2011年7月自考真题英语国家概况
英语国家概况课后习题答案完整版
英语国家概况课后习题答案完整版一、选择题（答案在下面）I. Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements.1.The two main islands of the British Isles are .A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2.is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3.According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of over million.A. 160B. 600C. 60D. 164.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland5.Almost a quarter of the British population lives in England.A. northeasternB. southeasternC. northwesternD. southwestern6.English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman7.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of wordsto English.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek8.The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish9.Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard formof .A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD. pronunciation10.At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifth11.The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic12.By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity13.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of .A. St. AugustineB. Edward the ConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great14.The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law15.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster16.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effortto .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over thechurch17.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians18.was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta19.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of thecentury.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th20.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning ofthe century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th21.The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three ofthe following branches with the exception of the .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive22.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on .A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude23.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House ofCommons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect24.British Cabinet works on the principle of .A. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending the individuals25.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet26.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six27.has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland28.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party29.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatismand .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism30.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved public transportationC. abolished the old tax systemD. enhanced the economic development31.The British economy achieved global dominance by the .A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880sD.1890s32.In , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish a welfarestate.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 194833.The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem34.Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher’s social welfarereform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions35.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspectsexcept .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality36.Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%37.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain and Ireland38.Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed in thecountry.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/339.The car industry in Britain in mostly .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD.privately-owned40.Of the following sectors in Britain, has experiencedspectacular growthsince the end of Word War II.A. agricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD. manufacturing industry41.In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools wereended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s42.About of British children receive primary and secondary educationthrough the independent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%43.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive theirremaining funds from all the following sources except .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions44.Of the following, is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’s universities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interviewD. school references45.To be admitted to the Open University, one need .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General National Vocational Qualifications46.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “BigThree” with the exception of .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph47.Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is popularamong 500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera48.is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB49.Of the following, is NOT a common feature of all the British holidays.A. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging good wishesC. friends enjoying each other’s companyD. families traveling overseas50.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomime51.The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is .A. poetryB. dramaC. novelD. pamphlet52.is viewed as Romantic poetry’s “Declarati on of Independence.”A. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”B. Don JuanC.“Preface to Lyrical Ballads”D. Prometheus Unbound53.Of Dickens’ novels, is considered autobiographical.A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC. Oliver TwistD. Great Expectations54.is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19th century.A. Robert Louis StevensonB. John MiltonC. Joseph ConradD. Thomas Hardy55.Of the following statements, is NOT correct in terms of Neo-Romanticism.A. It prevailed at the end of the 19th century.B. The writers were dissatisfied with the social reality.C. The writers believed in “Art for Art’s Sake”.D. Treasure Island was a representative work.56.is NOT included in the modernist group.A. Oscar WildB. Virginia WoolfC. William Butler YeatsD. T. S. Eliot57.Of the following books, was NOT written by Thomas Hardy.A. Jude the ObscureB. Tess of the D’UrbervillesC. Adam BedeD. The Return of the Native58.Of the following statements, is NOT correct about Virginia Woolf.A. She was a central figure of the “Bloomsbury Group”.B. She experimented with stream of consciousness.C. She was an influential feminist.D. Her masterpiece was The Rainbow.59.Of the following writers, is NOT a Nobel Prize winner.A. Samuel BeckettB. James JoyceC. William GoldingD. V. S. Naipaul60.Waiting for Godot is written by .A. Samuel BeckettB. George OrwellC. William GoldingD. D. H. Lawrence61.The United States has states on the continent.A. 50B. 49C. 48D. 3562.The state of is the largest in area of all the states.A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. TexasD. Florida63.The U. S. lies in North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to thesouth, the Atlantic to its and the Pacific to its .A. northern, east, westB. central, east, westC. southern, west, eastD. western, east, west64.The largest river in the U. S. is .A. the Missouri RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the Colorado River65.Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT arelocated .A. in the SouthB. along the Pacific CoastC. in New EnglandD. in the Midwest66.is located on the U. S. –Canadian border between Lake Erie and LakeOntario.A. Yellowstone National ParkB. The Grand CanyonC. Niagara FallsD. The Great Salt Lake67.The native Alaskan population includes the following except the .A. IndiansB. EskimosC. AleutsD. Blacks68.The largest minority in the United States is the .A. Pacific IslandersB. BlacksC. Native AmericansD. Asians69.The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the United States,particularly from .A. EuropeB. AsiaC. AfricaD. South America70.The characteristic of dominant American culture is .A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classB. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classD. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-class71.The first successful English colony in North America was founded atin .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia72.Pilgrim Fathers are a group of who came to America to avoid persecutionin England.A. ProtestantsB. PuritansC. CatholicsD. Christians73.The Seven Years’ War occurred between the .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians74.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies75.The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in .A. ConcordB. LexingtonC. PhiladelphiaD. Boston76.In May 1775, was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functionsof a national government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation77.Abraham Lincoln issued to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights78.The policy of the United States was at the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement79.President applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the GreatDepression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy80.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continuedthroughout the terms of Presidents .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson81.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 179382.The Constitution of the United States .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court83.The Bill of Rights .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution84.The following except are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.A. freedom of religionB. the right to get i nto people’s house by policeC. freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes85.All the following except cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President86.The following except are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders87.According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be .A. at least 35 years oldB. at least a 14 years’ resident of the United StatesC. born in AmericaD. all of the above88.The terms for a Senator and Representative are and yearsrespectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two89.The Supreme Court is composed of justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine90.The President is directly voted into office by .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representatives91.America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fieldsexcept .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals92.The modern American economy progressed from to , andeventually, to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy93.Chartered companies were NOT granted the by the British King or Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority94.The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urgeof .A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. Alexander Hamilton95.The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution”except .A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator96.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing various programslike the following except .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension97.About of American crops are for export.A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. one fifth98.The following statements are all true except .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports and exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.99.is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.A. FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD. American Motors100.At present, U. S. exports account for of the world’s total.A. 10%B. 15%C. 20%D. 25%101.Formal education in the United States consists of , secondary and higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private 102.Of the following subjects, are NOT offered to elementary school students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education 103.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University104.Of the following, are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges105.Of the following, is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees in U. S.institutions.A. choosing the presidentB. establishing policies for administrators and facultyC. approving budget and other financial projectD. decide which student to enroll106.To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the following except .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits107.Of the following universities, has NOT cultivated any American President yet.A. Harvard UniversityB. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyC. Princeton UniversityD. Yale University108.is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News109.Of the following, is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS)110.The National Day of the United States falls on .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th111.Of the following writers, are from the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods.A. Benjamin Franklin & Edgar Ellen PoeB. Edgar Ellen Poe & Jonathan EdwardsC. Benjamin Franklin & Jonathan EdwardsD. Edgar Ellen Poe & Washington Irving 112.is regarded as “the father of American literature”.A. James Fennimore CooperB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Thomas JeffersonD. Washington Irving113.Of the following, is NOT Nathaniel Hawthorne’s work.A. The Scarlet LetterB. The House of the Seven GablesC. The Marble FaunD. Nature114.Of the following, is considered Herman Melville’s masterpiece.A. The Last of the MohicansB. The Legend of Sleepy HollowC. Moby DickD. Daisy Miller115.Of the following, is NOT characteristic of Mark Twain’s works.A. colloquial speechB. a sense of humorC. a realistic viewD. an idealistic view116.Of the following writers, is NOT included in the group of naturalists. A. Stephen Crane B. Frank Norris C. Theodore Dreiser D. Herman Melville 117.F. Scott Fitzgerald’s finest novel is , and its theme is about .A. The Great Gatsby, the American DreamB. Tender is the Night, loveC. Tales of the Jazz Age, the loss of oneselfD. The Beautiful and the Damned, the evil of human nature118.Of the following books, is NOT written by Ernest Hemingway.A. The Sun Also RisesB. The Sound and the FuryC. A Farewell to ArmsD. For Whom the Bell Tolls119.Of the following writers, is Not a Nobel Prize winner.A. Alice WalkerB. Ernest HemingwayC. William FaulknerD. Eugene O’Neil 120.is the first African-American winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature. A.Ralph Ellison B. Tony Morrison C. Richard Wright D. James Baldwin选择题参考答案：第一章 A B C D B C D A C B第二章 D D B C C A B A C D三 C D B A B C C B D A四 C B A C D C D B A C五 D B B A B C C D D A六 B C B D C A C D B A八 C A B B C C D B A D九 C B C D B B C A C D十 B C B B C C D D D C十一 C C D D D D B B D A十二 C B B B D C B B B B十三 C D D C D D A B A B二、判断题及答案Chapter 11.The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. (T)2.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country.(F)3.Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language.(F)4.In terms of population and area,Northern Ireland is the second largest part of the United Kingdom.(F)。
英语国家概况自考真题近10年
英语国家概况自考真题近10年全国2010年7月自学考试英语国家概况真题课程代码：00522请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上，全部题目用英文作答I．MultipIe Choice Questions．(50 points，1 point for each)Directions：In this part of the test,there are 50 unfinished statements or questions．For eachof the unfinished statements or questions，four suggested answers marked A，B，C and D are given．Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question．Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet．1.Christianity was first brought to England by______.A.the RomansB.the CeltsC.the Anglo-SaxonsD.the Danes2.The names such as Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday and Friday came from______.A.ChristianityB.Teutonic religionC.DruidismD.Catho1icism3.At about 700 BC，______began to arrive in England from eastern and central Europe，now France，Belgium and southern Germany.A.the CeltsB.the Beaker FolkC.the RomansD.the Anglo-Saxons4.______made a treaty with the Danes allowing them to keep the northern and eastern parts of England，which later became known as the Danelaw.A.King EthelredB.King AlfredC.King EdwardD.King Harold5.Many hundreds of rebels were put to death by______ as he passed triumphantly with an army of 40，000 men through Kent and Essex.A.King Henry IIB.King RichardC.King JohnD.King Edward III6.For electoral purposes Britain is divided into ______ constituencies，each of which has ______ representative(s)in Parliament.A.651，oneB.561，twoC.651，twoD.561，one7.The Wars of the Roses broke out shortly after ______.A.the Black DeathB.the Watt Tyler’s UprisingC.the Hundred Years’WarD.the Glorious Revolution8.It was during the reign of______that the name Great Britain came into being in 1707.A.E1izabeth IB.Henry VIIIC.Charles ID.Anne9.Real religious Change came in Edward VI’s time.People call his switch to______ theology“the Reformation”.A.PuritanB.ProtestantC.CatholicD.Christian10.The English Civil War has been seen as a conflict between________.A.the Commons and the LordsB.the King and the BaronsC.the Parliament and the KingD.the Crown and the Church11.After William and Mary were crowned jointly in Westminster Abbey on their acceptance of the Bill of Rights，the age of_______ began.A.monarchyB.constitutional monarchyC.capitalismD.federal government12.As a result of the First World War settlement，the ______was established.A.League of NationsB.British CommonwealthC.British East India CompanyD.United Nations13.In Britain，the election of ________returned the________ to power and Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain.A.1979，Conservative PartyB.1983，Labor PartyC.1979，Liberal DemocratsD.1983，Democratic Party14.The House of Commons is headed by________.A.the Prime MinisterB.the SpeakerC.the Lord ChancellorD.the Monarch15.The Witan,the basis of the Privy Council was created by________.A.the CeltsB.the Anglo-SaxonsC.the NormansD.the Romans16.Which of the following is NOT one of the members of the Lords Temporal in the House of Lords?A.All hereditary peers and peeresses of England,Scotland,Great Britain and the United Kingdom.B.Life peers created to assist the House in its judicial duties.C.Senior bishops of the Church of England.D.All other life peers.17.Margaret Thatcher believed in the following EXCEPT________.A.self-relianceB.the strengthening of trade unionsC.privatizationD.the use of monetary policies to control inflation18.Established Churches in Britain are________.A.the Church of England and the Church of WalesB.the Church of Wales and the Church of ScotlandC.the Anglican ChurchesD.the Church of England and the Church of Scotland19.________appeal to people wanting news of more entertaining character in Britain.A.Popular newspapersB.Quality newspapersC.“Mid-market”newspapersD.Da ily newspapers20.________is the most popular sport in England and in Europe.A.RugbyB.TennisC.SnookerD.Football21.The Open University is a non-residential university based in the new town of________.ton KeynesB.GlasgowC.EdinburghD.Cambridge22.From 1980 to 1989,the population between the age of 25 and 44 increased by 28.1%in America because_____.A.those who were born during the period of large inflow of immigrants reached this age bracketB.those who were born after the World War II reached this age bracketC.those who were born during the World War I reached this age bracketD.those who were born before the World War II reached this age bracket23.On April 6,1789,George Washington was elected the President of America and took the oath of office in_____.A.Washington D.C.B.PhiladelphiaC.BostonD.New York24.After_____,the United States saw great developments in industry,agriculture,science and technology,and population.A.the Civil WarB.the War of IndependenceC.the Vietnam WarD.the Second World War25._____is a clear explanation of the political theory behind the revolution and this theory came from the British philosopher John Locke.A.The Articles of ConfederationB.The American ConstitutionC.The DeclarationD.The Bill of Rights26.Faced with the serious economic crisis,the _____ administration refused to take strong government action to soften the effects of the Great Depression.A.HooverB.RooseveltC.WilsonD.Truman27.As a result of_____,the United States had changed from a debtor nation to a creditor.A.the First World WarB.the Second World WarC.the War of IndependenceD.the Civil War28.The Progressive Movement refers to a number of diverse efforts at_____ reforms.A.political,social,and economicB.political,educational,and socialC.political,religious,and socialcational,religious,and economic29.Which of the following did NOT account for President Theodore Roosevelt’s contributions?A.The adoption of the Hepburn Act of 1906.B.The active use of the Sherman Antitrust Act.C.The withdrawal of 200 million acres of public land as forest reserve.D.The passage of the Federal Reserve Act.30.On June 5,1947,_____suggested that the U.S.should offer economic aid to Western Europe so as to protect the region from Soviet expansion.A.George MarshallB.Franklin D.RooseveltC.George KennanD.Harry Truman31.President Truman on March 21,1947 issued an executive order,initiating a comprehensive investigation of the loyalty of all federal employees.This was the beginning of _____.A.McCarthyismB.cleating out Soviet spiesC.widespread persecution of Communists and progressive peopleD.persecution of federal employees32.The slave system was formally ended by________in 1863 and the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865.A.the Bill of RightsB.the first ten AmendmentsC.Lincoln’s Emancipation ProclamationD.the Articles of Confederation33.After the_______,the United States replaced France and became the main force in providing aid for the South Vietnam government.A.Paris ConferenceB.Geneva ConferenceC.Yalta ConferenceD.Teheran Conference34.Which of the following is NOT associated with Halloween?A.“Trick or treat”.B.“Spring Break”.C.A night-time children’s holiday.D.Pumpkin lanterns.35.In _______masterpieces,Leaves of Grass,he praised the ideas of equality and democracy and celebrated the dignity,the self-reliant spirit and the joy of the common man.A.T.S.Eliot’sB.Walt Whitman’sC.Theodore Dreiser’sD.Ralph Waldo Emerson’s36.The American economy is characterized by a high degree of _______.A.free-market economy with a dominant public sectorB.planned economyC.monopolyernment involvement of economy37.The American Constitution is the oldest written constitution in the world.It was drawn up in 1787 and went into effect in_______.A.1788B.1789C.1790D.179138.Which is NOT the power of the President of the United States?A.He shares certain lawmaking powers with Congress.B.He is the Commander-in-chief of the armed forces.C.He can determine whether legislation conforms to the Constitution.D.He can give reprieves and pardons in federal criminal cases.39.Under _______to the United States Constitution,_______ takes the responsibility for education.A.the Tenth Amendment,the federal governmentB.the Thirteenth Amendment,the stateC.the Tenth Amendment,the stateD.the Thirteenth Amendment,the federal government40._______ embodies Thomas Jefferson’s belief that an education should be practical as well as liberal.A.The community collegeB.The vocational collegeC.The junior collegeD.The public college41.In the year 1845,_______marked the end of one era and the beginning of another in the social history of Ireland.A.the Great FamineB.EnclosureC.the Black DeathD.the English Renaissance42.Ireland is unique among European countries for_______.A.its small populationB.its beautiful sceneryC.its excessive rainfallD.its century-long population decline43.Under the Anglo-Irish Treaty,Britain established _______with dominion status in Ireland in 1921.A.the Anglican Church of IrelandB.the Irish Free StateC.the Irish Republican ArmyD.Fianna Fail44.New Zealand is just_______ of the International Date Line,so it is the first country to get the new day.A.southB.westC.eastD.north45.In the years that followed the Land Wars the basic philosophy of race relations became _______,rather than Maori self-determination.A.assimilationB.alienationC.disassimilationD.subjugation46.Who was the first European to discover Canada?A.John Cabot.B.Abel Tasman.C.Samuel de Champlain.D.James Cook.47.In 1931 by_______Canada was formally declared to be a sovereign nation and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.A.the Act of UnionB.the Statute of WestminsterC.the British North American ActD.the Constitution Act48.Since 1945 the Canadian government has adopted a policyof_______.A.free immigrationB.selected immigrationC.restricted immigrationD.encouraging immigration49.In Australia,_______is better known as the Great Dividing Range.A.the Eastern HighlandsB.the Great Western PlateauC.the Central Eastern LowlandsD.the Red Centre50.In Australia,the hot,dry environment has a great influence on the following EXCEPT_______.A.population distributionB.plantsC.animalsD.the built environmentII.Answer the Questions.(30 points,3 points for each)Directions:Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions.Write youranswers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.51.Who is directly responsible for the NHS in Britain?52.What is the peculiar feature of the feudal system of England?53.What is the significance of the expulsion of the English from France?54.What is the“winner-take-all”system?55.What mechanism did the writers of the American Constitution introduce to provide safeguards?56.Why were American children awarded the 1965 Nobel Peace Prize?57.How many geographical regions are there in Canada?What are they?58.What does the Outback usually refer to?59.What are many Maori people determined to do with Maoritanga?60.Why is Ireland also called the Emerald Isle?III.Term Explanation.(20 points,5 points for each)Directions:Explain each of the following terms in English.Write your answers in thecorresponding space on the Answer Sheet in around 40 words.61.the Black Death62.the Great Charter(1215)63.the Great Depression64.Boston Tea Party。
