河南师范大学831英语写作与翻译2009--2015年考研专业课初试真题汇编
2015年河南师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题_真题-无答案
2015年河南师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题(总分100,考试时间120分钟)V ocabulary and GrammarDirections: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that **pletes the sentence.1. The plans for the new office and apartment building were ________ a few weeks ago.A. drawn to recedeB. drawn outC. drawn upD. drawn in2. TV, if properly used, can ________ a child‟s imagination.A. stimulateB. arouseC. inciteD. arise3. Those battered old trousers of his are a ________ joke to all his friends.A. steadyB. standingC. stableD. persisting4. We wondered how the information was ________ to the press before it was officially announced.A. droppedB. seepedC. leakedD. dripped5. As you can see, this is a highly ________ computer system.A. intelligibleB. absorbingC. harmonizedD. sophisticated6. It‟s widely known that first aid is________ important and you can save lives if the right action is taken.A. terriblyB. hardlyC. scarcelyD. rarely7. ________ they sometimes swim alone, dolphins usually congregate in large groups, often numbering in the hundreds.A. WhyB. AlthoughC. EvenD. Nevertheless8. Louisa May Alcott published her first book, Flower Fables, ________ of fairy tales,in 1854.A. which a collectionB. a collection wasC. a collectionD. in which a collection9. Copper ________ used by humans and is second only to iron in its utility through the ages.A. the first metalB. was the first metalC. the first metal thatD. being the first metal10. Shoddy goods at the exhibition will be sold at a reduced rate on a ________ bases.A. moneyB. changeC. dollarD. cash11. The students are allowed to take only such books ________ really necessary.A. as areB. as they areC. as whenD. as if12. ________ his parents‟ objections, he would have become an artist.A. It had not been forB. Hadn‟t it been forC. Had it not been forD. If had not been for13. Under no circumstances ________ to sell the land.A. will agreeB. they will agreeC. will agree theyD. will they agree14. It suddenly ________ on me that I had turned to the wrong person for help.A. dawnedB. occurredC. happenedD. known15. During his next race, in the last 100 meters he________ power and was beaten.A. came out ofB. ran out ofC. became out ofD. went out of16. Writing has given her a broader ________ on human nature.A. prospectB. aspectC. perspectiveD. interpretation17. Cars are involved in many accidents, and they ________ heart disease.A. contribute toB. attribute toC. tribute toD. result from18. Because he did a very poor job and came up with bad results, his boss felt that he hadn‟t ________his responsibilities.A. lived up toB. put up withC. looked forward toD. gone in for19. The bad news deprived them________ the hope that there was a safe and socially approved road to success and happiness.A. fromB. withC. aboutD. of20. Barnes ________ to involuntary manslaughter, and on May 29, 1981, a judge gave him three years in prison.A. pleaded guiltB. admitted guiltC. pleaded guiltyD. admitted guilty21. The early chill of approaching winter mingles with the ________ warmth of summer so that on dry days the air becomes alive.A. remainingB. delayingC. loiteringD. lingering22. I‟m afraid that cloth with a loose ________ will not wash well.A. shapeB. textureC. materialD. structure23. One of the problems our government has to deal with is the ________ of the growing number of plastic containers.A. dissolutionB. disposalC. disappearanceD. disposition24. The tap is ________ because it needs a new washer.A. dribblingB. rippingC. runningD. dripping25. Has he changed his mind again? I wish he‟d at least be ________.A. persistentB. consistentC. constantD. compatible26. She obviously had no ________ of discouraging the individual growth and self-respect of the students.A. desireB. intentionC. ambitionD. willingness27. We are not sure why she didn‟t go into the advanced class, but we ________ she failed the English Proficiency Test.A. predictB. deduceC. induceD. suspect28. The unfair criticism left Norman quite ________ with anger.A. spellboundB. speechlessC. silentD. mute29. The zoo attendant opened the cage and tried hard to ________ the tigers back in.A. pacifyB. reassureC. induceD. coax30. As a rule, Dad is generous, but as a businessman, he usually drives a hard ________.A. negotiationB. dealC. bargainD. agreementReading ComprehensionSection 1Directions: Read the following passages and then choose the best answer in each of the questions following them.Passage AWhich is safer—staying at home, traveling