边坡工程中英文词汇
术语中英文对照
2.0.1城市居民city's residential2．0．1 民用建筑civil building供人们居住和进行公共活动的建筑的总称。
2．0．2 居住建筑residential building供人们居住使用的建筑。
2．0．3 公共建筑public building供人们进行各种公共活动的建筑。
2．0．5 停车空间parking space停放机动车和非机动车的室内、外空间。
2．0．7 道路红线boundary line of roads规划的城市道路(含居住区级道路)用地的边界线。
2．0．8 用地红线boundary line of land；property line各类建筑工程项目用地的使用权属范围的边界线。
2．0．9 建筑控制线building line有关法规或详细规划确定的建筑物、构筑物的基底位置不得超出的界线。
2．0．10 建筑密度building density；building coverage ratio在一定范围内，建筑物的基底面积总和与占用地面积的比例(％)。
2．0．11 容积率plot ratio，floor area ratio在一定范围内，建筑面积总和与用地面积的比值。
2．0．12 绿地率greening rate一定地区内，各类绿地总面积占该地区总面积的比例(％)。
2.0.4 城市绿化 urban greenirng，urban planting 栽种植物以改善城市环境的活动。
2.0.5 城中绿地 urban green space2．0．13 日照标准insolation standards根据建筑物所处的气候区、城市大小和建筑物的使用性质确定的，在规定的日照标准日(冬至日或大寒日)的有效日照时间范围内，以底层窗台面为计算起点的建筑外窗获得的日照时间。
2.0.1 城市用地竖向规划 vertical planning on urban field城市开发建设地区(或地段),为满足道路交通、地面排水、建筑布置和城市景观等方面的综合要求，对自然地形进行利用、改造，确定坡度、控制高程和平衡土石方等而进行的规划设计。
边坡工程专业术语大全
边坡工程专业术语建筑边坡building slope：在建(构)筑物场地或其周边，由于建(构)筑物和市政工程开挖或填筑施工所形成的人工边坡和对建(构)筑物安全或稳定有影响的自然边坡。
边坡环境slope environment：边坡影响范围内的岩土体、水系、建(构)筑物、道路及管网等的统称。
永久性边坡permanent slope：使用年限超过2年的边坡。
临时性边坡temporary slope：使用年限不超过2年的边坡。
边坡支护slope retaining：为保证边坡及其环境的安全，对边坡采取的支挡、加固与防护措施。
滑坡landslide ：山体发生大变形或滑动破坏的地质现象的总称。
工程滑坡landslide due to engineering：因工程行为而诱发的滑坡。
边坡塌滑区landslide zone of slope：计算边坡最大侧压力时潜在滑动面和控制边坡稳定的外倾结构面以外的区域。
危岩dangerous rock：被结构面切割、在外营力作用下松动变形的岩体。
崩塌collapse：危岩失稳坠落或倾倒的一种地质现象。
软弱结构面weak structural plane：断层破碎带、软弱夹层、含泥或岩屑等结合程度很差、抗剪强度极低的结构面。
外倾结构面out-dip structural plane：倾向坡外的结构面。
等效内摩擦角the equative angle of internal friction：考虑岩土粘聚力影响的假想内摩擦角，也称“似内摩擦角”。
锚杆(索) anchor bar (rope)：将拉力传至稳定岩土层的构件。
当采用钢绞线或高强钢丝束作杆体材料时，也可称为锚索。
系统锚杆system of anchor bars：为保证边坡整体稳定，在坡体上按一定格式设置的锚杆群。
锚杆挡墙支护retaining wall with anchors：由锚杆(索)、立柱和面板组成的支护。
公路工程专业术语-英汉
abrasiveness 麻耗度absolute datum 绝对基面abutment 桥台abutment pier 制动墩acceleration lane 加速车道accidental load 偶然荷载accommodation lane 专用车道acoustic barrier 隔音墙acting circles of blasting 爆破作用圈additional stake 加桩adjacent curve in one direction 同向曲线admixture 外加剂adverse grade for safety 反坡安全线aerial photogrammetry 航空摄影测量aerophoto base 航摄基线aerophoto interpretation 航摄像片判读ageing 老化aggregate 集料(骨料)air hardening 气硬性alignment design (城市道路)平面设计，线形设计alignment element 线形要素alligator cracking 路面龟裂allowable rebound deflection 容许(回弹)弯深alternative line 比较线anchored bulkhead abutment 锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkhead retaining wall 锚锭板式档土墙anchored retaining wall by tie rods 锚杆式档土墙anionic emulsified bitumen 阴离子乳化沥青annual average daily traffic 年平均日交通量anti-creep heap (厂矿道路)挡车堆anti-dizzling screeh 防炫屏(遮光棚) antiskid heap (厂矿道路)防滑堆approach span 引桥aquitard 隔水层arch bridge 拱桥arch culvert 拱涵arch ring 拱圈arterial highway 干线公路arterial road (厂内)主干道，(城市)主干路asphalt distributor 沥青洒布车asphalt mixing plant 沥青混合料拌和设备asphalt paver 沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt remixer 复拌沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt sand 沥青砂asphalt sprayer 沥青洒布机asphaltic bitumen 地沥青at-grade intersection 平面交叉auxiliary lane 附加车道average consistency(of soil) (土的)平均稠度average gradient 平均纵坡azimuth angle 方位角balance weight retaining wall 衡重式挡土墙base course 基层base line 基线basic traffic capacity 基本通行能力beam bridge 梁桥beam level deflectometer 杠杆弯沉仪bearing 支座bearing angle 象限角bearing pile 支承桩bearing platform 承台bed course 垫层bench mark 水准点benched subgrade 台口式路基bending strength 抗弯强度Benkelman beam 杠杆弯沉仪(贝克曼弯沉仪) bent cap 盖梁berm 护坡道binder 结合料binder course 联结层bitumell 沥青bitumen extractor (沥青混合料)抽提仪bitumen-aggregate ratio 油石比bituminous concrete mixture 沥青混凝土混合料bituminous concrete pavement 沥青混凝土路面bituminous macadam mixture 沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadam pavement沥青碎石路面bituminous mixture 沥青混合料bituminous pavement 沥青路面bituminous penetration pavement 沥青贯入式路面bituminous surface treatment (沥青)表面处治blasting crater 爆破漏斗blasting for loosening rock 松动爆破blasting for throwing rock 抛掷爆破blasting procedure 土石方爆破bleeding 泛油blind ditch 盲沟blind drain 盲沟block pavement 块料路面block stone 块石blow up 拱胀boring 钻探boring log (道路)地质柱状图boring machine 钻孔机borrow earth 借土borrow pit 取土坑boundary frame on crossing 道口限界架boundary frame on road 道路限界架boundary line of road construction 道路建筑限界bowstring arch bridge 系杆拱桥box culvert 箱涵branch pipe of inlet 雨水口支管branch road (城市)支路，(厂内)支道bridge 桥梁bridge decking 桥面系bridge deck pavement 桥面铺装bridge floor expantion and contraction installation桥面伸缩装置bridge girder erection equipment 架桥机bridge on slope 坡桥bridge site 桥位bridle road 驮道broken chainage 断链broken stone 碎石broken back curve 断背曲线buried abutment 埋置式桥台bus bay 公交(车辆)停靠站bypass 绕行公路cable bent tower 索塔cable saddle 索鞍cable stayed bridge 斜接桥(斜张桥) cableway erecting equipment 缆索吊装设备California bearing ratio(CBR) 加州承载比(CBR) California bearing ratio tester加州承载比(CBR)测定仪camber curve 路拱曲线cantilever beam bridge 悬臂梁桥cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙capacity of intersection 交叉口通行能力capacity of network 路网通行能力capillary water 毛细水carriage way 车行道(行车道) cast-in-place cantilever method 悬臂浇筑法cationic emulsified bitumen 阳离子乳化沥青cattle-pass 畜力车道cement concrete 水泥混凝土cement concrete mixture 水泥混凝土混合料cement concrete pavement 水泥混凝土路面center-island 中心岛center lane 中间车道center line of road 道路中线center line survey 中线测量center stake 中桩central reserve 分隔带channelization 渠化交通channelization island 导流岛channelized intersection 分道转弯式交叉口chip 石屑chute 急流槽circular curve 圆曲线circular road 环路circular test 环道试验city road 城市道路civil engineering fabric 土工织物classified highway 等级公路classified road 等级道路clay-bound macadam 泥结碎石路面clearance 净空clearance above bridge floor 桥面净空clearance of span 桥下净空climatic zoning for highway 公路自然区划climbing lane 爬坡车道cloverleaf interchange 苜蓿叶形立体交叉coal tar 煤沥青cobble stone 卵石coefficient of scouring 冲刷系数cohesive soil 粘性土cold laid method 冷铺法cold mixing method 冷拌法cold stretched steel bar 冷拉钢筋column pier 柱式墩combination-type road system 混合式道路系统compaction 压实compaction test 击实试验compaction test apparatus 击实仪compactness test 压实度试验composite beam bridge 联合梁桥composite pipe line 综合管道(综合管廊) compound curve 复曲线concave vertical curve 凹形竖曲线concrete joint cleaner (水泥混凝土)路面清缝机concrete joint sealer (水泥混凝土)路面填缝机concrete mixing plant 水泥混凝土(混合料)拌和设备concrete paver 水泥混凝土(混合料)摊铺机concrete pump 水泥混凝土(混合料)泵concrete saw (水泥混凝土)路面锯缝机cone penetration test 触探试验conflict point 冲突点conical slope 锥坡consistency limit(of soil) (土的)稠度界限consolidated subsoil 加固地基consolidation 固结construction by swing 转体架桥法construction height of bridge 桥梁建筑高度construction joint 施工缝construction load 施工荷载construction survey 施工测量continuous beam bridge 连续梁桥contour line 等高线contraction joint 缩缝control point 路线控制点converging 合流convex vertical curve 凸形竖曲线corduroy road 木排道counterfort retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙counterfort abutment 扶壁式桥台country road 乡村道路county road 县公路(县道)，乡道creep 徐变critical speed 临界速度cross roads 十字形交叉cross slope 横坡cross walk 人行横道cross-sectional profile 横断面图cross-sectional survey 横断面测量crown 路拱crushed stone 碎石crushing strength 压碎值culture 地物culvert 涵洞curb 路缘石curb side strip 路侧带curve length 曲线长curve widening 平曲线加宽curved bridge 弯桥cut 挖方cut corner for sight line (路口)截角cut-fill transition 土方调配cut-fill transition program 土方调配图cutting 路堑cycle path 自行车道cycle track 自行车道deceleration lane 减速车道deck bridge 上承式桥deflection angle 偏角deflection test 弯沉试验degree of compaction 压实度delay 延误density of road network 道路(网)密度depth of tunnel 隧道埋深design elevation of subgrade 路基设计高程design frequency (排水)设计重现期design hourly volume 设计小时交通量design of elevation (城市道路)竖向设计design of vertical alignment 纵断面设计design speed 计算行车速度(设计车速) design traffic capacity 设计通行能力design vehicle 设计车辆design water level 设计水位desigred elevation 设计高程designed flood frequency 设计洪水频率deslicking treatment 防滑处理Deval abrasion testing machine狄法尔磨耗试验机(双筒式磨耗试验机) diamond interchange 菱形立体交叉differential photo 微分法测图direction angle 方向角directional interchange 定向式立体交叉diverging 分流dowel bar 传力杆drain opening 泄水口drainage by Pumping station (立体交叉)泵站排水drainage ditch 排水沟dressed stone 料石drop water 跌水dry concrete 干硬性混凝土ductility(of bitumen) (沥青)延度ductilometer (沥青)延度仪dummy joint 假缝dynamic consolidation 强夯法economic speed 经济车速economical hauling distance 土方调配经济运距element support 构件支撑elevation 高程(标高) embankment 路堤emergency parking strip 紧急停车带emulsified bitumen 浮化沥青erecting by floating 浮运架桥法erection by longitudinal pulling method纵向拖拉法erection by protrusion 悬臂拼装法erection with cableway 缆索吊装法evaporation pond 蒸发池expansion bearig 活动支座expansive soil 膨胀土expantion joint 胀缝expressway (城市)快速路external distance 外(矢)距fabricated bridge 装配式桥fabricated steel bridge 装拆式钢桥factories and mines road 厂矿道路factory external transportation line 对外道路factory-in road 厂内道路factory-out road 厂外道路fast lane 内侧车道faulting of slab ends 错台feeder highway 支线公路ferry 渡口fibrous concrete 纤维混凝土field of vision 视野fill 填方filled spandrel arch bridge 实腹拱桥final survey 竣工测量fineness 细度fineness modulus 细度模数fixed bearing 固定支座flare wing wall abutment 八字形桥台flared intersection 拓宽路口式交叉口flash point 闪点flash point tester(open cup method)闪点仪(开口杯式) flexible pavement 柔性路面flexible pier 柔性墩floor system 桥面系flush curb 平缘石foot way 人行道ford 过水路面forest highway 林区公路forest road 林区道路foundation 基础free style road system 自由式道路系统free way 高速公路free-flow speed 自由车速freeze road 冻板道路freezing and thawing test 冻融试验frost boiling 翻浆frozen soil 冻土full depth asphalt pavement全厚式沥青(混凝土)路面function planting 功能栽植general scour under bridge ope ning桥下一般冲刷geological section (道路)地质剖面图geotextile 土工织物gradation 级配gradation of stone (路用)石料等级grade change point 变坡点grade compensation 纵坡折减grade crossing 平面交叉grade length limitation 坡长限制grade of side slope 边坡坡度grade separation 简单立体交叉grade-separated junction 立体交叉graded aggregate pavement级配路面grader 平地机grain composition 颗粒组成granular material 粒料gravel 砾石gravity pier(abutment) 重力式墩、台gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙green belt 绿化带gridiron road system 棋盘式道路系统ground control-point survey 地面控制点测量ground elevation 地面高程ground stereophotogrammetry 地面立体摄影测量guard post 标柱guard rail 护栏guard wall 护墙gully 雨水口gutter 街沟(偏沟) gutter apron 平石gutter drainage 渠道排水half-through bridge 中承式桥hard shoulder 硬路肩hardening 硬化hardness 硬度haul road 运材道路heavy maintenance 大修hectometer stake 百米桩hedge 绿篱height of cut and fill at center stake 中桩填挖高度high strength bolt 高强螺栓high type pavement 高级路面highway公路highway landscape design 公路景观设计hill-side line 山坡线(山腰线) hilly terrain 重丘区horizontal alignment 平面线形horizontal curve 平曲线hot laid method 热铺法hot mixing method 热拌法hot stability(of bitumen) (沥青)热稳性hydraulic computation 水力计算hydraulicity 水硬性imaginary intersection point 虚交点immersed tunneling method 沉埋法inbound traffic 入境交通incremental launching method 顶推法industrial district road 工业区道路industrial solid waste (路用)工业废渣industrial waste base course 工业废渣基层inlet 雨水口inlet submerged culvert 半压力式涵洞inlet unsubmerged culvert 无压力式涵洞inorganic binder 无机结合料instrument station 测站intensity of rainstorm 暴雨强度intercepting ditch 截水沟interchange 互通式立体交叉interchange with special bicycle track分隔式立体交叉intermediate maintenance 中修intermediate type pavement 中级路面intersection (平面)交叉口intersection angle 交叉角，转角intersection entrance 交叉口进口intersection exit 交叉口出口intersection plan 交叉口平面图intersection point 交点intersection with widened corners加宽转角式交叉口jack-in method 顶入法kilometer stone 里程碑land slide 坍方lane 车道lane-width 车道宽度lateral clear distance of curve (平曲线)横净距lay-by 紧急停车带level of service 道路服务水平leveling course 整平层leveling survey 水准测量light-weight concrete 轻质混凝土lighting facilities of road 道路照明设施lime pile 石灰桩line development 展线linking-up road 联络线，连接道路liquid asphaltic bitumen 液体沥青liquid limit 液限living fence 绿篱load 荷载loading berm 反压护道loading combinations 荷载组合loading plate 承载板loading plate test 承载板试验local scour near pier 桥墩局部冲刷local traffic 境内交通location of line 定线location survey 定测lock bolt support with shotcrete 喷锚支护loess 黄土longitudinal beam 纵梁longitudinal gradient 纵坡longitudinal joint 纵缝loop ramp 环形匝道Los Angeles abrasion testing 洛杉矶磨耗试验机Machine (搁板式磨耗试验机) low type pavement 低级路面main beam 主梁main bridge 主桥maintenance 养护maintenance period 大中修周期manhole 检查井marginal strip 路缘带Marshall stability apparatus 马歇尔稳定度仪Marshall stability test 马歇尔试验masonry bridge 圬工桥maximum annual hourly volume年最大小时交通量maximum dry unit weight (标准)最大干密度maximum longitudinal gradient 最大纵坡mine tunneling method 矿山法mineral aggregate 矿料mineral powder 矿粉mini-roundabout 微形环交minimum height of fill (路基)最小填土高度minimum longitudinal gradient 最小纵坡minimum radius of horizontal curve最小平曲线半径minimum turning radius 汽车最小转弯半径mixed traffic 混合交通mixing method 拌和法mixture 混合法model split 交通方式划分modulus of elasticity 弹性模量modulus of resilienc 回弹模量modulus ratio 模量比monthly average daily traffic 月平均日交通量motor way 高速公路mountainous terrain 山岭区movable bridge 开启桥mud 淤泥multiple-leg intersection 多岔交叉national trunk highway 国家干线公路(国道) natural asphalt 天然沥青natural scour 自然演变冲刷natural subsoil 天然地基navigable water level 通航水位nearside lane 外侧车道net-shaped cracking 路面网裂New Austrian Tunnelling Method 新奥法observation point 测点one-way ramp 单向匝道open cut method 明挖法open cut tunnel 明洞open spandrel arch bridge 空腹拱桥opencast mine road 露天矿山道路operating speed 运行速度optimum gradation 最佳级配optimum moisture content 最佳含水量optimum speed 临界速度organic binder 有机结合科origin-destination study 起迄点调查outbound traffic 出境交通outled submerged culvert 压力式涵洞outlet inlet main road 城市出入干道overall speed 区间速度overlay of pavement 罩面overpass grade separation 上跨铁路立体交叉overtaking lane 超车车道overtaking sight distance 超车视距paper location 纸上定线paraffin content test 含蜡量试验parent soil 原状土parking lane 停车车道parking lot 停车场parking station 公交(车辆)停靠站part-put part-fill subgrade 半填半挖式路基pass 垭口passing bay 错车道patrol maintenance 巡回养护paved crossing 道口铺面pavement 路面pavement depression 路面沉陷pavement recapping 路面翻修pavement slab pumping 路面板唧泥pavement spalling 路面碎裂pavement strengthening 路面补强pavement structure layer 路面结构层pavemill 路面铣削机(刨路机) peak hourly volume 高峰小时交通量pedestrian overcrossing 人行天桥pedestrian underpass 人行地道penetration macadam with coated chips上拌下贯式(沥青)路面penetration method 贯入法penetration test apparatus 长杆贯入仪penetration(of bitumen) (沥青)针入度penetrometer (沥青)针入度仪periodical maintenance 定期养护permafrost 多年冻土permanent load 永久荷载perviousness test 透水度试验petroleum asphaltic bitumen 石油沥青photo index 像片索引图(镶辑复照图) photo mosaic 像片镶嵌图photogrammetry 摄影测量photographic map 影像地图pier 桥墩pile and plank retaining wall 柱板式挡土墙pile bent pier 排架桩墩pile driver 打桩机pipe culvert 管涵pipe drainage 管道排水pit test 坑探pitching method 铺砌法plain stage of slope 边坡平台plain terrain 平原区plan view (路线)平面图plane design (城市道路)平面设计plane sketch (道路)平面示意图planimetric photo 综合法测图plant mixing method 厂拌法plastic limit 塑限plasticity index 塑性指数Poisson’s ratio 泊松比polished stone value 石料磨光值pontoon bridge 浮桥porosity 空隙率portable pendulum tester 摆式仪possible traffic capacity 可能通行能力post-tensioning method 后张法pot holes 路面坑槽preliminary survey 初测preloading method 预压法prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土prestressed concrete bridge 预应力混凝土桥prestressed steel bar drawing jack张拉预应力钢筋千斤顶pretensioning method 先张法prime coat 透层productive arterial road 生产干线productive branch road 生产支线profile design 纵断面设计profilometer 路面平整度测定仪proportioning of cement concrete水泥混凝土配合比protection forest fire-proof road 护林防火道路provincial trunk highway 省干线公路(省道) railroad grade crossing (铁路)道口ramp 匝道rebound deflection 回弹弯沉reclaimed asphalt mixture 再生沥青混合料reclaimed bituminous pavement 再生沥青路面reconnaissance 踏勘red clay 红粘土reference stake 护桩reflection crack 反射裂缝refuge island 安全岛regulating structure 调治构造物reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete bridge 钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete pavement 钢筋混凝土路面reinforced earth retaining wall加筋土挡土墙relative moisture content(of soil)(土的)相对含水量relief road 辅道residentisl street 居住区道路resultant gradient 合成坡度retaining wall 挡土墙retaining of pavement 路面松散reverse curve 反向曲线reverse loop 回头曲线ridge crossing line 越岭线ridge line 山脊线right bridge 正交桥right bridge 正桥rigid frame bridge 刚构桥rigid pavement 刚性路面rigid-type base 刚性基层ring and radial road system 环形辐射式道路系统ripper 松土机riprap 抛石road 道路road alignment 道路线形road appearance 路容road area per citizen (城市)人均道路面积road area ratio (城市)道路面积率road axis 道路轴线road bed 路床road bitumen 路用沥青road condition 路况road condition survey 路况调查road crossing (平面)交叉口road crossing design 交叉口设计road engineering 道路工程road feasibility study (道路工程)可行性研究road improvement 改善工程road intersection 道路交叉(路线交叉) road mixing method 路拌法road network 道路网road network planning 道路网规划road planting 道路绿化road project (道路工程)方案图road trough 路槽road way 路幅rock breaker 凿岩机rock filled gabion 石笼roller 压路机rolled cement concrete 碾压式水泥混凝土rolling terrain 微丘区rotary interchange 环形立体交叉rotary intersection 环形交叉roundabout 环形交叉route development 展线route of road 道路路线route selection 选线routine maintenance 小修保养rubble 片石running speed 行驶速度rural road 郊区道路saddle back 垭口safety belt 安全带safety fence 防护栅salty soil 盐渍土sand 砂sand drain(sand pile) 砂井sand gravel 砂砾sand hazard 沙害sand mat of subgrade 排水砂垫层sand patch test 铺砂试验sand pile 砂桩sand protection facilities 防沙设施sand ratio 砂率sand sweeping 回砂sand sweeping equipment 回砂机sandy soil 砂性土saturated soil 饱和土scraper 铲运机seal coat 封层secondary trunk road (厂内)次干道，(城市)次干路seepage well 渗水井segregation 离析semi-rigid type base 半刚性基层separate facilities 分隔设施separator 分隔带sheep-foot roll 羊足压路机(羊足碾) shelter belt 护路林shield 盾构(盾构挖掘机) shield tunneling method 盾构法shoulder 路肩shrinkage limit 缩限side ditch 边沟side slope 边坡side walk 人行道sieveanalysis 筛分sight distance 视距sight distance of intersection 路口视距sight line 视线sight triangle 视距三角形silty soil 粉性土simple supported beam bridge 简支梁桥simple direction thrusted pier 单向推力墩simple-size aggregate 同粒径集料siphon culvert 倒虹涵skew bridge 斜交桥skew bridge 斜桥skid road 集材道路slab bridge 板桥slab culvert 盖板涵slab staggering 错位slide 滑坡slope protection 护坡slump 坍落度snow hazard 雪害snow plough 除雪机snow protection facilities 防雪设施soft ground 软弱地基soft soil 软土softening point tester(ring ball method)(沥青)软化点仪(环一球法) softening point(of bitumen) (沥青)软化点solubility(of bitumen) (沥青)深解度space headway 车头间距space mean speed 空间平均速度span 跨径span by span method 移动支架逐跨施工法spandrel arch 腹拱spandrel structure 拱上结构special vehicle 特种车辆speed-change lane 变速车道splitting test 劈裂试验spot speed 点速度spreading in layers 层铺法springing 弹簧现象stabilizer 稳定土拌和机stabilized soil base course 稳定土基层stage for heaping soil and broken rock 碎落台staggered junction 错位交叉standard axial loading 标准轴截steel bar heading press machine 钢筋冷墩机steel bridge 钢桥steel extention machine 钢筋拉伸机stiffness modulus 劲度stone coating test 石料裹覆试验stone crusher 碎石机stone spreader 碎石撒布机stopping sight distance 停车视距stopping truck heap (厂矿道路)阻车堤street 街道street drainage 街道排水street planting 街道绿化street trees 行道树strengthening layer 补强层strengthening of structure 加固stringer 纵梁striping test for aggregate 集料剥落试验structural approach limit of tunnel 隧道建筑限界sub-high type pavement 次高级路面subgrade 路基subgrade drainage 路基排水submersible bridge 漫水桥subsidence 沉陷subsoil 地基substructure 下部结构superelevation 超高superelevation runoff 超高缓和段superstructure 上部结构supported type abutment 支撑式桥台surface course 面层surface evenness 路面平整度surface frost heave 路面冻胀surface permeameter 路面透水度测定仪surface roughness 路面粗糙度surface slipperiness 路面滑溜surface water 地表水surface-curvature apparatus 路面曲率半径测定仪surrounding rock 围岩suspension bridge 悬索桥switch-back curve 回头曲线T intersection 丁字形交叉(T形交叉) T-shaped rigid frame bridge T形刚构桥tack coat 粘层tangent length 切线长tar 焦油沥青technical standard of road 道路技术标准Telford 锥形块石Telford base (锥形)块石基层Terrace 台地thermal insulation berm 保温护道thermal insulation course 隔温层thirtieth highest annual hourly volume年第30位最大小时交通量through bridge 下承式桥through traffic 过境交通tie bar 拉杆timber bridge 木桥time headway 车头时距time mean speed 时间平均速度toe of slope (边)坡脚tongue and groove joint 企口缝top of slope (边)坡顶topographic feature 地貌topographic map 地形图topographic survey 地形测量topography 地形township road 乡公路(乡道)traffic assignment 交通量分配traffic capacity 通行能力traffic composition 交通组成traffic density 交通密度traffic distribution 交通分布traffic flow 交通流traffic gencration 交通发生traffic island 交通岛traffic mirror 道路反光镜traffic planning 道路交通规划traffic safety device 交通安全设施traffic square 交通广场traffic stream 车流traffic survey 交通调查traffic volume 交通量traffic volume observation station 交通量观测站traffic volume prognosis 交通量预测traffic volume survey 交通量调查transition curve 缓和曲线transition slab bridge head 桥头搭板transition zone of cross section 断面渐变段transition zone of curve widening 加宽缓和段transitional gradient 缓和坡段transverse beam 横梁transverse joint 横缝traverse 导线traverse survey 导线测量trencher 挖沟机triaxial test 三轴试验trip 出行true joint 真缝trumpet interchange 喇叭形立体交叉trunk highway 干线公路truss bridge 桁架桥tunnel （道路）隧道tunnel boring machine 隧道掘进机tunnel lining 衬砌tunnel portal 洞门tunnel support 隧道支撑turnaround loop 回车道，回车场turning point 转点two-way curved arch bridge 双曲拱桥two-way ramp 双向匝道type of dry and damp soil base 土基干湿类型U-shaped abutment U形桥台under-ground pipes comprehensive design管线综合设计underground water 地下水underground water level 地下水位underpass grade separalion 下穿铁路立体交叉universal photo 全能法测图urban road 城市道路valley line 沿溪线variable load 可变载荷vehicle stream 车流vehicular gap 车（辆）间净距verge 路肩vertical alignment 纵面线形vertical curb 立缘石(侧石) vertical curve 竖曲线vertical profile map 路线纵断面图viameter 路面平整度测定仪vibratory roller 振动压路机viscosimeter (沥青)粘度仪viscosity (of bitumen) (沥青)粘(滞)度void ratio 孔隙比washout 水毁waste 弃土waste bank 弃土堆water cement ratio 水灰比water contenl 含水量water level 水位water reducing agent 减水剂water stability 水稳性water-bound macadam 水结碎石路面wearing course 磨耗层wearing 交织wearing point 交织点wearing section 交织路段wheel tracking test 车撤试验width of subgrade 路基宽度workability 和易性Y intersection Y形交叉。
