2015年西安理工大学博士秋季考试入学英语考试题型
博士研究生英语考试题型及试卷
博士研究生英语考试题型及试卷2018博士研究生英语考试题型及试卷博士研究生入学考试英语初试内容一般包括听力、词汇、语法、完形填空、阅读理解、语言运用(配伍题)、翻译(英译汉/汉译英/英汉互译)、写作等几个部分，各部分出题方式及题量分值由各招生院校自行确定，以下yjbys店铺列举部分院校试题结构供各位考生参考。
首都师范大学2008年博士研究生入学考试英语试卷Section I Vocabulary Test(20%)Directions：In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences.Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET l with a single line through the centre.1. After the snow storm, the government plans to ______the run-down houses in the rural area as soon as possible.A. reviveB. replaceC. renovateD. remove2. The doctor assured her that the pain would _________in a few days.A. die offB. wear offC. get offD. go off3. The speeding woman’s _______________for some mercy could not change the policeman’s decision to giv e her a fine.A. pleaB. flatteryC. distressD. demonstration4. Owing to lack of money, these experiments must now be _______before the objective has been achieved.A. transferredB. transformedC. terminatedD. testified5. Quite unexpectedly, the young man __________ with success, the problem which had baffled his forerunner.A. tickledB. trickedC. trickledD. tackled6. The Space Age _____ in October l957when the first artificial satellite—was launched by the Soviet Union.A. embarkedB. initialedC. commencedD. originated7. Indoor or roof space antennae do not ___________give satisfactory performance even in strong signal areas.A. faithfulB. invariablyC. voluntarilyD. habitually8. These old houses are in good state of ________ except for the wooden floors.A. preservationB. observationC. compensationD.conservation9. She works bard at her task before she felt sure that the result would ______her long effort.A. verifyB. rectifyC. testifyD. justify10. The country is now undergoing an economic _________in which business activity is greatly reduced and the unemployment rate is high.A. sanctionB. accessionC. flourishD. recession11. The river is already ____its banks because of excessive rainfall and the town is threatened with a likely flood.A. level inB. flat onC. parallel toD. flush with12. Because of his outstanding achievements, the university _____ an honorary degree upon Mr. Adams.A. conferredB. dedicatedC. awardedD. presented13. It is one of the paradox of social intercourse that a ___________is much harder to respond to than an insult.A. complimentB. condemnationC. complementD. complaint14. The shop assistant was straight with his customers. If an article was of _______quality he’d tell them so.A. minerB. inferiorC. awkwardD. humble15. A terrible traffic accident happened;people were saddened when they watched the ______sight on TV.A. periodicB. panicC. patheticD. patriotic16. Even you were not in the mood, you should have known better than to refuse a lady this way. You could have _______her instead.A. deniedB. declinedC. denotedD. denounced17. As the nation attaches excessive importance to football, the triumph or frustration of the national team is most likely to drive many of her nationals ______________.A. overexcitedB. turbulentC. overwhelmedD. hysterical18. On Labor Day the workers will march in __________though the town.A. processB. procedureC. processionD. progress19. Although we had lord them not to keep US waiting, they made no _____to speed up deliveries.A. trialB. actionC. attemptD. progress20. Mr.Moore is one of the most prosperous persons in the town, yet he does take _____at questioning the way he makes money.A. offenceB. rageC. hostilityD. revengeSection II Reading Comprehension(40%)Directions：There are 5 passages ill this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Please choose the best one for each question and mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET l with a single line through the centre.Passage 1An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers Oil the subject have explored this distinction—indeed, contradiction—which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom.An education that aims at getting student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law. It is not simply to raise everyone’s job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather, we havea certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess now his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not always the case. Before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age. It was widely accepted that everyone is fit to be educated. Computer-education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computer-education advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement.There are some good arguments for a technical education given the right kind of student. Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early in order to make sure children are properly equipped for the professions they want to join. It is, however, pre-sumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many business-men, and so many accountants. . Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. Of course, the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, all entirely different story. Basic computer skills take—at the very longest—a couple ofmonths to learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional. It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose.21. The author thinks the present rush to put computers in the classroom is ________________.A. far-reaching B self-contradictoryC. dubiously orientedD. radically reformatory22. The belief that education is indispensable to all children ______________________.A. originated from the optimistic attitude of industrialized countriesB. is deeply rooted in the minds of computer education advocatesC. came into being along with the arrival of computersD. is indicative of a pessimism in disguise23. It could be inferred from the passage that in the author, s country the European model of professional training is __________________________.A. dependent upon the starting age of candidatesB. worth trying in various social sectionsC. attractive to every kind of professionalD. of little practical value24. According to the author, basic computer skill should be ______________________.A. highlighted I acquisition of professional qualification5B. included as an auxiliary course in schoolC. mastered through a lifelong courseD. equally emphasized by any school, vocational or otherwisePassage 2The prevention of illness through exercise and nutrition was a small step from movements like hydreopathy (which advocated the ‘‘natural" healing powers of water), to the idea that flesh air, healthy food, and exercise could be beneficial. The physical fitness movement in America followed the influx of a large number of German immigrants who fled their country due to the 1848 revolution. The movement began there with Fredrich Ludwig Jahn who unified exercise and sport with German history and tradition and saw a connection between mental and physical health. Charle Pollen, Jahn’s student, led the movement in America, organizing the Round Hill School at Harvard, which stressed rigorous mental and physical exercise. In the mid-west the Germans established their first gymnastic institution called the Turnverein in Cincinnati in l848. Later called the Turners, these groups developed nationally and organized outings of picnics, games, gymnastics, and celebrations of German culture.Catherine Beecher promoted physical fitness for women, and felt that corsets (束腹) not only made such exercise impossible, but actually deformed wo men’s bodies, and could even be passed on to future generations and degrade the race. She was also in advocate of improving nutrition and an early opponent of gluttony (暴食), believing condiments on food stimulated the appetite towards excess. Others championed vegetarianism, or saw lack of sunshine as a cause of stomach discomfort. Regardless of their particular inclination, all of the food reformers had a common philosophy: bad eating habits led to social disorder. Like physical fitness proponents, they saw a connection between reshaping the body and reshaping American society to improve the individual and the country.The physical fitness movement declined in the years preceding the Civil War, then revived, as Americans became city dwellers and took sedentary jobs. Advocates promoted "Muscular Christianity," a movement begun in England, which stressed that the best and most moral Christians were those with sound bodies. Indian clubs became a favorite exercise tool with entire books written for club exercises. Team sports became popular after l 865, reflecting America’s growing urbanization. The most popular was baseball, and in l 869 the Cincinnati Red Stockings became the country’s first professional team. By the l 900s, Luther Gulick transformed the Young Men’s Christian Association (VMCA) into the epitome of typical "Muscular Christianity.’’ It became the largest organization of urban gymnasiums and fitness centers in America.25. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that as to the physical fitness movement in the 19th century _____________________.A. hydropathy was popularB. not all groups had a German focus、C. Germans were fitter than AmericansD. Harvard became a leader in America26. It can be inferred from the passage that the Tumverein was ________________.A. successful in the mid-westB. 1imited to GermansC. 1ater named Turners because it was too difficult to pronounceD not popular with many non=Germans because they celebrated German culture27. Why did the physical fitness movement revive after theCivil War?A. Because people returned to their usual occupationsB. Because ‘‘Muscular Christianity" became popular.C. Because of urbanization.D. Because of physical injuries caused by the war.28. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The prevention of illness through exercise and nutrition.B. The German and Christian influences on nutrition and physical fitness.C. Development of the physical fitness movement.D. The nutrition and physical fitness movements.Passage 3An industrial society, especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essential services, for instance, electricity supply, water, rail and road transport, the harbours. The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish, hospital and ambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computer and information services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate, the whole economic system is in danger.It is this economic interdependency of the economic system that makes the power of trade unions such an important issue. Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many countries’ economic blood supply. This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries, in part because the labour force is highly organized. About 55 percent of British workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in the United States. For historical reasons, Britain’s unions have tended to develop along trade and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industry basis, which makes a wages policy, democracy inindustry and the improvement of procedures for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve.There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement, some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure. Some unions have lost many members because of their industrial changes. Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions, which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feeling between unions. In traditional trades which are being pushed out of existence by advancing technologies, unions can fight for their members’ disappointing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union members are threatened or destroyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on to their traditional highly-paid jobs.Trade unions Nave problems of internal communication just as managers in companies do, problems which multiply in very large unions or in those which bring workers in very different industries together into a single general union Some trade union officials have to be reelected regularly; others are elected, or even appointed for life: Trade union officials have to work with a system of "shop stewards" in many unions, "shop stewards" being workers’ elected by other workers as their representatives at factory or works level.下载文档。
2015博士研究生入学考试英语试题
昆明理工大学2015年博士研究生招生考试试题A
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2015年全国医学博士入学统一考试英语真题及答案解析
