高三英语突破议论文 人教版

高三英语突破议论文人教版
一怎样确定一篇文章是议论文
议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。

议论文的目的不仅是客观的解释事物，还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。

英语议论文与英语说明文还是有一定的区别的。

首先，英语说明文主要是对提出的主题进行“说明”和“阐述”，并不进行正反评判和推理，也不强迫读者接受作者的观点；而英语议论文主要是就某一主题，在摆出正反两方面观点的基础上，通过论证、推理辩论等手段，试图让读者最终接受作者对这一主题的某种观点。

尽管有时也不一定非常明确的交待正反观点，但力图通过推理让读者赞同自己的观点始终是英语议论文的主要目的。

怎样确定一篇文章是议论文？就看是否以表达观点为主。

表达观点为主的就是议论文。

注意：有些文章在论证观点时用故事作为论据，因此要确定观点是否是主要内容。

二阅读议论文应该注意以下几点：
1主题句和主题词，并对文章的结构作快速、简单的预测。

2作者往往通过关联词的运用来建立句与句之间的联系、有效地组织段落。

诸如since（既然），now that（既然），therefore（因而），in that case（在那种情况下），so（所以），It follows that…（因而…），If…，we may conclude that …（如果……，我们可以这样下结论……），Should it be the case （如果是这样的话……），I don’t want to…,but…（我并不想……），It is true that…,but…（诚然……但是……）,Even if …（即使……）等有辩论和推理含义的连接和过渡词语与结构，以增强语言的准确性和逻辑性。