水工词汇翻译
汉英水工及特种工程常用词汇A安全第一，客户至上。
Safety First and Customers First安装工艺installation technique岸壁码头quay wall,bulkhead wharf暗挖hidden excavation凹槽方块modified cubeBBOT项目build-operate-transfer(建设-经营-移交)project半开放厂房semi-open space半龙门起重机semi-Goliath crane半潜驳船semi-submersible barge半潜平台semi-submersible platform半斜坡式码头semi-sloping-faced wharf半直立式码头semi-vertical-faced wharf爆扩桩exploded blown tip pile爆填排淤法blasting-desilting-fillingmethod壁行吊cantilever crane臂架型起重机jib type crane变坡横移variable slope traversing变坡横移架variable slope traversing cradle变坡横移纵向滑道longitudinal slipway with variable slope traversing,slope-varying transversal transition(traverser)longitudinal slipway,滨水景观waterfront landscape冰储冷系统usable ice storage system,并列船坞side-by-side docks,abreast arranged docks不分级抛石防波堤breakwater ofungraded-rubble mound with run ofquarry material不停产条件下增设闸门a gate was added in parallel with a ship being built onthe slipway,to build a dock gatewithout interrupting ship constructionCCAZ钢板桩CAZ sheet pile采样孔sampling hole操作性文件operation-document侧堤断面transversal section of the side dyke叉桩braced pile,raking pile插打塑料排水板to insert plastic drainage sheets拆船量预测prediction for demolition of ships产品工时product(vessel)man-hour, man-hour of vessel construction产品数据管理product data management (PDM)产业集群industry cluster产业类历史地段historic industry area厂前区prop-area超大直径圆形薄壁地下连续墙circular thin shell diaphragm wall of superdiameter超限高层an out-of-codes tall building超重量固定吊ultra large object crane沉降和变位construction settlement and displacement沉井open caisson沉井基层sunk shaft foundation沉埋管pipe laying by embedding(method) pipeline embedment，pipe burying沉箱岸壁caisson quay wall沉箱结构caisson structure沉箱拼装assembly of caisson沉箱升浆基床围堰caisson ascending stage cement-grouted beddingcofferdam沉箱围堰caisson cofferdam成品保护production protection,assembled/fabricated productprotection成组技术group technology(GT)承台式坞墙bearing platform dock wall framework城市化urbanization程序文件procedure-document,documented procedure持力层bearing layer冲箱造波机plunger-type wavemaker/wave generator初始应力initial stress储存预分离罐storage and pre-separation tank船模水池拖车ship model towing carriage 船排(轨道式修船设备)slipway，railway drydock船排承架slipway（marine railway）cradle，longitudinal slipway of carriage船排纵向滑道railway type longitudinal launching ways(slipway)船坞泵站dock pump station船坞灌水dock flooding船坞基坑foundation pit of dock粗钢筋bar reinforcement粗拧（固定螺栓）primary tightening参见复拧(固定螺栓)secondary(final)tighteningD打夯机rammer打入式灌筑桩cast-in-situ pile-driving大跨度H型钢截面屋架large spanH-section steel roof大门entrance大头圆柱桩belled–out cylindrical pile大型钢浮箱large steel pontoon大型排水箱涵large size scupper drain tank大直径圆形单排钢板桩围堰largecircular/ringed cofferdam with steelsheet piles带缆墩mooring dolphin袋装砂井packet sand drain袋装砂井堆载预压packet sand drain with heaped-up preload单向锥形空间桁架reverse delta truss,▽-shaped truss倒挂液压系统reversal/upside downhanged hydraulic system 捣实/夯实ramming低绿化率low afforest rate底板(水闸)(water lock)under floor底板slab底舱开放式open bottom tank地方船厂local shipyard地基foundation soil地基承载力work site bearing capacity地基承载能力bearing capacity offoundation地基处理foundation soil treatment地脚螺栓(柴油机)holding-down bolt地下复式汽车库underground compound garage地下连续墙diaphragm wall,diaphragm retaining wall地下连续墙码头diaphragm retaining quay wall地下水位water table,groundwater level电加热electric heating电离方程ionization equation吊车道crane track path吊车梁系统crane beam system丁坝groin,spur dike丁顺坝spur training dike顶、埋管工程pipe(duct,tube)jacking and burying project顶管（施工法）duct(tube,pipe)-jacking顶管pipe jacking顶管穿越城市建筑和道路duct jacking underground city buildings and roads 顶管工程pipe jacking engineering顶升平台jackup platform定位栈桥Positioning dolphin and bridges 陡坡steep slope堵口围堰closure cofferdam短肢剪力墙shear-wall structure with short limb堆场stack yard堆放stack堆载预压to preload with heaped weights 对流采暖convective heating墩式结构pier configuration墩式码头berthing pillar,dolphin type pier 墩柱式码头pillar quay蹾底bottom striking钝头桩blunt pile多管段沉埋法multi section ducts sunken technology多样化diversificationE二段缺氧-好氧生化处理工艺treatment method/technique of anoxic-aerobic-anoxic-aerobic(A-O-A-O)F筏板slab方案设计tentative/conceptual design feasibility design方块防波堤concrete-block gravity wall breakwater方块浇筑pouring of concrete block方块抛填block dumping方块码头concrete block quay wall方块压载loaded by concrete blocks防波堤breakwater，mole防波堤口门breakwater entrance,breakwater gap防波堤方块breakwater block防波堤胸墙crown wall防沙堤sediment barrier,jetty防渗to prevent permeation/leakage防渗结构anti-percolation防振沟anti vibration ditch非对称线性方程nonsymmetrical linear equation非生物降解废水non-biodegradedwastewater,废水处理站wastewater treatment station 分级抛石防波堤breakwater ofgraded-rubble mound with run ofquarry material粉喷桩dry cement jet mixing pile风化岩石weathered rock风机围护结构enclosure framework of fans 浮式坞门floating dock gate 浮箱式干船坞floating caisson type dry dock浮运沉埋钢管to bury steel ducts(pipes, tubes)via floating carriage(transport)method,复合桩基complex pile foundation复拧（固定螺栓）secondary(final)tightening参见粗拧（固定螺栓）primary tightening复兴renaissance复杂砖混结构Complex masonry structure 扶壁结构counterforted wall structure, buttressed wall structure扶壁式闸墙buttress wall,counterfort wall 扶壁码头counterfort quay,buttressed quayG改扩建工程conversion and expansion project干法施工dry excavation(method)干开挖施工dry excavation construction干砌块石/灌砌块护面capping rocks(mortar free laying stone)/blanketgrouting(grouted)干砌块石mortar free laying riprap rock (stone)干容重dry unit weight，volume-weight, appearance density刚性承台rigid relieving platform supported on bearing piles钢板桩steel sheet pile钢板桩围堰sheeting cofferdam钢材加工量steel processing amount钢沉箱steel caisson钢管混凝土结构concrete filled steeltubular structure钢结构排架steel framework钢筋网bar-mat reinforcement钢壳浮箱坞口steel floating pontoon dock entrance钢壳混凝土桩基沉井结构steel casing concrete pile base well,钢料入口steel plate entrance钢柱系统steel-column system钢珠滑道steel roller slipway港池port pool,harbor basin港池码头basin type quay/wharf高低轨纵向滑道high-low railways(slide guide)longitudinal slipway高含盐浓度废水high concentrated brine wastewater高精度恒温房constant temperature room with high precision thermostat,constant temperature room forhigh-precision instruments(devices),constant temperature room forsophisticated laboratory高压旋喷加固intensification to the silt soil by means of high pressure jetgrouting method高桩板梁结构high pile plate beamstructure,open pile and plate beamconfiguration(structure)高桩承台high-level platform supported on bearing piles,high pile-supportplatform格形板桩围堰grid sheet pile cofferdam格形地下连续墙grid diaphragm wall格形地下墙grid diaphragm wall,gridding concrete retaining wall隔声noise insulation工程监理engineering supervision工程造价Project cost,工业厂房industrial building工业规划设计美学design aesthetic of industrial planning工艺处理process工艺流程process flow工艺设计technological design,technology design,process design,engineeringprocess design公用动力public utility,utility power供电可靠性power supply reliability供水water supply供应链计划supply chain planning(SCP)拱形滑道cambered ways共同作用interaction 勾头丁坝hooked groin顾客需求和期望client’s demand and expectation管理信息化系统management information system管幕工法tunnel fore poling method(TFM), pipe roofing method灌浆mortar penetration,mortar grouting, grouting灌浆帷幕grouting screen灌砌块grouted blocks过电压保护overvoltage protectionHHIVAS焊接装置(high voltage ampere and speed)welding equipment/machine 海洋工程marine engineering海洋工程水池ocean basin含氟污水fluoride wastewater含油污水oily(waste)water焊材耗量consumption of welding material 焊接工时welding man-hour焊接箱形吊车梁welded box-section crane girder行车traveling crane河床river bed河道river channel/course河底river bottom河底宽bottom width of riverbed河口river mouth,stream outlet,estuary, outfall河口宽（河床上口宽度）Upper width of riverbed河口宽度（河流入海口宽度）stream outlet width，width at the mouth of a river，核心竞争力core-competitiveness黑臭河道polluted river channels恒温房constant temperature room横向高低轨滑道side slipway with top and lower railways横向高低腿滑道side slipway with wheels of transporter in different level(横向)倾斜下水滑道canted way横向梳式滑道comb type side slipway横向下水滑道side launching way横移transversal transition/motion/traveling 横移车transition carriage横移区transition zone横移区底板基础the bottom foundation (bedding)of the transition zone横移装置traverser衡重式方块码头counterweightcross-section block quay wall虹吸断流siphon water interception虹吸式屋面雨水排水系统siphon drainage system of roof后板桩式高桩码头rear sheet-pilingplatform,relieving platform type wharfsupported on bearing piles后张法预应力混凝土桩posttentioned prestressed concrete pile弧形纵向滑道arcing/arching longitudinal slipway,curved slipway互动化interaction护岸bank revetment，bank protection, shore protection护岸丁坝shore protection groin护岸潜堤submerged protection dike护岸墙bank revetting wall护脚工程toe protection of dam,toeprotection of slope护面wall panel,wall facing护面垫层fitter layer under armor护面块石armor rock护面块体armor unit护面块体安放artificial armor placement护坡slope protection,pitched slope滑道摇架slipway cradle滑道转盘slipway turntable化学品污水chemical wastewater化学旋喷桩chemical churning pile环境影响评价environment impactassessment(EIA)换气次数air change rate回淤siltation混合堤omposite dyke混流风机mixed-flow fans火灾探测报警系统fire detection and alarmsystemJ机加工作业油雾oil-mist in machining operation机械通风mechanical ventilation基础设施infrastructure基坑foundation pit极早期探测very early detection集中计量concentrative metering,centralized measurement system挤密法compaction process计算机辅助设计computer aideddesign(CAD)计算机辅助工程computer aidedengineering(CAE)计算机辅助制造computer aidedmanufacturing(CAM)计算机集成制造系统computer integrated manufacturing system(CIMS)计算流体力学computational fluiddynamics(CFD)加工和测试设备manufacturing and testing equipment加工设备machining equipment加固consolidation加固面积consolidation area加翼振动法vibro wing method加翼桩winged pile家庭网络household network家庭自动化household automation甲供材料监理supervision of material supplied by client,supervision(control)over client-supplied material 尖头桩pointed pile减少零件变化variety reduction program (VRP)舰船保障系统ship guarantee system江海滩涂river and sea beach(strands)浆砌块石mortar laying riprap rock/stone 接长工程lengthening project节能economizing energy,energyconservation(saving),reduce energyconsumption洁净度cleanness结构筋structural reinforcement bar结构空间整体性space monolithicperformance of structure结露(dew)condensation,dewfall,井壁刃脚the lower edge(rim)of the well casing井点排水drainage by well points井格式板梁well lattice beam净化purification净化送风单元purified air supply unit境外项目overseas project静电法electrostatic method静压箱static pressure box就地灌注桩site filling pile就地灌注混凝土桩(简称“灌注桩”)cast-in-situ concrete pile,cast-in-place concrete pile巨型方块防波堤gravity breakwater with giant blocks,concrete monolithupright on rubble mound compositebreakwater巨型分段giant(hull)block均质化homogenization均质滤料uniform(filtering)mediumK开敞式港池open dock,open basin,unclosed dock开底沉箱open caisson开放系统互连参考模型open system interconnection reference model(OSIRM)开孔箱防波堤perforated concrete caisson breakwater开山石quarry rock,shot rock抗风桁架wind resistant truss抗渗性anti-permeability抗震seismic resistance靠船墩berthing dolphin可持续发展sustainable development可控夯实回填controlled compactedrefilling 空调冷冻水系统HVAC chilled watersystem空间分析法three-dimensional analysis method空间桁架spatial joist,spatial truss,space truss空气处理机组air treatment unit空气污染治理air pollution treatment空心大板码头wharf of precast hollow slab, hollow flat slab type with open pilewharf）modified cube quay wall空心方块码头hollow square quay wall, concrete cellular block quay wall孔板送风air supply with aperture board孔道灌浆grouting in hole,grouting of annular space块石riprap rock/stone宽体式码头(连片式码头)solid deck pier扩建工程（项目）expansion projectLLNG气化站LNG vaporizing station缆风绳（牵索，绷绳）guy rope雷击电磁脉冲lightning electromagnetic impulse累积误差accumulative(accumulated) error冷凝水condensate离心式空压机centrifugal air compressor 立体仓库automatic warehouse,连片式码头(宽体式码头)solid deck pier临时刚性接头temporary rigid joint临时性provisionality龙骨墩keel(middle)block（船底龙骨板下的）,docking block(船坞的)楼宇自控系统building automation(BA) system漏电（自动）开关residual current（automatic）circuit breaker露天车间open air worksite,roof-free working field滤筒法filter cartridge method螺旋桩screw pileM码头wharf,pier码头岸线water front of wharf码头沉降量settlement of wharf码头端部翼墙wing wall at quay end码头扶壁quay wall counterfout码头改扩建工程（项目）wharf conversion and extension project码头管沟quay conduit and cable trench码头回填wharf back fill码头路面quay passage pavement码头铺面quay area pavement码头胸墙parapet wall,breast wall蛮石地基(基础)boulder base(foundation, bedding)锚拉杆anchored tie rod锚拉式钢板桩anchored steel sheet pile锚链调质处理生产线anchor chainhardening and tempering productionline门式刚架door-like rigid frame建议gantry rigid frame免维护maintenance free模块造船技术module shipbuildingtechnology抹平float木丝板wood wool board,cement bondN能耗energy consumption扭工（字）体护面doloses facing(revetment)扭工字块体dolos扭王字块体aooropodeP排水drainage discharge排水泵房drainage pumping station抛石riprapping of stone,dropping of rock 抛石基床riprap bed,riprap bedding,rubble foundation,rubble base抛石斜坡堤rock-filling sloped dike,抛填开山石dumped rock-filling泡沫喷淋系统foam sprinkling system配筋reinforcement,reinforcing bar 喷射钻孔灌注桩ejector-bored grouting pile 膨润土bentonite膨胀水泥expansive cement膨胀土expansion soil,heaving clay平底四脚锥体quadripod平地建造on-ground-build,to be built on ground平顶丁坝horizontal crest groin平面分段生产线panel(block)production line平面分析法planar analysis method平面桁架plane joist平顺护岸parallel revetmentQ企业资源计划enterprise resourcesplanning(ERP)起重运输lifting and transportation气动葫芦pneumatic hoist,air hoist气动式造波机pneumatic wavemaker气水反冲air-water backwashing气压沉箱pneumatic caisson气压式防波堤pneumatic breakwater气压挖泥船(气力泵挖泥船)pneumatic pump dredger砌石坝stone masonry dam前板桩高桩承台码头front sheet piling platform强夯heavily tamped,weight tampered墙架系统wall frame system桥式起重机overhead crane取水(引水)to intake water,water intake, water-intaking圈围enclosure,dyking,embankment圈围工程cofferdam engineering,enclosure/embankment engineering 全埋式地下车库whole-buriedunderground garage全淹没式高倍数泡沫灭火系统totalflooding of high expansion foamextinguishing systemR燃气红外线辐射取暖系统gas-fired infraredradiant heating system热水地板辐射采暖hot water floor radiant heating人车分流原则vehicles divided principle 人工岛artificial island人性化humanity(employee)-oriented，人字闸门miter gate柔性制造系统flexible manufacturing system(FMS)软基处理Soft-soil foundationprocessing/consolidation软体排(塑料沉排)plastic sinking mattress 软土地基soft ground,soft soil foundationSSMW工法SMW method三级离心冷水机组3-stage centrifugal chillers三角闸门wedge gate三维有限元法three dimensional finite element method,3D FE method三柱体(斜坡堤或护岸工程的护面）tribar 砂垫层sand cushion沙垫层分离结构sand cushion separation structure砂浆板桩Sand-grouting sheet piles砂土地层sandy foundation商业空间整合commercial spaceintegration上层建筑生产中心superstructureproduction center上排up to slipway上排重量ship-landing weight上挑丁坝upward-angled spur dike蛇动式造波机snake-motion typewavemaker社会化供应socialized supply,社会化专业化生产socialized andspecialized production深厚块石地层deep-thick block rock strata 深基础工程deep foundation(excavation) project深水试验池deepwater offshore basin升船机转盘turntable of ship lift 升浆cement grout升浆管grouting riser升浆技术step-up cement grout升降机上墩下水设备ship elevation plant生产管理production management生物化学处理biochemical treatment剩余电流保护装置residual current device （RCD）施工筋Constructional reinforcement bar石油转运oil transit时间序列法time series method事前控制advanced control适应性改造adaptability conversion手拉葫芦chain block疏水阀（阻汽器）steam trap输水water delivery塑料沉排(软体排)plastic sinking mattress,塑料排水板plastic drainage sheet，plastic dewatering sheet树脂模铸型母线resin-molded bus-bar (bus-bar insulated by mold-castresin)竖管灌注混凝土concreting with tremie竖直防渗措施vertical waterproofing device, vertical watertight measure数控等离子切割机NC plasma cutting machine数控激光切割机NC laser cutting machine 数值模拟numerical simulation数值模拟计算numerical modeling双壁园形钢沉箱double wall round steel caisson双工况duplex operation双轨分节式船排小车（首车）dual-rail fore carriage,multi-section type双排钢板桩double-wall steel sheet pile, double-row steel sheet pile双曲线整流隔板hyperbola commutate clapboard建议hyperbola fairing vane(plate)双向廊道bidirectional tunnel水储冷系统usable chilled water storage system水工工程hydraulic engineering,waterfrontengineering/project水工工艺waterfront technic/technology水工混凝土hydraulic engineering concrete 水工建筑(物)hydraulic structure,hydro-structure,marine structure(construction)水工结构hydraulic configuration,waterfront structure(facilities,installations)水工结构设计maritime structure design 水工设施waterfront facilities(installations)水力回填hydraulic refilling水泥灌浆cement grouting水泥搅拌桩in-situ mixing concrete pile水泥搅拌桩加固to be reinforced with in-situ mixing concrete piles水泥土搅拌桩cement soil mixing stake,水平船台horizontal berth,horizontalbuilding berth,horizontal ship berth水平滑道horizontal launching way/slipway 水上基坑excavation pit in water area水上基坑围护法construction method of foundation pit surrounded by water水上抛填dumping and filling on water水下岸坡shoreface inshore水下沉桩driving under water水下封底bottom covering method in the pit水下基槽开挖underwater foundation trench excavation水下基层爆炸夯实blasting compaction of underwater bedding水下基床抛石underwater foundation rock filling水下浇灌混凝土subaqueous concreting水下清淤underwater desilting水下清渣underwater clearing水下施工sub-aqueous construction水下整平机underwater flattener(leveling) machine顺岸码头marginal type wharf,marginal type quay顺堤parallel dyke四脚空心方块hollow-square(?)