全新版大学英语综合教程 学生用书 第五册 第二单元 语法要点 与口语练习

Speaking T asks:
1. Form groups of two students. One will be the reporter and the other will be the spokesman of Environment Canada. The reporter will design and ask questions based on the text from paragraphs 13 - 20 about how animal-based agriculture destroys the environment. The spokesman will answer these questions.
2. Suppose you were the author, who is now attending an assembly for protesting against the violation of animal rights. Deliver a speech based on the text from paragraphs 21 - 29 and make an appeal to the public to protect animals by going veggie.
Unit 2 Diet
Preserve
1. v. maintain in safety from injury, peril, or harm; protect
preserve the forest
These are perfectly preserved medieval houses.
2. n. an area or water where animals are protected from hunters
Pantanal is one of the world’s great wildlife preserves.
preserve: 1) maintain in safety from injury, peril, or harm; protect.
保护：使免于损害，危险或伤害而处于安全中；保护
2) keep in perfect or unaltered condition; maintain unchanged.
•preserve forests 保护森林
•preserve order 维护秩序
•preserve eggs in salt 腌蛋
•Y ou look well preserved. 你看起来保养得很好。

•Ice helps to preserve food. 冰有助于保存食物。

•Fishing is strictly preserved. 严禁捕鱼。

n. 保护; 防护; 维护
•保管, 保存, 保藏,防...腐烂
•蜜饯(水果); 腌制(蔬菜等); 把...制成罐头
•使(某人名字)流传; 把(某人)铭记在心; 使(诗歌等)留存
•禁猎, 把...圈为禁猎地
•game preserve 禁猎区
1. conserve: use carefully or sparingly, avoiding waste:
•kept the thermostat lower to conserve energy.
减少自动调温机的使用以节约能源
•con serve one’s strength 保存力量
2. conserve: protect from loss or harm; preserve:
•保存;保护从而使其不受损失或伤害；
•calls to conserve our national heritage in the face of bewildering change.
•呼吁大家在面临令人手足无措的改变时，要保护我们的民族遗产
n. ［常用复］糖食,蜜饯;【医】糖剂; 防腐剂
Protect: 1) keep from being damaged, attacked, stolen, or injured; guard
•保护：使免于受到损坏，攻击，偷盗或伤害；
2) help (domestic industry) with tariffs or quotas on imported goods.贸易保护：通过关税和进口货物配额帮助（国内工业）
3)assure payment of (drafts or notes, for example) by setting aside funds.备款以支付：
设置资金以保证支付（比如汇票或票据）
•protect home industries保护国内工业
•protect sb. from danger保护某人免遭危险
• A line of forts was built along the border to protect the country against attack.在边界沿线构筑了堡垒, 以防国家受到攻击。

•protect from [against]
•防止...遭受...; 使...免于, 保护...使不受
refer to: 1) mention or speak of (sb./sth.)
What he is referring to is his trip to Canada.
In his speech, he referred to a recent trip to Canada.
•2) direct to a source for help or information
•referred her to a heart specialist
•referred me to his last employer for a recommendation.
•refer a question to an expert
•The visitors are referred to the information desk.
• 3. attribute to; regard as originated by
•He referred his success to the good teaching he had had.
The invention of the compass is referred to China.
dramatic: adj. exciting, surprising and impressive
1. The act taken by the government will have dramatic effects on the economy.
2. He witnessed many dramatic acrobatic performances.
unparalleled: adj. so great, etc. that it has no equal
1.Our team achieved an unparalleled success last week.
2. The country is facing a crisis unparalleled since World War II.
chronic: adj. lasting for a long time; continually recurring
1. Environmental illnesses can be mild or severe and can range from transient to chronic, depending on the doses of toxin received.
2. There is a chronic shortage of teachers in our department.
Boost
1. v. increase or raise the strength or value
We need a big win to boost our confidence.
This move is designed to boost sales during Christmas.
2. n. increase, help or encouragement
It did give me a boost to win such a big event.
boost, lift, enhance & heighten
指从“较低的位置移向较高的位置, 并可引申为抽象事物的提升或程度的增强”。

