2013年6月英语六级真题试卷(第3套)答案

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2013.06英语六级真题(第3套)

T o t a l s c o r e710T o t a l t i m e a l l o w e d130m i n s 2013年6月大学英语六级考试真题(第3套)P a r t I W r i t i n g(30m i n u t e s)D i r e c t i o n s:F o r t h i s p a r t,y o u a r e a l l o w e d30m i n u t e s t ow r i t e a n e s s a y c o m m e n t i n g o n t h e r e m a r kE a r t h p r o v i d e s e n o u g h t o s a t i s f y e v e r y m a n s n e e d.B u t n o t e v e r y m a n s g r e e d .Y o u c a n c i t e s o m e e x a m p l e s t o i l l u s t r a t e y o u r p o i n t.Y o u s h o u l dw r i t e a t l e a s t150w o r d s b u t n om o r e t h a n200w o r d s.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答㊂P a r t I I L i s t e n i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o n(30m i n u t e s)说明:2013年6月大学英语六级考试,全国共考了两套听力㊂本套(即第3套)的听力真题与第2套的完全一样,只是选项的顺序不一样而已㊂故本套不再重复给出听力试题㊂P a r t I I I R e a d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o n(40m i n u t e s) S e c t i o nAD i r e c t i o n s:I n t h i s s e c t i o n,t h e r e i s a p a s s a g ew i t h t e n b l a n k s.Y o u a r e r e q u i r e d t o s e l e c t o n ew o r d f o r e a c hb l a n k f r o m al i s to fc h o i c e s g i v e ni na w o r db a n k f o l l o w i n g t h e p a s s a g e.R e a dt h e p a s s a g et h r o u g hc a r e f u l l y b e f o r em a k i n gy o u r c h o i c e s.E a c h c h o i c e i n t h e b a n k i s ide n t if i e db y a l e t t e r.P l e a s em a r k t h e c o r r e s p o n d i ng l e t t e r f o r e a chi t e mo n A n s w e rS h e e t2w i t ha s i n g l e l i n e t h r o u g h t h e c e n t r e.Y o um a y n o t u s e a n y o f t h ew o r d s i n t h e b a n km o r e t h a n o n c e.Q u e s t i o n s36t o45a r e b a s e do n t h e f o l l o w i n gp a s s a g e.T h e c o n t i n u o u s p r e s e n t a t i o no fs c a r y s t o r i e sa b o u t g l o b a lw a r m i n g i nt h e p o p u l a r m e d i a m a k e su s u n n e c e s s a r i l y f r i g h t e n e d.E v e nw o r s e,i t 36o u r k i d s.A lG o r e f a m o u s l y d e p i c t e dh o wa s e a-l e v e l r i s e o f20f e e tw o u l d a l m o s t c o m p l e t e l y f l o o dF l o r i d a,N e w Y o r k.H o l l a n d,a n dS h a n g h a i,e v e nt h o u g ht h e U n i t e d N a t i o n ss a y st h a ts u c hat h i n g w i l ln o te v e n h a p p e n,37t h a t s e a l e v e l sw i l l r i s e20t i m e s l e s s t h a n t h a t.W h e n 38 w i t h t h e s e e x a g g e r a t i o n s,s o m e o f u s s a y t h a t t h e y a r e f o r a g o o d c a u s e,a n d s u r e l y t h e r e i s n oh a r md o n e i f t h e r e s u l t i s t h a tw e f o c u s e v e nm o r e o n t a c k l i n g c l i m a t e c h a n g e.T h i s 39 i sa s t o n i s h i n g l y w r o n g.S u c he x a g g e r a t i o n sd o p l e n t y o fh a r m.W o r r y i n g 40 a b o u t g l o b a lw a r m i n g m e a n s t h a tw ew o r r y l e s s a b o u t o t h e r t h i n g s,w h e r ew e c o u l dd o s om u c hm o r e g o o d.W e f o c u s,f o r e x a m p l e,o n g l o b a lw a r m i n g s i m p a c t o n m a l a r i a(疟疾) w h i c hw i l l p u t s l i g h t l y m o r e p e o p l e a t r i s k i n100y e a r s i n s t e a d o f t a c k l i n g t h e h a l f a b i l l i o n p e o p l e 41f r o m m a l a r i a t o d a y w i t h p r e v e n t i o n㊃1㊃a n d t r e a t m e n t p o l i c i e s t h a t a r em u c h c h e a p e r a n d d r a m a t i c a l l y m o r e 42 t h a n c a rb o n r e d uc t i o nw o u ld be .E x a g g e r a t i o na l s ow e a r s o u t t h e p u b l i c sw i l l i n g n e s s t o t a c k l e g l o b a l w a r m i n g.I f t h e p l a n e t i s 43 ,p e o p l ew o n d e r ,w h y d oa n y t h i n g ?Ar e c o r d54%o fA m e r i c a nv o t e r sn o w b e l i e v et h en e w sm e d i a m a k e g l o b a lw a r m i n g a p p e a rw o r s e t h a n i t r e a l l y i s .A 44 o f p e o p l e n o wb e l i e v e i n c o r r e c t l y t h a t g l o b a l w a r m i n gi s n o t e v e n .B u t t h ew o r s t c o s t o f e x a g g e r a t i o n ,I b e l i e v e ,i s t h e 45 a l a r mt h a t i t c a u s e s p a r t i c u l a r l y a m o n g c h i l d r e n .A na r t i c l e i n T h eW a s h i n g t o nP o s t c i t e dn i n e -y e a r -o l dA l y s s a ,w h o c r i e s a b o u t t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f m a s s a n i m a l e x t i n c t i o n f r o m g l o b a lw a r m i n g .注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答㊂A )p r e v a l e n t l yB )t e r r i f i e sC )e s t i m a t i n gD )m a j o r i t yE )e f f e c t i v e F )r i g o r o u s G )e x c e s s i v e l y H )m o r a l i t y I )s u f f e r i n gJ )c o n f r o n t e d K )q u a n t i t yL )d o o m e dM )u n n e c e s s a r yN )s u p pr e s s e s O )a r gu m e n t S e c t i o nBD i r e c t i o n s :I nt h i ss e c t i o n ,y o ua r e g o i n g t or e a d a p a s s a ge w i t ht e ns t a t e m e n t sa t t a c h e dt oi t .E a c h s t a t e m e n t c o n t a i n s i nf o r m a t i o ng i v e n i n o n e o f th e p a r a g r a p h s .I d e n ti f y t h e p a r a g r a p h f r o m w h i c h t h e i n f o r m a t i o n i s d e r i v e d .Y o um a y c h o o s e a p a r a g r a p hm o r e t h a n o n c e .E a c h p a r a g r a p h i sm a r k e dw i t ha l e t t e r .A n s w e r t h e q u e s t i o n s b y m a r k i n g t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g le t t e r o n A n s w e r S h e e t 2.AN a t i o nT h a t sL o s i n g It s T o o l b o x [A ]T h e s c e n e i n s i d e t h eH o m eD e p o t o nW e ym a nA v e n u e h e r ew o u l d g i v e t h e o l d -t i m eA m e r i c a n c r a f t s m a n p a u s e .I nA i s l e 34i s p r e c u t p l a s t i c f l o o r i n g ,t h e g l u ea l r e a d y in p l a c e .I n A i s l e26a r e p r e f a b r i c a t e d w i n d o w s .S t a c k e d n e a r t h e c h e c k o u t c o u n t e r s ,a n d a s c o l o r f u l a s a F i s h e r -P r i c e t o y,i s a n o t -s o -s e r i o u s -l o o k i n gp o w e rt o o l :ab a t t e r y -o pe r a t e ds a w -a n d -d r i l lc o m b i n a t i o n .A n dif y o ud o n tw a n tt od oi t y o u r s e l f ,h e a d t oA i s l e 23o rA i s l e 35,w h e r e ah e l p d e s kw i l l a r r a n ge f o r a n i n s t a l l e r .[B ]I t s a l l v e r y h a n d y s t u f f ,I g u e s s ,a c o n v e n i e n tw a y t ob e a d o -i t -y o u r s e l f e rw i t h o u t b e i n g al l t h a t g o o d w i t h t o o l s .B u t a t a t i m ew h e n t h eA m e r i c a n f a c t o r y s e e m s t o b e a s h r i n k i n g pr e s e n c e ,a n dw h e n g o o d m a n u f a c t u r i n g j o b s h a v e v a n i s h e d ,p e r h a p s n e v e r t o r e t u r n ,t h e r e i s s o m e t h i n g d e e p l y t r o u b l i n g ab o u t t h i s d i l u t i o no fA m e r ic a n c r a f t s m a n s h i p.[C ]T h i s i s n t a l a m e n t (伤感) o rn o tm e r e l y a l a m e n t f o rb y go n e t i m e s .I t sas o c i a l a n dc u l t u r a l i s s u e ,a sw e l l a s a n e c o n o m i c o n e .T h eH o m eD e p o t a p p r o a c h t o c r a f t s m a n s h i p s i m p l i f y i t ,d u m b i t d o w n ,h i r e a c o n t r a c t o r i s o n e s i g n a l t h a tm a s t e r i n g t o o l s a n dw o r k i n g w i t ho n e s h a n d s i s r e c e d i n gi nA m e r i c a a s ah o b b y ,a s av a l u e ds k i l l ,a s ac u l t u r a l i n f l u e n c e t h a t s h a p e d t h i n k i n g a n db e h a v i o r i n v a s t s e c t i o n s o f t h e c o u n t r y.[D ]T h a t s h o u l db e am a t t e r o f c o n c e r n i n a p r e s i d e n t i a l e l e c t i o n y e a r .Y e t n e i t h e rB a r a c kO b a m an o rM i t tR o m n e yp r o m o t e s h i m s e l f a s t o o l -s a v v y (使用工具很在行的)p r e s i d e n t i a l t i m b e r ,i nt h em o l do fa J i m m y C a r t e r ,a s k i l l e d c a r pe n t e r a n d c a b i n e tm a k e r .[E ]T h eO b a m a a d m i n i s t r a t i o nd o e sw o r r yp u b l i c l y a b o u tm a n uf a c t u r i ng ,a f i r s t c o u s i no f c r a f t s m a n shi p.W h e n t h eF o r dM o t o r C o m p a n y ,f o r e x a m p l e ,r e c e n t l y a n n o u n c e d t h a t i tw a s b r i n g i n gs o m e p r o d u c t i o n h o m e ,t h eW h i t eH o u s e c h e e r e d . W h e n y o u s e e t h i n g s l i k eF o r dm o v i n g n e w p r o d u c t i o n f r o m M e x i c o t oD e t r o i t ,i n s t e a do f t h eo t h e rw a y a r o u n d ,y o uk n o wt h i n g sa r ec h a n g i n g , s a y sG e n eS p e r l i n g,㊃2㊃d i re c t o r of t h eN a t i o n a l E c o n o m i cC o u n c i l.[F]A s k t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o no r t h eR e p u b l i c a n s o rm o s t a c a d e m i c sw h y A m e r i c a n e e d sm o r em a n u f a c t u r i n g, a n dt h e y r e s p o n d t h a t m a n u f a c t u r i n g g i v e s b i r t h t oi n n o v a t i o n,b r i n g s d o w n t h et r a d e d e f i c i t, s t r e n g t h e n s t h e d o l l a r,g e n e r a t e s j o b s,a r m s t h em i l i t a r y a n db r i n g s a b o u t a r e c o v e r y f r o mr e c e s s i o n.B u t r a r e l y,i fe v e r,d ot h e yp u b l i c l y t a k et h ea r g u m e n tas t e p f u r t h e r,a s s e r t i n g t h a ta g r o w i n g m a n u f a c t u r i n g s e c t o r e n c o u r a g e s c r a f t s m a n s h i p a n dt h a t c r a f t s m a n s h i p i s,i fn o t ab i r t h r i g h t,t h e na v i t a l i n g r e d i e n t o f t h eA m e r i c a n s e l f-i m a g e a s a c a n-d o,i n v e n t i v e,w e-c a n-m a k e-a n y t h i n gp e o p l e.[G]T r a d i t i o n a lv o c a t i o n a l t r a i n i n g i n p u b l i ch i g hs c h o o l s i s g r a d u a l l y d e c l i n i n g,s t r a n d i n g t h o u s a n d so f y o u n gp e o p l ew h o s e e k t r a i n i n g f o r a c r a f tw i t h o u t g o i n g t o c o l l e g e.C o l l e g e s,f o r t h e i r p a r t,h a v e s i n c e 1985g r a d u a t e d f e w e r c h e m i c a l,m e c h a n i c a l,i n d u s t r i a l a n d m e t a l l u r g i c a l(冶金的)e n g i n e e r s,p a r t l y i n r e s p o n s e t o t h e r e d u c e d r o l e o fm a n u f a c t u r i n g,ab i g e m p l o y e r o f t h e m.[H]T h e d e c l i n e s t a r t e d i n t h e1950s,w h e nm a n u f a c t u r i n g g e n e r a t e d a s t u r d y28%o f t h e n a t i o n a l i n c o m e, o r g r o s s d o m e s t i c p r o d u c t,a n d e m p l o y e do n e-t h i r do f t h ew o r k f o r c e.T o d a y,f a c t o r y o u t p u t g e n e r a t e s j u s t12%o fG.D.P.a n d e m p l o y s b a r e l y9%o f t h e n a t i o n sw o r k e r s.M a s s l a y o f f s a n d p l a n t c l o s i n g s h a v ed r a w n p l e n t y o f h e a d l i n e s a n d p u b l i c d e b a t e o v e r t h e y e a r s,a n d t h e y s t i l l o c c a s i o n a l l y d o.B u t t h e d a m a g e t o s k i l l a n d c r a f t s m a n s h i p t h a t sn e e d e dt ob u i l dac o m p l e xa i r l i n e ro ra t r a c t o r,o r f o ra w o r k e r t om o v eu p f r o ma s s e m b l e r t om a c h i n i s t t o s u p e r v i s o r w e n t l a r g e l y u n n o t i c e d.[I] I na ne a r l i e r g e n e r a t i o n,w e l o s t o u r c o n n e c t i o n t o t h e l a n d,a n dn o w w e a r e l o s i n g o u r c o n n e c t i o n t o t h em a c h i n e r y w ed e p e n do n, s a y s M i c h a e l H o u t,as o c i o l o g i s ta tt h e U n i v e r s i t y o fC a l i f o r n i a, B e r k e l e y. P e o p l ew h o w o r k w i t ht h e i rh a n d s, h e w e n to n, a r ed o i n g t h i n g st o d a y t h a tw ec a l l s e r v i c e j o b s,i n r e s t a u r a n t s a n d l a u n d r i e s,o r i nm e d i c a l t e c h n o l o g y a n d t h e l i k e.[J]T h a t s o n e e x p l a n a t i o n f o r t h e d e c l i n e i n t r a d i t i o n a l c r a f t s m a n s h i p.L a c k o f i n t e r e s t i s a n o t h e r.T h e b i g m o n e y i s i nf i e l d s l i k ef i n a n c e.S t a r t i n g i nt h e1980s,s k i l l i nf i n a n c e g r e wi ni m p o r t a n c e,a n d,a s d e p i c t e d i n t h en e w sm e d i a a n d t h em o v i e s,b e c a m e am o r e a p p e a l i n g s o u r c e o f i n c o m e. [K]B y l a s t y e a r,W a l lS t r e e t t r a d e r s,b a n k e r sa n dt h o s ew h od e a l i nr e a l e s t a t e g e n e r a t e d21%o f t h e n a t i o n a l i n c o m e,d o u b l et h e i rs h a r e i nt h e1950s.A n d W a r r e nB u f f e t t,t h e g o o d-n a t u r e df i n a n c i e r, b e c a m e ah o m e s p u nf o l kh e r o,w i t h o u tt h et o o l sa n d o v e r a l l s(工作服). Y o u n gp e o p l e g r o w u p w i t h o u t d e v e l o p i n g t h es k i l l st of i xt h i n g sa r o u n dt h eh o u s e, s a y sR i c h a r dC u r t i n,d i r e c t o ro f t h e T h o m s o nR e u t e r s/U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a nS u r v e y so fC o n s u m e r s. T h e y k n o wa b o u tc o m p u t e r s,o f c o u r s e,b u t t h e y d o n t k n o wh o wt ob u i l d t h e m.[L]M a n u f a c t u r i n g ss h r i n k i n gp r e s e n c eu n d o u b t e d l y h e l p se x p l a i nt h ed e c l i n e i nc r a f t s m a n s h i p,i fo n l y b e c a u s em a n y o f t h e n a t i o n s a s s e m b l y l i n ew o r k e r sw e r e s k i l l e d i n c r a f tw o r k,i f n o t o n t h e j o b t h e n i n t h e i r s p a r e t i m e.I n a l a t e1990s s t u d y o f b l u e-c o l l a r e m p l o y e e s a t aG e n e r a lM o t o r s p l a n t(n o wc l o s e d) i nL i n d e n,N.J.,t h e s o c i o l o g i s tR u t h M i l k m a no fC i t y U n i v e r s i t y o fN e w Y o r k f o u n d t h a tm a n y l i n e w o r k e r s,i n t h e i r o f f-h o u r s,d i dh o m e r e n o v a t i o n a n d o t h e r s k i l l e dw o r k. I h a v e o f t e n t h o u g h t, M s. M i l k m a ns a y s, t h a t t h e s e e x t r a c u r r i c u l a r j o b sw e r e a n e f f o r t o n t h e p a r t o f t h ew o r k e r s t o r e g a i n t h e i r d i g n i t y a f t e r s u f f e r i n g t h e d e g r a d a t i o no f r e p e t i t i v e a s s e m b l y l i n ew o r k i n t h e f a c t o r y. [M]C r a f t w o r k h a sh i g h e rs t a t u si n n a t i o n sl i k e G e r m a n y,w h i c hi n v e s t si n a p p r e n t i c e s h i p(学徒) p r o g r a m s f o r h i g h s c h o o l s t u d e n t s. C o r p o r a t i o n s i nG e r m a n y r e a l i z e d t h a t t h e r ew a s a n i n t e r e s t t ob e s e r v e d e c o n o m i c a l l y a n d p a t r i o t i c a l l y i nb u i l d i n g u p as k i l l e d l a b o r f o r c ea th o m e;w en e v e rh a dt h a t e t h o s(风气), s a y sR i c h a r dS e n n e t t,aN e w Y o r k U n i v e r s i t y s o c i o l o g i s tw h oh a sw r i t t e na b o u t t h e㊃3㊃c o n n e c t i o no f c r a f t a nd c u l t u r e.