美国文学与文化_论文

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东南大学美国文学与文化课程论文

美国文学与文化课程论文浅谈马克吐温及《汤姆索亚历险记》马克·吐温原名塞缪尔·朗赫恩·克莱门斯,一生创作了大量描绘19 世纪美国南方独具特色的乡土气息的文学作品,在美国现实主义小说理论和小说语言风格上为美国文学的发展做出了重要贡献。

马克·吐温以他独具一格的语言特色和真实可信的故事情节打动了千千万万中外读者的心。

马克·吐温的语言生动活泼、幽默诙谐,尤其是他创作的《汤姆·索亚历险记》这部以少年为主人公的文学作品,受到不计其数的世界青少年的青睐。

马克·吐温不仅在长篇小说方面取得了很高的成就,他的短篇小说以其短小精悍的情节、幽默风趣的语言同样成就斐然。

自从他的成名作《卡拉韦拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》成功后,马克·吐温又创作了《竞选州长》等广为我国读者熟悉的作品, 深刻讽刺了当时惟利是图的政治家操弄社会民主和正义的黑暗现实。

马克·吐温经历了美国从初期资本主义到帝国主义的发展过程，其思想和创作也表现为从轻快调笑到辛辣讽刺再到悲观厌世的发展阶段。

除马克·吐温的早期作品对正处于资本主义发展上升时期的美国社会还留有对美好幸福生活少许的憧憬和期待外,他的大部分作品特别是中后期的作品,无不流露出对当时社会现实的不满和失望,对处于社会底层的平民百姓尤其是无家可归、食不果腹的贫民的同情。

尤其是在马克·吐温的晚年,由于他本人不幸的个人生活悲剧不断加剧,他先后失去自己的三个子女,马克·吐温的人生观和世界观都发生了一定的转变。

这使得他的作品明显表现出对社会进步和正义公平的疑惑和失望,对个人实现社会价值和梦想的破灭和绝望。

这些带有悲情色调的情感流露时常在他的作品中出现,颇有命中注定的宿命倾向。

在马克·吐温的许多作品当中，作者都喜爱用第一人称的写作手法。

修辞学家W·C·布斯在他的《小说修辞学》中这样说道：“将在小说里承担叙述功能的一个人物称为戏剧化的叙述，就是把叙述者完全戏剧化，把他们变成与其所讲述的人物同样生动的人物。

英美文化毕业论文范文

英美文化毕业论文范文浅析英美文化差异对英美文学评论的影响摘要：文化是一个国家存在与发展的灵魂，它对一个国家的文学评论能够产生广泛的影响。

本文在分析英美文学的发展与英美文学评价的基础上，从英美两国文化发展载体的差异、文化内涵的差异、文化历史的差异这三个主要方面分析了文化差异对英美文学评论的影响，以期更深入地为大家学习、欣赏英美文学作品提供一些有益的参考。

关键词：文化差异英美文学文学评论文化伴随着人类历史的产生而产生，广泛而深刻影响着人类社会的历史生活，并在长期的历史发展中表现出了民族文化的差异性，促成了世界文化多元的发展。

在多元文化发展的这一社会大背景下，对于英美文学评论的影响因素很多，其中文化差异的因素对英美文学评论所产生的影响最为广泛和深远。

一、英美文学的发展与英美文学评论英美文学与英美文学评论是相伴产生的，英美文学作品是将英美文化艺术性地展现，而英美文学评论则是通过英美文学这一手段重新审视与剖析英美社会文化生活。

两者之间的联系是紧密的，也是必然的。

因而，探讨文化差异对英美文学的评论影响，有必要对英美文学的发展历史作出梳理。

1 、英美文学发展英美文学作品是英美两国人民智慧的结晶，同时也是英美文化的表现形式。

英美文学不单单是英美语言的艺术性体现，同时也是对英美人民现实生活的艺术性展现，是世界人民认识英美文化的一个窗口。

英语作为一种交流的工具，在英美文学作品中，被用来表达英美人的思想、情感。

英国的文学发展史可谓是源远流长，英国文学先后经历了盎格鲁·撒克逊阶段、文艺复兴阶段、新古典主义阶段、浪漫主义阶段、现实主义阶段以及现代主义阶段。

纵观英国文学的发展阶段，我们不难发现，其每一个阶段在文学成就上都具有独特的文学艺术魅力。

特别是二次世界大战之后，英国的文学在当今多元化社会背景之下，正朝着多元化的方向不断地向前发展。

美国是一个移民国家，而美国文学也受外来文化的影响。

美国文学受英国文学的影响很深，开始只是一味地模仿英国文学。

英美文学论文范文

英美文学论文范文英美文学是一种重要的文化艺术表现形式,虽然是文学,其实也是反映当时时期的是思想文化和社会现实,体现的是西方文化的发展过程,也反映的是西方文化和思想。

下面是店铺为大家整理的英美文学论文，供大家参考。

英美文学论文范文一：历史文化在英美文学中的作用摘要：在诸多历史、社会、文化、政治、经济、生活方式、地域、宗教、价值观等因素差异下，英美文学作品势必出现千姿百态的形式和文学风格，只有深刻地理解上述因素对于英美文学著作的影响作用，才能够透析英美文学著作的实质，才能更好地理解英美文学著作中机智隽永的内涵。

关键词：历史文化;英美文学一、历史与文化差异影响下英美文学著作所具有的特点(一)历史与文化差异影响下英国文学著作的特点英国文学源远流长，经过了漫长的时间和时代的演变。

在这个过程中，文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对英国文学产生着影响。

英国文学是对于当时社会环境的一种映衬与写照。

文学内部遵循自身规律，历经不同历史阶段。

如盎格鲁-萨克逊史诗《贝奥武甫》;中古英国文学著作时期，代表作乔叟(Chaucer)的《坎特伯雷故事集》;文艺复兴下的莎士比亚代表作《威尼斯商人》《罗密欧与朱丽叶》《哈姆雷特》《暴风雨》等;新古典主义下的英国文学著作，浪漫主义时期，华兹华斯的《抒情歌谣集》;现实主义下的英国文学著作时期，代表作为夏洛蒂•勃朗特的《简•爱》，哈代的《德伯家的苔丝》，大作家查尔斯•狄更斯的《大卫•科波菲尔》《远大前程》《双城记》;现代主义下的英国文学著作康拉德的《黑暗的心脏》(1899)。

语言和风格的“标新立异”是英国现代派的最大特点。

战后英国文学代表作约翰•福尔斯的《法国中尉的女人》大致呈现从写实到实验和多元的走势。

从厚重的文学底蕴出发，英国文学著作发展到今天正在朝着百家争鸣、百家齐放的方向发展。

(二)历史与文化差异影响下美国文学著作所具有的特点美国的文学历史与美国资本主义的发展如影随形，虽然早期的文学著作隐约还有英国文学的痕迹，随着美国资本主义的民主与自由的不断演绎升华，美国的文学著作也大放异彩，形成了美国民族的特有色彩。

[美国文学的论文]美国文学论文选题

[美国文学的论文]美国文学论文选题美国文学的论文篇1浅析禅文化在美国文学中的渗透和发展一、渗透阶段：从爱默生到狄金森，异曲同工的超验主义和禅爱默生及其同伴梭罗是美国第一代热爱佛学的人物。

