河北省张家口市蔚县一中2014届高三一轮测试化学试题.pdf
河北省蔚县第一中学2014届高三上学期期中考试数学试题 Word版含答案
绝密★启用前蔚县第一中学2014届高三上学期期中考试数学试题考试范围:xxx ;考试时间:100分钟;命题人:xxx1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I 卷(选择题)请修改第I 卷的文字说明一、单项选择1. 已知集合},3125|{R x x x A ∈≤-≤-=,},0)8(|{Z x x x x B ∈≤-=,则A B =( )A .()0,2B .[]0,2C .{}0,2D .{}0,1,2 2. 已知函数2()f x x x c =++,若(0)f >0,()f p <0,则必有( ) A.(1)f p +>0 B.(1)f p +<0C.(1)f p +=0D.(1)f p +的符号不能确定 3. 已知25242sin -=α,⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-∈04,πα,则ααcos sin +等于( ) A .51-B .51C .57- D .574. 已知数列}{n a ,那么“*12()n n a a n +-=∈N ”是“数列{}n a 为等差数列”的( ) A. 充分而不必要条件 B. 必要而不充分条件C. 充分必要条件D. 既不充分也不必要条件5. 已知定义在R 上的偶函数()f x 满足(4)()f x f x -=,且在区间[0,2]上()f x x =,若关于x 的方程()log a f x x =有三个不同的根,则a 的范围为( )A .)4,2(B .)22,2(C .D .6. 已知a =),sin ,23(αb =)31,(cos α且a ∥b ,则锐角α的大小为 ( )A .6π B .3πC .4πD .125π7. 设函数321()()2x f x x -=-,则其零点所在的区间为( )A .(1,0)-B .(0,1)C .(1,2)D .(2,3)8. 椭圆221x my +=的焦点在y 轴上,长轴长是短轴长的两倍,则m 的值为(用)( )A .14 B .12C . 2D .4 9. 将长方体截去一个四棱锥,得到的几何体如右图所示,则该几何体的侧视图为10. 已知函数()f x 是定义在R 上的奇函数.若对于0x ≥,都有()()2f x f x +=,且当[)()()20,2log 1,x x x ∈=+时,f 则()()20122013f f +-=( )A.1B.2C.1-D.2-11. 已知A ?B,A ?C,B={1,2,3,5},C={0,2,4,8},则A 可以是( ) A .{1,2} B .{2,4} C .{2} D .{4} 12.方程的两根都大于2,则m 的取值范围是 ( )A. B. C.D.第II 卷(非选择题)请修改第II 卷的文字说明 二、填空题13. 已知α是第二象限角,且2sin 3α=,则cos α=14. 已知()(2)(3)f x m x m x m =-++,()22x g x =-,若同时满足条件:①对于任意x R ∈,05)2(2=-+-+m x m x )4,(--∞)2,(--∞(]4,5--(]4,5)5,(--⋃--∞()0f x <或()0g x <成立; ②存在(,4)x ∈-∞-,使得()()0f x g x ⋅<成立.则m 的取值范围是 .15. 对正整数n ,设曲线)1(x x y n -=在2x =处的切线与y 轴交点的纵坐标为n a ,则数列}1{+n a n的前n 项和的公式是 . 16. 若函数x x x f 3)(3+=对任意的0)()2(],2,2[<+--∈x f mx f m 恒成立,则∈x ___________.17. 已知等比数列{}n a 的首项18a =,令2l o gn n b a =,n S 是数列{}n b 的前n 项和,若3S 是数列{}n S 中的唯一最大项,则{}n a 的公比q 的取值范围是__________.18. 函数sin()(0)y x πϕϕ=+>的部分图象如右图所示,设P 是图象的最高点,A,B 是图象与x 轴的交点,则tan∠APB 等于三、解答题19. 小文家与学校相距1000米。
2014年12月河北省普通高中学业水平考试(含答案)-标准版
2014年12月河北省普通高中学业水平考试化学试卷【注意事项】:1.本试卷共6页,包括六道大题,共40道小题,共100分,考试时间90分钟。
2.所有答案在答题卡上作答,在本试卷和草稿纸上作答无效。
答题前请仔细阅读答题卡上的“注意事项”,按照“注意事项”的规定答题。
3.答选择题时,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,请用橡皮将原选涂答案擦干净,再选涂其它答案。
4.考试结束后,请将本试卷与答题卡一并交回。
可能用到的相对原子质量:H—1 C—12 O—16 Na—23 Mg—24 Cu---64 一、单项选择题(本题包括20小题,每小题2分,共40分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题意,不选、多选、错选均不得分)1. 下列物质易溶于水的是A、硫酸钡B、氢氧化钠C、氯化银D、氧化铜2. 向大气中大量排放SO2造成的主要污染是A、光化学烟雾B、白色污染C、酸雨D、臭氧层空洞3. 下列化合物中所含的化学键只有离子键的是A、KOHB、CaCl2C、HClD、CO24. 下列物质在氯气中燃烧产生苍白色火焰的是A、CuB、NaC、H2D、N25. 关于的说法正确的是A、有两种同分异构体B、是平面型分子C、只有一种结构D、属于烃6. 下列物质通过化学反应能使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色的是A、乙醇B、乙烯C、乙烷D、乙酸7. 下列分散系能产生丁达尔效应的是A、稀氨水B、氯化铵溶液C、稀硫酸D、氢氧化铁胶体8. 下列物质不属于硅酸盐产品的是A、陶瓷B、玻璃C、水泥D、明矾9. 下列实验仪器能用酒精灯直接加热的是10. 下列物质的分类正确的是A、二氧化碳属于有机物B、氢氧化铜属于氧化物C、碳酸钠属于钠盐D、过氧化钠属于碱11. 常温常压下,下列有机物呈液态的是A、苯B、蔗糖C、甲烷D、淀粉12. 下列反应不属于...氧化还原反应的是A、氯化钡溶液与硫酸钠溶液反应B、过氧化氢分解C、锌与稀盐酸反应D、钠在氧气中燃烧13. 工业上生产水煤气的反应为:C + H2O =CO +H2。
2014届高考化学第一轮易错题专项检测29.pdf
现象解释A浓硝酸在光照下颜色变黄浓硝酸不稳定B浓硫酸可使pH试纸先变红后变黑浓硫酸具有酸性和吸水性C向某 溶液中加入硝酸酸化的氯化钡溶液,有白色沉淀生成该溶液中含有SODCl2和SO2均可使含有酚酞的NaOH溶液褪色Cl2和 SO2均具有漂白性答案:A 10.(2012年豫西五校联考)NaNO2是一种食品添加剂,它能致癌。酸性KMnO4溶液与NaNO2反应的化学方程式为 MnO+NO+ →Mn2++NO+H2O。下列叙述中正确的是( ) A.该反应中NO被还原 B.反应过程中溶液的pH减小 C.生成1 mol NaNO3需消耗0.4 mol KMnO4 D. 中的粒子是OH- 答案:C 11.(2013年济南高三一轮验收)下列反应中,相关示意图像错误的是( ) ABCD将二氧化硫通入 到一定量氯水中将氨水滴入到一定量氯化铝溶液中将铜粉加入到一定量浓硝酸中将铁粉加入到一定量氯化铁溶液中 答案:B 12.(2013届山西省高三四校联考Ⅰ)某混合气体中可能含有Cl2、O2、SO2、NO、NO2中的两种或多种气体。现将此 无色透明的混合气体通过品红溶液后,品红溶液褪色,把剩余气体排入空气中,很快变为红棕色。对于原混合气体成分 的判断中正确的是( ) A.肯定有SO2和NO B.可能有Cl2、O2和NO2 C.可能有Cl2和O2 D.肯定只有NO 答案:A 13.(2012年石家庄质检)FeS与一定浓度的HNO3反应,生成Fe(NO3)3、Fe2(SO4)3、NO2、N2O4、NO和H2O,当NO2、 N2O4、NO的物质的量之比为1∶1∶1时,实际参加反应的FeS与HNO3的物质的量之比为( ) A.1∶6 B.16∶25 C.2∶1 D.1∶7 答案:D 14.(2013届河南信阳高中高三第五次大考)将11.9 g由Mg、Al、Fe组成的合金溶于足量的NaOH溶液中,合金质量减 少了2.7 g。另取等质量的合金溶于过量稀硝酸中,生成了6.72 L NO(标准状况下),向反应后的溶液中加入适量NaOH溶 液恰好使Mg2+、Al3+、Fe3+完全转化为沉淀,则沉淀的质量为( ) A.22.1 g B.27.2 g C.30 g D.无法计算 答案:B 二、非选择题(本题包括6小题,共58分) 15.(10分)金属是一种重要的材料,人类的生活和生产都离不开金属。如图表示了金属活动性顺序表中铜、锡、铁 和铝元素被人类大规模开发、利用的大致年限。 (1)根据图中数据和有关的化学知识,你认为金属大规模开发、利用的先后顺序跟下列哪些因素有关________。 ①地壳中金属元素的含量 ②金属的导电性 ③金属的活动性 ④金属的延展性 ⑤金属冶炼的难易程度 (2)钢铁的生产和使用是人类文明和社会进步的一个重要标志。请写出一氧化碳在高温条件下将铁从赤铁矿里还原 出来的化学方程式:___________________________________________________________________。 (3)铝的活动性比铁强,但铝在空气中却表现出良好的抗腐蚀性,其原因是 _______________________________________________________________。 (4)在西汉古籍中曾有记载:曾青得铁则化为铜[即曾青(CuSO4)跟铁反应就生成铜]。试写出该反应的化学方程式 :__________________________________。 (5)尽管铜比铁稳定,但铜器表面经常会生成铜锈[即铜绿,化学式为Cu2(OH)2CO3],其中生成铜绿的反应物中除 Cu外,还有O2、CO2和H2O。试写出保护铜制品的方法____________________,这层铜绿可用化学方法除去,试写出除去 铜绿而不损伤器物的反应的化学方程式________________________________________________________。 (6)铜钱在历史上曾经是一种广泛流通的货币。试从物理性质和化学性质的角度分析为什么铜常用于制造货币 ____________(已知铜的熔点是1183.4℃,铁的熔点是1534.8℃)。 (7)某同学想验证Zn、Fe、Cu三种金属的活动性,除了用到这三种金属外,该同学还用到一种溶液,该溶液可能是 ________。 答案:(1)③⑤ (2)3CO+Fe2O32Fe+3CO2 (3)铝的表面生成了致密的氧化铝保护膜
河北省张家口市蔚县一中2014届高三一轮测试物理试题(含答案)
绝密★启用前河北蔚县一中2014届高三一轮测试物理试题考试范围:xxx;考试时间:100分钟;命题人:xxx注意事项:1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I卷(选择题)请修改第I卷的文字说明一、单项选择1. 下列说法正确的是( )A.地球附近的物体的重力没有反作用力B.相互作用的两个力究竟称哪一个力是作用力(或反作用力)是人为规定的C.“鸡蛋碰石头”的过程中,鸡蛋对石头的力必为作用力,石头对鸡蛋的力必为反作用力D.凡是大小相等、方向相反、作用在同一条直线上且分别作用在两个物体上的两个力必定是一对作用力与反作用力2. 如图所示,电吉他的弦是磁性物质,当弦振动时,线圈中产生感应电流,感应电流输送到放大器、喇叭,把声音播放出来,下列说法正确的是()A.电吉他是光电传感器B.电吉他是温度传感器C.电吉他是声音传感器D.弦改用尼龙材料原理不变3. 荡秋千是儿童喜爱的一项体育运动,当秋千荡到最高点时,小孩的加速度方向是图中的()A.a方向B.b方向C.c方向D.d方向4. 如图所示,在光滑的水平面上有一个质量为M的木板B处于静止状态,现有一个质量为m 的木块A在B的左端以初速度v0开始向右滑动,已知M>m,用①和②分别表示木块A和木板B的图象,在木块A从B的左端滑到右端的过程中,下面关于速度v随时间t、动能E k随位移s 的变化图象,其中可能正确的是()5. 如图所示,一带负电的油滴,从坐标原点O以速率v0射入水平的匀强电场,v0的方向与电场方向成θ角,已知油滴质量为m,测得它在电场中运动到最高点P时的速率恰为v0,设P点的坐标为(x p,y p),则应有()A、x p>0B、x p<0C、x p=0D、条件不足,无法判定6. 如图所示中实线是一簇未标明方向的由点电荷产生的电场线,虚线是某一带电粒子通过该区域时的运动轨迹,a、b是轨迹上的两点,若带电粒子的电场中运动只受电场力的作用,根据此图可作出不正确判断的是()A.带电粒子所带电荷的电性B.带电粒子在a、b两点的受力方向C.带电粒子在a、b两点的速度何处较大D.带电粒子在a、b两点的电势能何处较大7. 关于速度和加速度,下列说法正确的是()A.物体的加速度为零时,其速度一定为零B.物体的加速度不为零时,其速度可能为零C.物体的加速度增大时,其速度一定增大D.物体的加速度减小时,其速度一定减小8. 如图所示,一质点在一恒力作用下做曲线运动,从M点运动到N点时,质点的速度方向恰好改变了90°。
014年高三第一次模拟考试理综化学(附答案)