所以，对关联词的准确判断是至关重要的。

三议论文阅读重点
议论文重点是要找出what, why。

英语论议论文的主旨通常在语篇开头，少部分在篇尾，偶尔在篇中。

一般要求我们中学生阅读的议论文，大多主旨在语篇开头。

因此我们阅读议论文时，一定要非常注意议论文的开篇，往往能一下子找到中心大意。

1
Letter to Editor of TV Weekly
Dear Sir/Madam,
I read Alison Burnham’s review of when we were 12, and I do not agree with her.
I thought the programme was wonderful —I found the old news pictures really interesting — they helped to bring to life the stories the people were telling.
The programme reminds me of many things from my own childhood. For example, one day when I was about five, I was going to school on the bus by myself (this was the late 1960s). My mother had given me exactly the right money for a return ticket. I held out my hand with the money in it — one big coin on top of one little coin. The bus conductor took the big top coin only and she gave me a ticket, but it was a pink one for a single journey. I needed a white one for a return journey, but I was too frightened to say anything. When school finished for the day, I couldn’t catch the bus home —I had to walk. As a grown-up, whenever I’ve been in a situation where I need to say something or take some action, this early memory of my bus ride comes back to me, and I’m able to take control of the situation.
I would like to say to the director, Bret Chrysler, carry on making this kind of programme. Too much TV these days is quiz shows and so called “reality programmes”.I appreciate the human story that can make me laugh and cry.
Yours faithfully,
Chris Daniels
68. What is Chris Daniels’ purpose of writing this letter?
A. To persuade Bret Chrysler to turn away from quiz shows.
B. To entertain other readers with old news pictures.
C. To express his appreciation of the programme.
D. To have his story told on the programme.
69. Chris Daniels tells the story about the bus ticket to .
A. describe how painful his early experience was
B. draw a direct response from Alison Burnham
C. show how the programme made him think
D. teach the readers of TV Weekly a lesson
70. According to the passage, Chris Daniels had to walk home because .
A. he hadn’t got a return ticket
B. he had lost his bus ticket
C. he didn’t like big crowds
D. he missed the bus home
71. What does Chris Daniels now think about his experience on the bus?
A. He should have told the conductor then.
B. He should have been well treated.
C. He regrets going to school alone.
D. He wishes it hadn’t happened.
2
With a good shopping position and the right amount（数量）of money , any educated person ought to be able to make a living out of a bookshop . It is not a difficult trade to learn and the large chain-stores can never force the small bookseller out of existence as they have done to the corner shop. But the hours of work are very long-I was only doing a part-time job , but my boss put in a seventy-hour week ,besides regular journeys out of shopping hours to buy books .
The real reason why I should not like to be back in the book trade for life , however , is that while I was in it I lost my love of books . A bookseller cannot always tell the truth about his books, and that gives him a dislike for them. There was a time when I really did love books—loved the sight and smell and feel of them—if they were fifty or more years old , that is . Nothing pleased me quite so much as to buy a bargain lot of them on sale for several pounds. There is a peculiar flavour（独特的味道）about the unexpected books you pick up in that kind of collection: Little-known eighteenth-century poets, or out-of-date geography books. For occasional（偶尔的）reading—in your bath , for example , or late at night when you are too tired to go to bed—there is nothing as good as a very old picture story-book .
But as soon as I went to work in the bookshop I stopped buying books. Seen in a mass. five or ten thousand at a time , books were dull and even a little tiresome . Nowadays I do buy one occasionally , but only if it is a book that I want to read and can’t borrow , and I never buy rubbish .
64. According to the passage, ________is one of the necessary conditions to run a bookshop.
A. an educated shop-owner
B. a good position at a street corner
C. a regular journey out of the shop
D. the force of large chain-stores
65. The author should not like to be back as a bookseller for life because________.
A. he hated his job of selling books
B. selling books was only a part-time job
C. the books in the shop gave him a dislike
D. he was unable to be honest about the books he sold
66. The books preferred by the author should be those ________ .
A. stories making readers sleepless
B. valuable ones bought on sale
C. peculiar ones with great expectation
D. geography ones from the eighteenth century
67. The author will only buy new books ________.
A. if he feels dull and tired
B. after he gives up his job as a bookseller
C. which are interesting but hard to borrow
D. when he throws away old ones
3
We are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality, other, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it.
Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils. The standards may be changed—no examination is perfect—but to have to tests or examinations would mean the end of equality and of standards. There are groups of people who oppose this view and who do not believe either in examinations or in any controls in school or on teachers. This would mean that everything would depend on luck since every pupil would depend on the efficiency, the values and the purpose of each teacher.
Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them—a form of favoritism will replace equality. At the moment, the bright child from an ill—respected school can show certificates to prove he or she is suitable for a job, while the lake of certificate indicates the unsuitability of a dull child attending a well—respected school. This defend of excellence and opportunity would disappear if examinations were taken away, and the bright child form a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her school’s reputation, unable to compete for employment with the child from the favoured school.
The opponents of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because they show differences between pupils. According to these people, there must be no special, different, academic class. They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area: all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection. The selection would be made by people who themselves are probably selected by some computer.
82. The word “favouritism” in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon that________.
A. bright children also need certificates go get satisfying jobs.
B. children from well—respected schools tend to have good jobs
C. poor children with certificates are favoured in job markets
D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success
83. What would happen if examinations were taken away according to the author?
A. Schools for bright children would lose their reputation.
B. There would be more opportunities and excellence.
C. Children from poor families would be able to change their schools.
D. Children’s job opportunity would be affected by their school reputation.
84. The opponents of the examination system will agree that _________.
A. jobs should not be assigned by systematic selection
B. computers should be selected to take over many jobs
C. special classed are necessary to keep the school standards
D. schools with academic subjects should be done away with
85. The passage mainly focuses on ___________.
A. schools and certificates
B. examination and equality
C. opportunity and employment
D. standards and reputation
4
A teacher of English as a second language is the 2004 Teacher of the Year in the United States .Kathy Mellor of Rhode Island will spend the next year as an international spokeswoman for education. President Bush and his wife, Laura ,honored her during a ceremony（仪式）at the White House last week.
For the past nineteen years, Kathy Mellor has taught English as a second language at Davisville Middle School in North Kingstown, Rhode Island, in the northeastern United States .She redesigned the program for E.S.L students at her school to provide each student with one to three periods per day in classes for English learners .How much instruction the students get depends on their level of skill in listening, speaking, reading and writing. The amount of time they spend in these classes in reduced as their level of English increases.
A teacher describes this as the most successful E.S.L. program in North Kingstown. She also praises Kathy Mellor for providing help to students and their families by forming a local parents group for speakers of other languages .This improved their ability to help their children.
Kathy Mellor earned a master’s degree in education from Rhode Island College.She studied teaching English as a second language.
She was chosen for the national honor of Teacher of the Year from among top teachers in each of the fifty states .As Teacher of the Year, Kathy Mellor will travel around the United States and to other countries .She will talk about the importance of education and the work of teachers.
56．This passage is mainly about________.
A．Teacher of the Year 2004 in the United States B．Ms Mellor’s English teaching instruction
C．Ms Mellor’s teaching skills of learning English D．Praises to Ms Mellor from other teachers
57．What does “E.S.L.” in the passage stand for?
A．English study learners. B．English speaking and listening.
C．English special learners. D．English as a second language.
58．From this passage we can learn that ________.
A．middle school teachers from each state are honored Teachers of the Year
B．middle school teachers in the USA have to get master’s degrees
C．Ms Mellor’s students have no problems in learning English
D．the American government pays much attention to education
5
Have you ever got stuck with unwanted courses or a class schedule that cannot be changed? If so, that’s because you don’t know how to select the perfect schedule. But by following a few simple steps, you can begin any term with the right courses at the most convenient times.
First, you must find the right courses. These are the ones that have the least amount of work, the fewest tests and the kindest professors. Ask your friends about courses in which they received A’s after attending only 70 percent of the classes. Ask around, too, to see which instructors have given the same tests for the last fifteen years. Photocopies of these tests are usually cheap and can be easily found in school. Then, pick up a copy of the master schedule and study it carefully. Find the course titles that mean an easy pass for a painless subject. Look for titles like “Arts and Crafts for Beginners,” and “Rock Music of the 1950s.”
Next, when you have got lists of easy instructors and subjects you can begin to select your time periods. If you stay up late in order to watch old movies, you may want a daily schedule that begins no sooner than noon. You should schedule only afternoon courses, too, if you’re one of those people who hate t o leave a warm bed in the morning. On the other hand, if you are a person who gets out of bed at dawn, you may want to get your classes out of the way as early as possible. That way you have the rest of the day free. Morning classes are also necessary if you are a soap opera(肥皂剧) fan.