早在1820年爱默生的日记中多次提到印度宗教思想，他熟读《薄伽梵歌》，并且向朋友们推荐。

1844年在其主办的刊物《日晷》上发表了《法华经》的译文，这是美国第一部佛教经典译作。

作为美国文化的精神领袖，爱默生终其一生想摆脱欧洲的文化束缚，因此，他转向古老的东方文化以寻求帮助，中国儒家思想和印度哲学成为其超验主义学说的重要源头。

爱默生的超验主义有许多内容与禅宗思想不谋而合，如万物一统、活在当下、热爱自然、自立、修身等精神。

①禅宗完全摆脱了外来偶像崇拜和繁琐教义的束缚，爱默生也竭力推动美国的文化独立和个性的解放。

百丈禅师说：“日日是好日”，爱默生宣称：“如果我们能始终‘活在当下’，我们应该受到祝福，我们懂得利用每一降在我们身上之事……”②受爱默生影响，狄金森写了五百多首描写自然、探讨自然与人的关系的诗篇(约占她全部诗作的三分之一)。

除此之外，她的诗歌主题多是对死亡的独特理解、对自身的反省、对内心直觉的描述，甚至对“无我”之境、对“空”的领悟。

梭罗、惠特曼的作品也或多或少有禅的影子。

二、借鉴阶段：从庞德到史蒂文斯，从禅诗到诗禅19世纪末禅宗被介绍到西方之前美国文坛对禅的关注从对中国古典诗歌和日本俳句的关注中开始了。

唐代诗人接受禅学影响，导致了在一定程度诗的禅化。

禅诗在唐朝达到高峰，流传到日本后又与日本文化相结合形成了具有日本特色的俳句，这两种诗歌形式都成为禅的重要传播媒介，尤其在20世纪初意象主义诗歌运动的上升时期，大量的意象和简洁的俳句手法成了意象派诗人们借鉴的首选。

以意象派的压轴之作、庞德的《在地铁站内》{1}为例：这些面孔在人群中幽灵般地显现：湿漉漉的黑树枝上朵朵花瓣。

意象主义诗歌运动对以后的英美诗歌创作走向产生了深远的影响，它把禅的人生态度和处理题材的方式植入了西方诗歌。

欧美文学经典论文1200字_欧美文学经典毕业论文范文模板

欧美文学经典论文1200字_欧美文学经典毕业论文范文模板欧美文学经典论文1200字(一)：欧美及亚非经典文学中精神文化浅探论文文学是在语言文字最初的交流和记录功能之上发展、升华出来的思想情感的表达方式，是人们对客观世界的认识和主观感受的外在流露。

由北京大学出版社出版，涂险峰、张箭飞主编的《外国文学》一书，按照文学本身的发展规律，分别以时序和国家地区为标准，遴选了一批在历史上各个时期的各个民族和地区最具代表性的作家和作品，全方位地勾画出一幅世界文学发展地图，并提炼出其中的精华部分呈现给读者。

本书是中国文学工作者和爱好者了解、研究世界其他国家和地区文学、文化的极富价值的图书。

本书中篇幅最长、着墨最多的是欧美部分。

欧洲文学的源头和第一个高峰是古典时期的古希腊和古罗马文学，这一时期的文学作品为整个西方文学的发展奠定了基调。

无论是《荷马史诗》中的英雄主义、悲剧《俄狄浦斯王》里人与命运的抗争，还是伟大的罗马诗人维吉尔作品中对人类情感的真实表现，都是直至现在仍被不断借鉴的主题。

欧洲文学的第二个高峰出现在文艺复兴时期。

标志文艺复兴发端的是意大利诗人但丁的《神曲》，作品所流露出的反对中世纪的蒙昧主义，追求真理的思想，成了文艺复兴的第一声号角，也对欧洲后世的诗歌创作产生了深远的影响。

此后300多年的时间里，欧洲涌现出了一大批伟大的作家和传世的名作。

无论是薄伽丘的《十日谈》、拉伯雷的《巨人传》，还是塞万提斯的《堂吉诃德》，无不体现着人文主义的精神，为欧洲和世界开启了一个文化的新时代。

而这其中的集大成者是莎士比亚，他在文化上的成就和地位至今无人超越。

流传下来的37部戏剧，154首十四行诗，是留给全人类的一笔巨大的文化遗产。

近代以后，歐洲文学在社会进步的推动下不断向前发展，从新古典主义到浪漫主义，再到以反映真实生活为主的现实主义，呈现出一个又一个高峰。

无论是莫里哀的喜剧，还是歌德的诗歌，巴尔扎克和托尔斯泰的小说，都把人类的精神境界推向更加理性和高尚的层次。

美国文学史--语言文化论文

美国文学史--语言文化论文文学史是人类文化成果之一的文学的历史。

它是研究文学的历史现象及其发展规律的科学。

根据不同国别、地域、民族及不同时期、不同体裁等分类标准，可分为国别史(如中国文学史)、世界或地区史(如世界文学史、欧洲文学史)、通史或断代史(中国现代文学史)、民族史(如蒙古族文学史)、分体史(如中国戏曲史)等。

下面是店铺为大家精心准备的语言文化论文：美国文学史。

仅供大家参考!美国文学史全文如下：Abstract:America’s history of literature began with the swarming in of immigrants with different background and cultures. After that, American literature had been greatly influenced by the European culture for a long period. It was not until America’s independence, did Americans realized that they need national literature strongly, and American literature began to developed. The Civil War was a watershed in the history, after which American literature entered a period of full blooming. Romantics, which emphasized individualism and intuition and Tnscendentalism represented by Emerson came out into being. This was an exciting period in the history of American literature. Like the flowers of spring, there were suddenly many different kinds of writing at the same time. They have given depth and strength to American literature, and accelerated the forming of High Romantics. But due to the influence of Civil War, the American society was in a turbulent situation. The writings about local life, critical realism and unveiling the dark side of the society were increased. After The First World War, Americans were at a loss postwar, and the Modern American literature began.My piece of paper is written in chronological order as these periods developed in order to have a clear outline of its progress.Keywords: National Literature, Romanism, Transcendentalism, Local Color, Realism, Modern literature摘要：从殖民地时期起，欧洲殖民者和清教徒翻开了美国文学史的第一页。