四脚锥体tetrapod送排风系统ventilation system素混凝土垫层plain concrete cushion素土natural soil碎石垫层Crushed rock cushion隧道型全封闭声屏障roofed soundproof shied,tunnel type soundproof barrierT藤壶balanus,acorn shell梯度输送理论gradient transportation theory天然冲积堤levee天然石材natural stone统筹原理statistical principle突堤码头jetty type wharf,pier,finger pier 土坝earth dam土坝围堰earth dam cofferdam土的最大干容重maximum volume-weight of dry soil,maximum dry bulk densityof soil土方开挖earth excavation土工织物geo-textile civil engineering fabric土夯实ramming of earth，earth ramming 土沙心堤rubble mound with a loam core 土围堰earth cofferdam土压力盒pressure cells土压实rolling of earth脱硫desulphurizationW挖除污泥sullage(mud,muck,slurry) removed挖入式港池excavated basin,dig-in basin 外部围护结构设计design ofexterior-protective structure,structuredesign for exterior protection外闸首outer lock head网架reticular frame网架结构grid structure围堤embankment文克尔地基梁Wenkler grade beam稳定性分析stability analysis卧式轴流水泵horizontal axial flow pump 污水综合排放标准Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard(DB31/199-1997)屋顶自然通风器roof natural vent devices 屋架系统roof frame system,roof system 无梁楼盖non-beam flat slab无梁面板高桩码头wharf of precastreinforcement concrete slab withoutbeam flat slab type open pile wharf无声打桩机silent pile driver,hydraulic pile driver无围堰湿法施工cofferdam-free wetconstruction method无限自走推进工法Endless Self Advancing Method(ESA)坞壁结构dock wall framework水工工艺marlin engineering坞底板dock floor坞墩docking block坞口dock head(mouth),entrance of dock, dock entrance坞口砌石stone facing of dock entrance坞门dock gate,caisson坞门槽dock gate slot坞门墩dock gate block坞门槛dock threshold坞墙dock wall坞墙垂直度dock wall squareness坞墙位移dock wall displacement坞室dock chamber物流组织logistics organization物探geophysical explorationX西气东输工程West-east natural gastransportation project,west-to-eastgas delivery project舾装码头outfitting quay下水坞上坞阶upper stage of dock,下水坞下坞阶lower stage of dock下挑丁坝downward-angled spur dike先张法预应力混凝土桩pretentioning(prestressed)concrete pile,pretentioned concrete pile现场控制单元local control unit现场总线field bus现场总线控制系统field-bus control system (FCS)现代造船模式modern shipbuilding mode 箱模式Box model项目监理project supervision，project supervisor/overseer（职务）削角式防波堤chamfered gravitybreakwater消声水池sound-absorbing basin楔形架横向滑道V-shape(wedge type) cradle transversal slipway(sidelaunching way)斜架滑道inclined(frame)launching way 斜架纵向滑道inclined cradle longitudinal slipway斜坡堤inclined breakwater,sloping dyke 斜坡水池slope(water)basin泄压比值ratio of released pressure泄压面积area of released pressure信息化建设information construction信息技术information technology(IT)虚拟现实virtual reality(VR)虚墙fictitious wall旋喷基床churning(pile)bedding旋喷桩churning pileY压力灌浆pressure grouting压桩pile jacking,thrust pile driving摇板造波机rocker wave generator,paddle type wavemaker摇板造波机rocker wave-generator摇架滑轨=cradle slide guide摇架纵向滑道tiltable cradle longitudinal slipway一次泵变流量系统variable primary flow system一次泵定流量系统constant primary flow system一次性整体沉埋sink/bury the ducts as a whole(in one stroke)一字闸门(单扇旋转闸门)single revoluting gate移动点式载荷movable point-mode load异形方块码头modified cube quay wall异形块体irregualar concrete unit引桥bridge approach,approach pier引桥式码头T-head,L-shaped(п-shaped) pier,approach trestle pier引水工程river diversion works饮食业废水catering wastewater永久驳岸permanent bulkhead油码头oil terminal游泳馆natatorium有机污染物organic pollutants淤泥质土silty soil淤塞to silt up鱼道channel/opening for fish migration, fish-way,fish-pass雨淋系统water sprinkling(sprayer)system 雨水泵站rainfall pump station预装配箱式配电站preassembledcontainer-type power distributionstation(substation)运输和吊装transportation and liftingZ早强混凝土early strength concrete造波系统wave-making system造船坞dry dock,building dock造风系统wind generation system造流系统current flow generating system, current generation system噪声控制noise control噪声治理noise treatment栅栏板护面fence protective covering照度illuminance，illumination intensity照明灯具luminaires,lighting fixtures折线（变坡）滑道knuckling line slipway 枕木道砟/渣结构crosstie-ballastconfiguration(structure,construction)振冲碎石桩vibrator-impactedcrushed-rock pile振动屏障vibration shield真空预压vacuum pre-loading 整体钢浮箱integrated steel pontoon整体砌筑码头masonry quay wall整体式浮船坞single unit floating dock整体稳定monolithic stability整治工程rectification(regulation)project 支承桩end-bearing pile支持墙gate quoin支墩式靠船建筑物counterfort berthing structure直接数字（码）控制direct digital control (DDC)止滑器trigger止水墙water-proof wall止水帷幕water-proof curtain制造工艺manufacturing technicsfabrication technology制造资源计划manufacturing resources planning(MRP)智能家居intelligent residence中间类型桩friction and end-bearing pile 重大件heavy component(object)重大件吊装设备heavy lift facility重载水平船台heavy loaded shipbuilding berth轴向直流式旋风除尘器axial cyclone主桩板桩结构pile and sheet-pile主桩套板结构pile with horizontal timber 注浆管cement mortar filling pipe注水式船坞flooding dock柱帽column cap专管输送supply(deliver)gas via special designed pipeline转轮除湿机rotary dehumidifier转盘架体turning table cradle/poppet转盘纵向滑道turntable longitudinalslipway桩单元模型Pile cell model桩筏基础piles-raft foundation桩基pile foundation装配式浮囤船assembled type(floating) dummy barge装卸loading and unloading自动灭火系统automatic fire extinguishing system自动喷水-泡沫联用系统combinedfoam-sprinkling system自立式围护结构self-retaining structure自然通风natural ventilation自体抗沉floatage resisting with ownweight综合溢流系统integrated overflowingsystem总承包管理general(design andconstruction)contractingmanagement总平面布置general layout纵向船排滑道longitudinal slipway ofcarriage纵向垂直升船机longitudinal type vertical ship lifter纵向倾斜船台longitudinal inclined building berth纵向倾斜船台及滑道longitudinal inclined slipway and launching way纵向水平(下水)滑道horizontal launching longitudinal slipway阻尼隔声包扎insulation dampingenswathe组合钢板桩combined steel pile对拉结构back-to-back tie rods组合式吊车梁combined crane girder钻孔（灌注）桩bored pile作业指导书operational instructions---------。
公路工程名词术语中英文对照11
踏勘 reconna
intersection entran g
adside facilities izzling screen
辅助标志 au issance
ce
交错路段 we
交通安全设
反光标志 ref xiliary sign
可行性研究
交叉口出口 aving section
施 traffic safety lective sign
e crossing
minimum radius
加宽缓和段
平均纵坡 av stance，
环形交叉 rot
互通式立体
of horizontal cur transition zone of erage gradient
stopping sigh ary intersection 交叉 Interchange
道路服务水 gin-destination stu
分离式行车
路侧人行道
路拱横坡 cr
交通量 maximum 平 level of servic dy
道 Divided carria sidewalk
own slope
annual hourly v e
出行 trip
geway
分隔带 lane
公路建筑限
自行车道 cy
路拱 cambe ntal curve
capacity
cle path
r； crown
极限最小平
弯道加宽 cu
变坡点 grad
停车视距 no
斜交叉 skew
separate grad
曲线半径 limited rve widening
e change point n-passing sight di intersection
公路工程名词术语中英文对照11
公路工程名词术语中英文对照公路highway道路road公路工程highway engineering公路网highway network公路网密度highway density公路等级highway classification公路自然区划climatic zoning for highway公路用地highway right--of--way高速公路freeway等级公路classified highway辅道relief road干线公路arterial highway支线公路feeder highway专用公路accommodate highway国家干线公路〔国道〕national trunk highway.省级干线公路〔省道〕provincial trunk highway县公路〔县道〕county road乡公路〔乡道〕township road辐射式公路radial highway环形公路ring highway绕行公路bypass交通结构traffic structure交通组成traffic composition混合交通mixed traffic交通流traffic flow交通流理论traffic flow theory车流vehicle stream交通密度traffic density车头间距Space headway车头时距time headway 车间净距vehicular gap延误delay地点速度spot speed行驶速度running speed运行速度operating speed临界速度critical speed平均速度average speed计算行车速度(设计车速) design speed交通量traffic volume年平均日交通量annual average daily月平均日交通量monthly averagedaily traffic年第30 位最大小时交通量thirtiethhighest annual hourly volume年最大小时交通量maximum annualhourly volume设计小时交通量design hourly volume通行能力traffic capacity根本通行能力basic traffic capacity可能通行能力possible traffic capacity设计通行能力design traffic capacity道路效劳水平level of service公路交通规划traffic planning交通调查traffic survey交通量调查traffic volume survey交通量观测站traffic volumeobservation station起迄点调查〔OD 调查〕origin-destination study出行trip境内交通local traffic过境交通through traffic交通发生traffic generation交通分布traffic distribution交通分配traffic assignment交通预测traffic prognosis行车道carriageway别离式行车道Divided carriageway车道lane变速车道speed-change lane加速车道acceleration lane减速车道deceleration lane爬坡车道climbing lane停车道parking lane错车道turn-out lane自行车道cycle path路侧人行道sidewalk分隔带lane separator中央分隔带median divider中间带central strip路肩shoulder；verge路缘带marginal strip路缘石kerb；curb侧向余宽lateral clearance路拱camber；crown路拱横坡crown slope公路建筑限界clearance of highway公路路线highway route公路线形highway alignment平面线形horizontal alignment纵面线形vertical alignment线形要素alignment elements平曲线horizontal curve极限最小平曲线半径limitedminimum radius of horizontal curv复曲线compound curve反向曲线reverse curve断背曲线broken-back curve回头曲线switch-back curve缓和曲线transition curve竖曲线vertical curve弯道加宽curve widening加宽缓和段transition zone of curve超高superelevation超高缓和段superelevation runoff纵坡longitudinal gradient最大纵坡maximum longitudinalgradient最小纵坡minimum longitudinalgradient变坡点grade change point平均纵坡average gradient坡长限制grade length limitation高原纵坡折减highland gradecompensation缓和坡段transition grading zone合成坡度resultant gradient视距sight distance停车视距non-passing sight distance，stopping sight distance超车视距passing sight distance道路交叉road intersection道口railroad grade crossing平面交叉at-grade intersection；gradecrossing正交叉right-angle intersection斜交叉skew intersection环形交叉rotary intersection十字形交叉〞十〞intersectionT 形交叉T intersection错位交叉offset intersection；staggeredjunctionY 形交叉Y intersection立体交叉grade separation别离式立体交叉simple gradeseparation，separate grade crossing互通式立体交叉Interchange目蓿叶形立体交叉full cloverleafinterchange局部目蓿叶形立体交叉cloverleafinterchange菱形立体交叉diamond interchange定向式立体交叉directionalinterchange喇叭形立体交叉three-Leginterchange环形立体交叉rotary interchange匝道ramp交叉口road crossing；intersection交叉口进口intersection entrance交叉口出口intersection exit加铺转角式交叉口intersection withwidened corners拓宽路口式交叉口flared intersection分道转弯式交叉口channelizedintersection渠化交通channelization交织weaving交织路段weaving section合流converging分流diverging冲突点conflict point交通岛traffic island导流岛channelization island中心岛central island平安岛refuge island沿线设施roadside facilities交通平安设施traffic safety device人行横道crosswalk人行地道pedestrian underpass人行天桥pedestrian overcrossing护栏guard fence防护栅guard fence，safety barrier遮光栅anti-dizzling screen应急emergency telephone反光标志reflective sign反光路钮reflective button弯道反光镜traffic mirror道路交通标志road traffic sign警告标志warning sign禁令标志regulatory sign指示标志guide sign指路标志information sign辅助标志auxiliary sign可变信息标志changeable messagesign路面标线pavement marking防雪设施snow protection facilities防沙设施sands protection facilities隔音墙acoustic barrier停车场parking area踏勘reconnaissance可行性研究feasibility study线形设计highway alignment design公路景观设计highway landscapedesign选线route selection路线控制点control point定线location比拟线alternative line展线line development初测preliminary survey定测location survey地貌topographic feature地物culture地形topography台地terrace垭口pass；saddle back平原区plain terrain微丘区rolling terrain重丘区hilly terrain山岭区mountainous terrain沿溪线valley line山脊线ridge line山坡线hill-sideline越岭线ridge crossing line土方调配cut-fill transition土方调配图cut-fill transition program 土方调配经济运距economical hauling distance导线traverse导线测量traverse survey中线center line中线测量center line survey施工测量construction survey竣工测量final survey(路线)平面图plan交点intersection point虚交点imaginary intersection point转点turning point；转角intersection angle方位角azimuth angle象限角bearing 方向角direction angle切线长tangent length曲线长curve length外(矢)距external secant测站instrument station测点observation point中桩center stake加桩additional stake护桩reference stake断链broken chainage水准测量leveling survey水准点benchmark绝对基面absolute datum高程elevation地面高程ground elevation设计高程designed elevation(路线)纵断面图profile中桩填挖高度cut and fill at centerstake地形测量topographic survey基线baseline地形图topographic map等高线contour line横断面测量cross-sectional survey横断面图cross-section坑探pit test钻探boring摄影测量photogrammetry航空摄影测量aerial photogrammetry地面立体摄影测量ground stereophotogrammetry地面控制点测量ground control-pointsurvey航摄基线aerophoto base影像地图photographic map像片索引图(镶辑复照图) photo index航摄像片判读aerophoto interpretation综合法测图planimatric photo全能法测图universal photo微分法测图differential photo像片镶嵌图photo mosaic路基subgrade路堤embankment路堑cutting半填半挖式路基part cut-partfillsubgrade台口式路基benched subgrade路基宽度width of subgrade路基设计高程design elevation ofsubgrade(路基)最小填土高度minimum heightof fill边坡side slope边坡坡度grade of side slope(边)坡顶top of slope(边)坡脚toe of slope护坡道berm边坡平台plain stage of slope碎落台berm at the foot of cuttingslope护坡slope protection挡土墙retaining wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall衡重式挡土墙balance weightretaining wall悬臂式挡土墙cantilever retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙counterfort retainingwall柱板式挡土墙column-plate tetainingwall锚杆式挡土墙anchored retaining wallby tie rods锚碇板式挡土墙anchored bulkheadtetaining wall石笼rock filled gabion抛石riprap路基排水subgrade drainage边沟side ditch截水沟intercepting ditch排水沟drainage ditch急流槽chute跌水drop water蒸发池evaporation pond盲沟blind drain渗水井seepage well透水路堤permeable embankment过水路面ford填方fill挖方cut借土borrow earth弃土waste取土坑borrow pit弃土堆waste bank回填土back--filling黄土loess软土soft soil淤泥mud泥沼moor泥炭peat盐渍土salty soil膨胀土expansive soil冻土frozen soil多年冻土permafrost流砂quicksand软弱地基soft ground强夺法dynamic consolidation预压法preloading method反压护道loading berm砂井sand drain路基砂垫层sand mat of subgrade压实compaction压实度degree of compaction〔标准〕最大干容重maximum dryunit weight相对密实度relative density毛细水capi11ary water土石方爆破blasting procedure抛掷爆破blasting for throwing rock爆破漏斗blasting crater松动爆破blasting for loosening rock爆破作用圈acting circ les of blasting路面pavement弹性层状体系理论elastic multilayertheory〔回弹〕弯沉deflection加州承载比〔CBR 〕Californiabearing ratio, CBR)路面宽度width of pavement路槽road trough刚性路面rigid pavement柔性路面flexible pavement路面结构层pavement structure layer面层surface course磨耗层wearing course联结层binder course基层base course垫层bed course隔水层aquitard隔温层thermal insulating course封层sea1 coat透层prime coat保护层protection course补强层streng thening layer高级路面high type pavement次高级路面sub--high type pavement中级路面intermediate type pavement低级路面low type pavement水泥混凝土路面cement concretepavement沥青路面bituminous pavement沥青混凝土路面bituminous concretepavement沥青碎石路面bituminous macadampavement沥青贯入碎〔砾〕石路面bituminouspenetration pavement沥青外表处治bituminous surfacetreatment块料路面block pavement石块路面stone block pavement泥结碎石路面clay--bound macadampavement水结碎石路面water--bound macadampavement级配路面graded aggregate pavement稳定土基层stabilized soil base course工业废渣基层industrial waste basecourse块石基层Telford base层铺法spreading in layers拌和法mixing method厂拌法plant mixing method路拌法road mixing method热拌泼hot mixing method冷拌法cold mixing method热铺法hot laid method冷铺法cold laid method贯入法penetration method铺砌法pitching method缩缝contraction joint胀缝expansion joint真缝true joint假缝dummy joint横缝transverse Jo1nt纵缝longitudinal joint施工缝construction joint传力杆dowel bar拉杆tie bar路面平整度surface evenness路面粗糙度surface roughness路面摩擦系数friction coefficient of pavement附着力adhesive force水滑现象hydroplaning phenomenon 桥梁bridge公路桥highway bridge公铁两用桥highway and rail transit bridge人行桥pedestrian bridge跨线桥overpass bridge高架桥viaduct永久性桥permanent bridge半永久性桥semi-permanent bridge 临时性桥temporary bridge 钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concretebridge预应力混凝土桥prestressed concretebridge钢桥steel bridge圬工桥masonry bridge木桥timber bridge正交桥right bridge斜交桥skew bridge弯桥curved bridge坡桥bridge on slope斜桥skew bridge正桥right bridge上承式桥deck bridge中承式桥half-through bridge下承式桥through bridge梁桥beam bridge简支梁桥simple supported beambridge连续梁桥continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge联合梁桥composite beam bridge板桥slab bridge拱桥arch bridge双曲拱桥two-way curved arch bridge空腹拱桥open spandrel arch bridge实腹拱桥filled spandrel arch bridge系杆拱桥bowstring arch bridge桁架桥truss bridge刚构桥rigid frame bridgeT 形刚构桥T-shaped rigid framebridge连续刚构桥continuous rigid framebridge斜腿刚构桥rigid frame bridge withinclined 1egs斜拉桥(斜张桥) cable stayed bridge悬索桥suspension bridge漫水桥submersible bridge浮桥pontoon bridge开启桥movable bridge装配式桥fabricated bridge装拆式钢桥fabricated steel bridge涵洞culvert管涵pipe culvert拱涵arch culvert箱涵box culvert盖板涵slab culvert无压力式涵洞non-pressure culvert压力式涵洞pressure culvert半压力式涵洞partial pressure culvert倒虹吸涵siphon culvert上部结构superstructure主梁main beam横梁floor beam纵梁longitudinal beam，stringer挂梁suspended beam拱圈arch，ring拱上结构spandrel structure腹拱spandrel arch拱上侧墙spandrel wall桥面系floor system，bridge decking桥面铺装bridge deck pavement伸缩缝expansion and contraction joint桥面伸缩装置bridge floor expansionandcontraction installation平安带safety belt桥头搭板transition slab at bridge head下部结构substructure桥墩pier墩身pier body墩帽coping盖梁bent cap破冰体ice apron重力式桥墩gravity pier实体桥墩solid pier空心桥墩hollow pier柱式桥墩column pier排架桩墩pile bent pier柔性墩flexible pier制动墩braking pier单向推力墩single direction thrustedpier桥台abutment台身abutment body前墙front wall翼墙wing walls台帽coping锥坡conical slope耳墙wing wallsU 形桥台U-shaped abutment八字形桥台flare wing wall abutment一字形桥台head wall abutment，straight abutment重力式桥台gravity abutment埋置式桥台buried abutment扶壁式桥台counterforted abutment锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkheadabutment支撑式桥台supported type abutment地基subsoil加固地基consolidated subsoil天然地基natural subsoil根底foundation扩大根底spread foundation沉井根底open caisson foundation管柱根底cylindrical shaft foundation桩根底pile foundation桩pile预制桩precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile摩擦桩friction pile支承桩bearing pile承台bearing platform支座bearing固定支座fixed bearing活动支座expansion bearing索塔cable bent tower索鞍cable saddle调治构造物regulating structure丁坝spur dike顺坝longitudinal dam桥位bridge site桥梁全长total length of bridge主桥main bridge引桥approach span跨径span桥涵计算跨径computed span桥涵净跨径clear span矢跨比rise span ratio计算矢高calculated rise of arch桥下净空clearance of span桥面净空clearance above bridge floor桥梁建筑高度construction height ofbridge荷载load永久荷载permanent load可变荷载variable load偶然荷载accidental load荷载组合loading combinations车辆荷载标准loading standard fordesign vehicle设计荷载design load施工荷载construction load梁beam简支梁simple-supported beam连续梁continuous beam悬臂梁cantilever beam板slab拱arch桁架truss刚构rigid frame柱column强度strength刚度stiffness，rigidity抗裂度crack resistance稳定性stability位移displacement变形deformation挠度deflection预拱度camber流域catchment basin集水面积runoff area径流runoff水文测验hydrological survey河床river bed河槽river channel主槽main channel边滩side shoal河滩rlood land河床宽度bed width河槽宽度channel width过水断面discharge section水位water level最高(或最低)水位maximum(minimum)water level通航水位navigable water level设计水位design water lever水面比降water surface slope河床比降gradient of river bed湿周weffed perimeter糙率coefficient of roughuess水力半径hydraulic radius水文计算hydrological computation 设计流量designed discharge设计流速designed flow velocity行近流速approach velocity洪水调查flood survey洪水频率flood frequency设计洪水频率designed flood frequency潮汐河流tidal river悬移质suspended load推移质bed material load水力计算hydraulic computation水头water head冲刷scour桥下一般冲刷general scour under bridge桥墩(或台)局部冲刷local scour near pier自然演变冲刷natural scour冲刷系数coefficient of scouring 淤积silting壅水back water流冰ice drift先张法pretensioning method后张法post-tensioning method缆索吊装法erection with cableway悬臂拼装法erection by protrusion悬臂浇筑法cast-in-place cantilevermethod移动支架逐跨施工法span by spanmethod纵向拖拉法erection by longitudinalpulling method顶推法incremental launching method转体架桥法construction by swing浮运架桥法erecting by floating顶入法jack-in method围堰cofferdam护筒pile casing隧道tunnel洞门tunnel portal衬砌tunnel lining明洞open cut tunnel围岩surrounding rork隧道建筑限界structural approachlimit of tunnels明挖法open cut method矿山法mine tunnelling method盾构法shield tunnelling method沉埋法(沉管法) immersed tunnel导坑heading隧道支撑tunnel support构件支撑element support喷锚支护lock bolt support withshotcrete隧道通风tunnel ventilation隧道照明tunnel lighting养护maintenance定期养护periodical maintenance巡回养护patrol