to work on public transport, or working in the office? Surprisingly, each of these carries the same risk, which is very low. However, what about **pared to working in the chemical industry? Unfortunately, the former is 65 times riskier than the latter! In fact, the accident rate of workers in the chemical industry is less than that of almost any of human activity, and almost as safe as staying at home.The trouble with the chemical industry is that when things go wrong they often cause death to those living nearby. It is this which makes chemical accidents so newsworthy. Fortunately, they are extremely rare. The most famous ones happened at Texas City (1947), Flixborough (1974), Seveso (1976), Pemex (1984) and Bhopal(1984).Some of these are always in the minds of the people even though the loss of life was small. No one died at Seveso, and only 28 workers at Flixborough. The worst accident of all was Bhopal, where up to 3,000 were killed. The Texas City explosion of fertilizer killed 552. The Pemex fire at a storage plant for natural gas in the suburbs of Mexico City took 542 lives, just a month before the unfortunate event at Bhopal.Some experts have discussed these accidents and used each accident to illustrate a particular danger. Thus the Texas City explosion was caused by tons of ammonium nitrate（硝酸铵）,which is safe unless stored in great quantity. The Flixborough fireball was the fault of management, which took risks to keep production going during essential repairs. The Seveso accident shows what happens if the local authorities lack knowledge of the danger on their doorstep. When the poisonous gas drifted over the town, local leaders were incapable of taking effective action. The Pemex fire was made worse by an overloaded site in an overcrowded suburb. The fire set off a chain reaction on exploding storage tanks. Yet, by a miracle, the two largest tanks did not explode. Had these caught fire, then 3,000 strong rescue team and fire fighters would all have died.31. Which of the following statements is true?A. Working at the office is safer than staying at home.B. Travelling to work on public transport is safer than working at the office.C. Staying at home is safer than working in the chemical industry.D. Working in the chemical industry is safer than traveling by air.32. Chemical accidents are usually important enough to be reported as news because ________.A. they are very rareB. they often cause loss of lifeC. they always occur in big citiesD. they arouse the interest of all the readers33. According to passage, the chemical accident that caused by the fault of management happened at ________.A. Texas cityB. FlixboroughC. SevesoD. Mexico City34. From the passage we know that ammonium nitrate is a kind of ________.A. natural gas, which can easily catch fireB. fertilizer, which can‟t be stored in a great quantityC. poisonous substance, which can‟t be used in overcrowded areasD. fuel, which is stored in large tanks35. From the discussion among some experts we may conclude that ________.A. to avoid any accidents we should not repair the facilities in chemical industryB. the local authorities should not be concerned with the production of the chemical industryC. all these accidents could have been avoided or controlled if effective measure had been takenD. natural gas stored in very large tanks is always safePassage BWhat we know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a mother to mold the character of her unborn child by studying poetry, art, or mathematics during pregnancy seem utterly impossible. How could such **plex influences pass from the mother to the child? There is no connection between their nervous systems.Even the blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly. An emotional shock to the mother will affect her child, because it changes the activity of her glands and so the chemistry her blood. Any chemical change in the m other‟s blood will affect the child for better or worse. But we cannot see how a looking for mathematics or poetic genius can be dissolved in blood and produce a similar liking or genius in the child.In our discussion of instincts we saw that there was reason to believe that whatever we inherit must be of some very simple sort rather than **plicated or very definite kind of behavior. It is certain that no one inherits knowledge of mathematics. It may be, however, that children inherit more or less of a rather general ability that we may call intelligence. If very intelligent children become deeply interested in mathematics, they will probably make a success of that study.As for