全国2011年7月高等教育自学考试综合英语一试题
全国2011年7月高等教育自学考试综合英语(一)试题课程代码：00794I．语法和词汇。
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将所选答案的字母填写在答题纸相应位置上。
(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)1. Everybody wants ______ properly for what they do.A. to payB. being paidC. to be paidD. to be paid for2. I’m sorry______the glass. But I really didn’t see it in my hurry.A. to have brokenB. to breakC. to have been brokenD. to be broken3. A: I don’t have any CD at home.B:______.A. Neither do IB. So do IC. Neither did ID. So did I4. ______ I waved to him again and again did he see me.A. UntilB. TillC. Not untilD. When5. Don’t tell the boss about it, ______ ?A. will youB. won’t youC. do youD. don’t you6. The teacher tried to make her class as enjoyable as possible______ the students would take agreater interest in the subject.A. soB. so thatC. thatD. since7. I found a man following me; ______ I turned around, he was always there.A. howeverB.whateverC. whileD. whenever8. The workers were made ______ like slaves.A. workB. workingC. to workD. for working9. Do you remember ______Tom about this before?A. to tellB. tellingC. to have toldD.tell10. Never______such a beautiful place before.A. did I seeB. had I seeingC. have I seenD.will I see11. I had no time the other day. Otherwise I ______ to visit you.A. would have comeB. would comeC. must have comeD. came12. As ______ matter of fact, there was ______ exploration in ______ last hours I visited.A. a, an, theB. the, an, aC. a, the, theD. the, an, the13. China is larger than ______ in Europe.A. some other countriesB. any other countriesC. any countryD. all countries14. Three days ______ too long for me to wait.A. isB. areC. takesD. take15. The manager ______him with responsibility for running the shop.A. madeB. leftC. toldD. let16. They called ______ the waiter in a loud voice.A. forB. toC. intoD. up17. There is no use _______that I should have worked harder.A. to sayB. to have saidC. having saidD. saying18. ______ to remind him, the church clock struck seven.A. As ifB. Even thoughC. Only ifD. So that19. We’re going to the countryside ______ next week.A. some timeB. sometimesC. sometimeD. some times20. He arranged ______ the letter to arrive on her birthday.A. atB. inC. toD. forI I．阅读理解。
2011年7月全国高等教育自学考试综合英语(二)试题答案范文
全国2011年7月高等教育自学考试综合英语(二)试题课程代码：00795请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上Ⅰ. 语法、词汇。
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个正确答案，并将所选答案的字母填写在答题纸相应位置上。
(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer. (15 points)1. ______ common in China even in very remote areas.A. Woman doctors areB. Woman doctor isC. Women doctor isD. Women doctors are2. Let’s discuss this matter ______ a cup of tea.A. overB. withC. atD. on3. The pen I bought yesterday ______.A. writes wellB. is written wellC. can’t be writtenD. can be writing4. At the beginning, this sort of thing was fresh and exciting, and then it fell into ______ and became habitual.A. customB. habitC. methodD. routine5. I’m afraid this shirt is too tight for me. May I have a ______ one?A. largeB. largerC. more largeD. very large6. In the early morning my mother was in the kitchen ______ breakfast for us.A. preparedB. preparingC. having preparedD. to have prepared7. New Zealand ______ the death penalty in 1961.A. erasedB. releasedC. abolishedD. negated8. — Would you and your brother like to play bridge tonight? —I don’t know how to play bridge and ______.A. my brother eitherB. my brother neitherC. neither does my brotherD. neither my brother9. Don’t wave my hand ______; you need it.A. offB. awayC. downD. up10. I’d rather he ______ me the truth.A. toldB. will tellC. had toldD. tells11. He was born ______ a teacher’s family.A. inB. offC. atD. of12. Distance can help us rediscover ourselves, ______ we are able to meet each other in a new way.A. thatB. so as toC. so thatD. in order that13. He ______ gardening and planted a lot of beautiful rose trees in his retirement.A. took overB. took outC. took onD. took to14. A few minutes after the plane had taken off, it developed engine trouble and ______.A. crashedB. dashedC. stoppedD. blushed15. The conference ______ three days by the time it ends.A. must have lastedB. will have lastedC. would lastD. has lastedII.完形填空。
自考英语国家概况---复习资料--英国国家概况知识点及经济篇英语国家概况经济篇文档.doc
英语国家概况经济篇%1.自然资源英国:Compare with many other countries,Britain has comsiderable reserves of coal.Today British coal mining is called a "sick" industry.Natural gas and oil was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under the North Sea.Britain was the first nation to build a large iron and steel industry.Rich deposits of iron ore were found in central England.As with the coal industry,Britain's steel industry is declining.美国:Fertile soil is one of the most important natural resouces in the United States.America's forest resources are among the world's largest.Another natural resource that contributes to the welfare of the country is water.America is the leaders in production of Coal,iron ore,cpper,oil,sulfur,lead and zine.But short for tin,manganese,and nikel.爱尔兰Ireland is now the largest producer of lead and zinc concentrates in Europe.While Ireland lacks sizeable oil deposits,it has a valuable energy source in the peat,or turt,bogs that cover extensive areas of the country.力口拿大:Water is one of the most important natural resources in Canada.Almost half of the land area of Canada is covered by forests. Canada ranks third,in the production of lumber and other forest products in the world.The largest producer of newsprint in the world.Canada is a primary world producer of nickle,zine and asbestoes,and comes second in potash,third in gold and fourth in copper.Canada is a major world supplier of uranium.Experts believe that the cold fields of Canada may be among the largest in the world.A great deposit of petroleum was discovered south of Edmonton in Alberta. About two thurdsof Canada's petroleum and about four fifths of its natural gas come from Alberta.澳大利亚:Australia is one of the world's biggest producers of minerals and metals.It has major deposits of bauxite,mineral sands,diamonds,and black and brown coal,and large reserves of ores containing gold,lead,zinc,iron,copper,nikel,manganese and uranium. It is the world largest exporter of coal,and a major exporter of uranium.新西兰:There is an increasingly large share of energy comes from local resources:natural gas,crude oil,hydroelectricity and geothermal steam. Coal is of growing importance.Solar energy,vegetable oils and ethylalcohol from fermentation make small contributions.%1.农业英国:The Britain were pioneers in modern agriculture and were among the first to bring science and machinery to farming.The new farming has been called "agribusiness" .There are mainly six farming types in Britain.They are arable farning,dairy fariming, stock farming,mixed farming,hill farming and market gardening.Because of the cool climate,apples,pears and plums grwo very well in Britain.The North Sea has very good fishing grounds.美国:Yet the United States grows nearly one fourth of the world's grain and supplies a half of all the exports of grain in the world.It ranks first,second,or third in the production and export of corn, wheat, rice, soybeans, oranges, meat,milk, apples,oats,cotton,tobaoo, peanuts,and edible vegetable oil.（具体的在什么地方种什么东西可以参照书上P289-291）爱尔兰:Agriculture generates anestimated 11% of the Ireland GNRemploys 17% of the labour force and produces 25% of total exports.The most signigicant recent development in Irish agriculture has been membership in the European Community.加拿大:The land used for agriculture makes up only 7 % in Canada. Canada farms specialize in producing wheat,food crops for animals dairy products,and fruit.Fishing and mining are quiteimportant.The Canada Prairie is the centre of a rich wheat belt.Eastern Canada is noted for a variety of farm products.Dairying is in the lowlands of Quebec and Ontario.Fruits are grown in Western Nova Scotia.澳大利亚:Today,agriculture is the nation's largest and most diverse industry. Australia is one of the world's leading producers of food and natural fibres. Australia is the world's largest exporter of wool,the second largest exporter of meat,the third largest exporter of wheat and a major international supplier of sugar,dairy products,fruits,cotton and rice.Australia's agriculture importance has declined in recent years.新西兰:Vineyards produce international award-winning red and white wines.%1.制造业，工业英国:The textile is one of Britain's oldest.Textiles were on of the country's most vauluable exports.Britain became a world leader in shipbuilding during the middle of the 19th century.The two main centres for shipbuilding were on the River Tyne near Newcastle,England and on the Clyde near Glasgow in Scotland.The Britain motor industry now dominated by four firms(Ford,the RoverGroup,GM-Vauxhall,and Peugeot)There are three areas in Britain which have seen some high-tech industrial growth. Scotland has Europe's largest collection of foreign-owned chip factories.Over 90% of the companies are from the U.S. A.,Japan,the Netherlands and germany.美国:The untied States ranks first,second,third or fourth in the world in the production of crude steel,passenger cars,commercial vehicles,chemi cals,radio sets,television sets,and other manufacturing goods.Manufacturing accounts for about one quarter of theGDRabout one quarter of the national income,and over one fifth of the work force.The industrial regions are the Midwest(the nations's leading centre of heavy industry) round the Great Lakes,the Middle Atlantic states,the South,and the Pacific Coast.爱尔兰:Since the 1961 s,manufactuing has become the mainstay of the Irish economy.Of industrial employment,66% are employed in manufacting.力口拿大:Manufacturing is the mst important economic activity in Canada.Food processing is the leading industry. The manufacture of transportation equipment ranks second. The production of paper and paper related products ranks third, metal products are also important.澳大利亚:The mining industry in Australia has faced new problems in recent years.Australia's service sector is the fastest-growing sector of industry.lt has been growing in importance in recent years.新西兰:There are two steel comanies:New Zealand Steel which uses iron sands from the west coast of North Island,and Pacific Steel which reuses scrap iron.New Zealand is a world leader in the CNA(compressed natural gas) industry.Garments,fabrics and carpets are exported.The fishing industry has expanded greatly and is now the 4th largest export earner.%1.对外贸易英国:Britain is the fifth largest trading country in the world.Napoleon called it a "nation of shopkeepers".Britain's foreign trade is mainly with other developed countries.which accounts for 79% of exports and 85% of imports. About half with EC.Traditionally,Britain has had a deficit on visible trade and a surplus on invisible trade.美国:Currenty U.S. exports are about 15% of the world's total.The Unites States imports about 13% of all world imports.Canada is the largest single source og goods imported by the U.S.‘accounting for nearly 30% of the total. Outside of North America,Europe is the largest source of imports with about 30%,Asia provides about 18%,with smaller percentages from Latin America,Africa,and Australia.爱尔兰:Successive Irish governments have adopted a consistent and postive approoach toward attracting overseas investment.The new foreign firms now account for over 70% of manufactured exports.Ireland is new an industrial exporter.Manufactured goods account for about two-thirds of total wxports.力口拿大:A total about four fifths of all foreign investments in Canada are American.澳大利亚:Australia is a middle-level trading nation.The main feature of Australia's trade is that it has always involved the exchange of raw materials for finished products.Australia's trade relations with China have been developing rapidly in recent years. China accouts for about 3% of Australian total exports.新西兰:Trade is New Zealand's linelihood.Foreign investment is increasing and financial markets are active.Western Europe and particularly Britain have traditionally been New Zealand's major export market.The main imports are industrial raw materials,capital equipment and consumer goods.New Zealand is the world's largest exporter of lamb and mutton as well as dairy products.%1.当今面临的问题英国:Britain is the oldest industrial country in the world.The term "Britain disease" is noew often used to characterise Britain's economic decline.The Evolution of the Britain Economy since the War: 1.Steady development in the 50s and 60s.2.Economic recession in the 70s.3.Economic recovery in the 80s.这里有一部分是撒切尔的宏，微观措施比较重要(P91-92)Irel and FiannaFail,TheSenate,美国:The Untied States has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector. So the economy system of the United States is principally privately owned.But today,many of American people still live under the poverty line.Unemployment,inflation,finacial deficit,and trade deficit are the troubles that always face the United States.爱尔兰:The value of imports generally exceeds that of exports. That's why Ireland has a chronic negative balance of trade.Continuing dependence on imported oil is one of the reasons for the high import bill.力口拿大:In the past few years ho we ver,C anada' s unemployment rate has been high.But what is worth nothing is that the cost for manufacturing has increased while the productivity per worker has decreased as compared with the United States or with its ten trading partners.While Canada has one of the world's highest standards of living,not all regions of the country have enjoyed the same degree of prosperity.Some measures have been taken by the Federal government to help those slow grownth regions. 澳大利亚:Problems of Australia economy: 1 .Over-reliance on commodityexports.2.Failure to share in the expansion of international trade.3.The decline of manufaturing industries and the effects of tariffs.Country Party system HousesBritain The conservative Party, The House of Commons The Labour Party The House of Lorbs The U.S. The Democrats, The Senate,The Republic The House of RepresentativesFine Gael The House of RepresentativesAustralia The Labour Party, The Senate,the Liberal and National Party The House of RepresentativesNew Zealand The National Party,The Labour Party The House of RepresentativesCanada The Liberal Party, The Senate,the Progressive Conservative Party The House of Representatives考试前注意事项考前准备：一、欲善其事，必先利其器。
英语国家概况(1)(2)100问及答案
英语国家概况（1）（2）100问1. "British history has been a history of invasion". Please illustrate this point with the examples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture ?2. What are some general characteristics of Scotland ?3. Describe Wales' unification with Great Britain.4. Are there any differences between England and Wales in terms of cultural tradition ?5. Why is Northern Ireland, according to the author, so significant in the United Kingdom? What is the political problem there?6. What are some of the factors in Irish and English history that affect the situation in Northern Ireland today?7. Different parties and groups in the United Kingdom have different solutions to the political problem in Northern Ireland. Please sum up their different attitudes.8. Has the author offered a solution to the political problem in Northern Ireland?9. What is the oldest institution of government?10. What is the name of the charter of liberty and political rights granted by King John in 1215?11. Do you think Elizabethan Drama occupies a significant position in British literature? Who is the most important figure in Elizabethan Drama? What are some of his major works?12. What do we call the group of important Parliamentarians?13. Which party forms the government and who becomes Prime Minister?14. What are some of the changes that have take place recently in the Chinese attitude towards sports? How do you account for these changes?15. For how many years is a general election held once in the UK?16. Who can stand for election as an MP?17. What are the three major parties? Which party is the party that spent most time in power?18. Which party does Tony Blair belong to?19. When was the British economy dominant in the world?20. By what time was the UK overtaken by other countries, such as the US and Germany?21. Which country does it refer to as "the Jewel in the Crown"? When did it gain its independence?22. What are some of the positive and negative effects of non-white immigrants on British society according to the author?23. What is the general situation of racial relations in the UK?24. Why is Geoffrey Chaucer, who wrote in Middle English, still read and studied today?25. When was the term "parliament" first used officially?26. The author says that "the media are central to British leisure culture", why does the author say so?27. What are some of the characteristics of British newspaper culture? In what way is it different from the United States?28. Is the British press free from the government control and censorship? What is the relationship between the British press and politics or business?29. How does the BBC operate? How is it different from American broadcasting systems?30. What are some of the features of Romantic Literature?31. What is Modernism? Can you illustrate your points with specific books as examples?32. What is Postmodernism? Can you illustrate your points with specific books as examples?33. How has the Christian church influenced British sports? Please pick up some examples from the text.34. What is the origin of football?35. How is the violence of "football hooligans" related to the British history of football?36. Why is cricket very English? Why does the author believe that cricket was associated with a set of English moral values?37. Christmas is the biggest and best-loved British holiday? How do the British celebrate thisholiday?38. How do the British celebrate the Queen's Birthday? What is the origin of this holiday?39. Bonfire Night is one truly English holiday. How and why do the English celebrate this holiday?40. How do the Protestants and Catholics celebrate their own holidays in Northern Ireland? What traditions are behind their celebrations?41. How is Hogmanay celebrated in Scotland? What other festivals are celebrated in Scotland?42. Which are the two most important and famous universities in Britain?43. What is the goal of education in the U.K.?44. Is the British education system run by the state or the private sector?45. Where do British universities receive their funds besides students tuition?46. Why does the author say that "the way the living arrangements of a society as a whole are organized tells us something about that society"?47. What are the four main types of home in Britain? How do they reflect the cost and status of homes? What are some of the major types of home in China?48. How are people in the UK divided into different classes?49. Is the class system similar with the United States?50. What and how did the British empire end? How did the British react to this reality?51. What are the foundations of Britain's foreign policy?52. How is Britain's foreign policy made? Does the government's foreign policy represent the desires of British citizens?53. Why does the author say that the decision to join the EC was and remains controversial in Britain?54. Why does the author think that Britain has the "special relationship" with the United States? Does this relationship still exist?55. What are some of the general characteristics of Australia in terms of land, people and culture?56. Discuss the climate in Australia. What are some of the major differences between Australia and China in terms of the climate?57. What are the six states of Australia? What are some of the major similarities or differences in terms of population, early settlement and economy in the six states?58. Can you point out some main differences between the Australian government system and the British government system?59. Discuss the Australian education system. What are some of the features in the system that are specifically Australian?60. What are some of the distinct features of New Zealand's geography? Find out similarities and differences in terms of geography between New Zealand and Australia.61. What are some of the similarities between New Zealand and Britain in the government system?62. How did modern development in Europe influence the settlement of North American colonies?63. What was the unique American phenomenon ? How did it come into being? Do you think it still exists in today's American society?64. In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?65. What are the two political parties in the United States? Do you think they are fundamentally different?66. What is the Bill of Rights? Do you think that it was necessary to write the Bill of Rights explicitly into the U.S. Constitution?67. Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? Was it necessary to change the Articles of Confederation and write a new constitution for the new nation of the United States at the time?68. What is a federal system? What are some of the major differences between a federal system and a confederation?69. What are some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the U.S. government? How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other?70. It is known to all that buying and selling stocks is a risky business. Why do you think there are still so many people involved in it?71. What promotes the diversity in American religion?72. In what way do you think that religious freedom was a historical necessity in the United States?73. What is the relationship between government and religion in America?74. What are some of the features in religion that are particularly American? What are some of the major differences between American religion and religion in Europe?75. What is the main theme in American literature according to the author? How does the author illustrate his point?76. Why did Mark Twain win so many readers both at home and abroad?77. What are the major characteristics of education in America?78. What are some of the major themes in novels written by the "Lost Generation"?79. What is the goal of education in the United States? Discuss the similarities and differences in Great Britain, the United States and China concerning the goals of education.80. What does an American student learn?81. What were the major social movements of the 1960s? And what was the historical background of the social movements of that decade?82. The black political movement that began as a force for integration changed course in the mid-1960s and began to emphasize black uniqueness and even black separatism. What caused this transformation?83. Draw analogies between the black revolution and the women's movement. What common assumptions do they share?84. The author says that the United States was founded on the principle of human equality, but in practice the nation has fallen far short of that ideal. Illustrate this point with what you have learned from this book.85. What does poverty mean in the United States ? Why is poverty a social problem in America?86. Why does the author emphasize that the invention of one technology has to be supported by a number of related technologies which form a supporting system? Give examples.87. When are the American football matches held?88. Why did a musical form of black origin gain acceptance in all classes in America and spread throughout the country?89. What are the contributions made by Louis Armstrong to the early jazz music?90. Why Canada is regularly rated as having the best standard of living in the world?91.What is the distinct feature in Canadian modern literature?92. Discuss the similarities and differences in the government systems between the U.K. and Canada.93. What are some of the characteristics of the Canadian party system?94. What are some of the things that make Canada a unique and interesting country?95. How do you understand "multiculturalism"?96. Why do you think the author says that Canada has avoided the worst excesses of intolerance and prejudice?97. What is the Canada's Place in the World Economy?98. Do you think the Canadian government should subsidize the inefficient Canadian farmers or import foodstuff from neighbouring American states?99. Why is the idea of survival thought of as the central symbol of Canadian literature? What does cultural survival mean in Canadian literature?100. What are the major reasons for Canada's active role in international organizations? And how does Canada play its active role?外国语学院：曾倩英语国家概况（1）（2）问题库答案1. British history has been a history of invasions. Before the first century AD Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people: a powerful culture originating in central Europe. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire, and England and Wales (though not Scotland or Ireland) became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years.Two more groups of invaders were to come after the English: from the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the ferociou s Vikings, threatened Britain's shores….2. Scotland is the second largest of the four nations, both in population and in geographical area. It is also the most confident of its own identity because alone amongst the non-English components of the UK it has previously spent a substantial period of history as a unified state independent of the UK. Thus it is not a big leap for the Scottish to imagine themselves independent again.Physically, Scotland is the most rugged part of the UK, with areas of sparsely populated mountains and lakes in the north (The Highlands), and in the south (The Southern Uplands). Three-quarters of the population lives in the lowland zone which spans the country between these two highland areas. The largest city is Glasgow, in the west of this zone. Scotland's capital city is Edinburgh, on the east coast forty miles away from Glasgow. It is renowned for its beauty, and dominated by its great castle on a high rock in the centre of the city. Both cities have ancient and internationally respected universities dating from the 15th century.3. Wales was always under pressure from its English neighbours, particularly after the Norman conquest, when Norman barons set up castles and estates in Wales under the authority of the English Crown. Some brief campaigns are the only times in history when Wales has existed as a unified independent nation.4.Yes, there are. The close long-standing relationship means that modern Wales lacks some of the outward signs of difference which Scotland possesses—its legal system and its education system are exactly the same as in England. Often official statistics are given for "England and Wales". However, Wales is different, and one of the key markers of that difference is the Welsh language—the old British Celtic tongue which is still in daily use.5. Until 1921 the full name of the UK was "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", not only "Northern Ireland", because the whole island of Ireland was politically integrated with Great Britain, and had been since 1801, while Britain's domination of the Irish dated back centuries even before that date. But Irish desires for an independent Irish state were never lost, andone of the key issues in late nineteenth century British politics was a campaign in parliament for what was called "home-rule"—Irish political control of Irish affairs. The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914, but the process was overtaken by the First World War and was suspended for the duration of the war.6. Along with the political campaign for home-rule there were groups who followed a more direct method of pursuing Irish independence, engaging in guerilla or terrorist activities against British institutions and the British military forces. During the First World War and immediately after, this activity increased, sometimes brutally suppressed by British forces.7. Margaret Thatcher's government did not give in to this demand for political status and 11 prisoners starved to death. This event revitalised the political campaign of Sinn Fein, the legal political party which supports the IRA's right to fight. Its leaders spoke of a twin campaign for union with Ireland, both political and military, which they called the policy of "The Bullet and the Ballot Box".8. The problem lay in the "commitment to peaceful methods" aspect of the possible talks. Province-wide elections are planned under a complex formula to ensure a wide range of representation on the body which will carry out these talks, in an attempt to give them legitimacy. Without the participation of Sinn Fein and the IRA it is hard to see them succeeding. Northern Ireland is poised on the brink—a new peaceful future, or a return to the violence that has claimed 3150 lives so far.9. The oldest institution of government is the Monarchy (rule by the king).10. It was a gang of feudal barons and the Church which opposed some of King John's (1199—1216) policies. This opposition was so powerful that the king finally granted them a charter of liberty and political rights, still known by its medieval Latin name of Magna Carta. Magna Carta placed some limits on the king's ability to abuse his royal power. This is still regarded as Britain's key expression of the rights of citizens against the Crown.11. Shakespeare is the most important figure at that time. He excels in each kind. The tragedies include Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. Among the comedies are The Taming of the Shrew, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Twelfth Night, and The Tempest. His history plays, based on English history, include Richard III, Richard II, Henry IV, and Henry V.Julius Caesar and Antony and Cleopatra are tragedies on classical themes.12. The House of Commons.13. The party that wins most votes in general election and the leader of this winning party would become Prime Minister.14. They more and more like sports….15. For five years.16. Anyone who is eligible vote to can stand as an MP. It is necessary only to make a deposit of 500 pounds (a quite easily obtainable amount in the UK) which is lost if the candidate does not receive at least 5% of the vote.17. There are three major national parties: The Conservative party and the Labour party are the two biggest, and any general election is really about which of those two is going to govern. But there is a third important party, the Liberal Democrats, who usually receive up to about 20% of the votes: not enough to form a government, but enough to have a big impact on which of the other two parties does so. The Conservative Party spent most time in power18. Tony Blair belong to Labor Party.19. By the 1880s the British economy was dominant in the world, producing one third of the world's manufactured goods, half its coal and iron, half its cotton.20. But even by 1900 this was no longer the case, the UK having been overtaken by both the United States and Germany; and certainly from 1945 until the present, the story of the UK economy is usually thought of as one of decline.21. India, popularly known as "The Jewel in the Crown" of the British Empire, gained its independence in 1947.22. This has a number of consequences for British society, mainly positive, though with some indirect negative effects. On the positive side such immigrant groups bring their culture with them,which increases the variety and interest within British culture: for example, the UK, which used to have a bad reputation for food, now has a cuisine as varied as any, with Indian and Chinese restaurants in every community, as well as many other varieties in bigger cities. This variety in restaurant food has resulted in more experimentation at home, so that shops now carry a much wider variety of goods to supply the demand, and there are many TV programmes and books devoted to all kinds of different cooking. The negative side of things lies largely in the attitude of some of their white neighbours.23. While there is a growing ethnic minority middle-class, and many individual success stories, by most measures the immigrant population is worse-off economically speaking than the white population as a whole. Individuals from ethnic minorities are more likely to be unemployed; and they are under-represented in politics too, though there are now a number of black and Asian MPs. But there are also a number of small political parties in the UK with overtly racist policies.24. With the Norman Conquest in 1066 Britain entered the Middle Ages (1066—1485), and the language of the royal court became French. So literature of that period was written in French or Latin. But one work from these times often studied today by middle school and college students is The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer (1343—1400). He was the first court poet to write in English.25. The word "parliament" comes from the verb "to parley", that is, to discuss or talk. The term was first used officially in 1236 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties and towns which the king occasionally summoned if he wanted to raise money.26. On an average day, 90 per cent of Britons over the age of 15 read a national or local paper. And in the evening, most Britons settle down to watch some television: 96 percent of the population watch TV at least once a week, making it Britain's most popular leisure activity. The third most popular pastime, after watching telly and reading newspapers, is listening to the radio, an activity in which 73 per cent of the population engages in on a weekly basis. It is obvious, then, that the media are central to British leisure culture.27. British newspaper culture is unusual in the extent to which class and educational differences are reflected in the newspapers people read. In other developed countries like Japan and the United States, newspaper reading is a mainly middle-class habit, but in Britain the "lower classes" are also regular readers.28. While officially speaking the British press is "free" from government control and censorship and can print what it likes, there are limits to what will appear in the daily paper.29. The British Broadcasting Corporation - more familiarly known as the BBC or even "the Beeb" - is Britain's main public service broadcaster The BBC is funded by licence fees and viewers must buy a license each year for their TV set.30. Roughly the first third of the 19th century makes up English literature's romantic period. Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason, which marked the 18th century. Perhaps the rather violent and ugly world about them drove 19th-century writers to a literary refuge.31. Modernism in literature can be seen as a reaction against the nineteenth century forms discussed above, which can be thought of as assuming understanding between writer and reader, resulting in the simple communication of an agreed version of the "world". This approach to writing is known as "Realism." Instead, Modernist writers express the difficulty they see in understanding and communicating how the world works. Often, therefore, Modernist writing seems disorganized, hard to understand. It often portrays the action from the viewpoint of a single confused individual, rather than from the viewpoint of an all-knowing impersonal narrator outside the action….32. Postmodernists can be thought of as abandoning that search. Meaning does not exist outside of the human head, likewise it does not exist inside a book, waiting to be discovered, instead it is made in the process of reading a book, or of making sense of the world….33. Tennis was invented in Britain and it owes its origins, literally, to the Church. Church records indicate that by the mid-fifteenth century, people were making a game of bouncing a ball off the side of their local churches or cathedrals, first using the hand, and later a racquet. This was called "tenys". Such antics sometimes offended the clergy who complained that the dignity and tranquility of the church was shattered by such games, but they also illustrate how central the church was to community life.34. There are legends that suggest that games like football and rugby actually derived from the "sport" of ancient warriors celebrating victory by kicking around the decapitated head of an enemy.There is a similar grisly tale told about origins of bowling: it is said that in ancient times, Scottish warriors rolled the skulls of their enemies along the grass for sport.35. Today, violence is still associated with football. "Football hooligans", supporters of rival teams, sometimes clash before, during and after matches and occasionally run riot through the town, breaking windows and beating each other up. Some football fans paint their faces and sing or chant football songs and it is not too difficult to imagine their warrior-ancestors.36. As generations of public school boys grew up to become the civil servants and rulers of the UK and its colonies, cricket became associated with a set of moral values, in particular the idea of "fair play" which characterised British government. Sir Ian Bancroft, a high level civil servant in the 1980s, remembered that when he began his career in Whitehall, one day his government minister was so angry that he threw the telephone at him. Sir Ian said he knew exactly how to respond: "having played cricket I was able to catch it and hand it back to him politely."37. Yes. Nowadays, Christmas is celebrated by most Britons by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaces with coloured lights, Christmas trees and ornaments.38. One of Britain's most impressive and colourful festivals happens on the second Saturday in June when the Queen's Birthday is officially celebrated by "trooping the colour" around Buckingham Palace in London.39. The English do not celebrate their famous writers or battles or patron saints, although they have all these things. However, one truly English holiday is Bonfire Night—sometimes called Guy Fawkes Night—celebrated in the early autumn.40. Another festival which comes from the 17th century battles between Catholics and Protestants is the Protestant celebration of their victory at the Battle of the Boyne (12 July) in 1690. Northern Irish Catholics celebrate the birthday of the patron saint of Ireland, St Patrick, on March 17 each year.41. While most British people welcome the coming of the New Year with parties, in Scotland, New Year's Eve called Hogmanay (31 December)—is the major winter celebration, and overshadows Christmas (called Yule in Scotland) which is a very quiet affair. How Hogmanay iscelebrated varies throughout Scotland, but one widely practised custom is "first footing". There is a superstitious belief that the first person to cross the threshold of a household in the New Year can bring luck and prosperity: the appearance of a young, preferably dark haired and handsome man, is considered particularly lucky. First footers often bring a bottle of spirits, alcohol, a lump of coal or a peat as a gift and are given a "dram of whisky" as their reward.42. Cambridge University and Oxford University.43. The goal of British education is to socialize children.44. The British education system run by the state.45. In the UK, the amount of funding each university receives is based on its size, the number of students it teaches, and the research it conducts. So far, the UK has only one privately funded university, the University of Buckingham.46. For individual members of any society the home they live in is of great importance in their lives. The way the living arrangements of a society as a whole are organized tells us something about that society—its standard of living, its social and familial structure, the distribution of wealth in a society—both in terms of geography and social hierarchy—and even something about that society's values and dreams.47. There are, broadly speaking, four main types of home. The first kind are "flats" (or apartments), of varying size, often in modern multi-storey purpose-built buildings, though sometimes made by sub-dividing big old houses. Flats are often publicly owned. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace o r row; the fourth one is “detached.”48. The British people are divided into classes economically, culturally, educationally and etc.49. What is distinctive about the British class-system, and which marks it as different from the American or Chinese social structure, is that it has also retained a hereditary aristocracy.50. Two world wars had seriously influenced its empire position. The end of the great British empire was surprisingly rapid. In 1946, Jordan, in the Middle East, was granted independence.The following year, India and Pakistan followed suit. In 1948, Burma and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) were granted independence and left the Commonwealth as well, refusing to recognise the British monarch as the head of their new states. Throughout the next few decades, the process of decolonisation continued as other territories and possessions received their independence or were returned to their rightful rulers.51. The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geopolitical traits. Perhaps the most important single factor which influences British policy-makers is its history.52. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain's foreign policy. The main government department involved is of course the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), but many other government ministries also play a part in formulating and executing the government's decisions.53. The decision to join the EEC was very controversial; and today, Britain's participation in the European Union, as it is now called, remains controversial. At the centre of the controversy is the fact that it is not clear what the European Union(EU) is and what it will become. The UK has always been very interested in encouraging free trade between countries and is therefore very supportive of the EU as a free trade area.However, the UK has always been less enthusiastic about giving up its national sovereignty (that is, its control over national decision-making) to a European government.54. Another major factor which influences British foreign policy is its relationship with the United States. This was quite natural, as the two were closely allied during World War II, and continued to work together closely in the post war years because they shared many of the same worries about the Soviet Union. Even today, in many respects British and American policy-makers agree generally on, for example, how the global economy should be managed, how a warlike state should be dealt with, issues about arms control and so on.55. Australia is the world's smallest continent and largest island, a relatively young nation established in an ancient land. Its development represents a triumph over remoteness and a harsh landscape…56. Australia is the driest inhabited continent and its rainfall varies extremely geographically and。
00522自考英语国家概况-试卷（答案全面）
