13 定语从句-2020年初升高英语完美衔接专题讲与练
个人整理的初高中英语知识衔接讲解和练习题带答案
个人整理的初高中英语知识衔接讲解和练习题带答案初高中英语知识衔接方略编写：张春晓王媛媛学法指导初中英语和高中英语的学习属于两个不同的学段，两者之间存有知识的断层，但并非不可逾越，其中还是有衔接的规律可循。
现行初高中英语教材的教学要求有明显的梯度,初中侧重于基础知识,强调听说领先;高中则侧重于培养学生的阅读理解能力和语言运用及读写能力。
初中课文中句型较简单,基础知识占一定比例，学生容易接受；而高中课文句型较为复杂，词汇量明显增多，出现一些难句、长句，并且语法繁杂。
教学要求的梯度和侧重点的转移使高中一年级学生一时难以适应，而高一的起步关系到整个高中阶段的成败。
因此，在高中入学前后的这段时间内，通过复习高中学习阶段必备的初中知识，并预学部分高中知识，提前熟悉和掌握高中的学习方法，学生就可以扎实地迈好从初中到高中的第一步。
有鉴于此，我们精心编写了这套初高中英语衔接教材，旨在从知识、学习方法、认知等方面帮助学生架设“阶梯”，使学生都能顺利越过知识的“台阶”，实现学习方法的转变，养成良好的预习、复习、使用工具书、整理错题、写日记等良好习惯，从而尽快适应高中阶段的学习。
好的习惯是我们通向成功的一把钥匙。
高一阶段，应特别注意养成以下几个新的学习习惯。
1．使用工具书的习惯。
工具书是“自学的好帮手”。
这里的工具书指的是：字典和语法工具书。
我建议同学们选择一本英汉双解词典作自己的良师益友，遇到词汇方面的疑问不要被动等待老师解答，而是要主动地学会自己查词典求得答案。
而且必须要把它养成习惯，这同时也是一种能力的培养。
另外也要手头自备一本好的英语语法工具书，如《薄冰语法》等，养成遇到比较难的语法时，不要急着问老师，要自己查工具书，要养成借助于工具书进行课外阅读的习惯，除了阅读，要有意识地运用所学的语法知识造句写作文，能够正确地理解语言和运用语言，达到学习语法的目的——学以致用。
2．预习的习惯。
预习是一种有效提高学习效率的好方法。
高中英语语法高考定语从句讲解与练习讲义
定语从句定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。
被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。
一、定语从句重点备考考点1：关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的运用以及that和which的区别使用。
考点2：定语从句与强调句和同位语从句的区别。
考点3：“介词＋关系代词”与关系词whose和which作定语的区别。
如：whose book ＝the book of whom等；关系副词when，where，why和“介词＋which”之间的关系。
考点4：关系副词、关系代词的区别运用。
近几年来，关系词where引导的不表示具体真实地点的定语从句是常考的热点，要着重复习。
二、一眼看穿定语从句（1）定语从句中缺一成分，缺的这个成分就是先行词。
（2）在所有的从句中，只有定语从句中缺成分。
如果从句中却成分，那一定是定语从句。
（3）定语从句和主句之间没有连词，但是有关系词，相当于连词，起连词的作用。
也就是说，在两个句子之间存在连词的话，就一定不是定语从句。
做题独家秘笈：不用专门去背什么时候只能用that不能用which，什么时候又只能用which 不能用that。
做题时确定是that和which二选一之时，只要空格前没有“逗号”和“介词”那就选填that。
练习一、过关斩将1. I shall never forget those years I lived in the country with the farmers,has a great effect on my life.A. that, whichB. when, whichC. which, thatD. when, who2. I can never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together.A. when, whichB. which, whenC. what, thatD. on which, when3. Is this the house Jim was born?A. at whereB. whichC. in whichD. at that4. Is this house Jim bought last year?A. thatB. whereC. the oneD. which that5. The house roof was damaged has now been repaired.A. thatB. of whichC. whoseD. who’s二、前世今生1. I will never forget the day I came to Princeton High School on.I will never forget the day I came to Princeton High School.2. Princeton High School is the school I am studying in.Princeton High School is the school I am studying.3. Could you tell me the reason you are late for?Could you tell me the reason you are late?三、藕断丝连1. This is the very knife which I used to cut apples.2. The speed which you drive your car mustn’t too high.3. He referred me to some reference books which I am not very familiar.4. She gave us a lovely lesson which all the students are very interested.5. What were the things which he was not too sure?四、似是而非1. I miss the time we spent together.I miss the time there is no homework.2. The room I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.The room he once lived is still there.3. The reason I don’t know is known to him.The reason I don’t know the thing is that I was not there then.五、小试牛刀1. (2017北京) The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A. thatB. asC. whereD. when2. (2017天津) My eldest son, _______ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.A. thatB. whoseC. hisD. who3. (2017江苏) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _____ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A. whichB. it’sC. whoseD. whom4. (2016全国Ⅰ) My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ________ I was the first Western TV reporter.5. (2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读A) Simon is a comedian and actor ________has 10 years’ experience of teaching comedy.6. (2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读D) Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of ________have never before been published.7. (2016·全国Ⅲ) Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，________lived from roughly 551 to 479 B. C, influenced the development of chopsticks.8. (2016·全国Ⅲ，完形) When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant beating out Miller King, ________was the best player at our school.六、融会贯通在设空处填入一个适当的关系代词或关系副词，使文章结构完整，语意通顺。
初升高英语衔接班 第13讲 定语从句
☆（十三）定语从句一、关系代词1．who,whom和whose引导的定语从句(1)who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时可用that替换。
作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。
I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the Engli sh speech contest last year.我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。
I have many friends to whom I’m going to send post cards.我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。
The person I want to talk about with you is Tu Youyou, the one who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015.我想与你讨论的人是屠呦呦，2015年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的人。
(2)whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。
指物时相当于of which; 指人时相当于of whom。
The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。
2．that,which引导的定语从句(1)which指物，在从句中可以作主语、宾语，也可作定语，作宾语时可以省略。
that指人或物均可，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。
She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before.她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。
初升高衔接英语定语从句讲义
