高三英语Unit13—Unit16 知识精讲 人教版

高三英语Unit13—Unit16 知识精讲人教版
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
Unit 13—Unit 16
二. 知识总结与归纳：
应掌握的重点短语：
1. benefit from…
2. range from….to…
3. all the way
4. break down
5.take advantage of…
6. give off
7. add…to…
8. call in
9. a variety of..
10. set an example to…
11. from then on
12. start with
13. give a voice to….
14. regardless of…
15. at first sight…
16. every now and then
17. a glimpse of…
18. get rid of
19. cool off
20. be home to…
21. in vain
22. be determined to do
23. on sale
24. leave…behind…
25. in turn
26. live on
重要语言点总结与归纳：
1. Life in the oceans ranges from the tiniest plankton all the way up to giants like sharks and whales.
range：在一定范围内变化。

固定短语：range from….to…：从……到……不等。

Prices ranged from 5dollars to 10 dollars.
Their ages range from 12 to 25.
2. The nutrients in whatever falls into the ocean quickly become available to other living creatures.
任何落入海洋的物质中的营养物都会很快被其他生物所吸收利用的.
whatever falls into the ocean作为宾语从句做介词in的宾语。

Whatever引导名词性从句，表示：任何……东西。

available：可用的，可以得到的。

I’m sorry, those overcoats are not available i n your size.
Attention, please. These tickets are available on the day of issue only.
3. If a substance has a higher density, say 5,000kg/m3, it will not float on water.
假设一个物质密度更大，比方说每立方米5,000千克，那它就不会浮在水面上。

say：设想，假定，比如说。

Say you are away, who would look after your mother ?
Let’s take any writer, say Dickens…
4. Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus creating
a stable environment.
水能吸收并释放很多的热量而温度变化不大,因此创造了稳定的环境。

thus creating a stable environment：现在分词短语做结果状语。

前面带有副词thus，表示一种“可预见的，顺理成章的〞自然结果。

Estuaries are also important because they absorb nutrients and pollutants from water coming from inland sources, thus cleaning our water.
大河入海口也很重要是因为它们能从内陆河水中吸收营养物和污染物，从而清洁了水资源。

We increase the length of the wire, thus increasing its resistance.
注意：动词不定式only to do表示“消极〞的结果，常用的动词有：find; hear; learn; see make; give; be told 等。

I hurried all the way there only to be told that the meeting had been put off.
5. Tides provide energy for the ecosystems, but estuaries are protected from waves and storms by island, mud or sand.
海潮为生态系统提供了能量，河口如此由于受到岛屿和泥沙的保护而免遭海浪和风暴的影响。

provide：提供。

常用短语：provide sb. with sth. / provide sth.to/for sb.
The library provides us with a lot of books.
provided/ providing引导条件状语从句，表示：如果，只要。

Providing that no objection is raised, we shall hold the meeting here.
6. All his life he believed that it was right and necessary to demand changes in society if people did not have their civil rights.
demand：要求；需要；询问常见短语：demand to do; 句型：demand that 从句〔should do / should be done..〕
He demanded to be told everything.
The teacher demands that their students not be in the classroom during sports time.
7. Starting at almost the same time were the international movements for the rights of women. 差不多与此同时开始的是有关妇女权益的国际运动。

这是一个倒装句，是为了保持句子的平衡和强调。

正常语序是：the international movements for the rights of women were starting at almost the same time.
含有进展时的句子的完全倒装结构为：doing＋〔状语〕＋助动词／be ＋主语。

Rising behind Pompeii was the 400-foot Mount Vesuvius.
含有被动语态的句子的完全倒装结构: done＋〔状语〕＋助动词？be ＋主语
Buried in the sands was an ancient village which was prosperous 2,000 years ago.
8. Even though the altitude of the city and its surrounding Alps is not enough to guarantee snow, the good weather and breath-taking scenery make Kitzbuhel a world-class ski.
guarantee：保证；确保。

作为动词后面可以接：名词；不定式；和宾语从句
The manufacturers guarantee the shoes for one year.
We guarantee to deliver within a week.
They have guaranteed that any faulty parts will be replaced free of charge.
guarantee作为名词，表示：保证；保证书，担保人
It’s still under guarantee, so the manufacturer will repair it.
Are you willing to be a guarantee of your friend’s good behavior?
9. Should you feel the urge to pack your bags and explore what the world has to offer, you might want to consider one of the destinations below.
如果你有要打点行装去探究世界的愿望，或许你会考虑以下这些目的地中的一个。

这是一个省略if的倒装句：正常语序是：If you should feel the urge to pack your bags and explore what the world has to offer,…
should：作为情态动词表示：万一，如果。

If I should see him, I will tell him the news.
Should anyone phone, please tell them I’m busy now.
Urge：名词：冲动，愿望。