00522⾃考英语国家概况-试卷（答案全⾯）⾃考课程综合测验英语国家概况试卷（课程代码 00522 ）⼀、单项选择题（每⼩题2分，共40分） 1. is the largest island in Europe.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. IrelandD. Great Britain 2. The UK is bordered on the south by . A. the North Sea B. the English Channel C. the Irish Sea D. the Atlantic Ocean 3. The capital of the UK is .A. EdinburghB. LondonC. LiverpoolD. Birmingham 4. The longest rivers in Britain are the Thames and .A. the MerseyB. the River HumberC. the SevernD. the Tyne River 5. The first known settlers of Britain were the .A. CeltsB. Anglo-SaxonsC. RomansD. Iberians 6. It is that brought the new religion, Christianity, to Britain.A. the RomansB. the CeltsC. the Anglo-SaxonsD. the Viking and Danish Invasions 7. Among the following groups of people, the came to Britain first. A. Jutes B. Angles C. Saxons D. Normans8. The Conquest in 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history. A. Roman B. Viking C. Anglo-Saxon D. Norman9. Under , the feudal system in England was completely established. A. Edward I B. Henry II C. King Alfred D. William the Conqueror 10. The Magna Carta was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between .A. the Crown and the BaronsB. the king and the parliamentC. the aristocrats and the middle classD. the monarch and the working people 11. The name of the Hundr ed Years’ War is given to the intermittent war between .A. France and EnglandB. Spain and EnglandC. Germany and EnglandD. America and England12. in the 14th century was the modern name given to the plague, an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas.A. Brid FluB. Black DeathC. Yellow FeverD. Scarlet Fever 13. was above all responsible for the religious reform in England.A. Alfred the GreatB. Edward IC. Henry VIIID. William the Conqueror 14. declared that he, and not the Pope, was the Supreme Head of the Church of England in 1535.A. James IB. Charles IC. James IID. Henry VIII 15. Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, was Elizabeth I ’s . A. sister B. daughter C. cousin D. half-sister 16. The English Renaissance was largely .A. literaryB. politicalC. religiousD. philosophical 17. The Chartist movement was the first nationwide movement.A. working classB. lower middle classC. upper middle classD. upper class18. The Seven Years’ War was fought between Britain and for the colonization in North America. A. Spain B. Russia C. Holland D. France19. During the late 18th and early 19th centuries the system ended when the Enclosure Acts were introduced. A. tenant B. feudal C. open-field D. enclosed field 20. modified and improved the design of the steam engine in 1765.A. James WattB. Abraham DarbyC. Richard ArkwrightD. Henry Court⼆、论述题（15分）Describe the geographical position of the UK.三、论述题（15分）What do you know about King Alfred? What makes him worthy of the title of “Alfred the Great?年级班级准考证号姓名四、论述题（15分）What were the contents and the significance of the Great Charter?五、论述题（15分）What do you know about land enclosures in Britain?答案：。
《英语国家概况》自考真题及答案解析
《英语国家概况》自考真题及答案解析卷面总分：80分答题时间：70分钟试卷题量：40题一、单选题（共40题，共0分）1.Britain has, for centuries, been slowly tilting with ________.• A.the North-West slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinking• B.the North-East slowly rising and the South-West slowly sinking• C.the South-East slowly rising and the South-West slowly sinking• D.the South-West slowly rising and the North-East slowly sinking 正确答案：A2.Which often following statements is not true about British coal mining?• A.Brition has used up almost all coal deposits• B.The demand for British coal has declined.• C.Petroleum, water power, and electric power replacing coal for many purposes.• D.The old British mines are narrow and deep, making it difficult to use machines正确答案：A3.For electoral purposes Britain is divided into 659 constituencies, eachof whichreturns ________to the House of Commons.• A.one member• B.two members• C.three members• D.four members正确答案：A4.In the 1970s oil was discovered in ________, but the revenue from oil didnot create an economic for Britain.• A.the English Channel• B.the Irish Sea• C.St. George's Channel• D.the North Sea正确答案：D5.In Britain, ministers are appointed by the Queen on therecommendation of ________.• A.the Lord Chancellor• B.the Prime Minister• C.the Speaker• D.the Parliamentary Commissioner正确答案：B6.Thanks to the militant feminist movement of the suffragettes beforethe First World War, votes were granted to women over the age of________ in 1918.• A.18• B.20• C.30• D.35正确答案：C7.The objective of the Chartist Movement was democratic rights for allmen, and it took its name from “________ ”.• A.The Bill of Rights• B.The Agreement of the People• C.The People's Charter• D.The Great Charter正确答案：C8.In the 1960s pop music underwent a revolution when ________ becameworld famous and turned their home town of Liverpool into a place of pilgrimage.• A.teh Beach Boys• B.the Rolling Stone• C.the Animals• D.the Beatles正确答案：D9.The Tories were the forerunners of ________, which still bears thisnickname today• A.the Labour Party• B.the Conservative Party• C.the Liberal Party• D.the Social Democratic Party正确答案：B10.In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ________ number ofseats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.• rgest• B.second largest• C.third largest• D.fourth largest正确答案：B11.In the United Kingdom,police officers are not allowed to join ________or to go on strike.• A.a trade union• B.a choir• C.apolitical party• D.a club正确答案：A12.Agricltural changes in the late 18th and early 19th centuries inEngland were so great that they were worthy of the term “________ ”.• A.reform• B.evolution• C.revolution• D.reformation正确答案：C13.The Mississippi, which is sometimes called ________, has played a vitalrole in the history of the United States.• A.“Old Man River ”• B.“Moon River ”• C.“Old Father River ”• D.“Mother of the United States ”正确答案：A14.The largest and smallest states of the United States are ________.• A.Alaska and Rhode Island• B.Texas and Maine• C.Texas and Rhode Island• D.Alaska and Maine正确答案：A15.A trend that occurs at the same time with the movement to the Southand the Weast of the United States is ________.• A.the flow of people to sunbelt area• B.the flow of peole from small cities to big cities• C.the growth of small towns• D.the outflow of city residents from the core cities to the suburbs 正确答案：D16.The average life expectancy of the Red Indians is ________.• A.higher than the national average• B.lower than the national average• C.about the same with the national average• D.none of the above正确答案：B17.The three Puritan traditions are ________.• A.religious tolerance, respect for achievement and respect for learning • B.religious dissent aggressiveness and respect for learning• C.religious intolerance, respect for achievement and respect for learning • D.religious intolerance, aggressiveness, respect for achievement 正确答案：C18.In 1900, the United States ranked first in the world in the productionof ________.• A.coal• B.electricity• C.oil• D.wheat正确答案：A19.During the Second World War, Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill met at________.• A.Teheran, Yalta and Potsdam• B.Teheran and Yalta• C.Yalta, Potsdam and Berlin• D.Teheran and Potsdam正确答案：B20.The New Frontier and War on Poverty were put forward respectivelyby ________.• A.Eisenhower and Kennedy• B.Johnson and Nixon• C.Johnson and Kennedy• D.Kennedy and Johnson正确答案：D21.The origin of the American party system can be traced to ________.• A.the struggle between the Royalists and revolutionaries in the War of Independence• B.the constitutional debate between the Federalists and the anti--Federalists• C.the struggle between those who upheld slavery and those who opposed slavery• D.none of the above正确答案：B22.The functions of institutions of higher education in the U.S. are________.• A.research and teaching• B.teaching and degree awarding• C.professional training, teaching and public service• D.teaching, research and public service正确答案：D23.In “Song of Myself ”, Whitman writes that ________.• A.woman is not worth mentioning• B.woman is not as great as man• C.woman as the mother of human beings is the greatest• D.none of the above正确答案：C24.The theme of Thanksgiving has always been ________.• A.friendship and happiness• B.peace and plenty• C.cooperation and rich reward• D.love and happiness正确答案：B25.Australia is located between ________ and the Indian Ocean.• A.the South Pacific Ocean• B.the Atlantic Ocean• C.the North Sea• D.the Arctic正确答案：A26.Australia, which is one of the world's developed countries, hasbecome rich through ________.• A.manufacturing industries• B.farming and mining• C.service industries• D.forestry and fishing正确答案：B27.Australian Aborigines believed in a creative period, usually referred toin English as ________.• A.teh Dreamland• B.the Dreaming• C.the Beginning of the World• D.the Beginning of the Universe正确答案：B28.As far as Australian culture is concerned, the history of Australia canbe divided into the following phases with the exception of ________.• A.the period of the original culture of Aboriginal people• B.the period of the dominant British culture• C.teh period of Asian culture• D.the period of a multicultural society正确答案：C29.The Mabo Judgement passed by Australia's High Court in June 1992overturned the concept of terra nullius, which means ________.• A.“land belonging to no one ”• B.“land unknown to everyone ”• C.“Wonderland ”• D.“Dreamtime ”正确答案：A30.During the 1990s many Australians called for their nation to become arepublic with ________.• A.a president replacing the British monarch as head of state• B.a prime minister replacing the governor--general as head of government• C.a governor-general replacing the British monarch as head of state• D.a president replacing the governor- general as head of government 正确答案：A31.The longest river in Canada is ________.• A.the Mackenzie• B.the St. Lawrence• C.teh Severn• D.the Yukon正确答案：A32.Why were the French troops in Canada defeated by the British duringthe Seven Years' War?• A.Because they were not used to the weather in Cananda.• B.Because they did not get support from the local people.• C.Because they did not receive the supplies they needed so badly.• D.Because the British had larger and better settlements in Canada.正确答案：C33.Which of the following is not true about Canada's manufacturingtoday?• A.Manufacturing is the most important economic activity in Canada.• B.Transportation equipment ranks as the nation's leading manufactured product.• C.Food processing is still important but it is no longer Canada's chief man ufacturing industry• D.The production of paper and paper related products is no longer important in Canada's manufacturing.正确答案：D34.When was the referendum on Quebec's future status held in Canada?• A.1994• B.1995• C.1996• D.1997正确答案：B35.Since 1971 the Canadian government has adopted a policy of ________,recognizing that cultural pluralism within a bilingual framework is the essence of the Canadian identity.• A.assimilation• B.integration• C.multiculturalism• D.gender equality正确答案：C36.In Canada the federal governments have always been formed by________.• A.the Liberal Party• B.the Progressive Conservative Party• C.either the Liberal Party or the Progressive Conservative Party• D.both the Liberal Party and the Progressive Conservation Party 正确答案：C37.What is Ireland called in Irish?• A.Irea• B.Aire• C.Eare• D.Eire正确答案：D38.What are Ireland's chief exports?• A.Foodstuffs(especially beef), electrical machinery, and chemicals.• B.Wool, dairy products and fruit.• C.Motor vehicles, electrical machinery and petroleum.• D.Coal, mining equipment and textiles.正确答案：A39.A fault line runs the length of New Zealand, which means that it oftenhas________.• A.floods• B.volcanic eruptions• C.earthquakes• D.droughts正确答案：C40.Which of the following is not true about the political system of NewZealand?• A.New Zealand has a written constitution.• B.New Zealand has a parliamentary government and a constitutional monarchy.• C.New Zealand follows the British parliamentary system with some variations.• D.New Zealand Parliament has only one chamber.正确答案：C。
7月英语国家概况自考试题（2）
7月英语国家概况自考试题（2）2012年7月英语国家概况自考试题2012年7月英语国家概况自考试题I. Multiple Choice Questions. (50 points, 1 point for each) Directions: In this part of the test, there are 50 unfinished statements or questions. For each of the unfinished statements or questions, four suggested answers, marked A. B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet.1. Which of the following is NOT a geographical name of Britain?A. The United KingdomB. Great BritainC. EnglandD. The British Isles2. The Romans remained in control of Britain for nearly _____ years.A. 600B. 500C. 400D. 2003. Which of the following statements is NOT true about Alfred?A. Alfred the Great started the English navy.B. Alfred the Great reorganized the Saxon army, making it more efficient.C. Alfred the Great established schools and formulated alegal system.D. Alfred the Great imposed a tax, called the Danegeld, on the Saxons.4. After the Glorious Revolution came the Age of the _____, a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament.A. CommonwealthB. Constitutional MonarchyC. English colonial expansionD. Hereditary Monarchy5. According to Magna Carta no tax should be made without the approval of _____.A. the House of LordsB. the KingC. the Grand CouncilD. the House of Commons6. _____, a dramatist and poet, is generally regarded as the greatest writer in the English language.A. Charles DickensB. Christopher MarloweC. William ShakespeareD. Charlotte Bronte7. After the Restoration, British Parliament passed a series of severe laws called the Clarendon Code against the _____, now known as Nonconformists.A. ChristiansB. ProtestantsC. PuritansD. Catholics8. Elizabeth I reigned England, Wales and Ireland for _____years and remained single.A. 25B. 30C. 40D. 459. After the Wars of the Roses the rule of _____ began.A. the PlantagenetB. the YorkistsC. the StuartsD. the Tudors10. _____ was the forerunner of the Conservative Party.A. The Liberal PartyB. The WhigsC. The ToriesD. The Labor Party11. The First World War was fought between two European power blocs: the “Central Powers” and the “Allies”. The “Allies” include the following EXCEPT _____.A. BritainB. FranceC. RussiaD. Austria-Hungary12. In 1982, the Falkland Islands War broke out between Britain and _____.A. ArgentinaB. BrazilC. PeruD. Chile13. Which of the following abo ut UK’s monarchy is NOT true?A. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy.B. There is no written constitution in the United Kingdom.C. Today the Queen holds the real power in UK.D. The continuity of the monarchy has been broken only once.14. In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the second largest number of seat in the House of Commons becomes _____.A. the official OppositionB. the leading partyC. the predominant partyD. the “shadow cabinet”15. The Sovereign’s coronation takes place at _____ in London.A. Westminster AbbeyB. Canterbury AbbeyC. York AbbeyD. Northanger Abbey16. The _____ is made up of statute law, common law and conventions.A. British ConstitutionB. American ConstitutionC. Commonwealth lawD. European Community law17. There is no Ministry of Justice in the United Kingdom. General responsibility lies with the following EXCEPT _____. A. the Lord Chancellor B. the Home SecretaryC. the Attorney GeneralD. the Prime Minister18. _____ provides for every resident, regardless of income, a full range of medical services. It has become available in Britain since 1948.A. The Social Security BenefitsB. The National Health ServiceC. The Civil ServiceD. The National Insurance Fund19. In summer there are open-air theatres, including one in London’s Regent’s Park, where _____ are performed.A. William Shakespeare’s playsB. Christopher Marlowe’s playsC. Ben Johnson’s playsD. George Bernard Shaw’s plays20. Snooker is thought to have been invented by _____A. Sir Winston ChurchillB. Sir Neville ChamberlainC. Sir Charlie ChamberlainD. Sir John Churchill21. The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S. is_____.A. the IndiansB. the JapaneseC. the ChineseD. the Blacks22. The place where Christopher Columbus landed was _____ .A. IndiaB. the islands in AsiaC. the current territory of AmericaD. the islands in the now West Indies23. The great international influence of _____is that the colonies in Spanish America rose up one after another to overthrow Spanish colonial rule.A. the American Civil WarB. the Vietnam WarC. the American War of IndependenceD. the Korean War24.In the early 1850s with the Westward Movement, the _____ issue became a serious political issue because it might tip the balance of power in the Senate.A. slaveryB. immigrationC. territoryD. Indian25. Which of the following is NOT the main cause for the American government to declare war on Germany in the World War I?A. Germany refused to give up its submarine warfare.B. Germany tried to get Mexico into the war against the United States.C. Germany promised Mexico the return of lost territory of Texas.D. Japan launched the bombing of the Pearl Harbor.26. In 1932, in the depth of the depression, the American people chose _____as their next president who promised a “new deal” to get America out of the depression.A. Theodore RooseveltB. Franklin D. RooseveltC. Woodrow WilsonD. Herbert C. Hoover27. In the Second World War American diplomacy largely was American diplomacy towards _____.A. Germany and ItalyB. Germany and JapanC. Britain and the Soviet UnionD. Britain and France28. The real purpose of the Marshal Plan is_____.A. to prevent Greece and Turkey from falling into the hands of the Soviet UnionB. to support any country which said it was fighting against CommunismC. to help Western Europe recover from the Great DepressionD. to prevent Western Europe from possible Soviet expansion29. _____ was a full-scale, anti-Communist hysteria in the United States in the1950s.A. Free Speech MovementB. The Progressive MovementC. The Civil Rights MovementD. McCarthyism30. Which war turned out to be the longest war the U.S. fought?A. The Korean WarB. The World War IIC. The World War ID. The Vietnam War31. After the Vietnam War, the contradiction between Congress and the Executive resulted in the passage of ______.A. the Smith ActB. the War Power ActC. the Civil Rights ActD. the Voting Rights Act32. On April 30 1789, George Washington took the oath of office in ______ which housed the first American government. A. New York B. WashingtonC. PhiladelphiaD. Boston33. The American policy towards the Soviet Union after the Second World War was ______ .A. cooperationB. neutralityC. containmentD. impartiality34. The writers of the Constitution worked out ______ in order to prevent the government from misusing its power.A. the Declaration of IndependenceB. the Bill of RightsC. the “winner-take-all” systemD. checks and balances35. The presidential term in the U.S. is four years beginning on ______.A. November 20B. November 12C. January 12D. January 2036. On Independence Day, some people bring their children to visit the birth place of thenation——________A. Washington D.C.B. New York CityC. PhiladelphiaD. Boston37. According to the U.S News & World Report and other journals’ evaluation, ______onthe west coast are the best research universities.A. Harvard and YaleB. Princeton and ColumbiaC. California and MITD. Stanford and Berkley38. _____ is the largest single source of goods imported by the United States.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. AsiaD. Latin America39. Theodore Dreiser was the literary representative of American ______ .A. RomanticistsB. TranscendentalistsC. ModernistsD. Naturalists40. _____was the first American writer who gained international fame.A. Washington IrvingB. Benjamin FranklinC. Nathaniel HawthorneD. Mark Twain41. The most significant feature of Irish landscape is ______.A. lakesB. bogsC. low ridgesD. rivers42. Who was the first English king to bring all Ireland under English control?A. Henry IIB. Henry IIIC. Henry VIIID. James II43. From east to west ten provinces and two territories in Canada can be divided into ______ geographical regions.A. fourB. fiveC. sixD. seven44. Which of the following is NOT one of the Prairie Provinces in Canada?A. ManitobaB. British ColumbiaC. SaskatchewanD. Alberta45. It was _____ who established the first French settlement in Quebec City in 1608.A. Henry HudsonB. John CabotC. Jacques CartierD. Samuel de Champlain46. Although Australia has a large area, _____ of the continent is hot and dry.A. one thirdB. two thirdsC. halfD. more than half47. _____ is famous for its art festival.A. SydneyB. MelbourneC. AdelaideD. Brisbane48. Which of the following states in Australia is known as the garden state?A. QueenslandB. New South WalesC. TasmaniaD. Victoria49. The first European to visit New Zealand was ______.A. Abel TasmanB. Captain James CookC. Christopher ColumbusD. Amerigo Vespucci50. The _______ is a national symbol in New Zealand.A. kiwiB. native owlC. tuataraD. lizardII. Answer the Questions. (30 points, 3 points for each) Directions: Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.51. What is the difference between the ancestors of the English and Scots, Welsh and Irish?52. What was the impact of the Wars of the Roses on feudalism in England?53. What is the main function of the House of Lords?54. What are the major racial and ethnic minorities in the United States?55. What is Emerson’s view of man and nature?56. What kind of system is the American economy based on?57. Why did the population of Ireland decrease from the 1840s until about 1970?58. What are the two most important provinces in Canada?59. Which is Australia’s largest lake?60. What is partly the reason for New Zealand to have changeable weather and tobe often windy?III. Term Explanation. (20 points, 5 points for each) Directions: Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet in around 40 words.61. Domesday Book62. Thatcherism63. “Great Compromise” of 178764. Halloween。
(完整版)英语国家概况_谢福之_课后答案