maintenance大中修周期maintenance period小修保养routine maintenance中修intermediate maintenance大修heavy maintenance改善工程road inprovement抢修emergency repair of road加固strengthening of structure回砂sand sweeping罩面overlay of pavement路面翻修pavement recapping路向补强pavement strengthening车辙rutting路面搓板surface corrugation路面网裂net-shaped cracking路面龟裂alligator cracking路面碎裂pavement spalling反射裂缝reflection crack路面坑槽pot holes路面冻胀surface frost heave路面沉陷pavement depression路面滑溜surface slipperiness露骨surface angularity啃边edge failure泛油bleeding拥包upheaval拱胀blow up错台faulting of slab ends错位slab staggering滑坡slide坍方land slide崩塌collapse碎落debris avalanche沉降settlement沉陷subsidence泥石流mud avalanche(振动)液化liquefaction翻浆frost boiling岩溶karst沙害sand hazard雪害snow hazard水毁washout好路率rate of good roads养护质量综合值general rating ofmaintenance quality路容road appearance路况road condition路况调查road condition survey路政管理rlad administration民工建勤civilian labourers workingon public project养路费toll of road maintenance养路道班maintenance gang粒料granular material集料(骨料) aggregate矿料mineral aggregate矿粉mineral powder砂sand砾石gravel砂砾sand gravel卵石cobble stone碎石broken stone，crushed stone片石rubble块石block stone料石dressed stone石屑chip工业废渣industrial solid waste结合料binder有机结合料organic binding agent沥青bitumen地沥青asphalt天然沥青natural asphalt石油沥青petroleum asphalt煤沥青coal tar乳化沥青emulsified bitumen氧化沥青oxidized asphalt路用沥青road bitumen无机结合料inorganic binding agent粉煤灰fly ash混合料mixture沥青混合料bituminous mixture沥青混凝土混合料bituminousconcrete mixture沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadammixture沥青砂asphalt sand沥青膏asphalt mastic水泥砂浆cement mortar石灰砂浆lime mortar水泥混凝土混合料cement concretemixture水泥混凝土cement concrete钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete预应力(钢筋)混凝土prestressedconcrete早强混凝土early strength concrete干硬性混凝土dry concrete贫混凝土lean concrete轻质混凝土light-weight concrete纤维混凝土fibrous concrete外掺剂admixture减水剂water reducing agent加气剂air entraining agent早强剂early strength agent缓凝剂retarder钢筋steel bar预应力钢材prestressing steel高强钢丝high tensile steel wire钢铰线stranded steel wire冷拉钢筋cold-stretched steel bar冷拔钢丝cold-drawn steel wire高强螺栓high strength bolt空隙率porosity孔隙比void ratio粒径grain size颗粒组成grain composition细度fineness筛分sieve analysis级配gradation级配曲线grading curve最正确级配optimum gradation含水量water content最正确含水量optimum water content稠度界限consistency limit液限liquid limit塑限plastic limit缩限shrinkage limit塑性指数plasticity index水泥标号cement mark水泥混凝土标号cement concrete mark水泥混凝土配合比proportioning of cement concrete水灰比water cement ratio和易性workability坍落度slump硬化hardening水硬性hydraulicity气硬性air hardening离析segregation徐变creep老化ageing(沥青)稠度consistency (of bitumen) 针入度penetration粘(滞)度viscosity软化点softening point延度ductility闪点flash point溶解度dissolubility热稳性hot stability水稳性water stability油石化asphalt-aggregate ratio含油率bitumen content压碎率rate of crushing磨耗度abrasiveness弹性模量modulus of elasticity回弹模量modulus of resilience劲度(模量) stiffness modulus模量比modulus ratio泊松比Poisson's ratio疲劳试验fatigue test劈裂试验splitting test三轴试验triaxial test 击实试验compaction test触探试验cone penetration test弯沉试验deflection test环道试验circular track test承载板试验loading plate test透水性试验perviousness test车辙试验wheel tracking test马歇尔试验Marshall stability test压实度试验compactness test铺砂法sand patch method硬练胶砂强度试验earth-dry mortarstrength-test软练胶砂强度试验plastic mortarstrength-test(水泥)安定性试验soundness test(ofcement)击实仪compaction test equipment长杆贯入仪penetration test equipment承载板loading plate杠杆弯沉仪beam lever deflectometer路面曲率半径测定仪surface-curvature apparatus路面平整度测定仪vlameter路面透水度测定仪surfacepermeameter五轮仪fifth-wheel tester制动仪skiddometer速度检测器speed detector万能试验机universal testing machine三轴(剪切)仪triaxial shear equipment加州承载比(CBR)测定仪Californiabearing ratio-tester标准筛standard sieves(沥青)针入度仪penetrometer(沥青)粘度仪viscosimeter(沥青)延度仪ductilometer(沥青)软化点仪(环—球法) softeningpoint tester(ring-ball method)闪点仪(开口杯式) flash pointtester(open cup method)马歇尔稳定度仪Marshall stabilityapparatus(沥青混合料)抽提仪bitumen extractor砂浆稠度仪mortar penetration tester坍落度圆锥筒slump cone标准工业粘度计standard concreteconsisto-meter饱和面干吸水率试模saturated-surface-duied moistureretention tester撞击韧度试验机impact toughnessmachine圆盘耐磨硬度试验机wear hardnessmachine狄法尔磨耗试验机Deval abrasiontesting machine洛杉矶磨耗试验机Los Angelesabrasion testing- machine压碎率试模crushing strength tester单斗挖掘机single-bucket excavator推土机bulldozer除根机rootdozer铲运机scraper平地机grader挖沟机trencher耕耘机cultivator松土机ripper松土搅拌机pulvi-mixer稳定土拌和机stabilizer凿岩机rock breaker碎石机stone crusher碎石撒布机stone spreader装载机loader羊足压路机sheep-foot roller手扶式单轮压路机walk behind singledrum蛙式打夯机frog rammer内燃夯实机internal combustioncompactor铁夯(铁撞柱) tamping iron压路机roller振动压路机vibratory roller沥青加热器asphalt heater沥青泵asphalt pump沥青洒布机asphalt sprayer沥青洒布车asphalt distributor沥青混合料拌和设备asphalt mixingplant沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt paver散装水泥运输车cement deliver truck水泥混凝土混合料拌和设备concretemixing plant(水泥混凝土混合料)搅拌运输车concrete deliver truck水泥混凝土混合料摊铺机concretepaver振捣器concrete vibrator水泥混凝土混合料整面机concretefinisher真空泵vacuum pump水泥混凝土路面切缝机concrete Jointcutter水泥混凝土路面锯缝机concrete saw水泥混凝土路面清缝机concrete jointcleaner水泥混凝土路面填缝机concrete jointsealer水泵pump泥浆泵mud pump张拉钢筋油泵prestressed steel bardrawing oil pump砂浆泵mortar pump水泥混凝土混合料泵concrete pump钢筋切断机bar shear钢筋冷轧机cold-rolling mill钢筋冷拉机steel stretcher钢筋冷拔机steel bar cold-extrudingmachine钢筋冷镦机steel bar heading pressmachine钢筋拉伸机steel extension machine钢筋弯曲机steel bar bender钢筋调直机steel straighten machine对焊机butt welder钻孔机boring machine打桩机pile driver拔桩机pile extractor千斤顶jack张拉预应力钢筋千斤顶prestressedsteel bar drawing jack手拉葫芦chain block起重葫芦hoisting block卷扬机hoister缆索吊装设备cableway erectingequipment起重机crane架桥机bridge erection equipment砂筒sand cylinder盾构shield全气压盾构compressed air shield半盾构roof shield隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine全断面隧道掘进机tunnel boringmachine for full section喷枪shotcrete equipment：装碴机mucker盾构千斤顶main jack拉合千斤顶pull-in jacks复拌沥青混合料摊铺机asphaltremixer路面铣削机pavemill回砂车sand sweeping equipment除雪机snow plough装雪机snow Loader洗净剂喷布车detergent spray truck清扫车sweeper洒水车water truck划标线机Line maker振动筛vibrating screen撒布机spreader输送机conveyer提升机elevator翻斗车dump-body car自卸汽车dumping wagon牵引车tow truck拖车头tractor truck挂车trailer平板车flat truck工程车shop truck万能杆件fabricated universal steel members交通规那么traffic rules交通事故traffic accident交通事故率traffic accident rate人口事故率population accident rate 车辆事故率vehicle accident rate运行事故率operating accident rate 交通控制traffic control中央控制台central control unit点控制spot control线控制line control面控制area control交通信号traffic signal交通信号灯traffic signal lamp信号周期signal cycle绿信比split ratio信号相位signal phase相位差phase difference绿波green wave交通监视系统traffic surveillance 交通公害vehicular pollution公司企业常见部门名称英文翻译总公司Head Office分公司Branch Office营业部Business Office人事部Personnel Department(人力资源部)Human Resources Department总务部General Affairs Department 财务部General Accounting Department销售部Sales Department促销部Sales Promotion Department国际部International Department出口部Export Department进口部Import Department公共关系Public Relations Department广告部Advertising Department企划部Planning Department产品开发部Product Development Department研发部Research and Development Department(R&D)秘书室Secretarial Pool 交通标志专用名词中英对照警告标志|| Warning sign禁令标志|| Prohibition sign指示标志|| Mandatory sign指路标志|| Guide sign旅游标志|| Tourist sign标线|| Marking禁止超越线|| No-passing line大型车|| Oversize vehicle小型车|| Light-duty vehicle自行车|| Bicycle非机动车|| Non-motor vehicle公共汽车|| Bus机动车|| Motor vehicle公共汽车优先|| Bus preemption，Bus priority行车道|| Roadway,carriageway超车道|| Overtaking lane硬路肩|| Hard shoulder国道|| National road省道|| Provincial road县道|| County road高速公路|| Expressway起点|| Starting point终点|| End point一般道路|| Ordinary road城市道路|| Urban road**街道|| * * street互通式立交|| * * interchange高架桥|| Viaduct隧道|| Tunnel收费站|| Toll station应急停车带|| Emergency stop area休息处|| Rest area效劳区|| Service area避车道|| Lay-by,Passing bay火车站|| Railway station飞机场|| Airport停车场|| Parking长途汽车站|| Inter-city bus station急救站|| First aid station客轮码头|| Passenger quay餐饮|| Restaurant汽修|| Breakdown service洗车|| Vehicle cleaning加油站|| Filling station|| Telephone轮渡|| Ferry爬坡车道|| Climbing lane追尾危险|| Rear-end collisiondanger保持车距|| Keep space道路交通信息|| Traffic information路面结冰|| Icy pavement小心路滑|| Slippery road be careful陡坡慢行|| Steepdescent,slow-down多雾路段|| Foggy section软基路段|| Weak subgrade大型车靠右|| Oversize vehicle toright注意横风|| Alert to cross wind事故多发点|| Blackspot保护动物|| Protect animal长下坡慢行|| Longdescent,slow-down道路封闭|| Road closed车道封闭|| Lane closed车辆慢行|| Slow down道路施工|| Road construction,Roadworks车辆绕行|| Vehicle by-pass方向引导|| Direction guide落石|| Falling rocks双向交通|| Two-way traffic其他危险|| Other dangers道路或车道变窄|| Carriagewaynarrows堤坝路|| Embankment road限制高度|| Limited height限制宽度|| Limited width禁鸣喇叭|| Silence(No audiblewarning)渡船|| Ferry boat此路不通|| No through road中英对照医学名词医学名词Medical Terminology过敏Allergy健康诊断Gernral Check-upPhysical Examination检查Examination入院Admission to Hospotial退院Discharge from Hospital病症Symptom营养Nutrition病例Clinical History诊断Diagnosis治疗Treatment预防Prevention呼吸Respiration便通Bowel Movement便Stool血液Blood脉搏Pulse, Pulsation尿Urine脉搏数Pulse Rate血型Blood Type血压Blood Pressure麻醉Anesthesia全身麻醉General Anesthesia静脉麻醉Intravenous Anesthesia脊椎麻醉Spinal Anesthesia局部麻醉Local Anesthesia手术Operation切除Resectionlie副作用Side Effect洗净Irrigation注射InjectionX光X-Ray红外线Ultra Red-Ray慢性的Chronic急性的Acute体格Build亲戚Relative遗传Heredity免疫Immunity血清Serum流行性的Epidemic潜伏期Incubation Period滤过性病毒Virus消毒Sterilization抗生素Antibiotic脑波E.E.G洗肠Enema结核反映Tuberculin Reaction华氏Fahrenheit摄氏Celsius, Centigrade中英对照商标术语世界贸易组织?WTO? WORLDTRADE ORGANIZATION关税及贸易总协定?GATT?GENERAL AGREEMENT ONTARIFFS AND TRADE亚太经济合作组织?APEC? ASIAPACIFIC ECONOMICCOOPERATION与贸易有关的知识产权协议?TRIPS?AGREEMENT ON TRADERELATED ASPECTS OFINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYRIGHTS世界知识产权组织?WIPO? WORLDINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYORGANIZATION保护知识产权联合国际局INTERNATIONAL BOARD OFINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYRIGHT保护工业产权巴黎公约PARISCONVENTION FOR THEPROTECTION OF INDUSTRIALPROPERTY商标国际注册马德里协定MADRID AGREEMENT CONCERNING THE INTERNATIONAL REGISTRATION OF MARKS商标注册条约?TRT? TRADE MARK REGISTRATION TREATY商标注册用商品与国际分类尼斯协定NICE AGREEMENT CONCERNING THE INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF GOODS AND SERVICES FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE REGISTRATION OF MARKS建立商标图形要素国际分类维也纳协定VIENNA AGREEMENT FOR ESTABLISHING AND INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE FIGURATIVE ELEMENTS OF MARKS专利合作条约?PCT? PATENT CO－OPERATION TREATY共同体专利公约COMMUNITY 产PATENT CONVENTION斯特拉斯堡协定?SA? STRASBOURG AGREEMENT 工业外观设计国际保存海牙协定THE HAGUE AGREEMENT CONCERNING THE INTERNATIONAL DEPOSIT OF INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS工业外观设计国际分类洛迦诺协定LOCARNO AGREEMENT ONESTABLISHING ANDINTERNATIONALCLASSIFICATION FORINDUSTRIAL DESIGNS商标，外观设计与地理标记法律常设委员会〔SCT〕STANDINGCOMMITTEE ON THE LAWOF TRADEMARKS，INDUSTRIALDESIGN ANDGEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION国际专利文献中心?INPADOC?INTERNATIONAL PATENTDOCUMENTATION CENTER欧洲专利局?EPO? EUROPEANPATENT OFFICE欧洲专利公约EUROPEANPATENT CONVENTION比荷卢商标局TRADE MARKOFFICE OF BELGIUM－HOLLAND－LUXEMBURG法语非洲知识产权组织ORGANIZATION OF AFRICANINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY国际商标协会THEINTERNATIONAL TRADEMARKASSOCIATION中华人民共和国商标法TRADEMARK LAW OF THEPEOPLES REPUBLIC OFCHINA英国商标法TRADEMARKLAW OF UNITED KINGDOMOF GREAT BRITAIN ANDNORTHERN IRELAND美国商标法TRADEMARKLAW OF THE UNITEDSTATES OF AMERICA日本商标法JAPANESETRADEMARK LAW商标TRADE MARK商标局TRADE MARKOFFICCE商标法TRADEMARK LAW文字商标WORD MARK图形商标FIGURATIVEMARK组合商标ASSOCIATEDMARK保证商标CERTIFICATIONMARK集体商标COLLECTIVEMARK著名商标WELL－KNOWNMARK著名商标FAMOUYS MARK近似商标SIMILAR MARK防御商标DEFENSIVEMARK效劳标记SERVICE MARK注册商标REGISTEREDMARK商标注册申请人TRADEMARK REGISTRANT注册申请日APPLICATIONDATE OF TRADE MARK注册申请号APPLICATIONNUMBER商标注册证TRADE MARKREGISTRATION CERTIFICATE商标注册号TRADE MARKREGISTRATION NUMBER商标注册日TRADE MARKREGISTRATION DATE商标注册簿TRADE MARKREGISTERED BOOK注册有效期THE TERM OFVALIDITY商标注册官EXAMINATIONFOR TRADE MARKREGISTRATION注册查询TRADE MARKENQUIRIES注册续展RENEWAL OFTRADE MARK分别申请SEPARATEAPPLICATION重新申请NEWREGISTRATION别行申请NEWAPPLICATION变更申请APPLICATIONREGARDING CHANGES注册代理TRADE MARKAGENCY注册公告TRADE MARKPUBLICATION申请注册APPLICATION FORREGISTRATION续展注册RENEWAL OFREGISTRATION转让注册REGISTRATIONOF ASSIGNMENT变更注册人名义／地址／其它注册事项MODIFICATION OFNAME／ADDRESS OFREGISTRANT／OTHERMATTERS补发商标证书REISSUANCEOF REGISTRATIONCERTIFICATE注销注册商标REMOVAL证明CERTIFICATION异议OPPOSITION使用许可合同备案RECORDALOF LICENSE CONTRACT驳回商标复审REVIEW OFREFUSED TRADEMARK驳回续展复审REVIEW OFREFUSED RENEWAL驳回转让复审REVIEW OFREFUSED ASSIGNMENT撤销商标复审REVIEW OFADJUDICATION ONOPPOSITION异议复审REVIEW OFADJUDICATION ONOPPOSITION争议裁定ADJUDICATIONON DISPUTED REGISTEREDTRADEMARK撤销注册不当裁定ADJUDICATION ONCANCELLATION OFIMPROPERLY REGISTEREDTRADEMARK撤销注册不当复审REVIEWON CANCELLATION OFIMPROPERLY REGISTEREDTRADEMARK处理商标纠纷案件DEALINGWITH INFRINGEMENT优先权PRIORITY注册申请优先日DATE OFPRIORITY注册商标使用人USER OFREGISTERED TRADE MARK注册商标专用权EXCLUSIVERIGHT TO USE REGISTEREDTRADE MARK注册商标的转让ASSIGNMENTOF REGISTERED TRADEMARK商标的许可使用LICENSINGOF REGISTERED TRADEMARK使用在先原那么PRINCIPLEOF FIRST TO USE注册在先原那么PRINCIPLEOF FIRST APPLICATION商标国际分类INTERNATIONALCLASSIFICATION OF GOODS专利PATENT专利权PATENT RIGHT专利权人PATENTEE专利代理PATENT AGENCY产品专利PRODUCTPATENT。
公路工程英语词汇(收藏版)
abrasiveness磨耗度absolute datum绝对基面abutment桥台abutment pier制动墩acceleration lane加速车道accidental load偶然荷载accommodation lane专用车道acoustic barrier隔音墙acting circles of blasting爆破作用圈additional stake加桩adjacent curve in one direction同向曲线admixture外加剂adverse grade for safety反坡安全线aerial photogrammetry航空摄影测量aerophoto base航摄基线aerophoto interpretation航摄像片判读ageing老化aggregate集料(骨料)air hardening气硬性alignment design(城市道路)平面设计，线形设计alignment element线形要素alligator cracking路面龟裂allowable rebound deflection容许(回弹)弯沉alternative line比较线anchored bulkhead abutment锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkhead retaining wall锚锭板式挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tie rods锚杆式挡土墙anionic emulsified bitumen阴离子乳化沥青annual average daily traffic年平均日交通量anti-creep heap(厂矿道路)挡车堆anti-dizzling screen防炫屏(遮光栅)antiskid heap(厂矿道路)防滑堆approach span引桥aquitard隔水层arch bridge拱桥arch culvert拱涵arch ring拱圈arterial highway干线公路arterial road(厂内)主干道，(城市)主干路asphalt distributor沥青洒布车asphalt mixing plant沥青混合料拌和设备asphalt paver沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt remixer复拌沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt sand沥青砂asphalt sprayer沥青洒布机asphaltic bitumen地沥青at-grade intersection平面交叉auxiliary lane附加车道average consistency(of soil)(土的)平均稠度average gradient平均纵坡azimuth angle方位角balance weight retaining wall衡重式挡土墙base course基层base line基线basic traffic capacity基本通行能力beam bridge梁桥beam level deflectometer杠杆弯沉仪bearing支座bearing angle象限角bearing pile支承桩bearing platform承台bed course垫层bench mark水准点benched subgrade台口式路基bending strength抗弯强度Benkelman beam杠杆弯沉仪(贝克曼弯沉仪) bent cap盖梁berm护坡道binder结合料binder course联结层bitumell沥青bitumen extractor(沥青混合料)抽提仪bitumen-aggregate ratio油石比bituminous concrete mixture沥青混凝土混合料bituminous concrete pavement沥青混凝土路面bituminous macadam mixture沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadam pavement沥青碎石路面bituminous mixture沥青混合料bituminous pavement沥青路面bituminous penetration pavement沥青贯入式路面bituminous surface treatment(沥青)表面处治blasting crater爆破漏斗blasting for loosening rock松动爆破blasting for throwing rock抛掷爆破blasting procedure土石方爆破bleeding泛油blind ditch盲沟blind drain盲沟block pavement块为路面block stone块石blow up拱胀boring钻探boring log(道路)地质柱状图boring machine钻孔机borrow earth借土borrow pit取土坑boundary frame on crossing道口限界架boundary frame on road道路限界架boundary line of road construction道路建筑限界bowstring arch bridge系杆拱桥box culvert箱涵branch pipe of inlet雨水口支管branch road(城市)支路，(厂内)支道bridge桥梁bridge decking桥面系bridge deck pavement桥面铺装bridge floor expantion and contraction installation 桥面伸缩装置bridge girder erection equipment架桥机bridge on slope坡桥bridge site桥位bridge road驮道broken chainage断链broken stone碎石broken back curve断背曲线buried abutment埋置式桥台bus bay公交(车辆)停靠站bypass公交绕行公路cable bent tower索塔cable saddle索鞍cable stayed bridge斜拉桥(斜张桥)cableway erecting equipment缆索吊装设备california bearing ratio(CBR)加州承载比(CBR) california bearing ratio tester加州承载比(CBR)测定仪camber curve路拱曲线cantilever beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙capacity of intersection交叉口通行能力capacity of network路网通行能力capillary water毛细水carriage way车行道(行车道)cast-in-place cantilever method悬臂浇筑法cationic emulsified bitumen阳离子乳化沥青cattle-pass畜力车道cement concrete水泥混凝土cement concrete mixture水泥混凝土混合料cement concrete pavement水泥混凝土路面center-island中心岛center lane中间车道center line of road道路中线center line survey中线测量center stake中桩central reserve分隔带channelization渠化交通channelization island导流岛channelized intersection分道转弯式交叉口chip石屑chute急流槽circular curve圆曲线circular road环路circular test环道试验city road城市道路civil engineering fabric土工织物classified highway等级公路classified road等级道路clay-bound macadam泥结碎石路面clearance净空clearance above bridge floor桥面净空clearance of span桥下净空climatic zoning for highway公路自然区划climbing lane爬坡车道cloverleaf interchange苜蓿叶形立体交叉coal tar煤沥青cobble stone卵石coefficient of scouring冲刷系数cohesive soil粘性土cold laid method冷铺法cold mixing method冷拌法cold-stretched steel bar冷拉钢筋column pier柱式墩combination-type road system混合式道路系统compaction压实compaction test击实试验compaction test apparatus击实仪compactness test压实度试验composite beam bridge联合梁桥composite pipe line综合管道(综合管廊) compound curve复曲线concave vertical curve凹形竖曲线concrete joint cleaner(水泥混凝土)路面清缝机concrete joint sealer(水泥混凝土)路面填缝机concrete mixing plant水泥混凝土(混合料)拌和设备concrete paver水泥混凝土(混合料)摊铺机concrete pump水泥混凝土(混合料)泵concrete saw(水泥混凝土)路面锯缝机cone penetration test触探试验conflict point冲突点conical slope锥坡consistency limit(of soil)(土的)稠度界限consolidated subsoil加固地基consolidation固结construction by swing转体架桥法construction height of bridge桥梁建筑高度construction joint施工缝construction load施工荷载construction survey施工测量continuous beam bridge连续梁桥contour line等高线contraction joint缩缝control point路线控制点converging合流convex vertical curve凸形竖曲线corduroy road木排道counterfort retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙counterfort abutment扶壁式桥台country road乡村道路county road县公路(县道)，乡道creep徐变critical speed临界速度cross roads十字形交叉cross slope横坡cross walk人行横道cross-sectional profile横断面图cross-sectional survey横断面测量crown路拱crushed stone碎石crushing strength压碎值culture地物culvert涵洞curb路缘石curb side strip路侧带curve length曲线长curve widening平曲线加宽curved bridge弯桥cut挖方cut corner for sight line(路口)截角cut-fill transition土方调配cut-fill transition program土方调配图cutting路堑cycle path自行车道cycle track自行车道deceleration lane减速车道deck bridge上承式桥deflection angle偏角deflection test弯沉试验degree of compaction压实度delay延误density of road network道路(网)密度depth of tunnel隧道埋深design elevation of subgrade路基设计高程design frequency(排水)设计重现期design hourly volume设计小时交通量design of elevation(城市道路)竖向设计design of vertical alignment纵断面设计design speed计算行车速度(设计车速)design traffic capacity设计通行能力design vehicle设计车辆design water level设计水位designed elevation设计高程designed flood frequency设计洪水频率dislicking treatment防滑处理Deval abrasion testing machine狄法尔磨耗试验机(双筒式磨耗试验机)diamond interchange菱形立体交叉differential photo微分法测图direction angle方向角directional interchange方向式立体交叉diverging分流dowel bar传力杆drain opening泄水口drainage by pumping station(立体交叉)泵站排水drainage ditch排水沟dressed stone料石drop water跌水dry concrete干硬性混凝土ductility(of bitumen)(沥青)延度ductilometer(沥青)延度仪dummy joint假缝dynamic consolidation强夯法economic