也可以做动词：督促，促使，urge sb. to do sth.
10. The injustices in the city and in the South led Dr. King to organize non-violent demonstrations aimed at ending segregation. The city saw a series of fierce fights between blacks and whites in the 1960s…
这座城市和整个南部的不公正制度促使Dr. King组织非暴力的示威，目的是要完毕种族隔离制度。

在20世纪60年代这座城市目睹了黑人和白人间的一系列激烈的冲突。

aimed at：目的在于……；旨在……后面接动名词或名词；这里是过去分词短语做定语。

saw：拟人化表达方式：目睹，见证；相当于：witness; experience
【典型例题】
单项选择：
1. –Hurry up, or there will be a long queue to buy the tickets.
—Don’t worry, they can be ____ at any time these day.
A. available
B. present
C. kept
D. taken
分析：选A
指票可以买到。

Available：可靠的；可利用，可得到present：目前的；kept：
保存；taken：带走。

2. John says that his present job does not provide him with much ___ for his organizing ability.
A. range
B. space
C. hope
D. opportunity
分析：选D
opportunity for：……的机会；range：范围，射程；space空间，太空
3. It is ____of you to take his advice, or else, you would be in great trouble now.
A. sensitive
B. sensible
C. suitable
D. incredible
分析：选B
sensitive：敏感的；sensible：聪明的，敏捷的；suitable：适宜的；incredible：难以置
信的句意：你听从他的建议很明智。

4. _____so many difficulties, the new government has a hard time.
A. Faced
B. Facing
C. Being faced
D. To be faced
分析：选B
此处facing为与物动词的现在分词，宾语为many difficulties，如选A项必须加上with 才正确。

5. She ____ in tears when she heard the news.
A. broke down
B. gave off
C. called in
D. benefited from
分析：选A break down in tears意为“失声痛哭〞。

call in 表示“请……来；收回〞。

6. Mary was so ___ in appreciating the beautiful view that she didn’t realize the weather
was ___.
A. absorbing; frozen
B. absorbing; freezing
C. absorbed; frozen
D. absorbed; freezing
分析：选D
be absorbed in 可表示:沉浸于其中，freezing作形容词意为“寒冷的〞
7. The girl was determined to marry the young man she fell in love with, ____ her parents’ disagreement
A. by means of
B. regardless of
C. due to
D. in favour of
分析：选B
by means of 通过，借助……手段，强调方式；due to由于，强调原因；in favour of支持，表示赞成；regardless of表示:不顾；不管。

8. I want to ____ voice to what we all feel in wishing the teacher a quick recovery.
A. make
B. send
C. give
D. take
分析：选C
固定短语give voice to sth. 表达……
9. Buying a train ticket ahead of time will usually _____ you a good seat
A. stretch
B. protect
C. guarantee
D. prevent
分析：选C
guarantee后接双宾语，表示：保证你有一个好座位。

10. you analyze the course of the experiment, you could find some similarities to the
one you did two years ago.
A. Should
B. Could
C. Would
D. Might
分析：选A
情态动词Should在这里表示“如果〞，在句首省略了连词if
11. All the attempts to rescue the child from the burning building were ___. He died soon afterwards.
A. in place
B. in return
C. in vain
D. in order
分析：C
从着火的大楼里把那个男孩救出来的一切努力都白费了。

12. Despite so many difficulties, the young man insisted ___ the hard job all by himself.
A. on doing
B. to do
C. doing
D. to doing
分析：A
insist on doing：坚持做……
13. The strong earthquake lasted over minutes, ___, most of the buildings in the city fell down.
A. As a result
B. On the other hand
C. As a matter of fact
D. On the contrary
分析：强烈地震持续了几分钟，结果，许多建筑物都倒塌了。

14. In order that the famous ruins of the ancient city could avoid , the government refused ____ any chemical works next to it.
A. destroying; to build
B. being destroyed; building
C. to be destroyed; to build
D. being destroyed; to build
分析：D
avoid后面接动名词，这里应是被动式，being done; refuse后面接不定式。

