大学英语六级-234 (1)

大学英语六级-234
(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、Translation(总题数：5，分数：100.00)
1.
京剧角色
“生、旦、净、丑”是京剧中的角色分类。

“生”是男性正面角色，“旦”是女性正面角色，“净”是性格鲜明的男性配角 (supporting role)，“丑”是幽默滑稽或反面角色。

每种角色又有表明身份的脸谱(facial make-up)、扮相 (costume)等，只要演员一上场，你一看便知。

在人的脸上涂上某种颜色以象征这个人的性格和品质、角色和命运，是京剧的一大特点，也是理解剧情的关键。

简单地讲，红脸含有褒义，代表忠勇 (valor)；黑脸为中性，代表猛 (vigor)智；黄脸和白脸含贬义，代表凶诈。

（分数：20.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()
解析：Sheng , dan , jing , chou refer to different types of roles in Peking Opera. Sheng is the positive male role, dan is the positive female role, while jing is a supporting male role with a distinctive character and chou is the clown or a negative character. Each type of role has its own facial make-up and costume that expose its identity as soon as he/she appears on the stage. One major characteristic of Peking Opera is the color painted on the face of a character that shows personality, quality, role and fate. It is also the key to understanding the plot. To put it simply, red is appreciative, standing for loyalty and valor; black represents a neutral role, representing vigor and wisdom; yellow and white both suggest cunning, negative characters. [解析] 1．第一句中的“角色分类”实际上指的就是角色role，因而没有必要再将“分类”翻译出来。

2．第二句包含四个分句，内容句式均相似，翻译时可以将两个分为一组，然后将两组用while连接起来，整合成句意完整的一句话。

3．第四句的主语为“在人的脸上……命运”，若直接翻译为英语句子作主语，则稍显冗长；可将其处理为表语，把“京剧的一大特点”翻译为句子的主语。

4．第五句中有三个分句都有“代表”这个词，句式也几乎一致，如果三个分句都用同样的词、同样的句式，句子会乏味僵硬，因此要注意用词和句式的变化。

“代表”可以用represent，stand for等表示。

2.
羊
羊是一种本性温顺 (docile)、易于管理的动物。

从岩画 (rock painting)上原始人镌刻的形态各异的羊形象中，我们可以看出人类与羊的亲善、和谐关系。

羊为人们的生活或祭祀而牺牲，是“有义(personal loyalty)之物”。

羔羊似乎懂得母亲的艰辛与不易，所以吃奶时是跪着的。

羔羊的“跪乳”被人们赋予了“孝顺”和“懂礼”的意义。

据文献记载，人们很早就把羊的美德视为人的道德准则和榜样，这反映了人们对羊的精神感受和对羊的秉性的人格化概括。

（分数：20.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()
解析：The sheep is an animal that is docile in nature and easy to manage. From the sheep images of various shapes on the rock paintings carved by primitive men, we can see the good and harmonious relationship between human beings and sheep. Sheep sacrifice their lives for people"s living or worship, and therefore are deemed as embracing personal loyalty. The lamb seems to know the hardship of its mother, sucking the breast on bent knees. Such behavior is considered by people
to have symbolic meanings of filial piety and courtesy. According to the documents, people have long regarded this morality of sheep as a moral code and example for human beings, which is a reflection of people"s feeling toward sheep and a personalized summary of sheep"s nature. [解析] 1．第一句的主干是：羊是一种动物。

翻译时可将“本性温顺、易于管理的”处理为定语从句。

2．第三句要表达的意思是羊为了人类生活或祭祀而牺牲，从而被看作是“有义之物”，前半句和后半句是因果关系，因此翻译时需要增译therefore。

3．第五句中的“孝顺”和“懂礼”可分别译成filial piety和courtesy。

4．第六句中的“羊的美德”指的就是上一句中的“孝顺”和“懂礼”，因此在翻译时可增译this进行复指，指代前一句中的行为。

3.
联合国中文日
联合国中文日是联合国语言日的一部分。

根据传说，仓颉 (Cang Jie)创造了中国最原始的象形文字(hieroglyph)。

上苍因仓颉造字而感动，为其降下一场谷子雨，这就是“谷雨” (the Grain Rain)的由来。

中文日因此被定在每年中国农历的“谷雨”，以纪念汉字始祖仓颉。

从2010年开始，联合国每年都在中文日前后举行多种形式的庆祝活动。

例如：2014年，纽约联合国总部以书画展、茶艺表演(tea-making performance)、歌曲演唱和书法讲座等形式庆祝中文日。

（分数：20.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()
解析：The Chinese Language Day is part of the UN Language Days. According to legend, Cang Jie created the original hieroglyph used in China. The Heaven was moved and rained grain in praise of him, which is the origin of the Grain Rain. As a result, the Chinese Language Day is set on the Grain Rain according to the Chinese lunar calendar in memory of Cang Jie, the ancestor of the Chinese characters. Since 2010, the UN has been holding all kinds of celebrating activities around this day every year. For example, in 2014, the UN Headquarters in New York celebrated this day with painting and calligraphy exhibitions, tea-making performances, singing performances, calligraphy lectures, etc. [解析] 1．第一句中，“联合国中文日”可译为The Chinese Language Day。