英语国家概况（谢福之主编）课后答案一、选择题（答案在下面）I. Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements.1.The two main islands of the British Isles are .A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2.is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3.According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of over million.A. 160B. 600C. 60D. 164.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland5.Almost a quarter of the British population lives in England.A. northeasternB. southeasternC. northwesternD. southwestern6.English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman7.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of words toEnglish.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek8.The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish9.Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of .A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD. pronunciation10.At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifth11.The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic12.By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity13.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of .A. St. AugustineB. Edward the ConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great14.The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law15.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster16.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort to .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church17.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians18.was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta19.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th20.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th21.The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of thefollowing branches with the exception of the .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive22.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on .A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude23.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect24.British Cabinet works on the principle of .A. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending the individuals25.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet26.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six27.has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland28.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party29.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism30.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved public transportationC. abolished the old tax systemD. enhanced the economic development31.The British economy achieved global dominance by the .A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880sD.1890s32.In , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish a welfare state.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 194833.The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem34.Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher’s social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions35.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality36.Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%37.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain and Ireland38.Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/339.The car industry in Britain in mostly .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned40.Of the following sectors in Britain, has experienced spectacular growth since theend of Word War II.A. agricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD. manufacturing industry41.In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by theintroduction of comprehensive schools in the .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s42.About of British children receive primary and secondary education through theindependent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%43.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remainingfunds from all the following sources except .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions44.Of the following, is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’s universities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interviewD. school references45.To be admitted to the Open University, one need .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General National V ocational Qualifications46.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “Big Three”with the exception of .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph47.Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera48.is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB49.Of the following, is NOT a common feature of all the British holidays.A. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging good wishesC. friends enjoying each other’s companyD. families traveling overseas50.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomime51.The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is .A. poetryB. dramaC. novelD. pamphlet52.is viewed as Romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence.”A. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”B. Don JuanC.“Preface to Lyrical Ballads”D. Prometheus Unbound53.Of Dickens’ novels, is considered autobiographical.A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC. Oliver TwistD. Great Expectations54.is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19th century.A. Robert Louis StevensonB. John MiltonC. Joseph ConradD. Thomas Hardy55.Of the following statements, is NOT correct in terms of Neo-Romanticism.A. It prevailed at the end of the 19th century.B. The writers were dissatisfied with the social reality.C. The writers believed in “Art for Art’s Sake”.D. Treasure Island was a representative work.56.is NOT included in the modernist group.A. Oscar WildB. Virginia WoolfC. William Butler YeatsD. T. S. Eliot57.Of the following books, was NOT written by Thomas Hardy.A. Jude the ObscureB. Tess of the D’UrbervillesC. Adam BedeD. The Return of the Native58.Of the following statements, is NOT correct about Virginia Woolf.A. She was a central figure of the “Bloomsbury Group”.B. She experimented with stream of consciousness.C. She was an influential feminist.D. Her masterpiece was The Rainbow.59.Of the following writers, is NOT a Nobel Prize winner.A. Samuel BeckettB. James JoyceC. William GoldingD. V. S. Naipaul60.Waiting for Godot is written by .A. Samuel BeckettB. George OrwellC. William GoldingD. D. H. Lawrence61.The United States has states on the continent.A. 50B. 49C. 48D. 3562.The state of is the largest in area of all the states.A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. TexasD. Florida63.The U. S. lies in North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, theAtlantic to its and the Pacific to its .A. northern, east, westB. central, east, westC. southern, west, eastD. western, east, west64.The largest river in the U. S. is .A. the Missouri RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the Colorado River65.Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are located .A. in the SouthB. along the Pacific CoastC. in New EnglandD. in the Midwest66.is located on the U. S. –Canadian border between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.A. Yellowstone National ParkB. The Grand CanyonC. Niagara FallsD. The Great Salt Lake67.The native Alaskan population includes the following except the .A. IndiansB. EskimosC. AleutsD. Blacks68.The largest minority in the United States is the .A. Pacific IslandersB. BlacksC. Native AmericansD. Asians69.The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the United States,particularly from .A. EuropeB. AsiaC. AfricaD. South America70.The characteristic of dominant American culture is .A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classB. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classD. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-class71.The first successful English colony in North America was founded at in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia72.Pilgrim Fathers are a group of who came to America to avoid persecution inEngland.A. ProtestantsB. PuritansC. CatholicsD. Christians73.The Seven Years’ War occurred between the .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians74.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies75.The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in .A. ConcordB. LexingtonC. PhiladelphiaD. Boston76.In May 1775, was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of anational government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation77.Abraham Lincoln issued to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights78.The policy of the United States was at the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement79.President applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy80.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout theterms of Presidents .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson81.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 179382.The Constitution of the United States .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court83.The Bill of Rights .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution84.The following except are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.A. freedom of religionB. the right to get into people’s house by policeC. freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes85.All the following except cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President86.The following except are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders87.According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be .A. at least 35 years oldB. at least a 14 years’ resident of the United StatesC. born in AmericaD. all of the above88.The terms for a Senator and Representative are and years respectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two89.The Supreme Court is composed of justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine90.The President is directly voted into office by .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representatives91.America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fieldsexcept .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals92.The modern American economy progressed from to , and eventually,to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy93.Chartered companies were NOT granted the by the British King or Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority94.The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge of .A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. Alexander Hamilton95.The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution”except .A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator96.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing various programs like thefollowing except .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension97.About of American crops are for export.A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. one fifth98.The following statements are all true except .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports and exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.99.is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.A. FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD. American Motors 100.At present, U. S. exports account for of the world’s total.A. 10%B. 15%C. 20%D. 25%101.Formal education in the United States consists of , secondary and higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private102.Of the following subjects, are NOT offered to elementary school students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education103.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University104.Of the following, are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges105.Of the following, is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees in U. S.institutions.A. choosing the presidentB. establishing policies for administrators and facultyC. approving budget and other financial projectD. decide which student to enroll106.To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the following except .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits107.Of the following universities, has NOT cultivated any American President yet.A. Harvard UniversityB. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyC. Princeton UniversityD. Yale University108.is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News109.Of the following, is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS) 110.The National Day of the United States falls on .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th111.Of the following writers, are from the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods.A. Benjamin Franklin & Edgar Ellen PoeB. Edgar Ellen Poe & Jonathan EdwardsC. Benjamin Franklin & Jonathan EdwardsD. Edgar Ellen Poe & Washington Irving 112.is regarded as “the father of American literature”.A. James Fennimore CooperB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Thomas JeffersonD. Washington Irving113.Of the following, is NOT Nathaniel Hawthorne’s work.A. The Scarlet LetterB. The House of the Seven GablesC. The Marble FaunD. Nature114.Of the following, is considered Herman Melville’s masterpiece.A. The Last of the MohicansB. The Legend of Sleepy HollowC. Moby DickD. Daisy Miller115.Of the following, is NOT characteristic of Mark Twain’s works.A. colloquial speechB. a sense of humorC. a realistic viewD. an idealistic view116.Of the following writers, is NOT included in the group of naturalists.A. Stephen CraneB. Frank NorrisC. Theodore DreiserD. Herman Melville 117.F. Scott Fitzgerald’s finest novel is , and its theme is about .A. The Great Gatsby, the American DreamB. Tender is the Night, loveC. Tales of the Jazz Age, the loss of oneselfD. The Beautiful and the Damned, the evil of human nature118.Of the following books, is NOT written by Ernest Hemingway.A. The Sun Also RisesB. The Sound and the FuryC. A Farewell to ArmsD. For Whom the Bell Tolls119.Of the following writers, is Not a Nobel Prize winner.A. Alice WalkerB. Ernest HemingwayC. William FaulknerD. Eugene O’Neil 120.is the first African-American winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature.A.Ralph EllisonB. Tony MorrisonC. Richard WrightD. James Baldwin选择题参考答案：第一章 A B C D B C D A C B第二章 D D B C C A B A C D三 C D B A B C C B D A四 C B A C D C D B A C五 D B B A B C C D D A六 B C B D C A C D B A八 C A B B C C D B A D九 C B C D B B C A C D十 B C B B C C D D D C十一 C C D D D D B B D A十二 C B B B D C B B B B十三 C D D C D D A B A B二、判断题及答案Chapter 11.The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. (2.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country.(3.Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language.(4.In terms of population and area,Northern Ireland is the second largest part of the United Kingdom.5.The longest river of Britain originates in Wales.(6.Because of political troubles,Northern Ireland has been quite significant among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom.(7.Though the climate in Britain is generally mild,the temperature in northern Scotland often falls below --10C in January.(8.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo--Saxons.()9.The Celtic people are the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(10.English changed into what is described as Modern English from the late 16th century.(Chapter 21.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.(3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.()5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.( )6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.( )7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.( )8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople. )9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans foe trade and territory. )10.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(Chapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the working of the British government. )2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.( )3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(4.British Parliament is the law--making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House.( )6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected. )7.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.( )8.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(9.British law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law.(10.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(Chapter 41.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.( )2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period. )3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain.(4.Thatcher's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the British econimic and social problems.( )5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that of the Labor party and the Conservative Party.( )6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy.( )7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.( )8.The fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britain's demand for fish.(9.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.( )10.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.( )Chapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.( )3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system.( )4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSE examination.( )5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools.( )6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain.( )7.Most British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening. )8.The Times is the world's oldest national newspaper( )9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.( )10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions. )Chapter 61.The Canterbury Tales is a representative work of the Old English Period.(2.Renaissance is characterized by admiration of the Greek and Latin classics.( )3.Hamlet depicts the hero's struggle with two opposing forces: moral integrity and the need to avenge his father's murder.(4.Alexander Pope was a great English poet who also translated Homer's Iliad.( )5.Jonathan Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language, and Robinson Crusoe is his masterpiece.( )6.William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge brought the Romantic Movement to its height.( )7.Lord Byron distinguished himself by the musical quality of his short poems, such as "Ode to the West Wind".( )8.Jane Austen was a well--known novelist of the stream of consciousness school.(9.Joseph Conrad is classified as a forerunner of Modernism, which prevailed before World War II.( )10.V.S.Naipaul detailed in his works the dual problems of the Third World: the oppression of colonialism and the chaos of postcolonialism.( )Chapter 71.The Republic of Ireland occupies the entire area of the island of Ireland.( )2.The earliest inhabitants in Ireland were Celtic tribes from Europe.( )3.In the 1800s, Ireland gained in prosperity because it became a part of Britain.( )4.In the 1930s, Ireland was not indeed a republic,but belonged to the Commonwealth of Nations.( )5.To support the government's neutrality in World War II, there was no Irishman participating in the war.( )6.With the help of Britain, Ireland entered the EEC in 1973 without difficulties.( )7.In 1949, Britain recognized the independence of the Irish Republic and returned the six northern countries.( )。
英语国家概况自考题-12_真题-无答案
英语国家概况自考题-12(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Ⅰ1. Strictly speaking, "the British Isles" refers to ______.A. Great Britain B. Ireland C. the United Kingdom D. Great Britain and Ireland2. The capital of Britain is ______.A. Cardiff B. London C. Belfast D. Dublin3. About a hundred years ago, as a result of its imperialist expansion, Britain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the world's people and ______ of the world's land area.A. half B. one third C. one fourth D. one fifth4. The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in ______.A. 1840 B. 1931 C. 1913 D. 19455. The Commonwealth of Nations is a free association of independent count, tries that were once colonies of Britain. At present there are ______ countries within the Commonwealth (1991).A.30 B. 40 C. 50 D. 606. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the ______ and the North Sea in the east.A. east B. west C. south D. north7. The ______ tribes are ancestors of the highland Scots, the Irish and the Welsh.A. Danish B. Celtic C. Anglo-Saxon D. Viking8. Those who began to invade Britain about 700 BC and **ing until the arrival of the Romans have been known as the ______ in history.A. Normans B. Italians C. Anglo-Saxons D. Celts9. Among the three tribes of the **ing to Britain, the most industrious and vigorous of the Celtic tribes was the ______.A. Gaels B. Brythons C. Belgae D. Vikings10. The Celts' religion was ______.A. Roman Catholic B. Druidism C. Christianity D. Norman belief11. It is ______ that brought the new religion, Christianity, to Britain.A. the Romans B. the Celts C. the Anglo-Saxons D. the Viking and Danish Invasions12. During the fifth century when the Roman Empire fell, the Germanic ______ invaded and conquered Britain.A. Angles and Celts B. Angles and Picts C. Angles and Britons D. Angles and Saxons13. In the mid-5th century, a new wave of Teutonic invaders came to Britain. The three tribes were ______, ______ and ______.A. Gaels, Scots, Belgae B. Picts, Beaker folk, Gaels C. Celts, Scots, Welsh D. Jutes, Saxons, Angles14. Which of the following statements about Roman Britain is true? ______A. The Romans remained in control of Britain for over 500 years. B. The Romans never treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class. C. During the four centuries, Romans and Britons had a lot of intermarriages. D. The Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britons.15. The word Heptarchy is used to describe the situation in England in the 6th century when ______.A. the country was divided into seven kingdoms B. the country was fighting against invaders C. troops of invaders arrived in large numbers D. many warlords were fighting each other16. The names of Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday derive from the name of ______ gods.A. Christian B. the U.S. C. Germany D. Canada17. The first Christian Church was built at ______ in England.A. London B. Manchester C. Canterbury D. Oxford18. The first Christian church in England was built with the support of ______, the King of Kent in 579.A. Alfred the Great B. King Arthur C. The Saxons D. Ethelbert19. Historically, ______ were ferocious people, but they laid the foundations of the English state.A. the Celts B. the Vikings C. the Anglo-Saxons D. the Normans20. The Anglo-Saxons established the ______ system, whereby the lord of the manor collected taxes and organized the local army.A. slave B. feudal C. manorial D. capitalist21. The Norwegian Vikings and the Danes from Denmark attacked various parts of England from the end of the ______ century.A. 7th B. 8th C. 9th D. 10th22. ______, King of Wessex, is known as "the father of British Navy" who founded a strong fleetwhich first beat the Danes at sea.A. Alfred B. Henry C. Edward D. William23. King Edward was known as "the Confessor" and his piety led him to build ______.A. the Tower of London B. the Parliament Building C. Westminster Abbey D. the Church24. The battle between English troops led by Harold and the Norman troops led by William was fought at ______ in ______.A. London, 899 B. Canterbury, 1016 C. York, 875 D. Hastings, 106625. When Edward, the Confessor died, the Witan chose ______ as English King.A. Duke William B. Edith C. Harold D. Tostig26. Of the following four kings, ______ died most tragically.A. King Edward B. King Egbert C. King Harold D. King Alfred27. The ______ Conquest in 1066 is perhaps the best known event in English history.A. Roman B. Viking C. Anglo-Saxon D. NormanⅡ1. Why can England represent the whole Britain?2. What are the three political divisions on the island of Great Britain?3. What is the cause of the decline of the British Empire?4. When did the Celts arrive in Britain?5. How long was Britain under the Roman occupation?6. When did the recorded history of Britain begin?7. What were the names of two great walls built by the Romans?8. How did the Anglo-Saxons invade England?9. What was the relationship between the Kingdoms in period of Heptarchy?10. Who formally brought Christianity to Britain? And when?11. Why is King Alfred known as "the father of the British navy"?12. What was King Edward (1042—1066) known as?13. What is the significance of the Norman Conquest?Ⅲ1. the Celts2. Witan3. William the Conqueror。
2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试（附答案）
2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试（附答案）绝密★启用前2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试劳动关系与争议处理试卷(专科)本试卷为不分卷，共15页，满分100分，考试时间120分种。
试卷全部为选择题，应考者必须在“答题卡”上的“选择题答题区”按要求填涂，答在试卷上无效。
l、下列哪个选项属于我国目前法律修改的劳动关系中所指的劳动C P8A、个体劳动者和合伙人的劳动B劳教人员和战俘的劳役劳动C、教师的劳动D现役军人的军工劳动2.从广义上讲，劳动关系的主体包括: B P10\11\12①雇员②雇主③雇员团体④雇主组织⑤政府A.①②③⑤B. ①②③④⑤c. ①②④⑤D ①②③④3.劳动关系就其构成形态而言，可以分为个别劳动关系和集体劳动关系。
集体劳动关 D P13\14系的特点为;①人格上的从属性②经济上的从属性③明确的团体利益④独立自主性A、①②B、②③C.②④D. ③④4._是冲突最明显的表现形式，是工人被压抑的敌视情绪的宣泄方式 C P20A、权利义务的协商B.游行示威C.罢工D、诉诸法律手段5.经济危机带来了失业率上升，引起的裁员减薪很容易造成劳动双方起纠纷，这说明 D P22了______对冲突的重要影响。