Finally, you want your schedule to pass through registration successfully. The main way to do this is to register(注册) early. If a course does happen to be closed because you simply couldn’t register at 7:00 a.m., you may still be able to get in. Talk to the professor and tell him or her that a serious and hardworking student like yourself would be a shining example to other students. Be sure to carry a list of backup courses to registration, though, just in case one of your chosen classes changes professors or time periods.
By following these suggestions, any student can pick the perfect class schedule. College can thus become an almost pleasant activity.
67．Which of the following statements is true?
A. You can get copies of tests if you are willing to pay the price.
B. “Rock Music of the 1950s”may be an easy course.
C．It is difficult to pick the perfect class schedule.
D．Attendance is required in all classes.
68．You should_____.
A．register for classes in the morning if you get up early
B．have classes late in the morning if you stay up late
C．sign up for afternoon classes if you want to see soap operas
D．choose classes in the evening if you want to watch old films
69．If a course happens to be closed, you should .
A．register at 7:00 a. m.. B．sit in on the class anyway
C．register for a back-up course D．get help from the professor
70．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Course Registration Made Easy B．How to Find the Right Courses
C．Classes and After-class Activities D．How to Pick the Perfect Schedule
6
If you are a recent social science graduate who has had to listen to jokes about unemployment from your computer major classmates, you may have had the last laugh. There are many advantages for the social science major because this high-tech "Information Age" demands people who are flexible (灵活的) and who have good communication skills.
There are many social science majors in large companies who fill important positions.
For example , a number of research studies found that social science majors had achieved greater managerial success than those who had technical training or pre-professional courses. Studies show that social science majors are most suited for change, which is the leading feature (特点) of the kind of high speed, high-pressure, high-tech world we now live in.
Social science majors are not only experiencing success in their long-term company jobs, but they are also finding jobs more easily. A study showed that many companies had filled a large percentage of their entry-level positions with social science graduates. The study also showed that the most sought-after quality in a person who was looking for a job was communication skills, noted as "very important" by 92 percent of the companies. Social science majors have these skills, often without knowing how important they are. It is probably due to these skills that they have been offered a wide variety of positions.
Finally, although some social science majors may still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job, recent graduates report that they don' t regret their choice of study.
72.By saying that "you may have had the last laugh" in the first paragraph, the author
means that you may have _______
A. shared the jokes with computer majors
B. earned as much as computer majors
C. found jobs more easily than computer majors
D. stopped joking about computer majors
pared with graduates of other subjects, social science graduates ______
A. are ready to change when situations change
B. are better able to deal with difficulties
C. are equally good at computer skills
D. are likely to give others pressure
74.The underlined word "land" in the last paragraph probably means _______
A. keep for some time
B. successfully get
C. immediately start
D. lose regretfully
75.According to the text, what has made it easy for social science graduates to find jobs?
A. Willingness to take low-paid jobs.
B. Readiness to gain high-tech knowledge.
C. Skills in expressing themselves.
D. Part-time work experience
7
The other day, my friend Jane was invited to a 40th birthday party. The time printed on the invitation was 7.30pm. Jane went off with her husband, expecting a merry evening of wine, food, and song.
By 9.45, everybody was having great fun, but no food had appeared. Jane and David were restless. Other guests began whispering that they, too, were starving. But no one wanted to leave, just in case some food was about to appear. By 11.00, there was still no food, and everyone was completely off their heads. Jane and David left hungry and angry.
Their experience suggests that the words an the printed invitations need to be made clearer. Everyone reads and understands the invitations differently. Most of us would agree that 6.30 -8.30pm means drinks only, go out to dinner afterwards; 8.00pm or 8.30pm means possible dinner, but 9.30pm and any time thereafter means no food, eat beforehand, roll up late.
But this is not always the case. If asked to a students' party at 6.30pm, it is
normal for guests not to appear before midnight, if at all, and no one cares. Being the first to arrive - looking eager - is social death. When my mother is asked to a party for 6.30, she likes to be them, if not on lime, then no later than seven. My age group (late thirties) falls somewhere between the two, but because we still think we’re young, we're probably closer to student-time than grown-up time.