musical ability, it may be that what is inherited is an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or the vocal organs connections between nerves and muscles that make it comparatively easy to learn the movements a musician must execute,and particularly vigorous emotions. If these factors are all organized around music, the child may become a musician. The same factors, in other circumstance might be organized about some other center of interest.The rich emotional equipment might find expression in poetry. The capable fingers might develop skill in surgery. It is not the knowledge of music that is inherited, then nor even the love of it, but a certain bodily structure that makes it comparatively easy to acquire musical knowledge and skill. Whether that ability shall be directed toward music or some other undertaking may be decided entirely by forces in the environment in which a child grows up.36. Which of the following statements is not true?A. Some mothers try to influence their unborn children by studying art and other subjects during their pregnancy.B. It is utterly impossible for us to learn anything about prenatal development.C. The blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly.D. There are no connection between mother‟s nervous systems and her unborn child‟s.37. A mother will affect her unborn baby on the condition that ________.A. she is emotionally shockedB. she has a good knowledge of inheritanceC. she takes part in all kind of activitiesD. she sticks to studying38. According to the passage, a child may inherit ________.A. everything from his motherB. knowledge of mathematicsC. a rather general ability that we call intelligenceD. her mother‟s musical ability39. If a child inherits something from his mother, such as an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or of the vocal organs, he will ________.A. surely become musicianB. mostly become a poetC. possibly become a teacherD. become a musician on the condition that all these factors are organized around music40. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Role of Inheritance.B. An Unborn Child.C. Function of instincts.D. Inherited Talents.Section 2Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer sheet.In the world of entertainment, TV talk shows have undoubtedly flooded every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one varies in style and forma. But no two shows are more profoundly opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows.Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of “trash talk”. The topics on his show are as shocking as shocking can be. For example, the show takes the **mon talk show themes of love, sex, cheating, guilt, hate, conflict and morality to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is a display and exploitation of society‟s moral catastrophes, yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments of other people‟s lives.Live Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its extreme, but Oprah goes in the opposite direction, the show focuses on the improvement of society and an individual‟s quality of life. Topics range from teaching your children responsibility, managing your workweek, to getting to know your pared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being dumped on society. Jerry ends every show with a “final word”. He makes a small speech that sums up the entire moral of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable.Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show‟s main target audiences are middle-class Americans. Most of these people have the time, money, and stability to deal with life‟s tougher problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of an association with the young adults of society. These are 18- to 21-year-olds whose main troubles in life involve love, relationship, sex, money and peers. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned underneath the show‟s exploitation.While the two sh ows are as different as night and day, both have ruled the talk show circuit for many years now. Each one caters to a different audience while both have a strong following from large groups of fans. Ironically, both could also be considered pioneers in the talk show world.41. What do you think of the Jerry Springer and the Oprah **pared with other TV talk shows? List some words to support yourselves.42. What kinds of characteristics are contained in Jerry Springer talks and Oprah Winfrey talks respectively?43. Why are Jerry Springer talks and Oprah Winfrey talks so popular?If you want to know why