2015年全国医学博士入学统一考试英语真题及答案解析Part I: Listening comprehension(略)Part II: Vocabulary(10%)Section ADirection: In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four word or phrases marked A,B,C and D are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word the word or phrase that best completes the sentence, then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31. Despite his doctor’s note of caution, he never____from dring and smorking.A. retainedB. dissuadedC. alleviatedD. abstained32. people with a history of recurrent infections are warned that the use of personal stereos with headsets is likely to____their hearing.A. rehabilitateB. jeopardizeC. tranquilizeD. supplement33. impartial observers had to acknowledge that lack of formal education did not seem to____larry in any way in his success.A. refuteB. ratifyC. facilitateD. impede34. when the supporting finds were reduced, they should have revised their plan______.A. accordinglyB. alternativelyC. considerablyD. relatively35. it is increasingly believed among the expectant parents that prenatal education of classical music can_____ future adults with appreciation of music.A. acquaintB. familiarizedC. endowD. amuse36. if the gain of profit is solely due to rising energy prices, then inflation should be subsided when energy prices_____A. level outB. stand outC. come offD. wear off37. heat stroke is a medical emergency that demands immediate_____ from qualified medical personnel.A. prescriptionB. palpationC. interventionD. interposition38. asbestos exposure results in Mesothelioma, asbestosis and internal organ cancers, and_____ of these diseases is often decades after the initial exposure.A. offsetB. intakeC. outletD. onset39. ebola, which spreads through body fluid or secretions such as urine,______ and semen, can kill up to 90% of those infected.A. salineB. salivaC. scabiesD. scrabs40. the newly designed system is ____ to genetic transfections, and enables an incubation period for studying various genes.A. comparableB. transmissibleC. translatableD. amenable Section BDirections: each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it issubstituted for the underlined part. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.41. every year more than 1000 patients in Britain die on transplant waiting lists, prompting scientists to consider other ways to produce organs.A. propellingB. prolongingC. puzzlingD. promising42. improved treatment has changed the outlook of HIV patients, but there is still a serious stigma attached to AIDS.A. disgraceB. discriminationC. harassmentD. segregation43. surviviors of the shipwreck were finally rescued after their courage of persistence lowered to zero by their physical lassitude.A. depletionB. dehydrationC. exhaustionD. handicap44. scientists have invented a 3D scan technology to read the otherwise illegible wood-carved stone, a method that may apply to other areas such as medicine.A. negativeB. confusingC. eloquentD. indistinct45. top athletes scrutinize both success and failure with their coach to extract lessons from them, but they are never distracted from long-term goals.A. anticipateB. clarifyC. examineD. verify46. his imperative tone of voice reveals his arrogance and arbitrariness.A. challengingB. solemnC. hostileD. demanding47. the discussion on the economic collaboration between the United States and the European Union may be eclipsed by the recent growing trade friction.A. erasedB. triggeredC. shadowedD. suspended48. faster increases in prices foster the belief that the future increases will be also stronger, so that higher prices fuel demand rather than quench it.A. nurtureB. eliminateC. assimilateD. puncture49. some recent developments in photography allow animals to be studied in previously inaccessible places and in unprecedented detail.A. unpredictableB. unconventionalC. unparalleledD. unexpected50. a veteran negotiation specialist should be skillful at manipulating touchy situation.A. estimatingB. handlingC. rectifyingD. anticipatingPart III Cloze(10%)Direction: in this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.A mother who is suffering from cancer can pass on the disease to her unborn child in extremely rare cases 51 a new case report published in PNAS this week.According to researchers in Japan and at the Institute for Cancer Research in Sutton, UK, a Japanese mother had been diagnosed with leukemia a few weeks after giving birth 52 tumors were discovered in her daughter’s cheek and lung when she was 11 months old. Genetic analysis showed that the baby’s cancer cells had the same mutation as the cancer cellsof the mother. But the cancer cells contained no DNA whatsoever from the father 53 would be expected if she had inherited the cancer from conception. That suggests the cancer cell made it into the unborn child’s body across the placental barrier.The Guardian claimed this to be the fires 54 case of cells crossing the placental barrier. But this is not the case----microchimerism 55 cells are exchanged between a mother and her unborn child, is thought to be quite common, with some cells thought to pass from fetus to mother in about 50 to 70 percent of cases and to go the other way about half,56.As the BBC pointed out, the greater 57 in cancer transmission from mother to fetus had been how cancer cells that have slipped through the placental barrier could survive in the fetus without being killed by its immune system. The answer, in this case at least, lies in a second mutation of the cancer cells, which led to the 58 of the specific features that would have allowed the fetal immune system to detect the cells as foreign. As a result, no attack against the invaders was launched.59, according to the researchers there is little reason for concern of “cancer danger”. Only 17 probable cases have been reported worldwide and the combined 60 of cancer cells both passing the placental barrier and having the right mutation to evade the baby’s immune system is extremely low.51. A. suggests B. suggesting C. having suggested D. suggested52. A. since B. although C. whereas D. when53. A. what B. whom C. who D. as54. A. predicted B. notorious C. proven D. detailed55. A. where B. when C. if D. whatever56. A. as many B. as much C. as well D. as often57. A. threat B. puzzle C. obstacle D. dilemma58. A. detection B. deletion C. amplification D. addition59. A. therefore B. furthermore C. nevertheless D. conclusively60. A. likelihood B. function C. influence D. flexibilityPart IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Directions: in this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneThe American Society of Clinical Oncology wrapped its annual conference this week, going through the usual motions of presenting a lot of drugs that offer some added quality or extension of life to those suffering from a variety of as-yet incurable diseases. But buried deep in an AP story are a couple of promising headlines that seems worthy of more thorough review, including one treatment study where 100 percent of patients saw their cancer diminish byhalf.First of all, it seems pharmaceutical companies are moving away from the main cost-effective one-size-first-all approach to drug development and embracing the long cancer treatments, engineering drugs that only work for a small percentage of patients but work very effectively within that group.Pfizer announced that one such drug it’s pushing into late-stage testing is target for 4% of lung cancer patients. But more than 90% of that tiny cohort responded to the drug initial tests, and 9 out of ten is getting pretty close to the ideal ten out of ten. By gearing toward more boutique treatments rather than broad umbrella pharmaceuticals that try to fit for everyone it seems cancer researchers are making some headway. But how can we close the gap on that remaining ten percent?Ask Takeda Pharmaceutical and Celgene, two drug makers who put aside competitive interests to test a novel combination of their treatments. In a test of 66 patients with the blood disease multiple myeloma, a full 100 percent response to a cancer drug(or in this case a drug cocktail) is more or less unheard of. Moreover, this combination never would’ve been two competing companies hadn’t sat down and put their heads together.Are there more potentially effective drug combos out there separated by competitive interest and proprietary information? Who’s to say, but it seems like with the amount of money and research being pumped into cancer drug development, the outcome pretty good. And if researchers can start pushing more of their response numbers toward 100 percent, we can more easily start talking about oncology’s favorite four-letter word: cure.61. which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Competition and CooperationB.Two Competing Pharmaceutical CompaniesC. The promising Future of PharmaceuticalsD. Encouraging News: a 100% Response to a Cancer Drug62. in cancer drug development, according to the passage, the pharmaceuticals now ____A. are adopting the cost-effective one-size-fits-all approachB. are moving towards individualized and targeted treatmentsC. are investing the lion’s shares of their moneyD. care only about their profits63. from the encouraging advance by the two companies, we can infer that____A. the development can be ascribed to their joint efforts and collaborationB. it was their competition that resulted in the accomplishmentC. other pharmaceuticals will join them in the researchD. the future cancer treatment can be nothing but cocktail therapy64. from the last paragraph it can be inferred that the answer to the question___A. is nowhere to be foundB. can drive one crazyC. can be multipleD. is conditional65. the tone of the author of this passage seems to be_____A. neutralB. criticalC. negativeD. potimistPassage TwoLiver disease is the 12th leading cause of death in the US, chiefly because once it’s determined that a patient needs a new liver it’s difficult to get one. Even in case where a suitable donor match is found, there’s guarantee a transplant will be successful. But researchers Massachusetts General Hospital have taken a huge step toward building functioning livers in the lab, successfully transplanting culture-grown livers into rats.The livers aren’t grown from scratch, but rather within the infrastructure of a donor liver. The liver cells in the donor organ are washed out with a detergent that gently strips away the liver cells, leaving behind a biological scaffold of proteins and extracellular architecture that is very hard to duplicate synthetically.With all of that complicated infrastructure already in place, the researchers then seeded the scaffold(支架) with liver cells isolated from health livers, as well as some special endothelial cells to line the bold vessels. Once repopulated with healthy cells, these livers lived in culture for 10 days.The team also translated some two-day-old recellularized livers back into rats, where they continued to thrive for eight hours while connected into the rat’s vascular systems. However, the current method isn’t perfect and can not seem to repopulate the blood vessels quite densely enough and the transplanted livers can’t keep functioning for more than about 24 hours(hence the eight-hour maximum for the rat thansplant).But the initial successes are promising, and the team thinks they can overcome the blood vessel problem and get fully functioning livers into rats within two years. It still might be a decade before the tech hits the clinic, but if nothing goes horribly wrong—and especially if stem-cell research established a reliable way to create health liver cells from the every patients who need transplants-lab-generated livers that are perfect matches for their recipients could become a reality.66. it can be inferred from the passage that the animal model was mainly intended to____A. investigate the possibility of growing blood vessels in the labB. explore the unknown functions of the human liverC. reduce the incidence of liver disease in the US.D. address the source of liver transplants67. what does the author mean when he says that the livers aren’t grown from scratch?A. the making of a biological scaffold of proteins and extracellular architectureB. a huge step toward building functioning livers in the labC. the building of the infrastructure of a donor liverD. growing liver cells in the donor organ68. the biological scaffold was not put into the culture in the lab until____A. duplicated syntheticallyB. isolated from the healthy liverC. repopulated with the healthy cellsD. the addition of some man-made blood vessels69. what seems to be the problem in the planted liver?A. the rats as wrong recipientsB. the time point of the transplantationC. the short period of the recellularizationD. the insufficient repopulation of the blood vessels70. the research team holds high hopes of_____A. creating lab-generated livers for patients within two yearsB. the timetable for generating human livers in the labC. stem-cell research as the future of medicineD. building a fully functioning liver into ratsPassage ThreePatients whose eyes have suffered heat or chemical bums typically experience severe damage to the cornea—the thin, transparent front of the eye that refracts light and contributes most of the eye’s focusing ability. In a long-term study, Italian researchers use stem cells taken from the limbus, the border between the cornea and the white of the eye, to cultivate a graft of healthy cells in a lab to help restore vision in eyes. During the 10-years study, the researchers implanted the healthy stem cells into the damaged cornea in 113 eyes of 112 patients. The treatment was fully successful in more than 75 percent of the patients, and partially successful in 13 percent. Moreover, the restored vision remained stable over 10 years. Success was defined as an absence of all symptoms and permanent restoration of the cornea.Treatment outcome was initially assessed at one year, with up to 10 years of follow-up evaluations. The procedure was even successful on several patients whose bum injuries had occurred years earlier and who had already undergone surgery.Current treatment for burned eyes involves taking stem cells from a patient’s healthy eye, or from the eyes of another person, and transferring them to the burned eye. The new procedure, however, stimulates the limbal stem cells from the patient’s own eye to reproduce in a lab culture. Several types of treatments using stem cells