Boost:指通过推力的帮助来攀登或前进。

Lift: 常指付出努力，以克服重力的阻碍。

Enhance: 暗指比正常状态的提升，且多指价值、品质、声望等的提高。

Heighten: 指在普通或习惯的基础上得到升高。

2. I boosted him over the wall.
1. I can’t lift the desk alone.
3. They tried to enhance their reputation abroad.
4. Using too much land heightens topsoil loss.
1.He ___ his hands above his head.
2. Even a casual observer could hardly have failed to notice the ___ of an already tense atmosphere.
3. W e want the government to take action to ___ the economy.
4. Her rare use of make-up only seemed to ___ her classically beautiful features.
lifted ; heightening; boost; enhance
drawback: n.disadvantage or problem
1. One of the drawbacks of sharing an apartment is having to share a bathroom.
2. The only drawback of the plan is its cost.
devoid: adj.empty; lacking
devoid of: without (sth.); completely lacking in (sth.)
1. This novel is devoid of wit and inventiveness.
2. I have never seen a face that is so devoid of feeling
saturate: v. load or fill in completely to capacity
1. The recollection was saturated with sunshine.
2. The air was saturated with the perfume of the flowers.
Trace
n. very small amount; mark, sign, etc. showing what has existed or happened
1. Wash them in cold water to remove all traces of sand.
2. She speaks English without the slightest trace of an accent.
v. find out or describe how sth. started or developed
1.The exhibition traces the history of graphic design in America from the 19th century to the present.
2. He kept tracing the cause of the disease.
notoriety: n. being notorious; ill fame
1. He achieved notoriety as chief counsel to President in the Watergate event.
notorious: adj. to be well known unfavorably; infamous
2. This area is notorious for drugs, crime and violence.
3. This company is notoriously inefficient.
infect : (harmful bacteria, etc.) enter the body of a person or an animal and cause disease
1. A single mosquito can infect a large number of people.
2. When he was in prison, he was infected with all sorts of bad ideas.
1. v. bend the head or body as a sign of respect
He bowed down before the king.
2. bow to: submit to (sth.); accept or obey (sth.)
Some shops are bowing to consumer pressure and begin to reduce prices.
•And the people bowed and prayed to the neon god they made.
3. n. a knot with two loops and two loose ends that is used in tying shoelaces and ribbons Please add a ribbon tied in a bow.
4.n. a weapon for shooting arrows
Some raiders were armed with bows and arrows.
Retrieve
1) get (sth.) back
They wanted to retrieve the weapons left when they abandoned the island.
We taught the dog to retrieve a ball.
2) rescue or save
He was retrieved from degeneration.
•retrieve a lost piece of luggage
•找回一件遗失的行李
•retrieve one's spirits 恢复精神
•retrieve one's character / honor 恢复名誉
•retrieve an error / a loss 补救错误/ 损失
recommend
1) praise or commend to another one as worthy and desirable
Recommend sb. for a promotion
Recommend the hotel to sb.
2) suggest
The judge recommended that he serve 20 years in prison.
The recommended daily dose is 12 to 24 grams.
recommendation
compelling
adj. 1) convincing
1.The reasons are compelling.
2. This conclusion is the most compelling explanation to the mystery of his death.
2) attractive or eye-catching
It is a frighteningly violent yet compelling film.
3) urgently requiring attention
There still exist many compelling socioeconomic problems.
question强调需要讨论或回答的问题
They asked a great many questions about England.
problem强调有待解决的问题
The main problem is unemployment.
issue强调争论的观点
Sharp conflicts have been arising about this issue.
slaughter: v. kill animals for food
1. Thirty-four people were slaughtered while queuing up to cast their votes.
2. Lack of chicken feed means that chicken farms have to slaughter their stock.
massacre, slaughter & butchery
n. 都可以指“大量、肆意地杀害人类”。

massacre指不分男女老少的大量屠杀，特别指对那些无力保护自己的人。

Maria lost her 62-year-old mother in the massacre.
slaughter指像战争或屠杀那样大范围的残酷杀害
During the war the slaughter of civilians was commonplace.
butchery除含slaughter的意思外，还有极其残忍、完全不顾被害者痛苦的意思。