speed经济车速economical hauling distance土方调配经济运距element support构件支撑elevation高程(标高)embankment路堤emergency parking strip紧急停车带emulsified bitumen乳化沥青erecting by floating浮运架桥法erection by longitudinal pulling method纵向拖拉法erection by protrusion悬臂拼装法erection with cableway缆索吊装法evaporation pond蒸发池expansion bearing活动支座expansive soil膨胀土expantion joint胀缝expressway(城市)快速路external distance外(矢)距fabricated bridge装配式桥fabricated steel bridge装拆式钢桥factories and mines road厂矿道路factory external transportation line对外道路factory-in road厂内道路factory-out road厂外道路fast lane内侧车道faulting of slab ends错台feeder highway支线公路ferry渡口fibrous concrete纤维混凝土field of vision视野fill填方filled spandrel arch bridge实腹拱桥final survey竣工测量fineness细度fineness modulus细度模数fixed bearing固定支座flare wing wall abutment八字形桥台flared intersection拓宽路口式交叉口flash point闪点flash point tester(open cup method)闪点仪(开口杯式) flexible pavement柔性路面flexibie pier柔性墩floor system桥面系flush curb平缘石foot way人道道ford过水路面forest highway林区公路forest road林区道路foundation基础free style road system自由式道路系统free way高速公路free-flow speed自由车速freeze road冻板道路freezing and thawing test冻融试验frost boiling翻浆frozen soil冻土full depth asphalt pavement全厚式沥青(混凝土)路面function planting功能栽植general scour under bridge opening桥下一般冲刷geological section(道路)地质剖面图geotextile土工织物gradation级配gradation of stone(路用)石料等级grade change point变坡点grade compensation纵坡折减grade crossing平面交叉grade length limitation坡长限制grade of side slope边坡坡度grade separation简单立体交叉grade-separated junction立体交叉graded aggregate pavement级配路面grader平地机grain composition颗粒组成granular material粒料gravel砾石gravity pier(abutment)重力式墩、台gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙green belt绿化带gridiron road system棋盘式道路系统ground control-point survey地面控制点测量ground elevation地面高程ground stereophotogrammetry地面立体摄影测量guard post标柱guard rail护栏guard wall护墙gully雨水口gutter街沟(偏沟)gutter apron平石gutter drainage渠道排水half-through bridge中承式桥hard shoulder硬路肩hardening硬化hardness硬度haul road运材道路heavy maintenance大修hectometer stake百米桩hedge绿篱height of cut and fill at center stake中桩填挖高度high strength bolt高强螺栓high type pavement高级路面highway公路highway landscape design公路景观设计hill-side line山坡线(山腰线)hilly terrain重丘区horizontal alignment平面线形horizontal curve平曲线hot laid method热铺法hot mixing method热拌法hot stability(of bitumen)(沥青)热稳性hydraulic computation水力计算hydraulicity水硬性imaginary intersection point虚交点immersed tunnelling method沉埋法inbound traffic入境交通incremental launching method顶推法industrial district road工业区道路industrial solid waste(路用)工业废渣industrial waste base course工业废渣基层inlet雨水口inlet submerged culvert半压力式涵洞inlet unsubmerged culvert无压力式涵洞inorganic binder无机结合料instrument station测站intensity of rainstorm暴雨强度intercepting ditch截水沟interchange互通式立体交叉interchange with special bicycle track分隔式立体交叉intermediate maintenance中修intermediate type pavement中级路面intersection(平面)交叉口intersection angle交叉角，转角intersection entrance交叉口进口intersection exit交叉口出口intersection plan交叉口平面图intersection point交点intersection with widened corners加宽转角式交叉口jack-in method顶入法kilometer stone里程碑land slide坍方lane车道lane-width车道宽度lateral clear distance of curve(平曲线)横净距lay-by紧急停车带level of service道路服务水平leveling course整平层leveling survey水准测量light-weight concrete轻质混凝土lighting facilities of road道路照明设施lime pile石灰桩line development展线linking-up road联络线、连接道路liquid asphaltic bitumen液体沥青liquid limit液限living fence绿篱load荷载loading berm反压护道loading combinations荷载组合loading plate承载板loading plate test承载板试验local scour near pier桥墩局部冲刷local traffic境内交通location of line定线location survey定测lock bolt support with shotcrete喷锚支护loess黄土longitudinal beam纵梁longitudinal gradient纵坡longitudinal joint纵缝loop ramp环形匝道Los Angeles abrasion testing machine洛杉面磨耗试验机(搁板式磨耗试验机)low type pavement低级路面main beam主梁main bridge主桥maintenance养护maintenance period大中修周期manhole检查井marginal strip路缘带Marshall stability apparatus马歇尔稳定度仪Marshall stability test马歇尔试验masonry bridge圬工桥maximum annual hourly volume年最大小时交通量maximum dry unit weight(标准)最大干密度maximum longitudinal gradient最大纵坡mine tunnelling method矿山法mineral aggregate矿料mineral powder矿粉mini-roundabout微形环交minimum height of fill(路基)最小填土高度minimum longitudinal gradient最小纵坡minimum radius of horizontal curve最小平曲线半径minimum turning radius汽车最小转弯半径mixed traffic混合交通mixing method拌和法mixture混合料model split交通方式划分modulus of elasticity弹性模量modulus of resilience回弹模量modulus ratio模量比monthly average daily traffic月平均日交通量motor way高速公路mountainous terrain山岭区movable bridge开启桥mud淤泥multiple-leg intersection多岔交叉national trunk highway国家干线公路(国道)natural asphalt天然沥青natural scour自然演变冲刷natural subsoil天然地基navigable water level通航水位nearside lane外侧车道net-shaped cracking路面网裂New Austrian Tunnelling Method新奥法observation point测点one-way ramp单向匝道open cut method明挖法open cut tunnel明洞open spandrel arch bridge空腹拱桥opencast mine road露天矿山道路operating speed运行速度optimum gradation最佳级配optimum moisture content最佳含水量optimum speed临界速度organic binder有机结合料origin-destination study起迄点调查outbound traffic出境交通outled submerged culvert压力式涵洞outlet inlet main road城市出入干道overall speed区间速度overlay of pavement罩面overpass grade separation上跨铁路立体交叉overtaking lane超车车道overtaking sight distance超车视距paper location纸上定线paraffin content test含蜡量试验parent soil原状土parking lane停车车道parking lot停车场parking station公交(车辆)停靠站part-put part-fill subgrade半填半挖式路基pass垭口passing bay错车道patrol maintenance巡回养护paved crossing道口铺面pavement路面pavement depression路面沉陷pavement recapping路面翻修pavement slab pumping路面板唧泥pavement spalling路面碎裂pavement strengthening路面补强pavement structure layer路面结构层pavemill路面铣削机(刨路机)peak hourly volume高峰小时交通量pedestrian overcrossing人行天桥pedestrian underpass人行地道penetration macadam with coated chips上拌下贯式(沥青)路面penetration method贯入法penetration test apparatus长杆贯入仪penetration(of bitumen)(沥青)针入度penetrometer(沥青)针入度仪periodical maintenance定期养护permafrost多年冻土permanent load永久荷载perviousness test透水度试验petroleum asphaltic bitumen石油沥青photo index像片索引图(镶辑复照图)photo mosaic像片镶嵌图photogrammetry摄影测量photographic map影像地图pier桥墩pile and plank retaining wall柱板式挡土墙pile bent pier排架桩墩pile driver打桩机pipe culvert管涵pipe drainage管道排水pit test坑探pitching method铺砌法plain stage of slope边坡平台plain terrain平原区plan view(路线)平面图plane design(城市道路)平面设计plane sketch(道路)平面示意图planimetric photo综合法测图plant mixing method厂拌法plastic limit塑限plasticity index塑性指数poisson's ratio泊松比polished stone value石料磨光值pontoon bridge浮桥porosity空隙率portable pendulum tester摆式仪possible traffic capacity可能通行能力post-tensioning method后张法pot holes路面坑槽preliminary survey初测preloading method预压法prestressed concrete预应力混凝土prestressed concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥prestressed steel bar drawing jack张拉预应力钢筋千斤顶pretensioning method先张法prime coat透层productive arterial road生产干线productive branch road生产支线profile design纵断面设计profilometer路面平整度测定仪proportioning of cement concrete水泥混凝土配合比protection forest fire-proof road护林防火道路provincial trunk highway省干线公路(省道)railroad grade crossing(铁路)道口ramp匝道rebound deflection回弹弯沉reclaimed asphalt mixture再生沥青混合料reclaimed bituminous pavement再生沥青路面reconnaissance踏勘red clay红粘土reference stake护桩reflection crack反射裂缝refuge island安全岛regulating structure调治构造物reinforced concrete钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete bridge钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete pavement钢筋混凝土路面reinforced earth retaining wall加筋土挡土墙relative moisture content(of soil)(土的)相对含水量relief road辅道residential street居住区道路resultant gradient合成坡度retaining wall挡土墙revelling of pavement路面松散reverse curve反向曲线reverse loop回头曲线ridge crossing line越岭线ridge line山脊线right bridge正交桥right bridge正桥rigid frame bridge刚构桥rigid pavement刚性路面rigid-type base刚性基层ring and radial road system环形辐射式道路系统ripper松土机riprap抛石road道路road alignment道路线形road appearance路容road area per citizen(城市)人均道路面积road area ratio(城市)道路面积率road axis道路轴线road bed路床road bitumen路用沥青road condition路况road condition survey路况调查road crossing(平面)交叉口road crossing design交叉口设计road engineering道路工程road feasibility study(道路工程)可行性研究road improvement改善工程road intersection道路交叉(路线交叉) road mixing method路拌法road network道路网road network planning道路网规划road planting道路绿化road project(道路工程)方案图road trough路槽road way路幅rock breaker凿岩机rock filled gabion石笼roller压路机rolled cement concrete碾压式水泥混凝土rolling terrain微丘区rotary interchange环形立体交叉rotary intersection环形交叉roundabout环形交叉route development展线route of road道路路线route selection选线routine maintenance小修保养rubble片石running speed行驶速度rural road郊区道路saddle back垭口safety belt安全带safety fence防护栅salty soil盐渍土sand砂sand drain(sand pile)砂井sand gravel砂砾sand hazard沙害sand mat of subgrade排水砂垫层sand patch test铺砂试验sand pile砂桩sand protection facilities防沙设施sand ratio砂率sand sweeping回砂sand sweeping equipment回砂机sandy soil砂性土saturated soil饱和土scraper铲运机seal coat封层secondary trunk road(厂内)次干道，(城市)次干路seepage well渗水井segregation离析semi-rigid type base半刚性基层separate facilities分隔设施separator分隔带sheep-foot roll羊足压路机(羊足碾)shelter belt护路林shield盾构(盾构挖掘机)shield tunnelling method盾构法shoulder路肩shrinkage limit缩限side ditch边沟side slope边坡side walk人行道sieve analysis筛分sight distance视距sight distance of intersection路口视距sight line视线sight triangle视距三角形silty soil粉性土simple supported beam bridge简支梁桥single direction thirsted pier单向推力墩single-size aggregat同粒径集料siphon culvert倒虹涵skew bridge斜交桥skew bridge斜桥skid road集材道路slab bridge板桥slab culvert盖板涵slab staggering错位slide滑坡slope protection护坡slump坍落度snow hazard雪害snow plough除雪机snow protection facilities防雪设施soft ground软弱地基soft soil软土softening point tester(ring ball method)(沥青)软化点仪(环—球法)softening point(of bitumen)(沥青)软化点solubility(of bitumen)(沥青)溶解度space headway车头间距space mean speed空间平均速度span跨径span by span method移动支架逐跨施工法spandrel arch腹拱spandrel structure拱上结构special vehicle特种车辆speed-change lane变速车道splitting test劈裂试验spot speed点速度spreading in layers层铺法springing弹簧现象stabilizer稳定土拌和机stabilized soil base course稳定土基层stage for heaping soil and broken rock碎落台staggered junction错位交叉standard axial loading标准轴截steel bar heading press machine钢筋冷墩机steel bridge钢桥steel extention machine钢筋拉伸机stiffness modulus劲度stone coating test石料裹覆试验stone crusher碎石机stone spreader碎石撒布机stopping sight distance停车视距stopping truck heap(厂矿道路)阻车堤street街道street drainage街道排水street planting街道绿化street trees行道树strengthening layer补强层strengthening of structure加固stringer纵梁striping test for aggregate集料剥落试验structural approach limit of tunnel隧道建筑限界sub-high type pavement次高级路面subgrade路基subgrade drainage路基排水submersible bridge漫水桥subsidence沉陷subsoil地基substucture下部结构superelevation超高superelevation runoff超高缓和段superstructure上部结构supported type abutment支撑式桥台surface course面层surface evenness路面平整度surface frost heave路面冻胀surface permeameter路面透水度测定仪surface roughness路面粗糙度surface slipperinness路面滑溜surface water地表水surface-curvature apparatus路面曲率半径测定仪surrounding rock围岩suspension bridge悬索桥switch-back curve回头曲线T intersection丁字形交叉(T形交叉)T-shaped rigid frame bridge〓T形刚构桥tack coat粘层tangent length切线长tar焦油沥青technical standard of road道路技术标准Telford锥形块石Telford base(锥形)块石基层terrace台地thermal insulation berm保温护道thermal insulation course隔温层thirtieth highest annual hourly volume年第30位最大小时交通量through bridge下承式桥through traffic过境交通tie bar拉杆timber bridge木桥time headway车头时距time mean speed时间平均速度toe of slope(边)坡脚tongue and groove joint企口缝top of slope(边)坡顶topographic feature地貌topographic map地形图topographic survey地形测量topography地形township road乡公路(乡道)traffic assignment交通量分配traffic capacity通行能力traffic composition交通组成traffic density交通密度traffic distribution交通分布traffic flow交通流traffic generation交通发生traffic island交通岛traffic mirror道路反光镜traffic planning道路交通规划traffic safety device交通安全设施traffic square交通广场traffic stream车流traffic survey交通调查traffic volume交通量traffic volume observation station交通量观测站traffic volume prognosis交通量预测traffic volume survey交通量调查transition curve缓和曲线transition slab at bridge head桥头搭板transition zone of cross section断面渐变段transition zone of curve widening加宽缓和段transitional gradient缓和坡段transverse beam横梁transverse joint横缝traverse导线traverse survey导线测量trencher挖沟机triaxial test三轴试验trip出行true joint真缝trumpet interchange喇叭形立体交叉trunk highway干线公路truss bridge桁架桥tunnel(道路)隧道tunnel boring machine隧道掘进机tunnel lining衬砌tunnel portal洞门tunnel support隧道支撑turnaround loop回车道，回车场turning point转点two-way curved arch bridge双曲拱桥two-way ramp双向匝道type of dry and damp soil base土基干湿类型U-shaped abutment〓U形桥台under-ground pipes comprehensive design管线综合设计underground water地下水underground water level地下水位underpass grade separation下穿铁路立体交叉universal photo全能法测图urban road城市道路valley line沿溪线variable load可变荷载vehicle stream车流vehicular gap车(辆)间净距verge路肩vertical alignment纵面线形vertical curb立缘石(侧石)vertical curve竖曲线vertical profile map(路线)纵断面图viameter路面平整度测定仪vibratory roller振动压路机viscosimeter(沥青)粘度仪viscosity(of bitumen)(沥青)粘(滞)度void ratio孔隙比washout水毁waste弃土waste bank弃土堆water cement ratio水灰比water content含水量water level水位water reducing agent减水剂water stability水稳性water-bound macadam水结碎石路面wearing course磨耗层weaving交织weaving point交织点weaving section交织路段wheel tracking test车辙试验width of subgrade路基宽度workability和易性Y intersection〓Y形交叉_。
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水利专业名词(中英) A安全储备 safety reserve安全系数 safety factor安全性 safety岸边溢洪道 river-bank spillway岸边绕渗 by-pass seepage around bank slope 岸墙 abutment wall岸塔式进水口 bank—tower intakeB坝的上游面坡度 upstream slpoe of dam坝的下游面 downstream face of dam坝顶 dam crest坝顶长度 crest length坝顶超高 freeboard of dam crest坝高 dam height坝顶高程 crest elevation坝顶宽度 crest width坝段 monolith坝基处理 foundation treatment坝基排水 drain in dam foundation坝基渗漏 leakage of dam foundation坝肩 dam abutment坝壳 dam shell坝坡 dam slope坝坡排水 drain on slope坝体混凝土分区 grade zone of concrete in dam坝体排水系统 drainage system in dam坝型选择 selection of dam type坝址选择 selection of dam site坝趾 dam toe坝踵 dam heel坝轴线 dam axis本构模型 constitutive model鼻坎 bucket比尺 scale比降 gradient闭门力 closing force边墩 side pier边界层 boundary layer边墙 side wall边缘应力 boundary stress变形观测 deformation observation变中心角变半径拱坝 variable angle and radius arch dam 标准贯入试验击数 number of standard penetration test 冰压力 ice pressure薄壁堰 sharp—crested weir薄拱坝 thin-arch dam不均匀沉降裂缝 differential settlement crack不平整度 irregularityC材料力学法 method of strength of materials材料性能分项系数 partial factor for property of material 侧槽溢洪道 side channel spillway侧轮 side roller侧收缩系数 coefficient of side contraction测缝计 joint meter插入式连接 insert type connection差动式鼻坎 differential bucket掺气 aeration掺气槽 aeration slot掺气减蚀 cavitation control by aeration厂房顶溢流 spill over power house沉降 settlement沉井基础 sunk shaft foundation沉沙池 sediment basin沉沙建筑物 sedimentary structure沉沙条渠 sedimentary channel沉陷缝 settlement joint沉陷观测 settlement observation衬砌的边值问题 boundary value problem of lining衬砌计算 lining calculation衬砌自重 dead-weight of lining承载能力 bearing capacity承载能力极限状态 limit state of bearing capacity 持住力 holding force齿墙 cut—off wall冲击波 shock wave冲沙闸 flush sluice冲刷坑 scour hole重现期 return period抽排措施 pump drainage measure抽水蓄能电站厂房 pump-storage power house出口段 outlet section初步设计阶段 preliminary design stage初参数解法 preliminary parameter solution 初生空化数 incipient cavitation number初应力法 initial stress method船闸 navigation lock垂直升船机 vertical ship lift纯拱法 independent arch method次要建筑物 secondary structure刺墙 key-wall粗粒土 coarse-grained soil错缝 staggered jointD大坝安全评价 assessment of dam safety大坝安全监控 monitor of dam safety大坝老化 dam aging大头坝 massive—head dam单层衬砌 monolayer lining单级船闸 lift lock单线船闸 single line lock挡潮闸 tide sluice挡水建筑物 retaining structure导流洞 diversion tunnel导墙 guide wall倒虹吸管 inverted siphon倒悬度 overhang等半径拱坝 constant radius arch dam等中心角变半径拱坝 constant angle and variable radius arch dam 底流消能 energy dissipation by hydraulic jump底缘 bottom edge地基变形 foundation deformation地基变形模量 deformation modulus of foundation地基处理 foundation treatment地下厂房 underground power house地下厂房变压器洞transformer tunnel of underground power house 地下厂房出线洞 bus-bar tunnel of underground power house地下厂房交通洞 access tunnel of underground power house地下厂房通风洞 ventilation tunnel of underground power house 地下厂房尾水洞 tailwater tunnel of underground power house 地下轮廓线 under outline of structure地下水 groundwater地形条件 topographical condition地形图比例尺 scale of topographical map地应力 ground stress地震 earthquake地震烈度 earthquake intensity地质条件 geological condition垫层 cushion垫座 plinth吊耳 lift eye调度 dispatch跌坎 drop—step跌流消能 drop energy dissipation跌水 drop迭代法 iteration method叠梁 stoplog丁坝 spur dike定向爆破堆石坝 directed blasting rockfill dam动强度 dynamic strength动水压力 hydrodynamic pressure洞内孔板消能 energy dissipation by orifice plate in tunnel洞内漩流消能 energy dissipation with swirling flow in tunnel 洞身段 tunnel body section洞室群 cavern group洞轴线 tunnel axis陡坡 steep slope渡槽短管型进水口 intake with pressure short pipe断层 fault堆石坝 rockfill dam对数螺旋线拱坝log spiral arch dam多级船闸 multi-stage lock多线船闸 multi-line lock多心圆拱坝 multi—centered arch dam多用途隧洞 multi-use tunnelE二道坝 secondary damF发电洞 power tunnel筏道 logway反弧段 bucket反滤层 filter防冲槽 erosion control trench防洪 flood preventi，flood control防洪限制水位 restricted stage for flood prevention防浪墙 parapet防渗墙 anti-seepage wall防渗体 anti—seepage body放空底孔 unwatering bottom outlet非常溢洪道 emergency spillway非线性有限元 non-linear finite element method非溢流重力坝 nonoverflow gravity dam分岔 fork分洪闸 flood diversion sluice分项系数 partial factor分项系数极限状态设计法 limit state design method of partial factor 封拱 arch closure封拱温度 closure temperature浮筒式升船机ship lift with floats浮箱闸门 floating camel gate浮运水闸 floating sluice辅助消能工 appurtenant energy dissipationG刚体极限平衡法 rigid limit equilibrium method刚性支护 rigid support钢筋混凝土衬砌 reinforced concrete lining钢筋计 reinforcement meter钢闸门 steel gate高边坡 high side slope高流速泄水隧洞 discharge tunnel with high velocity工程管理 project management工程规划 project plan工程量 quantity of work工程设计 engineering design工程施工 engineering construction工作桥 service bridge工作闸门 main gate拱坝坝肩岩体稳定 stability of rock mass near abutment of arch dam 拱坝布置 layout of arch dam拱坝上滑稳定分析 up—sliding stability analysis of arch dam拱坝体形 shape of arch dam拱端 arch abutment拱冠 arch crown拱冠梁法 crown cantilever method拱冠梁剖面 profile of crown cantilever拱内圈 intrados拱外圈 extrados固结 consolidation固结灌浆 consolidation grouting管涌 piping灌溉 irrigation规范 code，specification过坝建筑物 structures for passing dam过滤层 transition layer过渡区 transition zone过木机 log conveyer过木建筑物 log pass structures过鱼建筑物 fish-pass structuresH海漫 flexible涵洞 culvert河道冲刷 river bed scour荷载 load荷载组合 load combination横缝 transverse joint横拉闸门 horizontal rolling /sliding gate 洪水标准 flood standard虹吸溢洪道 siphon spillway厚高比 thickness to hight ratio弧形闸门 radial gate护岸工程 bank—protection works护坡 slope protection护坦 apron戽琉消能 bucke-type energy dissipation滑坡 land slip滑楔法 sliding wedge method环境评价 environment assessment换土垫层 cushion of replaced soil回填灌浆 backfill grouting混凝土 concrete混凝土衬砌 concrete lining混凝土防渗墙concrete cutoff wall混凝土面板 concrete face slab混凝土面板堆石坝 concrete-faced rockfill dam 混凝土重力坝 concrete gravity damJ基本荷载组合 basic load combination基本剖面 basic profile基面排水 base level drainage激光准直发 method of laser alignment极限平衡法 limit equilibrium method极限状态 limit state坚固系数 soundness coefficient剪切模量 shear modulus剪切应力 shear stress检查 inspection检修闸门 bulkhead简单条分法 simple slices method建筑材料 construction material渐变段 transition键槽 key/key—way浆砌石重力坝 cement—stone masonry gravity dam 交叉建筑物 crossing structure交通桥 access bridge校核洪水位 water level of check floo校核流量 check flood discharge接触冲刷 contact washing接触流土 soil flow on contact surface节制闸 controlling sluice结构可靠度 reliability of structure结构力学法 structural