美国文化论文

美国文化论文介绍美国是一个多元文化融合的国家，其独特的文化魅力吸引着世界各地的人们。

本文将探讨美国文化的多个方面，包括语言、宗教、饮食、艺术和娱乐等。

同时，我们将深入了解美国文化对全球的影响和作用。

语言英语是美国的官方语言，被广泛使用。

然而，美国存在着丰富的方言和口音，因为移民和地理因素导致了各地区英语的多样性。

美国的语言文化也受到其他语言的影响，如西班牙语、法语和德语等。

这种多样性使得美国成为了语言和文化交流的重要中心。

宗教美国是一个宗教自由的国家，拥有多元的宗教信仰。

基督教是主要的宗教，包括天主教、新教和各个教派。

此外，犹太教、伊斯兰教、佛教和印度教等也在美国扎根，并且得到广泛的接受和尊重。

宗教对美国人民的生活和价值观产生了广泛而深远的影响。

饮食美国的饮食文化是多元和多样的。

各地区都有自己独特的风味和特色菜肴。

例如，德克萨斯州的烧烤、路易斯安那州的海鲜和纽约州的比萨饼。

此外，美国也受到来自世界各地的饮食文化的影响，如意大利面食、墨西哥玉米饼和日本寿司等。

美国的快餐文化也备受关注，如麦当劳和肯德基等全球连锁餐厅的兴起。

艺术美国的艺术领域丰富多样，涵盖了文学、音乐、电影和绘画等各个方面。

美国文学享有盛誉，著名作家如马克·吐温、欧内斯特·海明威和威廉·福克纳等为美国文学作出了巨大贡献。

音乐方面，爵士乐、摇滚乐和流行音乐等都起源于美国，并且对全球音乐产业有着重要影响。

美国的电影产业也是世界闻名的，好莱坞成为了全球电影的中心。

娱乐美国以其独特的娱乐产业闻名于世。

从好莱坞的电影到百老汇的音乐剧，美国的娱乐行业吸引了无数观众。

此外，美国的体育也备受关注，篮球、棒球和橄榄球等运动成为了美国民众的热门娱乐活动。

不仅如此，美国的游乐场、博物馆和音乐节等也为人们提供了丰富的娱乐选择。

美国文化的全球影响美国的文化对全球产生了重要的影响。

好莱坞电影成为世界各地人们的娱乐首选，美国音乐艺术家的作品能够在全球范围内广泛传播。

关于美国文化的论文

关于美国文化的论文美国自二十世纪二十年代以来，就逐步从文化“熔炉”理论慢慢向多元文化理论转变。

下文是店铺为大家整理的关于美国文化的论文的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!关于美国文化的论文篇1凋零的美国南方文化摘要：美国剧作家田纳西?威廉姆斯的剧作《欲望号街车》反映了美国南方种植园文化在北方工业化进程中所遭遇到的失败。

本文通过分析主人公布兰奇和米契这两个在南北方文化冲突中艰难前行的人物，旨在剖析南北战争对南方人在精神文化方面带来的影响和变化。

关键词：南北方文化冲突;《欲望号街车》;南北战争一、引言在所有的文学体裁中，美国戏剧的发展历史是最短的。

直到20世纪早期，一些美国的本土剧作家才相继出现。

1920年到1960年期间，美国集中出现了一批国内外知名的剧作家，这在美国历史上是史无前例的。

其中一些作家开始关注当时最为热门的社会问题――南北方文化冲突。

1861年到1865年的南北战争对美国的政治和文学都产生了深远的影响。

南方最终的失败造成了南方传统生活方式的毁灭和传统价值观念的沦丧，贵族沦为了平民，工厂取代了农田，曾经一度繁荣的南方文化逐渐走向衰败。

战前，南方人富庶的生活给他们带来一种优越感，优雅的生活方式已经在他们的记忆中根深蒂固。

战后，他们不能接受失败，也不能应对生活中出现的新困难，只能一味地沉浸在对昔日荣耀的回忆中。

这时，美国文坛上出现了很多现实主义作家，他们关注平民百姓的现实生活，如何走出南方战后的困境成为了这些现代作家的话题。

他们将作品中的人物置身于南北两种文化中，就像是田纳西?威廉姆斯《欲望号街车》中的布兰奇和米契一样，在不断探索中找寻走出困境的出路。

田纳西?威廉姆斯(Tennessee Williams) 是美国文学史上最伟大的战后作家之一。

由于在南方长期的生活，他已将南方的文化印记深深地植入了心间，可以说他是南方文化的最佳代言人。

在南方目睹了过多的贫穷困苦，他一直致力于描写南方人在美国内战战败后所面临的困境。

美国文化论文

浅谈美国文化中的个人主义摘要：美国文化的特点很多，集中体现在文学、绘画、建筑、电影等方面，其核心的便是个人主义，个人主义体现在人们的日常行为、文化语言、教育婚姻、竞技电影等方面。

美国文化有精华，亦存在糟粕，那么我们在面对美国文化的时候应该批判的吸收，从而使我们国家的传统文化得以继承与发展。

关键词：美国文化、个人主义、批判的吸收美国文化的特点体现在各个方面，如：文学、绘画、建筑、雕塑、舞蹈、电影……我在这里就美国文化中的个人主义进行浅析。

所谓个人主义，一般来说有广义和狭义之分。

广义的个人主义，是泛指西方从文艺复兴以来，随着资本主义生产关系的发展，随着反封建压迫和神权统治的斗争而形成的以个人为中心的思想。

狭义的个人主义，主要是指个人主义这一概念出现以后的个人主义思想体系及其理论，它是一种典型的西方资本主义政治和社会哲学，其主要内容是相信每个人都具有价值，高度重视个人自由，强调个人的自我支配、自我控制、自我发展，是以个人为本位的人生哲学美国文化的主要内容是强调个人价值，追求民主自由，崇尚开拓和竞争，讲求理性和实用，其核心是个人中心主义。

美国公众注重成就，仰慕英雄，有深厚的成就崇拜和英雄崇拜的心理积淀。

个人成就是所有美国人价值观中评价最高的价值之一。

美国人有很强的成就（或成功）意识。

成功是所有美国人的追求，是诱人的前景，前进的动力。

他们坚信，一个人的价值就等于他在事业上的成就。

一些事业有成的企业家、科学家、艺术家和各类明星，成了新时代的英雄。

他们个人奋斗的过程和结果，成了社会文化价值取向的参照系，父母教育子女的活教材。

个人主义体现在美国人的口常行为中。

强调每个人作为个体,每个人都有他的自然权利，平等和自由。

在美国，个人的隐私权是受到尊重和保护的。

而那些对年龄、婚恋、宗教信仰、经济状况等有关方面的问题，美国人认为是隐私性问题，通常采取回避的态度。

个人主义强调对个人私生活的保护和尊重，不允许对之进行刺探、干涉和侵扰。

美国文学论文

美国文学研究摘要：如同其他所有国家一般，美国的文学是由其独特的发展历史所塑成的。

在早期，美国是由东岸的一系列英国殖民地所形成的，因此美国文学的传统较亲近于英国文学。

不过，随著历史的进展和不断的移民潮，美国文学的特色和宽广度都已经超出英国文学的范畴。

在最早的殖民时期，美国文学主要的题材是赞扬新大陆替殖民者和欧洲母国所带来的利益。

宗教信仰上的争议也是题材之一。

随著革命战争的爆发和美国的独立，催生了新国家的独立意识。

写下了独立宣言.奴隶制度的冲突和接踵而来的内战也对美国文学有深刻影响，到了19世纪末，由于工业化的进展和国土开拓时期的结束，美国文学脱离了原先的边境文学，进入了20世纪，工业化带来的社会转变使美国文学发展的更为多元和复杂。

黑人文学、南部文学、以及现代文学也在同时期兴起。

在第二次世界大战后，新的世代、和新的种族、地区、社会特征都与之前的世代大不相同，大量的移民文学和新兴的女性主义文学也成为美国文学的一部分了。

关键词：殖民地；独立意识；美国文学；黑人文学；后现代主义文学中图分类号：i306 文献标识码：ａ文章编号：1005-5312（2010）24-0061-02美国文学表现为平民化，多元化，富于阳刚之气，热爱自由，追求以个人幸福为中心的美国梦。