【模拟试题】
单项选择
1. For more than 20 years, we’ve been supporting educational programs that ____ from kindergartens to colleges, covering all levels of education.
A. spread
B. move
C. shift
D. range
2. What would you do if you got, ____, a million dollars
A. tell
B. talk
C. speak
D. say
3. This singer is always very ____ to the reaction of the audience when she gives a performance.
A. sentimental
B. positive
C. sensible
D. sensitive
4. These animals are all used to their environment; _____ they have learned how to live successfully in their habitat.
A. for example
B. what’s more
C. that is
D. or rather
5. We regret to inform you that there are no tickets _____ for Friday’s performance.
A. available
B. spare
C. convenient
D. affordable
6. The couple want into the forest, but before long they became ____; they walked down different paths.
A. lost
B. missing
C. separated
D. reunited
7. All the classes in this school ____ 60 students though they are of different ages.
A. are consisted of
B. make up of
C. compose of
D. consist of
8. They ____ that the books be returned to the school library at once.
A. demanded
B. hoped
C. wished
D. permitted
9. King John lost his French lands in about AD 1200, thus ____ England’s tie with France.
A. broke
B. broken
C. to break
D. breaking
10. Can you ____ me a job when I get there ? You know, I have to work in order to pay for my schooling.
A. provide
B. guarantee
C. arrange
D. apply
11. We’ve decided to ___ a rip for a new car, as we haven’t got enough money for both.
A. sacrifice
B. take
C. replace
D. contribute
12. People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this ____ creates further problems.
A. in turn
B. in all
C. in case
D. in time
13. The next few years ____ a series of bad harvests in this country, causing many people to die of hunger.
A. met
B. happened
C. saw
D. made
14. He comes from America; ____, he can speak English. Do you agree with me ?
A. needless to say
B. that is to say
C. not to mention
D. to say nothing of
15. Her sister insisted that she _____ a good education for her future.
A. received
B. receive
C. must receive
D. would receive
16. The workers will go on strike if the demands they ____ forward are turned down.
A. should put
B. would put
C. put
D. had put
17. This is he best way I could think of ____ the students ____ the rules.
A. to keep; breaking
B. keeping; breaking;
C. to keep; from breaking
D. keeping; from breaking
完型填空：
When sailors are allowed ashore after a long time at sea, they sometimes get drunk and cause trouble. For this mason, the navy 1 has its police in big ports. Whenever sailors cause trouble, the police come and 2 than.
One day, the police in a big seaport received a telephone call 3 a bar in the town. The barman said that a big sailor had got drunk and 4 the furniture in the bar. The officer in charge of the police guard that evening said that he would come immediately. Now, officers who 5 and punish the sailors 6 drunk usually chose 7 policeman they could find to go with them. 8 this particular officer did not do this. 9 , he chose the smallest and 10 man he could find to go to the bar with him and 11 the sailor.
Another officer who 12 there was surprised when he saw the officer of the guard chose such a small man. 13 he said to him, “Why 14 you take a big man with you? You have to fight the sailor who 15 .〞
“Yes, you are 16 right,〞answe red the officer of the guard. “That is exactly 17 I am taking this small man. If you see two policemen coming 18 you, and one is 19 the other,
which one 20 you attack ?〞
1. A. always B. seldom
C. forever
D. sometimes
2. A. meet with B. deal with
C. see
D. judge
3. A. about B. from
C. in
D. of
4. A. was breaking B. was ordering
C. was moving
D. was dusting
5. A. would go B. might beat
C. dared to fight
D. had to go
6. A. slightly B. not at all
C. heavily
D. much more
7.A.the biggest B. the youngest
C. the bravest
D. the experienced
8. A. In fact B. But
C. So
D. And
9. A. Instead B. Therefore
C. Although
D. Then
10. A. good-looking B. weakest-looking
C. ugly-looking
D. strongest-looking
11. A. seize B. kill
C. get fid of
D. catch up with
12. A. would go B. had come
C. would start off
D. happened to be
13. A. Yet B. But
C. So
D. Then
14. A. don’t B. couldn’t
C. can’t
D. do
15. A. looks strong B. is drunk
C. seems rude
D. is dangerous
16. A. all B. very
C. too
D. quite
17. A. how B. what
C. why
D. that
18. A. up B. at
C. before
D. towards
19. A. not smaller than B. as big as
C. as small as
D. much smaller than
20. A. could B. will
C. do
D. can
阅读理解：
At a few minutes past five, Dave noted that the blanket of darkness was lifting. He was just able to make out the heavier masses that eventually appeared as the familiar trees that lined the
road at the base of the hill. The upper reaches of the sky showed lighter shades of gray.
Dave got out of bed quietly and dressed quickly. He mixed a spoonful of instant chocolate into a glass of cold water, and his impatience forced him to finish the drink in gulps.
As he walked down toward the lake, Dave paused to reach for the fishing pole and gear box on the bench where he had left them the night before.
By the time he reached the small boat, a thick white mist〔雾〕had spread over the surface of the water. He stepped into the boat, sat down, and rowed out of the weed beds that lined the edge of the shore.
The outer fringe〔边缘〕of the lake disappeared as the boat moved forward noiselessly. All he could see was the enveloping whiteness. He could not tell where the boat and the surrounding air met the surface of the lake.
Dave rowed steadily ahead, relying on a mental picture of the surroundings. Then the mist began to rise, slowly. It soon rested inches above the still surface of the lake. The heavy silence was now being broken by the fish breaking through the surface as they leaped out of the water for low-flying insects.
The magic time had arrived. Dave raised his pole. Dawn was broken. He was excited with expectancy.
1. Dave got up early in the morning to ____.
A. enjoy the scene of the lake
B. seek adventure at the lake
C. go fishing in the lake
D. take a walk by the lake
2. According to the story, which of the following is TRUE ？
A. Dave broke the quietness of the lake.
B. Dave was familiar with the surroundings.
C. Dave took a picture of the lake with him.
D. Dave forgot the fishing pole at the beginning.
3. The underlined word “It〞in Paragraph 6 refers to _____.
A. fish
B. boat
C. silence
D. mist
4. What can we learn from the end of the story?
A. Dave was hopeful of catching a lot of fish.
B. Dave wished the weather would be better.
C. Dave was happy that dawn was broken.
D. Dave expected someone else would come.
短文改错：
At a party, it is quite normal of someone to have 1. ____
a short conversation with you and then go on to talking 2. ____
to other people! Don’t think they dislike you or they 3. ____
are impolite. It has the custom at many parties 4. ____
in Britain, particularly there people are standing up rather 5. ____
than sitting down. Here are two ways of finishing conversation 6. ____
at a party. Excuse me. I think I’ll go and get another drinking. 7. ____
See you later, perhaps? Oh. Excuse me. I’ve just seen 8. ____
Mary Jennings over here. I’ve got to d iscuss a meeting we 9. ____
are been having on Thursday. Would you excuse me for a moment? 10. ___
【试题答案】
单项选择：
1. D range：范围从……到……；从幼儿园到大学覆盖所有教育层次范围的教育计划。

