状语从句的省略

状语从句的省略

状语从句的省略有以下几种情况：

（1）在状语从句中如果主语与主句的主语一致，同时从句中又含有动词be则通常可省去从句中的主语和动词be，留下其余部分。

1.She stood at the gate as if （she was ）waiting for someone. 她站在门口好像在等人。

2．The woman teacher hurriedly left the classroom as though（she was ）angry.

这位女教师匆匆忙忙离开教室，好像生气了。

3. The man , while （he is ）over eighty, can walk faster than I .这人虽年过八十，却比我走得快。

4. Don’t speak until （you are ）spoken to. 有人对你说话时你才说。

5 .Be careful while （you are）crossing the road. 过马路时要当心。

6 .When (it is) heated, ice can turn into water. 冰经过加热能变成水。

（2）若状语从句中主语是it，动词是系动词be，则通常可省去主语it及系动词be，留下其余部分。

1. Though (it was) cold，he still wore a shirt．天气虽然冷，他还穿一件衬衫。

2. Come tomorrow if (it is) possible．可能的话就明天来吧。

3. If (it is) so，you must get back and get it．如果这样的话，你必须回去把它拿来。

4.I’11 buy a TV set if (it is) necessary．如有必要，我就买一台电视机。

5. Everything went on better than (it had been) expected．一切进展得比预料的顺利。

6. No matter how difficult(it may be)，we are determined to carry the research to the end．

不管有多困难，我们决心把研究进行到底。

（3）状语从句中的部分内容若与主句的部分内容相同，可将从句中的此部分内容省去。

1. He has no money．If (he has) any，he will give us．他没有钱，如果有，他会给我们的。

2. Some flowers shut up at night as if (they did this in order) to sleep．有些花夜间收拢，好像为了睡眠一样。

1. Your teachers will take your recent illness into consideration when they mark your exams.

你的几位老师评定你的考试成绩时，会考虑到你最近生病的情况。

2. Taking everything into consideration ,the result was better than I expected. 从各方面考虑，结果比我预料的好。

状语从句省略具体分析。

一．时间状语从句的省略。这类从句主要由when，while，as soon as，once，until等引导。

例如：

When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano.

她很小时，就开始学习弹钢琴。

When arriving, send me a telegram. (When you arrive, send me a telegram.)

到达之后，来个电报。

While (I was) at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student.

我在上大学时就开始认识他，一个奇怪但有能力的学生。

Before leaving, turn off all the lights. (Before you leave, turn off all the lights.)

走之前，请关闭所有的灯。

Whenever (it is ) possible, you should come and help. 不管什么时候只要有可能就来帮忙。

Don’t come in until (you are) asked to. 不叫你请你不要进来。

You should let us know the result as soon as (it is) possible. 你应尽快让我们知道结果。

二．地点状语从句中的省略。主要由where, wherever引导。例如：

1.He is always ready to help others wherever (he is) needed.

2.You can add some words to your composition where (it is) necessary.

三．条件状语从句的省略。主要由if，unless引导。例如：

1.She won't go to his birthday party unless (she is ) invited.

2.The news is quite important to us, if (it is) true.

但若if引导的是表示假设的虚拟条件句，虽具备条件，可不能用于这类省略。这时如果if从句的谓语动词中含有were，had，should，则可以用倒装省略，即将were，had或should提到句首，而将连词if省略。例如：

Were it not for you, I would also go there with them.

Had you come here earlier, you would have met him.

Should it be fine tomorrow, we would go for an outing.

另外，当once作"一旦，一经"解，连接时间或条件状语从句，其主语与主句的主语相同或其主语为it + be时，常省略从句中的主语或it + be。例如：

Once (it was) published, his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.

Once (you) lose confidence, you can never expect to do your work well.

四．让步状语从句的省略。主要由though，although，however，whatever，even if，even though，no matter how/what引导。例如：

1.Though (he had been) defeated many times, he didn't lose heart.

2.They worked very hard, though (he was) still rather weak.

与if引导的虚拟条件从句不能用这类省略一样，as引导的让步状语从句同样不能省略。不过如果让步状语从句由as引导时，从句中的表语（一般是形容词或名词）或状语必须提前到as前，构成倒装。如果作表语的是单数可数名词，则还须省略不定冠词。例如：

Poor as he was, he was honest.

Hard as he tried, he still failed.

Much as I like her, I won't marry her.

Child as he is, he can express himself in good English.

五．原因状语从句的省略。主要由because引导。例如：

1.He decided not to watch the foot ball match because (he was) not himself.

2.I forget to post the letter for you because (I was) too busy.

六．比较状语从句的省略。主要由as，than引导。例如：

1.In winter it is much colder in Beijing than (it is) in Shanghai.

2.The project was completed earlier than (it was) expected.

3.Mary is not so shy as (she was) a year ago when I first met her.

七．方式状语从句的省略。主要由as，as if引导。例如：

1.The old man sat at the corner alone, as if (he was) thinking of something.

2.English is not so difficult to learn, as (it is) generally supposed.

综上所述，不难发现：这些省略形式的状语从句大都以"从属连词+形容词（副词、介词短语、不定式短语、现在分词或过去分词）"构成的。省略后的句子不仅意思清楚，不会引起误解，而且结构紧凑，语言简练流畅，读起来明快生动。