连词讲义高考英语一轮复习

连词
一、概述：连词是连接单词、短语或句子（包括从句与分句）的词。

连词是虚词，在句子中一般不重读，不能单独作句子成分。

二、连词的分类
（一）并列连词：并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。

常见的并列连词有：
1.表并列关系的and, both…and, not only…but also, as well as, neither…nor等。

1）and: ① 可以连接两个的词，多用于肯定句中。

例如：He started to shout and sing.
② 连接两个句子，表示因果、对比、条件、假设、目的等。

2）both…and “不但…而且…；既…又…”，可以并列主语、宾语、表语、状语、谓语等成分。

并列主语时谓语动词用复数形式。

例如：Both New York and London have traffic problems.
The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.
3）not onl y…but also “不但...而且”，是并列连词，可以连接两个词，也可连接两个句子。

其中，but also中的also可以省略。

a.连接两个成分
not only…but also可以连接句中所有的成分，连接并列主语时，其谓语动词根据就近原则，与所靠近的成分保持数的一致。

例如：Not only the students but (also) their teacher is enjoying the movie.
He can speak not only French but (also) English.
He not only had seen the film but also remembered what he had seen.
b.并列两个句子
not only…but also可以连接两个句子，not only位于句首时，not only后的句子要倒装。

例如：Not only is he a scientist, but he is also a fighter.
Not only was everything he had taken away, but his citizenship.
4) as well as 其连词作用，表示“同、和、也”等。

例如：The editors as well as the proofreaders are working overtime.
I have read his novels as well as his plays.
5）neither…nor “既不…也不…”
连接主语时，谓语动词也依据就近原则。

例如：Neither you nor I am wrong.
连接两个句子，当neither, nor放句首时，该句倒装。

例如：Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory.
2. 表选择关系的or, or else, either…or, otherwise等。

1) or “或” 可以连接两个的词，多用于否定或者疑问句中。

主语的人称、数不一致时, 动词随着接近的主语而变化。

例如：John or you are in Class Two.
He never smokes or drinks.
Will you have tea or coffee?
2）or else “否则”例如：Hurry up, or else we'll be late for the meeting.
3）otherwise “否则” 例如：Let's begin, otherwise, we will fall behind.
4）either…or “或者…或者” 连接主语时，谓语动词依据就近原则。

例如：Either my father or my brothers are coming.
3. 表转折关系的but, while（而）, yet, however（然而）, not…but等。

例如：Learning the guitar isn't difficult ,but you have to practice.
She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact I was talking about my daughter.
He was in deep trouble , yet he didn't lose heart.
Rick was very successful. However, the last few years of his life were not happy ones.
not…but“不是…而是”在连接主语时，谓语动词要按就近原则，与靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

例如：Not the manager but the workers are hoping to do that.
Not you but I am a teacher.
4.表因果关系的for, so, therefore等。

1) for表示原因，对前面的情况加以解释，有逗号把它和前面的分句分开。

例如：The shop was quite new, for it had opened only the week before.
2）so 表示结果，意为“因此，所以，于是”。

例如：These buildings were over 50 years old, so they were not strong enough.
3）therefore意为“因此, 所以”，多放在分句或句子的前面。

例如：He broke the law ,therefore he was put into prison.
（二）从属连词：从属连词用来连接各种从句。

1．连接主语从句，表语从句和宾语从句常用连词有三个：that, if, whether.
例如：We all know that the earth moves around the sun.
I want to know whether/if he will come back soon.
Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.
2.引导状语从句的从属连词
1）连接时间状语从句的从属连词有：since（自从）, until（直到）, after, before, when, while, as, as soon as, whenever, ever since
2）连接让步状语从句的从属连词有：although, though, even if, however
3）连接原因状语从句的从属连词有：as, because, since, now that
4）连接目的状语从句的从属连词有：that, so that, in order that
5）连接条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless, once, in case
6）连接结果状语从句的从属连词有：so…that, such…that
7）连接方式状语从句的从属连词有：as, as if(as though) Exercises:用适当的连词填空。

1.Lily could swim well ________ she was young.
2.I did _______ he told me.
3.Hurry up, ___________ you won’t find a seat.
4.You can’t know _________ you try.
5.I’ve not seen him _________ he left.
6.Lucy can speak a little French ________ Jim can’t.
7.I didn’t meet you _______ the rain was late.
8.I got up early ______ I can get to school on time.
9.I know you better _________ he does.
10.I was reading ________ she was playing games.
11.You’ll miss the rain _______ you hurry up.
12.It looks ________ it’s going to rain.
13._________ you are all here, let’s begin.
14.You can ask him to do the work ________ you want.
15.You should look both ways _________ you crosss the road.
16.I wondered _______ she would come or not.
17.I’ll tell her about it ______ I see her.
18._________ it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay at home.
19.Young people love this time of year ________ it’s good for sports.
20.Summer comes ________ spring.
21.Tom is tall ______ his brother is short.
22.You may come ______ on Friday ______ Saturday. I ‘m free these days.
23.I didn’t know _______ he had passed the exam.。