[N]T h e d a m a g e t oA m e r i c a n c r a f t s m a n s h i p s e e m s t o p a r a l l e l t h e s t e e p s l i d e i nm a n u f a c t u r i n g e m p l o y m e n t. T h o u g h t h e d e c l i n e s t a r t e d i n t h e1970s,i t b e c a m em u c h s t e e p e r b e g i n n i n g i n2000.S i n c e t h e n,s o m e 5.3m i l l i o n j o b s,o r o n e-t h i r do f t h ew o r k f o r c e i nm a n u f a c t u r i n g,h a v eb e e n l o s t.As t a t e d g o a l o f t h e O b a m a a d m i n i s t r a t i o n i s t o r e s t o r e ab i g c h u n ko f t h i s e m p l o y m e n t,a l o n g w i t h t h em u l t i t u d eo f s k i l l s t h a tm a n y o f t h e j o b s r e q u i r e d.[O]A s f o r c r a f t s m a n s h i p i t s e l f,t h e i s s u e i s h o wt o p r e s e r v e i t a s av a l u e ds k i l l i n t h e g e n e r a l p o p u l a t i o n. M s.M i l k m a n,t h es o c i o l o g i s t,a r g u e s t h a tA m e r i c a nc r a f t s m a n s h i p i s n td i s a p p e a r i n g a s q u i c k l y a s s o m ew o u l da r g u e t h a t i th a si n s t e a ds h i f t e dt oi m m i g r a n t s. P r i d ei nc r a f t,i t i sa l i v ei nt h e i m m i g r a n tw o r l d, s h e s a y s.[P]S o lA x e l r o d,37,t h e m a n a g e ro ft h e H o m e D e p o th e r e,f i t t i n g l y l e a r n e dt of i xh i so w nc a ra sa t e e n a g e r,e v e n c h a n g i n g t h eb r a k e s.N o wh e f i n d s i m m i g r a n t c r a f t s m e n g a t h e r e d i n a b u n d a n c e o u t s i d e h i s s t o r e i n t h e e a r l y m o r n i n g,w a i t i n g f o r i t t oo p e ns o t h e y c a nb u y s u p p l i e s f o r t h ed a y sw o r ka s c o n t r a c t o r s.S k i l l e dd a y l a b o r e r s,a l s om o s t l y i m m i g r a n t s,w a i t q u i e t l y i nh o p e s o f b e i n g h i r e db y t h e c o n t r a c t o r s.[Q]M r.A x e l r o da l s os a y s t h e r e c e s s i o na n d p e r s i s t e n t l y h i g hu n e m p l o y m e n th a v e f o r c e dm a n yp e o p l e t o t r y t o s a v em o n e y b y d o i n g m o r e t h e m s e l v e s,a n dH o m eD e p o t i n r e s p o n s e o f f e r s c l a s s e s i n f i x i n g w a t e r t a p s a n do t h e r s i m p l e r e p a i r s.T h e t e a c h e r s a r e s t o r e e m p l o y e e s,m a n y o f t h e mo l d e r a n d s e m i-r e t i r e d f r o ma s k i l l e d t r a d e,o r l a i do f f.[R] O u r c u s t o m e r sm a y n o t b eb u i l d i n g c a b i n e t s o r o u t d o o r d e c k s;w e t r y t od o t h a t f o r t h e m, M r.A x e l r o d s a y s, b u t s o m e a r e t r y i n g t o b u i l du p s k i l l s o t h e y c a nd om o r e f o r t h e m s e l v e s i n t h e s e h a r d t i m e s.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答㊂46.T h e a u t h o r b e l i e v e s t h a tm a n u f a c t u r i n g e n c o u r a g e s c r a f t s m a n s h i p.47.T h e a u t h o r f e l t t r o u b l e d a b o u t t h ew e a k e n i n g o fA m e r i c a n c r a f t s m a n s h i p.48.M a s t e r i n g t o o l s a n dw o r k i n g w i t ho n e s h a n d s s h a p e s p e o p l e s t h i n k i n g a n db e h a v i o r.49.A m e r i c a sm a n u f a c t u r i n g i n t h e1950s c o n s t i t u t e d28%o f t h e g r o s s d o m e s t i c p r o d u c t.50.T h e g o v e r n m e n tw e l c o m e d s o m e c o m p a n i e s d e c i s i o n t ob r i n g s o m e p r o d u c t i o nb a c k t oA m e r i c a.51.A s o c i o l o g i s tb e l i e v e st h a t A m e r i c a nc r a f t s m a n s h i p,i n s t e a do fd i s a p p e a r i n g,i sb e i n g t a k e nu p b yi m m i g r a n t s.52.A c c o r d i n g t o am a n a g e r o fH o m eD e p o t,p e o p l e a r e t r y i n g r i d e o u t t h e r e c e s s i o nb y b u i l d i n g u p s k i l l s.53.M a n y a s s e m b l y l i n ew o r k e r sd i dh o m e r e n o v a t i o na n do t h e r s k i l l e dw o r k i nt h e i ro f f-h o u r s i no r d e r t o r e g a i n t h e i r d i g n i t y.54.P e o p l e c a ne a r nm o r em o n e y i nf i e l d so t h e r t h a n m a n u f a c t u r i n g,w h i c h i sa f a c t o r c o n t r i b u t i n g t o t h ed e c l i n e i n t r a d i t i o n a l c r a f t s m a n s h i p.55.C o m p a r e dw i t h t h a t i nA m e r i c a,t h e s t a t u s o f c r a f tw o r k i n s o m e c o u n t r i e s i s h i g h e r b e c a u s e c r a f tw o r ki s e n c o u r a g e d a m o n g h i g hs c h o o l s t u d e n t s.S e c t i o nCD i r e c t i o n s:T h e r e a r e2p a s s a g e s i n t h i s s e c t i o n.E a c h p a s s a g e i s f o l l o w e d b y s o m e q u e s t i o n s o r u n f i n i s h e d s t a t e m e n t s.F o r e a c h o f t h e mt h e r e a r e f o u r c h o i c e sm a r k e dA),B),C)a n dD).Y o u s h o u l dd e c i d e o n t h e b e s t c h o i c e a n dm a r k t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g l e t t e r o n A n s w e r S h e e t2w i t ha s i n g l e l i n e t h r o u g h t h e c e n t r e.㊃4㊃P a s s a g e o n eQ u e s t i o n s56t o60a r e b a s e do n t h e f o l l o w i n gp a s s a g e.T h e r e p o r t f r o mt h eB u r e a uo fL a b o rS t a t i s t i c sw a s j u s t a s g l o o m y a sa n t i c i p a t e d.U n e m p l o y m e n t i n J a n u a r y j u m p e d t o a16-y e a rh i g ho f7.6p e r c e n t,a s598,000j o b sw e r es l a s h e df r o m U S p a y r o l l s i nt h e w o r s t s i n g l e-m o n t hd e c l i n es i n c eD e c e m b e r,1974.W i t h1.8m i l l i o n j o b s l o s t i nt h e l a s t t h r e e m o n t h s, t h e r e i s u r g e n t d e s i r e t o b o o s t t h e e c o n o m y a s q u i c k l y a s p o s s i b l e.B u tW a s h i n g t o nw o u l d d ow e l l t o t a k e a d e e p b r e a t hb e f o r e r e a c t i n g t o t h e g r i mn u m b e r s.C o l l e c t i v e l y,w e r e l y o n t h eu n e m p l o y m e n t f i g u r e sa n do t h e r s t a t i s t i c s t o f r a m eo u r s e n s eo f r e a l i t y. T h e y a r e a v i t a l p a r t o f a n a r r a y o f d a t a t h a tw e u s e t o a s s e s s i fw e r e d o i n g w e l l o r d o i n g b a d l y,a n d t h a t i n t u r n s h a p e s g o v e r n m e n t p o l i c i e s a n d c o r p o r a t eb u d g e t s a n d p e r s o n a l s p e n d i n g d e c i s i o n s.T h e p r o b l e mi s t h a tt h e s t a t i s t i c s a r e n t a n o b j e c t i v e m e a s u r e o fr e a l i t y;t h e y a r e s i m p l y a b e s t a p p r o x i m a t i o n.D i r e c t i o n a l l y,t h e y c a p t u r e t h e t r e n d s,b u t t h e i d e a t h a tw e k n o w p r e c i s e l y h o w m a n y a r e u n e m p l o y e d i s a m y t h.T h a tm a k e s f i n d i n g a s o l u t i o na l l t h em o r e d i f f i c u l t.F i r s t,t h e r e i st h e w a y t h ed a t ai sa s s e m b l e d.T h eo f f i c i a lu n e m p l o y m e n tr a t e i st h e p r o d u c to fa t e l e p h o n e s u r v e y o f a b o u t60,000h o m e s.T h e r e i s a n o t h e r s u r v e y,s o m e t i m e s r e f e r r e d t oa s t h e p a y r o l l s u r v e y, t h a t a s s e s s e s400,000b u s i n e s s e s b a s e do n t h e i r r e p o r t e d p a y r o l l s.B o t hs u r v e y sh a v e p r o b l e m s. T h e p a y r o l l s u r v e y c a ne a s i l y d o u b l e-c o u n t s o m e o n e:i f y o ua r e o n e p e r s o nw i t h t w o j o b s,y o u s h o wu p a s t w ow o r k e r s.T h e p a y r o l l s u r v e y a l s o d o e s n t c a p t u r e t h e n u m b e r o f s e l f-e m p l o y e d,a n d s o s a y s l i t t l e a b o u t h o w m a n yp e o p l e a r e g e n e r a t i n g a n i n d e p e n d e n t i n c o m e.T h e h o u s e h o l d s u r v e y h a s a l a r g e r p r o b l e m.W h e n a s k e d s t r a i g h t f o r w a r d l y,p e o p l e t e n d t o l i e o r s h a d e t h e t r u t h w h e nt h es u b j e c t i ss e x,m o n e y o re m p l o y m e n t.I f y o u g e tac a l la n da r ea s k e di f y o u r e e m p l o y e d,a n d y o u s a yy e s,y o u r ee m p l o y e d.I f y o us a y n o,h o w e v e r,i tm a y s u r p r i s e y o u t o l e a r n t h a t y o ua r e o n l y u n e m p l o y e d i f y o u v eb e e na c t i v e l y l o o k i n g f o rw o r k i n t h e p a s t f o u rw e e k s;o t h e r w i s e,y o u a r e m a r g i n a l l y a t t a c h e d t o t h e l a b o r f o r c e a n dn o t a c t u a l l y u n e m p l o y e d.T h eu r g e t o q u a n t i f y i se m b e d d e d i no u rs o c i e t y.B u t t h e i d e at h a t s t a t i s t i c i a n sc a nt h e nc a p t u r ea n o b j e c t i v e r e a l i t y i s n t j u s t i m p o s s i b l e.I t a l s o l e a d s t os e r i o u sm i s j u d g m e n t s.D e m o c r a t sa n dR e p u b l i c a n s c a na n dw i l l t a k es i d e so nan u m b e ro f i s s u e s,b u ta m o r ec r u c i a l c o n c e r n i s t h a tb o t ha r eb a s i n g m a j o r p o l i c y d e c i s i o n s o n g u e s s t i m a t e s r a t h e r t h a n l o o k i n g a t t h e v a s tw e a l t h o f r a wd a t aw i t h a c r i t i c a l e y e a n d a n o p e nm i n d.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答㊂56.W h a t d ow e l e a r n f r o mt h e f i r s t p a r a g r a p h?A)T h eU Se c o n o m i c s i t u a t i o n i s g o i n g f r o mb a d t ow o r s e.B)W a s h i n g t o n i s t a k i n g d r a s t i cm e a s u r e s t o p r o v i d em o r e j o b s.C)T h eU S g o v e r n m e n t i s s l a s h i n g m o r e j o b s f r o mi t s p a y r o l l s.D)T h e r e c e n t e c o n o m i c c r i s i s h a s t a k e n t h eU Sb y s u r p r i s e.57.W h a t d o e s t h e a u t h o r t h i n ko f t h eu n e m p l o y m e n t f i g u r e s a n do t h e r s t a t i s t i c s?A)T h e y f o r ma s o l i db a s i s f o r p o l i c y m a k i n g.B)T h e y r e p r e s e n t t h e c u r r e n t s i t u a t i o n.C)T h e y s i g n a l f u t u r e e c o n o m i c t r e n d s.D)T h e y d on o t f u l l y r e f l e c t t h e r e a l i t y.58.O n e p r o b l e m w i t h t h e p a y r o l l s u r v e y i s t h a t.A)i t d o e s n o t i n c l u d e a l l t h eb u s i n e s s e s B)i t f a i l s t o c o u n t i n t h e s e l f-e m p l o y e d㊃5㊃C)i tm a g n i f i e s t h en u m b e r o f t h e j o b l e s s D)i t d o e s n o t t r e a t a l l c o m p a n i e s e q u a l l y59.T h eh o u s e h o l d s u r v e y c a nb e f a u l t y i n t h a t.A)p e o p l e t e n d t o l i ew h e n t a l k i n g o n t h e p h o n eB)n o t e v e r y b o d y i sw i l l i n g o r r e a d y t o r e s p o n dC)s o m e p e o p l ew o n t p r o v i d e t r u t h f u l i n f o r m a t i o nD)t h e d e f i n i t i o no f u n e m p l o y m e n t i s t o ob r o a d60.A t t h e e n do f t h e p a s s a g e,t h e a u t h o r s u g g e s t s t h a t.A)s t a t i s t i c i a n s i m p r o v e t h e i r d a t a a s s e m b l i n g m e t h o d sB)d e c i s i o nm a k e r s v i e wt h e s t a t i s t i c sw i t ha c r i t i c a l e y eC)p o l i t i c i a n s l i s t e nm o r eb e f o r em a k i n gp o l i c y d e c i s i o n sD)D e m o c r a t s a n dR e p u b l i c a n s c o o p e r a t e o n c r u c i a l i s s u e sP a s s a g eT w oQ u e s t i o n s61t o65a r e b a s e do n t h e f o l l o w i n gp a s s a g e.A t s o m e p o i n t i n2008,s o m e o n e,p r o b a b l y i ne i t h e rA s i ao rA f r i c a,m a d e t h ed e c i s i o n t om o v e f r o m t h e c o u n t r y s i d e t o t h e c i t y.T h i sn a m e l e s s p e r s o n p u s h e d t h eh u m a nr a c eo v e r ah i s t o r i c t h r e s h o l d,f o r i t w a s i n t h a t y e a r t h a tm a n k i n db e c a m e,f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e i n i t s h i s t o r y,a p r e d o m i n a n t l y u r b a n s p e c i e s.I t i s a t r e n d t h a t s h o w s n o s i g n o f s l o w i n g.D e m o g r a p h e r s(人口统计学者)r e c k o n t h a t t h r e e-q u a r t e r s o f h u m a n i t y c o u l db e c i t y-d w e l l i n g b y2050,w i t hm o s t o f t h e i n c r e a s e c o m i n g i n t h e f a s t-g r o w i n g t o w n s o f A s i aa n dA f r i c a.M i g r a n t s t oc i t i e s a r e a t t r a c t e db yp l e n t i f u l j o b s,a c c e s s t oh o s p i t a l s a n de d u c a t i o n,a n d t h e a b i l i t y t o e s c a p e t h eb o r e d o m o f a f a r m e r sa g r i c u l t u r a l l i f e.T h o s e f a c t o r sa r em o r e t h a ne n o u g ht o m a k eu p f o r t h e s q u a l o r(肮脏),d i s e a s ea n ds p e c t a c u l a r p o v e r t y t h a t t h o s es a m em i g r a n t sm u s t o f t e na t f i r s t e n d u r ew h e n t h e y b e c o m eu r b a nd w e l l e r s.I t i s t h e c i t y t h a t i n s p i r e s t h e l a t e s t b o o k f r o mP e t e r S m i t h.H i sm a i n t h e s i s i s t h a t t h e b u z z o f u r b a n l i f e,a n d t h e o p p o r t u n i t i e s i t o f f e r s f o r c o-o p e r a t i o na n dc o l l a b o r a t i o n,i sw h a t a t t r a c t s p e o p l e t o t h e c i t y, w h i c h i nt u r n m a k e sc i t i e si n t ot h ee n g i n e so fa r t,c o m m e r c e,s c i e n c ea n d p r o g r e s s.T h i si sh a r d l y r e v o l u t i o n a r y,b u t i t i s p r e s e n t e d i n a c h a r m i n g f o r m a t.M r.S m i t hh a sw r i t t e n a b r e e z y g u i d e b o o k,w i t h a s e r i e s o f s h o r t c h a p t e r s d e d i c a t e d t o s p e c i f i c a s p e c t s o f u r b a n i t y p a r k s,s a y,o r t h e v a r i o u s s c h e m e s t h a t h a v eb e e n p u t f o r w a r do v e r t h e y e a r s f o rb u i l d i n g t h e p e r f e c tc i t y.T h er e s u l t i sas o r to fh i g h-q u a l i t y, u n u s u a l l y r i g o r o u s c o f f e e-t a b l eb o o k,d e s i g n e d t ob e d i p p e d i n t o r a t h e r t h a n r e a d f r o mb e g i n n i n g t o e n d.I nt h ec h a p t e ro n s k y s c r a p e r s,f o re x a m p l e,M r.S m i t ht o u c h e s o n c o n s t r u c t i o n m e t h o d s,t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y i n v e n t i o no f t h e a u t o m a t i c l i f t,t h e p r a c t i c a l i t i e s o f l i v i n g i n t h e s k y a n d t h e l i k e l i h o o d t h a t,a sc i t i e s b e c o m e m o r ec r o wde d,a p a r t m e n tl i v i n g w i l lb e c o m et h en o r m.B u tt h e r ei sa l s ot i m ef o rb r i e fd i ve r s i o n s o n t ob i z a r r e g r o u n d,s u c ha sad i s c u s s i o nof t h es k y s c r a p e r i n d e x(w h i c hh o l d s t h a t ab o o mi n s k y s c r a p e r c o n s t r u c t i o n i s a f o o l p r o o f s ig no f a n i m m i n e n t r e c e s s i o n).O n eo b v i o u s c r i t i c i s mi s t h a t t h e p r i c e o f b r e a d t h i s d e p t h;m a n y o fM r.S m i t h s e s s a y s r a i s e a sm a n y q u e s t i o n s a s t h e y a n s w e r.A l t h o u g h t h a t c a n i n d e e d b e f r u s t r a t i n g,t h i s i s p r o b a b l y t h e o n l y w a y t o t r e a t s o g r a n da t o p i c.T h e c i t y i s t h e b u i l d i n g b l o c ko f c i v i l i s a t i o n a n d o f a l m o s t e v e r y t h i n g p e o p l e d o;a g u i d e b o o k t o t h e c i t y i s r e a l l y,t h e r e f o r e,a g u i d e b o o k t oh o wa l a r g e a n d e v e r-g r o w i n g c h u n ko f h u m a n i t y c h o o s e s t o l i v e.M r.S m i t h sb o o ks e r v e sa sa ne x c e l l e n t i n t r o d u c t i o nt oav a s t s u b j e c t,a n dw i l l s u g g e s t p l e n t y o f f u r t h e r l i n e s o f i n q u i r y.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答㊂㊃6㊃。