美国文学大致出现过3次繁荣：19世纪前期形成民族文学，第一和第二次世界大战后，美国文学两度繁荣，并产生世界影响，已有近10位作家获得诺贝尔文学奖。

一、美国文学的雏形早期的美国文学是从欧洲文学的样式和风格中衍生出来的。

例如，维兰德和查尔斯·布罗克登·布朗的小说创作就是对英格兰哥特小说的模仿。

麦尔维尔的小说中融入了很多哲学上的思索。

在其代表作《白鲸》中，作家通过对一场惊心动魄的捕鲸历程的描述，表达了对人类痴迷状态、人性中罪恶成分以及人类如何战胜这些天性的思索。

在他的另一部短篇杰作中，梅尔维尔则戏剧性的描写了战争时期一艘船上人们责任和同情心的主题。

美国文化论文精选

美国文化论文精选(2)推荐文章有关民俗文化论文参考热度：大学数学文化选修课论文3000字热度：关于大学民俗文化论文范文3000字热度：汽车文化的论文范文3000字热度：有关数学文化方面的论文热度：美国文化论文篇3试谈好莱坞电影的美国文化解读及传播一、引言如今，在世界电影片总产量之中，美国的总产量仅占7%左右，但美国电影在世界电影的总放映时间却占60%，在世界电影行业的总票房占2/3，美国可以说是垄断了很多发展中国家的电影市场，全球影院所播放的片源85%出自好莱坞，在国际影坛之中好莱坞的大佬地位无人能及。

著名周刊曾经对好莱坞做了如下评论：有限的一个地域之内的一小波人，影响着全球不同国家数以亿计人的意识、想法和生活习性，这是非常难以想象的。

美国将全球变成了电影产业的盈利场所，从而用美式的价值取向、风格意识吞噬着其他国家的原始文化。

所以，在以政治、经济、文化为前提的全球化进程之中，我们应该更加重视文化的传播与推广，将我国本该有的文化理念传递到世界各个角落。

二、内容上的美国文化传播学专家席勒说过：通过电影表现的文化服务产业，它不纯粹是简单的消遣娱乐，更重要的是面向社会传递政治及价值观点的媒介，究其根本，它的意义就是对整个社会的精神空间进行重组及解读的一个表现形式。

在数字化影像技术日益先进的今天，好莱坞更注重画面的震撼感，通过不同的审美意象勾画出观众最想看到的画面，从而将美国的不同文化理念贯穿于剧中传递给所有受众群体。

自由主义、人道主义、个人主义等这一系列的核心价值观最容易触动人类的心灵，使人类产生情感上的共识，这些也是好莱坞电影一直在运用的价值观。

因为注入此类的核心价值观能够作为观众与作品之间的情感纽带，从而打破不同文化背景之下的限制，将跨国电影与异国观众之间的障碍一并排除。

好莱坞战争题材的电影作品一般所表现的主题都是正义、自由、友谊、善良等。

比如电影作品《黑鹰坠落》讲述的就是勇敢之心以及战友之间深厚的感情;《拯救大兵瑞恩》将战争情节转化为人道主义精神;《珍珠港》的主旨就是宣传民主与自由。

美国文学与文化结业论文(很水,当摘抄看好了……)

《美国文学与文化》课程论文我们的梦想——读《了不起的盖茨比》有感2012-11-26前言：很高兴能跟着老师学习美国文学与文化。

短短几周的学习，要结束了，有着淡淡的遗憾。

我一直对文学有着莫名的向往，觉得一本书承载另一个世界是一件极神奇的事，很喜欢听那些故事，了解别的生活方式，了解另一种文化。

奈何悟性不高，又走上了工科女的不归路。

但一直对人文伸长了脖子使劲儿张望，希望可以有个人把我熏陶熏陶，让自己也能“腹有诗书气自华”。

老师的课程虽说短时间内没让我有文化起来，但确确实实给我指明了方向，希望，以后啊，不要求出口成章，至少能知道一些东西，明白一些东西，泡图书馆不仅仅是写高数。

本次作业，我选择的是Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby。

它的确带给我很多思考，毕竟用现在流行的话说：屌丝也想成为高富帅啊！那么，我们真正应该追求的是什么？我们先看看作者的生平，他的梦：在美国喧嚣嘈杂的二十年代，菲茨杰拉德是位名副其实的“金童”。

他创造了真正的一文千金的神话。

在鼎盛时期，他每一篇短篇小说的身价是四千美元，几乎是一个字一美元。

一贯矜持稳重的T. S. 在读完他的《了不起的盖茨比》后，甚至断言，菲茨杰拉德的小说是“自亨利. 詹姆士后,美国小说向前跨出的第一步”。

那个时候的他，真是香车美人，应有尽有，辗转于欧美两地的豪门酒会，成了那个时代青年人的代言人和偶像。

他的同龄挚友海明威这时还不过是籍籍无名的文学青年。

然而仅仅二十多年后，当海明威站在斯德哥尔摩的领奖台上时，菲茨杰拉德的书已经被人们悄悄的忘却。

今天，对于中国读者来说，海明威的名字已经成为了普通的文学常识，而知道菲茨杰拉德的中国读者却很少。

大概是早就预见到了这种反差，多愁善感的菲茨杰拉德曾在与海明威绝交后不久，在自己的日记中写到：“我与失败这一权威对话，厄内斯特则是与成功这一权威对话。

我们永远不会再次面对面的坐在同一张桌前了。

美国文学论文

美国文学论文美国文学是世界上最年轻的文学之一,从其诞生之时起,就因其尖锐的批判性、持续的独创性和精彩的多元性而独树一帜。

下面是店铺为大家整理的美国文学论文，供大家参考。

美国文学论文范文一：Analysis of the main character Ahab in Moby Dick摘要:«白鲸»讲述了饱经风霜的亚哈船长与他的仇敌白鲸之间惊心动魄的故事，亚哈身上体现了令人敬佩的正义品质:百折不挠、英勇无畏、经验丰富，同时还具有令人恐惧的邪恶力量:偏执、自私、专横。