A.“客观”的工作环境B、管理政策和实践C.文化差异D.宏观经济环境和政府政策6、下列哪一个选项属于自由竞争资本主义时期劳动关系的特点C P26A.工业民主化、集体谈判制度和三方协商机制的出现-B．国家的劳动行政管理工作获得了空前的发展C.劳资矛盾表现为尖锐的阶级对抗和激烈的阶级冲突D．战争、危机和革命极大地影响着这一阶段劳资关系的发展7.按照从政治趋向上的“右翼”(保守)到‘左翼”(激进)的顺序排列为 D P29A、管理主义学派、正统多元论学派、新保守派、激进派、自由改革主义学派B.管理主义学派、新保守派、正统多元论学派、激进派、自由改革主义学派C.新保守派、管理主义学派、正统多元论学派，激进派，自由改革主义学派D.新保守派、管理主义学派、正统多元论学派、自由改革主义学派、激进派8.下列哪项不是新保守主义政策的负面影响表现? AA．整体福利水平低B.贫困指标高C.工时长D.贫富差距扩大9.根据马克思的观点，下列哪一选项不是导致阶级之间的贫富两极分化的原因 C P41A .工厂规模的扩张使工人向大型工作场所集聚，机器大工业使工人的阶级同一性更加明显B.大企业更具经济实力，具有一定的规模经济效应，有能力将小的竞争者从市场上驱逐出去C.为实现利润最大化，资本家总是想方设法建立劳动密集型企业D．尽管随着时间的推移，生产率的提高会带来工人阶级整体生活水平的上升，但这与资本家从工人身上剥削的剩余价值相比，微乎其徽10．20世纪上半叶普遍采用的物质生产技术导致了工作的高度分工和规范化，并使工作C P44\45具有以下特征，(1)工作本身并不需要工人具有很多技能。
英语国家概况课后习题答案完整版
英语国家概况课后习题答案完整版一、选择题（答案在下面）I. Choose the one that best completes eachof the following statements.1.T he two main islands of the British Islesare .A. Great Britain and IrelandB.Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD.Great Britain and England2. is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC.Aberdeen D. Cardiff3.A ccording to a 2005 estimate, Britain nowhas a population of over million.A. 160B. 600C. 60D.164.A mong the four parts of the United Kingdom,is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland5.A lmost a quarter of the British populationlives in England.A. northeasternB. southeasternC. northwesternD. southwestern6.E nglish belongs to the group ofIndo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC.Germanic D. Roman7.T he introduction of Christianity toBritain added the first element of words to English.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutchand GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latinand Greek8.T he evolution of Middle English wasreinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish9.S amuel Johnson’s dictionary wasinfluential in establishing a standardform of .A. grammarB. handwritingC.spelling D. pronunciation10.At present, nearly of theworld’s population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifth11.The attack on Rome ended theRoman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic12.By the late 7th century, becamethe dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB.Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity13.Westminster Abbey was built at the timeof .A. St. AugustineB. Edward the ConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great14.The marked the establishmentof feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law15.The end of the Wars of the Roses led tothe rule of .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster16.The direct cause for the ReligiousReformation was King Henry VIII’s effort to .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church 17.The English Civil War broke out in 1642between .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians18. was passed after the GloriousRevolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta19.The Industrial Revolution wasaccomplished in Britain by the middle of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th20.Britain faced strong challenges in itsglobal imperial dominance by the beginning of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th21.The British government is characterizedby a division of powers between three of the following branches with the exception of the .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive22.The importance of the British monarchycan be seen in its effect on . A. passing the bills B. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude23.As a revising chamber, the House ofLords is expected to the House of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC.criticize D. inspect24.British Cabinet works on the principleof .A. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending the individuals25.The main duty of the British PrivyCouncil is to .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC.pass bills D. supervise the Cabinet26.In Britain, the parliamentary generalelection is held every years. A. three B. four C. fiveD. six27. has a distinct legal systembased on Roman law.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland28.Generally speaking, the BritishParliament operates on a system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party29.The policies of the Conservative Partyare characterized by pragmatism and .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism30.The Labor Party affected the Britishsociety greatly in that it .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved public transportationC. abolished the old tax systemD. enhanced the economic development31.The British economy achieved globaldominance by the .A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880sD.1890s32.In , the British Parliamentpassed two important acts to establish awelfare state.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 194833.The in the early 1970s worsenedan already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. highinflation ratesC. large importsD.unemployment problem34.Of the following practices,does not belong to Thatcher’s socialwelfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions35.The Blair government has beensuccessful in all the following aspects except .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality36.Britain has devoted of its landarea to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%37.Britain’s important fishing areasinclude all the following except .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain and Ireland 38.Coal mining industry in Britainprovides of the energy consumedin the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D.2/339.The car industry in Britain inmostly .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC.joint-venture D. privately-owned40.Of the following sectors in Britain,has experienced spectacular growth sincethe end of Word War II.A. agricultureB. energy industryC.service industry D. manufacturingindustry41.In Britain, the division betweengrammar schools and vocational schoolswere ended by the introduction ofcomprehensive schools in the .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s42.About of British childrenreceive primary and secondary educationthrough the independent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%43.Partially funded by central governmentgrants, the British universities receive their remaining funds from all the following sources except .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions 44.Of the following, is NOT abasis of admission to Britain’s universities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interviewD. school references45.To be admitted to the Open University,one need .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General NationalVocational Qualifications46.Among Britain’s quality press, thefollowing newspapers are regarded as the“Big Three”with the exceptionof .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph47.Life on Earth is a kind ofprogram produced by the BBC and is popularamong 500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC.documentary D. soap opera48. is Britain’s top paytelevision provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD.BSkyB49.Of the following, is NOT acommon feature of all the Britishholidays.A. families getting togetherB.friends exchanging good wishesC. friends enjoying each other’s companyD. families traveling overseas50.The following Christmas traditions areparticularly British except . A. Trooping the Color B. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomime51.The most significant achievement of theEnglish Renaissance is .A. poetryB. dramaC. novelD. pamphlet52. is viewed as Romantic poetry’s“Declaration of Independence.”A. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”B. Don JuanC.“Preface to Lyrical Ballads”D. Prometheus Unbound53.Of Dickens’novels, isconsidered autobiographical.A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC. Oliver TwistD. GreatExpectations54. is a representative of EnglishCritical Realism at the turn of the 19thcentury.A. Robert Louis StevensonB. JohnMiltonC. Joseph ConradD. ThomasHardy55.Of the following statements,is NOT correct in terms ofNeo-Romanticism.A. It prevailed at the end of the 19th century.B. The writers were dissatisfied with thesocial reality.C. The writers believed in “Art for Art’s Sake”.D. Treasure Island was a representativework.56. is NOT included in themodernist group.A. Oscar WildB. VirginiaWoolfC. William Butler YeatsD. T.S. Eliot57.Of the following books, was NOTwritten by Thomas Hardy.A. Jude the ObscureB. Tessof the D’UrbervillesC. Adam BedeD. The Returnof the Native58.Of the following statements,is NOT correct about Virginia Woolf.A. She was a central figure of the “Bloomsbury Group”.B. She experimented with stream of consciousness.C. She was an influential feminist.D. Her masterpiece was The Rainbow.59.Of the following writers, isNOT a Nobel Prize winner.A. Samuel BeckettB. James JoyceC.William Golding D. V. S. Naipaul60.Waiting for Godot is writtenby .A. Samuel BeckettB. George OrwellC. William GoldingD. D. H. Lawrence61.The United States has states onthe continent.A. 50B. 49C. 48D.3562.The state of is the largest inarea of all the states.A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. TexasD. Florida63.The U. S. lies in North America,with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, the Atlantic to its and the Pacific to its .A. northern, east, westB. central, east, westC. southern, west, eastD. western, east, west64.The largest river in the U. S.is .A. the Missouri RiverB. theMississippi RiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the Colorado River65.Some of the world famous universitieslike Harvard, Yale and MIT are located .A. in the SouthB. along the Pacific CoastC. in New EnglandD. in the Midwest66. is located on the U. S.–Canadian border between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.A. Yellowstone National ParkB. The Grand CanyonC. Niagara FallsD. The Great Salt Lake67.The native Alaskan population includesthe following except the .A. IndiansB. EskimosC. AleutsD. Blacks68.The largest minority in the UnitedStates is the .A. Pacific IslandersB. BlacksC.Native Americans D. Asians69.The Immigrants Act of 1924 restrictedthe further immigration into the UnitedStates, particularly from .A. EuropeB. AsiaC. AfricaD. South America70.The characteristic of dominant Americanculture is .A. English-speaking, northern European,Roman Catholic and middle-classB. English-speaking, western European,Roman Catholic and upper-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classD. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-class71.The first successful English colony inNorth America was founded at in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB.Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD.Plymouth, Georgia72.Pilgrim Fathers are a group ofwho came to America to avoid persecutionin England.A. ProtestantsB. PuritansC.Catholics D. Christians73.The Seven Years’ War occurred betweenthe .A. French and American IndiansB.French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD.British and American Indians74.“No taxation without representation”was the rallying slogan of .A. the settlers of VirginiaB.the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD.the people of the 13 colonies75.The first shots of the American War ofIndependence were fired in .A. ConcordB. LexingtonC.Philadelphia D. Boston76.In May 1775, was held inPhiladelphia and began to assume thefunctions of a national government.A. the First Continental CongressB.the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation77.Abraham Lincoln issued togrant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD.Bill of Rights78.The policy of the United States wasat the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement79.President applied New Deal todeal with the problems of the GreatDepression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC.Roosevelt D. Kennedy80.The Vietnam War was a long-timesuffering for Americans, and it continuedthroughout the terms ofPresidents .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson81.The U. S. Constitution came into effectin .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 179382.The Constitution of the UnitedStates .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power tobalance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court83.The Bill of Rights .A. defines the rights of Congress and therights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United Statesspecific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution84.The following except areguaranteed in the Bill of Rights.A. freedom of religionB. the right to get into people’s house bypoliceC. freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one’s weapon if onewishes85.All the following exceptcannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President86.The following except are allpowers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacanciesoccurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders87.According to the Constitution, acandidate for President must be .A. at least 35 years oldB. at least a 14 years’ resident of theUnited StatesC. born in AmericaD. all of the above88.The terms for a Senator andRepresentative are and years respectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC.two, six D. six, two89.The Supreme Court is composed ofjustices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine90.The President is directly voted intooffice by .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representatives91.America produces a major portion of theworld’s products in the following fields except .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals92.The modern American economy progressedfrom to , and eventually, to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy93.Chartered companies were NOT grantedthe by the British King or Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority94.The first National Bank of the UnitedStates was established with the urge of .A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. Alexander Hamilton95.The following inventions took placeduring the “second industrial revolution” except .A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator96.President Johnson tried to build a“Great Society” by introducing various programs like the following except .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension97.About of American crops are forexport.A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. one fifth98.The following statements are all trueexcept .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports and exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.99. is not one of the three giantsin American automobile industry.A. FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD. American Motors100.A t present, U. S. exports account for of the world’s total.A. 10%B. 15%C. 20%D.25%101.F ormal education in the United States consists of , secondary and highereducation.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private102.O f the following subjects, are NOT offered to elementary schoolstudents.A. mathematics and languagesB.politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD.music and physical education103.H igher education in the United States began with the founding of .A. Yale UniversityB.Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. NewYork University104.O f the following, are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges105.O f the following, is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees in U. S. institutions.A. choosing the presidentB. establishing policies for administrators and facultyC. approving budget and other financial projectD. decide which student to enroll106.T o get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the following except .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits107.O f the following universities, has NOT cultivated any American Presidentyet.A. Harvard UniversityB. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyC. Princeton UniversityD.Yale University108. is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has areputation for its serious attitude andgreat bulk.A. The Washington PostB. TheNew York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. NewYork Daily News109.O f the following, is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks inAmerica.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS) 110.T he National Day of the United States falls on .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th111.O f the following writers, are from the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods.A. Benjamin Franklin & Edgar Ellen PoeB. Edgar Ellen Poe & Jonathan EdwardsC. Benjamin Franklin & Jonathan EdwardsD. Edgar Ellen Poe & Washington Irving 112. is regarded as “the father of American literature”.A. James Fennimore CooperB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Thomas JeffersonD. Washington Irving113.O f the following, is NOT Nathaniel Hawthorne’s work.A. The Scarlet LetterB. TheHouse of the Seven GablesC. The Marble FaunD. Nature 114.O f the following, is considered Herman Melville’s masterpiece.A. The Last of the MohicansB. The Legend of Sleepy HollowC. Moby DickD. Daisy Miller 115.O f the following, is NOT characteristic of Mark Twain’s works.A. colloquial speechB. a sense of humorC. a realistic viewD. an idealistic view116.O f the following writers, is NOT included in the group of naturalists.A. Stephen CraneB. Frank NorrisC. Theodore DreiserD. Herman Melville117.F. Scott Fitzgerald’s finest novel is , and its theme is about .A. The Great Gatsby, the American DreamB. Tender is the Night, loveC. Tales of the Jazz Age, the loss of oneselfD. The Beautiful and the Damned,the evil of human nature118.O f the following books, is NOT written by Ernest Hemingway.A. The Sun Also RisesB. The Sound and the FuryC. A Farewell to ArmsD. For Whom the Bell Tolls119.O f the following writers, is Not a Nobel Prize winner.A. Alice WalkerB. Ernest HemingwayC. William FaulknerD. Eugene O’Neil120. is the first African-American winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature.A.Ralph EllisonB. Tony MorrisonC. Richard WrightD. James Baldwin选择题参考答案：第一章 A B C D B C D A C B第二章 D D B C C A B A C D三 C D B A B C C B D A四 C B A C D C D B A C五 D B B A B C C D D A六 B C B D C A C D B A八 C A B B C C D B A D九 C B C D B B C A C D十 B C B B C C D D D C十一 C C D D D D B B D A十二 C B B B D C B B B B十三 C D D C D D A B A B二、判断题及答案Chapter 11.The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. (T)2.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country.(F)3.Today more than half of the people in Walesstill speak the ancient Welsh language.(F) 4.In terms of population and area,Northern Ireland is the second largest part of the United Kingdom.(F)5.The longest river of Britain originates in Wales.(T)6.Because of political troubles,Northern Ireland has been quite significant among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom.(T)7.Though the climate in Britain is generally mild,the temperature in northern Scotland often falls below --10C in January.(F) 8.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo--Saxons.(T)9.The Celtic people are the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T)10.English changed into what is described as Modern English from the late 16th century.(F)Chapter 21.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.(T)3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(T)4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.(T)5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.(F)6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T) 8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F)9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans foe trade and territory.(F)10.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(T)Chapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the working of the British government.(F)2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4.British Parliament is the law--making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F)5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House.(T)6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)7.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)8.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F)9.British law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law.(T)10.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(F)Chapter 41.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period.(T)3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain.(F)4.Thatcher's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all theBritish econimic and social problems.(F) 5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that of the Labor party and the Conservative Party.(T)6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy.(T)7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.(F)8.The fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britain's demand for fish.(T)9.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F) 10.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.(T)Chapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(F)cation in Britain is compulsory for allchildren between the ages of 6 and 15.(F) 3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system.(F)4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSE examination.(T)5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain.(T)7.Most British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening.(T)8.The Times is the world's oldest national newspaper(F)9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christiancalendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions.(T)Chapter 61.The Canterbury Tales is a representative work of the Old English Period.(F)2.Renaissance is characterized by admiration of the Greek and Latin classics.(T)3.Hamlet depicts the hero's struggle with two opposing forces: moral integrity and the need to avenge his father's murder.(T)4.Alexander Pope was a great English poet who also translated Homer's Iliad.(T)5.Jonathan Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language, and Robinson Crusoe is his masterpiece.(F)6.William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge brought the Romantic Movement to its height.(F)7.Lord Byron distinguished himself by themusical quality of his short poems, such as "Ode to the West Wind".(F)8.Jane Austen was a well--known novelist of the stream of consciousness school.(F) 9.Joseph Conrad is classified as a forerunner of Modernism, which prevailed before World War II.(T)10.V.S.Naipaul detailed in his works the dual problems of the Third World: the oppression of colonialism and the chaos of postcolonialism.(T)Chapter 71.The Republic of Ireland occupies the entire area of the island of Ireland.(F)2.The earliest inhabitants in Ireland were Celtic tribes from Europe.(F)3.In the 1800s, Ireland gained in prosperity because it became a part of Britain.(F)4.In the 1930s, Ireland was not indeed a republic,but belonged to the Commonwealth of Nations.(T)。
最新7月全国自考英语国家概况试题及答案解析
全国2018年7月自考英语国家概况试题课程代码：00522请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上。