2013年6月英语六级真题答案整理

2013年6月英语六级真题答案整理题目是norman borlaug1-7 DDBBCDC8-10 environmentalists, sustainable, the Green Revolution.11.Why she could not get through to him12. He has difficulty finding affordable housing13. A code number is necessary to run the copy machine14. He will stop work to take care of the baby15. The shopping center is flooded with people16. It will take longer to reconnect the computers to the Net17. She did see Prof. Smith on TV18. The man has to go to see his doctor again19. It is planning to tour East Asia20. A lot of good publicity21. Pay for the printing of the performance programme22. He might give up concert tours23. It can do harm to singer’s voice chords24. Many lack professional training25. Voice problems among pop singers26. It has not been very successful27. It increases parking capacity28. Collect money and help new users29. They will be discountable to regular customers30. Meat consumption has an adverse effect on the environment31. It lacks the vitamins and minerals essential for health32. Quit eating meats33. They do not admit being alcohol addicts34. To stop them from fighting back35. With support they can be brought back to a normal life36. Included 37. categories 38. similar 39. acquaintance 40. recently 41. volunteer 42. citiz en 43. indicative44. You believe you have leadership abilities and your boss put you in charge of a new work tea m45. He thought he was a good public official, but the voters obviously thought otherwise46. A student writes what he thinks is an excellent composition, but the teacher writes no encou raging remarks47.According to theauthor, a child’s musical ability has much to do with their motivation and practice48.In order to develop the musical ability of their children, many parents willaccompany them during their practice sacrificing a lot of then own leisure time49.Because of their father’s pressure and strict training, Michael Jackson andsome of his brothers and sisters eventually became musicians and dancers50.Michael’s extra drive for music was partlydue to the fact that he was treated as special byhis mother。

2013年6月大学英语六级考试真题(三)答案与详解

2013年6月大学英语六级考试真题(三)答案与详解Part ⅠWritingThe Impact of the Information ExplosionAs is known to us all, we are now living in the age of “information explosion”. That is, we are surrounded by much information. It is true that information explosion brings convenience to our life, but it also leads to the distraction of our attention.Just as the famous saying goes, “A wealth of information creates a poverty of attention.” .For example, there are so many advertisements on the Internet that we are easily distracted by the irrelevant information of the target website. In addition, the information itself is of various kinds, either healthy or violent. The bad information may even arouse violent crimes.Therefore, it is high time we adopted proper methods to avoid being distracted by irrelevant information. For one thing, we can make a list of key words about what we will search on the Internet. For another, we can set a time limit for the search of the target information. Thus, the search is more effective and time is saved greatly at the same time.PartⅢReading ComprehensionSection A答案详解：36、H)。

6月大学英语六级第3套真题及答案解析

6月大学英语六级第3套真题及答案解析2016 年6 月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as p eople’s daily lives. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) It is advertising electronic products.B) It is planning to tour East Asia.C) It is sponsoring a TV programme.D) It is giving performances in town.2. A) 20,000 pounds.B) 12,000 pounds.C) Less than 20,000 pounds.D) Less than 12,000 pounds.3. A) A lot of good publicity.B) Talented artists to work for it.C) Long-term investments.D) A decrease in production costs.4. A) Promise long-term cooperation with the Company.B) Explain frankly their own current financial situation.C) Pay for the printing of the performance programme.D) Bear the cost of publicising the Company's performance.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) He has been seeing doctors and counsellors.B) He has found a new way to train his voice.C) He was caught abusing drugs.D) He might give up concert tours.6. A) Singers may become addicted to it.B) It helps singers warm themselves up.C) Singers use it to stay away from colds.D) It can do harm to singers' vocal chords.7. A) They are eager to become famous.B) Many lack professional training.C) Few will become successful.D) They live a glamorous life.8. A) Harm to singers done by smoky atmospheres.B) Side effects of some common drugs.C) Voice problems among pop singers.D) Hardships experienced by many young singers.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) It has not been very successful.B) It has long become a new trend.C) It has met with strong resistance.D) It has attracted a lot of users.10. A) It saves time.B) It increases parking capacity.C) It ensures drivers' safety.D) It reduces car damage.11. A) Collect money and help new users.B) Maintain the automated system.C) Stay alert to any emergency.D) Walk around and guard against car theft.12. A) They will vary with the size of vehicles.B) They will be discountable to regular customers.C) They will be lower than conventional parking.D) They will be reduced if paid in cash.Passage TwoQuestions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.13. A) They do not know any solution.B) They do not give up drunk driving.C) They do not behave in public places.D) They do not admit being alcohol addicts.14. A) To stop them from fighting back.B) To thank them for their hospitality.C) To teach them the European lifestyle.D) To relieve their pains and sufferings.15. A) Without intervention they will be a headache to the nation.B) With support they can be brought back to a normal life.C) They readily respond to medical treatment.D) They pose a serious threat to social stability.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Recording OneQuestions 16 to 19 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) To award them for their hard work.B) To build common views.C) To bring in business projects.D) To vote for action.17. A) Recovering from the Great Recession.B) Creating jobs and boosting the economy.C) Rewarding innovative businesses.D) Launching economic campaigns.18. A) Talking over paying off deficit.B) Increasing the number of middle class.C) Controlling the impact on education.D) Planning to reduce energy consumption.19. A) Shorten America's way to prosperity.B) Be cautious about reducing the deficit.C) Increase deficit to cover the revenue.D) Require the richest to pay more taxes.Recording TwoQuestions 20 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.20. A) They can be redeemed for cash.B) They can be used to reduce meal costs.C) They can be used as membership certificate.D) They can be used to make reservations.21. A) It is free for us to download the app.B) It helps you to be a professional cook.C) It provides advice about making recipes.D) It only rates recipes by popularity.22. A) By showing the weight of 200 kinds of food.B) By providing the price of 200 calories of food.C) By picturing the food of 200 calories with weights.D) By telling people 200 kinds of healthy food.Recording ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. A) About 43 percent of American adults.B) About 18 percent of the whole population.C) About 40 million American adults.D) About a half million people in America.24. A) To set a series of bans on public smoking.B) To set the price of cigarettes properly.C) To package the cigarettes with tips of warning.D) To reduce the production and supply of cigarettes.25. A) The office of the Surgeon General.B) The Food and Drug Administration.C) The Center for T obacco Products.D) The Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Directions:Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Let’s say you love roller-skating. Just the thought of 26 on your roller-skates brings a smile to your face. You also know that roller-skating is excellent exercise. You have a 27 attitude toward it.This description of roller-skating 28 the three components of an attitude: affect, cognition, and behavior. You love the activity; it’s great fun. These feelings 29 the affective or e motional component; they are an important ingredient in attitudes. The knowledge we have about the object constitutes the cognitive component of an attitude. You understand the health 30 that the activity can bring. Finally, attitudes have a behavioral component. Our attitudes 31 us to go outside to enjoy roller-skating.Now, we don’t want to leave you with the32 that these three components always work together 33 . They don’t; sometimes they clash. For example, let’s say you love pizza (affective component); however, you have high cholesterol andunderstand (knowledge component) that eating pizza may be bad for your health. Which behavior will your attitude result in, eating pizza or 34 it The answer depends on which component happens to be stronger. If you are walking past a pizza restaurant at lunchtime, your emotions and feelings probably will be stronger than your knowledge that pizza may not be the best food for your health. In that instance, you have pizza for lunch. If you are at home trying to decide where to go for dinner, however, the knowledge component may 35 , and you decide to go where you can eat a healthier meal.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。

2024年6月大学英语六级考试真题和答案(第3套)

2024年6月大学英语六级考试真题和答案（第3套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence “Nowadays, cultivating independent learning ability is becoming increasingly crucial for personal development.” You can make comments, cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.You should copy the sentence given in quotes at the beginning of your essay.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Read numerous comments users put online.B) Blended all his food without using a machine.C) Searched for the state-of-the-art models of blenders.D) Did thorough research on the price of kitchen appliances.2. A) Eating any blended food.B) Buying a blender herself.C) Using machines to do her cooking.D) Making soups and juices for herself.3. A) Cooking every meal creatively in the kitchen.B) Paying due attention to his personal hygiene.C) Eating breakfast punctually every morning.D) Making his own fresh fruit juice regularly.4. A) One-tenth of it is sugar.B) It looks healthy and attractive.C) One’s fancy may be tickled by it.D) It contains an assortment of nutrients.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) How he has made himself popular as the mayor of Berkton.B) How the residents will turn Berkton into a tourist attraction.C) How charming he himself considers the village of Berkton to be.D) How he has led people of Berkton to change the village radically.6. A) It was developed only to a limited extent.B) It was totally isolated as a sleepy village.C) It was relatively unknown to the outside.D) It was endowed with rare natural resources.7. A) The people in Berkton were in a harmonious atmosphere.B) The majority of residents lived in harmony with their neighbors.C) The majority of residents enjoyed cosy housing conditions.D) All the houses in Berkton looked aesthetically similar.8. A) They have helped boost the local economy.B) They have made the residents unusually proud.C) They have contributed considerably to its popularity.D) They have brought happiness to everyone in the village.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) They have created the smallest remote-controlled walking robot in the world.B) They are going to publish their research findings in the journal Science Robotics.C) They are the first to build a robot that can bend, crawl, walk, turn and even jump.D) They are engaged in research on a remote-controlled robot which uses special power.10. A) It changes its shape by complex hardware.B) It is operated by a special type of tiny motor.C) It moves from one place to another by memory.D) It is powered by the elastic property of its body.11. A) Replace humans in exploratory tasks.B) Perform tasks in tightly confined spaces.C) Explore the structure of clogged arteries.D) Assist surgeons in highly complex surgery.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) She threw up in the bathroom.B) She slept during the entire ride.C) She dozed off for a few minutes.D) She boasted of her marathon race.13. A) They are mostly immune to cognitive impairment.B) They can sleep soundly during a rough ride at sea.C) They are genetically determined to need less sleep.D) They constitute about 13 percent of the population.14. A) Whether there is a way to reach elite status.B) Whether it is possible to modify one’s genes.C) Whether having a baby impacts one’s passion.D) Whether one can train themselves to sleep less.15. A) It is in fact quite possible to nurture a passion for sleep.B) Babies can severely disrupt their parents’ sleep patterns.C) Being forced to rise early differs from being an early bird.D) New parents are forced to jump out of bed at the crack of dawn.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. 16. A) We have poor awareness of how many controversial issues are being debated.B) No one knows better than yourself what you are thinking about at the moment.C) No one can change your opinions more than those who speak in a convincing tone.D) We are likely to underestimate how much we can be swayed by a convincing article.17. A) Their belief about physical punishment changed.B) Their memory pushed them toward a current belief.C) The memory of their initial belief came back to them.D) Their experiences of physical punishment haunted them.18. A) They apparently have little to do with moderate beliefs.B) They don’t reflect the changes of view on physical punishment.C) They may not apply to changes to extreme or deeply held beliefs.D) They are unlikely to alter people’s position without more evidence.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) American moms have been increasingly inclined to live alone.B) The American population has been on the rise in the past 25 years.C) American motherhood has actually been on the decline.D) The fertility rates in America have in fact been falling sharply.20. A) More new mothers tend to take greater care of their children.B) More new mothers are economically able to raise children.C) A larger proportion of women take pride in their children.D) A larger proportion of women really enjoy motherhood.21. A) The meaning of motherhood has changed considerably.B) More and more mothers go shopping to treat themselves.C) More mothers have adult children celebrating the holiday.D) The number of American mothers has been growing steadily.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) Add to indoor toxic pollutants.B) Absorb poisonous chemicals.C) Beautify the home environment.D) Soak up surrounding moisture.23. A) NASA did experiments in sealed containers resembling thesuper-insulated offices of 1970s.B) It was based on experiments under conditions unlike those in most homes or offices.C) NASA conducted tests in outer space whose environment is different from ours.D) It drew its conclusion without any contrastive data from other experiments.24. A) Natural ventilation proves much more efficient for cleaning the air than house plants.B) House plants disperse chemical compounds more quickly with people moving around.C) Natural ventilation turns out to be most effective with doors and windows wide open.D) House plants in a normal environment rarely have any adverse impact on the air.25. A) The root cause for misinterpretations of scientific findings.B) The difficulty in understanding what’s actually happening.C) The steps to be taken in arriving at any conclusion with certainty.D) The necessity of continually re-examining and challenging findings.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.A rainbow is a multi-colored, arc-shaped phenomenon that can appearin the sky. The colors of a rainbow are produced by the reflectionand____26____of light through water droplets (小滴) present in the atmosphere. An observer may____27____a rainbow to be located either near or far away, but this phenomenon is not actually located at any specific spot. Instead, the appearance of a rainbow depends entirely upon the position of the observer in____28____to the direction of light. In essence, a rainbow is an____29____illusion.Rainbows present a____30____made up of seven colors in a specific order. In fact, school children in many English-speaking countries are taught to remember the name “Roy G. Biv” as an aid for remembering the colors of a rainbow and their order. “Roy G. Biv”____31____for: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. The outer edge of the rainbow arc is red, while the inner edge is violet.A rainbow is formed when light (generally sunlight) passes through water droplets____32____in the atmosphere. The light waves change direction as they pass through the water droplets, resulting in two processes: reflection and refraction (折射). When light reflects off a water droplet, it simply____33____back in the opposite direction from where it____34____. When light refracts, it takes a different direction. Some individuals refer to refracted light as “bent light waves.” A rainbow is formed because white light enters the water droplet, where it bends in several different directions. When these bent light waves reach the other side of the water droplet, they reflect back out of the droplet instead of____35____passing through the water. Since the white light is separated inside of the water, the refracted light appears as separate colors to the human eye.A) bouncesB) completelyC) dispersionD) eccentricE) hangingF) opticalG) originatesH) perceiveI) permeatesJ) ponderK) precedingL) recklesslyM) relationN) spectrumO) standsSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with tenstatements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Blame your worthless workdays on meeting recovery syndromeA) Phyllis Hartman knows what it’s like to make one’s way through the depths of office meeting hell. Managers at one of her former human resources jobs arranged so many meetings that attendees would fall asleep at the table or intentionally arrive late. With hours of her day blocked up with unnecessary meetings, she was often forced to make up her work during overtime. “I was actually working more hours than I probably would have needed to get the work done,” says Hartman, who is founder and president of PGHR Consulting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.B) She isn’t alone in her frustration. Between 11 million and 55 million meetings are held each day in the United States, costing most organisations between 7% and 15% of their personnel budgets. Every week, employees spend about six hours in meetings, while the average manager meets for a staggering 23 hours.C) And though experts agree that traditional meetings are essential for making certain decisions and developing strategy, some employees view them as one of the most unnecessary parts of the workday. The result is not only hundreds of billions of wasted dollars, but an annoyance of what organisational psychologists call “meeting recovery syndrome (MRS)”: time spent cooling off and regaining focus after a useless meeting. If you run to the office kitchen to get some relief with colleagues after a frustrating meeting,you’re likely experiencing meeting recovery syndrome.D) Meeting recovery syndrome is a concept that should be familiar to almost anyone who has held a formal job. It isn’t ground-breaking to say workers feel fatigued after a meeting, but only in recent decades have scientists deemed the condition worthy of further investigation. With its links to organisational efficiency and employee wellbeing, MRS has attracted the attention of psychologists aware of the need to understand its precise causes and cures.E) Today, in so far as researchers can hypothesise, MRS is most easily understood as a slow renewal of finite mental and physical resources. When an employee sits through an ineffective meeting their brain power is essentially being drained away. Meetings drain vitality if they last too long, fail to engage employees or turn into one-sided lectures. The conservation of resources theory, originally proposed in 1989 by Dr. Stevan Hobfoll, states that psychological stress occurs when a person’s resources are threatened or lost. When resources are low, a person will shift into defence to conserve their remaining supply. In the case ofoffice meetings, where some of employees’ most valuable resources are their focus, alertness and motivation, this can mean an abrupt halt in productivity as they take time to recover.F) As humans, when we transition from one task to another on the job —say from sitting in a meeting to doing normal work—it takes an effortful cognitive switch. We must detach ourselves from the previous task and expend significant mental energy to move on. If we are already drained to dangerous levels, then making the mental switch to the next thing is extra tough. It’s common to see people cyber-loafing after a frustrating meeting, going and getting coffee, interrupting a colleague and telling them about the meeting, and so on.G) Each person’s ability to recover from horrible meetings is different. Some can bounce back quickly, while others carry their fatigue until the end of the workday. Yet while no formal MRS studies are currently underway, one can loosely speculate on the length of an average employee’s lag time. Switching tasks in a non-MRS condition takes about 10 to 15 minutes. With MRS, it may take as long as 45 minutes on average. It’s even worse when a worker has several meetings that are separated by 30 minutes. “Not enough time to transition in a non-MRS situation to get anything done, and in an MRS situation, not quite enough time to recover for the next meeting,” says researcher Joseph Allen. “Then, add the compounding of back-to-back bad meetings and we may have an epidemic on our hands.”H) In an effort to combat the side effects of MRS, Allen, along with researcher Joseph Mroz and colleagues at the University of Nebraska-Omaha, published a study detailing the best ways to avoid common traps, including a concise checklist of do’s and don’ts applicable to any workplace. Drawing from around 200 papers to compile their comprehensive list, Mroz and his team may now hold a remedy to the largely undefined problem of MRS.I) Mroz says a good place to start is asking ourselves if our meetings are even necessary in the first place. If all that’s on the agenda is a quick catch-up, or some non-urgent information sharing, it may better suit the group to send around an email instead. “The second thing I would always recommend is keep the meeting as small as possible,” says Mroz. “If they don’t actually have some kind of immediate input, then they can follow up later. They don’t need to be sitting in this hour-long meeting.” Less time in meetings would ultimately lead to more employee engagement in the meetings they do attend, which experts agree is a proven remedy for MRS.J) Employees also feel taxed when they are invited together to meetings that don’t inspire participation, says Cliff Scott, professor of organisational science. It takes precious time for them to vent their emotions, complain and try to regain focus after a pointless meeting—one of the main traps of MRS. Over time as employees find themselves tied up in more and more unnecessary meetings—and thus dealing with increasing lag times from MRS—the waste of workday hours can feel insulting.K) Despite the relative scarcity of research behind the subject, Hartman has taught herself many of the same tricks suggested in Mroz’s study, and has come a long way since her days of being stuck with unnecessary meetings. The people she invites to meetings today include not just the essential employees, but also representatives from every department that might have a stake in the issue at hand. Managers like her, who seek input even from non-experts to shape their decisions, can find greater support and cooperation from their workforce, she says.L) If an organisation were to apply all 22 suggestions from Mroz and Allen’s findings, the most noticeable difference would be a stark decrease in the total number of meetings on the schedule, Mroz says. Lesstime in meetings would ultimately lead to increased productivity,which is the ultimate objective of convening a meeting. While none of the counter-MRS ideas have been tested empirically yet, Allen says one trick with promise is for employees to identify things that quickly change their mood from negative to positive. As simple as it sounds, finding a personal happy place, going there and then coming straight back to work might be key to facilitating recovery.M) Leaders should see also themselves as “stewards of everyone else’s valuable time”, adds Steven Rogelberg, author of The Surprising Science of Meetings. Having the skills to foresee potential traps and treat employees’ endurance with care allows leaders to provide effective short-term deterrents to MRS.N) Most important, however, is for organisations to awaken to the concept of meetings being flexible, says Allen. By reshaping the way they prioritise employees’ time, companies can eliminate the very sources of MRS in their tracks.36. Although employees are said to be fatigued by meetings, the condition has not been considered worthy of further research until recently. 37. Mroz and his team compiled a list of what to do and what not to do to remedy the problem of MRS.38. Companies can get rid of the root cause of MRS if they give priority to workers’ time.39. If workers are exhausted to a dangerous degree, it is extremely hard for them to transition to the next task.40. Employees in America spend a lot of time attending meetings while the number of hours managers meet is several times more.41. Phyllis Hartman has learned by herself many of the ways Mroz suggested in his study and made remarkable success in freeing herself fromunnecessary meetings.42. When meetings continue too long or don’t engage employees, they deplete vitality.43. When the time of meetings is reduced, employees will be more engaged in the meetings they do participate in.44. Some employees consider meetings one of the most dispensable parts of the workday.45. According to Mroz, if all his suggestions were applied, a very obvious change would be a steep decrease in the number of meetings scheduled.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Sarcasm and jazz have something surprisingly in common: You know them when you hear them. Sarcasm is mostly understood through tone of voice, which is used to portray the opposite of the literal words. For example, when someone says, “Well, that’s exactly what I need right now,” their tone can tell you it’s not what they need at all.Most frequently, sarcasm highlights an irritation or is, quite simply, mean.If you want to be happier and improve your relationships, cut out sarcasm. Why? Because sarcasm is actually hostility disguised as humor.Despite smiling outwardly, many people who receive sarcastic comments feel put down and often think the sarcastic person is rude, or contemptible. Indeed, it’s not surprising that the origin of the word sarcasm derives from the Greek word “sarkazein” which literally means “to tear or strip the flesh off.” Hence, it’s no wonder that sarcasm is often preceded by the word “cutting” and that it hurts.What’s more, since actions strongly determine thoughts and feelings, when a person consistently acts sarcastically it may only serve to heighten their underlying hostility and insecurity. After all, when you come right down to it, sarcasm can be used as a subtle form of bullying —and most bullies are angry, insecure, or cowardly.Alternatively, when a person stops voicing negative comments, especially sarcastic ones, they may soon start to feel happier and more self-confident. Also, other people in their life benefit even more because they no longer have to hear the emotionally hurtful language of sarcasm.Now, I’m not saying all sarcasm is bad. It may just be better usedsparingly—like a potent spice in cooking. Too much of the spice, and the dish will be overwhelmed by it. Similarly, an occasional dash of sarcastic wit can spice up a chat and add an element of humor to it. But a big or steady serving of sarcasm will overwhelm the emotional flavor of any conversation and can taste very bitter to its recipient.So, tone down the sarcasm and work on clever wit instead, which is usually without any hostility and thus more appreciated by those you’re communicating with. In essence, sarcasm is easy while true, harmless wit takes talent.Thus, the main difference between wit and sarcasm is that, as already stated, sarcasm is often hostility disguised as humor. It can be intended to hurt and is often bitter and biting. Witty statements are usually in response to someone’s unhelpful remarks or behaviors, and the intent is to untangle and clarify the issue by emphasizing its absurdities. Sarcastic statements are expressed in a cutting manner; witty remarks are delivered with undisguised and harmless humor.46. Why does the author say sarcasm and jazz have something surprisingly in common?A) Both are recognized when heard.B) Both have exactly the same tone.C) Both mean the opposite of what they appear to.D) Both have hidden in them an evident irritation.47. How do many people feel when they hear sarcastic comments?A) They feel hostile towards the sarcastic person.B) They feel belittled and disrespected.C) They feel a strong urge to retaliate.D) They feel incapable of disguising their irritation.48. What happens when a person consistently acts sarcastically?A) They feel their dignity greatly heightened.B) They feel increasingly insecure and hostile.C) They endure hostility under the disguise of humor.D) They taste bitterness even in pleasant interactions.49. What does the author say about people quitting sarcastic comments?A) It makes others happier and more self-confident.B) It restrains them from being irritating and bullying.C) It benefits not only themselves but also those around them.D) It shields them from negative comments and outright hostility.50. What is the chief difference between a speaker’s wit and sarcasm?A) Their clarity.B) Their appreciation.C) Their emphasis.D) Their intention.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Variability is crucially important for learning new skills. Consider learning how to serve in tennis. Should you always practise serving from the exactly same location on the court, aiming at the same spot? Although practising in more variable conditions will be slower at first, it will likely make you a better tennis player in the end. This is because variability leads to better generalisation of what is learned.This principle is found in many domains, including speech perception and learning categories. For instance, infants will struggle to learn the category “dog” if they are only exposed to Chihuahuas, instead of many different kinds of dogs.“There are over ten different names for this basic principle,” says Limor Raviv, the senior investigator of a recent study. “Learning from less variable input is often fast, but may fail to generalise to new stimuli.”To identify key patterns and understand the underlying principles of variability effects, Raviv and her colleagues reviewed over 150 studies on variability and generalisation across fields, including computer science, linguistics, categorisation, visual perception and formal education.The researchers discovered that, across studies, the term variability can refer to at least four different kinds of variability, such as set size and scheduling. “These four kinds of variability have never been directly compared—which means that we currently don’t know which is most effective for learning,” says Raviv.The impact of variability depends on whether it is relevant to the task or not. But according to the ‘Mr. Miyagi principle’, practising seemingly unrelated skills may actually benefit learning of other skills.But why does variability impact learning and generalisation? One theory is that more variable input can highlight which aspects of a task are relevant and which are not.Another theory is that greater variability leads to broader generalisations. This is because variability will represent the real world better, including atypical (非典型的) examples.A third reason has to do with the way memory works: when training is variable, learners are forced to actively reconstruct their memories.“Understanding the impact of variability is important for literally every aspect of our daily life. Beyond affecting the way we learn language, motor skills, and categories, it even has an impact on our social lives,”explains Raviv. “For example, face recognition is affected by whether people grew up in a small community or in a larger community. Exposure to fewer faces during childhood is associated with diminished face memory.”“We hope this work will spark people’ s curiosity and generate morework on the topic,” concludes Raviv.“Our paper raises a lot of open questions. Can we find similar effects of variability beyond the brain, for instance, in the immune system?”51. What does the passage say about infants learning the category “dog”if they are exposed to Chihuahuas only?A) They will encounter some degree of difficulty.B) They will try to categorise other objects first.C) They will prefer Chihuahuas to other dog species.D) They will imagine Chihuahuas in various conditions.52. What does Raviv say about the four different kinds of variability?A) Which of them is most relevant to the task at hand is to be confirmed.B) Why they have an impact on learning is far from being understood.C) Why they have never been directly compared remains a mystery.D) Which of them is most conducive to learning is yet to be identified.53. How does one of the theories explain the importance of variability for learning new skills?A) Learners regard variable training as typical of what happens in the real world.B) Learners receiving variable training are compelled to reorganise their memories.C) Learners pay attention to the relevant aspects of a task and ignore those irrelevant.D) Learners focus on related skills instead of wasting time and effort on unrelated ones.54. What does the passage say about face recognition?A) People growing up in a small community may find it easy to remember familiar faces.B) Face recognition has a significant impact on literally every aspect of our social lives.C) People growing up in a large community can readily recognise any individual faces.D) The size of the community people grow up in impacts their face recognition ability.55. What does Raviv hope to do with their research work?A) Highlight which aspects of a task are relevant and which are not to learning a skill.B) Use the principle of variability in teaching seemingly unrelated skills in education.C) Arouse people’s interest in variability and stimulate more research on the topic.D) Apply the principle of variability to such fields of study as the immune system.。