2014年高三模拟考试理科综合2014.03第I卷(必做,共107分)注意事项:1.第I卷共20小题。2.每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再涂写其他答案标号。不涂在答题卡上,只答在试卷上不得分。3.可能用到的相对原子质量:H 1 O 16 Mg 24 Fe 56 Cu 64一、选择题(共13小题,每小题5分,共65分。每小题只有一个选项符合题意。)7.化学与生产生活、环境保护密切相关。下列说法中不正确的是A.加热能杀死流感病毒是因为病毒的蛋白质受热变性B.人造纤维、合成纤维和光导纤维都是有机高分子化合物C.方便面的制作过程中常用到纯碱,葡萄酒中一般加入少量SO2作为添加剂D.绿色化学的核心是利用化学原理从源头上减少和消除工业生产对环境的污染8.右图所示的甲、乙、丙三种物质均含有相同的某种元素,箭头表示物质间的转化一步就能实现,则甲可能是①C ②H2O2③Na ④Fe ⑤HNO3A.仅①③④B.仅①②⑤C.仅①②③⑤D.①②③④⑤9.W、X、Y、Z是原子序数依次增大的四种短周期元素,甲、乙、丙、丁、戊是由其中的两种或三种元素组成的化合物,己是由Y元素形成的单质,常温下丙和己均为气体。已知反应:甲+乙→丁+己,甲+丙→戊+己;常温下0.01 mol·L-1丁溶液的pH为12。下列说法正确的是A.元素X在周期表中的位置为第2周期ⅥA族B.元素X、Y、Z的原子半径由大到小的顺序为r(Z)>r(Y)>r(X)C.1 mol甲与足量的乙完全反应转移的电子数为6.02×1023D.1.0 L0.1 mol·L-1戊溶液中阴离子的总物质的量小于0.1 mol10.下列实验操作与预期实验目的或实验结论不一致的是11.CPAE是蜂胶的主要活性成分,由咖啡酸合成CPAE路线如下:下列说法正确的是A.苯乙醇属于芳香醇,它与邻甲基苯酚互为同系物B.1 molCPAE最多可与含3 mol NaOH的溶液发生反应C.用FeCl3溶液可以检测上述反应中是否有CPAE生成D.咖啡酸、苯乙醇及CPAE都能发生取代、加成和消去反应12.25o C时,取浓度均为0.1 mol·L-1的醋酸溶液和氨水溶液各20 mL,分别用0.1 mol·L-1NaOH溶液、0.1 mol·L-1盐酸进行中和滴定,滴定过程中pH随滴加溶液的体积变化关系如图所示。下列说法正确的是A.曲线I中滴加溶液到10 mL时:c(CH3COO-)>c(Na+)>c(H+)>c(OH-)B.曲线I中滴加溶液到25 mL时:c(NH4+)>c(C1-)>c(H+)>c(OH-)C.曲线II中滴加溶液在10 mL~25 mL之间存在:c(NH4+)=c(Cl-)>c(OH-)=c(H+)D.曲线II中滴加溶液到10mL时:c(CH3COO-)-c(CH3COOH)=2[c(H+)-c(OH-)]13.电化学在日常生活中用途广泛,图甲是镁一次氯酸钠燃料电池,电池总反应为:Mg+ClO-+H2O==Cl-+Mg(OH)2↓,图乙是含Cr2O72-的工业废水的处理。下列说法正确的是A.图甲中发生的还原反应是Mg2++ClO-+H2O+2e-=Cl-+Mg(OH)2↓B.图乙中Cr2O72-向惰性电极移动,与该极附近的OH-结合转化成Cr(OH)3除去C.图乙电解池中,若有0.084 g阳极材料参与反应,则阴极会有336 mL的气体产生D.若图甲燃料电池消耗3.6 g镁产生的电量用以图乙废水处理,理论上可产生10.7 g氢氧化铁沉淀第Ⅱ卷(必做l57分+选做36分,共193分)注意事项:1.第Ⅱ卷共18题,其中21~30题为必做部分,31—38题为选做部分。2.第Ⅱ卷所有题目的答案,考生须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔答在答题卡规定的区域内,在试卷上答题不得分。3.选做部分考生必须从中选择l道物理题、l道化学题和l道生物题作答。答题前,请考生务必将所选题号用2B铅笔涂黑,答完题后,再次确认所选题号。【必做部分】28.(17分)碳和氮的化合物与人类生产、生活密切相关。(1)在一恒温、恒容密闭容器中发生反应: Ni(s)+4CO(g)50~80180~200o o C C Ni(CO)4(g),∆H<0。利用该反应可以将粗镍转化为纯度达99.9%的高纯镍。对该反应的说法正确的是 (填字母编号)。A.增加Ni 的量可提高CO 的转化率,Ni 的转化率降低B.缩小容器容积,平衡右移,∆H 减小C.反应达到平衡后,充入CO 再次达到平衡时,CO 的体积分数降低D.当4v [Ni(CO)4]=v (CO)时或容器中混合气体密度不变时,都可说明反应已达化学平衡状态(2)CO 与镍反应会造成镍催化剂中毒。为防止镍催化剂中毒,工业上常用SO 2将CO 氧化,二氧化硫转化为单质硫。已知:C(s)+12O 2(g)==CO(g) ∆H=-Q 1 kJ mol -1 C(s)+ O 2(g)==CO 2(g) ∆H=-Q 2 kJ mol -1S(s)+O 2(g)==SO 2(g) ∆H=-Q 3 kJ mol -1则SO 2(g)+2CO(g)==S(s)+2CO 2(g) ∆H= 。(3)金属氧化物可被一氧化碳还原生成金属单质和二氧化碳。图28(3)是四种金属氧化物(Cr 2O 3、SnO 2、PbO 2、Cu 2O)被一氧化碳还原时2()lg ()c CO c CO 与温度(t)的关系曲线图。 700o C 时,其中最难被还原的金属氧化物是 (填化学式),用一氧化碳还原该金属氧化物时,若反应方程式系数为最简整数比,该反应的平衡常数(K)数值等于 。(4)NO 2、O 2和熔融NaNO 3可制作燃料电池,其原理如上图28(4)所示。该电池在使用过程中石墨I 电极上生成氧化物Y,其电极反应式为 。若该燃料电池使用一段时间后,共收集到20mol Y ,则理论上需要消耗标准状况下氧气的体积为 L 。29.(18分)亚氯酸钠(NaClO 2)是一种强氧化性漂白剂,广泛用于纺织、印染和食品工业。它在碱性环境中稳定存在。工业设计生产NaClO 2的主要流程如下:(1)A 的化学式是 ,装置III 中A 在 极区产生。(2)II 中反应的离子方程式是 。(3)通电电解前,检验III 中阴离子的方法和步骤是 。(4)为防止II 中制备的NaClO 2被还原成NaCl,应选合适的还原剂,除双氧水外,还可以选择的还原剂是 (填字母编号)。a.Na 2O 2b.FeCl 2c.Na 2S(5)常温时,HClO 2的电离平衡常数Ka=1.07⨯10-2mol·L -1,II 中反应所得NaClO 2溶液(含少量NaOH)的pH=13,则溶液中22()()()c OH c ClO c HClO --= 。(6)气体a、b与氢氧化钠溶液可构成燃料电池,用该电池电解200 mL 0.5 mol·L-1的CuSO4溶液,生成铜3.2 g,此时所得溶液中离子浓度由大到小的顺序是30.(18分)下图是实验室制备氯气并进行一系列相关实验的装置(夹持设备已略)。(1)装置A是氯气的发生装置,请写出相应反应的化学方程式: 。(2)装置B中饱和食盐水的作用是;同时装置B也是安全瓶,监测实验进行时C 中是否发生堵塞,请写出发生堵塞时B中的现象: 。(3)装置C的实验目的是验证氯气是否具有漂白性,为此C中I、II、III处依次放入物质的组合应是(填字母编号)。(4)设计装置D、E的目的是比较氯、溴、碘单质的氧化性。反应一段时间后,打开活塞,将装置D 中少量溶液加入装置E中,振荡,观察到的现象是,该现象(填“能”或“不能”)说明溴单质的氧化性强于碘,原因是。(5)装置F的作用是,其烧杯中的溶液不能选用下列中的(填字母编号)。a.饱和NaOH溶液b.饱和Ca(OH)2溶液c.饱和Na2SO3溶液d.饱和Na2CO3溶液【选做部分】31.(12分)【化学一化学与技术】32.(12分)【化学一物质结构与性质】33.(12分)【化学一有机化学基础】水杨酸酯E为紫外线吸收剂,可用于配制防晒霜。E的一种合成路线如下:请回答下列问题:(1)A是分子式为C4H10O的一元醇,分子中只有一个甲基。F与A互为同分异构体,F的核磁共振氢谱图有2组峰,且峰面积比为9:1。则F与浓HBr溶液共热生成有机物的结构简式为。(2)B能与新制的Cu(OH)2悬浊液发生反应,该反应的化学方程式为。(3)C中所含官能团的名称为,若要检验C中所含官能团,一次取样检验,按使用试剂的先后顺序,下列选项中组(填字母编号)更为合理。a.银氨溶液、溴水b.溴水、银氨溶液c.银氨溶液、稀盐酸、溴水d.溴水、氢氧化钠溶液、银氨溶液(4) 第③步的反应类型为。(5)同时符合下列条件的水杨酸的同分异构体有种。a.分子中含有6个碳原子在同一条直线上b.分子中所含官能团包括水杨酸具有的含氧官能团一轮理综化学答案2014.03第Ⅰ卷选择题(每小题5分,共35分)7.B 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.B 12.D 13.A第Ⅱ卷28.(17分)(1)C (3分)(2)-(2Q2-2Q1-Q3) kJ·mol-1或(2Q1-2Q2+Q3)kJ·mol-1 (3分)(3)Cr2O3 (3分)10-12 (3分)(4)NO2+NO3--e-=N2O5 (2分) 224 (3分)29.(18分)(1)H2SO4 (2分)阳(2分)(2)2ClO2+H2O2+2OH-=2ClO-+O2↑+2H2O (3分)2(3)取少量Ⅲ中溶液少许于试管中,先加入足量稀盐酸,无沉淀生成,再加入BaCl2溶液,产生白色沉淀,证明含有SO42- (3分)(4)a(2分)(5)1.07×1010mol·L-1 (3分)(6)c(H+)>c(SO42-)>c(Cu2+)>c(OH-) (3分)30.(18分,每空2分)(1)Ca(ClO) 2+4HCl(浓)===CaCl2+2Cl2↑+2H2O(2)除去Cl2中的HCl B中长颈漏斗中液面上升,形成水柱(3)d(4)E中溶液分为两层,上层(苯层)为紫红色不能过量的Cl2也可将I-氧化为I2(5)吸收余氯,防止污染大气 b33.(12分,每空2分)(1)C(CH3)3Br(2)CH3CH2CH2CHO+2Cu(OH)2△CH3CH2CH2COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2O(3)碳碳双键、醛基 c(4)还原反应(或加成反应)(5)4。
河北省张家口市第一中学高三上学期周考(四)化学试题(实验班)(含答案)
高三年级周考实验班化学试卷四一、选择题:每小题6分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求。
可能用到的相对原子质量:H-1 C-12 O-16 S-32 Cl-35.5 Na-23 Cu-64 B-11 P-31 Ni-591.下列表述正确的是A .氢氧根离子的电子式是B .二氧化碳分子的比例模型是C .芳香烃的组成通式是C n H 2n -6(n ≥6)D .12C 和14C 的原子结构示意图均可表示为2.处理污水的絮凝剂聚合硫酸铁的化学式是n 2n 43-m 2[Fe (OH)(SO )](),下列有关该物质说法不合理...的是 A .铁元素的化合价为+3价 B .n 取值范围是:0<n≤6C .不能在酸性较强的环境中使用D .若n=2时,构成该物质的三种微粒个数比为1:1:13.Q 、W 、X 、Y 、Z 是原子序数依次增大的短周期元素,X 、Y 是金属元素,X 的焰色呈黄色。
五种元素核电荷数之和为49,最外层电子数之和为17;工业上制取金属Y 一般通过电解其与W 形成的化合物方法;W 、Z 最外层电子数相同,Z 的核电荷数是W 的2倍。
则下列说法不正确的是A .Q 、W 、Z 、Y 、X 原子半径依次增大B .元素W 与元素Z 的最高化合价相同C .Q 和X 形成的化合物中含有离子键D .Z 元素的简单离子与含有Y 元素的离子在水溶液中可能大量共存4.利用下图装置可以进行实验并能达到实验目的的是5.微电解法是利用原电池原理处理、净化高浓度有机废水的一种理想方法。
在酸性、充入氧气条件下的铁碳微电解法处理有机废水的过程中,有如下一些反应:① O2+ 4H++4e-= 2H2O② O2+ 2H2O+ 4e-= 4OH-③ 4Fe2++O2+4H+= 2H2O+ 4Fe3+......下列有关这种铁碳微电解法处理有机废水说法不合理...的是A.在处理废水的过程中,pH升高B.铁做负极,电极反应式是Fe-2e-= Fe2+C.处理、净化过程中发生的反应都是氧化还原反应D.Fe(OH)3胶体可净化除去废水中的悬浮物6.将CO转化为CH4,既可以减少温室气体的排放,又能得到清洁能源。
河北省张家口市蔚县一中2014届高三一轮测试化学试题(含答案)
绝密★启用前河北蔚县一中2014届高三一轮测试化学试题注意事项:1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I卷(选择题)请修改第I卷的文字说明一、单项选择1. 下列有关溶液的酸碱性与pH的说法错误的是()A.溶液pH越小,酸性越强,反之,碱性越强B.pH<7的溶液,可能呈酸性C.当溶液中的c(H+)或c(OH-)较小时,用pH表示其酸碱性更为方便D.把pH试纸直接插入待测溶液中,测其pH2. 人体细胞组织中含量最多的营养物质是()A.蛋白质B.糖类C.脂肪D.水3. 下列有关氯气的说法中正确的是()A.氯气的水溶液能导电,所以氯气是电解质B.干燥的氯气无漂白性,液氯具有极强的漂白性C.氯气能使品红溶液退色,且受热后溶液的红色不能恢复D.可用湿润的蓝色石蕊试纸来鉴别氯气中是否含有氯化氢4. 向Fe(OH)3胶体中逐滴加入一种液体,首先发生凝聚而沉淀,然后继续加入该液体时沉淀又消失。
这种加入的液体可能是下列中的()A.0.05 mol·L-1的H2SO4溶液B.0.05 mol·L-1的MgSO4溶液C.0.05 mol·L-1的KCl溶液D.蒸馏水5. 下列化合物均为天然萜类化合物:对这些萜类化合物叙述错误的是()A.a和c互为同分异构体B.a和b互为同系物C.a、b能与溴水反应D.一定条件下b能转化为a6. X、Y、Z、W是原子序数依次增大的四种短周期元素,甲、乙、丙、丁、戊是由其中的两种或三种元素组成的化合物,己是由Z元素形成的单质。
已知:甲 + 乙 = 丁 + 己,甲 + 丙 = 戊+ 己;0.1 mol·L-1丁溶液的pH为13(25℃)。
下列说法正确的是()A.原子半径:W>Z>Y>XB.Y元素在周期表中的位置为第三周期第ⅣA族C.1 mol甲与足量的乙完全反应共转移了1 mol电子D.1.0 L 0.1 mol·L-1戊溶液中阴离子总的物质的量小于0.1 mo7. 如图所示,ΔH1=-393.5kJ·mol-1,ΔH2=-395.4kJ·mol-1,下列说法或表示式正确的是()A.石墨和金刚石的转化是物理变化B.C(s、石墨)===C(s、金刚石)ΔH=+1.9kJ·mol-1C.金刚石的稳定性强于石墨D.断裂1mol石墨的化学键吸收的能量比断裂1mol金刚石的化学键吸收的能量少8. 在RNH 2·H2O RNH3++OH-的平衡中,要使RNH2·H2O的电离程度及c(OH-)都增大,可采取的措施()A.通入氯化氢B.加少量氢氧化钠固体C.加水D.升温9. 在一定温度下,将CO和水蒸气分别为1 mol、3 mol在密闭容器中反应:CO+H2O CO2+H2,达平衡后测得CO2为0.75 mol,再通入6 mol水蒸气,达到新的平衡后,CO2和H2的物质的量之和为( )A.1.2 mol B.1.5 mol C.1.8 mol D.2.5 mol10. 可逆反应2SO 2(g)+O2(g) 2SO3(g)达到平衡状态时,保持恒温恒容向容器中加入一定量的O2,下列说法正确的是(K为平衡常数,Q c为浓度商)()A.Q c不变,K变大,O2转化率增大B.Q c不变,K变大,SO2转化率减小C.Q c变小,K不变,O2转化率减小D.Q c增大,K不变,SO2转化率增大第II卷(非选择题)请修改第II卷的文字说明二、实验题11. 取少量Fe 2O 3粉末(红棕色)加入适量盐酸,发生反应的化学方程式:________________________,反应后得到的溶液呈________色。
张家口市蔚县中考化学一模试卷