Denmark is the world‟s leader in wind power, start with a three-hour car trip from the capital Copenhagen—mind the bicyclists—to the small town of Lem on the far west coast of Jutland. You‟ll fell it as you cross the 6.8 km—long Great Belt Bridge: Denmark‟s bountiful wind, so fierce even on a calm summer‟s day that it threatens to shove your car into the waves below. But wind itself is only part of the reason. In Lem, workers in factories the size of aircraft hangers build the wind turbines sold by Vestas, the **pany that has emerged as the industry‟s top manufacturer around the globe. The work is both gross and fine; employees weld together massive curved sheets of steel to make central shafts as tall as a 14-story building, and assemble engine housings that hold some 18,000 separate parts. Most impressive are the turbine‟s blades, which scoop the wind with each sweeping revolution. As smooth as an Olympic swimsuit and honed to aerodynamic perfection, each blade weighs in at 7,000 kg, and they‟re what help make vestas‟ turbines the best in the world. “The blade is where the secret is,” says Erik Therkelsen, a vestas executive. “I f we can make a turbine, it‟s sold.”But technology, like the wind itself, is just one more part of the reason for Denmark‟s dominance. In the end, it happened because Denmark had the political and public will to decide that it wanted to be a leader—and to follow through. Beginning in 1979, the government began a determined programme of subsidies and loan guarantees to build up its wind industry. Copenhagen covered 30% of investment costs, and guarantees loans for large turbine exporters such as Vestas. It also mandated that utilities purchase wind energy at a preferential price—thus guaranteeing investors a customer base. Energy taxes were channeled into research centers, where engineers crafted designs that would eventually produce cutting-edge giants like Vestas‟ 3-magawatt (MW) V90 turbine.As a result, wind turbines now dot Denmark. The country gets more than 19% of its electricity from the breeze (Spain and Portugal, the next highest countries, get about 10%) and **panies control one-third of the global wind market, earning billions in exports and creating a national champion from scratch. “They were out early in driving renewables, and that gave them the chance to be a technology leader and a job-creation leader,” says Jake Schmidt, international climate policy director for the New York City-based Natural Resources Defense Council. “They have always been one or two steps ahead of others.”The challenge now for Denmark is to help the rest of the world catch up. Beyond wind, the country (pop. 5.5 million) is a world leader in energy efficiency, getting more GDP per watt than any other member of the E.U. Carbon emissions are down 13.3% from 1990 levels and total energy consumption has barely moved, even as Denmark‟s eco nomy continued to grow at a healthy clip. With Copenhagen set to host all-important U.N. climate change talks in December—where the world hopes for a successor to the expiring Kyoto Protocol—and the global recession beginning to hit environmental plans in capitals everywhere, Denmark‟s example couldn‟t be more timely. “We‟ll try to make Denmark a showroom,” says Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen. “You can reduce energy use and carbon emission, and achieve economic growth.&rd quo;It‟s tempting to assume that Denmark is innately green, with the kind of Scandinavian good conscience that has made it such apleasant global citizen since, oh, the whole Viking thing. But the country‟s policies were actually born from a different emotion, one now in common currency: fear. When the 1973 oil crisis hit, 90% of Denmark‟s energy came from petroleum, almost all of it imported. Buffeted by the same supply shocks that hit the rest of the developed world, Denmark launched a rapid drive for energy conservation, to the point of introducing car-free Sundays and asking business to switch off lights during closing hours. Eventually the Mideast oil started flowing again, and the Danes themselves began enjoying the benefits of the petroleum and natural gas in their slice of the North Sea. It was enough to make them more than self-sufficient. But unlike most other countries, Denmark never forgot the lessons of 1973, and kept driving for greater energy efficiency and a more diversified energy supply. The Danish parliament raised taxes on energy to encourage conservation and established subsidies and standard to support more efficient buildings. “It all started out without any regard for the