2013年12月英语六级第三套答案

2013年12月英语六级考试真题试卷（第3套）参考答案作文范文：How to Live a Meaningful Life?Among all the highlighted topics, one is "how to live a meaningful life" 1. As for this topic, everyone's opinion varies. As the saying goes, "The greatest use of life is to spend it for something that will outlast it." I cannot agree with it more.If one spends all his life pursuing benefits for himself, he will surely feel fruitless and meaningless when he gets old. From Nelson Mandela's life, we can get that he never wavered in his devotion to democracy, equality and learning. 2. His life has been an inspiration in South Africa and throughout the world. In a life that symbolizes the triumph of human spirit, Nelson Mandela accepted the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize. His life, though limited, definitely lasts longer. That's a life worth living.Therefore, if there is a way to make my life more meaningful, I believe it should be to find something I'm interested in and also is helpful to others or the whole society. Only in this way can I throughout my life.听力：1-25 DCBCD ABABD ACBCA BCCDA DACDB26. addition27. recognize28. challenges29. identify30. secret31. specific32. giving instructions33. shed light on34. acquisition35. caught up with阅读：36-45 NJOLB HKFIC46-55 ONHOA JGBEL56-65 CCBDA BCADD翻译：The world-famous Silk Road is a series of routes that connect the East and the West. The Silk Road extends more than 6000 kilometers and gets its name from ancient China's silk trade. The trade on the Silk Road has played an important role in the development of the civilizations of China, South Asia, Europe and the Middle East. It was through the Silk Road that The Four Great Inventions of ancient China, namely papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing, had been introduced to other parts of the world. Similarly, China's silk, tea and porcelain had also beenspread all over the world through it. The exchange of material culture is bilateral. Europe, in return, had exported various commodities and plants through the Silk Road, which met the needs of Chinese market.听力原文Part II Listening Comprehension[说明：本套试题的听力部分由2006年l2月真题听力优化而来，其他试题均为多题多卷母题。

2013年6月六级真题及答案

Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11. A) She has completely recovered.B) She went into shock after an operation.C) She is still in a critical condition.D) She is getting much better.12. A) Ordering a breakfast. C) Buying a train ticket.B) Booking a hotel room. D) Fixing a compartment.13. A) Most borrowers never returned the books to her.B) The man is the only one who brought her book back.C) She never expected anyone to return the books to her.D) Most of the books she lent out came back without jackets.14. A) She left her work early to get some bargains last Saturday.B) She attended the supermarket’s grand opening ceremony.C) She drove a full hour before finding a parking space.D) She failed to get into the supermarket last Saturday.15. A) He is bothered by the pain in his neck.B) He cannot do his report without a computer.C) He cannot afford to have a coffee break.D) He feels sorry to have missed the report.16. A) Only top art students can show their works in the gallery.B) The gallery space is big enough for the man’s paintings.C) The woman would like to help with the exibition layout.D) The man is uncertain how his art works will be received.17. A) The woman needs a temporary replacement for her assistant.B) The man works in the same department as the woman does.C) The woman will have to stay in hospital for a few days.D) The man is capable of dealing with difficult people.18. A) It was better than the previous one.B) It distorted the mayor’s speech.C) It exaggerated the city’s economy problems.D) It reflected the opinions of most economists.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) To inform him of a problem they face.B) To request him to purchase control desks.C) To discuss the content of a project report.D) To ask him to fix the dictating machine.20. A) They quote the best price in the market.B) They manufacture and sell office furniture.C) They cannot deliver the steel sheets on time.D) They cannot produce the steel sheets needed21. A) By marking down the unit price.B) By accepting the penalty clauses.C) By allowing more time for delivery.D) By promising better after-sales service.22. A) Give the customer a ten percent discount.B) Claim compensation from the stool suppliers.C) Ask the Buying Department to change suppliers.D) Cancel the contract with the customer.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) Stockbroker. C) Mathematician.B) Physicist. D) Economist.24. A) Improve computer programming.B) Predict global population growth.C) Explain certain natural phenomena.D) Promote national financial health.25. A) Their different educational backgrounds.B) Changing attitudes toward nature.C) Chaos theory and its applications.D) The current global economic crisis.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2013年6月大学英语六级真题试卷(第3套)(题后含答案及解析)

2013年6月大学英语六级真题试卷（第3套）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 5. Cloze 8. TranslationPart I Writing (30 minutes)1．For this part, you are allowed SO minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark “A smile is the shortest distance between two people.”You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.正确答案：Smile Bridges the Gap Among People The saying “A smile is the shortest distance between two people”has been widely accepted throughout the world. However, the high pressures in modern society make the relationship among people more and more distant. In my opinion, the smile is a powerful antidote to this phenomenon, which can not only bridge the gap but also break down the barriers between heart and heart. When you present a smile to others, you will earn friendship as well as fortune. Such examples might be given easily. American celebrated “hotel king”Hilton’s requirement to his staff is whatever happens to the hotel, the smile on Hilton staff’s faces is the hotel’s sunshine. Smile helped Hilton come through the difficulties; Moreover, it brought huge profits. Have you smiled today? If not, let’s smile together! It is deeply-rooted in my mind that the world will be more harmonious if we always wear a smile on our faces.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.Norman Borlaug: ‘Father of the Green Revolution’Few people have quietly changed the world for the better more than this rural lad from the midwestern state of Iowa in the United States. The man in focus is Norman Borlaug, the Father of the ‘Green Revolution’, who died on September 12, 2009 at age 95. Norman Borlaug spent most of his 60 working years in the farmlands of Mexico, South Asia and later in Africa, fighting world hunger, and saving by some estimates up to a billion lives in the process. An achievement, fit for a Nobel Peace Prize.Early Years “I’m a product of the great depression” is how Borlaug described himself. A great-grandson of Norwegian immigrants to the United States, Borlaug was born in 1914 and grew up on a small farm in the northeastern corner of Iowa in a town called Cresco. His familyhad a 40-hectare(公顷)farm on which they grew wheat, maize(玉米)and hay and raised pigs and cattle. Norman spent most of his time from age 7-17 on the farm, even as he attended a one-room, one-teacher school at New Oregon in Howard County. Borlaug didn’t have money to go to college. But through a Great Depression era programme, known as the National Youth Administration, Borlaug was able to enroll in the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis to study forestry. He excelled in studies and received his Ph. D. in plant pathology(病理学)and genetics in 1942. From 1942 to 1944, Borlaug was employed as a microbiologist at DuPont in Wilmington. However, following the December 7,1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, Borlaug tried to join the military, but was rejected under wartime labour regulations.In Mexico In 1944, many experts warned of mass starvation in developing nations where populations were expanding faster than crop production. Borlaug began work at a Rockefeller Foundation-funded project in Mexico to increase wheat production by developing higher-yielding varieties of the crop. It involved research in genetics, plant breeding, plant pathology, entomology(昆虫学), agronomy(农艺学), soil science, and cereal technology. The goal of the project was to boost wheat production in Mexico, which at the time was importing a large portion of its grain. Borlaug said that his first couple of years in Mexico were difficult. He lacked trained scientists and equipment. Native farmers were hostile towards the wheat programme because of serious crop losses from 1939 to 1941 due to stem rust. Wheat varieties that Borlaug worked with had tall, thin stalks. While taller wheat competed better for sunlight, they had a tendency to collapse under the weight of extra grain a trait called lodging. To overcome this, Borlaug worked on breeding wheat with shorter and stronger stalks, which could hold on larger seed heads. Borlaug’s new semi-dwarf, disease-resistant varieties, called Pitic 62 and Penjamo 62, changed the potential yield of Mexican wheat dramatically. By 1963 wheat production in Mexico stood six times more than that of 1944.Green Revolution in India During the 1960s, South Asia experienced severe drought condition and India had been importing wheat on a large scale from the United States. Borlaug came to India in 1963 along with Dr. Robert Anderson to duplicate his Mexican success in the sub-continent. The experiments began with planting a few of the high-yielding variety strains in the fields of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute at Pusa in New Delhi, under the supervision of Dr. M. S. Swaminathan. These strains were subsequently planted in test plots at Ludhiana, Pantnagar, Kanpur, Pune and Indore. The results were promising, but large-scale success, however, was not instant. Cultural opposition to new agricultural techniques initially prevented Borlaug from going ahead with planting of new wheat strains in India. By 1965, when the drought situation turned alarming, the Government took the lead and allowed wheat revolution to move forward. By employing agricultural techniques he developed in Mexico, Borlaug was able to nearly double South Asian wheat harvests between 1965 and 1970. India subsequently made a huge commitment to Mexican wheat, importing some 18 000 tonnes of seed. By 1968, it was clear that the Indian wheat harvest was nothing short of revolutionary. It was so productive that there was a shortage of labour to harvest it, of bull carts to haul it to the threshing floor(打谷场), of jute(黄麻)bags to store it.Local governments in some areas were forced to shut down schools temporarily to use them as store houses. United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)observed that in 40 years between 1961 and 2001, “India more than doubled its population, from 452 million to more than 1 billion. At the same time, it nearly tripled its grain production from 87 million tonnes to 231 million tonnes. It accomplished this feat while increasing cultivated grain acreage(土地面积)a mere 8 percent. “It was in India that Norman Borlaug’s work was described as the ‘Green Revolution. ‘In Africa Africa suffered widespread hunger and starvation through the 70s and 80s. Food and aid poured in from most developed countries into the continent, but thanks to the absence of efficient distribution system, the hungry remained empty-stomach. The then Chairman of the Nippon Foundation, Ryoichi Sasakawa wondered why the methods used in Mexico and India were not extended to Africa. He called up Norman Borlaug, now leading a semi-retired life, for help. He managed to convince Borlaug to help with his new effort and subsequently founded the Sasakawa Africa Association. Borlaug later recalled, “but after I saw the terrible circumstances there, I said, ‘Let’s just start growing’”. The success in Africa was not as spectacular as it was in India or Mexico. Those elements that allowed Borlaug’s projects to succeed, such as well-organized economies and transportation and irrigation systems, were severely lacking throughout Africa. Because of this, Borlaug’s initial projects were restricted to developed regions of the continent. Nevertheless, yields of maize, sorghum(高梁)and wheat doubled between 1983 and 1985.Nobel Prize For his contributions to the world food supply, Borlaug was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970. Norwegian officials notified his wife in Mexico City at 4:00 a. m. , but Borlaug had already left for the test fields in the Toluca valley, about 65 km west of Mexico City. A chauffeur(司机)took her to the fields to inform her husband. In his acceptance speech, Borlaug siad, “the first essential component of social justice is adequate food for all mankind. Food is the moral right of all who are born into this world. Yet, 50 percent of the world population goes hungry.”Green Revolution vs Environmentalists Borlaug’s advocacy of intensive high-yield agriculture came under severe criticism from environmentalists in recent years. His work faced environmental and socio-economic criticisms, including charges that his methods have created dependence on monoculture crops, unsustainable farming practices, heavy indebtedness among subsistence farmers, and high levels of cancer among those who work with agriculture chemicals. There are also concerns about the long-term sustainability of farming practices encouraged by the Green Revolution in both the developed and the developing world. In India, the Green Revolution is blamed for the destruction of Indian crop diversity, drought vulnerability, dependence on agro-chemicals that poison soils but reap large-scale benefits mostly to the American multi-national corporations. What these critics overwhelmingly advocate is a global movement towards “organic”or “sustainable”farming practices that avoid using chemicals and high technology in favour of natural fertilizers, cultivation and pest-control programmes.2．Norman Borlaug won a Nobel Prize for______.A．his remarkable achievements in plant geneticsB．his spectacular contribution to safeguarding world peaceC．his great success in raising Africa’s food productionD．his enduring efforts in combating world hunger正确答案：D解析：细节辨认题。