2. D say=for example ：比如说
3. D sensitive：敏感的；sentimental：多愁善感的；sensible：明智的；这位歌手对观众的反响很敏感。

4. B what’s more：而且；that is：也就是说；or rather：除了……这些动物已经适应了他们的环境，而且他们学会了如何成功地生活在他们的栖息地。

5. A available 可得到的；affordable：能买的起的；这里已经没有周五演出的票了。

6. C become separated：走散
7. D 由……组成的，consist of＝be made up of；
8. A后面的宾语从句的谓语局部省略了should ：the books should be returned to the school library at once. 这是虚拟语气的一种表达；所以主句的谓语动词应当是与＂建议；要求＂相关的动词。

9. D thus doing…..短语做结果状语。

与主句的主语King John是主动关系。

10. B你能保证给我一份工作吗？provide的结构是：provide sb. with sth.
11. A sacrifice：牺牲我们决定牺牲掉一次旅行为买一辆新车。

因为我们没有足够的钱担负两样东西。

12. A in turn：反过来；in all：总计；in case：以免……；in time：与时，早晚用私家车反过来又产生了新的问题。

13. C saw在这里是拟人化的表达：见证了……
14. A needless to say：毫无疑问，不用说。

15. B主句的谓语动词是insisted：坚持，后面的从句的谓语动词应当是：should do
/should be done ；should可以省略。

16. C they put forward是定语从句修饰先行词the demands；定语从句用一般过去时表达。

17. C I could think of是定语从句修饰the way，后面的不定式结构与the way 连接，the way to do ：做某事的方法，第二个空的结构是：keep sb. from doing.：阻止某人做某事。

完型填空：
1. A 根据上文，要对付麻烦，得常有警察
2. B deal with-attend to a problem，an emergency
3. B 说的来处。

4. A 说喝醉的水兵在砸家具。

5. D 警官“不得不去〞。

6. C “喝得大醉〞。

7. A 一般常理“挑选个子最大的警察〞。

8. B 表示转折，“但这个与众不同的警官没这么做。

〞
9. A 说另外一种做法，“相反〞。

10. B 与the biggest相对。

11. A “抓那个水兵〞。

12. D “另一个警官碰巧在那儿〞。

13. C 表示结果。

14. A 〔一般情况〕反问。

15. B 喝醉的水兵。

16. D 称赞对方“非常对〞。

17. C 引导表语从句，“为什么……〞。

18. B come at=make a rush at，attack.
19. D 根据这警官选的警察的情况，“一个比另一个小得多〞。

20. B 表意愿，“你会攻击哪一个?〞
阅读理解：
1. C 从文章第三段“Dave paused to reach for the fishing pole〞和最后一段“Dave raised his pole〞得出结论。

2. B 从文章的第五段得知湖当时处于朦胧中，并且从第六段的第一句，“Dave稳稳地划着船，依靠着大脑中留下的对周围环境的画面，〞得出明确结论。

3. D It代替上句中的"Then the mist began to rise〞的“mist〞。

4. A 从文章的最后一段的最后一句得出结论。

“他非常兴奋，充满了期待〞。

短文改错：
1. of→for
2. talking→talk
3. or后加that
4. has→is
5. there→where
6. finishing后加a
7. drinking→drink
8. √
9. here→there 10. 去掉been。