mechanics method结构系数 structural coefficient截流环 cutoff collar截水槽 cutoff trench进口段 inlet进口曲线 inlet curve进水喇叭口 inlet bellmouth进水闸 inlet sluice浸润面 saturated area浸润线 saturated line经济评价 economic assessment井式溢洪道 shaft spillway均质土坝 homogeneous earth damK开敞式溢洪道 open channel spillway开裂机理 crack mechanism勘测 exploration survey坎上水深 water depth on sill抗冲刷性 scour resistance抗冻性 frost resistance抗滑稳定安全系数 safety coefficient of stability against sliding 抗剪断公式 shear—break strength formula抗剪强度 shear strength抗裂性 crack resistance抗磨 abrasion—resistance抗侵蚀性 erosion-resistance抗震分析 analysis of earthquake resistance颗粒级配曲线 grain size distribution curve可靠度指标 reliability index可行性研究设计阶段 design stage of feasibility study空腹重力坝 hollow gravity dam空腹拱坝 hollow arch dam空化 cavitation空化数 cavitation number空蚀 cavitation damage控制堰 control weir枯水期 low water period库区 reservoir area宽顶堰 broad crested weir宽缝重力坝 slotted gravity dam宽高比 width to height ratio扩散段 expanding section扩散角 divergent angleL拦沙坎 sediment control sill拦污栅 trash rack廊道 gallery浪压力 wave pressure棱体排水 prism drainage理论分析 theory analysis力法方程 canonical equation of force method 连续式鼻坎 plain bucket联合消能 combined energy dissipation梁式渡槽 beam-type flume量水建筑物 water-measure structure裂缝 crack临界水力坡降 critical hydraulic gradient临时缝 temporary joint流量 discharge流速 flow velocity流态 flow pattern流土 soil flow流网 flow net流向 flow direction露顶式闸门 emersed gateM马蹄形断面 horseshoe section脉动压力 fluctuating pressure锚杆支护 anchor support门叶 gate flap迷宫堰 labyrinth weir面流消能 energy dissipation of surface regime 模型试验 model test摩擦公式 friction factor formula摩擦系数 coefficient of friction目标函数 objective functionN内部应力 internal stress内摩擦角 internal friction angle内水压力 internal water pressure挠度观测 deflection observation粘性土 cohesive soil碾压混凝土重力坝 roller compacted concrete gravity dam 凝聚力 cohesion扭曲式鼻坎 distorted type bucketP排沙底孔 flush bottom outlet排沙漏斗 flush funnel排沙隧洞 flush tunnel排水 drainage排水孔 drain hole排水设施 drainage facilities抛物线拱坝 parabolic arch dam喷混凝土支护shotcrete support喷锚支护 spray concrete and deadman strut漂木道 log chute平板坝 flat slab buttress dam平衡重式升船机vertical ship lift with counter weight 平面闸门 plain gate平压管 equalizing pipe坡率 slope ratio破碎带 crush zone铺盖 blanketQ启门力 lifting force砌石拱坝 stone masonry arch dam潜坝 submerged dam潜孔式闸门 submerged gate倾斜仪 clinometer曲线形沉沙池 curved sedimentary basin渠首 canal head渠道 canal渠系建筑物 canal system structure取水建筑物 water intake structureR人工材料心墙坝earth-rock dam with manufactured central core 人字闸门 mitre gate任意料区 miscellaneous aggregate zone溶洞 solution cavern柔度系数 flexibility coefficient褥垫式排水 horizontal blanket drainage软弱夹层 weak intercalationS三角网法 triangulation method三角形单元 triangular element三心圆拱坝 three center arch dam三轴试验 triaxial test上游 upstream设计洪水位 design flood level设计基准期 design reference period设计阶段 design stage设计阶段划分 dividing of design stage 设计流量 design discharge设计状况系数 design state coefficient 设计准则 design criteria伸缩缝 contraction joint渗流比降 seepage gradient渗流变形 seepage deformation渗流分析 seepage analysis渗流量 seepage discharge渗流体积力 mass force of seepage渗流系数 permeability coefficient 生态环境 ecological environment生态平衡 ecological balance失效概率 probability of failure施工导流 construction diversion施工缝 construction joint施工管理 construction management施工条件 construction condition施工图阶段 construction drawing stage实体重力坝 solid gravity dam实用剖面 practical profile实用堰 practical weir事故闸门 emergency gate视准线法 collimation method收缩段 constringent section枢纽布置 layout of hydraulic complex输水建筑物 water conveyance structure竖式排水 vertical drainage数值分析 numerical analysis双层衬砌 double—layer lining双曲拱坝 double curvature arch dam水电站地下厂房 underground power house水电站建筑物 hydroelectric station structure 水垫塘 cushion basin水工建筑物 hydraulic structure水工隧洞 hydraulic tunnel水环境 water environment水库吹程 fetch水库浸没 reservoir submersion水库渗漏 reservoir leakage水库坍岸 reservoir bank caving水库淹没 reservoir inundation水力劈裂 hydraulic fracture水利工程 hydraulic engineering，water project 水利工程设计 design of hydroproject水利工程枢纽分等 rank of hydraulic complex水利枢纽 hydraulic complex水面线 water level line水能 hydraulic energy水平位移 horizontal displacement水体污染 water pollution水土流失 water and soil loss水位急降 instantaneous reservoir drawdown水压力 hydraulic pressu水闸 sluice水质 water quality水资源 water resources顺坝 longitudinal dike四边形单元 quadrangular element塑性破坏 failure by plastic flow塑性变形 plastic deformation塑性区 plastic range锁坝 closure dike锁定器 dog deviceTT型墩 T—type pier塌落拱法 roof collapse arch method塔式进水口 tower intake台阶式溢流坝面 step—type overflow face弹塑性理论 elastoplastic theory弹性基础梁 beam on elastic foundation弹性抗力 elastic resistance弹性中心 elastic centre弹性理论 theory of elasticity特殊荷载组合 special load combination体形优化设计 shape optimizing design挑距 jet trajectory distance挑流消能 ski-jump energy dissipation挑射角 exit angle of jet调压室 surge tank贴坡排水 surface drainage on dam slope通航建筑物 navigation structure通气孔 air hole土工复合材料 geosynthetic土工膜 geomembrane土工织物 geotexile土石坝 earth—rock dam土压力 earth pressure土质材料斜墙坝 earth-rock dam with inclined soil core 土质心墙坝 earth-rock dam with central soil core驼峰堰 hump weir椭圆曲线 elliptical curveWWES型剖面堰 WES curve profile weir外水压力 external water pressure弯矩平衡 moment equilibrium围岩 surrounding rock围岩强度 strength of surrounding rock 围岩稳定分析围岩压力 surrounding rock pressu帷幕灌浆 curtain grouting维修 maintenance尾水渠 tailwater canal温度缝 temperature joint温度计 thermometer温度应变 temperature strain温度应力 temperature stress温降 temperature drop温升 temperature rise污水处理 sewage treatment无坝取水 undamed intake无粘性土 cohesionless soil无压泄水孔 free-flow outletX下游 downstream现场检查 field inspection橡胶坝 rubber dam消力池 stilling basin消能防冲设计 design of energy dissipation and erosion control 消能工 energy dissipator校核洪水位 water level of check flood校核流量 check flood discharge斜缝 inclined joint斜墙 inclined core泄洪洞 flood discharge tunnel泄洪雾化 flood discharge atomization泄水重力坝 overflow gravity dam胸墙 breast wall悬臂梁 cantiever beam汛期 flood perioY压力计 pressure meter压缩曲线 compressive curve淹没系数 coefficient of submergence扬压力 uplift养护 cure液化 liquifaction溢洪道 spillway溢流面 overflow face溢流前缘 length of overflow crest溢流堰顶 overflow crest溢流重力坝 overflow gravity dam翼墙 wing wall翼墙式连接 wing wall type connection引航道 approach channel引水渠 diversion canal引张线法 tense wire method应力分析 stress analysis应力集中 stress concentration应力应变观测 stress-strain observation应力重分布 stress redistribution永久缝 permanent joint优化设计 optimizing design有坝取水 barrage intake有效库容 effective storage预压加固 soil improvement by preloading 预应力衬砌 prestressed lining原型 prototype约束条件 constraint condition允许水力坡降allowable hydraulic gradientZ增量法 increment method闸底板 floor of slui闸墩 pier闸孔 sluice opening闸孔跨距 span of sluice opening闸门槽 gate slot闸室 chamber of sluice闸首 lock head闸址 sluice site正槽溢洪道 chute spillw正常使用极限状态 limit state of normal operation 正应力 normal stress正常溢洪道 main spillw支墩坝 buttress dam止水 watertight seal止水装置 sealing device趾板 toe slab趾墩 toe pier滞回圈 hysteresis loop主应力 principal stress纵缝 longitudinal joint阻尼比 damped ratio作用 action作用水头 working pressure head最优含水率 optimum moisture content。
水利水电工程英文专业词汇
水工建筑物专业词汇岸墙land wall坝顶dam crest，dam top坝踵dam heel坝趾dam toe板桩sheet pile边墩side pier，land pier变形模量deformation modulus鼻坎bucket lip毕肖普法Bishop method冰压力ice pressure剥离desquamation侧槽式溢洪道side channel Spillway沉降settlement齿墙cut-off trench冲沙闸（排沙闸）silt-releasing Sluice 纯拱法independent arch method刺墙key-wall大头坝massive-head buttress dam *buttress 是扶壁的意思单宽流量discharge per unit width单曲拱坝single-curvature arch dam挡潮闸tidal sluice导流隧洞river diversion tunnel倒悬度Overhang degree底流消能energy dissipation by underflow地震作用earthquake action垫座cushion abutment动水压力hydrodynamic pressure断层fault堆石坝rock-fill dam多拱梁法multi-arch beam method阀门valve gate防浪墙wave wall防渗铺盖impervious blanket非常溢洪道emergency spillway分洪闸flood diversion sluice副坝auxiliary dam刚体极限平衡法limit equilibrium method for rigid block拱坝arch dam拱冠梁crown cantilever拱冠粱法crown cantilever method工作桥service bridge固结灌浆consolidation grouting灌溉隧洞irrigation tunnel灌浆帷幕grout curtain管涌piping海漫apron extension横缝transverse joint虹吸式溢洪道siphon spillway蝴蝶阀butterfly valve护坡slope protection护坦apron弧形闸门radial gate滑雪道式溢洪道ski-jump spillway化学管涌chemical piping混凝土防渗墙concrete cut-off wall混凝土面板堆石坝concrete faced rock-fill dam基本断面primary section简化毕肖普法simplified Bishop method 浆砌石拱坝stone masonry arch dam浆砌石重力坝stone masonry gravitydam交通桥traffic bridge接触冲刷contact scouring接触灌浆contact grouting接缝灌浆joint grouting截水槽cut-off trench节制闸check sluice进水口water inlet进水闸inlet sluice井式溢洪道shaft spillway静水压力hydrostatic pressure均质坝homogeneous earth dam抗滑稳定分析analysis of stability against sliding抗滑稳定性stability against sliding空腹重力坝hollow gravity dam空化cavitation空蚀cavitation erosion空注阀hollow jet valve宽缝重力坝slotted gravity dam宽尾墩flaring pier廊道gallery浪压力wave force理论计算theoretical computation拦河闸river sluice沥青混凝土asphalt concrete连拱坝multiple-arch dam流土soil flow流网法flow net method锚杆anchor rod面板face slab面流消能energy dissipation by surface flow模型试验model experiment泥沙压力silt pressure碾压混凝土坝Roller Compacted Concrete Dam牛腿Corbel排沙隧洞silt-releasing tunnel排水drainage排水闸outlet sluice喷混凝土sprayed concrete平板坝flat slab buttress dam平面闸门plane gate破碎带crushed zone铺盖blanket砌石护坡stone pitching人工材料面板坝artificial material faced dam人工材料心墙坝artificial material-core dam溶洞solution cavern软基重力坝gravity dam on soft foundation软弱夹层soft intercalated layer实用断面practical section试载法trial-load method双曲拱坝double-curvature arch dam水工建筑物hydraulic structure水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel，waterway tunnel水力发电隧洞hydropower tunnel水利枢纽hydro-complex水力学方法hydraulics method水平施工缝horizontal joint水闸sluice弹性模量elastic modulus挑流消能energy dissipation by trajectory jet土工膜geomembrane土石坝earth-rock dam土质斜墙坝earth dam with inclined soil wall土质斜心墙坝earth dam with inclined soil core土质心墙坝earth dam with soil core帷幕灌浆curtain grouting温度荷载temperature load温度控制temperature control温度应力temperature stress温度作用temperature action无压隧洞free level tunnel消力池stilling pool消力戽roller bucket消能工energy dissipater泄洪隧洞spillway tunnel泄水建筑物discharge structure泄水孔outlet hole新奥法NATM（New Austrian Tunneling Method）胸墙breast wall扬压力uplift溢洪道spillway水垫塘plunge pool溢流坝overflow dam、翼墙wing wall应力分析stress analysis优化设计optimization design有限单元法finite element method有压隧洞pressure tunnel闸墩pier闸门gate闸门槽gate slot正槽式溢洪道normal channel spillway整体式重力坝monolithic gravity dam趾板toe slab支墩坝buttress dam重力坝gravity dam重力墩gravity abutment周边缝peripheral joint驻波standing wave锥形阀cone valve自由跌流free drop自重dead weight纵缝longitudinal joint键槽key strench伸缩缝contraction joint 施工缝construction joint 反弧段flip bucket拦污栅trash rack渐变段transition泄槽chute发电进水口power intake 通气管air vent检修门bulkhead gate事故门emergency gate 工作门service gate堰weir通气管air vent胸墙breast wall梁beam柱column回填混凝土backfill concrete 接地earth一期混凝土primary concrete 二期混凝土secondary concrete 叠梁门stoplog门机gantry crane止水waterstop钢筋reinforcement模板formwork围堰cofferdam马道bench；berm蜗壳volute水轮机turbine电站power house车间workshop发电机generator变电站transformer station副厂房auxiliary power house 安装间erection bay尾水闸门tail lock尾水渠tailrace引水渠approach channel前池fore bay导墙lead wall隔墙partition wall接触灌浆contact grouting回填混凝土backfill concrete帷幕灌浆curtain grouting挡墙retaining wall港口harbour港口建筑物port structure船闸navigation lock船闸充水lock filling船闸充水和泄水系统locking filling and emptying system船闸前池upper pool船闸上下游水位差lock lift船闸闸首lock head升船机ship elevator；ship lift鱼道fish canal旁通管by-pass齿槽cut-off wall。
工程专业英语词汇
civil engineering 土木工程slopes and fills 边坡和路堤settlement 沉降stability 稳定性hydraulic 水利的，液压的runoff 流量，流泻，流放behavior 性能，性质hazardous 危险的major 专业科目remedy 补救，修理roadway 路面，道路asphalt 沥青concrete 混凝土combustible 易燃的slurry 浆，泥浆，翻浆冒泥execution 施工，实施，执行specific 特殊的，专门的，具体的dynamic 动力的，冲击的static 静力的characteristic 特有的；特性，性能intensity 强度，密度sump 排水坑，集水坑carbon fiber 碳纤维excavation 挖掘，开挖landscape 风景，美化fill 填土ancillary 辅助的，附属的foundation 基础excavator 挖掘机，开凿者proceed 继续进行，开始interlock 使联结，使组合construction 建造，施工surveyor 测量员dewater 排水placement and curing 浇筑与养护cast 浇筑superstructure 上部结构duration 持续时间destroy 破坏，毁坏initially 最初，开始specialize 专门研究，使专业化geodetic 大地测量学topographical 地形学的powerhouse 动力室，发电厂skyscraper 摩天楼initiate 产生slag inclusion 夹渣gas pocket 气孔under cutting 咬边fatigue 疲劳black bolt 粗制螺栓high-strength fraction grip bolt 摩擦型高强度螺栓forge 打制，锻造thread 螺纹shank 螺杆asymmetrical 非对称的symmetrical 对称的neutral axis 中和轴bracing 支撑purlin 檩条shear wall structure 剪力墙结构long-time 长期的，持久的civilization文明urbanization 都市化architectural 建筑的spiral 螺旋的habitation 住所，居住rigidity 刚度，刚性multifunctional 多功能的，多用途的integrity 完整性，完善ductility 塑性，韧性uniformity 均匀性weldability 可焊性fire resistance 耐火性corrosion resistance 耐腐蚀性plateau 平台stress-strain curve 应力应变曲线yield strength 屈服强度sulphur 硫silicon 硅manganese 锰phosphorus 磷proportional 成比例的，比例上的ultimate 最后的，最终的strain harden 应变硬化specimen 试样delimitation 界限，分界periodically 定期地，周期地Poisson ratio 泊松比modulus 模量coefficient 系数distortion 扭曲，变形cement 水泥bituminous 沥青eco-materials 生态材料calcareous 石灰质的，钙质的argillaceous 黏土质的，黏土的calcined 焙烧的，煅烧的clinker 水泥熟料，熟料gypsum 石膏pulverize 粉碎set 凝固，安置，调节，硬化Portland cement 波特兰水泥，硅酸盐水泥rapid hardening cement 快硬性水泥formwork 模板工程，模板Portland pozzolana cement 火山灰质硅酸盐水泥air-entraining cement 引气水泥fineness 细度，纯度prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土mould 塑造，模具，模型shell structure 壳体结构paneling 嵌板，格子，镶板falsework 脚手架，临时支撑glued-laminated 胶合叠层metallic luster 金属光泽load bearing capacity 承载能力modulus of elasticity 弹性模量yield stress 屈服应力elongation 伸长率，伸长度waterproof 防水，抗水，防水的，耐水的，不透水的emulsion 乳液，乳化剂，乳胶capillary 毛细，毛细管polymer 聚合物，高分子，高分子聚合物crack 开裂，裂纹，裂缝pour 浇注，倾倒pump 抽吸，泵送spray 喷涂reinforcing steel=reinforcing bar 钢筋longitudinal 长度的，纵向的，轴向的shear force 剪力multistory building 多层建筑rate of contraction 收缩率rate of expansion 膨胀率embed 放入，埋入，埋置，嵌入reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土adhesion 附着力，黏合力bond 结合力，黏合力，黏结，握裹hot-rolled reinforcing bar 热轧钢筋rib-shaped surface 肋形表面alkaline 碱性的，碱性corrosion 腐蚀，侵蚀，锈spalling 剥落，层裂galvanized 镀锌的epoxy-coated 环氧涂层的rigid 刚性的frame 框架anchorage 锚固，锚具curtain wall 幕墙bearing wall 承重墙durability 耐久性deterioration 恶化，损坏，退化chloride 氯化物，漂白剂sulphate 硫酸盐alkali 碱absorption 吸收性，吸收permeability 渗透性，渗透率homogeneous 同类的，均质的，均相的disruptive 破坏性的thaw 解冻，融化reservoir 水库，蓄水池compatible 相容的，能共处的workability 和易性，可用性deicing 去冰，除冰leaching 浸析，浸出carbonation 碳化cement paste 水泥浆cavitation 气蚀，气穴，凹穴abrasive 磨蚀的，磨平的attrition 磨损，磨耗erosion 腐蚀，侵蚀fly ash 粉煤灰silica fume 硅粉mineral admixture 矿物掺合料calcium hydroxide 氢氧化钙porosity 孔隙率，多孔性segregation 离析，分离deformable 可变形的axially 轴向地torsion 扭转，扭力shell 壳体distortion 扭转，扭曲，翘曲，变形formula 公式，方程式，方案strain 应变deflection 挠度，挠曲，偏离，偏差角failure 失效，失败，破裂，故障criterion 准则，判据，标准criteria （复数）准则，判据，标准factor of safety 安全系数fracture 破裂，破碎，折断，断裂collapse 坍塌，破坏，倒塌，陷落，倒闭static 静的，静力的，静电的code 规范，标准linear elastic range 线弹性范围allowable stress 允许应力mild steel 低碳钢ultimate stress 极限应力margin 边缘部分，栏外，页面的空白。
边坡工程防护技术-中英对照
边坡工程防护技术姓名：李杰浩学院：专业：土木工程公路与桥梁班级：学号：联系方式：电子邮箱：边坡工程防护技术李杰浩（重庆交通大学国际学院，2012级土木工程公路与桥梁专业2班学号631226010207）摘要：公路工程中的边坡防护技术是公路防护技术的重要组成部分，也是公路防护中的难点技术。
从公路养护和人民群众的切身利益出发，都应该加强公路施工中的边坡防护技术研究。
目前的边坡防护技术主要有工程防护技术和植物防护技术。
本文以工程防护技术为研究内容，从坡面防护、锚杆加固防护和和支挡工程三个大的方面来进行研究，将每一种防护技术与其相适应的工程地质条件和相结合，总结其优缺点。
以对症下药的方法，起到防滑固坡的效果。
关键词：边坡工程；工程防护技术；结合；防滑固坡。
引言边坡病害防治采取预防为主，辅以治理的原则，在线路选定前要做到准确勘查所经路线的岩土性质及其他相关的工程地质问题。
这不仅能为后面的设计施工提供准确详尽的第一手资料，而且能避免出现较大的安全事故。
工程防护技术可分为工程加固措施与工程防护措施。
工程加固措施可以对边坡可以起加固作用，比如锚杆、抗滑桩和挡土墙等加固措施；工程防护措施用于对边坡坡面进行防护，只适用于稳定边坡，主要应用于岩石边坡，比如干砌片石防护、喷射混凝土护坡等，其作用是防止岩石边坡坡面被风化、土质边坡坡面被雨水冲刷。
正文1.坡面防护坡面防护措施主要有抹面、捶面、喷砂浆和喷混凝土、勾缝和灌浆、护面墙、干砌片石、浆砌片石等方式。
1.1 抹面防护适用于易风化的软质岩层路堑边坡，在坡面上加设一层耐风化表层，以隔离大气的影响，防止风化。
常用的抹面材料有各种石灰混合料灰浆、水泥砂浆等。
抹面厚度一般为3～7cm，可使用6～8年。
为防止表面产生微细裂缝影响抹面使用寿命，可在表面涂一层沥青保护层。
1.2 捶面防护适用于易受冲刷的土质边坡或易风化剥落的岩质边坡，且坡度不陡于1：0.5。
其防护性质与抹面防护相近，使用材料也大体相同。
公路工程施工专业英语词汇
公路工程施工专业英语词汇公路桥梁Ganger 工长Skilled labour 技工Operator for heavy...重型设备操作工Welder 焊工Propel 推进驱动Concrete mixer 混凝土搅拌机Stone crushing plant 破碎系统Asphalt plant 沥青系统Grader 平地机In figures 小写In words 大写Bitumen 沥青柏油Bitumen distributor 沥青撒布工Portable pump 手提式泵Diameter 直径semi diameter Excavator/backhoe 反铲Welding machine 焊机Cement 水泥Aggregate 骨料Earth works 土石方工程Clearing and grubbing 清理Cutting and removal of tree 移植Unsuitable material 不合格料Disposal 处置Stockpile 储备堆放Back fill 回填Cladding layer 覆盖层Girth 周长围长Borrow pit in arranged land 借土Swamp 沼泽湿地Sub-grade works 路基工程improved sub-grade 路基改善Fine aggregate 细骨料1st class bricks 1级砖Dismantle portions 拆除部分Brick Masonry 砖砌结构Pavement works 路面工程Repair of Pothole 坑洼坑洞修补Milling of exiting pavement 刨除现有路面Sub-base 底基层Bituminous Prime Coat 沥青透层Bituminous Tack Coat 沥青粘结层Wearing Course 磨耗层Base Course 基层Sole agent 独家代理Bored piles 钻孔灌注桩Plug 插头塞住Carry out 执行Load test 荷载测试Pilot 飞行员试点的Strain 张力拉紧Dynamic 应变力lateral load 侧向荷载Grade beam 地基梁Flyover 天桥立交桥Culvert 涵洞Pier 桥墩码头Pedestal 底座基座Superstructure 上部结构Sub structure 下部结构Box girder 箱梁Crane girder 吊车梁Pres tress 预应力Strand 线串prestressing strands Expansion joint 伸缩缝Seal 封闭strip sealElastic 弹性的松紧带Bearing of bridge 支座Friction 摩擦Slab 板Incidental 附带的杂项Catch pit 积水坑Bedding 垫层mortar bedding 砂浆垫层Kerb 路缘石Gutter 排水沟Fiber 纤维Filter 过滤Crash barrier 防撞栏Triangle traffic signs 三角交通标志round Aluminum 铝铝的Plaster 石膏Hook 挂钩钩住Tile 瓷砖瓦片White washing 刷白Polish 抛光Lime 石灰Panel （仪表/控制）面板小组Stainless steel 不锈钢Rusty 生锈的Copper 铜Sensor device 感言装置Sanitary 卫生的Oriental 东方的Commode 马桶洗脸台wash basinFuse 融合熔断保险丝Arrester 避雷器lightning protectionCircuit breaker 断路器Blade 叶片Exhaust 排出排气使精疲力尽Split 分开分离劈开Slot 插槽Laboratory 试验室Road base 路基Gravel 碎石Bank guarantee 银行保函unlimited competitive open biding 公开招标security company 担保公司payment guarantee 支付保函cost plan 成本计划client′s requirements业主要求offer 报价quotationbid evaluation 评标Audit 审核review commentDefect 缺陷preventive action 预防措施Bearing platform 承台Bench mark 水准点Bending strength 抗弯强度Bent cap 盖梁Annual average daily traffic 年平均日交通量Aerial photogrammetry 航空摄影测量Admixture 外加剂Abutment 桥台Bituminous surface treatment 沥青表处Toll system 收费系统Traffic flow 交通流量traffic volume Cumulative toll revenue 累计收费Toll station 收费站Toll rate 收费标准Adjustment for toll rate 收费调整Preference 优先偏爱GDP growth forecast 经济增长预测Historic economic statistic （record）历史经济数据Daily record 日报表Traffic survey 交通调查Traffic composition 交通组成Traffic density 交通密度Peak（design） hourly volume 高峰（设计）小时交通量Base year 基年Planned road network 规划路网Parallel road 平行路网Base/optimistic/conservative case 基本/乐观/保守方案。
土方边坡与基坑支护