2024年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案(第3套)

2024年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第3套）Part I Writing (30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence “There is a growing awareness of the importance of digital literacy and skills in today’s world.”You can make comments,cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop your essay.You should write at least 150words but no more than 200words.(You should copy the sentence given in quotes at the beginning of your essay.)Part II Listening Comprehension (30minutes) 提示：2024年6月六级全国只考两套听力，本套听力内容与第一二套相同，故本套未重复显示。

Reading Comprehension Part III Section (40minutes) A Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. The Sun Is Also a Star is a truly lovely story of love,romance,fate,and destiny.Natasha is a Jamaican-born immigrant living 26 in America,not by choice exactly.Her parents brought her over and created the situation she 27 to be out of.Daniel is an American born of Korean immigrants.He believes in true love,fate,and all that other nonsense that Natasha 28through scientific reasoning.Daniel and Natasha meet by 29 on the streets of New York on the day that she is to be 30 .She doesn’t tell him that but does allow him to keep her company while he tries to get her to fall in love with him over the course of the day.Natasha is me.I found her so similar to myself.She’s scientifically-minded,practical,somewhat cynical,and always 31 .Her obsession with the universe through a scientific lens is infectious and I 32 Daniel seeing that too.Daniel is charming and passionate and has a way with words that even 33 Natasha’s tough outer shell.By the end of the book I fell in love with both of them.I used to find romance stories to always be cheap or laughable.I think now I can see the value in escaping into a story of pure optimism.I got 34 in The Sun Is Also a Star and finished it cover to cover in a weekend.I couldn’t wait to get to what I hoped would be a happy ending.It’s nice every once in a while to give in to magic.It doesn’t have to be a hard fantasy novel with actual spells,it can be the magic found between two people who just have that special something.That 35 that causes them to react and spark when they’re near each other.Section BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.These are the habits to avoid if you want to make a behavior changeA.According to recent research,behavioral change involves physical changes in the brain.In the past decade,researchers have shown that when it comes to the duration of making a new behavior a deep-rooted habit there is not a simple answer.Even for the most productive and disciplined among us,undoing something that has become an automatic part of who we are takes more than an overnight effort.Once we’ve successfully made that change,we then have to make other adjustments to our lives to ensure that we continue to maintain it,which is often a whole other challenge in itself.B.At its core,success in changing and maintaining a behavior rarely occurs without the introduction of somesort of system.When there isn’t the right framework in place,we face a greater likelihood of derailing our hard-earned progress.To ensure success in changing and maintaining a behavior,we should stay away from some detrimental habits.C.The first one to avoid is relying on willpower.Think about the last time you vowed to resist a temptation.Perhaps you didn’t want to check your phone every15minutes,or you were determined not to reach for a chocolate bar at3p.m.Think about how difficult it must have been not to glance at your phone when it was within reach,or not to walk to the vending machine when your afternoon slump hit.D.The research on whether we have finite or infinite willpower is inconclusive,but experts do generally agreethat you can’t change and sustain a habit if you rely on your willpower alone.The old military saying“You never rise to the occasion,you only sink to the level of training”also applies to behavior change.The idea is simple—you repeat something so many times that it becomes automatic.E.Think about what else you can change about your surrounding that makes it easier for you to perform thischange on a daily basis.This is called your“cue.”Basically,it’s a trigger to perform that particular habit.If you don’t want to reach for a sugary treat at3p.m.,have a box of herbal tea ready at your desk.When3p.m.comes around,that’s your cue to pour yourself a cup of hot water and drink that tea,instead of walking to the vending machine.F.The second one to avoid is focusing on negative goals.Sometimes,it’s not your process that lets you down,but the habit that you want to change in the first place.For starters,not eating chocolate to beat your afternoon slump is a harder goal than swapping chocolate for herbal tea when you reach the designated time.Your brain wants to find routines that have succeeded in the past and allow you to repeat those actions again in the future without having to think about them explicitly.However,this habit-learning system isn’t so effective when it comes to learning not to do something.That’s why rather than giving up something,think about introducing something in its place.Focus on actions you are going to take that will ultimately conflict with the behaviors you want to stop.When your attention is on doing something new,you give your habit system a chance to operate.G.The third one to avoid is using the same strategies in different circumstances.Because we are creatures ofhabit,it’s natural to assume that when we do manage to adopt and sustain a desirable behavior,that same strategy will work when we want to make another behavior change.But that’s not always the case.Sometimes,the system that got you to change one behavior might not work for another.H.Sometimes we become accustomed to relying on our guts when it comes to decision-making.This serves uswell in certain situations,but can hinder us in others especially when we need to consider metrics and data, rather than letting our instinct override everything.For example,if you want to stop checking your email first thing in the morning,you might decide to substitute another activity in its place.But if you want to stop indulging in video games,simply deciding you will go for a run might not be as effective.You might need to introduce another reinforcement,such as meeting a friend and booking an exercise class together.I.The fourth one to avoid is not forgiving ourselves for slipping up.Of course,even the best-laid plans failsometimes.You might have stuck to your screen-free nighttime routine for five days,and then a big project landed on your desk and you found yourself in bed with your laptop before you went to sleep.Or you prepared meals on Sunday and stuck to eating healthy dinners at home,but by Friday you found yourself so exhausted and opted to order greasy takeout.Life happens and even if your behavior change is small,every single day can prove pretty inflexible,and at some point your luck may run out,even if just for a day.The perfectionist in you might be screaming to abandon your goals altogether,but try to see it in the bigger picture.Just because you might have temporarily strayed off course doesn’t mean you can’t start afresh the next day.J.The final one to avoid is discounting small progress.There’s a habit that many perfectionists tend to fall into when they try to establish a behavior change.They focus too much on the big goal and don’t take the time to celebrate the small progress they make in the process.Your brain responds to rewards.The basal ganglia,the brain region linked to our performance of habits,is most active at the beginning of a behavior,when the habit is cued,and at the end,when it’s rewarded.Say your goal is to run five miles three times a week,and this week you ran one mile on Monday,Wednesday,and Friday.Rather than focusing on how far you’ve gone toward your goal,think about how you can reward yourself for the progress you’ve made.It doesn’t have to be big or expensive;it can be something as simple as making your favorite fruit juice after your run.Whatever your reward,it has to be more than just the activity itself to get you going.K.Initiating a new behavior usually seems like the hardest part of the process of change.However,people often fail to adequately prepare for maintaining it.One of the reasons for this is because we mistakenly believe the strategies we used to initiate the change will be equally effective in helping us continue the change.But they won’t.Where changing a strongly deep-rooted habit requires changing our belief about that habit that penetrates deeply into our lives,continually manifesting that wisdom requires that we maintain a positive outlook.If our mood is low,the wisdom to behave differently seems to disappear and we go back to eating more and exercising less.The key,then,to maintaining new behaviors is to be happy!Which is why it’s so hard to maintain new behaviors.L.Remember,overcoming the behavioral inertia that prevents us from implementing new changes,like eatinga healthy diet or exercising,can benefit us in the long run and can improve our physical and mental health.No one was born with habits.They were all learned,and can all,therefore,be unlearned.The question is: how badly do you really want to change?36.There is general consensus among experts that willpower alone cannot guarantee one’s success in changingand maintaining a habit.37.One need not abandon their goals completely just because they missed their target temporarily;they canstart anew.38.Research shows it is quite another challenge to maintain a behavioral change after you have initiated it.39.It is wrong to assume the strategies we use to start a change of behavior will work equally well in helpingmaintain it.40.Sometimes,it may not be successful to simply substitute one activity with another to effect a change ofhabit;you may need extra reinforcement.41.One should introduce something new to replace an old habit instead of simply kicking it.42.Perfectionists focus too much on their big target and neglect celebrating the small gains they make in theprocess.43.It is of great benefit to us in the long term to conquer the inertia that stops us from making behavioralchanges.44.The strategy that successfully changed one of your behaviors may not work for some other behavior ofyours.45.Without a happy mood,it seems that our wisdom to adopt a different behavior vanishes.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.The“American Dream”promises that in the Land of Opportunity,any individual can climb the economic ladder and prosper through hard work and ambition alone.And yet,young Americans today are struggling to earn more than their parents did at the same age,and upward mobility in the US actually compares unfavourably to that of other industrialised nations.So why does the idea of the American Dream persist?A new study in the American Journal of Political Science identifies one factor that has been overlooked:the influence of reality TV.Reality shows have come to dominate US television over the past20years,notes Eunji Kim from Vanderbilt University.And the overwhelming majority of these have a“rags-to-riches”storyline:they feature ordinary Americans who work hard to achieve great economic success.And while these programmes are regularly among the most-watched shows,news broadcasts—which paint a more realistic view of the economic hardship faced by millions of Americans—get a much smaller proportion of the viewership.Rags-to-riches stories are ubiquitous(无处不在的)on TV—but does watching these programmes actually convince people that economic mobility is easily attainable?To find out,Kim’s team had participants watch a5-minute clip from a reality show with a rags-to-riches storyline.Control participants watched a clip from a reality show that didn’t have a rags-to-riches story.After watching the shows,participants rated how much they agreed with four statements relating to the American Dream.The results showed that those who’d watched a rags-to-riches clip did indeed have a significantly greater belief in the American Dream.Interestingly,when participants were separated by party affiliation,this effect was significant among Republicans but not Democrats,suggesting that the kind of messages implicit in these TV shows may play into people’s existing socioeconomic beliefs.Kim also conducted a survey of3,000US residents.They also rated the extent to which they believed success in life is related to various internal factors(such as ambition)and external factors(such as family wealth).Finally,they read a list of TV programmes and indicated which they regularly watched.Participants who were heavy viewers of rags-to-riches programmes or frequent viewers had a stronger belief in the American Dream than those who never watched such shows.Kim concludes that“rags-to-riches entertainment media are an important cultural force that promotes and perpetuates beliefs in upward mobility”.And here’s the problem:if people mistakenly believe that hard work is all that is needed for individuals to make a better life for themselves,they may be less supportive of policies that could actually combat inequality.“In this era of choice,entertainment media are what captures hearts and minds,”Kim writes.“Its political consequences are anything but trivial”.46.What do we learn from the passage about young Americans of today?A.They have greater ambitions than their parents.B.They find it difficult to achieve upward mobility.C.They have overtaken their parents in terms of earnings.D.They envy the opportunities in other industrialised nations.47.What does Kim’s team find about reality TV shows in America?A.They reinterpret the essence of the popular rags-to-riches culture.B.They urge people to achieve economic success through hard work.C.They help strengthen people’s conviction in the American Dream.D.They feature ordinary Americans striving for social recognition.48.What does the author say about news broadcasts in America?A.They attract far fewer viewers than reality TV.B.They are bent on reporting the dark side of life.C.They stand in striking contrast with reality TV.D.They focus on Americans’economic hardships.49.What can we infer from the passage about Republicans in general?A.They believe strongly in the American Dream.B.They strive to climb the socio-economic ladder.C.They have a very strong affiliation with their party.D.They tend to watch more rags-to-riches TV shows.50.What is stated about people who believe in upward mobility?A.They are likely to blame the government for their plight.B.They regard political consequences as anything but trivial.C.They respect individuals striving to climb the social ladder.D.They are less likely to approve of policies to fight inequality.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.When someone asks us“what do you do?”we nearly always reply with our occupation.Work,for many of us,is much more than a job.It is the defining aspect of our identity.For many of us it is through our job that we can define ourselves.“Without my job I don’t know who I am,”is a sentence that has been uttered on more than a handful of occasions from my office chair.Indeed,it can be one of the most challenging aspects I work on with clients who have lost or been forced into changing their jobs.This loss provokes an identity crisis much greater than the loss of the job itself.One of the things I have come to understand,however,is that our identity is much more complex than werecognise at first glance.If we take the time to reflect we might recognise that as well as our work we can also identify as a friend,a spouse,a son or daughter,a parent,a member of a sports team or religious community.We may recognise that we feel and act differently in these roles and relationships than we do at work.The passive daughter becomes an assertive leader at work.Furthermore,our identities at work are not static.They change over time.I myself have been a shop assistant,a waitress,a student,a graduate,and a clinical psychologist.At each stage my ability to adapt to and develop my career identity has been crucial to my wellbeing.Whilst we like to eliminate uncertainty in our lives at some level we have to manage uncertainty,especially in today’s volatile and ever-shifting job market.How we see ourselves is central to the isue of our identity.When we tell ourselves“I’m good at starting projects but not so great at seeing them through”it can become part of our belief system.But if you have the unfortunate experience of an enforced job change you will need to examine those beliefs to see how grounded in reality they are.You will be required to ask yourself how helpful these beliefs are and consider personal change.We can change our beliefs,behaviours and emotional experience at any time through experimentation, practice and conscious self-discipline.In an age where career progression may lead us into new sectors it is ever more important to challenge our sense of self and explore whether you can create a new experience of your identity by changing the beliefs you hold about yourself in order to expand your career options.Ultimately it is you who define who you are.You are only your job if you let it be so.51.What do we learn from the passage about one’s loss of a job?A.It compels them to visit a clinical psychologist.B.It offers them a chance to play different roles.52.What has the author come to understand about our C.It renders them puzzled about who they are.D.It forces them to redefine their life’s goals.identity?A.It is crucial to our emotional wellbeing.B.It plays a big role in many facets of life.53.What does the passage say about our identities atC.It reflects our changing status in society.D.It is more complicated than it appears. work?A.They are essential to our self-esteem.B.They evolve with the passage of time.54.What do we have to do in today’s ever-changing jobC.They overrule all other self-perceptions.D.They are key to understanding ourselves. market?A.Strive to develop our social identity.B.Prepare for different career paths.55.What should we do to expand our careerC.Try to be assertive at all times.D.Learn to manage uncertainty. options?A.Alter our perceptions of ourselves.pare various job opportunities.C.Look into newly emerging sectors.D.Exercise self-discipline consciously.Part IV Translation(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.扇子自古以来就深受中国人喜爱，但现在已不只是消暑纳凉的工具，而更多地作为艺术品供人欣赏。

2013年6月六级考试真题答案解析(第二套)

2013 年 6 月大学英语六级考试真题(二)答案与详解Part ⅠWritingGood Habits Result from Resisting TemptationAs is known to all,good habits help us pave the way to success.However,lack of social experience and determined will,youngsters often fall into the traps of temptations such as computer games,smoking and so on.So it is high time that youngsters refused temptations and formed good habits.Good habits result from refusing temptation and contribute to the growth of youngsters in various ways.Firstly,if youngsters stop such time-and healthconsuming activities as playing computer games and spend the time reading several pages of books every day instead, a good habit of reading will be formed and their academic performance will be greatly improved.Secondly,refusing junk food by eating healthily and regularly,youngsters need not be concerned about their health and body shape.Thirdly,youngsters seem always to be tempted by those who pretend to be “cool”by smoking or drinking.Distancing themselves from these people and making friends with better ones,youngsters themselves will be really cool.Rome was not built in one day.Therefore,determined will and a wise mind should be gradually cultivated so that youngsters can resist various bad temptations and form good habits.Only in this way can they grow happily and achieve success.PartⅡListening Comprehension1. 听力原文：W: Wh a t ’s w r o n g wi t h yo u r ph o n e . G a r y ? I tr i e d t o ca l l yo u al l ni g h t ye s t e r d a y .M:I’m sorry.No one was able to get through yesterday.My telephone was disconnected by the phone company.Q: What does the woman ask the man about?【预测】选项均以why 开头，表明问题是关于某事的原因；其中的his phone... disconnected ，she , not get through to him 和refused to answer her call 表明，对话可能与女士没能打电话联系上男士有关。

2013年6月英语四级考试真题以与答案(第3套)

.2013 年 6 月四级真题 ( 第 3 套)Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. Youshould start youressay with a brief description of the picture and then expressyour views on theimportance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You should write atleast 120 words but no more than 180 words.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。

PartⅡ Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 longconversations.At the end ofeach conversation,one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be apause. During the pause, you must read the fourchoices marked A),B),C) and D),anddecide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。

英语六级听力原文及答案第三套

1.M: Good news! I am not going to have surgery after all. The doctor says I can start working out again soon and maybe play football like before in a few weeks.W.. That's terrific. It will be eat if you could get back in shape in time for the World Cups.O: What do we learn from the conversation?A)【精析】综合理解题。

男士告诉女士自己不用做手术了，几周后有可能就可以像以前那样踢足球了；女士回答说，如果男士能在举行世界杯时恢复健康就好了。

可见男士有可能参加世界杯比赛。

terrific在口语中指“很好，太棒了”；in shape意为“处于良好状态”。

2. M: I really need to make some extra money. You know, I've practically spent my entire budget for this semester.W: Why_not check out the new cafeteria at Market Street? I think there are still a few opening suitable for seniors like LCou.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?D.【精析】请求建议题。

男士表示他这个学期的预算已经用光了，需要去赚钱；女士使用Why not?句式建议男士去市场街的新餐厅打听一下，她认为那里仍有合适的空缺岗位。

换句话说，女士建议男士去做一份兼职工作来赚钱。

2023年6月英语六级真题第3套(含答案及详解)