In her view, war is simply a legalized form of butchery.
1.In March 1770, there occurred what became known as the Boston ___.massacre
2. The ___ during the war is extremely bloody and cruel. butchery
3. More than 30,000 sheep are exported to the country for ___ every year. slaughter devote, dedicate & consecrate
v. 都含“贡献、献身”的意思，为了特定的目标而弃其他于不顾。

devote指决心将全部身心、活动、精力等献出。

He devoted all his life to the cause of Communism.
dedicate正式用语, 指庄严地、全心全意地献身于一个神圣的或严肃的用途或目的。

He dedicated his life to the service of his country.
consecrate强调使变得神圣或圣化。

The church was consecrated in 1234.
这座教堂于1234年被正式圣化。

1. He defied (challenged) Pope John Paul II by ___ four bishops without his approval.
2. She gladly gave up her part-time job to ___ herself entirely to her art.
3. He is quite ___ to his students.
4. She ___ her first album to Ernest.
5. I’ll ___ my full attentio n to Chinese team in the Olympic Games.
1/consecrate 2/5 devote ¾dedicated
fuel: make it more intense
1. Inflation was fueled by military spending.
2. The economic boom was fueled by easy credit.
Convert
v.1) change (something) from one form, use, function, or purpose to another
1. converted the forest into farmland
2) persuade or induce to adopt a particular religion, faith or belief
2. They always try their best to convert pagans(异教徒) to Christianity.
3. If you try to convert him, you could find he just walks away at once.
get out: produce or publish
1. They said they’d try to get the new dictionary out by the end of the year.
2. He has got out that novel.
•contaminate: v.pollute (sth.) by dirt, chemicals, or radiation so that it becomes impure or harmful
1. Much of the coast has been contaminated by nuclear waste.
2. More than 100,000 people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water.
CF: contaminate, taint & pollute动词，都指“使某物不纯或不洁净”。

contaminate暗指有污物进入，或与污物接触。

Many factories are heavily contaminated with toxic wastes.
taint强调因为污染而不再纯净或清洁，或指与外来的脏物或污秽相接。

Bad books will taint the young mind.
pollute有时可与contaminate 互换，暗指污染的过程结束了，曾经纯净或干净的东西已经变得肮脏、有毒或污秽。

Heavy industry pollutes our rivers with noxious(有害的) chemicals.
1. A secret military unit tried to ___ the drinking water of refugees.
2. Opposition leaders said that the elections had been ___ by corruption.
3. The waste gases ___ the atmosphere of towns and cities.
4. A series of political scandal has ___ the reputation of the parliament.
1contaminate 2/4taint 3 pollute
lay /bring / press charges against:
1. The police laid a charge of theft against him.
2. They haven’t laid charges against him because there is not enough evidence.
bring/press charges against sb.
charge sb. with
potent: adj. very effective and powerful
1. This is a very potent drug and can have unpleasant side effects.
2. The Berlin Wall was a potent symbol of the Cold War.
look on: watch (sth.) without becoming involved in it oneself
1.She looked on proudly as her son was given his medal.
2. T wo men were fighting while people looked on.
hoist: v. lift (sth.) to a higher position, usually using ropes
1. With some difficulty he hoisted Mary onto his shoulders.
2. A helicopter hoisted the final section of the bridge into place.
come second to: be less important than
1. The manager said that making profits came second to the employees’ health.
2. The interests of the country come second to none.
en route: on or along the way
•We are en route to the museum.
•The restaurant was en route.。