climate or the environment,” says Svend Auken, the former head of Denmark‟s opposition Social Democrat Party and the architect of the country‟s environmental policies in the 1990s. “But today there‟s a consensus that we need to build renewable power.”To the rest of the world, Denmark has the power of its example, showing that you can stay rich and grow green at the same time. “Denmark has proven that acting on climate can be a positive experience, not just painful,” says NRDC‟s Schmidt. The real pain **e from failing to follow in their footsteps.44. What does the author mean by “Denmark‟s example couldn‟t be more timely”?45. According to the passage, what is the origination of Denmark‟s energy-saving policies? Writing46. For this part, you are required to write a composition of about 400 words entitled “Say No to Chinese in English Class”.。
2015年河南师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2015年河南师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1. The plans for the new office and apartment building were _____ a few weeks ago.A. drawn to recedeB. drawn outC. drawn upD. drawn in【答案】C【解析】句意：关于新办公室和公寓大楼的计划几周前起草了。
draw up起草；停住；使靠近。
draw out取出；拟订；拉长；导致。
draw in引诱；进站；接近黄昏。
2. TV, if properly used, can _____ a child’s imagination.A. stimulateB. arouseC. inciteD. arise【答案】A【解析】句意：如果使用得当的话，电视可以激发孩子的想象力。
stimulate one’s imagination激发某人的想象力。
arouse引起；唤醒；股利。
incite煽动；激励；刺激。
arise为不及物动词，意为“出现；上升”。
3. Those battered old trousers of his are a _____ joke to all his friends.A. steadyB. standingC. stableD. persisting【答案】B【解析】句意：他那破旧的裤子成为了他所有朋友中的笑料。
2014年河南师范大学831英语写作与翻译考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2014年河南师范大学831英语写作与翻译考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Explain the Following Terms Briefly. （10 points, 2 points each）1. skopos theory2. untranslatability3. cannibalism4. transeme5. intralingual translation【参考答案】1. Skopos theory is an approach to translation which was put forward by Hans Vemeer and developed in Germany in the late 1970s and which oriented a more functionally and socioculturally concept of translation. Translation is considered not as a process of translation, but as a specific form of human action.2. Untranslatability is a property of a text, or of any utterance, in one language, for which no equivalent text or utterance can be found in another language when translated.3. Cannibalism is the act of one individual of a species consuming all or part of another individual of the same species as food. To consume the same species, or show cannibalistic behavior, is a common ecological interaction in the animal kingdom, and has been recorded for more than 1,500 species. Human cannibalism is well-documented, both in ancient and recent times.4. Leuven-Zwart’s transeme model is generally regarded as the most detailed and comprehensive approach for the purpose of translation analysis. It consists of a “comparative model” and a “descriptive model.” In the comparative model, the ST and TT are first divided into segments of transeme.5. Intralingual translation is the translation between the variants of the same language.Ⅱ. Translate the Following into Chinese. （40 points）Rural Life in EnglandWashington IrvingNothing can be more imposing than the magnificence of English park scenery. Vast lawns that extend like sheets of vivid green, with here and there clumps of gigantic trees, heaping up rich piles of foliage: the solemn pomp of groves and woodland glades, with the deer trooping in silent herds across them; the hare, hounding away to the covert; or the pheasant, suddenly bursting upon the wing; the brook, taught to wind in natural meanderings or expand into a glassy lake; the sequestered pool, reflecting the quivering trees, with the yellow leaf sleeping on its bosom, and the trout roaming fearlessly about its limpid waters; while some rustice temple or sylvan statue, grown green and dank with age, gives an air of classic sanctity to the seclusion.These are but a few of the features of park scenery; but what most delights me, is the creative talent with which the English decorate the unostentatious abodes ofmiddle life. The rudest habitation, the most unpromising and scanty portion of land, in the hands of an Englishman of taste, becomes a little paradise.The sterile spot grows into loveliness under hi （an Englishman）hands, and yet the operations of art which produce the effect are scarcely to be perceived. The cherishing and training of some trees; the cautious pruning of others; the nice distribution of lowers and plants of tender and graceful foliage; the introduction of a green slope