have proven successful in restoring blindness, but the long-term effectiveness shown here is significant. The treatment is only for blindness caused by damage to the cornea; it is not effective for repairing damaged retinas or optic nerves.Chemical eye burns often occur in the workplace, but can also happen due to mishaps involving household cleaning products and automobile batteries.The result of the study, based at Italy’s University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, were published in the June 23 online issue of the New England Journalof Medicine.71. what is the main idea of this passage?A. stem cells can help restore vision in the eyes blinded by bums.B. the vision in the eyes blinded by bums for 10 years can be restoredC. the restored vision of the burned eyes treated with stem cells can last for10 yearsD. the burned eyes can only be treated with stem cells from other healthy persons72. the Italian technique reported in this passage_____A. can repair damaged retinasB. is able to treat damaged optic nervesC. is especially effective for burn injuries in the eyes already treated surgicallyD. shows a long-term effectiveness for blindness in vision caused by damage to cornea73. which of the following is NOT mentioned about eye bums?A. the places in which people workB. the accidents that involve using household cleaning productsC. the mishaps that involved vehicles batteriesD. the disasters caused by battery explosion at home74. what is one of the requirements for the current approach?A. the stem cells taken from a healthy eyeB. the patient physically healthyC. the damaged eye with partial visionD. the blindness due to damaged optic nerves75. which of the following words can best describe the author’s attitude towards the new method?A. sarcasticB. indifferentC. criticalD. positivePassage FourHere is a charming statistic: divide the us by race, sex and county of residence, and differences in average life expectancy across the various groups can exceed 30 years. The most disadvantaged look like denizens of a poor African country: a boy born on a Native American reservation in Jackson County, South Dakota, for example, will be lucky to reach his 60th birthday, a typical child in Senegal can expect to live longer than that.America is not alone in this respect. While the picture is extreme in other rich nations, health inequalities based on race, sex and class exist in most societies—and are only party explained by access to healthcare.But fresh insights and solutions may soon be at hand. An innovative project in Chicago to unite sociology and biology is blazing the trail(开创), after discovering that social isolation and fear of crime can help to explain the alarmingly high death rate from breast cancer among the city’s black women. Living in these conditions seems to make tumors more aggressive by changing gene activity, so that cancer cells can use nutrients more effectively.We are already familiar with the lethal effect of stress on people clinging to the bottom rungs of the societal ladder, thanks to pioneering studies of British civil servants conducted by Michael Marmot of University College London. What’s exciting about the Chicago project is that it both probes the mechanisms involved in a specific disease and suggests precise remedies that it both probes the mechanisms invlilved in a specific disease and suggests precise remedies. There are drugs that may stave tumors of nutrients and community coordinators could be employed to help reduce social isolation. Encouraged by the US National Institutes of Health , similar projects are springing up to study other pockets of poor health, in populations ranging from urban black men to while poor women in rural Appalachia.To realize the full potential of such projects, biologists and sociologists will have to start treating one other with a new respect and learn how to collaborate outside their comfort zones. Too many biomedical researchers still take the arrogant view that sociology is a “soft science” with little that’s serious to say about health. And too many sociologists reject any biological angle—fearing that their expertise will be swept aside and that this approach will be used to bolster discredited theories of eugenics, or crude race-based medicine.It’s time to drop these outdated attitudes and work together for the good of society’s most deprived members. More important, it’s time to use this fusion of biology and sociology to inform public policy. This endeavor has huge implications, not least in cutting the wide health gaps between blacks and whites, rich and poor.76. as shown in the 1st paragraph, the shaming statistic reflects______.A. injustice everywhereB. racial discriminationC. a growing life spanD. health inequalities77. which of the following can have a negative impact on health according to the Chicago-based project?A. where to liveB. which race to belong toC. how to adjust environmentallyD. what medical problem to suffer78. the Chicago-based project focuses its management on_____A. a particular medical problem and its related social issueB. racial discrimination and its related social problemsC. the social ladder and its related medical conditionsD. a specific disease and its medical treatment79. which of the following can most probably neglected by sociologists?A. the racial perspectiveB. the environmental aspectC. the biological dimensionD. the psychological angel80. the author is a big fan of______A. the combination of a traditional and new way of thinking in promoting healthB. the integration of biologists and sociologists to reduce health inequalitiesC. the mutual understanding and respect between racesD. public education and health promotionPassage FiveAmerican researchers are working on three antibodies that many mark a new step on the path toward an HIV vaccine, according to a report published online Thursday, July 8,2010, in the journal Science.One of the antibodies suppresses 91 percent of HIV strains, more than any AIDS antibody ever discovered, according to a report on the findings published in the Wall Street Journal. The antibodies were discovered in the cells of a 60-year-old African-American gay man whose body produced them naturally. One antibody in particular is substantially different from its precursors, the Science study says.The antibodies could be tried as a treatment for people already infected with HIV, the WSJ reports. At the very least, they might boost the efficacy of current antiretroviral drugs.It is welcome news for the 33 million people the United Nations estimated were living with AIDS at the end of 2008.The WSJ outlines the painstaking method the team used to find the antibody amid the cells of the African—American man, known as Donor 45. First they designed a probe that looks just like a spot on a particular molecule on the cells that HIV infects. They used the probe to attract only the antibodies that efficiently attack that spot. They screened 25 million of Donor 45’s cell to find just 12 cells that produced the antibodies.Scientists have already discovered plenty of antibodies that either don’t work at all or only work on a couple of HIV strains. Last year marked the first time that researchers found ”broadly neutralizing antibodies”, which knock out many HIV strains. But none of those antibodies neutralized more than about 40 percent of them, the WSJ says. The newest antibody, at 91 percent neutralization , is a marked improvement.Still, more work needs to be done to ensure the antibodies would activate the immune system to produce natural defenses against AIDS, the study authors say. They suggest there test methods that blend the three new antibodies together—in raw form to prevent transmission of the virus, such as from mother to child; in a microbicide gel that women or gay men could use before sex to prevent infection; or as a treatment for HIV/AIDS, combined with antiretroviral drug.If the scientists can find the right way to stimulate production of the antibodies, they think most people could produce then, the WSJ says.81. we can learn from the beginning of the passage that_______A. a newly discovered antibody defeats 91% of the HIV strainsB. a new antiretroviral drug has just come on the marketC. American researchers have developed a new vaccine for HIVD. the African—American gay man was cured of this HIV infection82. what is the implication of the antibodies discovered in the cells of the African—American gay man?A. they can cure the 33 million AIDS patients in the worldB. they may strengthen the effects of the existing antiretroviral drugsC. they will kill all the HIV virusesD. they will help make a quick diagnosis of an HIV infection83. the newest antibody found in Donor 45 reflects a dramatic advance in terms of_____.A. pathologyB. pharmacologyC. HIV neutralizationD. HIV epidemiology84. according to the study authors, the three test methods are intended to____.A. advance the technology in condom production to prevent HIV infectionB. facilitate the natural immune defense against AIDSC. develop more effective antiretroviral drugs85. the passage is most likely_____.A. a news reportB. a paper in ScienceC. an excerpt from an Immunology TextbookD. an episode in a science fiction novel.Passage SixWhitening the world's roofs would offset the emissions of the world's cars for 20 years, according to a new study from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.Overall, installing lighter-colored roofs and pavement can cancel the heat effect of two years of global carbon dioxide emissions, Berkeley Lab says. It's the first roof-cooling study to use a global model to examine the issue.Lightening-up roofs and pavement can offset 57 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide, about double the amount the world emitted in 2006, the study found. It was published in the journalEnvironmental Research Letters.Researchers used a conservative estimate of increased albedo, or solar reflection, suggesting that purely white roofs would be even better. They increased the albedo of all roofs by 0.25 and pavement by 0.15. That means a black roof, which has an albedo of zero, would only need to be replaced by a roof of a cooler color -- which might be more feasible to implement than a snowy white roof, Berkeley Lab says.The researchers extrapolated a roof's CO2 offset over its average lifespan. If all roofs were converted to white or cool colors, they would offset about 24 gigatons (24 billion metric tons) of CO2, but only once. But assuming roofs last about 20 years, the researchers came up with 1.2 gigatons per year. That equates to offsetting the emissions of roughly 300 million cars, all the cars in the world, for 20 years.Pavement and roofs cover 50 to 65 percent of urban areas, and cause a heat-island effect because they absorb so much heat. That's why cities aresignificantly warmer than their surrounding rural areas. This effect makes it harder -- and therefore more expensive -- to keep buildings cool in the summer. Winds also move the heat into the atmosphere, causing a regional warming effect.Energy Secretary Steven Chu, a Nobel laureate in physics (and former Berkeley Lab director), has advocated white roofs for years. He put his words into action Monday by directing all Energy Department offices to install white roofs. All newly installed roofs will be white, and black roofs might be replaced when it is cost-effective over the lifetime of the roof."Cool roofs are one of the quickest and lowest-cost ways we can reduce our global carbon emissions and begin the hard work of slowing climate change," he said in a statement.86. which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. a Decline in Car EmissionsB. white Roofs or Black PavementsC. the Effect of Linghting-up RoofsD. climate Change and Extreme Weathers87. a indicated by the passage, black roofs______A. are better than snowy white onesB. reflect not heat from the sunC. are more expensive to build in the urban areasD. are supposed to be placed by snowy white ones88. if they are converted to white or cooler colors, all roofs in the world in their lifetime_____A. can absorb 1.2 gigattons of CO2 a yearB. could serve as 300 million cars in terms of emissionC. would offset the emissions from 300 million carsD. would offset about 24 gigatons of CO2 as emitted from the cars89. according to the passage, it is hard and expensive to keep the urban buildings cool because of______A. the heat-island effectB. the lack of seasonal windsC. the local unique weatherD. the fast urban shrinkage90. energy Secretary Steven Chu implies that_____A. nothing could be more effective in cooling global warming than method he has advocatedB. the method in question still needs to be justified in the futureC. our global carbon emissions can be reduced by half if cool roofs are installedD. weather change and global warming can be addressed in no timePart V Writing(20%)Directions: in this part there is an essay in Chinese. Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the passage.什么是健康？人的健康包括身体健康和心理健康两个方面。
西安交通大学西安交大考博英语历年真题题型分析
西安交通大学/西安交大考博英语历年真题题型分析西安交通大学/西安交大考博英语历年真题题型分析一、近五年考题题型、分值分布(一)整体分析西安交通大学的考博英语题型是“稳中求变”，从08年开始，完型、阅读、翻译与作文一直是西安交通大学考博英语中的“常驻将军”，但是分值有所变化，主要完型的分值增加了10分，题目也增加了10道；相反，阅读的分值有所下降，文章的篇数也减少到了12年的4篇；而翻译的分值减少了一半，只有20分。
而变化主要体现在试卷中去掉了词汇题，而增加了阅读新题型，但是11年与12年的新题型都不一样，虽均属于阅读新题型，但是11年考查的是fastreading，而12年考查的是trueorfalse，这其实就是增加了阅读的比重。
因此，旺旺考博网建议考生在备考过程中，要注重自身阅读能力的提高。
(二)分项分析1词汇题西安交通大学考博英语从11年开始取消了词汇题，这并不意味着词汇与语法不重要，而将单词与语法的考查放入到其他各个专项中，着重考查的是单词与语法的运用能力。