⽬录2023 年6 月英语六级真题第3 套 (1)2023年6月大学英语六级考试真题第3套答案与详解 (8)2023年6月英语六级真题第3套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence"It is widely accepted that an important goal of education is to help students learn how to learn."You can make comments,cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)温馨提示：2023年6月六级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容相同，只是顺序不同，故听力部分不再重复列出Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word f or each blank f rom a list of choices given in a word bank f ollowing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.You might not know yourself as well as you think. According to a new study, people are ___26___ accurate judges of only some of their behaviors. While most previous studies on how well people know themselves have been done on long-term personality traits,this new study ___27___how well people understand how they are acting from one moment to the next.Researchers asked participants to wear audio recorders that automatically ___28___every 9.5 minutes between7 a.m. and2 a.m.to record 30 seconds of audio. These participants were then emailed surveys four times a day asking them to ___29___ how outgoing, agreeable,or conscientious they were during a particular hour of the day. The study used data from248participants,all of whom answered questions about their behavior for two ___30___ weeks and wore the audio device for one of those weeks.Six laboratory assistants rated each participant's audio clips to see how their observations compared with people's ___31___of themselves.The six assistants were generally in agreement with one another about how the people they were observing acted.Further, participants'ratings of their own behaviors agreed with observers' for how outgoing and how conscientious they were being.But the agreement between participants and outside observers was much smaller for agreeableness. Some of this ___32___ could be because the observers used only audio clips,and thus could not read ___33___ like body language, but there are ___34___ other explanations, as people should be able to hear when a participant is being kind versus being rude. The weak agreement between how participants thought they were acting and what observers heard could be because people would rather____35___ rude behavior.A) activated I) probesB) articulates J) randomC) assessment K) recallD) consecutive L) relativelyE) cues M)saturatedF) deny N) symptomsG) discrepancyO) terminateH) probablySection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by making the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Why we need tiny collegesA) We're experiencing the rebirth of smallness.Farmers markets, tiny homes,and brew pubs all exemplifyour love of smallness.So do charter schools,coffee shops, and local bookstores. Small is often (but not always) more affordable, healthier, and sustainable, but its finest characteristic, the one that turns charm into love, is that going small allows us to be more fully who we are.B)In higher education the trend is mostly in the opposite direction: Universities with20,000 or30,000students are considered"mid-sized".The nation's largest university, Arizona State University, has 80,000 students on campus and aims to enroll another100,000 students online. At the other end of the spectrum is a handful of colleges that have fewer than a hundred students on campus and no online courses: colleges such as Sterling College, Thomas More College of Liberal Arts,and Deep Springs College. These colleges are so small that they can only be called"tiny."C)Tiny colleges focus not just on a young person's intellect,but on the young person as a whole. Equallyimportant, tiny colleges ask,"How can education contribute to human flourishing and the well-being of the world?" And they shape a college experience to address that question. They replace concerns about institutional growth with attention to the growth of students as fully developed participants in their communities.D) I've had the privilege of teaching at three different institutions of higher learning during my career-a smallliberal arts college and two mid-sized public universities.I've also been profoundly disappointed in each of these institutions,and in many of my colleagues,especially when it comes to helping students and preparing them for the many responsibilities of adulthood.Administrators focus on the business of running a university, and most faculty focus on their scholarship and teaching their discipline. Little deliberate attention is given to how students mature as individuals and social beings.E)Having just retired from teaching at a public university,I'm now returning to my hometown of Flagstaff,Arizona, to establish a tiny college—Flagstaff College. I'm convinced there's a need for another type of education, one devoted to helping students come into their own and into this beautiful and troubled world. Young people need an education that will provide them with meaning, hope, courage, and passion,as well as information and skills. Large institutions,I believe, are particularly ill-suited to this type of education.F) There's no "best of" list when it comes to tiny colleges, at least not yet. But around the country people arecreating new colleges that provide an alternative to small liberal arts colleges, large public universities, and online education.G) With only26students,Deep Springs is the smallest college in the country and, quite likely,the mostatypical (非典型的).Located on a working cattle ranch on the California-Nevada border,Deep Springs is a private,residential, two-year college for men, committed to educating students for "a life of service to humanity." Founded by the electricity tycoon(大亨)L.L. Nunn in1917,Deep Springs "curriculum"revolves around academics,labor,and self-governance. In addition to their courses,students are charged with running the 155-acre ranch and overseeing the functioning of the college.Students chair both the admissions and the curriculum committees.H)"Living in close community with one's teachers and fellow students, and being forced to take on adultresponsibilities,makes for one's growth as a person,"says William Hunt,who graduated last year."To exist for very long in a community like that,you have to get over the question of whether you're sufficiently talented or principled and get started worrying about how you can stretch yourself and your peers, how much you can manage to learn with them."I) Sterling College, in Craftsbury Common, Vermont,is also very small-fewer than 100 students.UnlikeDeep Springs,Sterling focuses its curriculum on environmental and social justice issues, but like Deep Springs it places a high value on personal responsibility and manual labor. According to its catalog, a college education at Sterling combines"rigorous academics, roll-up-your-sleeves challenges, and good old hard work."J)The average tuition at a small liberal-arts college is$30,000to $40,000a year, not including the cost of living on campus, as compared to $8,000 to$10,000 a year for tuition alone at a public university. Of the tiny colleges,only Deep Springs doesn't charge tuition or room and board;students pay only for books and the cost of traveling to and from college.If tiny schools are to become a player on the higher education scene, they will need to find a way to be truly affordable.K) Doing so may not be that difficult so long as they do not pattern themselves too closely on existing norms. We've come to believe that a good college should have many academic programs and excellent facilities, posh (豪华的) dorms, an array of athletic programs, and a world-class student activity center.Imagine a good college without a climbing wall! We also have accepted the idea that college presidents, and their many vice-presidents,should be paid like their counterparts in the business world and that higher education requires an elaborate, up-to-date technology infrastructure. All of this drives up the cost of education.L) The"trick" to making tiny colleges affordable, if that's the right word, is simplicity. At its core, education is a human-to-human interaction. Reflecting on his own college education, President Garfield once commented that an ideal college would consist of nothing more than the legendary teacher Mark Hopkins on one end of a log and a student on the other. The economics of a tiny college, in other words, might be similar to that of a tiny house. Because it is small,a tiny house costs less to build and less to furnish, insure, and maintain. But the economic benefits of a small house don't end there.Tiny homes discourage homeowners from buying stuff that they really don't need, because there's no place to put it.M) I'm a late convert to the idea of tiny colleges,and I fully understand the need for many diverse types of educational institutions. Academic research and job training are important, but tiny colleges aren't suited for either. The educational needs of a complex society are themselves complex, and no single model can meet all of these needs. But I'm now convinced there's an educational need that's now going almost completely unmet: namely, the need to help young people transition into adulthood. Tiny colleges can do this better than any other type of educational institution.N) The ultimate justification for a tiny college is the conviction that each of us comes into our full humanity by close interaction with those who know and care for us, and that one of the basic purposes of higher education is social. Although we give lip service to the idea that a college education will make us betterpeople, when all's said and done, we think of higher education primarily in economic terms. We've come to think of higher education as a means to make a living rather than make a life. We've also come to see higher education as a private good rather than a public one. Tiny colleges are not the answer to all of our educational requirements, but they're an answer to one of our most basic educational necessities; the need to produce thoughtful, engaged, and compassionate human beings.36.One tiny American college situated on a cattle farm is devoted to educating students to serve mankindthroughout their lives.37. Much to the author's disappointment, the three institutions of higher learning where she taught largelyignore students'growth as social beings.38. Tiny colleges must be made affordable in order to play a role in higher education.39.According to a recent graduate from a tiny college, living together with faculty and fellow students isconducive to a student's growth as a person.40. Rather than going small, most American universities are trying to go big.41. In a certain tiny college, rigorous academic work and traditional manual labor are integrated.42. Tiny colleges focus on educating students to become well-rounded citizens instead of seeking their ownexpansion.43. The essence of education lies in the interaction between people.44. After her retirement, the author has decided to set up a tiny college in her hometown.45.Tiny colleges are justified as it is believed that our growth into full humanity comes through interactionwith people near and dear to us.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.If you're someone who has turned to snacking on junk food more in the pandemic (大流行病), you're not alone.Investigative reporter Michael Moss says processed food is engineered to hook you, not unlike alcohol, cigarettes, or other harmful substances. His 2013 book, Salt Sugar Fat, explored food companies'aggressive marketing of those products and their impact on our health. In his new book, Hooked, Moss updates the food giants' efforts to keep us eating what they serve,and how they're responding to complaints from consumers and health advocates.Processed food is inexpensive, it's legal,and it's panies'advertising is cueing us to remember those products and we want those products constantly. So the food environment is oneof those key things that makes food even more problematic for so many people. Memory, nostalgia (怀旧) in particular, plays a big role in the foods we crave.Soda companies discovered that if they put a soda in the hands of a child when they're at a ball game with their parents, that soda will forever be associated with that joyous ter in life,when that child wants to experience a joyous moment,they're going to think of soda. Many people seek comfort in the snacks they remember from childhood.Moss examines the way companies capitalize on our memories, cravings and brain chemistry to keep us snacking.One of the reasons I came to think that some of these food products are even more powerful, more troublesome than drugs can be is memory.What we eat is all about memory.And we begin forming memories for food at a really early age. And we keep those memories for a lifetime. Knowing this,the food industry spends lots of time trying to shape the memories that we have for their products.Oneof the features of addiction that scientists studying drug addiction discovered back in the 1990s was that the faster a substance hits the brain,the more apt we are as a result to act impulsively.There's nothing faster than food in its ability to hit the brain. For Moss, this puts the notion of "fast food" in an entirely new light as this isn't limited to fast food chains-almost 90% of food products in grocery stores are processed foods. Everything in the industry is about speed, from manufacturing to packaging.Overall, Moss outlines the industry's dependence on making their products inexpensive,superdelicious, and incredibly convenient for consumers. Now that more and more people care about what they put in their bodies and are wanting to eat healthier, these companies are finding it really difficult to meet that new demand because of their own addiction to making these convenience foods.46. In what way does Michael Moss think processed food is comparable to alcohol and cigarettes?A) They are all addictive. C) They are all engineered to be enjoyed.B) They are all necessary evils. D) They are all in increasingly great demand.47. What does the author say plays a key role in the foods we crave?A) The food environment. C) Convenience.B) Aggressive marketing. D) Memory.48. What do food companies do to capitalize on consumers' association with their food products?A) They strive to influence how consumers remember their products.B) They attempt to use consumers' long-term memories to promote addiction.C) They try to exploit consumers' memories for their products as early as possible.D) They endeavor to find what consumers remember about their products.49. How does the food industry operate from manufacturing to packaging, according to Moss?A) Placing the idea of fast food in an entirely new light.B)Setting no limit to the number of fast food chains.C) Focusing on how quickly the work is done.D) Prioritizing the quality of their products.50. Why are companies finding it difficult to satisfy consumers' demand for healthier food products?A) They think speed of production outweighs consumers' health.B) They believe their industry would perish without fast foods.C) They have to strike a balance between taste and nutrition.D) They are hooked on manufacturing convenience foods.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Chimpanzees (黑猩猩),human beings'closest animal relatives, share up to 98%of our genes. Yet humans and chimpanzees lead very different lives. Fewer than300,000wild chimpanzees live in a few forested corners of Africa today, while humans have colonized every corner of the globe.At more than 7 billion, human population dwarfs that of nearly all other mammals—despite our physical weaknesses.What could account for our species'incredible evolutionary successes?One obvious answer is our big brains. It could be that our raw intelligence gave us an unprecedented ability to think outside the box, innovating solutions to thorny problems as people migrated across the globe.But a growing number of cognitive scientists and anthropologists (人类学家) are rejecting that explanation. They think that, rather than making our living as innovators, we survive and thrive precisely because we don't think for ourselves. Instead, people cope with challenging climates and ecological contexts by carefully copying others.In a famous study, psychologists Victoria Horner and Andrew Whiten showed two groups of test subjects-children and chimpanzees-a mechanical box with a treat inside.In one condition,the box wasopaque,while in the other it was transparent.The experimenters demonstrated how to open the box to retrieve the treat, but they also included the irrelevant step of tapping on the box with a stick.Oddly, the children carefully copied all the steps to open the box,even when they could see that the stick had no practical effect.That is, they copied irrationally:Instead of doing only what was necessary to get their reward, children slavishly imitated every action they'd witnessed.Of course, that study only included three- and four-year-olds. But additional research has shown that older children and adults are even more likely to mindlessly copy others'actions, and infants are less likely to over-imitate—that is, to precisely copy even impractical actions.By contrast,chimpanzees in the study only over-imitated in the opaque condition. In the transparent condition-where they saw that the stick was mechanically useless-they ignored that step entirely. Other research has since supported these findings.When it comes to copying, chimpanzees are more rational than human children or adults.Where does the seemingly irrational human preference for over-imitation come from?Anthropologist Joseph Henrich points out that people around the world rely on technologies that are often so complex that no one can learn them rationally.Instead,people must learn them step by step, trusting in the wisdom of more experienced elders and peers.So the next time you hear someone arguing passionately that everyone should embrace nonconformity and avoid imitating others, you might laugh a little bit. We're not chimpanzees, after all.51. What might explain humans'having the largest population of almost all mammals?A) They are equipped with raw strength for solving the most challenging problems.B) They cope with the outside world more effectively than their animal relatives.C) They possess the most outstanding ability to think.D) They knowhow to survive everywhere on earth.52. What accounts for humans'evolutionary successes according to a growing number of cognitive scientists and anthropologists?A) They are better at innovating solutions.B) They thrive through creative strategies.C) They are naturally adaptive to ecological contexts.D) They meet challenges by imitating others carefully.53.What does the author think is odd about the findings of the study by Victoria Horner and Andrew Whiten?A) Children irrationally imitated every action of the experimenters.B) Chimpanzees could tell the transparent box from the opaque one.C) Chimpanzees could retrieve the treat more quickly than children did.D) Children omitted the step of tapping on the box with a stick to open it.54. What is anthropologist Joseph Henrich's explanation for the human preference for copying?A) It originates in the rationality of people around the world.B) It stems from the way people learn complex technologies.C) It results from people distrusting their own wisdom.D) It derives from the desire to acquire knowledge step by step.55. What point does the author want to emphasize when he says "We're not chimpanzees"?A) It is arguable whether everyone should avoid imitation.B) It is characteristic of human beings to copy others.C) It is desirable to trust in more knowledgeable peers.D) It is naive to laugh at someone embracing nonconformity.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage f rom Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.近年来,中国城市加快发展,城市人居环境得到显著改善。

2023年6月大学英语六级考试真题完整版-附答案(第3套)

附答案（第3套）（此文档分二部分：真题试题、答案）一、真题试卷Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance ofmotivation and methods in learning. You can cite e某amples to illustrate your views. Youshould write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Section A 选词填空at temperatures below about -25℃ unless they are mi某ed with other metals. Now, though, a novel type of steel has been developed that resists __27__ at much lower temperatures, while retaining its strength and toughness—without the need for e某pensive __28__.Steel's fragility at low temperatures first became a major concern during the Second World War. After German U-boats torpedoed （用鱼雷攻击）numerous British ships, a 2,700-strong fleet of cheap- and-cheerful \ ships\replace the lost vessels, providing a lifeline for the __29__ British. But the steel shells of hundreds of theships __30__ in the icy north Atlantic, and 12 broke in half and sank.Brittleness remains a problem when building steel structures in cold conditions, such as oil rigs in the Arctic. Soscientists have __31__ to find a solution by mi某ing it with e 某pensive metals such as nickel.K）hollow L）relevant M）reshuffled N）strived O）violentSection B 段落匹配The future of personal satellite technology is here—are we ready for it?。

英语六级考试真题(第3套)+参考答案

2013年6月英语六级考试真题试卷（第3套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark "A smile is the shortest distance between two people." You can cite examplesto . You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Norman Borlaug: 'Father of the Green Revolution'Few people have quietly changed the world for the better more than this rural lad from the midwestern state of Iowa in the United States. The man in focus is Norman Borlaug, the Father of the 'Green Revolution', who died on September 12, 2009 at age 95. Norman Borlaug spent most of his 60 working years in the farmlands of Mexico, South Asia and later in Africa, fighting world hunger, and saving by some estimates up to a billion lives in the process. An achievement, fit for a Nobel Peace Prize.Early Years"I'm a product of the great depression" is how Borlaug described himself. A great-grandson of Norwegian immigrants to the United States, Borlaug was born in 1914 and grew up on a small farm in the northeastern corner of Iowa in a town called Cresco. His family had a 40-hectare (公顷) farm on which they grew wheat, maize (玉米) and hay and raised pigs and cattle. Norman spent most of his time from age 7-17 on the farm, even as he attended a one-room, one-teacher school at New Oregon in Howard County.Borlaug didn't have money to go to college. But through a Great Depression era programme, known as the National Youth Administration, Borlaug was able to enroll in the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis to study forestry. He excelled in studies and received his Ph.D. in plant pathology (病理学) and genetics in 1942. From 1942 to 1944, Borlaug was employed as a microbiologist at DuPont in Wilmington. However, following the December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, Borlaug tried to join the military, but was rejected underwartimeIn MexicoIn 1944, many experts warned of mass starvation in developing nations where populations wereexpanding faster than crop production. Borlaug began work at a Rockefeller Foundation-funded project in Mexico to increase wheat production by developing higher-yielding varieties of the crop. It involved research in genetics, plant breeding, plant pathology, entomology (昆虫学) , agronomy (农艺学) , soil science, and cereal technology. The goal of the project was to boost wheat production in Mexico, which at the time was importing a large portion of its grain. Borlaug said that his first couple of years in Mexico were difficult. He lacked trained scientists and equipment. Native farmers were hostile towards the wheat programme because of serious crop losses from 1939 to 1941 due to stem rust.Wheat varieties that Borlaug worked with had tall, thin stalks. While taller wheat competed better for sunlight, they had a tendency to collapse under the weight of extra grain - a trait called lodging. To overcome this, Borlaug worked on breeding wheat with shorter and stronger stalks, which could hold on larger seed heads. Borlaug's new semi-dwarf, disease-resistant varieties, called Pitic 62 and Penjamo 62, changed the potential yield of Mexican wheat dramatically. By 1963 wheat production in Mexico stood six times more than that of 1944.Green Revolution in IndiaDuring the 1960s, South Asia experienced severe drought condition and India had been importing wheat on a large scale from the United States. Borlaug came to India in 1963 along with Dr. Robert Anderson to duplicate his Mexican success in the sub-continent. The experiments began with planting a few of the high-yielding variety strains in the fields of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute at Pusa in New Delhi, under the supervision of Dr. M. S. Swaminathan. These strains were subsequently planted in test plots at Ludhiana, Pantnagar, Kanpur, Pune and Indore. The results were promising, but large-scale success, however, was not instant. Cultural opposition to new agricultural techniques initially prevented Borlaug from going ahead with planting of new wheat strains in India. By 1965, when the drought situation turned alarming, the Government took the lead and allowed wheat revolution to move forward. By employing agricultural techniques he developed in Mexico, Borlaug was able to nearly double South Asian wheat harvests between 1965 and 1970.India subsequently made a huge commitment to Mexican wheat, importing some 18000 tonnes of seed. By 1968, it was clear that the Indian wheat harvest was nothing short of revolutionary. It was so productive that there was a shortage of labour to harvest it, of bull carts to haul it to the threshing floor (打谷场) , of jute (麻黄) bags to store it. Local governments in some areas were forced to shut down schools temporarily to use them as store houses.United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) observed that in 40 years between 1961 and 2001, "India more than doubled its population, from 452 million to more than 1 billion. At the same time, it nearly tripled its grain production from 87 million tonnes to 231 million tonnes. It accomplished this feat while increasing cultivated grain acreage (土地面积) a mere 8 percent." It was in India that Norman Borlaug's work was described as the 'Green Revolution.'In AfricaAfrica suffered widespread hunger and starvation through the 70s and 80s. Food and aid poured in from most developed countries into the continent, but thanks to the absence of efficient distribution system, the hungry remained empty-stomach. The then Chairman of the Nippon Foundation, Ryoichi Sasakawa wondered why the methods used in Mexico and India were not extended to Africa. He called up Norman Borlaug. now leading a semi-retired life, for help. He managed to convince Borlaug to help with his new effort and subsequently founded theSasakawa Africa Association. Borlaug later recalled, "but after I saw the terrible circumstances there, I said, 'Let's just start growing'".The success in Africa was not as spectacular as it was in India or Mexico. Those elements that allowed Borlaug's projects to succeed, such as well-organized economies and transportation and irrigation systems, were severely lacking throughout Africa. Because of this, Borlaug's initial projects were restricted to developed regions of the continent. Nevertheless, yields of maize, sorghum (高粱) and wheat doubled between 1983 and 1985.Nobel PrizeFor his contributions to the world food supply, Borlaug was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970. Norwegian officials notified his wife in Mexico City at 4:00 a. m., but Borlaug had already left for the test fields in the Toluca valley, about 65 km west of Mexico City. A chauffeur (司机) took her to the fields to inform her husband. In his acceptance speech, Borlaug said, "the first essential component of social justice is adequate food for all mankind. Food is the moral right of all who are born into this world. Yet, 50 percent of the world population goes hungry."Green Revolution vs Environmentalists参考答案注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2013年6月六级考试真题(三)