张家口市蔚县中考化学一模试卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、选择题 (共10题;共20分)1. (2分)(2017·三明模拟) 下列变化中,属于化学变化的是()A . 酒精挥发B . 海水晒盐C . 湿法冶铜D . 冰雪融化2. (2分)在庆祝世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年庆典中,天安门广场上飘扬着很多红灯笼气球,经调查这些气球中充入了一种很安全的气体,你认为会是下列那种气体()A . 氦气B . 氢气C . 氮气D . 二氧化碳气体3. (2分)(2018·宝山模拟) 属于纯净物的是()A . 蒸馏水B . 可乐C . 大理石D . 稀硫酸4. (2分) (2019九上·青岛期中) 下列物质由分子构成的是()A . 氯化钠B . 金刚石C . 氮气D . 铜5. (2分)如图所示实验操作正确的是()A . 熄灭酒精灯B . 倾倒液体C . 气体验满D . 量取9.0mL液体6. (2分)对下列实验中出现的异常现象分析合理的是()A . 制取CO2气体时,始终收集不到CO2﹣﹣收集CO2的集气瓶没盖严B . 细铁丝在氧气中燃烧时,集气瓶底炸裂﹣﹣用于引燃的火柴过长C . 加热固体粉末时,试管破裂﹣﹣加热前没有将试管外壁擦干D . 验证空气中氧气含量时,进入集气瓶中的水少于﹣﹣红磷过量7. (2分)盐酸是一种主要的工业用酸,下列关于盐酸的叙述中,错误的是()A . 盐酸是氯化氢气体的水溶液B . 浓盐酸是黄色有刺激性气味的液体C . 人的胃液里含少量的盐酸,可以帮助消化D . 浓盐酸具有挥发性,在空气中会形成白雾8. (2分)下列离子能在pH=12的溶液中大量共存的是()A . K+、Na+、Cl﹣、NO3﹣B . K+、H+、SO42﹣、Cl﹣C . Na+、NH4+、NO3﹣、SO42﹣D . Ca2+、Cu2+、Cl﹣、NO3﹣9. (2分)下列各组微粒中,质子数和电子数都相同的是()A . F- , O2-B . Na+ , NH4+C . S2- , Cl-D . NH3 . Na+10. (2分)下列各选项中,实验操作不能够达到相应的实验目的是()实验目的实验操作选项A验证氧气能支持燃烧把带火星的木条伸到盛有氧气的集气瓶中B区分水和5%过氧化氢溶液将二氧化锰加到分别盛有两种液体的试管中C区分氮气和二氧化碳气体用燃着的木条分别放入盛有两种气体的集气瓶中D探究人体吸入的空气与呼出的气体中二氧化碳含量的不同常温下,同时分别向同体积的盛有空气样品和呼出气体样品的集气瓶中滴加相同滴数的饱和澄清石灰水,振荡A . AB . BC . CD . D二、非选择题 (共8题;共44分)11. (6分) (2017九·西夏期中) 用相应的化学用语填空.(1)保持水的化学性质的微粒________;(2)铁原子________;(3) 5个硫酸根离子________;(4)标出“H2O2”中氧元素的化合价________(5)由“CO(NH2)2”尿素的化学式得到的信息:宏观①________微观②________(各写一条)12. (5分) (2016九上·海原期中) 锂广泛应用于电池、贮氢等领域,锂在化合物中显+1价.如图是周期表中的信息及4种粒子的结构示意图.(1)从图A中数值获得的一条信息是________.(2) B、C、D、E中,________和________(填编号)属于同种元素;________(填编号)属于离子.(3) LiMnO2是一种电极材料,其中Mn的化合价为________价.13. (2分) (2015九上·沙市期末) 下列物质中:①澄清的石灰水②石墨③肥皂水④活性炭(1)可用于区别硬水和软水的是________ (填序号,下同);(2)可用于除去冰箱异味的是________.14. (4分)(2019·遵义模拟) 利用所学知识回答下列问题。
河北省张家口市蔚县一中2014届高三一轮测试地理试题
绝密★启用前蔚县一中2014届高三一轮测试地理试题注意事项:1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I卷(选择题)请修改第I卷的文字说明评卷人得分一、单项选择1. 读如下四幅经纬网图,回答四幅经纬网图中,A、B两点之间的距离相等的是()A.甲、丁B.甲、乙C.乙、丙D.丙、丁2. 有关城市的作用和服务范围的叙述,正确的是( )A.不同等级的城市,在区域内的作用基本相同B.不同等级的城市,服务范围的大小也不同C.不同城市的服务范围之间有明确的界线D.城市等级越高,数目也越多,服务范围也越大3. 下列城市的形成区位是位于河口处,水运、海运便利的是()①上海②南京③北京④大连⑤广州A.①② B.①④ C.④⑤ D.①⑤4. 某地洪涝过后,水位回落和干旱,出现大量适于某种害虫生活和繁殖的荒地、草滩,引发害虫灾害。
据此判断(1)~(2)题。
(1)材料中提到的“某种害虫”应为()A.老鼠B.蝗虫C.松毛虫D.黏虫(2)此种害虫大量繁殖的自然因素是()A.农作物众多B.害虫天敌少C.气象条件有利D.人类防害意识差5. “三北”防护林体系的主要功能是()。
A. 调节气候,美化环境B. 防风固沙,保护农田C. 净化空气,吸烟滞尘D. 为野生动物提供栖息地6. 湿润区的降水量一般()A.大于200毫米 B.小于800毫米,大于400毫米C.小于50毫米 D.大于800毫米7. 实行计划生育政策,使我国人口年龄结构发生的变化是()A. 老年人口比重下降B. 低年龄组人口比重下降C. 农村人口比重上升D. 男性人口比重上升8. 下图是“以极地为中心的某半球气压带、风带分布示意图”(箭头表示风向),据此回答1~2题。
11.图中⑥风带的风向为()A.东北风B.西南风C.东南风D.西北风2.当①气压带在此半球分布面积最小时,可能发生的地理现象是()A.地球公转速度较慢B.昼长上海大于广州C.巴西高原上草木茂盛D.恒河流域正值丰水期9. 读下图,回答1~2题。
河北省蔚县第一中学2024届高三第二次模拟考试化学试卷含解析
河北省蔚县第一中学2024届高三第二次模拟考试化学试卷考生请注意:1.答题前请将考场、试室号、座位号、考生号、姓名写在试卷密封线内,不得在试卷上作任何标记。
2.第一部分选择题每小题选出答案后,需将答案写在试卷指定的括号内,第二部分非选择题答案写在试卷题目指定的位置上。
3.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题(共包括22个小题。
每小题均只有一个符合题意的选项)1、一定压强下,向10 L密闭容器中充入1 mol S2Cl2和1 mol Cl2,发生反应S2Cl2(g)+Cl2(g) 2SCl2(g)。
Cl2与SCl2的消耗速率(v)与温度(T)的关系如图所示,以下说法中不正确...的是()A.正反应的活化能大于逆反应的活化能B.达到平衡后再加热,平衡向逆反应方向移动C.A、B、C、D四点对应状态下,达到平衡状态的为B、DD.一定温度下,在恒容密闭容器中,达到平衡后缩小容器体积,重新达到平衡后,Cl2的平衡转化率不变2、用“银-Ferrozine”法测室内甲醛含量的原理为:已知:吸光度与溶液中有色物质的浓度成正比。
下列说法正确的是A.反应①中参与反应的HCHO为30g时转移电子2molB.可用双氧水检验反应②后的溶液中是否存在Fe3+C.生成44.8 LCO2时反应②中参加反应的Ag一定为8molD.理论上测得溶液吸光度越高,HCHO含量也越高3、含有非极性键的非极性分子是A.C2H2B.CH4C.H2O D.NaOH4、化学与生活密切相关。
下列叙述错误的是A.疫苗因未冷藏储运而失效,与蛋白质变性有关B.天然气既是高效清洁的化石燃料,又是重要的化工原料C.“中国天眼”的镜片材料为SiC,属于新型有机非金属材料D.港珠澳大桥水下钢柱镶铝块防腐的方法为牺牲阳极的阴极保护法5、设N A为阿伏加德罗常数值。
下列有关叙述不正确的是A.常温常压下,1 mol氦气中含有的质子数为2N AB.l0g46%乙醇水溶液中所含氧原子数为0.4N AC.1 Ll mol/LNa2CO3溶液中,阴离子总数小于N AD.浓硝酸热分解生成NO2、N2O4共23g,转移电子数为0.5N A6、常温下,向盛50mL0.100mol·L-1盐酸的两个烧杯中各自匀速滴加50mL的蒸馏水、0.100mol·L-1醋酸铵溶液,测得溶液pH随时间变化如图所示。
河北省蔚县第一中学2014届高三上学期期中考试数学试卷
绝密★启用前注意事项:1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I 卷(选择题)请修改第I 卷的文字说明一、单项选择1. 已知集合},3125|{R x x x A ∈≤-≤-=,},0)8(|{Z x x x x B ∈≤-=,则A B =( )A .()0,2B .[]0,2C .{}0,2D .{}0,1,2 2. 已知函数2()f x x x c =++,若(0)f >0,()f p <0,则必有( ) A.(1)f p +>0 B.(1)f p +<0C.(1)f p +=0D.(1)f p +的符号不能确定 3. 已知25242sin -=α,⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-∈04,πα,则ααcos sin +等于( ) A .51-B .51C .57-D .574. 已知数列}{n a ,那么“*12()n n a a n +-=∈N ”是“数列{}n a 为等差数列”的( ) A. 充分而不必要条件 B. 必要而不充分条件 C. 充分必要条件 D. 既不充分也不必要条件5. 已知定义在R 上的偶函数()f x 满足(4)()f x f x -=,且在区间[0,2]上()f x x =,若关于x 的方A .)4,2(B .)22,2( C. D.6. 已知a =),sin ,23(αb =)31,(cos α且a ∥b ,则锐角α的大小为 ( ) A .6πB .3πC .4πD .125π 7. 设函数321()()2x f x x -=-,则其零点所在的区间为( ) A .(1,0)- B .(0,1) C .(1,2) D .(2,3)8. 椭圆221x my +=的焦点在y 轴上,长轴长是短轴长的两倍,则m 的值为(用)( )A .14 B .12C . 2D .4 9. 将长方体截去一个四棱锥,得到的几何体如右图所示,则该几何体的侧视图为10. 已知函数()f x 是定义在R 上的奇函数.若对于0x ≥,都有()()2f x f x +=,且当[)()()20,2log 1,x x x ∈=+时,f 则()()20122013f f +-=( )A.1B.2C.1-D.2-11. 已知A ?B,A ?C,B={1,2,3,5},C={0,2,4,8},则A 可以是( ) A .{1,2} B .{2,4} C .{2} D .{4}12.方程的两根都大于2,则m 的取值范围是 ( )A. B. C. D.第II 卷(非选择题)二、填空题13. 已知α是第二象限角,且2sin 3α=,则cos α=5)2(2=-+-+m x m x )4,(--∞)2,(--∞(]4,5--(]4,5)5,(--⋃--∞14. 已知()(2)(3)f x m x m x m =-++,()22x g x =-,若同时满足条件:①对于任意x R ∈,()0f x <或()0g x <成立; ②存在(,4)x ∈-∞-,使得()()0f x g x ⋅<成立.则m 的取值范围是 .15. 对正整数n ,设曲线)1(x x y n -=在2x =处的切线与y 轴交点的纵坐标为n a ,则数列}1{+n a n的前n 项和的公式是 .16. 若函数x x x f 3)(3+=对任意的0)()2(],2,2[<+--∈x f mx f m 恒成立,则∈x ___________.17. 已知等比数列{}n a 的首项18a =,令2log n n b a =,n S 是数列{}n b 的前n 项和,若3S 是数列{}n S 中的唯一最大项,则{}n a 的公比q 的取值范围是__________.18. 函数sin()(0)y x πϕϕ=+>的部分图象如右图所示,设P 是图象的最高点,A,B 是图象与x 轴的交点,则tan∠APB 等于三、解答题19. 小文家与学校相距1000米。
河北省张家口市蔚县一中2014届高三一轮测试英语试题(含答案)
绝密★启用前河北张家口蔚县一中2014届高三一轮测试英语试题注意事项:1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I卷(选择题)请修改第I卷的文字说明一、补全短文1. 1Home can be a great place for children to study. It’s important to provide a workspace of their own where they can read books or just write a letter to their friends。
● Location (位置)2 Kitchen and dining room are not so well suited for regular study, since books and pens get in the way of the day-to-day uses of those areas. Set up a place where a child can settle in and leave papers and pens at band without having to clear everything away each night. For a child that likes being alone, set aside a corner of his bedroom, but keep it separate from things like games, music and other hobbies not related to studying.● Keeping Thi ngs in OrderParents should encourage their child to spread out, but to leave it neat and orderly when he isn’t using his workspace. Ownership is very important for self-respect 3 The workplace should be personal, but not another part of the playroom.