全部题目用英文作答I. Multiple Choice Questions. (50 points, 1 point for each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are 50 unfinished statements or questions. For each of the unfinished statements or questions, four suggested answers marked, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet.1. Which of the following statements is NOT true about Britain?A. Great Britain and England are geographical names.B. The official name of Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.C. Britain has four political divisions on the island of Great Britain.D. British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth in 1931.2. The successful Roman invasion took place in ______, headed by ______.A. 43 AD, the Emperor ClaudiusB. 43 AD, Julius CaesarC. 55 BC, Julius CaesarD. 55 BC, the Emperor Claudius3. During the fifth century when the Roman Empire fell, the Germanic ______ invaded and conquered Britain.A. Angles and CeltsB. Angles and PictsC. Angles and BritonsD. Angles and Saxons4. In the year 597, England began to be Christianized. It was mainly due to the work of ______.A. St. AugustineB. ConstantineC. Pope GregoryD. Ethelbert, king of Kent5. ______ is regarded by many Englishmen as the foundation of English liberties.A. The beginning of British ParliamentB. The People’s CharterC. The Petition of RightD. Magna Carta of 12156. ______ is known as “the father of the British navy”as he founded a strong fleet which first beat the Danes at sea.A. EthelredB. WilliamC. AlfredD. Edward7. Which of the following is NOT true about “Domesday Book”?A. It was compiled to discover how much to be called upon to pay by taxes.B. It was so called because it seemed to the English like the Book of Doom used on Judgment Day.C. It was completed as the result of a general survey of England.D. it is kept in the public library in London.8. The Lollards were ______ who had played a very important role in the Peasant Uprising of 1381.A. poor priests and itinerant preachersB. poets and writersC. merchantsD. craftsmen9. The word Renaissance is from ______, meaning “rebirth”, and was first applied by the ______ historian Jakob Burckhardt in 1860.A. English, SwissB. French, ItalianC. French, SwissD. English, Italian10. The significance of the Wars of the Roses was all the following EXCEPT that ______.A. feudalism received its death blowB. the great medieval nobility was much weakenedC. the king’s power now became limitedD. no less than 80 nobles of royal blood were killed in the wars11. The Religious Reformation in England was led by King ______, and the direct cause was his divorce case with ______.A. Henry VIII, Catherine of AragonB. Henry Tudor, Elizabeth of YorkC. Henry II, Eleanor of AquitaineD. Henry I, Matilda12. Which of the following statements is NOT true about Elizabeth I?A. Elizabeth I broke Mary’s ties with Rome.B. Elizabeth I restored her father’s independent Church of England.C. Elizabeth I’s religious reform was a compromise of views.D. Elizabeth I’s religious settlement was acceptable to both extreme Protestants and ardent Catholics.13. After the Restoration, British Parliament passed a series of severe laws called ______ against the Puritans, now known as Nonconformists.A. the Act of SuccessionB. the Petition of RightC. the Clarendon CodeD. the Act of Supremacy14. The spark of the First World War was struck at Sarajevo on June 28 ______, when the ______ Crown Prince Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist.A. 1913, GermanB. 1914,AustrianC. 1913, BulgarianD. 1914, English15. The leader of the House of Lords is ______.A. the Archbishops of CanterburyB. the MonarchC. the Prime MinisterD. the Lord Chancellor16. Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of farming in England in the late 18th and early 19th centuries?A. Use of artificial fertilizer.B. Introduction of new agricultural machinery.C. The “open-field”system.D. A system of crop rotation.17. In the United Kingdom, police officers are NOT allowed to join ______ or to go on strike.A. a trade unionB. a political partyC. a clubD. a society18. The Church of England is NOT free to change its form of worship, as laid down in ______, without the consent of Parliament.A. the Bill of RightsB. the Provisions of OxfordC. the Constitutions of ClarendonD. the Book of Common Prayer19. The British universities are governed by ______ or by ______ and enjoy academic freedom.A. royal charters, Act of ParliamentB. the People’s Charter, the Reform Act of 1832C. the Great Charter, the Bill of RightsD. the Petition of Right, the Test Act20. Rupert Murdoch’s News International, one of the largest publishing corporations, owns the following national papers EXCEPT ______.A. the TimesB. the SunC. News of the WorldD. the Daily Telegraph21. Now about 80% to 90% of immigration to the United States is from ______.A. Asian and Hispanic countriesB. African countriesC. European countriesD. Central and South American countries22. The Declaration of Independence clearly explained the political theory behind the American Revolution which came from ______.A. the British philosopher John LockeB. the Italian philosopher John LockeC. the American president George WashingtonD. the American statesman Thomas Jefferson23. In 1787, all of the states except Rhode Island were represented to revise the Articles of Confederation at ______.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Constitutional ConventionD. the First US Congress24. In 1865, ______, which banned slavery, was added to the American Constitution.A. the Tenth AmendmentB. the Thirteenth AmendmentC. the Declaration of IndependenceD. the Bill of Rights25. Which of the following is NOT true about the Bill of Rights?A. It was meant to protect the blacks for the right to vote, to use the public facilities and to enjoy the sameeducation as white people.B. It was the first ten amendments to the American Constitution.C. It was not until the federalists agree to the Bill of Rights Amendments that ratification of the Constitution wasassured.D. It guarantees the basic rights for the individual such as the freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom ofthe press, and so on.26. As a result of ______, the territory owned by the United States almost doubled.A. the Louisiana PurchaseB. the peace treaty with MexicoC. the Gadsden PurchaseD. the armed uprising of the Americans in Texas27. After the World War I, the result of the ______ was the emergence of the ______.A. Peace Conference, Treaty of ParisB. Paris Conference, Versailles Treaty SystemC. Teheran Conference, V ersailles Treaty SystemD. Paris Conference, Munich Agreement28. ______ was not an idealist, not a dreamer, so he presented to Congress his program known as ______.A. John F. Kennedy, the New FrontierB. Theodore Roosevelt, the New DealC. Woodrow Wilson, the program of New FreedomD. Franklin D. Roosevelt, the New Deal29. The decision of the setting-up of a world organization—the United Nations was made at the ______.A. Yalta ConferenceB. Geneva ConferenceC. Teheran ConferenceD. Paris Conference30. The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union basically originated from ______.A. their different goals during the Second World WarB. their different attitudes toward GermanyC. their different attitudes toward Eastern EuropeD. their separate concepts of postwar world order31. The real purpose of the Marshal Plan is to ______.A. prevent Greece and Turkey from falling into the hands of the Soviet UnionB. support any country which said it was fighting against CommunismC. help Western Europe recover from the disrupted industrial productionD. prevent Western Europe from possible Soviet expansion32. Which of the following is NOT true about McCarthyism?A. It was the reflection of anti-Communism on the American society.B. It refers to the anti-Communist hysteria in the United States.C. The court played a role in approving the lawfulness of anti-Communist activities.D. It frightened a large number of Americans who felt it would be more dangerous to conform than to disagreewith the majority.33. During the Cuban Missile Crisis, President ______ decided to use the naval force to prevent military materialand arms from getting into Cuba.A. Franklin D. RooseveltB. Harry TrumanC. John F. KennedyD. Ronald Reagan34. After the Geneva Conference, the United States replaced ______ and became the main force in providing aidfor ______.A. France, the North Vietnam governmentB. France, the South Vietnam governmentC. Britain, the North Vietnam governmentD. Britain, the South Vietnam government35. After the Watergate scandal happened in 1972, the President ______ had to resign. He is the first president todo so in the U.S. history.A. Ronald ReaganB. Harry TrumanC. John F. KennedyD. Richard Nixon36. ______ was elected president because in the late 1970s, the American society turned conservative.A. Ronald ReaganB. Jimmy CarterC. Richard M. NixonD. George Bush37. In America, the two major parties are really not very different today. But on economic issues, the ______traditionally favors government intervention while the ______ stresses the role of the market more.A. Democratic Party, Republican PartyB. Republican Party, Democratic PartyC. Whig Party, Democratic PartyD. Whig Party, Republican Party38. According to the Constitution, the American President must take care that all laws be faithfully executed. Tocarry out this responsibility, he presides over ______ of the federal government.A. the legislative branchB. the executive branchC. the judicial branchD. the American Congress39. According to the American Constitution, the Vice President shall be President of ______.A. the SenateB. the CongressC. the House of RepresentativesD. the Cabinet40. The six goals set by President Bush in his "America 2000" Plan are all the following EXCEPT ______.A. eliminating drugs and violence from the schoolB. improving the nation’s high-school graduation rate to at least 80%C. requiring students to demonstrate competency in English, mathematics, science, history and geographyD. ensuring that all adult Americans were literate41. Although relatively small in area, Ireland is large enough to show distinct regional variations in ______.A. climateB. ethnic minoritiesC. religionD. language42. Ireland’s population has been ______ during the past 100 years.A. stableB. increasingC. on declineD. doubled43. New Zealand is about 1,500 km to the ______.A. northeast of AustraliaB. southeast of AustraliaC. northwest of AustraliaD. southwest of Australia44. The first British settlers came to New Zealand in 1840 through ______, and they hoped to start model coloniesby planned migration.A. the New Zealand CompanyB. the British East India CompanyC. a private immigration agencyD. the Dutch East India Company45. Canada is bounded on the north by ______, on the west by ______, and on the east by ______.A. the Arctic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic OceanB. Antarctica, the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic OceanC. the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific OceanD. Antarctica, the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean46. In 1971, the Canadian Government adopted a policy of ______, recognizing that cultural pluralism within abilingual framework was the essence of the Canadian identity.A. unilingualismB. multilingualismC. biculturalismD. multiculturalism47. According to the new federal Immigration Act (1978), the following are the fundamental objectives ofCanadian immigration law EXCEPT ______.A. family reunionB. concern for refugeesC. promotion of the economic development of the countryD. preservation of British culture48. Which of the following is the longest river in Australia?A. The Murray.B. The Clutha.C. The Swan River.D. The Shannon River.49. The following animals are unique to Australia EXCEPT ______.A. kangaroosB. emusC. budgerigarsD. koalas50. The dominant aspect of Aboriginal culture was ______.A. rock paintings and story-tellingB. religious ceremoniesC. the DreamtimeD. the balance between the people and their environmentII. Answer the Questions. (30 points, 3 points for each)Directions: Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.51. What is the cause of the decline of the British Empire?52. Why is the English Civil War also called the Puritan Revolution?53. What dose the British Parliament consist of?54. Why did the American Civil War break out?55. What are the two special powers of the Senate in America?56. Why is the board of trustees which governs American colleges and universities composed primarily oflaymen?57. Under what treaty was modern New Zealand founded?58. What happened to the French colony after the Seven Years’ War between Britain and France?59. What happened after the English king was declared the head of the Church of Ireland, replacing the Pope?60. How many political divisions are there in Australia? What are they?III. Term Explanation. (20 points, 5 points for each)Directions: Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet in around 40 words.61. NHS62. Whigs and Tories63. Electoral College64. "Manifest Destiny"。
2011年7月自考真题英语国家概况
全国2011年7月自学考试英语国家概况试题课程代码：00522I. Multiple Choice Questions. (50 points, 1 point for each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are 50 unfinished statements or questions. For eachof the unfinished statements or questions, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D aregiven. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question.Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your AnswerSheet.1. Which of the following statement is NOT true?A. Great Britain and England are geographical names.B. The British Isles are made up of three large islands and hundreds of small ones.C. At present there are 50 member countries within the Commonwealth (1991).D. Wales is in the west of Great Britain.2. ____ built the Hadrian’s Wall and the Antonine Wall to keep ____ out of the area they had conquered.A. The Romans; the PictsB. The Beaker Folk; the PictsC. The Anglo-Saxons; the RomansD. The Danes; the Anglo-Saxons3. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?A.The Anglo-SaxonsB. The NormansC.The VikingsD. The Romans4. The spirit of ____ was the limitation of the powers of the king, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.A. the Provision of OxfordB. the Constitutions of ClarendonC. Domesday BookD. Magna Carta5. When Mary Tudor became Queen, at least 300 ____ were burnt as heretics.A. ProtestantsB. CatholicsC. PuritansD. Muslims6. The chief demand of the peasants during the Peasant Uprising of 1381 was ____.A. the abolition of villeinageB. the punishment of the King’s ministersC. the increase of wagesD. the reform of the church7. The significance of the Wars of the Roses was all the following EXCEPT that ____.第 1 页A. feudalism received its death blowB. the great medieval nobility was much weakenedC. the king’s power now became supremeD. it dealt a death blow to villeinage8. ____ is one of the comedies of Shakespeare.A. OthelloB. Richard IIIC. The TempestD. Julius Caesar9. In the Glorious Revolution the Catholic king, ____ was driven out of England.A. James IB. James IIC. Charles ID. Charles II10. ____, excluding any Roman Catholic from the succession, confirmed the principle of parliamentary supremacy and guaranteed free speech within both the House of Lords and the House of Commons.A. The Bill of RightsB. The Disabling ActC. The Test ActD. Instrument of Government11. As a result of the Industrial Revolution, Britain became the ____.A. “shop of the world”B. “workshop of the world”C. “centre of the world”D. “leader of the world”12. Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of farming in the late 18th and the early 19th centuries?A. Cultivation of fodder cropsB. Invention of seed drillC. Selective breeding of domestic animalsD. “O pen-field” system13. In Britain, ____ abolished “rotten boroughs”.A. the People’s CharterB. the Combination ActsC. the New Power LawD. the Reform Act of 183214. The present British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II was crowned in ____.A. 1926B. 1947C. 1952D. 195315. ____ has the ultimate authority for law-making in Britain.A. The MonarchB. The ParliamentC. The Prime MinisterD. The Cabinet16. In the House of Commons, all speeches are addressed to ____ who is elected at the beginning of each new Parliament to preside over the House and enforce the rules of order.A. the Prime MinisterB. the Monarch第 2 页C. the SpeakerD. the Lord Chancellor17. About ____ daily and Sunday newspapers are published nationwide in Britain.A. 100B. 110C. 120D. 13018. In Britain, ____ is directly responsible for the NHS.A. a local governmentB. the central governmentC. a voluntary organizationD. a certain society19. The day following Christmas Day is known as ___, for on this day gifts are given to servants and tradesmen.A. New Year’s DayB. Easter DayC. Labor DayD. Boxing Day20. Of the following four sports, ____ has the longest history in Britain.A. cricketB. golfC. footballD. rugby21. The three states that have seen the fastest growth in population in the past 20 years are ____.A. California, Arizona and New MexicoB. California, Florida and NevadaC. New York, Texas and FloridaD. Arizona, Nevada and Florida22. In American history, ____ refer to those who came to Plymouth on board of Mayflower.A. the English noblesB. the PuritansC. the PilgrimsD. the English adventurers23. After President Jefferson bought the ____ Territory from France, the territory owned by the United States almost doubled.A. ArizonaB. TexasC. LouisianaD. California24. President Abraham Lincoln issued the ____, because he realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against slavery.A. Bill of RightsB. Emancipation of ProclamationC. Declaration of IndependenceD. Civil Right Act25. The features of the early colonists which have strong influence on the formation of American character are all the following EXCEPT ____.A. religious intoleranceB. respect of individual rightsC. representative form of government第 3 页D. a strong spirit of individual enterprise26. Rushed by the Progressive Movement, ____ put forward his program of New Freedom.A. Woodrow WilsonB. Theodore RooseveltC. FranklinD.Roosevelt D. George Washington27. The Paris Conference which began on Jan 18, 1919 was dominated by the Big Four including ____.A. the United States, the Soviet Union, China and BritainB. the United States, Britain, France, and ItalyC. the United States, Britain, Germany, and JapanD. the United States, Britain, France, and the Soviet Union28. In his inaugural speech, ____ said that “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”A. Abraham LincolnB. Theodore RooseveltC. FranklinD.Roosevelt D. George Washington29. As a result of American economic aid under the Marshall Plan, ____ recovered and began to show signs of development.A. TurkeyB. GreeceC. Western EuropeD. Eastern Europe30. During the Cuban Missile Crisis, the two superpowers stared at each other, with the possibility of ____ looming large.A. a nuclear warB. a chemical warC. the Vietnam WarD. the Korean War31. ____ visit to China ended twenty-three years of hostility and led to the establishment of diplomatic relations in January ____.A. President Nixon’s; 1972B. Jimmy Carter’s; 1978C. President Nixon’s; 1979D. George Bush’s; 198932. After long and difficult negotiations in Paris, the U. S. and ____ signed a cease-fire agreement on January 27, 1973.A. South VietnamB. North VietnamC. the Soviet UnionD. Korea33. Which of the following is NOT true of U.S. foreign trade?A. Canada is the largest single source of goods imported by the United States.B. Outside of North America, Asia is the largest source of imports.C. The U.S. share of world trade has decreased in recent years.D. Whenever the American economy is in trouble, the economy of other countries is affected.34. When the delegates met at Philadelphia in 1787, their task was ____.A. to write a new constitutionB. to adopt the Articles of Confederation第 4 页C. to establish a new form of governmentD. to revise the Articles of Confederation35. Abraham Lincoln was elected President as the candidate of ____ in 1860.A. the Democratic PartyB. the Republican PartyC. the Whig PartyD. the Conservative Party36. According to the U.S. Constitution, education is mainly a function of ____.A. the federal governmentB. the city governmentC. the county governmentD. the state government37. Which of the following is NOT true about the reasons for the rapid growth of community colleges?A. Their open admission policiesB. Their cheap tuition and feesC. Their fixed curriculum structuresD. Their convenient locations38. The Waste Land, written by ____, is considered the manifesto of the “Lost Generation”.A. T. S. EliotB. Walt WhitmanC. Emily DickinsonD. Theodore Dreiser39. In the 1920s, Black literature developed into an upsurge, which has come to be known as ____.A. the Literature RenaissanceB. the Harlem RenaissanceC. the Literature RevivalD. the “knickerbockers era” of American literature40. Easter Sunday is the most important religious holiday for commemorating ____.A. the death of Jesus ChristB. the birth of Jesus ChristC. the crucifixion of Jesus ChristD. the resurrection of Jesus Christ41. The Republic of Ireland is bounded by all the following EXCEPT ____.A. the English ChannelB. the Irish SeaC. St. George ChannelD. the Atlantic Ocean42. Ireland is one of the most ____ countries of Europe.A. ProtestantB. CatholicC. PuritanD. Christian43. In Canada, nearly ____ of the land has no permanent population.A. 87%B. 88%C. 89%D. 90%44. Who founded the first permanent settlements at Quebec and Montreal on the St. Lawrence River?A. John CabotB. Jacques CartierC. Samuel de ChamplainD. Henry Hudson第 5 页45. All services provided by the Canadian federal government are available in ____.A. French and SpanishB. English and ItalianC. Spanish and EnglishD. French and English46. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people constitute ____ of Australia’s population.A. 1%B. 1.5%C. 2%D. 2.5%47. Why has Australia always been a continent with few people?A. Because Australia is too far away from Europe.B. Because Australia is the least mountainous and most level of the world’s continents.C. Because Australia is separated from the rest of the world by seas.D. Because most of the continent is hot and dry.48. As far as Australian culture is concerned, the history of Australia can be divided into the following phases EXCEPT____.A. the period of Australia’s original cultureB. the period of the dominant British cultureC. the period of Asian cultureD. the period of a multicultural society49. In New Zealand, the highest peak is in the centre of the mountain range, which is called ____.A. the Southern AlpsB. the Northern AlpsC. the New Zealand AlpsD. the South Island Alps50. ____ is described as a “living fossil”.A. MoaB. KiwiC. TuataraD. BellbirdII. Answer the Questions. (30 points, 3 points for each)Directions: Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.51. How many political divisions are there in Britain? What are they?52. What questions did Elizabeth I treat as personal and private?53. What were the two events in the world which most alarmed the British ruling classes in the closing decades of the 18th century?54. Which are the five biggest cities in terms of population in the United States?55. What are the three branches of the American government?56. What does Mark Twain want to put across in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn?57. When was the name of the country officially changed to Ireland?第 6 页58. Who are easy to immigrate to Canada now?59. In terms of land area and population, which is the biggest state and which is the smallest state in Australia?60. What are the two active volcanoes in New Zealand?III. Term Explanation. (20 points, 5 points for each)Directions: Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet in around 40 words.61. the Chartist Movement62. Constitutional Monarchy63. the Bill of Rights of America64. the Federal System of America第 7 页。