这就要求考生不仅要掌握一定量的单词，还要求考生要将语法全面复习一遍，这样对于提升考生的阅读速度及理解文章都是非常有帮助的。
而对于词汇的积累，旺旺网商城特别推出《考博英语词汇10000分级突破》，它将词汇分为基础词汇、必备词汇和高分词汇三个部分，这三个部分的词汇是按照循序渐进的顺序进行编排，这使得考生在复习考博词汇时，能够由简入难，有一个逐渐适应的过程。
语法是理解长难句的基础，赠送的考博英语语法课程讲解鞭辟入里，每一节的语法之后都配有一定的练习，可以使考生在学习了语法的理论知识后，能通过练习将所学理论知识运用到实践中，加强对语法理论的理解。
2完型填空西安交通大学考博英语的完型填空部分，由08-10年的10分增加到了20分。
而完型填空考查的是单词的基本词义区分、固定词组搭配、以及考生对上下文的理解能力。
这就要求考生在做题时，要从上下文来理解文章，选择最适合的答案。
西工大博士研究生入学考试1001《英语》考试大纲1
《英语》考试大纲
一、考试题型及分值比例
PartI：词汇（20％）
词汇共有40个小题，每题0.5分，共计20分。
主要考察考生的语法、语言运用能力。
PartII：阅读理解（25％）
阅读理解共有5篇文章，每篇文章后各有5道小题，每道小题1分，共计25分。
主要考察考生的英语综合运用能力。
PartIII：完型填空（15％）
完型填空为1篇文章，共有15个空缺，每空1分，共计15分。
PartIV：翻译（20％）
翻译包括英译汉、汉译英两个部分，各占10分，。
PartV：写作（20％）
作文包括文章摘要、文章写作两个部分，共计20分。
（2042）《马克思主义基本原理》考试大纲
考试内容：
1.马克思主义哲学思想
2.当代社会思潮流派
3.马克思主义理论的发展历史
参考书目：
1.李秀林等主编：《辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义原理》（第五版）中国人民大学出版社2004年版
2.段忠桥主编：《当代国外社会思潮》中国人民大学出版社2010年版
3.安启念：《新编马克思主义发展史》中国人民大学出版社2004年版。
农学博士英语试题及答案
农学博士英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is a common agricultural practice?A. MonocultureB. PolycultureC. Both A and BD. None of the above2. The term "photosynthesis" refers to the process by which plants:A. Convert sunlight into energyB. Break down organic compoundsC. Absorb waterD. Release oxygen3. In agriculture, the use of "fertilizers" is primarily for:A. Soil structure improvementB. Pest controlC. Enhancing plant growthD. Harvesting crops4. What is the main purpose of crop rotation?A. To increase crop yieldB. To reduce soil erosionC. To prevent pest infestationD. All of the above5. The "Green Revolution" in agriculture is associated with:A. The use of high-yielding varietiesB. The application of organic farmingC. The reduction of chemical fertilizersD. The promotion of sustainable practices6. What is the role of "pesticides" in agriculture?A. To increase crop yieldB. To protect crops from pestsC. To improve soil fertilityD. To enhance crop quality7. "Organic farming" is characterized by:A. The use of chemical fertilizersB. The avoidance of synthetic chemicalsC. The reliance on monocultureD. The use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)8. The term "biotechnology" in agriculture refers to:A. The use of traditional farming methodsB. The application of modern scientific techniquesC. The cultivation of wild plantsD. The breeding of livestock9. "Sustainable agriculture" aims to:A. Maximize short-term profitsB. Ensure long-term productivityC. Increase the use of machineryD. Expand the scale of farming10. "Conservation tillage" is a method that:A. Involves deep plowing of soilB. Reduces soil disturbanceC. Increases the use of waterD. Requires more fertilizers二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）1. The process by which plants absorb water and nutrients from the soil is known as __________.2. A system of farming that mimics natural ecosystems is called __________.3. The use of genetically modified seeds in agriculture can lead to __________.4. The practice of leaving land fallow for a period is known as __________.5. The main component of natural gas used as a fertilizer is __________.6. The technique of grafting involves joining two different plants to form a __________.7. The term "drought-resistant" refers to plants that can survive with __________.8. The process of converting solar energy into chemical energy in plants is __________.9. The use of manure as a fertilizer is an example of__________.10. The practice of planting different crops in the samefield at the same time is known as __________.三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. Explain the concept of integrated pest management (IPM) in agriculture.2. Describe the benefits of using compost in agricultural practices.3. What are the potential environmental impacts of using chemical fertilizers?4. Discuss the importance of biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1. Discuss the role of biotechnology in modern agriculture and its potential implications for food security.2. Analyze the challenges and opportunities presented by the adoption of precision farming techniques.五、翻译题（每题5分，共10分）1. Translate the following sentence into English: “土壤侵蚀是农业生产中一个严重的问题，需要采取有效措施来防止。
(完整word版)2015年全国医学博士外语统一入学考试英语试题
2015 年全国医学博士外语统-入学考试英语试题1 请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按”考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。
2。
试卷一（Paper One)答案和试卷二（PaperTwo）答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。
3。
试卷一答题时必须使用28 铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑：如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。
书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。
4。
标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。
5。
听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15 秒左右的答题时间。
国家医学考试中心PAPERONEPart 1 : Listening comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation，you will hear a question about what is said，The question will be read only once, After you hear the question，read the four possibleanswers marked A, B, C, and D。
Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEETListen to the following example。
You will hear.Woman：1 fell faint.Man: No wonder You haven’t had a bite all day Question: What's the matter with the woman? You will read。
西安交通大学2015年博士英语考试大纲_西安交通大学研究生院
西安交通大学2015年博士生入学考试英语科目大纲博士生入学英语考试属于水平考试，主要考核实际掌握和运用英语的能力。
博士生英语入学考试总分为100分。
具体如下：一、完形填空（20%）本部分主要考察理解篇章的语言综合运用能力，为400-450词左右的短文。
二、阅读理解（40%）阅读理解测试具体分为以下两部分：Part A仔细阅读测试(30%)：仔细阅读理解测试旨在检验考生能否在规定时间内对所给阅读材料中叙述的内容进行仔细理解、洞察和辨别，要求考生能从不同角度分析文章并通过阅读获取信息，把握文章作者的观点，明确各语句之间的逻辑关系。
题材包括科普、经济、教育、社会生活、历史文化、传记等；文章体裁包括议论文、叙述文、说明文、应用文等。
包含4篇短文，每篇400-450词左右。
每篇设问题5-8小题，题型为单项选择，阅读速度为60词/分钟。
主要测试下述能力：1、掌握所读材料的中心思想、主要内容和细节。
2、对所读材料的内容进行一定的判断和推理。
3、理解某些词和句子的意义或判断其上下文之间的逻辑关系。
4、领会和判断作者的观点和态度。
5、词或者词组的理解。
Part B快速阅读测试(10%)：旨在测试学生通过快速浏览一篇较长文章，使用略读和查读的技能很快把握文章主旨、或某一段落的大意、或各段落之间的关系。
题型有是非判断、句子填空、完成句子等。
篇章长度在1000-1200词左右。
阅读速度为120词/分钟三、英汉互译（20%）主要测试考生的专业英语翻译能力，包括英译汉或汉译英，内容与报考学科相关。
1、汉译英（10%）考生就题材熟悉的汉语根据汉英翻译的基本技巧和一定的汉英翻译所必备的语言知识，将长度为100个汉字左右的短文译成英语，译文达意，无严重语言错误，基本符合英语表达习惯，笔译速度达到每小时300个左右汉字。
2、英译汉（10%）考生就题材熟悉的英语根据英汉翻译的基本技巧和一定的英汉翻译所必备的语言知识，将长度为120个英文单词左右的短文翻译成汉语。
长安大学考博英语题型分析
2015长安大学考博英语历年真题一、招考介绍从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。
攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。
二、长安大学考博英语题型Part1:词汇和结构,15分30题Part2:完型,15分,15道题Part3:阅读理解,40分,5篇20个小题Part4:翻译,10分,英译汉,5个句子Part5:写作,20分三、考博英语必备参考书育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。
在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。
四、联系导师在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。
大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。
因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。
一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。
在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。
如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。
通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。
导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种：（1）、欢迎报考。
这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。
我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。
（2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。
很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。
其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。
(3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。
博士研究生入学考试英语试题及详解
博士研究生入学考试英语试题及详解Doctoral Graduate Entrance Exam English Test Questions and Detailed ExplanationsIntroduction:The doctoral entrance exam is an important step for students who want to pursue their higher education in a field of study. The English test is a crucial component of this exam as it assesses the candidate's language proficiency. In this article, we will discuss some sample questions for the English test and provide detailed explanations for each question.Sample Questions:1. Sentence Completion:Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Example: Despite his ______________ efforts, he was unable to meet the deadline.A. diligentB. lazinessC. energeticD. fatigueExplanation: The correct answer is A. "diligent" is the opposite of "laziness" and fits the context of someone making efforts to meet a deadline.2. Reading Comprehension:Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.Passage: Climate change is a pressing issue that requires urgent action. Rising global temperatures have led to more frequent natural disasters and threaten the existence of many species.Question: What is the main concern of the passage?A. The impact of climate change on natural disasters.B. The extinction of species due to climate change.C. The urgency of taking action on climate change.D. The causes of rising global temperatures.Explanation: The correct answer is C. The passage emphasizes the urgency of taking action on climate change, making it the main concern.3. Error Identification:Identify the error in the sentence.Example: The students is going to the library to study for their exams.A. studentsB. is goingC. to studyD. their examsExplanation: The correct answer is A. "students" should be plural, so it should be "The students are going to the library..." to match the plural verb "are going."4. Vocabulary:Choose the synonym for the word in bold.Example: He is known for his **meticulous** attention to detail.A. carelessB. sloppyC. thoroughD. messyExplanation: The correct answer is C. "meticulous" means careful and thorough, which is synonymous with "thorough."5. Essay Writing:Write an essay discussing the advantages and disadvantages of online education.Explanation: In this essay question, candidates are expected to provide arguments for both the advantages and disadvantages of online education. Points to consider for the advantages could include flexibility, accessibility, andcost-effectiveness. For disadvantages, candidates could discuss issues such as lack of face-to-face interaction, technical difficulties, and potential isolation.Conclusion:The English test for the doctoral entrance exam is a crucial assessment of a candidate's language skills. By practicing sample questions and understanding the detailed explanations, candidates can improve their performance on the test and increase their chances of success in the entrance exam. Good luck to all the aspiring doctoral students!。
西电博士学位英语写译考题样例
1.Multiple Choice(1)”If you’d better here ten minutes earlier, you could have seen the doctor.”“But I couldn’t help ____C__.Traffic was heavy.”A.to be lateB.that I am lateC.being lateteness(2)”Do you want Mary to help you with your letters?”“Y es,please____B__type these for me?”A.her toB.have herC.she hasD.has she(3)”Y our radio doesn’t work.”“Y es it does.The plug___D___.Just plug it in.”A.isn’t connectingB.doesn’t connectC.hasn’t connectionD.isn’t connected(4)”Will college close down because of the strike?”“Nobody knows.___C___made a statement about it.”A.The administration,and not the students either,haveB.Both the administration and students haveC.Neither the administration nor the students haveD.Either the administration or the students haven’t(5)”What kinds of people have you been interviewing for the position?”“Mostly young women___C___graduate school.”A.just away fromB.recently being fromC.just out ofD.recently of(6)”How did you feel after the car nearly hit you?”“I__A____for several moments.”A.stood shakingB.stood in shakingC.was standing and shakenD.was standingshaken(7)”Why is he stopping the car?”“He says it will___A____to get out and stretch our legs.”A.do us goodB.be better of usC.do us wellD.be fine of us(8)After practicing for several weeks. Pete decided he was ready to__D___in the race.A.contriveB.confoundprise D compete(9)Not wanting to be seen by the man he was following,Mr.Steed moved____A_____.A.stealthily（偷偷地，隐秘地）B.snugly（紧紧地，贴身地）C.moodily（喜怒无常地）D.modestly(谨慎地，适当地)(10)The author of the article____B____Dr.Bemand as a very unusual man.A.acquaintedB.depicted（描绘，描述）C.disposedD.addicted2.Mistake Detection and Correction(1)Diego Rivera live more than a decade in Europe ,in which he could be in close personal contact with Cubist and Expressionist. (A has lived)A B C D(2)If traffic problems are not solved soon,driving in cities becomes impossible.(D will become)A B C D(3)After reviewing the troops, the visiting general commented that he had finally seen the kind of aA B Csoldier that the nation needs.(C a kind)D(4)Because John’s parents did not approve of him going on an automobile trip out west he took aD A B Csummer job as a lifeguard.(A his)(5)The purpose of the organization is greeting all newcomers to the city and to provide them withA B Cany necessary information.(B to greet)D(6)It usually takes much less time to fly from one country to another than traveling by train.A B C D(C to travel)(7)The extensive research done by social scientists have given us a much wider understanding ofA B C Dthe complex modern world.(B has given)(8)In many states the law forbids citizens carrying pistols or rifles without first having obtained aA B C D special permit.(B to carry)(9)Comparative anatomists(解剖学家)have recently shown that man’s vocal apparatus is inABseveral respects simpler than the great apes.(D that of the great apes)C D(10)Their ability to glide is the basis for the popular belief that an albatross(信天翁)leaps in theA B C Dair.(A as)3.Scientific E/C Translation(1) It is worth nothing here just how little American has done to involve Europe in its space program. No wonder the Europeans want an alternative.The British attitude is still more puzzling. They say that all such projects should be commercially viable. It used to be said(in Britain)that British scientists were always making important discoveries, only to find no commercial applications for them at home, thus forcing their applications to be profitably realized abroad. Now the British appear to want the commercial results without being prepared to fund the discovery!值得注意的是，美国在实施其太空计划时几乎没有让欧洲插手。