●4___Encourage the whole family to help build a supportive environment that children need for success in school. Give them a good example of how to deal with problems, how to manage time and get things done in the right way. 5 Study will be more enjoyable and effective when supported by the whole family.A. Attitude Is Everything.B. Bring Organization into Your Home.C. Here are several ways to choose a location.D. Building a Good Home Learning Environment.E. Hold a can-do attitude and your child will follow your example.F. Setting up a space in a common area of your home can be a good idea for children.G. A child who learns to organize his spare will carry organization into every corner of his life.第II卷(非选择题)请修改第II卷的文字说明二、单项选择2. Nowhere else in such a small town, I think _______ a book as good as this one.( )A.you get B.you can get C.can you get D.you will get3. It was Mr Zhang that helped us out of the trouble.Without his help,we________it so easily. A.can’t manage B.mustn’t have managedC.couldn’t have managed D.couldn’t manage4. In no country other than Britain, it has been said, ________ experience four seasons in the course ofa single day. ()A.people can B.you can C.can it D.can one5. Most of the movies directed by Zhang Yimou ________historical facts. ()A. is based onB. based onC. are based onD. basing on6. —Happy birthday,Mary! ()—Thank you!It’s the best present I for.A.should have wishedB.may have wishedC.must have wishedD.could have wished7. It’s really a ____________ for a teenager to study abroad after high school.A. challenge B.puzzle C.failure D.disadvantage8. Around two o'clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat ________ us. A.bothers B.had bothered C.would bother D.bothered9. These articles are written in simple language, _____ makes it easy to read. ()A.that B.this C.which D.it10. The result was far beyond __________ we had expected, ___________ brought great joy to everyone of us. ( )A. that; whichB. that; thatC. what; thatD. what; which11. ----Have you read the book Gone With the Wind?----Yes. I ______ it three times while I was in Tokyo. ( )C. was readingD. have read三、单词拼写12. Our teacher often tells us to try our best to overcome our ________ (缺点).13. An earthquake left the whole city in ________ (废墟).14. They decided to change for a set of f____________ furniture.15. Filled with ____________ (非凡的) strength, the boy struggled to his feet.16. He gave no reason for his a________ from the meeting.17. I’m longing for being a____________ to the exhibition, as I don’t know the way well.18. Because of the l time, each of us can only ask Professor Smith a question.19. Don’t worry. I’ve already __________ (安排) a car for your business trip.20. A great many houses were d_______ in the earthquake and many people became homeless.21. We want to (选举)our own chairman but the request was turned down.四、完形填空22. I once found out that doing a favor for someone could get you into trouble. I was in the eighth grade at ___1___ time, and we were having a final test. During the test, the girl next to me ___2___ something, but I didn’t quite catch it. ___3___ I leaned over her way and found out she was asking me if I could ___4___ her a pen. She showed me that hers was ___5___ ink and ___6___ not write. I ___7___ to have an extra one and I handed it to her.After the test papers had been ___8___, the teacher asked me to stay in the room. As soon as we were ___9___, she began to talk to me about ___10___ it meant to grow up, and how important it was to stand ___11___ your own feet. For a long time, she talked about the importance of ___12___ and the harm of cheating, she made me ___13___ that I would think seriously about what she’d said. I kept ___14___ for quite a while why she had to talk to me about all those things.Later, I found out that she ___15___ I had done some cheating in the test, and ___16___ answers from the girl’s test paper. I managed to ___17___ about the pen, but she said ___18___ seemed very wrong to her that I didn’t mentioned anything about it ___19___ she talked to me right after the test. I am sure she continued to believe that I had cheated in the ___20___ of the test.1. A. any B. a C. the D. one2. A. whispered B. shouted C. spoke D. talked3. A. But B. Because C. And D. So4. A. spare B. change C. share D. borrow5. A. without B. off C. out of D. lack6. A. would B. should C. must D. might7. A. used B. happened C. seemed D. found8. A. handed over B. handed out C. handed around D. handed in9. A. lonely B. together C. alone D. both10. A. that B. which C. what D. how11. A. on B. against C. with D. towards12. A. test B. study C. honesty D. trust13. A. agree B. promise C. insist D. allow14. A. discovering B. wondering C. finding D. understanding15. A. thoughtB. concluded C. recognized D. regarded16. A. copied B. judged C. found D. corrected17. A. quarrel B. explain C. argue D. prove18. A. that B. this C. it D. I19. A. the moment B. before C. after D. once20. A. end B. beginning C. course D. way23. A great many people become disappointed because they have unrealistic expectations.Walking up to a department store’s counter which sold cloth, a(n) 1 young woman said, “I am very fond of this cloth. How much does it cost?”2 at the beautiful girl, the smirking(假笑的) maleclerk replied, “Only one3 per yard.”4 by the harassment(骚扰), the woman replied. “That’s fine! I’ll take ten yards.”With happiness and 5 written all over his face, the clerk 6 measured out and 7 the cloth, then held it out teasingly, 8 forward to receive his “payment”.The woman snapped up(一把抢过)the package and 9 to a little old man standing beside her. “Grandpa will kiss you. He will pay the bill.” she 10 .The clerk was no 11 disappointed. In the course of living, many people are 12 when others do not 13 their expectations. Some expectations must be 14 in order to be happy. Three common 15 and unhealthy expectations many people hold are discussed below:Do not expect appreciation. When others say, “Thank you.” or in any way show their thanks, be happy. It is a 16 ! If not, don’t be sad.Do not expect others to make you 17 . They simply cannot do that. Make yourself happy and 18 your joy with others.Do not expect not to be let down. At times, people will simply not come through for you in the way you need. 19 them and move on.20 these three unrealistic expectations and you can begin to expect more happiness right away!1. A. talented B. determined C. attractive D. diligent2. A. Aiming B. Staring C. Glaring D. Shouting3. A. cent B. kiss C. smile D. dollar4. A. Delighted B. Disappointed C. Frightened D. Undisturbed5. A. sadness B. enjoyment C. expectation D. satisfaction6. A. quickly B. slowly C. patiently D. curiously7. A. wrapped B. took C. threw D. caught8. A. standing B. leaning C. sitting D. bending9. A. referred B. adjusted C. pointed D. appealed10. A. smiled B. begged C. waved D. whispered11. A. right B. use C. good D. doubt12. A. encouraged B. disappointed C. annoyed D. surprised13. A. satisfy B. demand C. complete D. require14. A. set B. dropped C. made D. expected15. A. reasonable B. proper C. unimportant D. unrealistic16. A. help B. gift C. hope D. talent17. A. angry B. sad C. happy D. surprised18. A. spare B. make C. share D. control19. A. Forgive B. Punish C. Blame D. Praise20. A. Come up with B. Get rid of C. Put up with D. Set foot on24. The requirements for high school graduation have just changed in my community.As a result,all students must 1 sixty hours of service learning, 2 they will not receive a diploma.Service learning is academic learning that also helps the community. 