他集正义与邪恶与一身，具有鲜明的双重性。

关键词:正义;邪恶;性格双重性Abstract:«Moby Dick» tells us a thrilling tale between Captain Ahab and his enemy whale called Moby Dick.Ahab's character is amphibious. On one hand,he is indomitable、brave and experienced. On the other hand, he is bigoted, selfish and presuming.Key words: justice; evil; character's amphibiousness«Moby Dick» written by Herman Melville is regarded as the first American prose epic. It's an encyclopedia of everything, history, philosophy, religion, etc. But it is first a Shakespearean tragedy of man fighting again overwhelming odds in an indifferent and even hostile universe.The story goes roughly as follows. Ishmael, feeling depressed, seeks escape by going out to sea on the whaling ship, Pequod. The captain is Ahab, the man with one leg. Moby Dick, the white whale, had sheared off his leg on the most as a reward for anyone who sights thewhale first. The Pequod marked a good catch of whales but Ahab refuses to turn back until he has killed his enemy. Eventually,the white whale appears, and the Pequod begins its doomed fight with it. On the first day the whale overturns a boat; On the second, it swamps another. When the third day comes, Ahab and his crew manage to plunge a harpoon into it, but the whale carries the Pequod along with it to its doom. All on board the whaler get drowned, except one, Ishmael, who survives to tell the tale. From the story, we can see that captain Ahab is a hero who dares to fight though he failed at last. Ahab is Byronic hero, a man with consuming desire to take revenge against the whale which has crippled him. He is brave. Though he knows that it has difficulty in killing whale, he never gives up. He thinks that man can make the world for himself and he tries his best to kill the whale. Although he fails at last, his spiritual is respectable and we should also be indomitable.We know that Ahab's character is amphibious, and we now more focus on the bleak view. As the author is negative, the story is full of tragedy, including the ending.Captain Ahab is a typical Melvillean “isolato”, and a typical Bartleby whose lips are set ever for an “I prefer not to”. He cuts himself off from his wife and kid, and stays away most of the time from his crew. He hates Moby Dick which is an embodiment of nature. He is angry because his pride is wounded. After the loss of his leg in his encounter with the white whale, he seems to hold God responsible for the presence of evil in the universe. Thus his anger assumes the proportions of a cosmis nature. In his egocentric obsession. He loves his sanity, and humanity and becomes a devilish creature rushing headlong toward his doom.Captain Ahab believed in his own power, he is too much of a self-reliant individual to be a good human being. His selfhood must be asserted at the expense of all else: lives may be sacrificed,and nature may be sacrificed, and nature may have to be vanquished in order that he may do what he wills. Ahab is ,to be more exact, a victim of solipsism, His tragedy stemming in the main from extreme individualism, selfish will, a spirit too much withdrawn to itself to warrant salvation.In conclusion, we should observe the two sides of the Captain's character. We need be brave and confident. We have to remind that man is in society, and we can't live without society. We should respect the nature.美国文学论文范文二：The review about the Literature of RomanticismⅠ. BackgroundFrom the early 1800s to the civil war，American was a land of paradoxes, a land stirred by spiritual dreams and shaped by the realities of a growing materialism. the United States had begun to change into an industrial cause society, technology would bring vast material benefits and cause overwhelming social disorders. Americans had sought new liberties and new ideas in life and art, but conflicts of their society had culminated in a bloody civil war. In the first half of the nineteenth century the proportion of Americans who labored on farms declined as increasing members left the land to work in urban businesses and factories. New York became American’s largest city, supplanting Boston and Philadelphia as the economic and cultural capital of the nation. Though the first half of the century the pursuit of simplicity, utility, and perfection remained an American characteristic.In the years preceding the Civil War relatively few volumes of imaginative literature were published in the United States. Most book were almanacs, schoolbooks, self-help manuals, or workson religion, medicine, or the law. Fewer than a dozen volumes of poetry were published annually. Fiction was a prime component of ladies’ magazines. Novels were increasingly popular, especially historical romances written by Europeans, most notably by “the monarch and master of modern fiction,” Sir Walter Scott. But as the century progressed, native American writers won increasing national and international fame. Washington Irving’s Sketch Book (1819-1820)became the first work by an American writer to win financial success on both sides of the Atlantic.Ⅱ. The definition of RomanticismRomanticism is a movement prevailing the 19th century in Western World in literature. art music and philosophy beginning as a reaction and protest against the bondage of rules and customs of neo-classicism. It was marked and is always marked by a story reaction .It returned to nature and plain humanity for material. It brought about a renewed interest in medieval literature. It was also marked by sympathy for poor people and thus a deep understanding toward common people. It was a movement expression of indivdual orignality and different poets realized their variety.A dream of golden age is established against stern realities .Imagination is the key point.Ⅲ. The Characteristic s of the Romantic LiteratureThe main trends of thought of the literature of romanticism is Romanticism, Transcendentation, Anti-slavery. Transcendentation as a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither logical nor systematized. It exalted feeling over reason, individual expression over the restraints of law and custom. They believed in the transcendence of the “Oversoul”, an all-pervading power for goodness from which all things come and of which all things are a part.Romanticism, attitude or intellectual orientation that characterized many works of literature, painting, music, architecture, criticism, and historiography in Western civilization over a period from the late 18th to the mid-19th century. Romanticism canbe seen as a rejection of the precepts of order, calm, harmony, balance, idealization, and rationality that typified Classicism in general and late 18th-century Neoclassicism in particular. It was also to some extent a reaction against the Enlightenment and against 18th-century rationalism and physical materialism in general. Romanticism emphasized the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the imaginative, the personal, the spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and the transcendental.Among the characteristic attitudes of Romanticism were the following: a deepened appreciation of the beauties of nature; a general exaltation of emotion over reason and of the senses over intellect; a turning in upon the self and a heightened examination of human personality and its moods and mental potentialities; a preoccupation with the genius, the hero, and the exceptional figure in general, and a focus on his passions and inner struggles;a new view of the artist as a supremely individual creator, whose creative spirit is more important than strict adherence to formal rules and traditional procedures; an emphasis upon imagination as a gateway to transcendent experience and spiritual truth; an obsessive interest in folk culture, national and ethnic cultural origins, and the medieval era; and a predilection for the exotic, the remote, the mysterious, the weird, the occult, the monstrous, the diseased, and even the satanic.Ⅳ. Main writer and masterpieceⅰ.Washington Irving(1783-1851)He was the Father of American Imaginative Literature; the Father of American Short Stories. He was the first great prose stylist of American romanticism familiar style.The apparent ease of his writing is not simply that of the gifted amateur; it results from his purposeful identification of his whole personality with what he wrote. He was urbane and worldly, yet humorous and gentle, his great and graceful style combine with American roots shaped his independent literary personality. He was the first great belletrist, writing always for pleasure, and to produce pleasure. In 1819-1820 ,his Sketch Book appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature to write good history and biography as literary entertainment. The most story of his Sketch Book is The Legend of Sleep Hollow and Rip Van Winkle. He introduced the familiar essay to America. His best-known stories awakened an interest in the life of American regions. In 1819, A History of New York by Diedrich Knickerbocker a rollicking burlesque of a current serious history of the early Dutch settlers, has become a classic of humor.Bracebridge Hall followed in 1822;then he first went to Germany in pursuit of an interest in German romanticism, which flavored the Tales of Traveller(1824), in Paris he with John Howard Payne wrote the brilliant social comedy Charles the Second or The Merry Monarch. A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus(1828); A Chronicle of the Conquest of Grandada(1829); Voyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus(1831) ; a famous volume of stories and sketches—The Alhambra(1832) and Legends of the Conquest of Spain (1835) and so on.