西安理工大学学位英语考试真题
西安理工大学学位英语考试真题1、t was no that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery.[A] coincidence [B] convention[C] certainty [D] complication2、 One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships follow traffic rules in busy harbors.[A] cautiously [B] dutifully[C] faithfully [D] skillfully3、 The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be the welfare of his animals.[A] critical about [B] indignant at[C] indifferent to [D] subject to4、 It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with .[A] for long [B] in and out[C] once for all [D] by nature5、 The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once .[A] thrived [B] swelled [C] prospered [D] flourished6、 When any non-human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately recognizes it as .[A] novel [B] remote [C] distant [D] foreign7、 He with Smith at least four times in the past three years.[A] has been seen to meet [B] was seen to meet[C] has been seen meeting [D] is seen meeting8、No one can understand a decision until it is toolate to do so.[A] him to postpone to make[B] him to postpone making[C] his postponing to make[D] his postponing making9、 Such the case, there are no grounds to justify your complaints.[A] is [B] being [C] was [D] would be10. Nowhere else in China more beautiful scenery thanin Kunming.[A] you can find [B] you have found[C] can you find [D] have you found11、 He is an hour late. He by fog. Of course, that' s only a possibility.[A] may have been delayed [B] should have been delayed[C] can have been delayed [D] must have been delayed12、 She is pleased with what you have given him and you have told him.[A] that [B] which [C] all what [D] all that13、It is because she is too inexperienced she does not know how to deal with the situation.[A] so [B] that [C] so that [D] which14、 Their profits have grown rapidly in recent years, and this upward is expected to continue.[A] action [B] increase [C] tendency [D] movement15、 My brother likes eating very much but he isn' t very about the food he eats.[A] special [B]peculiar [C] unusual [D] particular16、 Dinner will be ready , but we still have time fora drink.[A] presently [B] currently [C] lately [D] finally17、 Let's not over such a trifle![A] fall out [B] fall through[C] fall to [D] fall behind18、 He was a brilliant musician as a boy, but he never his early promise.[A] completed [B] performed[C] concluded [D] fulfilled19、The gloves were really too small, and it was only by them that managed to get them on.[A] stretching [B] spreading[C] extending [D] squeezing20. She is a musician than her brother.[A] much of [B] much as[C] more of [D] more as21、 Liquids are like solids they have a definite volume.[A] in that [B] for that[C] with that [D] at that22、 I suppose you are not going today, ?[A] are you [B] aren’t you[C] do you [D] don’t you23、There is no doubt he will come soon.[A] that [B] what[C] if [D] whether24、The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on best in its climate and soil.[A]. it grows [B] what grows[C] does it grows [D] what does it grows25.We are to your commercial office in Beijing, from whom we learned that you are a leading importer of electric goods in your area.[A]. indebted [B] engaged[C] indeed [D] debted26、 The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at chemist’s.[A] each [B] certain[C] some [D] any27. You cannot be careful when you drive a car.[A] very [B] so[C] too [D] enough28、 Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to, of the color of his skin.[A] with the exception of [B] in the light of[C] by virtue of [D] regardless of29、Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well as sickness.[A] normal [B] regular[C] average [D] ordinary30、 Custom are paid on goods entering the country.[A] duties [B] fares[C] fees [D] charges31、 Elephants would if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished.[A] die down [B] die out[C] die away [D] die off32、 Your hair wants . You’d better have it done tomorrow.[A] cut [B] to cut[C] cutting [D] being cut33、 Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I your advice.[A] follow [B] had followed[C] would follow [D] have followed34. Almost everyone fails on the first try.[A ]in passing his driver’s test[B] to pass his driver’s test[C] to have passed his driver’s test[D] passing his driver’s test1. [A] [B] [C] [D]2. [A] [B] [C] [D]3. [A] [B] [C] [D]4. [A] [B] [C] [D]5. [A] [B] [C] [D]6. [A] [B] [C] [D]7. [A] [B] [C] [D]8. [A] [B] [C] [D]9. [A] [B] [C] [D] 10. [A] [B] [C] [D] 11. [A] [B] [C] [D] 12. [A] [B] [C] [D] 13. [A] [B] [C] [D] 14. [A] [B] [C] [D] 15. [A] [B] [C] [D] 16. [A] [B] [C] [D] 17. [A] [B] [C] [D] 18. [A] [B] [C] [D] 19. [A] [B] [C] [D] 20. [A] [B] [C] [D] 21. [A] [B] [C] [D] 22. [A] [B] [C] [D] 23. [A] [B] [C] [D] 24. [A] [B] [C] [D] 25. [A] [B] [C] [D] 26. [A] [B] [C] [D] 27. [A] [B] [C] [D] 28. [A] [B] [C] [D] 29. [A] [B] [C] [D] 30. [A] [B] [C] [D] 31. [A] [B] [C] [D] 32. [A] [B] [C] [D] 33. [A] [B] [C] [D] 34. [A] [B] [C] [D]。
博士研究生入学考试英语阅读理解题型及答题技巧
博士研究生入学考试英语阅读理解题型及答题技巧一、事实细节题1．命题规律1）列举处指的是first…,second,…third…等并列关系词出现的部分2）举例和打比方的地方常考3）指示代词出现处常考4）引用人物论断处常考5）特殊标点符号后的内容常考。
破折号，括号，冒号，引号2答题技巧1）针对例子、引言、特殊符号，要对号入座2）针对某一段的内容提问3）选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案，而同义词替换的一般是答案4）选项中较具体和肤浅地表达了字面意思地一般不是答案，而概括性地、抽象、含义深刻地是答案项5）选项内容与其他三项有较大差别的，可能为答案6）答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案7）选项中符合一般常识，意义深刻富有哲理，属于普遍现象的往往是答案8）细节干扰项特点：与原句内容相反与原文内容一般相同一半不同1与原句内容相似但过于绝对化原文没有提到二、判断词汇和短语的意义题1命题规律1）含有指示代词的句中常有被考察词汇2）具体环境中具有指代上下文语义功能的词汇3）一词多义的常见词4）对比处常考5）复杂句常考2应试技巧1）看所考词汇与全篇文章主题的关系，关系相近符合主题的是答案2）通过连接词关系判断被考词汇含义–And表接近和递进–Or表示相反或进一步解释和说明3）选项含义与被考单词在含义上肤浅相近的一般不是答案4）利用被考词的修饰、限定成分判断其含义5）定冠词the+被考词汇，前句有解6）选项内容全面、概括性强的一般是答案三、推理判断题1命题规律1）综合性推论和判断题常会围绕文章出题，归纳篇首、篇尾及段落中的主题句2）合性推论和判断题还可围绕文章若干段落进行，要求推论和判断段落间的关系3）对支持主题思想的细节部分进行判断推理4）文章和段落的开头处，尤其是文章结尾总结处常被考5）语义转折处常考2应试技巧1）若要求对某段内容进行判断、推论，那么就只看提干要求做答的那一段2）选项措辞过于绝对化的，一般不是答案项3）合乎常理的选项一般是答案项，照抄原文和对文中做字面解释的则不是答案4）弄清主题思想5）逻辑推理题干扰项特点不是在文章事实基础上进行推理推理过头，概括过度四、主旨大意题1命题规律1）段首、段尾句常考2）特殊标点符号，尤其段首的特殊符号的内容往往表达了作者的论点3）语义转折处，尤其在段首的语义转折处常是考点4）因果句常考2应试技巧1）答案很可能在首尾段2）出现频率高的词可能是蕴涵中心思想的关键词3）判断选项内容，片面、单一的内容应排除4）主旨大意题干扰项特点只是局部信息，或是一句没有展开的化，或是某一段的内容概括范围太宽无关信息五、观点态度题1命题规律1）涉及文章中心思想处易考2）作者提出观点处易考3）语义转折和强对比处易考4）文章中有复杂句、特殊句型处易考2应试技巧1）辨别文体议论文中心句说明文中立描述性文找暗示性短语和词汇2）分析段落大意，分析文章走向3）区分不同的观点注意直接引语和间接引语In my view,in my opinion,personally,I think,I hold4)分清选项中的褒义词、中性词和贬义词褒义词positive,supporting,praising,optimistic,admiring,interesting,humorous,serious,enthusiastic,pleasant,polite,concerned,sober贬义词Disgusted,critical,negative,suspicious, tolerant,worried,pessimistic,depressed, disappointed,ironic,sarcastic,bitter, cynical,sentimental,emotional,angry中性词Indifferent,impassive,uninterested, ambivalent,neutral,impersonal,subjective, objective,informative,impartial,apathetic 文体鉴别词Formal,informal,casual。
博士学位英语考试真题
博士学位英语考试真题：Exploring the Nuances of Doctoral English Examination: An Insight into Authentic Test MaterialsIn the realm of academic pursuits, the doctoral degree stands as a testament to one's in-depth knowledge and research capabilities. Among the various challenges facedby doctoral candidates, the English examination often emerges as a crucial hurdle. This examination, designed to assess the candidates' proficiency in English language comprehension, writing, and critical thinking, is acritical component of the overall doctoral evaluation process. In this article, we delve into the nuances of the doctoral English examination, focusing specifically on the analysis of authentic test materials.The doctoral English examination typically consists of multiple components, each designed to assess a different aspect of English language proficiency. Reading comprehension, for instance, tests the candidate's abilityto understand and interpret complex texts, often drawn from academic sources. This section requires not only a strong vocabulary but also the ability to grasp the underlyingarguments and themes within the text. Similarly, thewriting section challenges candidates to express their ideas coherently and logically, often in the form of essays or research proposals. This demands a high level of grammatical accuracy, along with the ability to construct well-structured arguments.Critical thinking, another key component of the examination, is often tested through questions that require candidates to analyze and evaluate information, identify biases, and draw logical conclusions. This aspect of the test underscores the importance of not only language proficiency but also the ability to apply critical thinking skills in an academic context.To effectively prepare for such a comprehensive examination, it is imperative for candidates to familiarize themselves with the format and content of the test. Authentic test materials, such as past examination papers, provide invaluable insights into the types of questions asked, the level of difficulty, and the expected response formats. Analyzing these materials helps candidatesidentify their strengths and weaknesses, allowing them to focus their preparation efforts accordingly.For instance, by reviewing past reading comprehension passages, candidates can develop strategies to improvetheir reading speed and comprehension skills. Similarly, studying sample essays and research proposals can provide insights into the writing style and structure expected in the examination. Additionally, practicing critical thinking questions can help candidates hone their analytical skills and prepare for the rigors of the exam.It is also worth noting that the doctoral English examination often reflects the specific requirements and standards of the institution or program being applied to. Therefore, candidates should ensure that they are familiar with the specific guidelines and expectations of their target institution. This includes understanding the types of texts used in the reading comprehension section, the formatting requirements for writing tasks, and the emphasis placed on critical thinking skills.In conclusion, the doctoral English examination is a crucial component of the overall doctoral evaluationprocess. By analyzing authentic test materials and understanding the specific requirements of the institution, candidates can effectively prepare for this challenging examination. With adequate preparation and practice, candidates can not only demonstrate their proficiency in English but also showcase their ability to think critically and communicate effectively in an academic setting.**文章标题**：探索博士学位英语考试的精髓：对真题的深入剖析在学术追求的领域里，博士学位是对一个人深入知识和研究能力的有力证明。
XXX博士入学考试历年试题(完整版)
XXX博士入学考试历年试题(完整版)XXX的博士入学考试历年试题包括教育学、训练学和运动生理。
但是由于往年的英语试题无法获取，考生们对于考试的题型一开始完全不了解。
后来通过多条渠道，考生们才了解到了英语试题的题型。
现在的英语试题包括词汇题、完形填空、阅读理解、英语翻译汉语、汉语翻译英语和作文。
在复词汇时，考生们以为考博至少应该是6级以上的，因此复时以6级和考研词汇为主。
但是当看到题目后才发现自己的复思路错了。
大部分的词汇都是词组，6级词汇一个都没有出现。
例如，第一道题是关于hang on、hang up等词汇辨析，题目大意是一个人在打电话，然后说：“我去拿一下笔和纸”。
因此，基本上20道题都是考这种词组辨析。
此外，还有考语法，考生们猜到了基本要考倒装和虚拟。
因此，这两部分搞清楚了语法应该可以拿得下来。
完形填空就没有什么好讲的了，因为题量大，基本每道题目都是只看一遍。
所以完型填空考得什么内容也想不起来了。
但是总体感觉完型填空不会很难，不会到那种你自己都看晕的地步。
阅读理解虽然有6篇，但是并不是每篇篇幅都很长。
这次第5篇阅读很短，好像我记忆中只有两三个小问题。
但是考生们需要注意的是，阅读理解的难度会逐渐增加。
英语翻译汉语和汉语翻译英语都是比较基础的题型，但是需要注意的是翻译的准确性和语言表达的流畅度。
作文的分值只有15分，但是也需要注意语言的表达和逻辑性。
Recently。
a student shared their XXX taking the Beijing Sport University entrance exam。
XXX。
vocabulary。
XXX。
XXX。
The student found that the exam was manageable。
XXX。
and the XXX。
the exam was not overly difficult。
but it is XXX.1、分析不同运动强度下肌肉糖原的利用情况及其对运动表现的影响。
2015年博士生入学考试外语真题