The accepted custom at present is confusing (混乱的), sometimes annoying, and it often means you may go home hungry, but it does lend every party that precious element (成分) of surprise.
68. The underlined words "off their heads" probably mean______.
A. tired
B. crazy
C. curious
D. hopeless
69. Jane and David' s story is used to show that______ .
A. petty-goers usually get hungry at parties
B. party invitations can be confusing
C. people should ask for food at parties
D. birthday parties for middle-aged people are dull
70. For some young people, arriving on time for a students' party will probably be
considered_______.
A. very difficult
B. particularly thoughtful
C. friendly and polite
D. socially unacceptable
71. According to the writer, people in their late thirties_______.
A. are likely to arrive late for a party
B. care little about the party time
C. haven' t really grown up yet
D. like surprises at parties
72. What is the general idea of the text?
A. It' s safe to arrive late just when food is served.
B. It' s wise to eat something before going to a party.
C. It' s important to follow social rules of party-going.
D. It' s necessary to read invitations carefully.
8
There are thousands of products of all colors and shapes in a supermarket, making you believe that they are worth a try. How? Packaging (包装)is the silent but persuading salesman .
There on the shelves, each bottle, can, box, and jar has been carefully designed and measured to speak to the inner self of the consumer（消费者）, so that is buying not only a product but also his belief in life. Scientists have studied consumer behavior recen tly and found that the look of the package has a great effect on the “quality” of the product and on how well it sells, because “Consumers gene rally cannot tell between a product and its package. Many products are packages and many packages are products,” as Louis Cheskin, the first social scientist studying consumers’ feeling for packaging, noticed.
Colors are one of the best tools in packaging. Studies of eye movement have shown that colors draw human attention quickly. Take V8 for example. For many years, the bright red color of tomatoes and carrots on the thin bottle makes you feel that it is very good for your body. And the word “green” today can keep food prices going up.
Shapes are another attraction. Circles often suggest happiness and peacefulness, because these shapes are pleasing to both the eye and the heart. That’s why the round yellow M signs of McDonald’s are inviting to both young a nd old.
This new consumer response（反应）to the colors and shapes of packages reminds producers and sellers that people buy to satisfy both body and soul.
60．According to the passage, ______ seems to be able to persuade a consumer to buy the product.
A．the pleasing color of the package B．the special taste of the product
C．the strange shape of the package D．the belief in the product
61．If a package or a product is round in shape, it can ________.
A．bring excitement to the consumers B．attract the consumers’ attention
C．catch the eye movement of the consumers D．produce a happy and peaceful feeling 62．“And the word ‘green’ today can keep food prices going up.” This sentence suggests that consumers today are ________.
A．starting to notice the importance of new food
B．enjoying the beauty of nature more than before
C．beginning to like green vegetables
D．paying more attention to their healthy
63．It can be inferred from the passage that V8 is a kind of ________.
A．vegetable dish B．healthy juice C．iced drink D．red vegetable
9
Every year more people recognize that it is wrong to kill wildlife for “sport.” Progress in this direction is slow because shooting is not a sport for watching, and only those few who take part realize the cruelty and destruction.
The number of gunners, however, grows rapidly. Children too young to develop proper judgments through independent thought are led along way away by their gunning parents. They are subjected to advertisements of gun producers who describe shooting as good for their health and guncarrying as a way of putting redder blood in the veins (血管). They are persuaded by gunner magazines with stories honoring the chase and the kill. In school they view motion pictures which are supposedly meant to teach them how to deal with arms safely but which are actually designed to stimulate (刺激) a desire to own a gun. Wildlife is disappearing because of shooting and because of the loss of wildland habitat (栖息地). Habitat loss will continue with our increasing population, but can we slow the loss of wildlife caused by shooting? There doesn't seem to be any chance if the serious condition of our birds is not improved.
Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although most people do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sport shooting to the great majority of people.
Now, it is time to realize that animals have the same right to life as we do and that there is nothing fair or right about a person with a gun shooting the harmless and beautiful creatures. The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of dying can make nobody happy. If, as they would have you believe, gun-carrying and killing improve human-character, then perhaps we should encourage war.
72. According to the text, most people do not seem to be against hunting because___________.
A. they have little knowledge of it
B. it helps to build human character