ⅱ. James Fenimore Cooper(1789-1851)He was the first important American novelist began his literary career on a dare. In 1821,The Spy was successful, it was a rousing tale about espionage against the British during the Revolutionary War .Cooper launched two kinds of immensely popular stories: the sea adventure tale, and the frontier saga. The Pilot is the best of his many sea romances(1824). He wrote the first official history of the U.S. Navy in 1839. His frontier stories Leather Stocking T ales including five novels: The Deerslayer; The Last of the Mohicans, The Pathfinder, The Pioneers, The Prairie. Allan Nevins calls these five novels the nearest approach yet to an American epic. with a vast group of supporting characters, virtuous or villainous, Cooper made the American conscious of his past, and made the European conscious of American. And the Textbooks works is The Last of The Mohicans.ⅲ.Edgar Allan Poe(1809-1849)Poe was born in Boston. He was the Father of Modern Short Stories; the Father of Detective Story; and the Father of Psychoanalytic Critism. He was the jingle man. He won a contest with his story “Ms. Found in a Bottle” .Then he got a job as editor with the Southern Literary Messenger in 1833. He showed his true talents as an editor, a poet, a literary critic, and a writer of fiction. And he also issued The Fall of the House of Usher. In 1840, His first collection of short stories Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque. The Raven was published as the title poem of a collection in 1845. In Europe, he was hailed as a pioneer in poetic and fictional techniques. His influence was especially strong on many French writers. The most famous works were To Helen; The Rav en; Annabel Lee; The Fall of the House of Usher. ⅳ. Ralph Waldo Emerson(1803-1882)He was responsible for bringing Transcendentalism to New England and was recognized throughout his life as the leader of the movement. He believed above all in individualism, independence of mind and self-reliance. He admired courage, he was not afraid of changing or clashing ideas. Like many original minds, he was often several jumps ahead of what his followers thought was his position or philosophy. He was one of the most influential American thinkers, yet he had no elaborate, formal system of thought and he never attempted to create one. Emerson believed above all in individualism, independence of mind, and self-reliance. In 1836,he issued the first book Nature , which met with a mild reception. However , two speeches in the next two years, The American Scholar and The Divinity School Address ,made him famous. Many of his lectures were later distilled into his famous Essays. Among his most important works are Representative Men (1850)and English Traits (1856).His Poem appeared in 1847. In his day, Emerson’s poems were criticized for their lack of form and polish. In recent years, hover, his poetry has received high praise.His harsh rhythms and striking images appeal to many modern readers as artful techniques. His prose style is sometimes as highly individual as his poetry. Many of his essays were put together from his journal entries, speeches, and random notes, and they are often somewhat disorganized. Yet his skill in polishing each sentence into a striking thought makes his writing memorable. One of his great statements was in The American Scholar. That title is now carried by one of the finest magazines in American. Oliver Wendell Holmes called the speech “our intellectua l Declaration of Independence”. He is the world ’s eye. He is the world’s heart.ⅴ. Henry David Thoreau(1817-1862)He was Emerson’s truest disciple, who put into practice many of Emerson’s theories. Walden, the superb book came out of his two-year’s reside nce at Walden Pond. He explained many of the beliefs that led him to try this kind of life. He thought it better for a man to work one day a week and the rest of the week could be devoted to thought. For Thoreau, as for Emerson, self-reliance and independence of mind ranked above all each should find out his own way of living. In 1849, From his experience in jail came his famous essay” Civil Disobedience”, which stated Thoreau’s belief that no man should violate his conscience at the command of a government. His famous book is Walden Where I Lived, and What I Lived For.ⅵ. Nathaniel Hawthorne(1804-1864)The House of the Seven Gables deals with the effects of a curse, and though the tale itself is fiction, the germ of the story sprang from the author’s family history. Hawthorne gathered his material by observing and listening to others whose talk was filled with New England Lore, legend, and superstition. His famous book is The Scarlet Letter.Hawthorne’s unique gift was for the creation of strongly symbolic s tories which touch the deepest roots of man’s moral nature. The finest example is the recreation of Puritan Boston, “The Scarlet Letter”. In this novel each word, image, and event works toward a single effect. It is a complex story of guilt, its effects upon various persons, and how deliverance is obtained for some of them. His ability to create vivid and symbolic images that embody great moral questions appear strongly in his short stories. It was Hawthorne’s ability to make a story exist in its own right but at the same time appear as a moral symbol.Hawthorne shares with Edgar Allan Poe the distinction of advancing the art of the short story, giving to the form qualities that are uniquely American. To Hawthorne and Melville, however, the telling of a tale was a way of inquiring into the meaning of life. His stories also have The Blithedale Romance(1852); splendid stories called Mosses from an Old Manse(1846); The Marble Faun(1860)ⅶ. Herman Melville(1819-1891)Moby Dick, a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale. The book is steeped in symbolism, another strong appeal to readers of his century. In 1846, Typee became known as the “man who lived among cannibals”. The book was basically factual but was no dou bt elaborated somewhat and built up from Melville’s reading as well as his experience. Equally successful was a sequel, Omoo(1847),about his adventures on Tahiti and other island. Later Melville based Bedburn(1849) on his first voyage to England, and White-Jacket(1850) on his brief career in the navy. He drew upon his naval experience again for Billy Budd(1891).He has two other philosophical novels Mardi, Pierre. two celebrated short novels Benito Cereno and Billy Budd. The story uses a ship as symbol of society and searchingly examines the problems of good and evil. Ahab’s ship was like a world inminiature with characters from all walks of life.ⅷ. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow(1807-1882)Longfellow was born in Portland, Maine, on February 27,1807 and died on March 24,1882 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the most beloved American poet of his time. His main books are Longfellow’s first collection of poems entitled Voices of the Night(1838); Hyperion” the prose romance(1839) ;Ballads and other Poems(1841); Poems on Slavery(1842); Evangeline(1847); Song of Hiawath(1855); The Courtship of Miles Standish(1858)After his death, he became the only American to be honored with a bust in the Poet’s corner of Westminster Abbey. The gentleness, sweetness, and purity for which his poetry was popular during his lifetime.Ⅴ.SummaryFrom the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of he Civil War. It started with the publication of Washington Irving’s The Sketch Book and ended with Whitman’s Leaves of Grass. It is also called “the American Renaissance”. The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature. The American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values. Besides, a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of original sin and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne，Melville and a host of lesser writers. The most clearly defined Romantic literary movement in this period is New England Transcendentalism. This Transcendentalist group includes two of the most significant writers America has produced so far， Emerson and his young friend, Henry David Thoreau, whose writing has a strong impact on American literature. Basically, Transcendentalism has been defined philoso phically as “the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses.” Emerson once proclaimed in a speech, “Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of you own mind.” Other concepts that accompanied Transcendentalism include the idea that nature is ennobling and the idea that the individual isdivine and, therefore, self-reliant. It ranges from the comic fables of Washington Irving to the Gothic tales of Edgar Allen Poe, from the frontier adventures of James Fenimore Cooper to the narrative quests of Herman Melville, from the psychological romances of Nathaniel Hawthorne to the social realism of Rebecca Harding.American romantic literature by western romantic literature influence.19 century, the rapid development of American capitalism, the national consciousness and patriotic enthusiasm, to get rid of the English literature of bondage, pay attention to the human spirit and the pursuit of freedom to create a fill transcendence, thus the romantic literature began to flourish.Bibliography:1. 王长荣. 《现代美国小说史》.上海：外语教育出版社，1992.2. 邵锦娣，白劲鹏. An Introduction to Literature. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，20013. 隋刚.《美国文学旧作新读》. 北京：外文出版社，1998.。

