit de corps, it produces a type whose weight is out of all proportion to its numbers.The English public schools have unique features. First, all boys live in boarding houses. Second, sports and games are organized and compulsory as part of thee school curricula. Third, older students have special duties to help control younger students while the latter must do jobs for the former. Lastly, great emphasis is placed on good form and team spirit. These features enable the public school students to have disproportionately great influence.3.Note the word "bankrupt". I spoke as a member of a prudent middle-class nation, always anxious to meet my liabilities.Pay attention to my use of the word"bankrupt", a word related to business. This reveals my identity as a member of the commercial nation, who would be careful and sensible enough to avoid any risks of failing to pay their debts.4.But my friend spoke as an Oriental, and the Oriental has behind him a tradition, not of middle-class prudence but of kingly munificence and splendor.But my friend expressed his views as a member of the Oriental countries. They are nourished by a tradition of great generosity and richness, which is different from the English tradition of middle-class prudence.5."True love in this differs from gold and clay, That to divide is not to take away."In this aspect, true love is different from material things such as clay or even gold which can be divided and taken away. Yet, if we share true love, it will never diminish.6.I will now descend from that dizzy and somewhat unfamiliar height, and return to my business of notetaking.In the above anecdote, I have become an example of the Englishmen for the moment. That put me in a high position which makes me dizzy and is unfamiliar to me. I will now come down from that height and return to my role as your commentator on the characteristics of the Englishman.7. Such a combination is fruitful, and anyone who possesses it has gone a long way toward being brave.The Englishman's nervous system acts promptly and feels slowly. The combination of the two qualities is useful, and anyone who has this combination is most likely to be brave. 8.Since literature always rests upon national character, there must be in the English nature hidden springs of fire to produce the fire we see.As literature is based on national character, there must be in the English nature hidden resources of passion that have produced that great romantic literature we see. 9."Oh, I'm used to Bernard Shaw,;monkey tricks don't hurt me."That kind of criticism is just like Bernard Shaw's attacks. It is nothing new and I'm used to these tricks and jokes; they won't do any harm to me.10.And the "tolerant humorous attitude " with which he confronts them is not really humorous, because it is bounded by the titter and the guffaw.The Englishmen think they have a tolerant and humorous attitude toward criticism. In fact it is not so, because their attitude is limited by uncomfortable laughter, which indicates that beneath the surface of their tolerant humorous attitude, they are uneasy.When they try to be humorous and brush aside criticism, they would titter and guffaw. Such uncomfortable laughter is a sign of uneasiness.11.The cats are all out of their bags, and diplomacy cannot recall them.I have already made all my opinions known to you. What is said is said, and being diplomatic cannot unsay what has been said.Lesson 11. An imbalance between the rich and poor is the oldest and most fatal ailment of republics.贫富不均乃共和政体最致命疾.2. Their poverty is a temporary misfortune, if they are poor and meek, they eventually will inherit the earth.他们的贫穷只是一种暂时性的不幸，如果他们贫穷但却温顺，他们最终将成为世界的主人.3. Couples in love should repair to R H Macy’s not their bedrooms.热恋的夫妇应该在梅西百货商店过夜,而不是他们的新房4. The American beauty rose can be produced in the splendor and fragrance which bring cheer to its beholder only by sacrificing the early buds which grow up around it. And so is in economic life. It’s merely the working out of a law of the nature and a law of God.美国这朵玫瑰花以其华贵与芳香让观众倾倒，赞不绝口，而她之所以能被培植就是因为在早期其周围的花蕾被插掉了，在经济生活中情况亦是如此。