3 of service learning include cleaning up a polluted river,working in a soup kitchen,or tutoring a student. 4 a service experience,students must keep a journal(日志) and then write a 5 about what they have learned.Supporters claim that there are many 6 of service learning.Perhaps most importantly,students are forced to think 7 their own interests and become 8 of the needs of others.Students are also able tolearn real-life skills that 9 responsibility, problem-solving,and working as part of a team.10 ,students can explore possible careers 11 service learning.For example,if a student wonders what teaching is like,he or she can choose to work in an elementary school classroom a few afternoons each month.12 there are many benefits,opponents(反对者) 13 problems with the new requirement.First,they 14 that the main reason students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills.Because service learning is time-consuming,students spend 15 time studying the core subjects.Second,they believe that forcing students to work without 16 goes against the law.By requiring service,the school takes away an individual’s freedom to choose.In my view,service learning is a great way to 17 to the community,learn new skills,and explore different careers. 18 ,I don’t believe you should force people to help others—the 19 to help must come from the heart.I think the best 20 is one that gives students choices:a student should be able to choose sixty hours of independent study or sixty hours of service.Choice encourages both freedom and responsibility,and as young adults,we must learn to handle both wisely.1.A.spend B.gain C.complete D.save2.A.and B.or C.but D.for3.A.Subjects B.Ideas C.Procedures D.Examples4.A.With B.Before C.During D.After5.A.diary B.report C.note D.notice6.A.courses B.benefits C.challenges D.features7.A.beyond B.about C.over D.in8.A.careful B.proud C.tired D.aware9.A.possess B.apply C.include D.develop10.A.Gradually B.Finally C.Luckily D.Hopefully11.A.through B.across C.of D.on12.A.So B.Thus C.Since D.While13.A.deal with B.look into C.point out D.take down14.A.argue B.doubt C.overlook D.admit15.A.much B.full C.less D.more16.A.cost B.pay C.care D.praise17.A.contribute B.appeal C.attend D.belong18.A.Therefore B.Otherwise C.Besides D.However19.A.courage B.desire C.emotion D.spirit20.A.decision B.purpose C.solution D.result25. A certain good woman one day said something that hurt her best friend of many years.She __1__ immediately and would have done anything to have taken the words back.__2__ she said hurt the friend so much that this good woman was herself hurt __3__ the pain she caused.__4__ to cancel what she had done, she went to an older, wiser woman in the village, explained her situation, and asked for __5__.Listening to her, the older woman __6__ the younger woman's distress and knew she must help her.She also knew she could never __7__ her pain, but she could teach.She knew the __8__ would depend only on the character of the younger woman.She said, “Tonight,take your best feather pillows and put a single feather on the doorstep of each house in the town __9__ the sun rises.”The young woman hurried __10__ to prepare for her chore, even though the feather pillows were very __11__ to her.All night long,she labored alone in the cold.Finally the sky was getting __12__,she placed the last feather on the steps of the last house.Just as the sun rose, she returned to __13__. “Now,”said the wise woman, “Go back and __14__ your pillows with the feather you have put on the steps.Then everything will be __15__ it was before.”“You know that's __16__!The wind blew away each feather as fast as I placed them on the __17__!”The younger woman was surprised.“That's true,”said the older woman.“Never forget.Each of your __18__ is like a feather in the wind.Once spoken,no amount of effort, __19__ how heartfelt or sincere, they can never return to your mouth.Choose your words well and __20__ them most of all in the presence of those you love.”1.A.said B.felt C.regretted D.explained2.A.That B.Which C.Who D.What3.A.for B.as C.to D.of4.A.By means B.In an effort C.In addition D.On account5.A.question B.suggestion C.advice D.practice6.A.sensed B.touched C.smelt D.breathed7.A.raise B.release C.relieve D.rehearse8.A.outline B.outcome C.output D.outbreak9.A.until B.unless C.after D.before10.A.home B.south C.inside D.outdoors11.A.heavy B.brilliant C.colorful D.dear12.A.light B.dark C.rainy D.sunny13.A.her home B.the older womanC.her bedroom D.the feather pillow14.A.recite B.rebuild C.refill D.recycle15.A.with B.just C.like D.as16.A.impossible B.important C.imaginable D.immoral17.A.house B.doorsteps C.pillow D.bag18.A.action B.feather C.words D.behavior19.A.friendless B.regardless C.homeless D.hopeless20.A.guarantee B.secure C.maintain D.guard26. Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end. In many ways, this is 1 for the poor actors who are required to go on repeating the same 2 night after night. One would 3 them to know their parts by heart and 4 have cause to falter (结巴). Yet 5 is not always the case.A famous actor in a 6 successful play was once cast in the role of an aristocrat 7 had been imprisoned in Bastille for twenty years. In the last act, a gaoler (监狱长,看守) would always come on to the stage with a letter which he would hand to the prisoner. 