文学文化英文作文

文学文化英文作文英文：Literature and culture are two intertwined conceptsthat have a significant impact on our lives. Literature is a form of art that expresses the human experience through language, while culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a society.Literature plays a crucial role in shaping culture. It reflects and critiques the values and beliefs of a society, and it can also challenge and change them. For example, the works of Shakespeare have had a profound impact on English culture and language. His plays have become a cornerstone of English literature, and his language has influenced the way we speak and write today.On the other hand, culture also influences literature. The cultural context in which a work is produced can shapeits content and style. For instance, the works of Toni Morrison, a prominent African American writer, are deeply rooted in the African American experience and culture. Her novels explore issues such as race, identity, and history, and they are written in a style that reflects the rhythms and cadences of African American speech.中文：文学和文化是两个紧密相连的概念，对我们的生活有着重要的影响。

美国文学论文选题_美国文学相关论文发表

美国文学论文选题_美国文学相关论文发表美国文学相关论文发表篇1简述美国自然文学美国自然文学作为一个文学流派，虽然在传统上受到了欧洲浪漫主义的影响，但是，它产生于“新大陆”文明的美国，便自然有着其他任何一个国家所不可能有的特性。

美国的自然文学是源于17世纪，奠基于19世纪，形成于当代的一种别具美国本土特色的文学流派。

自然文学人与自然关系生态意识一、美国自然文学的概念美国自然文学的意义在于它的创新。

在西方文明的传统中，人们总是倾向于把精神与物质、自我与环境、人与自然分隔开来，区别对待。

而美国自然文学的发展动力则是要将精神与物质、自我与环境、人与自然融为一体。

它由最初纯粹的自然史，到将文学揉进自然史;由早期的以探索自然与个人的思想行为为主的自然散记，到当代主张人类与自然共生存的自然文学。

我们可以说，从美国自然文学的发展趋势中，我们看到了人类文明的进化过程。

二、美国自然文学的发展自然文学作为一个概念产生于现代，可它却是在一个相当漫长的历史过程中形成的，并有其历史渊源。

17世纪的约翰・史密斯的《新英格兰记》和威廉・布雷德福德的《普利茅斯开发史》都是以描述性的散文体写就，其语言清新简朴，充满了生机与活力，为日后的自然文学独特的文体奠定了基础。

亨利・大卫・梭罗的《瓦尔登湖》曾于1985年在《美国遗产》杂志上所列的“十本构成美国人性格的书”中位居榜首。

他被视为美国文化的偶像，美国最有影响力的自然作家。

他的精神被视为美国文化的遗产。

而《瓦尔登湖》也成为众多梭罗追随者向往圣地和效仿的原型。

人们通常把梭罗视为爱默生的“圣徒”。

从二者在自然文学中的作用而言，他们有着相似的灵魂。

从现代的眼光看，梭罗在美国自然文学中所起的作用似乎比爱默生更胜一筹。

梭罗不仅把爱默生的理论付诸实践，而且比爱默生超前一步。

他预见到工业文明与自然之间的矛盾，提出了“只有在荒野中才能保护这个世界”的观点。

从广度上，20世纪的自然文学已经不再局限于美国的东海岸，而是覆盖了几乎整个美国本土。

美国文学与文化

美国文学简史殖民地时期印第安人的文化欧洲人发现新大陆的时候，北美洲的土著居民印第安人处于原始公社制度各种不同的阶段。

印第安人在向大自然的斗争中创造了自己的文化，主要是民间口头创作，包括神话传说和英雄传说。

由于他们没有文字，这些传说后来才得以整理问世，启发了后世美国作家的灵感。

早期移民的文化移民刚到新大陆时忙于生存斗争，所以开始时文学发展比较缓慢。

最早发表的关于北美的作品是游记、日记之类的文字。

作者都是英国人。

英国殖民地建立之后，统治者利用宗教，主要是清教主义作为控制殖民地思想意识的主要手段，因此许多出版物是关于神学的研究。

著名的作家有科顿·马瑟(1663-1728)和乔纳森。

爱德华兹(1703-1758)等。

随着工业、贸易和民族意识的增涨，宗教自由的呼声提高，请教主义的神权统治走向衰亡，为人本主义与自由民主等民族独立的意识所代替。

诊歌创作北美出版的第一部诗集《海湾圣诗》是以民歌形式写成的圣诗。

迈克尔·威格尔斯沃思的诗全是解释加尔文教的教义，成了宗教性的普及读物。

女诗人安妮·布拉兹特里特写的也是宗教生活，不过多少以世俗的笔调抒写妇女的心情。

生前只发表过挽诗的牧师爱德华·泰勒反映了严格的清教主义的衰落。

在这些诗人身上，英国的影响也是明显的，布拉兹特里特得益于斯宾塞，泰勒的诗里看得出约翰·多思和乔治·赫伯特的影响。

独立革命至南北战争时期美国民族文学形成于独立革命时期。

这场斗争产生大量的革命诗歌，并且造就了美国头一批重要的散文家和诗人。

政治上的独立促进文化上的独立。

战争结束之后，美国作家的作品陆续增多，逐渐摆脱英国文学的垄断局面。

年轻的民主共和国使人们满怀信心，并吸引着旧世界更多的人们奔向新的大陆。

这样的社会条件促使19世纪上半叶的文学创作具有浪漫主义的色彩。

作家们吸取欧洲浪漫派文学的精神，对美国的历史、传说和现实生活进行描绘，美利坚民族内容逐渐丰富和充实起来。

美国文化论文

The reflection of American values in the business When it comes to the United States, it is inevitable for us to think of its business. Indeed, America is a powerful economic country. And nearly everyone in America is very attached to material things. When Americans evaluate a person's achievements, they often pay attention to how much material wealth he has. And they usually use it to to judge judge judge whether whether whether a a a person person person is is is successful. successful. successful. But But But in in in addition, addition, addition, most most most Americans Americans Americans do do do have have other other values values values and and and ideals. ideals. ideals. As As As might might might be be be expected, expected, expected, business business business in in in the the the United United United States States States also also reflects the nation's basic values, especially the ideals of equality of competition and opportunity, material wealth and hard working. Equality of competition and opportunity make the business is business Just asthe statement by President Calvin Coolidge in the 1920s, “The business of America is business,”which is points an important truth that business institutions are at at the the the heart heart heart of of of the the the American American American way way way of of of life. life. life. Americans Americans Americans believe believe believe that that that people people people who who who are are recognized recognized in in in the the the world world world by by by their their their material material material success, success, success, especially especially especially in in in business. business. business. In In In many many Americans’Americans’ minds, a great development of business is based on the ideal of equality of minds, a great development of business is based on the ideal of equality of competition competition and and and opportunity. opportunity. Furthermore, Furthermore, competition competition competition is is is important important important in in in preserving preserving individual freedom. Competition is seemed as the major source of of progress progress and prosperity by Americans, Americans, and and and competition competition competition in in in business business business is is is also also also believed believed believed to to to strengthen strengthen strengthen the the the ideal ideal ideal of of equality equality of of of opportunity. opportunity. opportunity. Americans Americans Americans usually usually usually compare compare compare business business business competition competition competition to to to a a a race race open to all, where success and status go to the smartest person, regardless of social class class and and and many many many other other other things things things like like like it. it. it. Many Many Many years years years ago, ago, ago, lots lots lots of of of immigrants immigrants immigrants have have traditionally been drawn to America; because they thought that everyone had a chance to succeed here. In fact, most of them had their hopes and dreams come true. When Tocqueville Tocqueville visited visited visited the the the United United United States States States in in in the the the 1830s, 1830s, 1830s, he he he was was was impressed impressed impressed by by by the the the new new conditions of life in American. He wrote, The more I advanced in the study of American society, the more I perceived that …equality of condition is the fundamental fact from which all others seem to be derived. Every American may seek a happy and successful life whether he is rich or poor, as as long long long as as as he he he catches catches catches opportunity opportunity opportunity and and and makes makes makes enough enough enough efforts. efforts. efforts. And And And everyone everyone everyone has has has an an equal equal chance chance chance to to to enter enter enter the the the business business business race race race and and and win. win. win. They They They try try try their their their best best best to to to do do do their their business business better better better in in in order order order to to to be be be successful. successful. successful. Equality Equality Equality of of of competition competition competition and and and opportunity opportunity promotes promotes the the the people people people’’s s aspiration aspiration aspiration of of of success success success and and and makes makes makes the the the American American American business business business be be business. The desire for material promotes the development of business The achievement of material success is probably the most widely respected form of of self-improvement self-improvement self-improvement in in in the the the United United United States. States. States. Many Many Many immigrants immigrants immigrants arrive arrive arrive in in in American American American are are eager for material wealth. For them the dream is that talent and hard working can take you you from from from log log log cabin cabin cabin to to to White White White House. House. House. In In In those those those days, days, days, all all all natural natural natural resources resources resources were were undeveloped, undeveloped, and and and great great great majority of majority of them them came came came to to to America America America without without without anything. anything. anything. They They make make every every every effort effort effort to to to make make make American American American be be be a a a developed developed developed and and and powerful powerful powerful country. country. country. In In In this this case, the business in America is developed quickly, and a large number of successful entrepreneurs appear in front of people at the same time. Because many Americans connect business to the wealth and the traditional values of the United States, entrepreneurs who are successful in business be treated as heroes in America. It can be said that successful entrepreneurs create the United States and its strong strong economy. economy. According According to to to the the the Spectrem Spectrem Spectrem Wealth Wealth Study, an an annual annual annual survey survey survey of of America’s wealth y, there are more people living the good life than ever before —the number number of of of millionaires millionaires millionaires nearly nearly nearly doubled doubled doubled in in in the the the last last last decade. decade. decade. And And And the the the rich rich rich are are are getting getting richer. richer. In In In a a a word, word, word, they they they not not not only only only let let let themselves themselves themselves wealthily wealthily wealthily and and and successfully, successfully, successfully, but but but also also make a great contribution to American economic development. This result shows that the desire for material promotes the development of business in America. The habit of hard working ensures the successAlthough most Americans admire the earning power of entrepreneurs and world probably not want to put a limit on their income, they are less generous in their views of of CEOs. CEOs. CEOs. In In In my my my opinion, opinion, opinion, the the the directly directly directly reason reason reason is is is that that that CEOs CEOs CEOs are are are managing managing managing business business which started by someone else instead of building up from nothing now. And some of them them don don don’’t t working working working hard hard hard any any any more more more but but but always always always get get get high high high income income income even even even by by by improper improper means. People can not see the value of struggle from them. Actually, most American still believe in the value of hard working and think it is the assurance of success. Great deals of famous American people start from scratch to succeed. If they want to be successful in business, they must work hard. Let us see a small story. Twenty years ago, Jeff Harris hardly seemed on the road to wealth. He was a college dropout who struggled to support his wife and three kids, working as a grocery store clerk and at a junkyard where he melted scrap metal alongside convicts. “At times we were so broke broke that that that we we we washed washed washed our our our clothes clothes clothes in in in the the the bathtub bathtub bathtub because because because we we we couldn’t couldn’t couldn’t afford afford afford the the Laundromat.” Laundromat.” But now he is a successful investment advisor and multimillionaire in But now he is a successful investment advisor and multimillionaire in ork, Y ork, South South South Carolina. Carolina. Carolina. “There “There “There were were were lots lots lots of of of struggles,” struggles,” struggles,” says says says Jeff, Jeff, Jeff, “but “but “but what what what got got got me me through it was working hard all the time.”It is easy to find that hard working always ensures the success and makes a person to to be be be respected. respected. respected. Hard Hard Hard working working working has has has been been been both both both necessary necessary necessary and and and rewarding rewarding rewarding for for for most most Americans throughout their history. Because of this, they see material possessions at the natural reward for their hard working. At the other hand, business needs competition, competition, so so so the the the business business business people people people should should should work work work harder harder harder and and and harder harder harder to to to gain gain gain more more opportunities. According to a statistic that American has the shortest holidays all over the world which can be evidence to hard working. Nowadays, hard working has been a habit for Americans and helps Americans be successful. The ideals of equality of competition and opportunity, material material wealth and hard wealth and hard working make the business in America be real business. Every American has the equal chance to have his own business and equal chance to be successful. As the development of the society, American business also has a great of changes. In many ways, the business of America is still business. 。