2013年6月六级考试真题（第三套）PartⅠ WritingDirections：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark “Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s need, but not every man’s greed.” You can cite examples to illustrate yourpoint. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words .Part II Listening Comprehension说明：2013年6月六级真题全国共考了两套听力。

本套（即第三套）的听力内容与第二套的内容完全相同，只是选项的顺序不一样而已，故在本套中没有重复给出。

Section ADirections：In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letterfor each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words inthe bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Children are losing the ability to play properly because they are being given too many toys, according to a new research. The studies show that children — especially those under five — are often 36 and actually play less than those with fewer toys.“0ur studies show that giving children too many toys or toys of the 37 type can actually be doing them harm. They get spoiled and cannot 38 on any one thing long enough to learn from it”, said Lerner, a childhood development researcher. Her conclusions have been backed up by British research looking at children with 39 few toys, whose parents spend more time reading, singing or playing with them. It showed such children 40 youngsters from richer backgrounds — even those who had access to computers.Kathy Sylva, professor of educational psychology at Oxford University, reached her 41 from a study of 3,000 children from the ages of three to five. In her opinion, there is a complex relationship between children’s progress, the type of toys they are given and the time parents spend on them. When the children have a large number of toys there seems to be a distraction element, and when children are 42 they do not learn or play well.Some parents notice the 43 early. Orhan Ismail, a researcher from Colchester, Essex, saw a change for the worse in Cameron, his 10-month-old son, after he was given 44 toys last Christmas. He observed that if there are too many toys in front of Cameron, he will just keep moving round them and then end up going away and finding something like a slipper to play with.Experts 45 to put a figure on the number of toys children should have, but many believe two dozen is enough for children of pre-school age.A) impact I) surpassB) concentrate J) innumerableC) overwhelmed K) decisionsD) reasonably L) inaccurateE) conclusions M) relativelyF) exquisite N) distractedG) embarrassed O) lagH) hesitateSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questionsby marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Norman Borlaug: “Father of the Green Revolution”[A]Few people have quietly changed the world for the better more than this rural lad from the midwestem state of Iowa inthe United States. The man in focus is Norman Borlaug, the “Father of the Green Revolution”, who died on 12 September 2009 at age 95. Norman Borlaug spent most of his 60 working years in the farmlands of Mexico, South Asia and later in Africa, fighting world hunger, and saving by some estimates up to a billion lives in the process. An achievement, fit for a Nobel Peace Prize.Early Years[B]“I’m a product of the great depression” is how Borlaug described himself. A great-grandson of Norwegianimmigrants to the United States, Borlaug was born in 1914 and grew up on a small farm in the northeastern comer of Iowa in a town called Cresco. His family had a 40-hectrare (公顷)farm on which they grew wheat, maize(玉米)and hay and raised pigs and cattle. Norman spent most of his time from age 7-17 on the farm, even as he attendeda one-room, one-teacher school at New Oregon in Howard County.[C]Borlaug didn’t have money to go to college. But through a Great Depression era programme, known as the NationalYouth Administration, Borlaug was able to enroll in University of Minnesota at Minneapolis to study forestry. He excelled in studies and received his PhD in plant pathology (病理学）and genetics in 1942.[D]From 1942 to 1944, Borlaug was employed as a microbiologist at DuPont in Wilmington. However, following theDecember 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, Borlaug tried to join the military, but was rejected under wartime labour regulations.In Mexico[E]In 1944, many experts warned of mass starvation in developing nations where populations were expanding faster thancrop production. Borlaug began work at a Rockefeller Foundation- funded project in Mexico to increase wheat production by developing higher-yielding varieties of the crop. It involved research in genetics, plant breeding, plant pathology, entomology（昆虫学），agronomy（农艺学）,soil science, and cereal technology. The goal of the project was to boost wheat production in Mexico, which at the time was importing a large portion of its grain.[F]Borlaug said that his first couple of years in Mexico were difficult. He lacked trained scientists and equipment. Nativefarmers were hostile towards the wheat programme because of serious crop losses from 1939 to 1941 due to stem rust.[G]Wheat varieties that Borlaug worked with had tall, thin stalks. While taller wheat competed better for sunlight, theyhad a tendency to collapse under the weight of extra grain — a trait called lodging. To overcome this, Borlaug2worked on breeding wheat with shorter and stronger stalks, which could hold on larger seed heads. Borlaug’s new semi-dwarf, disease-resistant varieties, called Pitic 62 and Penjamo 62, changed the potential yield of Mexican wheat dramatically. By 1963 wheat production in Mexico stood six times more than that of 1944.Green Revolution in India[H]During the 1960s, South Asia experienced severe drought condition and India had been importing wheat on a largescale from the United States. Borlaug came to India in 1963 along with Dr Robert Anderson to duplicate his Mexican success in the sub-continent. The experiments began with planting a few of the high-yielding variety strains in the fields of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute at Pusa in New Delhi, under the supervision of Dr M. S.Swaminathan. These strains were subsequently planted in test plots at Ludhiana, Pantnagar, Kanpur, Pune and Indore.The results were promising, but large-scale success, however, was not instant. Cultural opposition to new agricultural techniques initially prevented Borlaug from going ahead with planting of new wheat strains in India. By 1965, when the drought situation turned alarming, the Government took the lead and allowed wheat revolution to move forward.By employing agricultural techniques he developed in Mexico, Borlaug was able to nearly double South Asian wheat harvests between 1965 and 1970.[I]India subsequently made a huge commitment to Mexican wheat, importing some 18,000 tonnes of seed. By 1968, itwas clear that the Indian wheat harvest was nothing short of revolutionary. It was so productive that there was a shortage of labour to harvest it, of bull carts to haul it to the threshing floor（打谷场）of jute（黄麻）bags to store it. Local governments in some areas were forced to shut down schools temporarily to use them as store houses. [J]United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) observed that in 40 years between 1961 and 2001,“India more than doubled its population, from 452 million to more than 1 billion. At the same time, it nearly tripled its grain production from 87 million tonnes to 231 million tonnes. It accomplished this feat while increasing cultivated grain acreage （土地面积）a mere 8 percent.” It was in India that Norman Borlaug’s work was described as the “Green Revolution.”In Africa[K]Africa suffered widespread hunger and starvation through the 70s and 80s. Food and aid poured in from most developed countries into the continent, but thanks to the absence of efficient distribution system, the hungry remained empty-stomach. The then Chairman of the Nippon Foundation, Ryoichi Sasakawa wondered why the methods used in Mexico and India were not extended to Africa. He called up Norman Borlaug, now leading a semi-retired life, for help. He managed to convince Borlaug to help with his new effort and subsequently founded the Sasakawa Africa Association. Borlaug later recalled, “but after I saw the terrible circumstances there, I said, ‘Let’s just start growing’”.[L]The success in Africa was not as spectacular as it was in India or Mexico. Those elements that allowed Borlaug’s projects to succeed, such as well-organised economies and transportation and irrigation systems, were severely lacking throughout Africa. Because of this, Borlaug’s initial projects were restricted to developed regions of the continent. Nevertheless, yields of maize, sorghum (高粱) and wheat doubled between 1983 and 1985.Nobel Prize[M]For his contributions to the world food supply, Borlaug was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970. Norwegian officials notified his wife in Mexico City at 4:00 am, but Borlaug had already left for the test fields in the Toluca valley, about 65km west of Mexico City. A chauffeur (司机）took her to the fields to inform her husband. In his acceptance speech, Borlaug said, “the first essential component of social justice is adequate food for all mankind.Food is the moral right of all who are born into this world. Yet, 50 percent of the world population goes hungry.”Green Revolution vs Environmentalists[N]Borlaug’s advocacy of intensive high-yield agriculture came under severe criticism from environmentalists in recent years. His work faced environmental and socio-economic criticisms, including charges that his methods have created dependence on monoculture crops, unsustainable fanning practices, heavy indebtedness among subsistence farmers, and high levels of cancer among those who work with agriculture chemicals. There are also concerns about the long-term sustainability of fanning practices encouraged by the Green Revolution in both the developed and the developing world.[O]In India, the Green Revolution is blamed for the destruction of India crop diversity, drought vulnerability, dependence on agro-chemicals that poison soils but reap large-scale benefits mostly to the American multi-national corporations. What these critics overwhelmingly advocate is a global movement towards “organic” or “sustainable”farming practices that avoid using chemicals and high technology in favour of natural fertilisers, cultivation and pest-control porgrammes.46.Farmers’ rejection of his planting techniques initially prevented Borlaug from achieving large- scale success in India.47.In both developed and developing countries there are concerns whether in the long run Borlaug’s farming practice willbe sustainable.48.Borlaug’s Pitic 62 and Penjamo 62 has short and strong stems and can resist to diseases.49.Borlaug’s success in Africa was not as spectacular as in India or Mexico because Africa lacked the necessarysupporting facilities.50.In India, critics attribute the destruction of Indian crop diversity to the Green Revolution.51.Borlaug emphasised that adequate food for all mankind is essential in ensuring social justice in his Nobel Prizeacceptance speech.52.In recent years Borlaug’s Green Revolution has been attacked by environmentalists.53.Borlaug’s wheat programme had been stuck in trouble during his first couple of years in Mexico.54.According to United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organisation, in 40 years between 1961 and 2001 India’s grainproduction increased nearly three times.55.Norman Borlaug won a Nobel Prize for his 60 years work on combating world hunger.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice andmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.“Depression” is more than a serious economic downturn. What distinguishes a depression from a harsh recession is paralysing fear — fear of the unknown so great that it causes consumers, businesses, and investors to retreat and panic. They save up cash and desperately cut spending. They sell stocks and other assets. A shattering loss of confidence inspires behaviour that overwhelms the normal self-correcting mechanisms that usually prevent a recession from becoming deep and prolonged: a depression.Comparing 1929 with 2007-09, Christina Romer, the head of President Obama’s Council of Economic Advisers, finds the initial blow to confidence far greater now than then. True, stock prices fell a third from September to December 1929, but fewer Americans then owned stocks. Moreover, home prices barely dropped. From December 1928 to December 1929, total household wealth declined only 3%. By contrast, the loss in household wealth between December 2007 and December 2008 was 17%. Both stocks and homes, more widely held, dropped more. Thus traumatised(受到创伤），the economy4might have gone into a free fall ending in depression. Indeed, it did go into free fall. Shoppers refrained from buying cars, appliances, and other big- ticket items. Spending on such “durables” dropped at a 12% annual rate in 2008’s third quarter, a 20% rate in the fourth. And businesses shelved investment projects.That these huge declines didn’t lead to depression mainly reflects, as Romer argues, counter-measures taken by the government. Private markets for goods, services, labor, and securities do mostly self-correct, but panic feeds on itself and disarms these stabilising tendencies. In this situation, only the government can protect the economy as a whole, because most individuals and companies are involved in the self-defeating behaviour of self-protection.Government’s failure to perform this role in the early 1930s transformed recession into depression. Scholars will debate which interventions this time — the Federal Reserve’s support of a failing credit system, guarantees of bank debt, Obama’s “stimulus” plan and bank “stress test” 一 counted most in preventing a recurrence. Regardless, all these complex measures had the same psychological purpose: to reassure people that the free fall would stop and, thereby, curb die fear that would perpetuate( 使持久）a free fall.All this improved confidence. But the consumer sentiment index remains weak, and all the rebound has occurred in Americans’ evaluation of future economic conditions, not the present. Unemployment (9.8%) is abysmal(糟透的）, the recovery’s strength unclear. Here, too, there is an echo from the 1930s. Despite bottoming out in 1933, the Depression didn’t end until World War II. Some government policies aided recovery; some hindered it. The good news today is that the bad news is not worse.56.Why do consumers, businesses and investors retreat and panic in times of depression?A)They suffer great losses in stocks, property and other assets.B)They find the self-correcting mechanisms dysfunctioning.C)They are afraid the normal social order will be paralysed.D)They don’t know what is going to happen in the future.57.What does Christina Romer say about the current economic recession?A)Its severity is no match for the Great Depression of 1929.B)Its initial blow to confidence far exceeded that of 1929.C)It has affected house owners more than stock holders.D)It has resulted in a free fall of the prices of commodities.58.Why didn’t the current recession turn into a depression according to Christina Romer?A)The government intervened effectively.B)Private markets corrected themselves.C)People refrained from buying durables and big-ticket items.D)Individuals and companies adopted self-protection measures.59.What is the chief purpose of all the counter measures taken?A)To create job opportunities. C) To stimulate domestic consumption.B)To curb the fear of a lasting free fall. D) To rebuild the credit system.60.What does the author think of today’s economic situation?A)It may worsen without further stimulation. C) It has not gone from bad to worse.B)It will see a rebound sooner or later. D)It does not give people reason for pessimism.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.“Usually when we walk through-the rain forest we hear a soft sound from all the moist leaves and organic debris on theforest floor,” says ecologist Daniel Nepstad. “ Now we increasingly get rustle and crunch. That’s the sound of a dying forest.”Predictions of the collapse of the tropical rain forests have been around for years. Yet until recently the worst forecasts were almost exclusively linked to direct human activity, such as dear- cutting and burning for pastures or farms. Left alone, it was assumed, the world’s rain forests would not only flourish but might even rescue us from disaster by absorbing the excess carbon dioxide and other planet-warming greenhouse gases. Now it turns out that may be wishful thinking. Some scientists believe that the rise in carbon levels means that the Amazon and other rain forests in Asia and Africa may go from being assets in the battle against rising temperatures to liabilities. Amazon plants, for instance, hold more than 100 billion metric tons of carbon, equal to 15 years of tailpipe and chimney emissions. If the collapse of the rain forests speeds up dramatically, it could eventually release 3.5-5 billion metric tons of carbon into the atmosphere each year 一 making forests the leading source of greenhouse gases.Uncommonly severe droughts brought on by global climate change have led to forest-eating wildfires from Australia to Indonesia, but nowhere more acutely than in the Amazon. Some experts say that the rain forest is already at the brink of collapse.Extreme weather and reckless development are plotting against the rain forest in ways that scientists have never seen. Trees need more water as temperatures rise, but the prolonged droughts have robbed them of moisture, making whole forests easily cleared of trees and turned into farmland. The picture worsens with each round of El Nino, the unusually warm currents in the Pacific Ocean that drive up temperatures and invariably presage（预示）droughts and fires in the rain forest. Runaway fires pour even more carbon into the air, which increases temperatures, starting the whole vicious cycle all over again.More than paradise lost, a perishing rain forest could trigger a domino effect—sending winds and rains kilometres off course and loading the skies with even greater levels of greenhouse gases— that will be felt far beyond the Amazon basin. In a sense, we are already getting a glimpse of what’s to come. Each burning season in the Amazon, fires deliberately set by frontier settlers and developers hurl up almost half a billion metric tons of carbon a year, placing Brazil among the top five contributors to greenhouse gases in the world.61.We learn from the first paragraph that ______________ .A)dead leaves and tree debris make the same soundB)trees that are dying usually give out a soft moanC)organic debris echoes the sounds in a rain forestD)the sound of a forest signifies its health condition62.In the second paragraph, the author challenges the view that __________________ .A)the collapse of rain forests is caused by direct human interferenceB)carbon emissions are the leading cause of current global warmingC)the condition of rain forests has been rapidly deterioratingD)rain forests should not be converted into pastures or farms63.The author argues that the rising carbon levels in rain forests may __________________ .A)turn them into a major source of greenhouse gasesB)change the weather patterns throughout the worldC)pose a threat to wildlifeD)accelerate their collapse64.What has made it easier to turn some rain forests into farmland?A) Rapid rise in carbon levels. C) Lack of rainfall resulting from global warming.6B) Reckless land development. D) The unusual warm currents in the Pacific Ocean.65.What makes Brazil one of the world’s top five contributors to greenhouse gases?A)The domino effect triggered by the perishing rain forests.B)Its practice of burning forests for settlement and development.C)The changed patterns of winds and rains in the Amazon area.D)Its inability to curb the carbon emissions from industries.Part IV TranslationDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国是最早生产丝绸的国家。