8 the noble was expected to read the letter at each 9 , he always insisted that it should be written out in full.One night, the gaoler decided to play a joke 10 his colleague to find out if, after so many performances, he had managed to learn the 11 of the letter by heart. The curtain went up on the final act of the play and revealed (使暴露) the aristocrat sitting alone behind bars in his dark cell. Just then, the gaoler 12 with the precious letter in his hands. He entered the 13 and presented the letter to the aristocrat. But the copy he gave him had not been written out in 14 as usual. It was simply a blank sheet of paper. The gaoler looked on eagerly, 15 to see if his fellow actor had at last learn t his lines. The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds. Then, squinting (眯着眼看) his eyes, he said, “The light is 16 . Read the letter to me.” And he promptly h anded the sheet of paper to the gaoler. 17 that he could not remember a word of the letter either, the gaoler replied, “The light is indeed dim, sir. I must get my 18 .” With this, he hurried off the stage. Much to the aristocrat’s 19 , the gaoler returned a few moments later with a pair of glasses and the 20 copy of the letter which he proceeded (继续进行) to read to the prisoner.1. A. fortunate B. unfortunate C. happy D. unhappy2. A. lines B. words C. plays D. roles3. A. want B. ask C. expect D. wish4. A. always B. never C. sometimes D. often5. A. such B. the thing C. one D. this6. A. highly B. high C. poorly D. poor7. A. where B. what C. which D. who8. A. Because B. Even though C. When D. Though9. A. play B. performance C. role D. case10. A. with B. in C. on D. to11. A. pages B. joke C. lines D. contents12. A. appeared B. disappeared C. came out D. came in13. A. room B. cell C. stage D. office14. A. English B. French C. order D. full15. A. worried B. surprised C. anxious D. afraid16. A. bright B. dim C. dark D. out17. A. To see B. To find C. Seeing D. Finding18. A. glasses B. lines C. light D. letters19. A. surprise B. satisfaction C. anger D. amusement20. A. usual B. old C. unusual D. new五、阅读理解27. I had the meanest mother in the whole world. While other kids ate candy for breakfast, I had to have cereal, eggs or toast. While others had Cokes and candy for lunch, I had to eat a sandwich. As you can guess, my supper was different from the other kids’ too. But at least, I wasn’t alone in my sufferings. My sister and two brothers had the same mean mother as I did.My mother insisted upon knowing where we were at all times. She had to know who our friends were and where we were going. She insisted if we said we’d be gone an hour, then we should be gone one hour or less -- not one hour and one minute. And she always insisted upon us telling the truth. Now you can see how mean she was.The worst is yet to come. We had to be in bed by nine each night and up at eight the next morning. We couldn’t sleep till noon like our friends. So while they slept - my mother actually had the courage to break the Child Labor Law. She made us work. We had to wash dishes, make beds, and learn to cook. We had to wear clean clothes and take a bath every day. The other kids always wore their clothes for days. We reached the height of disgrace because she made our clothes herself, just to save money. I believe she laid awake at night thinking up mean things to do to us.Through the years, things didn’t improve a bit. We could not lie in bed “sick” like our friends did, and miss school. Our marks in sc hool had to live up to expectations. Our friends’ report cards had beautiful colors on them, black for passing, red for failing. My mother, being as different as she was, would be satisfied with nothing less than ugly black marks.As the years rolled by, first one and then the other of us was put to shame. We graduated from high school. With our mother behind us, talking, hitting and demanding respect, none of us was allowed the pleasure of being a drop-out.My mother was a complete failure as a mother. Out of four children, a couple of us attained some higher education. None of us have ever been arrested or divorced. Each of my brothers served his time in the service of this country. She forced us to grow up into God-fearing, educated, honest adults. I am now trying to raise my three children. I am filled with pride when my children call me mean. Why? Because now I thank God every day for giving me the meanest mother in the whole world.1. According to the article, the author’s mother will ask her children t o do all the following EXCEPT _________.A. eat as much candy as they wantB. wear clean clothes made by herC. be honest about what kind of friends they makeD. go to bed and get up at fixed times2. The author’s mother wanted her children to _________.A. be top students in school and graduate with honorsB. do their best at school and be educated and respected citizensC. stop seeing her friends who pretended to be sick to skip classesD. bring home colored report cards like her friends did3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?A. The author has a deep hatred for her mother.B. The author’s mother set timetables for her children whenever they went out.C. Some of the children weren’t able to go to college because of their mean mother.D. As a parent, the author is following her mother’s example.4. It can be inferred from the passage that________.A. All the other kids at school studied better than the author.B. The author worked hard and usually got good grades in studies.C. Mother was punished for breaking the Labor Law.D. The author’s family lived a miserable life.5. The passage was written in a way of ________ tone. A. hateful B. ridiculous C. critical D. humorous28. Mo Yan, a Chinese writer has won the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature, announced the Swedish Academy in Stockholm on Thursday. The win makes Mo Yan the first Chinese citizen to win the Nobel in its history. Informed of his win today, the author, who was having dinner at home, was “overjoyed and scared”.Born in 1955 to parents who were farmers, Mo Yan--a pen name for Guan Moye, grew up in Gaomi in shandong province in eastern China. At the age of 12, he left school to work, first in agriculture, later in a factory, In 1976 he joined the army and during this time began to study literature and writing.He published his first book in 1981, but found literary success in 1987 with Hong Gaoliang Jiazu, which was successfully filmed in the stone year, directed by famous Chinese director Zhang Yimou. In his writing, Mo Yan draws on his youthful experiences and on settings in the province of his birth and his works show the life of Chinese people as well as the country’s unique culture and folk customs. Mo Yan is known as a prolific (多产的)writer. In addition to his novels, he has published many short stories and essays on various topics. Despite his social criticism, be is seen