项目三土方边坡与基坑支护职业能力目标基坑是建筑工程的一部分,尤其是对深基坑开挖与支护问题,引起了各方面的广泛重视;由于影响其工程质量的因素复杂,因此,在基坑工程施工中,处理不当时可能会出现一些意外的情况,给工程造成一定的经济损失;通过本项目的学习,应了解土压力的类型,熟悉其影响因素,土方边坡的稳定分析,基坑支护结构的类型及选型原则,基坑支护结构的破坏形式与现场监测;关键词中英文主动土压力Active earth Pressure；静止土压力Earth pressure at rest ;被动土压力Passive earth Pressure；边坡Side slope任务一土压力的类型与影响因素在建筑工程地基与基础施工中,为了防止土坡发生滑动和坍塌,需用各种类型的挡土结构物加以支挡;支挡结构物的典型代表就是挡土墙,它是用来支撑天然或人工斜坡不致坍塌以保持土体稳定性,或使部分侧向荷载传递分散到填土上的支挡结构物;要想解决好基坑支护问题,需要我们学习相关的一些理论知识;一、土压力的类型土压力是指由于土体自重、土上荷载或结构物的侧向挤压作用,挡土结构物所承受的来自墙后填土的侧向压力;土压力的确定是挡土支护施工设计的重要依据;1、土压力试验在实验室里通过挡土墙的模型试验,可以测得当挡土墙产生不同方向的位移时,将产生三种不同性质的土压力;在一个长方形的模型槽中部插上一块刚性挡板,在板的一侧安装压力盒,填上土；板的另一侧临空;在挡板静止不动时,测得板上的土压力为E0 ；如果将挡板向离开土体的临空方向移动或转动时,则土压力逐渐减小,当墙后土体发生滑动时达到最小值,测得板上的土压力为E a ；反之,将挡板推向填土方向则土压力逐渐增大, 图6-2 墙身位移与土压力的关系当墙后土体发生滑动时达到最大值,测得板上的土压力为Ep;土压力随挡板移动而变化的情况如图6-2 所示;2、土压力种类上述土压力试验表明,根据挡土墙的位移情况和墙后土体所处的应力状态,可将土压力分为以下三种;,可以将土压力分为以下三种情况;1 静止土压力 E;如图6-3a 所示,挡土墙在墙后填土的推力作用下,不发生任何方向的移动或转动时,墙后土体没有破坏,而处于弹性平衡状态,作用于墙背的水平压力称为静止土压力E;例如,地下室外墙在楼面和内隔墙的支撑作用下几乎无位移发生,作用在外墙面上的土压力即为静止土压力;2 主动土压力 E;如图6-3b 所示,挡土墙在填土压力作用下,向着背离土体方a向发生移动或转动时,墙后土体由于侧面所受限制的放松而有下滑的趋势,土体内潜在滑动面上的剪应力增加,使作用在墙背上的土压力逐渐减小;当挡土墙的移动或转动达到一定数值时,墙后土体达到主动极限平衡状态,此时作用在墙背土体主动推墙;上的土压力,称为主动土压力Ea图6-3 土压力的类型3被动土压力 Ep;如图6-3c 所示,当挡土墙在较大的外力作用下,向着土体的方向移动或转动时,墙后土体由于受到挤压,有向上滑动的趋势,土体内潜在滑动面上的剪应力反向增加,使作用在墙背上的土压力逐渐增大;当挡土墙的移动或转动达到一定数值时,墙后土体达到被动极限平衡状态,此时作用在墙背上的土压力,称为被动土压力Ep土体被动地被墙推移;静止土压力的计算主要应用弹性理论的方法；主动土压力和被动土压力的计算主要应用朗肯土压力理论和库仑土压力理论以及由此发展起来的一些近似方法及图解法;试验研究表明,在相同条件下,主动土压力小于静止土压力,而静止土压力又小于被动土压力,即： Ea <Eo< Ep;二、影响土压力的因素1、挡土墙的位移;挡土墙的位移或转动方向和位移量的大小,是影响土压力大小的最主要因素;墙体位移的方向不同,土压力的性质就不同；墙体方向和位移量大小决定着所产生的土压力的大小;其它条件完全相同,仅仅挡土墙的移动方向相反,土压力的数值相差可达20 倍左右;2、挡土墙类型;挡土墙的剖面形状,包括墙背为数值还是倾斜、光滑还是粗糙,都关系采用何种土压力计算理论公式和计算结果;如果挡土墙的材料采用素混凝土或钢筋混凝土,可认为墙背表面光滑,不计摩擦力；若是砌石挡土墙,则必须计入摩擦力,因而土压力的大小和方向都不相同;3、填土的性质;挡土墙后填土的性质,包括填土松密程度即重度、干湿程度即含水率、土的强度指标内摩擦角和粘聚力的大小,以及填土表面的形状水平、上斜或下斜等,都将会影响土压力的大小;任务二土方边坡与稳定在工程建设中常会遇到土坡稳定性问题,如道路路堤,基坑的放坡开挖和山体边坡等;边坡由于丧失稳定性而滑动,称为“滑坡”; 如果施工中处理不当,一旦发生滑坡将会造成严重的工程事故,不仅影响工程进度,甚至威及生命安全和工程存亡,应该引起重视;因此应正确认识土方边坡与稳定方面的相关知识,积极采取必要时的工程措施;一、土方边坡土坡就是具有倾斜表面的土体;由于地质作用自然形成的土坡,如山坡、江河的岸坡等称为天然土坡;经过人工开挖,填土工程建造物如基坑、渠道、土坡、路堤等的边坡,通常称为人工土坡;土坡的外形和各部分名称,如图6-35 所示;在土体自重和外力作用下,坡体内将产生切应力,当切应力大于土的抗图6-35 土坡的各部分名称剪强度时,即产生剪切破坏,如靠坡面处剪切破坏面积很大,则将产生一部分土体相对另一部分土体滑动的现象,称为滑坡或塌方;为保证施工时土体的稳定,防止塌方,保证施工安全,当挖土超过一定的深度时,深度不宜超过下列规定：密实、中密的砂土和碎石类土——；硬塑、可塑的粉土及粉质粘土——；硬塑、可塑的粘土和碎石类土填充物为粘性土—；坚硬的粘土—;当地质条件良好,土质均匀且地下水位低于基坑槽或管沟底标高时,挖土深度在5m以内不加支撑的边坡最陡坡度应符合表1-3规定,即使按规定放坡,施工中也要随时检查边坡的稳定情况;表1—3注：1、静载指堆土或材料等,动载指机械挖土或汽车运输作业等;静载或动载距挖方边缘的距离应保证边坡直立壁的稳定,堆土或材料应距挖方边缘以外,高度不超过;2、当有成熟的施工经验时,可不受本表限制;二、影响土方边坡稳定的因素土方边坡稳定在工程上具有很重要的意义,特别要注意外界不利因素对土坡稳定的影响;影响土方边坡稳定主要有以下因素：1土坡坡度;土坡坡度有两种表示方法：一种以高度和水平尺度之比来表示；另一种以坡角θ的大小来表示;坡角θ越小则土坡越稳定,但不经济；坡角θ越大则土坡越经济,但不安全;2土坡高度;土坡高度H 是指坡脚到坡顶之间的铅直距离;试验研究表面,对于粘性土坡,其他条件相同时,坡高越小,土坡越稳定;3土的性质;土的性质越好,土坡越稳定;例如,土的抗剪强度指标：粘聚力C 、内摩擦角Φ值大的土坡比C、Φ值小的土坡稳定;有时由于地震等原因,使Φ降低或产生孔隙水压力,可能使原来稳定的边坡失稳滑动,地下水位上升,对土坡不利; 4气象条件;若天气晴朗,土坡处于干燥状态,土的强度高,土坡的稳定性就好;若在雨季,尤其是连续大暴雨,大量的雨水入渗,使土的强度降低,可能导致土坡滑动;5地下水的渗透;当土坡中存在与滑动方向一致的渗透力时,对土坡稳定不利;例如,水库土坝下游土坡可能发生这种情况;6震动荷载;震动荷载,如地震、工程爆破、车辆震动等,会产生附加的震动荷载,降低土坡的稳定性;震动荷载还可能使土体中的孔隙水压力升高,降低土体的抗剪强度;震动能量愈大则愈威险;7人类活动和生态环境;人类活动和生态环境,将对土坡的稳定性产生影响;例如,经过漫长时间形成的天然土坡原本是稳定的,如在土坡上建造房屋,增加了坡上荷载,有可能引起土坡的滑动；如在坡脚建房,为增加平地面积,往往将坡脚的缓坡削平,则土坡更容易失稳发生滑动;三、土坡滑动失稳的理论分析从影响土方边坡稳定的因素来看,土坡滑动失稳的原因一般有以下两类情况：l外界力的作用破坏了土体内原来的应力平衡状态;如基坑的开挖,由于地基内自身重力发生变化,改变了土体原来的应力平衡状态；又如路堤的填筑、土坡顶面上作用外荷载、土体内水的渗流、地震力的作用等也都会破坏土体内原有的应力平衡状态,导致土坡坍塌;2土的抗剪强度由于受到外界各种因素的影响而降低,促使土坡失稳破坏;如外界气候等自然条件的变化,使土时干时湿、收缩膨胀、冻结、融化等,从而使土变松,强度降低；土坡内因雨水的浸入使土湿化,强度降低；土坡附近因打桩、爆破或地震力的作用将引起土的液化或触变,使土的强度降低;四、施工中边坡失稳的原因与措施根据工程实践调查分析,造成边坡塌方的主要原因有以下几点：1、未按规定放坡土体本身稳定性不够而产生塌方；2、基坑上边缘附近堆物过重,使土体中产生的剪应力超过土体的抗剪强度；3、地面水及地下水渗入边坡土体,使土体的自重增大,抗剪能力降低,从而产生塌方;因此,防止边坡塌方的主要措施有：1、放足边坡：边坡的留置应合乎规范的要求,其坡度大小,则应根据土壤的性质、水文地质条件、施工方法、开挖深度、工期的长短等因素而定;施工时应随时观察土壁变化情况;2、在边坡上堆土方或材料以及使用施工机械时,应保持与边坡边缘有一定安全距离;当土质良好时,堆土或材料应距挖方边缘以外,高度不应超过;在软土地区开挖时,应随挖随运,以防由于地面加荷引起的边坡塌方;3、作好排水工作,防止地表水、施工用水和生活废水浸入边坡土体,在雨期施工时,应更加注意检查边坡的稳定性,必要时加设支撑;当基坑开挖完后,可采用塑料薄膜覆盖,水泥砂浆抹面、挂网抹面或喷浆等方法进行边坡坡面防护,可有效防止边坡失稳;在土方开挖过程中,应随时观察边坡土体,当出现如裂缝、滑动等失稳迹象时,应暂停施工,必要时将施工人员和机械撤出至安全地点;同时,应设置观察点,并对土体平面位移和沉降变化作好记录,随后与设计单位联系,研究相应的措施,如排水、支档、减重反压和护坡等方法进行综合治理;有些情况下,也可采用通风疏干、电渗排水,爆破灌浆,化学加固等方法,改善滑动带岩土的性质,以稳定边坡;五、边坡稳定分析简介地基稳定性可采用圆弧滑动面法进行验算.最危险的滑动面上诸力对滑动中心所产生的抗滑力矩与滑动力矩应符合下式要求:MR/MS≥式中MS---滑动力矩;MR---抗滑力矩.当边坡坡角大于45°,坡高大于8m时,尚应按式MR/MS≥验算坡体稳定性;在建设场区内,由于施工或其他因素的影响有可能形成滑坡的地段,必须采取可靠的预防措施,防止产生滑坡;对具有发展趋势并威胁建筑物安全使用的滑坡,应及早整治,防止滑坡继续发展;必须根据工程地质、水文地质条件以及施工影响等因素,认真分析滑坡可能发生或发展的主要原因,可采取下列防治滑坡的处理措施：1.排水：应设置排水沟以防止地面水浸入滑坡地段,必要时尚应采取防渗措施;在地下水影响较大的情况下,应根据地质条件,做好地下排水工程；2.支挡：根据滑坡推力的大小、方向及作用点,可选用重力式抗滑挡墙、阻滑桩及其他抗滑结构;抗滑挡墙的基底及阻滑桩的桩端应埋置于滑动面以下的稳定土岩层中;必要时,应验算墙顶以上的土岩体从墙顶滑出的可能性；3.卸载：在保证卸载区上方及两侧岩土稳定的情况下,可在滑体主动区卸载,但不得在滑体被动区卸载；4.反压：在滑体的阻滑区段增加竖向荷载以提高滑体的阻滑安全系数;四、土坡稳定分析的几个问题1. 关于挖方边坡和天然边坡人工挖出和天然存在的土坡是在天然地层中形成的,但与人工填筑土坡相比有独特之处;对均质挖方土坡和天然土坡稳定性分析,与人工填筑土坡相比,求得的安全系数比较符合实测结果,但对于超固结裂隙粘土,算得的安全系数虽远大于1,表面上看来已稳定,实际上都已破坏,这是由超固结粘土的特性决定的;随着剪切变形的增加,抗剪强度增大到峰值强度,随后降至残余值,特别是粘聚力下降较大,甚至接近于零,这些特性对土坡稳定性有很大影响;2. 关于圆弧滑动法该法把滑动面简单地当做圆弧,并认为滑动土体是刚性的,没有考虑分条之间的推力,或只考虑分条间水平推力毕肖普公式,故计算结果不能完全符合实际,但由于计算概念明确,且能分析复杂条件下土坡稳定性,所以在各国实践中普遍使用;由均质粘土组成的土坡,该方法可使用,但由非均质粘土组成的土坡,如坝基下存在软弱夹层或土石坝等,其滑动面形状发生很大变化,应根据具体情况,采用非圆弧法进行计算比较;不论用哪一种方法．都必须考虑渗流的作用;3. 土的抗剪强度指标选用问题选用的土抗剪强度指标是否合理,对土坡稳定性分析结果有密切关系;应结合边坡实际加荷情况,填料性质和排水条件等,合理选用土的抗剪强度指标;4. 安全系数选用问题从理论上讲,处于极限平衡状态的土坡,其安全系数K＝1,所以：若设计土坡时的K>1,就应满足稳定要求;但实际工程中,有些土坡安全系数K>1,还是发生了滑动；而有些土坡安全系数K＜1,却是稳定的;这是因为影响安全系数的因素很多,如抗剪强度指标的选用、计算方法的选择、计算条件的选择等;目前对土坡稳定容许安全系数的数值,各部门尚无统一标准,选用时要注意计算方法、强度指标和容许安全系数必须相互配合,并要根据工程不同情况,结合当地已有经验加以确定; 5. 成层土土坡或地表面有堆载等复杂情况下土坡稳定性分析当土坡滑动体由两层或更多土层组成时,滑动面往往贯穿多个土层;土坡稳定性分析时,土体自重的应该根据滑动体的具体组成,采用相应的重度计算；抗剪强度也应该依据实际情况分段采用相应的抗剪强度指标计算;当地表面有堆载时,按划分后的土条,将堆载分摊到相应的土条顶面;土坡稳定性分析时,将堆载作为竖直向的力,计入相应的平衡方程;6．土坡稳定的允许高度建筑地基基础设计规范GB50007-2002 规定：边坡的坡度允许值,应根据当地经验,参照同类土层稳定坡度确定,当土质良好且均允匀,可按表6-6 确定;表6-6土质边坡的坡度允许值土坡失稳是土体内部应力状态发生显著改变的结果,土坡稳定性分析的实质就是土的抗剪强度问题的实际应用;影响土坡稳定的因素很多,如抗剪强度指标的选用、计算方法的选择、计算条件的选择等;目前对土坡稳定容许安全系数的数值,各部门尚无统一标准,选用时要注意计算方法、强度指标和容许安全系数必须相互配合,并根据工程情况,结合当地经验确定;任务三基坑支护结构的类型及选型原则城市高层建筑的迅速发展,地下停车场、人防工程、地铁等工程都需要深基坑开挖,加上基坑周围通常存在交通要道、已建建筑或管线等各种构筑物,无疑增加了基坑开挖的难度;而要保护基坑及其周边建、构筑物的安全使用,支护结构的合理选择是关键;我们知道,一般的基坑支护大多是临时结构、投资太大也易造成浪费,但支护结构不安全又势必会造成工程事故;因此,如何安全、合理地选择合适的支护结构并根据基坑工程的特点进行科学的设计是基坑工程要解决的主要内容;以下简单介绍当前基坑工程中常见的支护结构类型及不同地基土条件下的基坑工程支护结构选型原则;一、基坑支护的类型及其特点和适用范围1、放坡开挖放坡开挖是根据基坑具体施工条件和不同土质的要求放足边坡进行土方开挖;适用于周围场地开阔,周围无重要建筑物的情况;其要求边坡土体稳定,位移控制严格,由于不需支挡材料,经济性好,但回填土方较大;2、排桩支护由于其对各种地质条件的适应性、施工简单易操作且设备投入一般不是很大,在我国排桩式支护是应用较多的一种;排桩通常多用于坑深7～15m的基坑二程,做成排桩挡墙,顶部浇筑砼圈梁,它具有刚度较大、抗弯能力强、变形相对较小,施工时无振动、噪音小,无挤土现象,对周围环境影响小等特点;当工程桩也为灌注桩时,可以同步施工,从而有利于施工组织、工期短;当开挖影响深度内地下水位高且存在强透水层时,需采用隔水措施或降水措施;当开挖深度较大或对边坡变形要求严格时,需结合锚拉系统或支撑系统使用;排桩支护一般造价较高;3、深层搅拌水泥土围护墙深层搅拌水泥土围护墙是采用深层搅拌机就地将土和输入的水泥浆强行搅拌,形成连续搭接的水泥土柱状加固体挡墙;水泥土围护墙优点:由于一般坑内无支撑,便于机械化快速挖土;具有挡土、止水的双重功能;一般情况下较经济;施工中无振动、无噪音、污染少、挤土轻微,因此在闹市区内施工更显出优越性;水泥土围护墙的缺点:首先是位移相对较大,尤其在基坑长度大时,为此可采取中间加墩、起拱等措施以限制过大的位移;其次是厚度较大,只有在红线位置和周围环境允许时才能采用,而且在水泥土搅拌桩施工时要注意防止影响周围环境;4、高压旋喷桩高压旋喷桩所用的材料亦为水泥浆,它是利用高压经过旋转的喷嘴将水泥浆喷入土层与土体混合形成水泥土加固体,相互搭接形成排桩,用来挡土和止水;高压旋喷桩的施工费用要高于深层搅拌水泥土桩,但其施工设备结构紧凑、体积小、机动性强、占地少,并且施工机具的振动很小,噪音也较低,不会对周围建筑物带来振动的影响和产生噪音等公害,它可用于空间较小处,但施工中有大量泥浆排出,容易引起污染;对于地下水流速过大的地层,无填充物的岩溶地段永冻土和对水泥有严重腐蚀的土质,由于喷射的浆液无法在注浆管周围凝固,均不宜采用该法;5、钢板桩钢板桩有平板形和波浪形两种,采用带锁口或钳口的热轧型钢,依靠锁口或钳口相互咬合连接,形成钢板桩支护钢板桩之间通过锁口互相连接,形成一道连续的挡墙, 同时也具有较好的隔水能力;钢板桩截面积小,易于打入;U形、z形等波浪式钢板桩截面抗弯能力较好;钢板桩在基础施工完毕后还可拔出重复使用;钢板桩支护适于软弱场地地基和地下水位高且水量丰富的地区,具有强度高、阻水、施工简便、快捷等特点,悬臂时以H≤4m为宜;缺点一是一次投入钢材多；二是不能完全挡水和对土中的细小颗粒阻挡效果不佳,在地下水位高的地区还需采取隔水或降水措施；三是抗弯能力较弱,支护刚度小,开挖后变形较大;因此基坑深度4m时,通常在桩顶部设置一道支撑或锚拉;施工工艺简单但对设备要求较高,在同等条件下一般比其他支护形式工期短,造价相对较高;目前,也有用由槽钢正反扣搭接或并排组成的一种简易钢板桩围护墙;槽钢长6～8m ,型号由计算确定;其特点为:槽钢具有良好的耐久性,基坑施工完毕回填土后可将槽钢拔出回收再次使用;施工方便,工期短;不能挡水和土中的细小颗粒,在地下水位高的地区需采取隔水或降水措施;抗弯能力较弱,多用于深度≤4m的较浅基坑或沟槽,顶部宜设置一道支撑或拉锚;支护刚度小,开挖后变形较大;6、钢筋混凝土板桩钢筋混凝土板桩具有施工简单、现场作业周期短等特点,曾在基坑中广泛应用,但由于钢筋混凝土板桩的施打一般采用锤击方法,振动与噪音大,同时沉桩过程中挤土也较为严重,在城市工程中受到一定限制;此外,其制作一般在工厂预制,再运至工地,成本较灌注桩等略高;但由于其截面形状及配筋对板桩受力较为合理并且可根据需要设计,目前已可制作厚度较大如厚度达500mm 以上的板桩,并有液压静力沉桩设备,故在基坑工程中仍是支护板墙的一种使用形式;7、钻孔灌注桩钻孔灌注桩围护墙是排桩式中应用最多的一种,在我国得到广泛的应用;其多用于坑深7～15m 的基坑工程,在我国北方土质较好地区已有8～9m 的臂桩围护墙;钻孔灌注桩支护墙体的特点有:施工时无振动、无噪音等环境公害,无挤土现象,对周围环境影响小;墙身强度高,刚度大,支护稳定性好,变形小;当工程桩也为灌注桩时,可以同步施工,从而施工有利于组织、方便、工期短;桩间缝隙易造成水土流失,特别时在高水位软粘土质地区,需根据工程条件采取注浆、水泥搅拌桩、旋喷桩等施工措施以解决挡水问题;适用于软粘土质和砂土地区,但是在砂砾层和卵石中施工困难应该慎用;桩与桩之间主要通过桩顶冠梁和围檩连成整体,因而相对整体性较差,当在重要地区,特殊工程及开挖深度很大的基坑中应用时需要特别慎重;8、地下连续墙通常连续墙的厚度为600mm、800mm、1000mm,也有厚达1200mm的,但较少使用;地下室连续墙作为基坑支护结构,墙体刚度大,集挡土、截水、防渗和承重于一体,是支护结构中最强的支护型式;适用于地质条件差和复杂,基坑深度大,周边环境要求较高的基坑;地下连续墙可作为地下室墙体的组成部分,对于开挖量大、基坑深的工程更显出独特的优越性,是一种很有前途的基坑支护方式,但需专用机具设备,机械化程度比较高,它的采用宜与内衬结合后做为地下室外墙使用,从而降低支护结构的成本;地下连续墙的优越性早巳为世界公认,在大深度基坑和复杂的工程环境下非它莫属;唯其造价较高,施工要求专用设备,。
水利水电工程英文专业词汇
水工建筑物专业词汇岸墙land wall坝顶dam crest,dam top坝踵dam heel坝趾dam toe板桩sheet pile边墩side pier,land pier变形模量deformation modulus鼻坎bucket lip毕肖普法Bishop method冰压力ice pressure剥离desquamation侧槽式溢洪道side channel Spillway沉降settlement齿墙cut-off trench冲沙闸(排沙闸) silt-releasing Sluice纯拱法independent arch method刺墙key-wall大头坝massive-head buttress dam *buttress 就是扶壁的意思单宽流量discharge per unit width单曲拱坝single-curvature arch dam挡潮闸tidal sluice导流隧洞river diversion tunnel倒悬度Overhang degree底流消能energy dissipation by underflow地震作用earthquake action垫座cushion abutment动水压力hydrodynamic pressure断层fault堆石坝rock-fill dam多拱梁法multi-arch beam method阀门valve gate防浪墙wave wall防渗铺盖impervious blanket非常溢洪道emergency spillway分洪闸flood diversion sluice副坝auxiliary dam刚体极限平衡法limit equilibrium method for rigid block 拱坝arch dam拱冠梁crown cantilever拱冠粱法crown cantilever method工作桥service bridge固结灌浆consolidation grouting灌溉隧洞irrigation tunnel灌浆帷幕grout curtain管涌piping海漫apron extension横缝transverse joint虹吸式溢洪道siphon spillway蝴蝶阀butterfly valve护坡slope protection护坦apron弧形闸门radial gate滑雪道式溢洪道ski-jump spillway化学管涌chemical piping混凝土防渗墙concrete cut-off wall混凝土面板堆石坝concrete faced rock-fill dam 基本断面primary section简化毕肖普法simplified Bishop method浆砌石拱坝stone masonry arch dam浆砌石重力坝stone masonry gravity dam交通桥traffic bridge接触冲刷contact scouring接触灌浆contact grouting接缝灌浆joint grouting截水槽cut-off trench节制闸check sluice进水口water inlet进水闸inlet sluice井式溢洪道shaft spillway静水压力hydrostatic pressure均质坝homogeneous earth dam抗滑稳定分析analysis of stability against sliding 抗滑稳定性stability against sliding空腹重力坝hollow gravity dam空化cavitation空蚀cavitation erosion空注阀hollow jet valve宽缝重力坝slotted gravity dam宽尾墩flaring pier廊道gallery浪压力wave force理论计算theoretical computation拦河闸river sluice沥青混凝土asphalt concrete连拱坝multiple-arch dam流土soil flow流网法flow net method锚杆anchor rod面板face slab面流消能energy dissipation by surface flow模型试验model experiment泥沙压力silt pressure碾压混凝土坝Roller Compacted Concrete Dam 牛腿Corbel排沙隧洞silt-releasing tunnel排水drainage排水闸outlet sluice喷混凝土sprayed concrete平板坝flat slab buttress dam平面闸门plane gate破碎带crushed zone铺盖blanket砌石护坡stone pitching人工材料面板坝artificial material faced dam 人工材料心墙坝artificial material-core dam溶洞solution cavern软基重力坝gravity dam on soft foundation软弱夹层soft intercalated layer实用断面practical section试载法trial-load method双曲拱坝double-curvature arch dam水工建筑物hydraulic structure水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel,waterway tunnel水力发电隧洞hydropower tunnel水利枢纽hydro-complex水力学方法hydraulics method水平施工缝horizontal joint水闸sluice弹性模量elastic modulus挑流消能energy dissipation by trajectory jet土工膜geomembrane土石坝earth-rock dam土质斜墙坝earth dam with inclined soil wall 土质斜心墙坝earth dam with inclined soil core 土质心墙坝earth dam with soil core帷幕灌浆curtain grouting温度荷载temperature load温度控制temperature control温度应力temperature stress温度作用temperature action无压隧洞free level tunnel消力池stilling pool消力戽roller bucket消能工energy dissipater泄洪隧洞spillway tunnel泄水建筑物discharge structure泄水孔outlet hole新奥法NATM(New Austrian Tunneling Method) 胸墙breast wall扬压力uplift溢洪道spillway水垫塘plunge pool溢流坝overflow dam、翼墙wing wall应力分析stress analysis优化设计optimization design有限单元法finite element method有压隧洞pressure tunnel闸墩pier闸门gate闸门槽gate slot正槽式溢洪道normal channel spillway整体式重力坝monolithic gravity dam趾板toe slab支墩坝buttress dam重力坝gravity dam重力墩gravity abutment 周边缝peripheral joint 驻波standing wave锥形阀cone valve自由跌流free drop自重dead weight纵缝longitudinal joint键槽key strench伸缩缝contraction joint 施工缝construction joint 反弧段flip bucket拦污栅trash rack渐变段transition泄槽chute发电进水口power intake 通气管air vent检修门bulkhead gate事故门emergency gate 工作门service gate堰weir通气管air vent胸墙breast wall梁beam柱column回填混凝土backfill concrete 接地earth一期混凝土primary concrete 二期混凝土secondary concrete 叠梁门stoplog门机gantry crane止水waterstop钢筋reinforcement模板formwork围堰cofferdam马道bench;berm蜗壳volute水轮机turbine电站power house车间workshop发电机generator变电站transformer station副厂房auxiliary power house安装间erection bay尾水闸门tail lock尾水渠tailrace引水渠approach channel前池fore bay导墙lead wall隔墙partition wall接触灌浆contact grouting回填混凝土backfill concrete帷幕灌浆curtain grouting挡墙retaining wall港口harbour港口建筑物port structure船闸navigation lock船闸充水lock filling船闸充水与泄水系统locking filling and emptying system 船闸前池upper pool船闸上下游水位差lock lift船闸闸首lock head升船机ship elevator;ship lift鱼道fish canal水利水电工程英文专业词汇旁通管by-pass齿槽cut-off wall。
水利水电工程英文专业词汇
水工建筑物专业词汇岸墙land wall坝顶dam crest，dam top坝踵dam heel坝趾dam toe板桩sheet pile边墩side pier，land pier变形模量deformation modulus鼻坎bucket lip毕肖普法Bishop method冰压力ice pressure剥离desquamation侧槽式溢洪道side channel Spillway沉降settlement齿墙cut-off trench冲沙闸（排沙闸）silt-releasing Sluice纯拱法independent arch method刺墙key-wall大头坝massive-head buttress dam *buttress 是扶壁的意思单宽流量discharge per unit width单曲拱坝single-curvature arch dam挡潮闸tidal sluice导流隧洞river diversion tunnel倒悬度Overhang degree底流消能energy dissipation by underflow地震作用earthquake action垫座cushion abutment动水压力hydrodynamic pressure断层fault堆石坝rock-fill dam多拱梁法multi-arch beam method阀门valve gate防浪墙wave wall防渗铺盖impervious blanket非常溢洪道emergency spillway分洪闸flood diversion sluice副坝auxiliary dam刚体极限平衡法limit equilibrium method for rigid block 拱坝arch dam拱冠梁crown cantilever拱冠粱法crown cantilever method工作桥service bridge固结灌浆consolidation grouting灌溉隧洞irrigation tunnel灌浆帷幕grout curtain管涌piping海漫apron extension横缝transverse joint虹吸式溢洪道siphon spillway蝴蝶阀butterfly valve护坡slope protection护坦apron弧形闸门radial gate滑雪道式溢洪道ski-jump spillway化学管涌chemical piping混凝土防渗墙concrete cut-off wall混凝土面板堆石坝concrete faced rock-fill dam 基本断面primary section简化毕肖普法simplified Bishop method浆砌石拱坝stone masonry arch dam浆砌石重力坝stone masonry gravity dam交通桥traffic bridge接触冲刷contact scouring接触灌浆contact grouting接缝灌浆joint grouting截水槽cut-off trench节制闸check sluice进水口water inlet进水闸inlet sluice井式溢洪道shaft spillway静水压力hydrostatic pressure均质坝homogeneous earth dam抗滑稳定分析analysis of stability against sliding 抗滑稳定性stability against sliding空腹重力坝hollow gravity dam空化cavitation空蚀cavitation erosion空注阀hollow jet valve宽缝重力坝slotted gravity dam宽尾墩flaring pier廊道gallery浪压力wave force理论计算theoretical computation拦河闸river sluice沥青混凝土asphalt concrete连拱坝multiple-arch dam流土soil flow流网法flow net method锚杆anchor rod面板face slab面流消能energy dissipation by surface flow模型试验model experiment泥沙压力silt pressure碾压混凝土坝Roller Compacted Concrete Dam 牛腿Corbel排沙隧洞silt-releasing tunnel排水drainage排水闸outlet sluice喷混凝土sprayed concrete平板坝flat slab buttress dam平面闸门plane gate破碎带crushed zone铺盖blanket砌石护坡stone pitching人工材料面板坝artificial material faced dam 人工材料心墙坝artificial material-core dam溶洞solution cavern软基重力坝gravity dam on soft foundation软弱夹层soft intercalated layer实用断面practical section试载法trial-load method双曲拱坝double-curvature arch dam水工建筑物hydraulic structure水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel，waterway tunnel 水力发电隧洞hydropower tunnel水利枢纽hydro-complex水力学方法hydraulics method水平施工缝horizontal joint水闸sluice弹性模量elastic modulus挑流消能energy dissipation by trajectory jet土工膜geomembrane土石坝earth-rock dam土质斜墙坝earth dam with inclined soil wall 土质斜心墙坝earth dam with inclined soil core 土质心墙坝earth dam with soil core帷幕灌浆curtain grouting温度荷载temperature load温度控制temperature control温度应力temperature stress温度作用temperature action无压隧洞free level tunnel消力池stilling pool消力戽roller bucket消能工energy dissipater泄洪隧洞spillway tunnel泄水建筑物discharge structure泄水孔outlet hole新奥法NATM（New Austrian Tunneling Method）胸墙breast wall扬压力uplift溢洪道spillway水垫塘plunge pool溢流坝overflow dam、翼墙wing wall应力分析stress analysis优化设计optimization design有限单元法finite element method有压隧洞pressure tunnel闸墩pier闸门gate闸门槽gate slot正槽式溢洪道normal channel spillway整体式重力坝monolithic gravity dam趾板toe slab支墩坝buttress dam重力坝gravity dam重力墩gravity abutment 周边缝peripheral joint 驻波standing wave锥形阀cone valve自由跌流free drop自重dead weight纵缝longitudinal joint键槽key strench伸缩缝contraction joint 施工缝construction joint 反弧段flip bucket拦污栅trash rack渐变段transition泄槽chute发电进水口power intake 通气管air vent检修门bulkhead gate事故门emergency gate 工作门service gate堰weir通气管air vent胸墙breast wall梁beam柱column回填混凝土backfill concrete 接地earth一期混凝土primary concrete 二期混凝土secondary concrete 叠梁门stoplog门机gantry crane止水waterstop钢筋reinforcement模板formwork围堰cofferdam马道bench；berm蜗壳volute水轮机turbine电站power house车间workshop发电机generator变电站transformer station副厂房auxiliary power house安装间erection bay尾水闸门tail lock尾水渠tailrace引水渠approach channel前池fore bay导墙lead wall隔墙partition wall接触灌浆contact grouting回填混凝土backfill concrete帷幕灌浆curtain grouting挡墙retaining wall港口harbour港口建筑物port structure船闸navigation lock船闸充水lock filling船闸充水和泄水系统locking filling and emptying system 船闸前池upper pool船闸上下游水位差lock lift船闸闸首lock head升船机ship elevator；ship lift鱼道fish canal精品文档旁通管by-pass齿槽cut-off wall.。
露天采矿常用英语词汇中英对照
车流密度 density of trucks 穿爆参数 parameter of drilling andblasting初步设计 preliminary design 大块率 rate of agglomcrate 大型轮斗挖掘机 large size bucket wheel excavator断层fault单斗 挖 掘机 single-buckerdetonate cap 倒堆工艺 overcasting system 劳 保 用品 man-safety output;production 地面生产系统 surface production system露天采矿 安息角 angle of rest systerm 爆堆 blasted stockpile词 汇 中 英 对 照半连续工艺 semi-continuous mining爆破 blasting泵房 pump room边 帮安 全系 数 slopesafety elevation变电 所substation标高表 土 surface soil剥 采 比 stripping ratio剥 离量overburden采矿方法 miningmethod 测绘 survey 层理 bedding 成本cost车铲比 ratio oftrucks控制爆破 controlledblastingexcavator;dipper 导 爆 管等高线 isohypsometric line故 障 fault;trouble 产 量 电缆 cable 顶板plant夹 矸 interburden;banddetonator间 断 工 艺 discontinuous minig systemconveyer进度 计 划 schedule 开 采 境 界 mining limits 可 采 储 量recoverable孔网参数 parameters of drill hole network矿区 mining area 连续 工 艺 continuous mining system露 天 开 采 surfacemining露天矿开采储量 workable surface mine reserves 露头 outcrop履带车 crawler 轮斗挖掘机 bucket wheel excavator 明沟排水open ditch 露天矿设计 surface mine design 排土场 pumping area疏干 dewatering;drainage 洒水 water spray内排土场 internal dump 排土台阶高度 dumping bench height 排水沟 barrel-drain;gutter 平均剥采比 average stripping端 帮 end wall放 炮 shot ； blast 服务 年限 lifetime;service time工作帮坡角 angle of working slope 构造 structure;formation褐煤 brown coal滑坡 slope sliding机修厂 repairing道路 质量 quality of road 雷 管胶带 运输机 belt平盘 宽度 width of bench平 装 车 level loading起爆detonating破碎 机 crusher贫化率 dilution rate生产能力production rate欠车 short of car 前装机 front end loader 倾角 dip angle倾斜矿床 dipping ore bed 清理底板 floor cleaning 上 装 车 higher [level]loading 设 备 效 率 equipmentefficiencycrushing推进 advance 推土机 dozer 台阶平盘 bench face 瓦斯 gasmaintain外排土场 externaldump位移 displacement 卸载 dumping 位置 place;position下挖深度 depth of lower digging延伸方向 deepening direction岩石力学 mechanics运输 transport 运输平盘 haulage berm 钻孔 drillhole挖 掘 机 trencher外部 沟 external ramp 维修保 养台阶坡面角 slope angle of bench通勤车辆 commuterbus设计任务书 design specification受料臂 receiving arm 破碎水平 推进 速度 advancing rateof working face台阶bench;level松动爆破 looseningblasting 松散系数 factor of液压系统hydra-system 涌水量water-inflow 炸药explosive 栈桥gantry职业病industrial最小抵抗线minimum burden自卸载重卡车self-dumping truck 装载设备loading equipment纵采digging along strike 最终边帮final pit slope作业方式operation pattern 坐标coordinate 重载heavy load最小平盘宽度minimum width of working bench 走向strike。
公路专业中英文名词对照