[英语六级考试复习]2013年6月_六级真题_第3套

大学英语六级考试真题解析2013年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第3套）Part I Writing（30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark “A smile is the shortest distance between two people.”You can cite examples to illustrateyour point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Write your essayon Answer Sheet 1._____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension （30 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be apause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D）, anddecide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with asingle line through the centre.1. A) It will mainly benefit the wealthy. C) It will reduce government revenues.B) It will stimulate business activities. D) It will cut the stockholders' dividends.2. A) She doesn't think much of job-hopping.B) She will stick to the job if the pay is good.C) She prefers a life of continued exploration.D) She will do her best if the job is worth doing.3. A) Talk the drug user out of the habit. C) Keep his distance from drug addicts.B) Stop thinking about the matter. D) Be more friendly to his schoolmate.4. A) The son. B) Aunt Louise. C) The father. D) The mother.5. A) Move to another place. C) Check the locks every two weeks.B) Stay away for a couple of weeks. D) Look after the Johnsons' house.6. A) He didn't want to miss the game.B) He would like to warm up for the game.C) He didn't want to be held up in traffic.D) He wanted to catch as many birds as possible.wasdown. C) Itrobbed.7. A) ItwasburnedB) It was closed down. D) It was blown up.8. A) She studies in the same school as her brother.B) She isn't going to work in her brother's firm.C) She isn't going to change her major.D) She plans to major in tax law.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) Current issues in economics. C) A recent biology lecture.B) Choices faced by conservationists. D) Topics for a research paper.10. A) A scarcity of jobs in their field.B) Inadequate training in methods of biological research.C) Difficulties in classifying all of the varieties of owls.D) A lack of funding for their work with endangered species.11. A) It has numerous traits in common with the spotted owl.B) Its population is increasing in recent years.C) It may not survive without special efforts of conservationists.D) Its role in the chain of evolution has not yet been examined.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Training given to music therapists. C) Studies on the benefits of music.B) How music prevents disease. D) How musicians create music.13. A) In place of physical therapy. C) To prevent heart disease.B) To control brain problems. D) To relieve depression.14. A) They like to have music in the operating room.B) They solved problems better while listening to music they liked.C) They preferred classical music.D) They performed better when they used headphones.15. A) It increased the students' white blood cell.B) It increased some students' energy level.C) It improved the students' ability to play musical instruments.D) It released a natural painkiller in some students' bodies.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear aquestion, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D）.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) She was bored with her idle life at home.B) She was offered a good job by her neighbour.C) She wanted to help with the family's finances.D) Her family would like to see her more involved in social life.17. A) Doing housework. C) Reading papers and watching TV.B) Looking after her neighbour's children. D) Taking good care of her husband.18. A) Jane got angry at Bill's idle life. C) Bill blamed Jane for neglecting the family.B) Bill failed to adapt to the new situation. D) The children were not taken good care of.19. A) Neighbours should help each other.B) Women should have their own careers.C) Man and wife should share household duties.D) Parents should take good care of their children.Passage TwoQuestions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.20. A) To predict natural disasters that can cause vast destruction.B) To limit the destruction that natural disasters may cause.C) To gain financial support from the United Nations.D) To propose measures to hold back natural disasters.21. A) There is still a long way to go before man can control natural disasters.B) International cooperation can minimize the destructive force of natural disasters.C) Technology can help reduce the damage natural disasters may cause.D) Scientists can successfully predict earthquakes.22. A) There were fatal mistakes in its design.B) The builder didn't observe the building codes of the time.C) The traffic load went beyond its capacity.D) It was built according to less strict earthquake resistance standards.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A) By judging to what extent they can eliminate the risks.B) By estimating the possible loss of lives and property.C) By estimating the frequency of volcanic eruptions.D) By judging the possible risks against the likely benefits.24. A) One of Etna's recent eruptions made many people move away.B) Etna's frequent eruptions have ruined most of the local farmland.C) Etna's eruptions are frequent but usually mild.D) There are signs that Etna will erupt again in the near future.25. A) They will remain where they are. C) They will turn to experts for advice.B) They will leave this area forever. D) They will seek shelter in nearby regions.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time,you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, whenthe passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Certain phrases one commonly hears among Americans capture their devotion to individualism: "Do your own thing. " "I did it my way. " "You'll have to decide that for yourself. " "You made your bed, now 26 in it. " "If you don't look out for yourself, no one else will. " "Look out for number one."Closely associated with the value they place on individualism is the importance Americans 27 privacy. Americans assume that people "need some time to themselves" or "some time alone" to 28things or recover their spent psychological energy. Americans have great 29 understanding foreignerswho always want to be with another person, who dislike being alone.If the parents can 30 it, each child will have his or her own bedroom. Having one's own bedroom, even as an infant, fixes in a person the notion that she 31 a place of her own where she can be by herself, and keep her possessions. She will have her clothes, her toys, her books, and so on. These things will be hers and no one else's.Americans 32 that people will have their private thoughts that might never be shared with anyone. Doctors, lawyers, psychiatrists, and others have rules governing "confidentiality" that 33 prevent information about their clients' personal situations from becoming known to others.Americans' attitudes about 34 can be hard for foreigners to understand. Americans' houses, yards, and even their offices can seem open and inviting. Yet in the minds of Americans, there are 35 that other people are simply not supposed to cross. When those boundaries are crossed, an American's body will visibly stiffen and his manner will become cool and aloof.Part III Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.When my mother's health was failing, I was the "bad" sister who lived far away and wasn't involved.My sister helped my parents. She never asked me to do anything, and I didn't 31 . I was widowed,raising kids and working, but that wasn't really why I kept to weekly calls and short, infrequent visits. Iwas 37 in my adolescent role as the aloof (超脱的) achiever, defending myself from my 38 motherand other family craziness. As always, I turned a deaf ear to my sister's criticisms about my not being around more—and I didn't hear her rising desperation. It wasn't until my mom's 39 , watching my dadand sister cling to each other and weep, that I got a hint of their long painful experience—and how badlyI'd behaved.My sister was so furious, she 40 spoke to me during my father's last years. To be honest, I'm not a terrible person. So how did I get it so wrong.We hear a lot about the 41 of taking care of our graying population. But the big story beneath the surface is the psychological crisis among middle-aged siblings (兄弟姐妹) who are fighting toward issues involving their aging parents. According to a new survey, an estimated 43.5 million adults in the US are looking after an older 42 or friend. Of these, 43% said they did not feel they had a 43 in this role.And although 7 in 10 said another unpaid caregiver had 44 help in the past year, only 1 in 10 said the burden was split equally.As siblings who are often separated geographically and emotionally, we are having to come togetherto decide such 45 issues as where Mom and Dad should live and where they should be buried. "It's likebeing put down with your siblings in the center of a nuclear reactor and being told, ' Figure it out,' " says University of Colorado psychologist Sara Honn Qualls.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph fromwhich the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Eachparagraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2.Norman Borlaug: 'Father of the Green Revolution'A)Few people have quietly changed the world for the better more than this rural lad from themidwestern state of Iowa in the United States. The man in focus is Norman Borlaug, the Father of the 'Green Revolution', who died on September 12, 2009 at age 95. Norman Borlaug spent most of his 60working years in the farmlands of Mexico, South Asia and later in Africa, fighting world hunger, andsaving by some estimates up to a billion lives in the process. An achievement, fit for a Nobel PeacePrize.Early YearsB) "I'm a product of the great depression" is how Borlaug described himself. A great-grandson ofNorwegian immigrants to the United States, Borlaug was born in 1914 and grew up on a small farm inthe northeastern corner of Iowa in a town called Cresco. His family had a 40-hectare (公顷) farm onwhich they grew wheat, maize (玉米) and hay and raised pigs and cattle. Norman spent most of histime from age 7-17 on the farm, even as he attended a one-room, one-teacher school at New Oregonin Howard County.C) Borlaug didn't have money to go to college. But through a Great Depression era programme, knownas the National Youth Administration, Borlaug was able to enroll in the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis to study forestry. He excelled in studies and received his Ph. D. in plant pathology (病理学) and genetics in 1942. From 1942 to 1944, Borlaug was employed as a microbiologist at DuPont in Wilmington. However, following the December 7,1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, Borlaug tried to join the military, but was rejected under wartime labour regulations.In MexicoD) In 1944, many experts warned of mass starvation in developing nations where populations wereexpanding faster than crop production. Borlaug began work at a Rockefeller Foundation-funded project in Mexico to increase wheat production by developing higher-yielding varieties of the crop. It involved research in genetics, plant breeding, plant pathology, entomology (昆虫学) , agronomy (农艺学), soil science, and cereal technology. The goal of the project was to boost wheat production in Mexico, which at the time was importing a large portion of its grain. Borlaug said that his first couple of years in Mexico were difficult. He lacked trained scientists and equipment. Native farmers were hostile towards the wheat programme because of serious crop losses from 1939 to 1941 due to stem rust.E) Wheat varieties that Borlaug worked with had tall, thin stalks. While taller wheat competed better forsunlight, they had a tendency to collapse under the weight of extra grain—a trait called lodging. To overcome this, Borlaug worked on breeding wheat with shorter and. stronger stalks, which could hold on larger seed heads. Borlaug's new semi-dwarf, disease-resistant varieties, called Pitic 62 and Penjamo 62, changed the potential yield of Mexican wheat dramatically. By 1963 wheat production in Mexico stood six times more than that of 1944.Green Revolution in IndiaF) During the 1960s, South Asia experienced severe drought condition and India had beenimporting wheat on a large scale from the United States. Borlaug came to India in 1963 along with Dr.Robert Anderson to duplicate his Mexican success in the sub-continent. The experiments began with planting a few of the high-yielding variety strains in the fields of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute at Pusa in New Delhi, under the supervision of Dr. M. S. Swaminathan. These strains were subsequently planted in test plots at Ludhiana, Pantnagar, Kanpur, Pune and Indore. The results were promising, but large-scale success, however, was not instant. Cultural opposition to new agricultural techniques initially prevented Borlaug from going ahead with planting of new wheat strains in India.By 1965, when the drought situation turned alarming. the government took the lead and allowed wheat revolution to move forward. By employing agricultural techniques he developed in Mexico, Borlaug was able to nearly double South Asian wheat harvests between 1965 and 1970.G) India subsequently made a huge commitment to Mexican wheat, importing some 18,000 tonnes ofseed. By 1968, it was clear that the Indian wheat harvest was nothing short of revolutionary. It was so productive that there was a shortage of labour to harvest it, of bull carts to haul it to the threshing floor (打谷场), of jute (黄麻) bags to store it. Local governments in some areas were forced to shut down schools temporarily to use them as store houses.H) United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization( FAO) observed that in 40 years between 1961and 2001, "India more than doubled its population, from 452 million to more than 1 billion. At the same time, it nearly tripled its grain production from 87 million tonnes to 231 million tonnes. It accomplished this feat while increasing cultivated grain acreage (土地面积) a mere 8 percent. " It was in India that Norman Borlaug's work was described as the' Green Revolution. 'I n AfricaI) Africa suffered widespread hunger and starvation through the 70s and 80s. Food and aid poured infrom most developed countries into the continent, but thanks to the absence of efficient distributionsystem, the hungry remained empty-stomach. The then Chairman of the Nippon Foundation, RyoichiSasakawa wondered why the methods used in Mexico and India were not extended to Africa. Hecalled up Norman Borlaug, now leading a semi-retired life, for help. He managed to convince Borlaugto help with his new effort and subsequently founded the Sasakawa Africa Association. Borlaug laterrecalled, "but after I saw the terrible circumstances there, I said, ' Let's just start growing' ".J) The success in Africa was not as spectacular as it was in India or Mexico. Those elements that allowed Borlaug's projects to succeed, such as well-organized economies and transportation andirrigation systems, were severely lacking throughout Africa. Because of this, Borlaug's initial projectswere restricted to developed regions of the continent. Nevertheless, yields of maize, sorghum（高梁）and wheat doubled between 1983 and 1985.Nobel PrizeK) For his contributions to the world food supply, Borlaug was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970.Norwegian officials notified his wife in Mexico City at 4:00 a. m. , but Borlaug had already left forthe test fields in the Toluca valley, about 65 km west of Mexico City. A chauffeur (司机) took her tothe fields to inform her husband Borlaug said, "the first essential component of social justice isadequate food for all mankind. Food is the moral right of all who are born into this world. Yet, 50percent of the world population goes hungry. "Green Revolution vs EnvironmentalistsL) Borlaug's advocacy of intensive high-yield agriculture came under severe criticism from environmentalists in recent years. His work faced environmental and socio-economic criticismsincluding charges that his methods have created dependence on monoculture crops, unsustainablefarming practices, heavy indebtedness among subsistence farmers, and high levels of cancer amongthose who work with agriculture chemicals. There are also concerns about the long-term sustainabilityof farming practices encouraged by the Green Revolution in both the developed and the developingworld.M) In India, the Green Revolution is blamed for the destruction of Indian crop diversity, drought vulnerability, dependence on agro-chemicals that poison soils but reap large-scale benefits mostly tothe American multi-national corporations. What these critics overwhelmingly advocate is a globalmovement towards " organic" or "sustainable" farming practices that avoid using chemicals and hightechnology in favour of natural fertilizers, cultivation and pest-control programmes.46. Borlaug's new varieties of wheat have shorter stems and stronger resistance to disease.47. A large part of Borlaug's life was spent in increasing food supply of poor countries andcombating hunger.48. Borlaug's wheat programme met with resistance during his first couple of years in Mexico.49. In both developed and developing countries there are concerns whether in the long runBorlaug's farming practices will be sustainable.50. The lack of necessary supporting facilities in Africa prevented Borlaug from achieving brilliantsuccess.51. Borlaug was not able to get ahead with his experiments in India until the government intervened.52. Borlaug believes that elimination of hunger is one essential element in ensuring social justice.53. The poorly-managed distribution system prevented the food aid from feeding the hungry in Africa.54. Statistics indicate that India achieved a dramatic increase of grain production with a modestincrease of farming land.55. Critics blame Green Revolution for producing a huge profit for the American agro-chemicalcorporations.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D）. You shoulddecide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a singleline through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.In 2011, many shoppers chose to avoid the frantic crowds and do their holiday shopping from thecomfort of their computer. Sales at online retailers gained by more than 15%, making it the biggest season ever. But people are also returning those purchases at record rates, up 8% from last year.What went wrong? Is the lingering shadow of the global financial crisis making it harder to accept extravagant indulgences? Or that people shop more impulsively—and therefore make bad decisions—when online? Both arguments are plausible. However, there is a third factor: a question of touch. We can love the look but, in an online environment, we cannot feel the quality of a texture, the shape of the fit, the fall of a fold or, for that matter, the weight of an earring. And physically interacting with anobject makes you more committed to your purchase.When my most recent book Brandwashed was released, I teamed up with a local bookstore to conductan experiment about the differences between the online and offline shopping experience. I carefullyinstructed a group of volunteers to promote my book in two different ways. The first was a fairly hands-off approach. Whenever a customer would inquire about my book, the volunteer would take them over to theshelf and point to it. Out of 20 such requests, six customers proceeded with the purchase.The second option also involved going over to the shelf but, this time, removing the book and thensubtly holding onto it for just an extra moment before placing it in the customer's hands. Of the 20 people who were handed the book, 13 ended up buying it. Just physically passing the book showed a big difference in sales. Why? We feel something similar to a sense of ownership when we hold things inour hand. That's why we establish or reestablish connection by greeting strangers and friends with a handshake. In this case, having to then let go of the book after holding it might generate a subtle senseof loss, and motivate us to make the purchase even more.A recent study also revealed the power of touch, in this case when it came to conventional mail. Adeeper and longer-lasting impression of a message was formed when delivered in a letter, as opposed toreceiving the same message online. Brain imaging showed that, on touching the paper, the emotionalcenter of the brain was activated, thus forming a stronger bond. The study also indicated that once touchbecomes part of the process, it could translate into a sense of possession. This sense of ownership is simplynot part of the equation in the online shopping experience.56. Why do people prefer shopping online according to the author?A) It is more comfortable and convenient.B) It saves them a lot of money and time.C) It offers them a lot more options and bargains.D) It gives them more time to think about their purchase.57. Why do more customers return their purchases bought online?A) They regretted indulging in costly items in the recession.B) They changed their mind by the time the goods were delivered.C) They had no chance to touch them when shopping online.D) They later found the quality of goods below their expectations.58. What is the purpose of the author's experiment?A ) To test his hypothesis about online shopping.B) To find out people's reaction to his recent book.C) To find ways to increase the sale of his new book.D) To try different approaches to sales promotion.59. How might people feel after letting go of something they held?A) A sense of disappointment. C) A subtle loss of interest.B) More motivated to own it. D) Less sensitive to its texture.60. What does brain imaging in a recent study reveal?A) Conventional letters contain subtle messages.B) A lack of touch is the chief obstacle to e-commerce.C) Email lacks the potential to activate the brain.D) Physical touch helps form a sense of possession.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Apparently everyone knows that global warming only makes climate more extreme. A hot, dry summer has triggered another flood of such claims. And, while many interests are at work, one of the players that benefits the most from this story are the media: the notion of "extreme" climate simply makes for more compelling news.Consider Paul Krugman, writing breathlessly in the New York Times about the "rising incidence of extreme events. " He claims that global warming caused the current drought in America's Midwest, and that supposedly record-high corn prices could cause a global food crisis.But the United Nations climate panel's latest assessment tells us precisely the opposite: For "North America, there is medium confidence that there has an overall slight tendency toward less dryness. " Moreover, there is no way that Krugman could have identified this drought. as being caused by global warming without a time machine: Climate models estimate that such detection will be possible by 2048, allthe earliest.And, fortunately, this year's drought appears unlikely to cause a food crisis, as global rice and wheat supplies remain plentiful. Moreover, Krugman overlooks inflation: Prices have increased six-fold since 1969, so, while corn futures(期货) did set a record of about $8 per bushel (蒲式耳) in late July, the inflation-adjusted price of corn was higher throughout most of the 1970s, reaching $ 16 in 1974.Finally, Krugman conveniently forgets that concerns about global warming are the main reason that corn prices have skyrocketed since 2005. Nowadays 40 percent of corn grown in the United States is usedto produce ethanol（乙醇），which does absolutely nothing for the climate, but certainly distorts the price of corn—at the expense of many of the world's poorest people.Bill Mckibben similarly worries in The Guardian about the Midwest drought and corn prices. He confidently tells us that raging wildfires from New Mexico and Colorado to Siberia are“exactly" what the early stages of global warming look like.In fact, the latest overview of global wildfire incidence suggests that fire intensity has declined overthe past 70 years and is now close to its preindustrial level.When well-meaning campaigners want us to pay attention to global warming, they often end up pitching beyond the facts. And, while this may seem justified by a noble goal, such "policy by panic" tactics rarely work, and often backfire.Remember how, in the wake of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Al Gore claimed that we were in store for ever more destructive hurricanes? Since then, hurricane incidence has dropped off the charts. Exaggerated claims merely fuel public distrust and disengagement.That is unfortunate, because global warming is a real problem, and we do need to address it.61. In what way do the media benefit from extreme weather?A) They can attract people's attention to their reports.B) They can choose from a greater variety of topics.C) They can make themselves better known.D) They can give voice to different views.62. What is the author's comment on Krugman's claim about the current drought in America's Midwest?A) A time machine is needed to testify to its truth.B) It is based on an erroneous climate model.C) It will eventually get proof in 2048.D) There is no way to prove its validity.63. What is the chief reason for the rise in corn prices according to the author?A) Demand for food has been rising in the developing countries.。

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