in his homeland as one of the most famous contemporary authors. Dozens of his works have been translated into English, French, Japanese and many other languages.The awarding ceremony was held on December 10. Mo Yan won a medal, a personal diploma and a cash award of about $1 million.1. How did Mo Yan feel when he was told about the news?A. Excited and proud.B. Worried and cautious.C. Uncertain and shockedD. Happy and surprised..2. Mo Yan developed his ability for writing when he was ________.A. on a farmB. in a factoryC. in the armyD. in a school3. One of Mo Yan’s characteristics of writing is that he _________.A. explains difficult matters in simple wordsB. focuses on social problems in the countryC. writes about topics he is familiar withD. describes his characters in a unique way4. What’s the best title for this passage?A. Mo Yan Wins Nobel Prize in LiteratureB. An Introduction to Nobel PrizeC. How Mo Yan Gets Nobel PrizeD. A World Famous Writer, Mo Yan29. More and more we hear about people talking about karaoke (卡拉OK). But what on earth it is still remains a question for many people.Karaoke is a kind of acoustic equipment (音响设备) which was invented in Japan around the middle of the 1970's. It means in Japanese "a band without people". In face, it is just a music tape without words. This equipment first appeared in some public houses and small restaurants, and mainly for people to enjoy themselves. Most of the music in karaoke was popular music. So at times, when anyone felt like it, he might sing songs to the accompaniment (伴奏) of the music that came from the equipment. Shortly after its invention, karaoke spread to the whole world. It was introduced to China and was welcomed by many people. Although you are not a good singer, or even sometimes you may sing out of tune, you can always enjoy yourself by singing karaoke.1. We may conclude that the word "karaoke" is ().A. an English wordB. an American wordC. a Japanese wordD. a Chinese word2. The underlined word "band" means a group of people who().A. have a common ideaB. sing and dance togetherC. are fond of musicD. play music together3. From the passage we know karaoke is just a().A. tape or record with only music on itB. kind of record made in JapanC. set which joins a radio and a recorderD. machine which makes different records4. By playing karaoke people can ().A. enjoy free food and drinksB. get pleasure and moneyC. feel worried and anxiousD. enjoy themselves5.The main idea of this passage is().A. to show how wonderful the karaoke isB. to introduce a kind of music- karaokeC. to ask people to enjoy karaokeD. to introduce what is karaoke30. He lived his whole life as a poor man.His art and talent were recognized by almost no one.He suffered from a mental illness that led him to cut off part of his left ear in 1888 and to shoot himself two years later.But after his death,he achieved world fame.Today,Dutch artist Van Gogh is recognized as one of the leading artists of all time.Now,150 years after his birth on March 30,1853,Zundert,the town of his birth,has made 2003 “The Van Gogh Year” in his honour.And the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam,home to the biggest collection of his masterpieces,is marking the anniversary with exhibitions throughout the year.The museum draws around 1.3 million visitors every year.Some people enjoy the art and then learn about his life.Others are first interested in his life,which then helps them understand his art.Van Gogh was the son of a minister.He left school when he was just 15.By the age of 27,he had already tried many jobs including an art gallery salesman and a French teacher.Finally in 1880,he decided to begin his studies in art.Van Gogh is famed for his ability to put his own emotions into his paintings and show his feelings about a scene.His style is marked by short,broad brush strokes (绘画笔法).“Instead of trying to produce exactly what I have before my eyes,I use color more freely,in order to express myself more forcibly,” he wrote in a letter to his b rother in 1888.Van Gogh sold only one painting during his short life.He relied heavily on support from his brother,an art dealer who lived in Paris.But now his works are sold for millions of dollars.His Portrait of Dr Gachet was sold for $89.5 million in 1990.It is the highest price ever paid for a painting.“I think his paintings are powerful and the brilliant colors in them are attractive to people,” said a Van Gogh’s fan. 1.All through his life Van Gogh ________.A.depended on his brotherB.worked hard on his dreamC.was not recognized by peopleD.expressed himself in paintings2.Van Gogh killed himself because of ________.A.the poor lifeB.his illnessC.his pain from the left earD.the refusal by artists of his time3.One of the characteristics of Van G ogh’s paintings is ________.A.the likeness between his paintings and the realityB.the short time for him to complete a paintingC.the various styles mixed togetherD.the special strokes he made4.The selling of his paintings is considered to be the most successful because ________.A.more and more people like his paintingsB.people can understand him through his paintingsC.1.3 million people visit his painting museum every yearD.Zundert has made 2003 “The Van Gogh Year” in his honour5.We can infer from the passage that ________.A.his powerful art came from his poor lifeB.his fellow townsmen regretted treating him unfairlyC.all his paintings were drawn in the last 10 years of his lifeD.most of his paintings are kept in the museum of his hometown六、短文改错31. Using social-networking site has been a terrible dream for me.Over a year ago,I had learnedsomething about Super Girl Jane Chang's private life from a entertainer who had access to what was not shared with others.I wrote it on my MySpace page,meant to share it only between my friends.However,much to my surprise,I found it my post soon appeared on major entertainment websites,such as ,caused a lot of fierce argument.Fortunately,the person who made his article known didn't use my real name.Nevertheless,I would have been overcome by fans with uncontrollable emotion or considered trustworthy by my source.七、书面表达32. 写作假如你校要举办一次主题为“How to communicate with friends”的英语演讲比赛,请你用英语写一篇演讲稿。
高一化学上学期期中-蔚县学2013-2014学年高一上学期期中考试化学试题及答案试题02
绝密★启用前蔚县第一中学2013-2014学年高一上学期期中考试化学试题考试范围:xxx ;考试时间:100分钟;命题人:xxx1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I 卷(选择题)请修改第I 卷的文字说明一、单项选择1. 下列顺序排列正确的是( ) A .酸性:H 3PO 4>HNO 3>HClO 4 B .稳定性:H 2O>HF>H 2S C .原子半径:Na>Mg>O D .还原性:F ->Cl ->S 2-2. 下列微粒半径的比较中,正确的是( )A .Na +>NaB .Cl - >ClC .Ca 2+> Cl -D .Mg>Na3. 化学实验中的很多气体是用盐酸来制取的,这就导致了这些制取的气体中往往含有HCl 杂质,要除去HCl 杂质而得到纯净的目标气体,可用如图所示装置。