美国文学毕业论文

美国文学毕业论文美国文学：探索美国社会与人性的镜子导论美国文学作为一种独特的文化现象，以其多样性和独创性而备受瞩目。

其作品不仅仅是文学作品，更是对美国社会与人性的深刻反思。

本文将探讨美国文学的特点、主题以及其对社会和人性的影响。

一、美国文学的特点美国文学的特点在于其多元性和包容性。

美国作为一个移民国家，文学作品中融合了各种不同的文化、种族和背景。

从早期的美洲原住民文学到现代的移民文学，美国文学展现了不同群体的声音和经历。

此外，美国文学还以其独立性和创新性而著称。

美国作家们敢于挑战传统文学规范，追求个人风格和独特的创作方式。

例如，华尔登·桑德森的小说《追风筝的人》以其独特的叙事风格和主题深受读者喜爱。

二、美国文学的主题1. 美国梦美国文学中最为重要和常见的主题之一就是“美国梦”。

这一主题探讨了每个人都可以通过努力和奋斗实现自己的梦想的信念。

弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的《了不起的盖茨比》就是一个典型的例子，通过描绘主人公盖茨比追求美国梦的故事，探讨了现实与幻想之间的冲突。

2. 种族与身份美国文学中经常涉及到种族与身份的问题。

这是因为美国社会的多元性和种族关系的复杂性。

例如，托尼·莫里森的小说《亲爱的》通过讲述一个黑人女孩的成长故事，揭示了种族歧视对个人身份和自我认同的影响。

3. 社会批判美国文学也经常用作对社会问题的批判。

作家们通过揭示社会不公正、阶级差距和权力滥用等问题，引发读者的思考和反思。

乔治·奥威尔的小说《1984》就是一个典型的例子，通过描述一个极权主义社会的恐怖景象，警示人们对权力的警惕。

三、美国文学对社会和人性的影响美国文学作为一面镜子，反映了美国社会和人性的方方面面。

它不仅仅是一种娱乐形式，更是一种思想的启发和社会变革的推动力。

首先，美国文学通过揭示社会问题和不公正，引起公众的关注和讨论。

例如，哈珀·李的小说《杀死一只知更鸟》通过描述一个种族歧视的故事，促使人们反思和改变对待不同种族的态度。

美国文学论文

美国文学论文美国文学是一门丰富多彩的学科，涵盖了从殖民地时期到现代的各种文学作品。

这门学科的研究内容包括但不限于小说、诗歌、戏剧和散文等文学形式。

在殖民地时期，美国文学主要以宗教、探索和殖民为主题。

这些作品强调对新大陆的探索和殖民定居者与原住民之间的冲突。

其中著名的作品包括威廉·布莱德福德的《普利茅斯艘女性纪实》和马丁·洛瑞德·金的《普尔加托里的传奇》。

随着美国的独立，美国文学开始呈现出不同的风格和主题。

浪漫主义成为19世纪美国文学的主导思潮，作家们开始追求个人情感和自然的表达。

鲁道夫·狄克斯、华盛顿·欧文和爱德加·爱伦·坡都是这一时期的重要作家。

20世纪是美国文学的鼎盛时期，许多现代作家的作品至今仍然被广泛研究和阅读。

欧内斯特·海明威、威廉·福克纳和弗兰兹·卡夫卡等作家的作品反映了两次世界大战对人类生活的冲击。

而艾米丽·狄金森、罗伯特·弗罗斯特和T.S.艾略特的诗歌作品被誉为现代诗歌的经典之作。

此外，美国文学还展现了多种文化和身份的交织。

非裔美国文学（如托妮·莫里森的作品）和拉丁裔美国文学（如桑德拉·西斯涅罗斯的作品）代表了美国不同族裔的声音和经历。

从以上简要介绍中可以看出，美国文学的论文课题可以是多种多样的。

文学的主题、风格、文化背景和历史背景都可以成为研究的焦点。

此外，理论研究、文学与社会等方面也是研究的热点。

总之，美国文学的论文研究可以通过对不同时期和不同类型的作品进行深入分析，揭示作品背后的主题和意义。

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