C. it is too costly to stop killing wildlife
D. they want to keep wildlife
under control
73. The underlined word "agony" in the last paragraph probably means______________.
A. form
B. Condition
C. pain
D. sadness
74. According to the text, the films children watch at school actually__________.
A. teach them how to deal with guns safely
B. praise hunting as
character-building
C. describe hunting as an exercise
D. encourage them to have guns of their
own
75. It can be inferred from the text that the author seems to_____________.
A. blame the majority of people
B. worry about the existence of wildlife
C. be in favour of war
D. be in support of character-building
10
Who is there among us who hasn’t dreamed of having his or her own small (maybe,
several years later, even big (business, and having wonderful freedom, both from a boss
and from the time clock; the freedom to make up our own rules for our work, and our
own plans —arranging our own hours of work? That way work would be both painless and
fun. Or, so we imagine.
Well, in fact it isn’t quite as simple as that. Yes, it is true that being the
boss has its satisfactions and that you can arrange your working hours freely if you
own your own small business . But in those early years of starting your own business.
You shouldn’t think of a free day, not to mention flying off for a month’s vacation.
It is not unusual for new business owners to work seventy or eighty hours a week , and
if there is a day off , that day might need to be devoted to accounting (算账).
But this negative picture doesn’t destroy the beautiful hopes. The possibility
of getting something wonderful in return—both material and mental—continues to drive
that large number of people who start up small businesses each year in the United States.
68．From the first paragraph, we know that everybody hopes ________.
A．to rule others B．to be his or her own boss
C．to get a time clock D．to be free from work
69．Most new business owners have to ________ .
A．work more than 10 hours a day B．devote himself to accounting
C．fly to some places in the world D．have a day off in a week
70．The expression “negative picture” most probably means ________
A．a terrible experience B．a poor picture C．limited freedom D．unpleasant
situations
71．The beautiful hopes will never be destroyed because ________.
A．people love beautiful things by nature
B．people have a strong desire to seek personal gains
C．small businesses make big money each year in the US
D．small businesses have advantages over big companies
11
A letter to Edward, a columnist(报刊专栏作家）
Dear Mr Expert:
I grew up in an unhappy and abusive home. I always Promised myself that I’d get
out as soon as possible. Now, at age 20,I have a good job and a nice house, and I’m
really proud of the independence I’ve achieved.
Here’s the problem: several of my friends who still live with their parents wish they had places like mine — so much so that they make mine theirs.
It started out with a couple of them spending the weekends with me. But now they seem to take it for granted that they can show up any time they like. They bring boyfriends over, talk on the phone and stay out forever.
I enjoy having my friends here sometimes— it makes the place feel comfortable and warm— but this is my home, not a party house. I was old enough to move out on my own, so why can’t I seem to ask my friends to respect my privacy(隐私)?
Joan Edward’s reply to Joan
Dear Joan:
If your family didn’t pay attention to your needs when you were a child, you probably have trouble letting others know your needs now.
And if you’ve gathered your friends around you to rebuild a happy family atmosphere(气氛),you may fear that saying no will bring back the kind of conflict you grew up with— or destroy the nice atmosphere you now enjoy. You need to understand that in true friendship it’s okay to put your own needs first from time to time.
Be clear about the message you want to send. For example, “I really love your company but I als o need some privacy. So please call before you come over.”
Edward
63. We can learn from the first letter that Joan ________.
A. lives away from her parent
B. takes pride in her friends
C. knows Mr Expert quite well
D. hates her parents very much
64.We can infer from the first letter that ________ .
A. Joan considers her friends more important than her privacy
B. Joan’s friends visit her more often than she can accept
C. Joan doesn’t like the parties at all
D. Joan dislikes the boyfriends her friends bring over
65. According to Mr Expert, why can’t Joan tell her friends her feelings?
A. She is afraid of hurting her friends.
B. She does not understand true friendship.
C. Her family experience stops her from doing so.
D. She does not put her needs first.
66. The underlined word “conflict” in the second letter means ________.
A. dependent life
B. fierce fight
C. bad manners
D. painful feeling
67.The second letter suggests that Mr Expert ________ .
A. is worried about Joan’s problem
B. warns Joan not to quarrel with her friends
C. advises Joan on how to refuse people
D. encourages Joan to be brave enough
12
Besides giving off gases and dusts into the air, humans produce waste that is poured on the environment. Often, this waste produced by major industries and people is harmful to both nature and human life.
One of the main causes of the large amount of dangerous waste is that people do not realize how large a problem it is. Because it can be simply removed and sent to a landfill(废渣填埋场),the problem is often believed to end there. In addition,。