如果广口瓶中盛装的是饱和NaHCO 3溶液,则可以用于下列哪种气体的除杂装置是( )A .H 2B .Cl 2C .H 2SD .CO 2 4. 反应43NH (气)+52O (气)4NO (气)+6O H 2(气)在10L 密闭容器中进行,半分钟后,水蒸气的物质的量增加了0.45mol ,则此反应的平均速率v (X)(反应物的消耗速率或产物的生成速率)可表示为( )A. v (NH 3)=0.0100mol.L-1.s-1B. v (O 2)=0.0010mol.L-1.S-1C. v (NO)=0.0010mol.L-1.s-1D.v (H 2O)=0.045mol.L-1.s-1 5. 下列叙述正确的是( )pH减小B.K与N连接时,X为氯化钠,石墨电极反应:2H++2e- = H2↑C.K与M连接时,X为氯化钠,石墨电极反应:4OH- -4e- =2H2O+O2↑D.K与M连接时,X为硫酸,一段时间后溶液的pH减小6. 能在水溶液中大量共存的一组离子是( )A. K+、SO42-、Cu2+、NO3―B. Ag+、Fe3+、OH―、SO42―C. H+、I―、NO3―、SiO32-D.Na+、OH-、Cl-、HCO3-7. 将一定量锌与100mL 18.5mol/L H2SO4充分反应后,锌完全溶解,同时生成气体A 33.6L (标况)。
河北省张家口市蔚县一中2019届高三一轮测试化学试题(含答案)
绝密★启用前蔚县一中2019届高三一轮测试化学试题注意事项:1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I卷(选择题)请修改第I卷的文字说明一、单项选择1. 下列有关溶液的酸碱性与pH的说法错误的是()A.溶液pH越小,酸性越强,反之,碱性越强B.pH<7的溶液,可能呈酸性C.当溶液中的c(H+)或c(OH-)较小时,用pH表示其酸碱性更为方便D.把pH试纸直接插入待测溶液中,测其pH2. 人体细胞组织中含量最多的营养物质是()A.蛋白质B.糖类 C.脂肪 D.水3. 下列有关氯气的说法中正确的是()A.氯气的水溶液能导电,所以氯气是电解质B.干燥的氯气无漂白性,液氯具有极强的漂白性C.氯气能使品红溶液退色,且受热后溶液的红色不能恢复D.可用湿润的蓝色石蕊试纸来鉴别氯气中是否含有氯化氢4. 向Fe(OH)3胶体中逐滴加入一种液体,首先发生凝聚而沉淀,然后继续加入该液体时沉淀又消失。
这种加入的液体可能是下列中的()A.0.05 mol·L-1的H2SO4溶液B.0.05 mol·L-1的MgSO4溶液C.0.05 mol·L-1的KCl溶液D.蒸馏水5. 下列化合物均为天然萜类化合物:对这些萜类化合物叙述错误的是()A.a和c互为同分异构体B.a和b互为同系物C.a、b能与溴水反应D.一定条件下b能转化为a6. X、Y、Z、W是原子序数依次增大的四种短周期元素,甲、乙、丙、丁、戊是由其中的两种或三种元素组成的化合物,己是由Z元素形成的单质。
已知:甲 + 乙 = 丁 + 己,甲 + 丙 = 戊 + 己; 0.1 mol·L-1丁溶液的pH为13(25℃)。
下列说法正确的是()A.原子半径:W>Z>Y>XB.Y元素在周期表中的位置为第三周期第ⅣA族C.1 mol甲与足量的乙完全反应共转移了1 mol电子D.1.0 L 0.1 mol·L-1戊溶液中阴离子总的物质的量小于0.1 mo7. 如图所示,ΔH1=-393.5kJ·mol-1,ΔH2=-395.4kJ·mol-1,下列说法或表示式正确的是()A.石墨和金刚石的转化是物理变化B.C(s、石墨)===C(s、金刚石) ΔH=+1.9kJ·mol-1C.金刚石的稳定性强于石墨D.断裂1mol石墨的化学键吸收的能量比断裂1mol金刚石的化学键吸收的能量少8. 在RNH 2·H2O RNH3++OH-的平衡中,要使RNH2·H2O的电离程度及c(OH-)都增大,可采取的措施()A.通入氯化氢 B.加少量氢氧化钠固体 C.加水 D.升温9. 在一定温度下,将CO和水蒸气分别为1 mol、3 mol在密闭容器中反应:CO+H2O CO2+H2,达平衡后测得CO2为0.75 mol,再通入6 mol水蒸气,达到新的平衡后,CO2和H2的物质的量之和为( )A.1.2 mol B.1.5 mol C.1.8 mol D.2.5 mol10. 可逆反应2SO 2(g)+O2(g) 2SO3(g)达到平衡状态时,保持恒温恒容向容器中加入一定量的O2,下列说法正确的是(K为平衡常数,Q c为浓度商)()A.Q c不变,K变大,O2转化率增大B.Q c不变,K变大,SO2转化率减小C.Q c变小,K不变,O2转化率减小D.Q c增大,K不变,SO2转化率增大第II卷(非选择题)二、实验题11. 取少量Fe2O3粉末(红棕色)加入适量盐酸,发生反应的化学方程式:________________________,反应后得到的溶液呈________色。
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绝密★启用前 注意事项: 1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 第I卷(选择题) 请修改第I卷的文字说明 评卷人 得分 一、单项选择 1. 下列有关溶液的酸碱性与pH的说法错误的是( ) A.溶液pH越小,酸性越强,反之,碱性越强 B.pH<7的溶液,可能呈酸性 C.当溶液中的c(H+)或c(OH-)较小时,用pH表示其酸碱性更为方便 D.把pH试纸直接插入待测溶液中,测其pH 人体细胞组织中含量最多的营养物质是( ) A.蛋白质B.糖类C.脂肪D.水 下列有关氯气的说法中正确的是( ) A.氯气的水溶液能导电,所以氯气是电解质 B.干燥的氯气无漂白性,液氯具有极强的漂白性 C.氯气能使品红溶液退色,且受热后溶液的红色不能恢复 D.可用湿润的蓝色石蕊试纸来鉴别氯气中是否含有氯化氢 向Fe(OH)3胶体中逐滴加入一种液体,首先发生凝聚而沉淀,然后继续加入该液体时沉淀又消失。
这种加入的液体可能是下列中的( ) A.0.05 mol·L-1的H2SO4溶液 B.0.05 mol·L-1的MgSO4溶液 C.0.05 mol·L-1的KCl溶液 D.蒸馏水 下列化合物均为天然萜类化合物:对这些萜类化合物叙述错误的是( ) A.a和c互为同分异构体B.a和b互为同系物 C.a、b能与溴水反应D.一定条件下b能转化为a X、Y、Z、W是原子序数依次增大的四种短周期元素,甲、乙、丙、丁、戊是由其中的两种或三种元素组成的化合物,己是由Z元素形成的单质。
已知:甲 + 乙=丁 + 己,甲 + 丙=戊 + 己; 0.1 mol·L-1丁溶液的pH为13(25)。
下列说法正确的是 A.原子半径:W>Z>Y>X BY元素在周期表中的位置为第三周期第A族 C1 mol甲与足量的乙完全反应共转移了1 mol电子 D1.0 L 0.1 mol·L-1戊溶液中阴离子总的物质的量小于0.1 mo 如图所示,ΔH1=-393.5kJ·mol-1,ΔH2=-395.4kJ·mol-1,下列说法或表示式正确的是( ) A.石墨和金刚石的转化是物理变化 B.C(s、石墨)===C(s、金刚石) ΔH=+1.9kJ·mol-1 C.金刚石的稳定性强于石墨 D.断裂1mol石墨的化学键吸收的能量比断裂1mol金刚石的化学键吸收的能量少 在RNH2·H2ORNH++OH-的平衡中,要使RNH2·H2O的电离程度及c(OH-)都增大,可采取的措施( ) A.通入氯化氢 B.加少量氢氧化钠固体 C.加水 D.升温 在一定温度下,将CO和水蒸气分别为1 mol、3 mol在密闭容器中反应:CO+H2OCO2+H2,达平衡后测得CO2为0.75 mol,再通入6 mol水蒸气,达到新的平衡后,CO2和H2的物质的量之和为 A.1.2 mol B.1.5 mol C.1.8 mol D.2.5 mol 可逆反应2SO2(g)+O2(g) 2SO3(g)达到平衡状态时,保持恒温恒容向容器中加入一定量的O2,下列说法正确的是(K为平衡常数,Qc为浓度商)( ) A.Qc不变,K变大,O2转化率增大 B.Qc不变,K变大,SO2转化率减小 C.Qc变小,K不变,O2转化率减小 D.Qc增大,K不变,SO2转化率增大 请修改第II卷的文字说明 评卷人 得分 二、实验题 11. 取少量Fe2O3粉末(红棕色)加入适量盐酸,发生反应的化学方程式:________________________,反应后得到的溶液呈________色。
用此溶液分别做如下实验: (1)取少量溶液置于试管中,滴入几滴NaOH溶液,可观察到有红褐色沉淀生成,反应的化学方程式为__________________,此反应属于________。
(2)在小烧杯中加入20 mL蒸馏水,加热至沸腾后,向沸水中滴入几滴饱和FeCl3溶液,继续煮沸至溶液呈________色,即制得Fe(OH)3胶体。
(3)取另一只小烧杯也加入20 mL蒸馏水,向烧杯中加入1 mL FeCl3溶液,振荡均匀后,将此烧杯(编号甲)与盛有Fe(OH)3胶体的烧杯(编号乙)一起放置于暗处,分别用激光笔照射烧杯中的液体,可以看到________烧杯中的液体产生丁达尔效应,这个实验可以用来区别_____________。
(4)取乙烧杯中少量Fe(OH)3胶体置于试管中,向试管中滴加一定量的稀HI溶液,边滴加边振荡,会出现一系列变化。
①先出现红褐色沉淀,原因是__________________。
②随后沉淀溶解,溶液呈黄色,写出此反应的离子方程式:__________________________。
③最后溶液颜色加深,原因是__________________(用离子方程式表示)。
④用稀盐酸代替稀HI溶液,能出现上述哪些相同的变化现象________(写序号) 某化学反应2A(g)B(g)+D(g)在四种不同条件下进行,B、D起始浓度为0。
反应物A的浓度(mol/L)随反应时间(min)的变化情况如下表: 实验 序号时间浓度 温度01020304050601800℃1.00.800.670.570.500.500.502800℃c20.600.500.500.500.500.503800℃c30.920.750.630.600. 600.604820℃1.00.400.250.200.200.200.20根据上述数据,完成下列填空:⑴在实验1,反应在20至30分钟时间内用A表示表示该反应的平均速率为________。
⑵在实验2,A的初始浓度c2=____________mol/L,反应经20分钟就达到平衡,可推测实验2中还隐含的条件是_______________________________。
⑶设实验3的反应速率为v3,实验1的反应速率为v1,则v3_______v1(填“”),且c3_______1.0 mol/L(填“”)。
⑷比较实验4和实验1,可推测该反应是________反应(选填吸热、放热)。
理由是___________________________________________________________。
碳酸钙可以降低胃酸的浓度而被用作胃药的抗酸剂。
某中学研究性学习小组为测定一胃药中碳酸钙的含量,设计了如下的实验操作: ①配制0.1 mol·L-1的HCl溶液和0.1 mol·L-1的NaOH溶液各100 mL; ②取一粒(药片质量均相同)0.2 g的此药片,磨碎后放入烧杯中并加入20.0 mL蒸馏水; ③以酚酞为指示剂,用0.1 mol·L-1的NaOH溶液滴定,用去V mL达到滴定终点; ④向烧杯中加入25 mL 0.1 mol·L-1的HCl溶液。
(1)请写出正确的实验操作顺序(用序号表示): ________________________。
(2)在下图所示的仪器中配制0.1 mol·L-1的HCl溶液和0.1 mol·L-1的NaOH溶液肯定不需要的是(填序号)________,配制上述溶液还需要的玻璃仪器是(填仪器的名称)____________。
(3)配制上述溶液应选用的容量瓶规格是 _______________________________________________________________________mL。
(4)写出步骤④中发生的有关反应的离子方程式: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________。
(5)在进行步骤③时,判断到达滴定终点时的标志是 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________。
(6)每粒该胃药中含碳酸钙的质量是__________。
已知某混合气体的体积分数组成为80.0% CH4,15.0%C2H4和5.0% C2H6。
请计算0.500 mol该混合气体的质量和标准状况下的密度(g/L)。
取50.0mLNa2CO3和Na2SO4的混合溶液,加入过量BaCl2溶液后,得到沉淀14.51g,将沉淀用过量稀HNO3处理后,沉淀质量减少到4.66g,并有气体放出。
试计算: (1)原溶液中Na2CO3和Na2SO4的物质的量浓度; (2)产生气体的体积(标准状况下)。
A、J是日常生活中常见的两种金属,这两种金属和NaOH溶液组成原电池,A作负极;F常温下是气体单质,各物质有以下的转化关系(部分产物及条件略去)。
请回答以下问题: (1)写出原电池的负极反应方程式_____________________________________________。
(2)常温时pH=12的C溶液中,溶质的阳离子与溶质的阴离子浓度之差为________(写出计算式);相同条件下,等浓度的C溶液与CH3COONa溶液中,C的阴离子与CH3COO-浓度的大小关系:前者________后者(用“>”“<”或“=”表示)。
(3)写出②的化学方程式: ___________________________________________________。
(4)含A元素的某盐X常做净水剂,X做焰色反应时,透过蓝色的钴玻璃观察火焰呈紫色。
X的水溶液与NaHCO3溶液混合,反应的离子方程式为 ________________________________________________________________________。
已知A、B、C是三种常见的固体化合物,焰色反应均显黄色,其中A与C按任意比例混合,溶于足量的水中,得到的溶质只含有一种,并有无色无味的气体D放出。
另A、B、C、D之间有如图所示的转化关系(部分物质未写出): (1)写出下列物质的化学式: A________、B________、C________。
(2)写出A、B按物质的量之比1:1在密闭容器中加热发生反应的化学方程式:______________________。