英语国家概况自考题-5_真题-无答案
英语国家概况自考题-5(总分100,考试时间90分钟)PART ONEⅠ.Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefullyFor each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked are given. Choose the one that you think **pletes the statement or answers the question.1. Among the three tribes of the **ing to Britain, the most industrious and vigorous of the Celtic tribes was the ______.A. Gaels B. Brythons C. Belgae D. Vikings2. ______ laid the foundations of the English state.A. Roman B. The Celts C. The Anglo-Saxons D. The Viking and Danish Invasions3. At the bottom of the English feudal scale were ______.A. slaves B. free peasants C. villeins D. freemen4. William Ⅱwas known as ______ because of his **plexion.A. Rufus B. the Conqueror C. the Confessor D. the Unready5. The Hundred Years' War between England and France lasted from ______.A. 1066 to 1215 B. 1215 to 1266 C. 1337 to 1453 D. 1066 to 13816. Black Death reduced England's population from ______ million to ______ million by the end of the 14th century.A. 5, 3 B. 4.5, 3 C. 4, 3 D. 4, 27. ______ was above all responsible for the religious reform in England.A. Alfred the Great B. Edward Ⅰ C. Henry Ⅷ D. William the Conqueror8. Which of the following statements about Elizabeth Ⅰ(1558—1603) is true?A. Elizabeth was 35 when she came to the throne. B. Elizabeth remained single. C. Elizabeth was not able to work with Parliament. D. Her reign was a time of diminishing English nationalism.9. In 1603, ______ became the first of the Stuarts to take the throne.A. Edward Ⅰ B. Henry Ⅶ C. James Ⅵ D. James Ⅱ10. In December 1653. by an Instrument of Government, Oliver Cromwell became ______ of the Commonwealth of England.A. Prime Minister B. King C. Lord Protector D. Emperor11. The age of constitutional monarchy began with the accession of ______ to the throne.A. Charles Ⅱ B. James Ⅱ C. William and Mary D. Oliver Cromwell12. ______ led the U.K. to final victory in the Second World War.A. Winston Churchill B. Neville Chamberlain C. Tony Blair D. William Gladstone13. King George Ⅲ was nicknamed "______" because he was so enthusiastic about changes in agriculture.A. Farmer George B. peasant George C. Agricultural George D. Enthusiastic King14. The British policy of ______ of German aggression was no longer tenable after Germany invaded Poland.A. non-interference B. appeasement C. mutual friendship D. containment15. In Canada, Australia and New Zealand, ______ is the official head of state.A. Prime Minster B. Governor-General C. President D. Queen in Britain16. The two parties that have held power in Britain since 1945 are ______.A. the Democratic Party and the Republican Party B. the Conservative Party and the Labor Party C. the Labor Party and the Social Democratic Party D. the Labor Party and the Democratic Party17. There are ______ police forces in England and Wales, 8 in Scotland and one in Northern Ireland.A. 40 B. 41 C. 42 D. 4318. The Two established churches in Britain are ______.A. Church of England and Church of Wales B. Church of Ireland and Church of England C. Church of Ireland and Church of Scotland D. Church of England and Church of Scotland19. Which of the following holidays is not celebrated in Scotland?A. Bank Holiday. B. Summer Bank Holiday. C. Christmas Day. D. Good Friday.20. There are about ______ daily and Sunday newspapers published in Britain.A. 180 B. 150 C. 130 D. 10021. ______, the most popular sport in England as well as in Europe, has its traditional home in England where it was developed in the 19th century.A. Basketball B. Tennis C. Football D. Baseball22. The Republic of Ireland is bounded by all the following but ______.A. the EnglishChannel B. the Irish Sea C. St George Channel D. the Atlantic Ocean23. Migration in Ireland declined sharply ______.A. during WWⅠ B. in recent years C. in the early decades of the 20th century D. after the establishment of the Irish Free State24. What is Ireland called in Irish?A. Irea. B. Aire. C. Eare. D. Eire.25. The slave system in the United States was formally ended by ______.A. The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution B. President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation C. the Declaration of Independence D. Both A and B26. Three weeks after the battles at Lexington and Concord, the ______ was held at Philadelphia.A. Peace meeting B. Second Continental Congress C. negotiation with Britain D. meeting for independence27. President Jefferson bought the ______ from France for 15 million dollars.A. Mississippi B. Louisiana territory C. New Mexico D. California28. Abraham Lincoln belonged to ______.A. the Federalist Party B. the Whig Party C. the Republican Party D. the Democratic Party29. New Freedom was the program of ______.A. Woodrow Wilson B. Theodore Roosevelt C. Franklin Roosevelt D. Henry Truman30. The most important features in the growth of the American economy in the early 20th century were ______.A. the use of steam and electricity as chief energy, the use of machines and the development of railway B. the appearance of airplane, the use of electricity on a large scale and urbanization C. the development of large corporation, urbanization and the application in production of new technology D. the development of industry and large cities, the expansion of railroad network31. In 1932, in the depth of the depression, the American people chose ______ as their next president who promised to get America out of the depression.A. Theodore Roosevelt B. Franklin D. Roosevelt C. Woodrow Wilson D. Herbert C. Hoover32. The real purpose of the Marshal Plan is to ______.A. prevent Greece and Turkey from falling into the hands of the Soviet Union B. support any country which said it was fighting against Communism C. help Western Europe recover from the disrupted industrial production D. prevent Western Europe from possible Soviet expansion33. Under the pressure of the Anti-war Movement, ______ decided not to run for the presidency for a second term.A. Truman B. Nixon C. Johnson D. Kennedy34. Among the following, ______ is not automobile giant.A. Chrysler B. the International Business Machines C. Ford D. General Motors35. The writers of the Constitution worked out the "checks and balances" in order to ______.A. prevent the government from being too strong B. prevent the government from being separated C. prevent the government from misusing its power D. prevent the government from losing power36. To be successful, a candidate for the U.S. Presidency must receive at least ______ electoral votes.A. 260 B. 180 C. 270 D. 53837. In the U.S., ______ stood mainly for **mercial and industrial interests and opposed Jackson's economic policies.A. Parliament B. the Democratic Party C. the Republic Party D. the Whig party38. Recently, ______ are emphasized in the U.S. elementary schools.A. socialization skills B. values education C. foreign languages D. visual arts39. ______ is not written by Theodore Dreiser.A. Sister Carrie B. Trilogy of Desire C. An American Tragedy D. The Scarlet Letter40. Valentine's Day is on ______.A. April 1st B. November 20th C. February 14th D. May 4th41. ______ is an ice-free harbour and the major Canadian outlet to the Pacific Ocean and the largest cargo port on the pacific.A. Ontario B. Vancouver C. Montreal D. Saskatchewan42. In ______, Canada was formally declared to be partner nations with Britain and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.A. 1919 B. 1927 C. 1940 D. 193143. ______ are the two official languages in Canada.A. French and Indian B. English and French C. English and Italian D. Italian and French44. In recent years there has been a decline in European applications to immigration to Canada and an increase in those from Asia, the Caribbean and ______.A. the U.S. B. New Zealand C. Australia D. North America45. The highest peak in Australia is ______ which is 2,255 metres above sea level.A. the Outback B. the Plateau C. the Eastern Highlands D. Mount Kosciusko46. Western Australia is known as ______.A. the garden states B. the sunshine state C. the state of excitement D. the holiday isle47. Australia is politically divided into ______.A. ten states and three territories B. six provinces and two counties C. six states and two territories D. seven states and four districts48. The sunniest city in Australia is ______.A. Sydney B. Melbourne C. Adelaide D. Darwin49. The following are the volcanic mountain in North Island except ______.A. Tongariro B. Mt. Cook C. Ngaurohoe D. Ruapehu50. The only native mammals in New Zealand are ______.A. rabbits B. bats C. opossums D. goatsPART TWOⅡ.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions1. What was William Ⅰ's policy towards the church?2. How did Elizabeth Ⅰ manage to maintain a friendly relationship with France?3. What did the English Industrial Revolution begin with?4. What is the main function of the House of Lords?5. What are the geographical features of Ireland?6. What was the turning point of the Civil War?7. What was the postwar strategy of the United States?8. What are the two serious weakness of the Article of Confederation?9. What is Emerson's view of man and nature in his hook Nature?10. How many main islands does New Zealand have?Ⅲ.Explain each of the following terms in English1. the Glorious Revolution of 16882. Anglo-Irish Treaty3. Isolationist4. the Seven Years' War。
7月英语国家概况自考试题（1）
7月英语国家概况自考试题（1）2010年7月英语国家概况自考试题全国2010年7月自考英语国家概况试题课程代码：00522请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上，全部题目用英文作答I．MultipIe Choice Questions．(50 points，1 point for each) Directions：In this part of the test,there are 50 unfinished statements or questions．For each of the unfinished statements or questions，four suggested answers marked A，B，C and D are given．Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question．Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet．1.Christianity was first brought to England by______.A.the RomansB.the CeltsC.the Anglo-SaxonsD.the Danes2.The names such as Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday came from______.A.ChristianityB.Teutonic religionC.DruidismD.Catho1icism3.At about 700 BC，______began to arrive in England fromeastern and central Europe，now France，Belgium and southern Germany.A.the CeltsB.the Beaker FolkC.the RomansD.the Anglo-Saxons4.______made a treaty with the Danes allowing them to keep the northern and eastern parts of England，which later became known as the Danelaw.A.King EthelredB.King AlfredC.King EdwardD.King Harold5.Many hundreds of rebels were put to death by______ as he passed triumphantly with an army of 40，000 men through Kent and Essex.A.King Henry IIB.King RichardC.King JohnD.King Edward III6.For electoral purposes Britain is divided into ______ constituencies，each of which has ______ representative(s) in Parliament.A.651，oneB.561，twoC.651，twoD.561，one7.The Wars of the Roses broke out shortly after ______.A.the Black DeathB.the Watt Tyler’s UprisingC.the Hundred Years’ WarD.the Glorious Revolution8.It was during the reign of______that the name Great Britaincame into being in 1707.A.E1izabeth IB.Henry VIIIC.Charles ID.Anne9.Real religious Change came in Edward VI’s time.People call his switch to______ theology “the Reformation”.A.PuritanB.ProtestantC.CatholicD.Christian10.The English Civil War has been seen as a conflict between________.A.the Commons and the LordsB.the King and the BaronsC.the Parliament and the KingD.the Crown and the Church11.After William and Mary were crowned jointly in Westminster Abbey on their acceptance of the Bill of Rights，the age of_______ began.A.monarchyB.constitutional monarchyC.capitalismD.federal government12.As a result of the First World War settlement，the ______was established.A.League of NationsB.British CommonwealthC.British East India CompanyD.United Nations13.In Britain，the election of ________returned the________ topower and Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain.A.1979，Conservative PartyB.1983，Labor PartyC.1979，Liberal DemocratsD.1983，Democratic Party14.The House of Commons is headed by________.A.the Prime MinisterB.the SpeakerC.the Lord ChancellorD.the Monarch15. The Witan, the basis of the Privy Council was created by________.A. the CeltsB. the Anglo-SaxonsC. the NormansD. the Romans16. Which of the following is NOT one of the members of the Lords Temporal in the House of Lords?A. All hereditary peers and peeresses of England, Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom.B. Life peers created to assist the House in its judicial duties.C. Senior bishops of the Church of England.D. All other life peers.17. Margaret Thatcher believed in the following EXCEPT________.A. self-relianceB. the strengthening of trade unionsC. privatizationD. the use of monetary policies to control inflation18. Established Churches in Britain are________.A. the Church of England and the Church of WalesB. the Church of Wales and the Church of ScotlandC. the Anglican ChurchesD. the Church of England and the Church of Scotland19. ________appeal to people wanting news of more entertaining character in Britain.A. Popular newspapersB. Quality newspapersC. “Mid-market” newspapersD. Daily newspapers20. ________is the most popular sport in England and in Europe.A. RugbyB. TennisC.SnookerD. Football21. The Open University is a non-residential university based in the new town of________.A. Milton KeynesB. GlasgowC. EdinburghD. Cambridge22. From 1980 to 1989, the population between the age of25 and 44 increased by 28.1% in America because_____.A. those who were born during the period of large inflow ofimmigrants reached this age bracketB. those who were born after the World War II reached this age bracketC. those who were born during the World War I reached this age bracketD. those who were born before the World War II reached this age bracket23. On April 6, 1789, George Washington was elected the President of America and took the oath of office in_____.A. Washington D.C.B. PhiladelphiaC. BostonD. New York24. After_____, the United States saw great developments in industry, agriculture, science and technology, and population.A. the Civil WarB. the War of IndependenceC. the Vietnam WarD. the Second World War25. _____is a clear explanation of the political theory behind the revolution and this theory came from the British philosopher John Locke.A. The Articles of ConfederationB. The American ConstitutionC. The DeclarationD. The Bill of Rights26. Faced with the serious economic crisis, the _____ administration refused to take strong government action to soften the effects of the Great Depression.A. HooverB. RooseveltC. WilsonD. Truman27. As a result of_____, the United States had changed from a debtor nation to a creditor.A. the First World WarB. the Second World WarC. the War of IndependenceD. the Civil War28. The Progressive Movement refers to a number of diverse efforts at_____ reforms.A. political, social, and economicB. political, educational, and socialC. political, religious, and socialD. educational, religious, and economic29. Which of the following did NOT account for President Theodore Roosevelt’s contributions?A. The adoption of the Hepburn Act of 1906.B. The active use of the Sherman Antitrust Act.C. The withdrawal of 200 million acres of public land as forest reserve.D. The passage of the Federal Reserve Act.30. On June 5, 1947, _____suggested that the U.S. should offer economic aid to Western Europe so as to protect the region from Soviet expansion.A. George MarshallB. Franklin D. RooseveltC. George KennanD. Harry Truman31. President Truman on March 21, 1947 issued an executive order, initiating a comprehensive investigation of the loyalty of all federal employees. This was the beginning of _____.A. McCarthyismB. cleating out Soviet spiesC. widespread persecution of Communists and progressive peopleD. persecution of federal employees32. The slave system was formally ended by________in 1863 and the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865.A. the Bill of RightsB. the first ten AmendmentsC. Lincoln’s Emancipation Proc lamationD. the Articles of Confederation33. After the_______, the United States replaced France and became the main force in providing aid for the South Vietnam government.A. Paris ConferenceB. Geneva ConferenceC. Yalta ConferenceD. Teheran Conference34. Which of the following is NOT associated with Halloween?A. “Trick or treat”.B. “Spring Break”.C. A night-time children’s holiday.D. Pumpkin lanterns.35. In _______masterpieces, Leaves of Grass, he praised the ideas of equality and democracy and celebrated the dignity, the self-reliant spirit and the joy of the common man.A. T.S. Eliot’sB. Walt Whitman’sC. Theodore Dreiser’sD. Ralph Waldo Emerson’s36. The American economy is characterized by a high degreeof _______.A. free-market economy with a dominant public sectorB. planned economyC. monopolyD. government involvement of economy37. The American Constitution is the oldest written constitution in the world. It was drawn up in 1787 and went into effect in_______.A. 1788B. 1789C. 1790D. 179138. Which is NOT the power of the President of the United States?A. He shares certain lawmaking powers with Congress.B. He is the Commander-in-chief of the armed forces.C. He can determine whether legislation conforms to the Constitution.D. He can give reprieves and pardons in federal criminal cases.39. Under _______to the United States Constitution, _______ takes the responsibility for education.A. the Tenth Amendment, the federal governmentB. the Thirteenth Amendment, the stateC. the Tenth Amendment, the stateD. the Thirteenth Amendment, the federal government40. _______ embodies Thomas Jefferson’s belief that an education should be practical as well as liberal.A. The community collegeB. The vocational collegeC. The junior collegeD. The public college41. In the year 1845, _______marked the end of one era and the beginning of another in the social history of Ireland.A. the Great FamineB. EnclosureC. the Black DeathD. the English Renaissance42. Ireland is unique among European countries for_______.A. its small populationB. its beautiful sceneryC. its excessive rainfallD. its century-long population decline43. Under the Anglo-Irish Treaty, Britain established_______with dominion status in Ireland in 1921.A. the Anglican Church of IrelandB. the Irish Free StateC. the Irish Republican ArmyD. Fianna Fail44. New Zealand is just_______ of the International Date Line, so it is the first country to get the new day.A. southB. westC. eastD. north45. In the years that followed the Land Wars the basic philosophy of race relations became _______, rather than Maori self-determination.A. assimilationB. alienationC. disassimilationD. subjugation46. Who was the first European to discover Canada?A. John Cabot.B. Abel Tasman.C. Samuel de Champlain.D. James Cook.47. In 1931 by_______Canada was formally declared to be a sovereign nation and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.A. the Act of UnionB. the Statute of WestminsterC. the British North American ActD. the Constitution Act48. Since 1945 the Canadian government has adopted a policy of_______.A. free immigrationB. selected immigrationC. restricted immigrationD. encouraging immigration49. In Australia, _______is better known as the Great Dividing Range.A. the Eastern HighlandsB. the Great Western PlateauC. the Central Eastern LowlandsD. the Red Centre50. In Australia, the hot, dry environment has a great influence on the following EXCEPT_______.A. population distributionB. plantsC. animalsD. the built environmentII. Answer the Questions. (30 points, 3 points for each) Directions: Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.51. Who is directly responsible for the NHS in Britain?52. What is the peculiar feature of the feudal system of England?53. What is the significance of the expulsion of the English from France?54. What is the “winner-take-all” system?55. What mechanism did the writers of the American Constitution introduce to provide safeguards?56. Why were American children awarded the 1965 Nobel Peace Prize?57. How many geographical regions are there in Canada? What are they?58. What does the Outback usually refer to?59. What are many Maori people determined to do with Maoritanga?60. Why is Ireland also called the Emerald Isle?III. Term Explanation. (20 points, 5 points for each) Directions: Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet in around 40 words.61. the Black Death62. the Great Charter (1215)63. the Great Depression64. Boston Tea Party。
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41. The Republic of Ireland is bounded by all the following EXCEPT ____.
A. the English Channel
B. the Irish Sea
C. St. George Channel
D. the Atlantic Ocean
42. Ireland is one of the most ____ countries of Europe.
A. Protestant
B. Catholic
C. Puritan
D. Christian
43. In Canada, nearly ____ of the land has no permanent population.
A. 87%
B. 88%
C. 89%
D. 90%
44. Who founded the first permanent settlements at Quebec and Montreal on the St. Lawrence River?
A. John Cabot
B. Jacques Cartier
C. Samuel de Champlain
D. Henry Hudson
45. All services provided by the Canadian federal government are available in ____.
A. French and Spanish
B. English and Italian
C. Spanish and English
D. French and English
46. Aborigina l and Torres Strait Islander people constitute ____ of Australia’s population.
A. 1%
B. 1.5%
C. 2%
D. 2.5%
47. Why has Australia always been a continent with few people?
A. Because Australia is too far away from Europe.
B. Because Australia i s the least mountainous and most level of the world’s continents.
C. Because Australia is separated from the rest of the world by seas.
D. Because most of the continent is hot and dry.
48. As far as Australian culture is concerned, the history of Australia can be divided into the following phases EXCEPT ____.
A. the period of Australia’s original culture
B. the period of the dominant British culture
C. the period of Asian culture
D. the period of a multicultural society
49. In New Zealand, the highest peak is in the centre of the mountain range, which is called ____.
A. the Southern Alps
B. the Northern Alps
C. the New Zealand Alps
D. the South Island Alps
50. ____ is described as a “living fossil”.
A. Moa
B. Kiwi
C. Tuatara
D. Bellbird
II. Answer the Questions. (30 points, 3 points for each)
Directions: Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.
51. How many political divisions are there in Britain? What are they?
52. What questions did Elizabeth I treat as personal and private?
53. What were the two events in the world which most alarmed the British ruling classes in the closing decades of the 18th century?
54. Which are the five biggest cities in terms of population in the United States?
55. What are the three branches of the American government?
56. What does Mark Twain want to put across in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn?
57. When was the name of the country officially changed to Ireland?
58. Who are easy to immigrate to Canada now?
59. In terms of land area and population, which is the biggest state and which is the smallest state in Australia?
60. What are the two active volcanoes in New Zealand?
III. Term Explanation. (20 points, 5 points for each)
Directions: Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet in around 40 words.
61. the Chartist Movement
62. Constitutional Monarchy
63. the Bill of Rights of America
64. the Federal System of America
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