2．第三句中，“为其降下一场谷子雨”要表达的意思是为了奖励仓颉而降下一场谷子雨，因此可译为rained grain in praise of him，增译in praise of这个短语更能传达出原文的意思。

3．第四句中，“中国农历”可译为the Chinese lunar calendar，“纪念”可用in memory of这个词组表达。

4．最后一句中，“纽约联合国总部”可译为the UN Headquarters in New York。

4.
筷子
筷子由两根长短相同的木棍组成，是中国的传统餐具 (eating utensil)。

筷子出现在三千多年前，它的出现不仅是中国烹饪文化的变革，也是人类文明的标志。

此外，筷子在烹饪技巧的发展过程中也起着推动作用。

如今，筷子不仅是一种餐具，还成为一种独特的文化形式，对于我们来说，筷子可以作为艺术品来欣赏、研究和收藏。

筷子虽小，但仍被世界上许多人所推崇。

一项有趣的实验表明，当你在使用筷子的时候，许多关节和肌肉都会得到锻炼。

（分数：20.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()
解析：Chopsticks, the traditional eating utensils in China, are a pair of equal length sticks. Chopsticks appeared more than three thousand years ago. The appearance of chopsticks is not only a revolution of Chinese cuisine culture, but also a symbol of human civilization. Besides,
chopsticks have promoted the development of cooking techniques. Today, chopsticks not only are a kind of tableware, but also have become a unique culture form, coming in front of us as a work of art for appreciation, research and collection. Chopsticks are small, but they are adored by many people in the world. An interesting experiment shows that many joints and muscles can be exercised when you use chopsticks. [解析] 1．第一句中，“筷子由两根长短相同的木棍组成”可以译为Chopsticks are a pair of equal length sticks，“由……组成”可以省略不译，使译文更地道。

“中国的传统餐具”可处理为“筷子”的同位语，故译为the traditional eating utensils in China。

2．第二句中，“不仅……也是……”可以用not only ... but also ...来翻译，这是英语中用来关联两个并列结构的常用词组。

3．第四句中，“独特的”可以翻译为unique。

“对于我们来说……收藏”可以处理为现在分词短语作伴随状语，对前面的“独特的文化形式”进行补充说明，译为coming in front of us as a work of art for appreciation, research and collection。

4．最后一句中，“表明”可以翻译成shows或indicates；“一项有趣的实验表明”也可意译成According to an interesting experiment；“关节”可以用joints来表达，要注意“关节和肌肉”是动作的承受者，所以要用被动语态来进行翻译。

5.
风筝
风筝起源于中国，在这个国家，制作风筝的理想材料一应俱全：丝织品用来做帆，极具韧性的
(high-tensile-strength)线可以制作风筝线，轻盈的骨架则由韧性十足的竹子制成。

据说，风筝是墨子和鲁班在公元前5世纪时发明的。

在13世纪末期，马可·波罗首次将与风筝有关的故事介绍到欧洲。

尽管风筝最初只被看作是珍奇物品 (curiosity)，但自18世纪开始，风筝已经被用作科研工具。

现在，风筝节已经成为一种流行的娱乐形式，最为著名的就是中国的潍坊风筝节。

（分数：20.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()
解析：Kites originated in China, where ideal materials for making kites were readily available: silk fabric for the sail; high-tensile-strength silk thread for the flying string; and resilient bamboo for the light framework. It is said that kites were invented by Mo Zi and Lu Ban in the 5th century BC. Stories of kites were first introduced to Europe by Marco Polo in the late 13th century. Although kites were initially regarded as curiosities, since the 18th century they have been used as a vehicle for scientific research. Now, kite festivals have become a popular form of entertainment, and the most famous one is China"s Weifang Kite Festival. [解析] 1．第一句很长，冒号前面是主干句，冒号后面是用来介绍“理想材料”的分句，并且是并列结构，可用省略句来进行翻译。

例如：“丝织品用来做帆”可直接翻译为silk fabric for the sail，而不需要用系动词或谓语，其他两个并列句也可按此格式进行翻译，译文简洁明了。

2．第二句中，“据说”可以译为It is said that。

that引导的从句的主语可以是“风筝”，也可以是“墨子和鲁班”，但是为了强调风筝，我们用kites作主语，使用被动语态。

3．第四句中，“最初”可译为initially或at the very beginning；“科研工具”可译为a vehicle for scientific research。

“尽管……但……”这种转折关系可以用although或though引导句子来表达，也可以用in spite of或despite引导名词性短语来表达。

4．最后一句中，“风筝节”可以译为kite festivals；“潍坊风筝节”作为专有名词，首字母必须大写，可以译为Weifang Kite Festival。