2015年博士生入学考试外语真题中国社会科学院研究生院2015年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷英语2015年3月14 日8:30 – 11:30PART I: Vocabulary and GrammarSection A (10 points)Directions: Choose the answer that best fills in the blank.1. Even the president is not really the CEO. No one is. Power in a corporation is concentrated and vertically structured. Power in Washington is ______________ and horizontally spread out.a. prudentb. reversiblec. diffused. mandatory2. In describing the Indians of the various sections of the United States at different stages in their history, some of the factors which account for their similarity amid difference can be readily accounted for, others are difficult to _______________.a. refineb. discernc. embedd. cluster3. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by T ony Blair, wasdesigned to give the other members of the club a bigger ______________ and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.a. sayb. transmissionc. decayd. contention4. It can hardly be denied the proliferation of so-called dirty books and films has, to date, reached almost a saturation point. People do not acknowledge the _______________ fact that children are bound to be exposed to ―dirty words‖in a myriad of ways other than through the public airwaves.a.i rrefutableb. concretec. inevitabled. haphazard5. A condition is an essential term of the contract. If a contract is not performed, it may constitute a substantial breach of contract and allow the other party to _______________ the contract, that is, treat the contract as discharged or terminated.a. repudiateb. spurnc. declined. halt6. Each of us shares with the community in which we live a store of words as well as agreed conventions ______________ these words should be arranged to convey a particular message. a. as the way by which b. by the way in whichc. as to the way in whichd. in the way of which7. Rarely ______________ a technological development _______________ an impact on many aspects of social, economic, and cultural development as greatly as the growth of electronics.a. has… hadb. had…hadc. has…hasd. have…had8. If early humans ______________ as much as they did, they probably ______________ to evolve into different species.a. did not move and intermingle…would continueb. would not move and intermingle…had continuedc. had not moved and intermingled…would have continuedd. were not to move and intermingle…could have continued9. It was ______________ the last time around the track ______________ I really kicked itin--passing the gossiping girlfriends, blocking out the whistles of boys who had already completed their run and now were hanging out on the grassy hill, I ran--pushing hard, breathing shallowly, knowing full well that I was going to have to hear about it from my disapproving friends for the next few days.a. not until…whenb. not until…thatc. until…whend. until…that10．One impediment ______________ the general use of a standard in pronunciation is the fact ______________ pronunciation is learnt naturally and unconsciously, while orthography is learnt deliberately and consciously.a. in…whichb. of …in whichc. on…thatd. to…thatSection B (5 points)Directions: Choose the word that is the closest in meaning with the underlined word.11. It is some 15 million Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims swept up in a tumultuous shuffle of citizensbetween India and Pakistan after the partition of the subcontinent in 1947.a. divisionb. turmoilc. fusiond. consolidation12. Concerning speculation, philosophy looks upon things from the broadest possible perspective;for criticism, it has the twofold role of questioning and judging everything that pertains either to the foundations or to the superstructure of human thinking.a. inebriatesb. forsakesc. relatesd. emaciates13. Meeting is, in fact, a necessary though not necessarily productive psychological side show.Perhaps it is our civilized way to moderating，if not preventing, change.a. promotingb. impedingc. temperingd. arresting14. The truth about alliances and their merit probably lies somewhere between the travel utopiapresented by the players and the evil empires portrayed bytheir critics.a. collaborationb. worthc. triumphd. defect15. But Naifeh and Smith reveal a keen intellect, an avid reader and a passionate observer of otherartists’ work who progressed from labored figure studies to inspir ed outbursts of creative energy.Far from an artistic flash in the pan, he pursued his calling with dogged determination against nearly insurmountable odds.a. insuperableb. unsurpassablec. uncountabled. invaluableSection C (5 points)Directions: Choose the letter that indicates the error in the sentence.16.One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S. Congress is the power toinvestigate, which is usually delegated to committees—either standing committees, specialA Bcommittees set for a specific purpose, or joint committees consisting of members of bothC Dhouses.17.One of the important corollaries to the investigative power is the power to publicizeinvestigations and their results. Most committee hearings areopen to public and are reportedA Bwidely in the mass media. Congressional investigations thus represent one important toolCavailable to lawmakers to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interest in national issues.D18.It is not a voice we recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting is something which weA Balmost always know. We begin the natural learning of pronunciation long before we start Clearning to read or write, and in our early years we go on unconsciously imitating andDpracticing the pronunciation of those around us for many hours everyday.19. It had happened too often that the farmers sold their wheat soon after harvest when farm debtsAwere coming due, only to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. On various occasions,Bproducer groups, asked firmer control, but the government had no wish to become involved, atCleast not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to run wild.D20.Detailed studies of the tribe by the food scientists at the University of London showed thatAgathering is a more productive source of food than is hunting. An hour of hunting yields onB Caverage about 100 edible calories as an hour of gathering produces 240.DPART II: Reading comprehension (30 points)Directions: Choose the best answers based on the information in the passages below. Passage 1Plato’s Republic has been the source of great consternation, especially in literary circles, for itsattack on the poets. Socrates in fact asserts that they should have no place in the ideal state. Eric Havelock suggests that there are several misunderstandings in this regard, and in his Preface to Plato he identifies the issues, explains the historical context.Havelock opens his discussion by suggesting that the very title of the Republic is the source of much confusion. The book is commonly understood to be a treatise on the ideal political entity, but even a casual analysis will show that only one-third of the text is concerned with statecraft. The other two-thirds cover a variety of su bjects, but the thrust of Plato’s argument amounts to an attack on the traditional Greek approach to education.The educational methods still in use in the 4th century BC had their origins in what has been called the Greek Dark Age beginning around 1200 BC when the Mycenaean era collapsed. Very little is known about the whys and wherefores of this collapse, but it wasn’t until around 700 BC that the Phoenicianalphabet began to be adapted and used in the Greek-speaking world. During the intervening centuries, all knowledge concerning Greek history, culture, mores and laws were orally transmitted down through the generations. The most effective device in aid of memorizing vast amounts of information was rhyme. The epic form we see in Homer’s Iliad grew out of the need to preserve the Greek cultural memory. Havelock takes the reader through Book 1 of The Iliad and dissects it in detail to show how this cultural, historical and ethical heritage was conveyed. The Iliad takes on new and significant meaning to the reader of this minute examination.The Iliad and presumably other poetic vehicles were taught to children from an early age. The whole of the Greek-speaking world was immersed in the project of memorizing, and out of the masses arose those individuals with superior memories and theatrical skills who became the next generation of minstrels and teachers. Education was thus comprised of memorization and rote learning, and the people enjoyed constant reminders through public readings and festivals.Plato’s focus in the Republic and elsewhere is on Homer and Hesiod and to some extent the dramatists which at the time were the centerpieces of the educational regime. Their works presented gods and heroes as fundamentally immoral and thus bad examples for youth. The overall result is that the Greek adolescent is continually conditioned to an attitude which at bottom is cynical. It is more important to keep up appearances than to practice the reality. Decorum and decent behavior are not obviously violated, but the inner principle of morality is. Once the Republic is viewed as a critique of the educational regime, Havelock says that the logic of its total organization becomesclear.What Pl ato was railing against was an ―oral state of mind‖ which seems to have persisted even though the alphabet and written documentation had been in use for three centuries. Illiteracy was thus stil l a widespread problem in Plato’s time, and the poetic state of mind was the main obstacle to scientific rationalism and analysis. This is why Plato regarded the poetic or oral state of mind as the arch-enemy. In his teachings he did the opposite. He ask ed his students to ―think about what they were sa ying instead of just saying it.‖The epic had become, in Plato’s view, not ―an act of creation bu t an act of reminder and recall‖ and cont ributed to what Havelock terms ―the Homeric state of mind.‖It was So crates’project (and by extension Plato’s) to reform Greek education to encourage thinking and analysis. Thus all the ranting and railing about the ―poets‖ in Plato’s Republic was limited basically to Homer and Hesiod because of what he viewed as a wholly inadequate approach to education of which these particular poets were an integral part.Unfortunately, Western culture has misconstrued wh at Plato and Socrates meant by ―the poets.‖And because we view poetry as a highly creative and elevated form of expression, our critics have failed to recognize that Plato’s diatribe had a very specific and limited target which had nothing to do with high-minded creativity, of which there is plenty, by the way, in the proscribed poet s. It wasn’t really the poets who were the problem; it was the use of them that was deemed unacceptable.Post-Havelock, we can now read the Republic with the scales lifted from our eyes and see it for what it really was: an indictment of an antiquated educational regime which had no place in a democratic society.Comprehension Questions:21. The mistaken understanding of Plato's Republic consists in the widespread belief that it consistsof _______________.a.literary criticismb. a treatise on the ideal polityc. a critique of rationalismd. an indictment of an obsolete pedagogy22. According to Havelock, Plato’s anger with the poets arose from:I: Their representation of gods and heroes as fundamentally immoral and thus bad examples for youth.II: Their transmission of culture, mores and laws.a. I.b. II.c. Both I and II.d. Neither I nor II.23. Prior to the 4th century BC, recitation was considered the best educational method because______________.a.poetry was seen as a highly creative and elevated form of expressionb.rhyme was the most effective device in aid of memorizing vast amounts of informationc.there was no writing systemd.the people enjoyed constant reminders through public readings and festivals24. In Plato's diatribe the poetic or oral state of mind is the arch-enemy of _______________.a.democratic societyb. the Mycenaean Republicc .the Phoenicians d. literacy25. A common critique of the present-day Chinese educational system resembles the educationalsystem that Plato fulminated against in that it often _______________.a.asks students to think about what they were saying instead of just saying it/doc/8e18884558.htmlprises of memorization and rote learningc.has a very specific and limited targetd.encourages thinking and analysisPassage 2To govern is to choose how the revenue raised from taxes is spent. So far so good, or bad. But some people earn more money than others. Should they pay proportionately more money to the government than those who earn less? And if they do pay more money are they entitled to more services than those who pay less or those who pay nothing at all? And should those who pay nothing at all because they have nothing get anything? These matters are of irritable concern to ourrulers, and of some poignancy to the rest.Although the equality of each citizen before the law is the rock upon which the American Constitution rests, economic equality has never been an American ideal. In fact, it is the one unmentionable subject in our politics, as the senator from South Dakota recently discovered when he came up with a few quasi-egalitarian tax reforms. The furious and enduring terror of Communism in America is not entirely the work of those early cold warriors Truman and Acheson.A dislike of economic equality is something deep-grained in the American Protestant character. After all, given a rich empty continent for vigorous Europeans to exploit (the Indians were simply a disagreeable part of the emptiness, like chiggers), any man of gumption could make himself a good living. With extra hard work, any man could make himself a fortune, proving that he was a better man than the rest. Long before Darwin the American ethos was Darwinian.The vision of the rich empty continent is still a part of the American unconscious in spite of the Great Crowding and its attendant miseries; and this lingering belief in the heaven any man can make for himself through hard work and clean living is a key to the majority’s prevailing and apparently unalterable hatred of the poor, kept out of sight at home, out of mind abroad.Yet there has been, from the beginning, a significant division in our ruling class. The early Thomas Jefferson had a dream: a society of honest yeomen, engaged in agricultural pursuits, without large cities, heavy industry, banks, military pretensions. The early (and the late) Alexander Hamilton wanted industry, banks, cities, and a military force capable of making itself felt in world politics. It is a nice irony that so many of toda y’s laissez-faire conservatives think that they descend from Hamilton, the proponent of a strong federal government, and that so many liberals believe themselves to be the heirs of the early Jefferson, who wanted little more than a police force and a judiciary. Always practical, Jefferson knew that certain men would rise through their own good efforts while, sadly, others