of velvet turf; the partial opening to a peep of blue distance, or silver gleam of water; all these are managed with a delicate tact, a pervading yet quiet assiduity, like the magic touchings with which a painter finishes up a favorite picture.The residence of people of fortune and refinement in the country has diffused a degree of taste and elegance in rural economy that descends to the lowest class. The very laborer, with his thatched cottage and narrow slip of ground, attends to their embellishment. The trim hedge, the grass-plot before the door, the wall, and hanging its blossoms about the lattice, the pot of flowers in the window, the holly, providently planted about the house, to cheat winter of its dreariness, and to throw in a semblance of green summer to cheer the fireside; all these bespeak the influence of taste, flowing down from high sources and pervading the lowest levels of the public mind. If ever Love, as poets sing, delights to visit a cottage, it must be the cottage of an English peasant.【参考译文】英国的园林景色宏伟壮丽，感人至深。
2018年河南师范大学831英语写作与翻译考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2018年河南师范大学831英语写作与翻译考研真题及详解I. Term Explanation. （10%）Please Explain the Following Two Terms in English.a）Foreignization （5%）b）Functional equivalence （5%）【参考答案】a）It’s a term used by Venuti （1995）to designate the type of translation in which a TT is produced which deliberately breaks target conventions by retaining something of the foreignness of the original” F oreignization actually isn’t a translation, but a kind of transplantation. It aims to k eep the peculiarity of SL’s culture and itself. It tries to constantly remind the reader that the text is not in the original by for example allowing some words and expression to stay in the SL, changing the syntax or in other ways making the reader feel that the text is foreign. Through a foreignized translation text, the TL reader gets to know an exotic atmosphere, a new culture and the characteristics of a foreign language, which can enrich the expressions of their own language and even wipe away the weak points of their culture.b）Functional equivalence is a translation theory put forward by Eugene Nida. It is the core of his translation theory. According to Nida, translating consists reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the sourcelanguage message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.II. English-Chinese Translation （40%）Translate the Underlined Parts into Chinese.Cross-racial hostility is the stepchild of racism. The dynamics of cross-racial hostility are created by the imbalances on treatment between racially oppressed people based on exaggerated differences among us. Each group has its unique history of discrimination, racial violence, and institutionalized prejudice. Historically, each group “served” a particular role in meeting the socioeconomic needs of white America. For example, during western expansion in the 1800s.while the debate over free versus slave state raged, thousands of Chinese men were brought in to work the mines and railroads. The Chinese were not slaves but they were not free. The Chinese were also subject to lynching and other forms of violence from whites because of their race. After working the mines and railroads, the Chinese were barred from the trades and all but domestic employment. For the most part, they were left to support their own through family-owned stores, laundries, and restaurants in Chinatown ghettoes. The same, yet not the same. Different, yet not different.Where differences among white people tend to be evened out by white privilege, differences among people of color are blown out of proportion with personal jealousies and betrayal, encouraged by whites. The difference between the house nigger and the field nigger is a classic example of howdifferential/preferential treatment split and divided us. Both were slaves for life, but one was treated conspicuously better than the other. For example, “the light-skinned blacks, usually the offspring of white men and black women, were typically given the preferred wo rk inside the master’s home, while darker-skinned blacks were relegated to field work.”There was no guarantee this exemption would continue from one day to the next. The house nigger’s situation was always precarious. Their “privileges” and “status” could be taken away for any or no reason. In the daily ruthless life and death struggle, the desire for preferential treatment often overshadowed feelings of hatred for the master and replaced it with jealous hatred for each other.【参考译文】每个群体都经受过各异的种族歧视、种族暴力和制度化偏见的摧残。