附录中英文名词对照公路highway道路road公路工程highway engineering公路网highway network公路网密度highway density公路等级highway classification公路自然区划climatic zoning for highway公路用地highway right-of-way高速公路freeway等级公路classified highway辅道relief road干线公路arterial highway支线公路feeder highway专用公路accommodation highway国家干线公路(国道)national trunk highway省级干线公路(国道)provincial trunk highway县公路(县道)county road乡公路(乡道)township road辐射式公路radial highway环形公路ring highway绕行公路bypass交通结构traffic structure交通组成traffic composition混合交通mixed traffic交通流traffic flow交通流理论traffic flow theory车流vehicle stream交通密度traffic density车头间距space headway车头时距time headway车间净距vehicular gap延误delay地点速度spot speed行驶速度running speed运行速度operating speed临界速度critical speed平均速度average speed计算行车速度(设计车速)design speed交通量traffic volume年平均日交通量annual average daily traffic月平均日交通量monthly average daily traffic年第30位最大小时交通量thirtieth highest annualhourly volume年最大小时交通量maximum annual hourly设计小时交通量design hourly volume通行能力traffic capacity基本通行能力basic traffic capacity可能通行能力possible traffic capacity设计通行能力design traffic capacity道路服务水平level of service公路交通规划traffic planning交通调查traffic survey交通量调查traffic volume survey交通量观测站traffic volume observation station起迄点调查(OD调查)origin-destination study 出行trip境内交通local traffic过境交通through traffic交通发生traffic generation交通分布traffic distribution交通分配traffic assignment交通预测traffic prognosis行车道carriageway分离式行车道divided carriageway车道lane变速车道speed-change lane加速车道acceleration lane减速车道deceleration lane爬坡车道climbing lane停车道parking lane错车道turn-out lane自行车道cycle path路侧人行道sidewalk分隔带lane separator中央分隔带median divider中间带central strip路肩shoulder;verge路缘带marginal strip路缘石kerb;curb侧向余宽lateral clearance路拱camber;crown路拱横坡crown slope公路建筑限界clearance of highway公路路线highway route公路线形highway alignment平面线形horizontal alignment纵面线形vertical alignment线形要素alignment elements平曲线horizontal curve极限最小平曲线半径limited minimum radius of horizontal curve复曲线compound curve反向曲线reverse curve断背曲线broken-back curve回头曲线switch-back curve缓和曲线transition curve竖曲线vertical curve弯道加宽curve widening加宽缓和段transition zone of curve超高superelevation超高缓和段superelevation runoff纵坡longitudinal gradient最大纵坡maximum longitudinal gradient最小纵坡minimum longitudinal gradient变坡点grade change point平均纵坡average gradiant坡长限制grade length limitation高原纵坡拆减highland grade compensation缓和坡段transition grading zone合成坡度resultant gradient视距sight distance停车视距non-passing sight distance, stopping sight distance超车视距passing sight distance道路交叉road intersection;道口railroad grade crossing平面交叉at-grade intersection;grade crossing正交叉right-angle intersection斜交叉skew intersection环形交叉rotary intersection十字形交叉"+"T形交叉T intersection错位交叉offset intersection;staggered junctionY形交叉Y intersection立体交叉grade separation分离式立体交叉simple grade separation, sepa rate grade crossing互通式立体交叉interchange苜蓿叶形立体交叉full cloverleaf interchange 部分苜蓿叶形立体交叉cloverleaf interchange 菱形立体交叉diamond interchange定向式立体交叉directional interchange喇叭形立体交叉three-Leg interchange环形立体交叉rotary interchange匝道ramp交叉口road crossing;intersection交叉口进口intersection entrance交叉口出口intersection exit加铺转角式交叉口intersection with widened corners拓宽路口式交叉口flared intersection分道转弯式交叉口channelized intersection渠化交通channelization交织weaving交织路段weaving section合流converging分流diverging冲突点conflict point交通岛traffic island导流岛channelization island中心岛central island安全岛refuge island沿线设施roadside facilities交通安全设施traffic safety device人行横道crosswalk人行地道pedestrian underpass人行天桥pedestrian overcrossing护栏guard fence防护栅guard fence,safety barrier遮光栅anti-dizzling screen应急电话emergency telephone反光标志reflective sign反光路钮reflective button弯道反光镜traffic mirror道路交通标志road traffic sign警告标志warning sign禁令标志regulatory sign指示标志guide sign指路标志information sign辅助标志auxiliary sign可变信息标志changeable message sign路面标线pavement marking防雪设施snow protection facilities防沙设施sands protection facilities隔音墙acoustic barrier停车场parking area踏勘reconnaissance可行性研究feasibility study线形设计highway alignment design公路景观设计highway landscape design选线route selection路线控制点control point定线location比较线alternative line展线line development初测preliminary survey定测location survey地貌topographic feature地物culture地形topography台地terrace垭口pass;saddle back平原区plain terrain微丘区rolling terrain重丘区hilly terrain山岭区mountainous terrain沿溪线valley line山脊线ridge line山坡线hill-side line越岭线ridge crossing line土方调配cut-fill transition土方调配图cut-fill transition program土方调配经济运距economical hauling distance 导线traverse导线测量traverse survey中线center line中线测量center line survey施工测量construction survey竣工测量final survey(路线)平面图plan交点intersection point虚交点imaginary intersection point转点turning point转角intersection angle方位角azimuth angle象限角bearing方向角direction angle切线长tangent length曲线长curve length外(矢)距external secant测站instrument station测点observation point中桩center stake加桩additional stake护桩reference stake断链broken chainage水准测量leveling survey水准点bench mark绝对基面absolute datum高程elevation地面高程ground elevation设计高程designed elevation(路线)纵断面图profile中桩填挖高度cut and fill at center stake地形测量topographic survey基线base line地形图topographic map等高线contour line横断面测量cross-sectional survey横断面图cross-section坑探pit test钻探boring摄影测量photogrammetry航空摄影测量aerial photogrammetry地面立体摄影测量ground stereophoto grammetry 地面控制点测量ground control-point survey航摄基线aerophoto base影像地图photographic map像片索引图(镶辑复照图)photo index航摄像片判读aerophoto interpretation综合法测图planimatric photo全能法测图universal photo微分法测图differential photo像片镶嵌图photo mosaic路基subgrade路堤embankment路堑cutting半填半挖式路基part cut-partfill subgrade台口式路基benched subgrade路基宽度width of subgrade路基设计高程design elevation of subgrade (路基)最小填土高度minimum height of fill 边坡side slope边坡坡度grade of side slope(边)坡顶top of slope(边)坡脚toe of slope护坡道berm边坡平台plain stage of slope碎落台berm at the foot of cuttingslope护坡slope protection挡土墙retaining wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall衡重式挡土墙balance weight retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙cantilever retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall柱板式挡土墙column-plate retaining wall 锚杆式挡土墙anchored retaining wall bytie rods锚碇板式挡土墙anchored bulkhead retaining wall石笼rock filled gabion抛石riprap路基排水subgrade drainage边沟side ditch截水沟intercepting ditch排水沟drainage ditch急流槽chute跌水drop water蒸发池evaporation pond盲沟blind drain渗水井seepage well透水路堤permeable embankment过水路面ford填方fill挖方cut借土borrow earth弃土waste取土坑borrow pit弃土堆waste bank回填土back-filling黄土loess软土soft soil淤泥mud泥沼moor泥炭peat盐渍土salty soil膨胀土expansive soil冻土frozen soil多年冻土permafrost流砂quicksand软弱地基soft ground强夯法dynamic consolidation预压法preloading method反压护道loading berm砂井sand drain路基砂垫层sand mat of subgrade压实compaction压实度degree of compaction(标准)最大干容重maximum dry unit weight相对密实度relative density毛细水capillary water土石方爆破blasting procedure抛掷爆破blasting for throwing rock爆破漏斗blasting crater松动爆破blasting for loosening rock爆破作用圈acting circles of blasting路面pavement弹性层状体系理论elastic multilayer theory (回弹)弯沉deflection加州承载比(CBR)California bearing ratio,(CBR) 路面宽度width of pavement路槽road trough刚性路面rigid pavement柔性路面flexible pavement路面结构层pavement structure layer面层surface course磨耗层wearing course联结层binder course基层base course垫层bed course隔水层aquitard隔温层thermal insulating course封层seal coat透层prime coat保护层protection course补强层strengthening layer高级路面high type pavement次高级路面sub-high type pavement中级路面intermediate type pavement低级路面low type pavement水泥混凝土路面cement concrete pavement沥青路面bituminous pavement沥青混凝土路面bituminous concrete pavement沥青碎石路面bituminous macadam pavement沥青贯入碎(砾)石路面bituminous penetration pavement 沥青表面处治bituminous surface treatment块料路面block pavement石块路面stone block pavement泥结碎石路面clay-bound macadam pavement水结碎石路面water-bound macadam pavement级配路面graded aggregate pavement稳定土基层stabilized soil base course工业废渣基层industrial waste base course块石基层Telford base层铺法spreading in layers拌和法mixing method厂拌法plant mixing method路拌法road mixing method热拌法hot mixing method冷拌法cold mixing method热铺法hot laid method冷铺法cold laid method贯入法penetration method铺砌法pitching method缩缝contraction joint胀缝expansion joint真缝true joint假缝dummy joint横缝transverse joint纵缝longitudinal joint施工缝construction joint传力杆dowel bar拉杆tie bar路面平整度surface evenness路面粗糙度surface roughness路面摩擦系数friction coefficient of pavement附着力adhesive force水滑现象hydroplaning phenomenon桥梁bridge公路桥highway bridge公铁两用桥highway and rail transit bridge人行桥pedestrian bridge跨线桥overpass bridge高架桥viaduct永久性桥permanent bridge半永久性桥semi-permanent bridge临时性桥temporary bridge钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥prestressed concrete bridge钢桥steel bridge圬工桥masonry bridge木桥timber bridge正交桥right bridge斜交桥skew bridge弯桥curved bridge坡桥bridge on slope斜桥skew bridge正桥right bridge上承式桥deck bridge中承式桥half-through bridge下承式桥through bridge梁桥beam bridge简支梁桥simple supported beam bridge连续梁桥continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge联合梁桥composite beam bridge板桥slab bridge拱桥arch bridge双曲拱桥two-way curved arch bridge空腹拱桥open spandrel arch bridge实腹拱桥filled spandrel arch bridge系杆拱桥bowstring arch bridge桁架桥truss bridge刚构桥rigid frame bridgeT形刚构桥T-shaped rigid frame bridge连续刚构桥continuous rigid frame bridge斜腿刚构桥rigid frame bridge with inclined legs 斜拉桥(斜张桥)cable stayed bridge悬索桥suspension bridge漫水桥submersible bridge浮桥pontoon bridge开启桥movable bridge装配式桥fabricated bridge装拆式钢桥fabricated steel bridge涵洞culvert管涵pipe culvert拱涵arch culvert箱涵box culvert盖板涵slab culvert无压力式涵洞non-pressure culvert压力式涵洞pressure culvert半压力式涵洞partial pressure culvert倒虹吸涵siphon culvert上部结构superstructure主梁main beam横梁floor beam纵梁longitudinal beam, stringer挂梁suspended beam拱圈archring拱上结构spandrel structure腹拱spandrel arch拱上侧墙spandrel wall桥面系floor system, bridge decking桥面铺装bridge deck pavement伸缩缝expansion and contraction joint桥面伸缩装置bridge floor expansion and contraction installation安全带safety belt桥头搭板transition slab at bridge head 下部结构substructure桥墩pier墩身pier body墩帽coping盖梁bent cap破冰体ice apron重力式桥墩gravity pier实体桥墩solid pier空心桥墩hollow pier柱式桥墩column pier排架桩墩pile bent pier柔性墩flexible pier制动墩braking pier单向推力墩single direction thrusted pier 桥台abutment台身abutment body前墙front wall翼墙wing walls台帽coping锥坡conical slope耳墙wing wallsU形桥台U-shaped abutment八字形桥台flare wing wall abutment一字形桥台head wall abutment, straight abutment 重力式桥台gravity abutment埋置式桥台buried abutment扶壁式桥台counterforted abutment锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkhead abutment支撑式桥台supported type abutment地基subsoil加固地基consolidated subsoil天然地基natural subsoil基础foundation扩大基础spread foundation沉井基础open caisson foundation管柱基础cylindrical shaft foundation桩基础pile foundation桩pile预制桩precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile摩擦桩friction pile支承桩bearing pile承台bearing platform支座bearing固定支座fixed bearing活动支座expansion bearing索塔cable bent tower索鞍cable saddle调治构造物regulating structure丁坝spur dike顺坝longitudinal dam桥位bridge site桥梁全长total length of bridge主桥main bridge引桥approach span跨径span桥涵计算跨径computed span桥涵净跨径clear span矢跨比rise span ratio计算矢高calculated rise of arch桥下净空clearance of span桥面净空clearance above bridge floor桥梁建筑高度construction height of bridge荷载load永久荷载permanent load可变荷载variable load偶然荷载accidental load荷载组合loading combinations车辆荷载标准loading standard for design vehicle 设计荷载design load施工荷载construction load梁beam简支梁simple-supported beam连续梁continuous beam悬臂梁cantilever beam板slab拱arch桁架truss刚构rigid frame柱column强度strength刚度stiffness rigidity抗裂度crack resistance稳定性stability位移displacement变形deformation挠度deflection预拱度camber流域catchment basin集水面积runoff area径流runoff水文测验hydrological survey河床river bed河槽river channel主槽main channel边滩side shoal河滩flood land河床宽度bed width河槽宽度channel width过水断面discharge section水位water level最高(或最低)水位maximum (minimum)water level通航水位navigable water level设计水位design water lever水面比降water surface slope河床比降gradient of river bed湿周wetted perimeter糙率coefficient of roughness水力半径hydraulic radius水文计算hydrological computation设计流量designed discharge设计流速designed flow velocity行近流速approach velocity洪水调查flood survey洪水频率flood frequency设计洪水频率designed flood frequency潮汐河流tidal river悬移质suspended load推移质bed material load水力计算hydraulic computation水头water head冲刷scour桥下一般冲刷general scour under bridge桥墩(或台)局部冲刷local scour near pier自然演变冲刷natural scour冲刷系数coefficient of scouring淤积silting壅水back water流冰ice drift先张法pretensioning method后张法post-tensioning method缆索吊装法erection with cableway悬臂拼装法erection by protrusion悬臂浇筑法cast-in-place cantilever method移动支架逐跨施工法span by span method纵向拖拉法erection by longitudinal pulling method 顶推法incremental launching method转体架桥法construction by swing浮运架桥法erecting by floating顶入法jack-in method围堰cofferdam护筒pile casing隧道tunnel洞门tunnel portal衬砌tunnel lining明洞open cut tunnel围岩surrounding rock隧道建筑限界structural approach limit of tunnels 明挖法open cut method矿山法mine tunnelling method盾构法shield tunnelling method沉埋法(沉管法)immersed tunnel导坑heading隧道支撑tunnel support构件支撑element support喷锚支护lock bolt support with shotcrete 隧道通风tunnel ventilation隧道照明tunnel lighting养护maintenance定期养护periodical maintenance巡回养护patrol maintenance大中修周期maintenance period小修保养routine maintenance中修intermediate maintenance大修heavy maintenance改善工程road improvement抢修emergency repair of road加固strengthening of structure回砂sand sweeping罩面overlay of pavement路面翻修pavement recapping路面补强pavement strengthening车辙rutting路面搓板surface corrugation路面网裂net-shaped cracking路面龟裂alligator cracking路面碎裂pavement spalling反射裂缝reflection crack路面坑槽pot holes路面冻胀surface frost heave路面沉陷pavement depression路面滑溜surface slipperiness露骨surface angularity啃边edge failure泛油bleeding拥包upheaval拱胀blow up错台faulting of slab ends错法slab staggering滑坡slide坍方land slide崩塌collapse碎落debris avalanche沉降settlement沉陷subsidence泥石流mud avalanche(振动)液化liquefaction翻浆frost boiling岩溶karst沙害sand hazard雪害snow hazard水毁washout好路率rate of good roads养护质量综合值general rating of maintenance quality 路容road appearance路况road condition路况调查road condition survey路政管理road administration民工建勤civilian labourers working on public project 养路费toll of road maintenance养路道班maintenance gang粒料granular material集料(骨料)aggregate矿料mineral aggregate矿粉mineral powder砂sand砾石gravel砂砾sand gravel卵石cobble stone碎石broken stone, crushed stone片石rubble块石block stone料石dressed stone石屑chip工业废渣industrial solid waste结合料binder有机结合料organic binding agent沥青bitumen地沥青asphalt天然沥青natural asphalt石油沥青petroleum asphalt煤沥青coal tar乳化沥青emulsified bitumen氧化沥青oxidized asphalt路用沥青road bitumen有机结合料inorganic binding agent粉煤灰fly ash混合料mixture沥青混合料bituminous mixture沥青混凝土混合料bituminous concrete mixture 沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadam mixture沥青砂asphalt sand沥青膏asphalt mastic水泥砂浆cement mortar石灰砂浆lime mortar水泥混凝土混合料cement concrete mixture水泥混凝土cement concrete钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete预应力(钢筋)混凝土prestressed concrete早强混凝土early strength concrete干硬性混凝土dry concrete贫混凝土lean concrete轻质混凝土light-weight concrete纤维混凝土fibrous concrete外掺剂admixture减水剂water reducing agent加气剂air entraining agent早强剂early strength agent缓凝剂retarder钢筋steel bar预应力钢材prestressing steel高强钢丝high tensile steel wire钢铰线stranded steel wire冷拉钢筋cold-stretched steel bar冷拔钢丝cold-drawn steel wire高强螺栓high strength bolt空隙率porosity孔隙比void ratio粒径grain size颗粒组成grain composition细度fineness筛分sieve analysis级配gradation级配曲线grading curve最佳级配optimum gradation含水量water content最佳含水量optimum water content稠度界限consistency limit液限liquid limit塑限plastic limit缩限shrinkage limit塑性指数plasticity index水泥标号cement mark水泥混凝土标号cement concrete mark水泥混凝土配合比proportioning of cement concrete 水灰比water cement ratio和易性workability坍落度slump硬化hardening水硬性hydraulicity气硬性air hardening离析segregation徐变creep老化ageing(沥青)稠度consistency(of bitumen)针入度penetration粘(滞)度viscosity软化点softening point延度ductility闪点flash point溶解度dissolubility热稳性hot stability水稳性water stability油石化asphalt-aggregate ratio含油率bitumen content压碎率rate of crushing磨耗度abrasiveness弹性模量modulus of elasticity回弹模量modulus of resilience劲度(模量)stiffness modulus模量比modulus ratio泊松比Poisson's ratio疲劳试验fatigue test劈裂试验splitting test三轴试验triaxial test击实试验compaction test触探试验cone penetration test弯沉试验deflection test环道试验circular track test承载板试验loading plate test透水性试验perviousness test车辙试验wheel tracking test马歇尔试验Marshall stability test压实度试验compactness test铺砂法sand patch method硬练胶砂强度试验earth-dry mortar strengthtest软练胶砂强度试验plastic mortar strengthtest(水泥)安定性试验soundness test(of cement)击实仪compaction test equipment长杆贯入仪penetration test equipment承载板loading plate杠杆弯沉仪beam lever deflectometer路面曲率半径测定仪surface-curvature apparatus路面平整度测定仪viameter路面透水度测定仪surface permeameter五轮仪fifth-wheel tester制动仪skiddometer速度检测器speed detector万能试验机universal testing machine三轴(剪切)仪triaxial shear equipment加州承载比(CBR)测定仪California bearing ratiotester标准筛standard sieves(沥青)针入度仪penetrometer(沥青)粘度仪viscosimeter(沥青)延度仪ductilometer(沥青)软化点仪(环-球法)softening point tester(ring-ball method)闪点仪(开口杯式)flash point tester (open cup method)马歇尔稳定度仪Marshall stability apparatus(沥青混合料)抽提仪bitumen extractor砂浆稠度仪mortar penetration tester坍落度圆锥筒slump cone标准工业粘度计standard concrete consistometer饱和面干吸水率试模saturated-surface-dried moisture retention tester 撞击韧度试验机impact toughness machine圆盘耐磨硬度试验机wear hardness machine狄法尔磨耗试验机Deval abrasion testing machine洛杉矶磨耗试验机Los Angeles abrasion testing machine压碎率试模crushing strength tester单斗挖掘机single-bucket excavator推土机bulldozer除根机rootdozer铲运机scraper平地机grader挖沟机trencher耕耘机cultivator松土机ripper松土搅拌机pulvi-mixer稳定土拌和机stabilizer凿岩机rock breaker碎石机stone crusher碎石撒布机stone spreader装载机loader羊足压路机sheep-foot roller手扶式单轮压路机walk behind single drum蛙式打夯机frog rammer内燃夯实机internal combustion compactor铁夯(铁撞柱)tamping iron压路机roller振动压路机vibratory roller沥青加热器asphalt heater沥青泵asphalt pump沥青洒布机asphalt sprayer沥青洒布车asphalt distributor沥青混合料拌和设备asphalt mixing plant沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt paver散装水泥运输车cement deliver truck水泥混凝土混合料拌和设备concrete mixing plant(水泥混凝土混合料)搅拌concrete deliver truck运输车水泥混凝土混合料摊铺机concrete paver振捣器concrete vibrator水泥混凝土混合料整面机concrete finisher真空泵vacuum pump水泥混凝土路面切缝机concrete joint cutter水泥混凝土路面锯缝机concrete saw水泥混凝土路面清缝机concrete joint cleaner水泥混凝土路面填缝机concrete joint sealer水泵pump泥浆泵mud pump张拉钢筋油泵prestressed steel bar drawing oil pump 砂浆泵mortar pump水泥混凝土混合料泵concrete pump钢筋切断机bar shear钢筋冷轧机cold-rolling mill钢筋冷拉机steel stretcher钢筋冷拔机steel bar cold-extruding machine钢筋冷镦机steel bar heading press machine钢筋拉伸机steel extension machine钢筋弯曲机steel bar bender钢筋调直机steel straighten machine对焊机butt welder钻孔机boring machine打桩机pile driver拔桩机pile extractor千斤顶jack张拉预应力钢筋千斤顶prestressed steel bar drawing jack 手拉葫芦chain block起重葫芦hoisting block卷扬机hoister缆索吊装设备cableway erecting equipment起重机crane架桥机bridge erection equipment砂筒sand cylinder盾构shield全气压盾构compressed air shield半盾构roof shield隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine全断面隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine for full section 喷枪shotcrete equipment装碴机mucker盾构千斤顶main jack拉合千斤顶pull-in jacks复拌沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt remixer路面铣削机pavemill回砂车sand sweeping equipment除雪机snow plough装雪机snow Loader洗净剂喷布车detergent spray truck清扫车sweeper洒水车water truck划标线机Line maker振动筛vibrating screen撒布机spreader输送机conveyer提升机elevator翻斗车dump-body car自卸汽车dumping wagon牵引车tow truck拖车头tractor truck挂车trailer平板车flat truck工程车shop truck万能杆件fabricated universal steel members交通规则traffic rules交通事故traffic accident交通事故率traffic accident rate人口事故率population accident rate车辆事故率vehicle accident rate运行事故率operating accident rate交通控制traffic control中央控制台central control unit 点控制spot control线控制line control面控制area control交通信号traffic signal交通信号灯traffic signal lamp信号周期signal cycle绿信比split ratio信号相位signal phase相位差phase difference绿波green wave交通监视系统traffic surveillance 交通公害vehicular pollution 目录第一章总则1第二章道路2第一节一般规定2第二节公路3第三节城市道路4第四节厂矿道路5第五节林区道路6第六节其他道路7第三章道路交通8第一节道路交通结构8第二节道路交通规划11第四章道路组成与附属设施14第一节横断面组成14第二节线形与视距17第三节道路交叉21第四节附属设施25第五章道路勘测与设计29第一节勘测选线与设计29第二节测量32第六章路基工程37第一节路基37第二节路基土39第三节道路排水41第四节路基施工43第七章路面工程46第一节路面种类46第二节路面设计48第三节路面施工50第八章桥涵工程53第一节桥涵类型53第二节桥涵构造56第三节桥涵设计60第四节桥涵施工62第九章隧道工程64第十章道路养护66第十一章工程材料70第一节材料70第二节材料性质74第十二章试验及仪具79第一节试验79第二节检测仪具80第三节材料试验仪具81第十三章施工机具83第二节压实用施工机具84第三节路面施工机具84第四节桥梁施工机具85第五节隧道施工机具87第六节道路养护机具87附录英汉术语对照索引附加说明119第一章总则第1.0.1条为统一公路、城市道路、厂矿道路、林区道路工程的术语及其释义，实现专业术语的标准化，以利于国内外技术交流，促进我国道路工程建设事业的发展，特制订本标准。