would fall. Government would do no more than observe this Darwinian spectacle benignly, and provide no succor.In 1800 the Hamiltonian view was rejected by the people andtheir new President Thomas Jefferson. Four years later, the Hamiltonian view had prevailed and was endorsed by the reelected Jefferson. Between 1800 and 1805 Jefferson had seen to it that an empire in posse had become an empire in esse. The difference between Jefferson I and Jefferson II is reflected in the two inaugural addresses.It is significant that nothing more elevated than greed changed the Dr. Jekyll of Jefferson I into the Mr. Hyde of Jefferson II. Like his less thoughtful countrymen, Jefferson could not resist a deal. Subverting the Constitution he had helped create, Jefferson bought Louisiana from Napoleon, acquiring its citizens without their consents. The author of the Declaration of Independence was quite able to forget the unalienable rights of anyone whose property he thought should be joined to our empire—a word which crops up frequently and unselfconsciously in his correspondence.In the course of land-grabbing, Jefferson II managed to get himself into hot water with France, England, and Spain simultaneously, a fairly astonishing thing to do considering the state of politics in Napoleonic Europe.Comprehension Questions:26. The author believes that Americans ________________.a. still believe America to be largely unpopulatedb. largely believe in lower taxationc. are in favor of taxation without representationd. should reconsider the Louisiana purchase27. From the passage, we may assume that the senator from South Dakota _______________.a. opposed tax reformb. was Thomas Jeffersonc. failed in his attempt to reform tax lawd. was Alexander Hamilton28. Jefferson made it possible for ________________.a. a potential empire to become a real oneb. tax laws to reflect the will of the peoplec. France, England, and Spain to simultaneously vacillate upon their mutual feelings towardsthe United States.d. Darwinian social theories to be accepted without question29. Jefferson’s early political writings espoused what would today b e called _______________.a. collectivismb. libertarianismc. socialismd. liberalism30. The author holds that Jefferson’s purchase of the Louisiana territories _______________.a. may be seen as a hypocritical actb. rigorously held with his previous views of inalienable rightsc. cannot be seen as an act of empire-expansiond. was an act meant to lower taxes and improve the wealth of the nationPassage 3If, besides the accomplishments of being witty and ill-natured, a man is vicious into the bargain, he is one of the most mischievous creatures that can enter into a civil society. His satire will then chiefly fall upon those who ought to be the most exempt from it. Virtue, merit, and everything that is praiseworthy, will be made the subject of ridicule and buffoonery. It is impossible to enumerate the evils which arise from these arrowsthat fly in the dark; and I know no other excuse that is or can be made for them, than that the wounds they give are only imaginary, and produce nothing more than a secret shame or sorrow in the mind of the suffering person. It must indeed be confessed that a lampoon or a satire do not carry in them robbery or murder; but at the same time, how many are there that would not rather lose a considerable sum of money, or even life itself, than be set up as a mark of infamy and derision? And in this case a man should consider that an injury is not to be measured by the notions of him that gives, but of him that receives it. Those who can put the best countenance upon the outrages of this nature which are offered them, are not without their secret anguish. I have often observed a passage in Socrates’ behavio r at his death in a light wherein none of the critics have considered it. That excellent man entertaining his friends a little before he drank the bowl of poison, with a discourse on the immortality of the soul, at his entering upon it says that he does not believe any the most comic genius can censure him for talking upon such a subject at such at a time. This passage, I think, evidently glances upon Aristophanes, who write a comedy on purpose to ridicule the discourses of that divine philosopher. It has been observed by many writers that Socrates was so little moved at this piece of buffoonery, that he was several times present at its being acted upon the stage, and never expressed the least resentment of it. But, with submission, I think the remark I have here made shows us that this unworthy treatment made an impression uponhis mind, though he had been too wise to discover it. When Julius Caesar was lampooned by Catullus, he invited him to a supper, and treated him with such a generous civility, that hemade the poet his friend ever after. Cardinal Mazarine gave the same kind of treatment to the learned Quillet, who had reflected upon his eminence in a famous Latin poem. The cardinal sent for him, and, after some kind expostulations upon what he had written, assured him of his esteem, and dismissed him with a promise of the next good abbey that should fall, which he accordingly conferred upon him in a few months after. This had so good an effect upon the author, that he dedicated the second edition of his book to the cardinal, after having expunged the passages which had given him offence. Though in the various examples which I have here drawn together, these several great men behaved themselves very differently towards the wits of the age who had reproached them, they all of them plainly showed that they were very sensible of their reproaches, and consequently that they received them as very great injuries. For my own part, I would never trust a man that I thought was capable of giving these secret wounds; and cannot but think that he would hurt the person, whose reputation he thus assaults, in his body or in his fortune, could he do it with the same security. There is indeed something very barbarous and inhuman in the ordinary scribblers of lampoons. I have indeed heard of heedless, inconsiderate writers that, without any malice, have sacrificed the reputation of their friends and acquaintance to a certain levity of temper, and a silly ambition of distinguishing themselves by a spirit of raillery and satire; as if it were not infinitely more honourable to be a good-natured man than a wit. Where there is this little petulant humor in an author, he is often very mischievous without designing to be so.Comprehension Questions:31. According to the author, those who want to trivializesatire tend to suggest that_______________.a. the damage is immaterialb. the effect is mere buffooneryc. wit is a streak of geniusd. the mischief must be taken in a spirit of raillery32. What would be the best strategy for the object of satire to adopt, according to the author?a. To take no heed.b. To placate the author.c. To take offence.d. To suffer the consequences.33. The main purpose of this article is ________________.a. the derision of the perpetrators of satireb. a warning against mischievous scribblersc. creating understanding of the genred. reproaching fellow satirists34. When the author speaks of ―this little petulant humor‖it is evident that he means________________.a. good-natured witb. the choleric temperc. a silly ambitiond. submission35. In view of the opinion of the author, it is unlikely that the author is a ________________.a. man of lettersb. satiristc. witd. a good-natured man Passage 4Alexander the Great’s conquests in the Eastern Mediterranean initiated a series of profound cultural transformations in the ancient centers of urban civilization of the Fertile Crescent. The final destruction of native rule and the imposition of an alien elite culture instigated a cultural discourse—Hellenism—which irrevocably marked all participants, both conquerors and conquered. This discourse was particularly characterized by a transformation of indigenous cultural traditions, necessitated by their need to negotiate their place in a new social order. As Bowerstock has argued, the process of Hellenization did not accomplish the wholesale replacement of indigenous cultural traditions with Greek civilization. Instead, it provided a new cultural vocabulary through which much pre-existing cultural tradition was often able to find new expression. This phenomenon is especially intriguing as it relates to language and literacy. The ancient civilizations of the Syro-Mesopotamian and Egyptian cultural spheres were, of course, literate, possessing indigenous literary traditions already of great antiquity at the time of the Macedonian conquests. The disenfranchisement of traditional elites by the imposition of Greek rule had the related effect of displacing many of the traditional social structures where in indigenous literacy functioned and was taught—in particular, the institutions of the palace and the temple. A new language of power, Greek, replaced the traditional language of these institutions. This had the unavoidable effect of displacing the traditional writing systems associated with these indigenous languages. Traditional literacy’s longstanding association with the centers of social and political authority began to be eroded.Naturally, the eclipse of traditional, indigenous literacy did not occur overnight. The decline of Cuneiform and Hieroglyphicliteracies was a lengthy process. Nor was the nature of their respective declines identical. Akkadian, the ancient language of Mesopotamian court and temple culture, vanished forever, along with cuneiform writing, in the first century CE. Egyptian lived on beyond the disappearance of hieroglyphic in the fourth century CE in the guise of Coptic, to succumb as a living, spoken language of daily social intercourse only after the Islamic conquest of Egypt. Even then, Coptic survives to this day as the liturgical language of the Coptic Orthodox Church. This latter point draws attention to an aspect of the decline of these indigenous literacies worthy of note: it is in the sphere of religion that these literacies are often preserved longest, after they have been superseded in palace circles—the last dated cuneiform text we have is an astrological text; the last dated hieroglyphic text a votive graffito. This should cause little surprise. The sphere of religion is generally one of the most conservative of cultural subsystems. The local need to negotiate the necessities of daily life and individual and collective identity embodied in traditional religious structures is slow to change and exists in ongoing dialogue with the more readily changeable royal and/or state ideologies that bind various locales together in an institutional framework.The process of ―Hellenization‖ of the an cient cultures of the Eastern Mediterranean provides us, then, with an opportunity to observe the on-going effect on traditional, indigenous literacy of the imposition of a new status language possessed of its own distinct writing system. The cultural politics of written and spoken language-use in such contexts has been much discussed and it is clear that the processes leading to the adoption of a new language—in written form, or spoken form, or both—in some cultural spheres and the retention of traditional languages inothers are complex. Factors including the imposition of a new language from above, adoption of a new language of social prestige from below, as well as preservation of older idioms of traditional statusin core cultural institutions, must have affected different sectors of a conquered society in different fashions and at different rates.Comprehension Questions:36. The languages that have to some extent managed to survive Hellenization did so in what area?a. In palace circles.b. In governmental institutions.c. In the religious sphere.d. In philological circles.37. Which aspect of society, according to the passage, is one of the most resistant to change?a. Monarchical institutions.b. Religious institutions.c. Linguistic norms.d. State ideologies.38. In the first paragraph, you saw the underlined word disenfranchisement. Choose, among thefollowing expressions, the closest in similar meaning.a. the removal of power, right and/or privilegeb. a strong sense of disappointmentc. the prohibition of the right to conduct businessd. the loss of social position39. Who was the leader of the Macedonian Conquest?a. King Philip of Macedon.b. Pericles of Athens.。
西安理工大学函授第一学期考试英语答案