河南师范大学考研英语-翻译专项试题
河南师范大学考研英语-翻译专项试题一、考研英语翻译英译汉1．People’s attitudes towards gift giving may vary from country to country．A．人们的态度是国家之间要送礼物。
B．不同的国家的人对送礼的态度各不相同。
C．国与国之问人们对送礼物的看法不尽相同。
D．各国人们送礼的做法都在变化。
【答案】C【解析】本题的翻译要点是对“attitude”和“vary”这两短语意思的理解。
“attitude”意为“看法”，而不是“态度”、“做法”，“vary”是“各不相同”的意思，并不是“变化”。
因此选项A、B和D均存在不同程度的理解错误。
知识模块：英译汉2． Not until the problem 0f talents and funds is solved, is our talking about the project meaningful．A．不到解决人才和资金问题的时候，无须讨论这项工程的。
B．讨论这项工程有无意义要看人才和资金问题能否得到解决。
C．只有解决了人才和资金问题，讨论这项工程才有意义。
D．解决人才和资金问题与讨论这项工程具有同样重要的意义。
【答案】C【解析】本题的翻译要点是对“Not until…”这个句型的理解。
该句表示强调，意为“直到……才”。
选项D对句型理解有误。
选项A和选项B没有把强调的语气翻译出来，且选项A后半句有漏译现象。
知识模块：英译汉3．There is no way we’ll get lost in the mountains, since the tour guide has figured out the return route.A) 我们根本不会在山里迷路，因为导游已回到了原来的路线上。
B) 既然导游已经弄清了返程的路线，我们就绝不会在山里迷路。
C) 因为我们在山里迷失了方向无路可走，导游只好按原路返回。
河南师范大学831英语写作与翻译
2018年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目代码与名称：831英语写作与翻译适用专业或方向：外国语言文学、学科教学（英语）妥考试时间：3小时满分：150分试题编号：A卷（必须在答题纸上答题，在试卷上答题无效，答题纸可向监考老师索要）I.Term Explanation.(10%)Please Explain the Following Two Terms in English.a)Foreignization(5%)b)Functional equivalence(5%)II.English-Chinese Translation(40%)Translate the Underlined Parts into Chinese.Cross-racial hostility is the stepchild of racism.The dynamics of cross-racial hostility are created by the imbalances on treatment between racially oppressed people based on exaggerated differences among us.Each group has its unique history of discrimination,racial violence,and institutionalized prejudice.Historically、each group''served''a particular role in meeting the socioeconomic needs of white America. For example,during western expansion in the1800s,while the debate over versus slave state raged,thousands of Chinese men were brought in to work the mines and railroads.The Chinese were not slaves but they were not fi~ee.The Chinese were also subject to lynching and other forms of violence f?om whites because of their race. After working the mines and railroads,the Chinese were barred f?om the trades and all but domestic employment.For the most part they were left to support their own through family-owned undries,and restaurants in Chinatown ghettoes.The第1页，共3页same,yet not the same.Different,yet not different.Where differences among white people tend to be evened out by white privilege, differences among people of color arc blown out of proportion with personal jealousies and betrayal,encouraged by whites.The difference between the house nigger and the field nigger is a classic example of how differential/Dreferential treatment split and divided us.Both were slaves for lifb,but one was treated conspicuously better than the other.For examDle,"the light-skinned blacks,usually the offspring of white men and black women,were typically given the Dreferred work inside the master's home、while darker-skinned blacks were relegated to field work."There ws no guranttee this exemption would continue什om one day to the next. The house nigger's situation was always precarious.Their"privileges''and"status" could be taken away fbr any or no reason.In the daily ruthless li能and death struggle, the desire for preferential treatment often overshadowed fbelings of hatred for the master and replaced it with jealous hatred for each other.III.Chinese-English Translation(40%)Translate the Following Chinese Passage into English.文化是一个国家、一个民族的灵魂。
河南师范大学2011年考研真题
姓名 杨晓航 徐艳 谭雨晴 王影影 范惠惠 唐艳敏 郭俊楠 琚金玲 赵闪 王娅茹 梅炜 洪国庆 毛永霞 王静 赵楠 薛栓 刘士娇 刘涛 董曼茹 杨娟 郝文静 任志敏 高璐璐 王宗敏 武涛 李晓倩 郝燕丽 陈晓 王路凡 乔军军 张同丽 刘桃桃 马婷妍 李婷 杨菲菲 朱莹 刘中刚 何庭伟 李青霞 张贻仕 武志勇 许景丽 苏培庆 柏涛 訾铁光
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河南师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解
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河南师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解一、2019年真题及详解1. 阅读理解第一篇文章是关于“智能家居”的，文章介绍了智能家居的定义、发展历程以及市场前景。
文章提到，智能家居可以为人们带来更加便利的生活体验，但同时也存在一些问题，比如隐私泄露等。
文章最后指出，智能家居是未来的趋势，但需要政府、企业和消费者共同努力来解决其中存在的问题。
第二篇文章是关于“社交媒体”的，文章介绍了社交媒体的定义、发展历程以及对人们生活的影响。
文章提到，社交媒体的出现让人们之间的联系更加紧密，但同时也存在一些问题，比如信息泄露、虚假信息等。
文章最后指出，社交媒体是一把双刃剑，需要人们正确使用，才能发挥其最大的作用。
2. 翻译本年度翻译题为一篇关于“人工智能”的文章，文章介绍了人工智能的发展历程、应用领域以及未来发展方向。
文章指出，人工智能已经在很多领域得到了广泛应用，比如医疗、教育、金融等。
但同时也存在一些问题，比如失业率上升、隐私泄露等。
文章最后指出，人工智能是未来的趋势，需要政府、企业和消费者共同努力来解决其中存在的问题。
二、2018年真题及详解1. 阅读理解第一篇文章是关于“教育”的，文章介绍了教育的定义、发展历程以及现代教育的趋势。
文章提到，现代教育注重培养学生的综合素质，培养学生的创新能力和实践能力。
文章最后指出，教育是国家的根本，需要政府、学校和家长共同努力来推动教育的发展。
第二篇文章是关于“环境保护”的，文章介绍了环境保护的定义、发展历程以及现代环境保护的趋势。
文章提到，现代环境保护注重可持续发展，注重环保产业的发展。
文章最后指出，环境保护是人类的责任，需要政府、企业和个人共同努力来保护环境。
2. 翻译本年度翻译题为一篇关于“全球化”的文章，文章介绍了全球化的定义、发展历程以及对世界的影响。
文章指出，全球化已经成为当今世界的趋势，促进了不同国家之间的交流和合作。
但同时也存在一些问题，比如贫富差距扩大、文化冲突等。