西安理工大学函授第一学期考试英语答案1、The classmates can' t（）Alice from her twin sister. [单选题] *A. speakB. tell(正确答案)C. talkD. say2、She is _______, but she looks young. [单选题] *A. in her fifties(正确答案)B. at her fiftyC. in her fiftyD. at her fifties3、The people’s Republic of China _______ on October 1, 1 [单选题] *A. foundB. was founded(正确答案)C. is foundedD. was found4、His understanding made a deep impression_____the young girl. [单选题] *A.on(正确答案)B.inC.forD.with5、42．—________ meat do you want?—Half a kilo. [单选题] *A．How much(正确答案)B．How manyC．WhatD．Which6、Medicines are to be taken according to the doctor’s advice. [单选题] *A. 发放B. 提取C. 配方D. 服用(正确答案)7、My brother will come to see me tomorrow. I’ll meet?_______ at the airport. [单选题] *A. herC. him(正确答案)D. them8、My mother and my aunt are both _______. They work in a big supermarket. [单选题] *A. actressesB. doctorsC. salesmenD. saleswomen(正确答案)9、The（)majority of the members were against the idea. [单选题] *A. substantialB. enormousC. considerable(正确答案)D. overwhelming10、1．I saw ________ action film with my friend yesterday, and ________ film was amazing. [单选题] *A．a...aB．a...theC．an...the(正确答案)11、Whatever difficulties you have, you should not _______ your hope. [单选题] *A. give inB. give outC. give up(正确答案)D. give back12、People cut down many trees ______ elephants are losing their homes. （）[单选题] *A. ifB. butC. so(正确答案)D. or13、14．He is cutting the apple ________ a knife. [单选题] *A．inB．toC．with(正确答案)D．by14、During the Spring Festival, people in Northern China usually eat _______ as a traditionalChinese food. [单选题] *A. pizzaB. dumplings(正确答案)C. hamburgersD. noodles15、I want something to eat. Please give me a _______. [单选题] *A. bookB. watchC. shirtD. cake(正确答案)16、( ) ________ large the library is! [单选题] *A. WhatB. What aC. How(正确答案)D. How a17、The paper gives a detailed（）of how to create human embryos (胚胎)by cloning. [单选题] *A. intentionB. description(正确答案)C. affectionD. effort18、If you do the same thing for a long time, you'll be tired of it. [单选题] *A. 试图B. 努力C. 厌倦(正确答案)D. 熟练19、Growing vegetables（）constantly watering. [单选题] *A. neededB. are neededC. were neededD. needs(正确答案)20、Seldom _____ in such a rude way. [单选题] *A.we have been treatedB. we have treatedC. have we been treated(正确答案)D. have treated21、_______ after dinner is good for our health. [单选题] *A. WalksB. Walking(正确答案)C. WalkedD. Walk22、Jim, it’s dark now. Please _______ the light in the room. [单选题] *A. turn on(正确答案)B. turn upC. turn offD. turn down23、These two films are very interesting. I like them _____. [单选题] *A. eitherB. neitherC. allD. both(正确答案)24、The reason why I didn't attend the lecture was simply（）I got a bad cold that day. [单选题] *A. becauseB. asC. that(正确答案)D. for25、Our teacher was very happy because _______ failed the exam. [单选题] *A. somebodyB. anybodyC. nobody(正确答案)D. everybody26、29．There is a book in your left hand. What’s in your ___________ hand? [单选题] * A．the othersB．other (正确答案)C．anotherD．others27、We haven't heard from him so far. [单选题] *A. 到目前为止(正确答案)B. 一直C. 这么远D. 这么久28、31．That's ______ interesting football game. We are all excited. [单选题] *A．aB．an(正确答案)C．theD．/29、I’m sorry there are ______ apples in the fridge. You must go and buy some right now.（）[单选题] *A. a littleB. littleC. a fewD. few(正确答案)30、Turn down the music. It hurts my _______. [单选题] *A. noseB. eyesC. mouthD. ears(正确答案)。
西安理工大学大二英语考题
1、What is the earliest surviving system of laws?A、Code of HammurabiB、Hebrew TorahC、Rosetta StoneD、Shabaka StoneAnswer：A2、What color is the hexadecimal color code #151B54?A、CoralB、Deep PinkC、Medium Spring GreenD、Midnight BlueAnswer：D3、Who won Wimbledon Men’s Singles Championship in 1977?A、John McEnroeB、Arthur AsheC、Boris BeckerD、Bjorn BorgAnswer：D4、All the organisms plus the nonliving components of a defined area is a(n)A、population.B、community.C、habitat.D、ecosystem.Answer：D5、Who was the top-selling album artist of the 1970's?A、CherB、Diana RossC、Elton JohnD、Neil DiamondAnswer：C6、In what country was AIDS first recognized?A、USAB、AfricaC、FranceD、BrazilAnswer：A7、The flowers of plants primarily function inA、cyst dispersal.B、spore dispersal.C、seed dispersal.D、pollen dispersal.Answer：D8、Which of these is the bone of the heel?A、CalcaneusB、TalusC、ClavicleD、SternumAnswer：A9、Andy and Elizabeth Farmer moved from New York to which state in the 1988 film Funny Farm?A、VermontB、UtahC、KentuckyD、ColoradoAnswer：A10、Which is the longest running show on Nickelodeon?A、Blue's CluesB、DougC、RugratsD、Spongebob SquarepantsAnswer：D11、Which Microsoft Office product would you most likely use to create a spreadsheet?A、AccessB、ExcelC、PowerPointD、WordAnswer：B12、What is the atomic number for zinc?A、14B、18C、26D、30Answer：D13、When is the Feast Day of St. John the Baptist?A、March 19B、June 24C、July 19D、August 15Answer：B14、In which year of the Modern Olympics were the Winter Games added?A、1936B、1920C、1916D、1924Answer：D15、What color are the g's in the Google logo?A、BlueB、GreenC、RedD、YellowAnswer：A16、Which is the largest ocean, covering 35% of the earth?A、Atlantic OceanB、Pacific OceanC、Indian OceanD、Arctic OceanAnswer：B17、Who was the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom?A、Winston ChurchillB、George GrenvilleC、Henry PelhamD、Robert WalpoleAnswer：D18、Which NFL team was credited with being the first to put a team logo on their helmets in the 1940s?A、EaglesB、RamsC、SaintsD、PatriotsAnswer：B19、5 + -6 = ?A、1B、-1C、11D、-11Answer：B20、What Beatles' single lasted longest on the charts, at 19 weeks?A、Come TogetherB、YesterdayC、Hey JudeD、I Want To Hold Your HandAnswer：C21、Who is the youngest man to win a heavyweight title belt?A、Mike TysonB、Evander HolyfieldC、Floyd PattersonD、Michael SpinksAnswer：A22、How many songs from the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band were released as singles?A、0B、1C、5D、10Answer：A23、What year was Google founded?A、1995B、1998C、2000D、2003Answer：B24、During World War II, which country was not part of the Axis Powers?A、GermanyB、JapanC、PolandD、ItalyAnswer：C25、Which state is 2nd to Alaska in having the largest shoreline?A、CaliforniaB、FloridaC、MichiganD、MississippiAnswer：C26、Which was not a boss in Mega Man 2?A、Quick ManB、Cut ManC、Air ManD、Metal ManAnswer：B27、What is the top selling video game franchise?A、MarioB、PokémonC、TetrisD、The SimsAnswer：A28、The trachea is __________ to the esophagus.A、postenorB、interiorC、distalD、anteriorAnswer：D29、According to the English grammar, which word is an article?A、TheB、AppleC、IsD、RedAnswer：A30、The oldest known maps date back to 9th century BC fromA、ancient Babylon.B、ancient Greece.C、the Roman empire.D、China.Answer：A驾校一点通365网/guizhou/贵州驾校一点通31、What ingredient does the word sushi refer to?A、FishB、RiceC、EggsD、SalmonAnswer：B32、What was the first game to have an easter egg?A、AdventureB、BattlezoneC、Jungle HuntD、Super Mario Bros.Answer：A33、Who performed at the 2002 Super Bowl halftime show?A、The RollingStonesB、StingD、AerosmithAnswer：C34、What animal is the symbol of Thailand?A、ElephantB、TigerC、SnakeD、ScorpionAnswer：A35、What was rule #1 in the 2009 film, Zombieland?A、Beware of BathroomsB、CardioC、Double TapD、Travel LightAnswer：B36、Who was Barbie named after?A、Barbara StanwykB、Barbara HandlerC、Barbara BabcockD、Barbara WaltersAnswer：B37、In the movie Trading Places, the butler's name wasA、Smithers.B、Coleman.C、Jeeves.D、Alfred.Answer：B38、Which rock bank released two albums on the same day in 1991?A、Guns N' RosesB、Jane's AddictionC、MetallicaD、NirvanaAnswer：A39、What is the Roman numeral MCDVI?A、156B、546C、706D、1,406Answer：D40、Who was the first host of Show Me The Money?A、Regis PhilbinB、Alex TrebekC、Paul ReubensD、William ShatnerAnswer：B41、How old were Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison, and Jimi Hendrix when they died?A、17B、27C、37Answer：B42、Toastmaster is a term associated withA、chess.B、public speaking.C、writing.D、orchestras.Answer：B43、Which boyband has had the most number one singles in the American charts?A、Backstreet BoysB、Boyz II MenC、N SyncD、The JacksonsAnswer：B44、Which of the following terms means to play slow?A、AdagioB、PianoC、AllegroD、poco a pocoAnswer：A45、In degrees Fahrenheit, what is the boiling point of water?A、100B、200C、212D、274Answer：C46、What current branch of the U.S. military was a corps of only 50 soldiers when World WarI broke out?A、MarinesB、ArmyC、NavyD、Air ForceAnswer：D47、What was the first wildcard team to win the Super Bowl?A、Denver BroncosB、Baltimore RavensC、Oakland RaidersD、Pittsburgh SteelersAnswer：C48、Which meat is also known as Chicken of the Sea?A、ChickenB、CrabC、SalmonD、TunaAnswer：D49、How many chapters are in the New Testament book, James?A、5B、13C、20Answer：A50、What is the name of the sailing vessel that the crew took to Bristol in Treasure Island?A、CassandraB、HispaniolaC、Royal FortuneD、WalrusAnswer：B51、What store sponsors the annual Thanksgiving Day parade held in New York City?A、J.C. PennyB、Macy'sC、GapD、Victoria's SecretAnswer：B52、How many Berlin streets are named after Adolf Hitler?A、0B、1C、198D、2763Answer：A53、What was the first animal to be cloned?A、MouseB、SheepC、CatD、BirdAnswer：B54、What color does mixing blue and green produce?A、CyanB、OrangeC、PurpleD、YellowAnswer：A55、23, 56, 89, 122, ____A、154B、165C、171D、176Answer：B56、Who directed Jurassic Park?A、Tim BurtonB、James CameronC、Peter JacksonD、Steven SpielbergAnswer：D57、In the movie Star Wars (1977), which character spoke the first and last words?A、Luke SkywalkerB、Han SoloC、MorkD、C3POAnswer：D58、Which county is not located in the Middle East?A、CyprusB、LebanonC、TurkeyD、UruguaryAnswer：D59、In the A-Team, Mr. T had a fear ofA、snakes.B、spiders.C、flying.D、showing his emotions.Answer：D60、Who was the first republican US president?A、Abraham LincolnB、Ulysses S. GrantC、Theodore RooseveltD、Ronald ReaganAnswer：A61、What is the term now used to describe online music storage services?A、JukeboxesB、LockersC、MusicologiesD、Sound LibrariesAnswer：B62、How many of the nine planets have moons?A、OneB、ThreeC、SixD、SevenAnswer：D63、Which word is misspelled?A、CemeteryB、OccurrenceC、PreceedeD、SeparateAnswer：C64、Which sport has six players on a team?A、BasketballB、PoloC、RugbyD、VolleyballAnswer：D65、About how many blue lines are in a 70 sheet, wide-ruled notebook?A、2,628B、3,780C、4,200D、5,660Answer：B驾驶员之家/chexing/c2.html C2驾驶证能开什么车66、What was the first genetically engineered organism?A、CornB、RatC、SheepD、TobaccoAnswer：D67、Which Nintendo system does not have a Metroid game?A、Game BoyB、WiiC、Super NintendoD、Nintendo 64Answer：D68、Which U.S. state grabs the most money from domestic tourists, double that of Hawaii?A、CaliforniaB、NevadaC、FloridaD、New YorkAnswer：B69、What is the most common blood type?A、O PositiveB、A PositiveC、B PositiveD、AB PositiveAnswer：A70、What southern city is famous for its Beale Street Blues?A、NashvilleB、BirminghamC、New OrleansD、MemphisAnswer：D71、What is the atomic number for nickel?A、38B、48C、13D、28Answer：D72、How many stars form the Big Dipper?A、7B、6C、5D、9Answer：A73、How many sides are on a cube?A、4B、6C、8D、10Answer：B74、What is the national icon of Canada?A、BeaverB、LeafC、BigfootD、Gold CoinAnswer：A75、What show did MTV introduce in 1988 to feature rap/hip-hop music and news?A、Rap N RockB、Night TracksC、Headbangers BallD、Yo! MTV RapsAnswer：D76、France is the ____ largest country by population?A、10thB、58thC、4thD、19thAnswer：D77、Which of these Romans were not responsible for stopping Julius Caesar’s rise to power on the Ides of March?A、CassiusB、CascaC、BrutusD、PompeyAnswer：D78、Which operating system is usually free to distribute?A、Mac OS XB、LinuxC、Microsoft WindowsD、UnixAnswer：B79、Which of these African nations is not landlocked?A、Burkina FasoB、ChadC、CongoD、NigerAnswer：C80、How many moons does Jupiter have?A、5B、68C、63D、15Answer：C81、What was the first non U.S. county to win the Little League baseball world series?A、CubaB、CanadaC、JapanD、MexicoAnswer：D82、The first Roman landing in Britian was led by Julius Caesar and happened in what year?A、50 B.C.B、54 B.C.D、60 B.C.Answer：C83、In what period of the periodic table are the noble gases found?A、18B、16C、10D、2Answer：A84、What was the first James Bond movie?A、Casino RoyaleB、On Her Majesty's Secret ServiceC、For Your Eyes OnlyD、Dr. NoAnswer：D85、Which of the following is not one of the original Seven Wonders of the Ancient World?A、The Great Pryamid of GizaB、The Lighthouse of AlexandriaC、The Hanging Gardens of BabyloniaD、The Great Wall of ChinaAnswer：D86、What sport is the most common cuase of eye injuries in the U.S.?A、DartsB、FencingC、BaseballD、FootballAnswer：C87、What country is the most popular tourist destination in the world?A、SpainB、MexicoC、United StatesD、FranceAnswer：D88、Who won the BCS National Championship in 2010?A、AlabamaB、OregonC、AuburnD、MemphisAnswer：C89、In Windows, what is usually the shortcut to cut an object?A、Ctrl + qB、Ctrl + cC、Ctrl + zD、Ctrl + pAnswer：B90、In the tv series Boy Meets World, what was Alan's occupation?A、AttorneyB、Retail ManagerC、SalesmanAnswer：B91、Poland is situated on the southern end of what sea?A、Aegean SeaB、Baltic SeaC、Black SeaD、Norwegian SeaAnswer：B92、Shakespeare's parent's names wereA、John and Susan.B、Mark and Mary.C、John and Mary.D、Romeo and Juliet.Answer：C93、In The Lord of the Rings, the only way to destroy the Ring of Power is to throw it into the fires ofA、Mount Doom.B、Mount Mordor.C、Mount Moria.D、Mount Zion.Answer：A94、In what year were contact lenses invented?A、1976B、1930C、1900D、1955Answer：B95、What actor was a regular on the TV shows Star Trek and Mission Impossible?A、Barbara BainB、Walter KoenigC、Leonard NimoryD、William ShatnerAnswer：C96、Who studied under Socrates?A、AristotleB、PlatoC、AristophanesD、Alexander the GreatAnswer：B97、Who won Athlete of the Decade honors for the 1960's?A、Mickey MantleB、Wilt ChamberlainC、Arnold PalmerD、Johnny UniatasAnswer：C98、What business celebrity began his illustrious career by collecting and selling lost golf balls?A、Rupert MurdochB、Howard HughesC、Warren BuffettD、Michael DellAnswer：C99、What were the Tennessee Titans called before they moved their franchise to Nashville, TN?A、Houston OilersB、Tennessee BulldogsC、Miami FlippersD、Kentucky BluesAnswer：A100、Which fast food restaurant says that you can Have it your way?A、Burger KingB、Papa John'sC、SubwayD、Wendy'sAnswer：C。
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2015年西安理工大学博士秋季考试入学英语考试题型
一、公共英语部分(共60分):
1.阅读理解:3篇,每篇5道选择题,每题1分,共15分;
2.完型填空:一篇,共20空,每空0.5分,共10分;
3.汉译英:一篇短文,400字左右(科学研究方面的议论文),10分;
英译汉:一篇短文,400字左右(毅力方面的议论文),10分;
4.英语作文:给了一段材料,大意是有人认为上大学好而有人认为不好,用英语写出你自己的观点,200字左右,15分.
二、专业英语部分(共40分)
1.英译汉,5段独立的英语句子,翻译成汉语.每题4 分,共20分;
2.汉译英,5段独立的英语句子,翻译成英语.每题4 分,共20分.
感觉题量好大,真难啊.都做不完.考试时间是连续的3个小时.监考很严,每人一个写有自己报名信息的试卷袋,监考老师把你的信封发给
你本人,自己再核对确认无误后拆封.时间到了交卷时试卷和答题纸( 这个是每人的都一样)都放入试卷袋后整袋上交.
英语分数线55分左右.想要上的亲们得好好备考啊.。