定语从句（初高考点差异及衔接）定义：1.定语从句——在复合句中，作定语修饰名词或代词的从句(句意: …的）作用相当于形容词。
2.先行词——被定语从句修饰的那个名词3.关系词——引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。
在定语从句中，先行词可代替先行词在从句中充当成分。
考点1 3组易混关系代词的用法辨析1. 只用that不用which的情况(1)先行词是all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代词时。
All that you need to do is focus on one thing.(2)先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时。
Australia is the only country that is also a continent.(3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。
This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.(4)先行词既有人又有物时。
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?(5)当主句是以which或who开头的疑问句时。
Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the man that is reading over there?(6)当主句是以here, there开头时。
Here is the hotel that you have been looking for.(7)先行词在主句中作表语, 而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。
Shandong is no longer the province that it used to be.2. 只用which不用that的情况(1)关系代词前有介词时。
第13讲定语从句-初高中英语教材衔接(Word版含解析)
【知识衔接】————初高中课程解读————初中课程高中课程初中英语中，要求了解定语从句的相关概念。
握关系代词的基本用法，会根据从句的成分选择合适的关系副词。
初步了解非限制性定语从句。
高中英语中，要求了解代词和关系副词引导定语从句的区别。
掌握介词+关系词引导定语从句的用法。
掌握非限制性定语从句的引导词用法。
————初中知识回顾————…一. 定语从句的相关概念(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。
(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。
(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用：1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）常用的关系代词:that、which、who、whom、as , 在从句中作主语，宾语，whose定语) .常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、whereThe student who answered the question was John.I know the reason why he was so angry.The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；>第三选择合适的关系词。
二. 几个关系代词的基本用法1. that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。
(指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如：1. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now2. You can take anything ( that) you like.3. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about4. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.5. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.<2. which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。
初高中衔接---定语从句
初高中衔接------定语从句讲解及练习李靖一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.2)You must do everything that I do.3)Everyone wants to visit the place where Premier Zhou once worked.4)I will never forget the days when I arrived in New York.归纳总结：1.定语从句必须得有___________, 可以是_______ 或代词来充当。
2.定语从句必须得有__________ 或关系副词来引导。
巩固练习：请分析一下定语从句：( 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1.Check the ways you study for an English test.2. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar.3. You couldn’t understand people who talked fast.4. I have some ideas that may help.二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.指人的关系代词(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 作__________(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 作__________(3) Mr. Liu is the person (who/whom/)you talked about. 作__________(4) The man( who/whom)you met just now is my friend.作__________(5) We are talking about the man we saw last week.作宾语可以_________2.指物的关系代词(1) Football is a game which/that is liked by most boys. 作__________(2) This is the pen (which/that) he bought yesterday.作_____________(3).Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.作_______________(4) My friends and I talked about the rules we have in school. 作宾语可以_________ （5).He is from America, which can tell from his accent. which在句中引导_____定语从句,指代_______(6). Crusoe’s dog, which was now very old, became ill and died. Which在句中引导_____定语从句，在句中指代一个词。
2020外研版初中英语定语从句讲解及练习
2020外研版初中英语定语从句讲解及练习1.概念：定语可以由形容词、名词、动名词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，定语从句在句子中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。
:2.常见考点：①先行词与关系词先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
先行词一般出现在定语从句之前。
例：Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage?（the girl为先行词）关系词：引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。
关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，关系副词在从句中作状语。
例：Speaking of the USA, New York is the first thing comes to mind.注意：在定语从句中，关系词取代了先行词，因此在定语从句中不能再重复先行词。
下面的句子是错误的：例：This is the right book that you are looking for the book.（应去掉the book)②关系代词和关系副词：常见的关系代词③关系代词的用法↓↓↓who和whom的用法：二者都用于指人。
who在定语从句中作主语、宾语，whom在定语从句中作宾语。
例：In this earthquake, the number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250,000.↓↓↓whose的用法:whose一般指人，但有时也指物，whose指代物时，相当于of which。
在定语从句中作定语。
例：You're the only one whose advice he might listen to.↓↓↓which的用法:☻which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。
例：The train which has just left is for Shenzhen.☻在定语从句中作介词的宾语。
初升高(初高中衔接)学生暑期英语学习讲与练——复合句(名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句)【含答案】
初升高（初高中衔接）学生暑期英语学习讲与练专题复合句（名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句）复合句（Complex Sentences）：包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导。
根据从句在主句中所充当的成分，可将复合句中的从句分为名词性从句、状语从句和定语从句。
例如：The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。
Therefore，I firmly believe that our future is in our own hands.(宾语从句) 因此，我坚信未来掌控在我们自己的手中。
What interests me most is literary books，especially those by famous writers.(主语从句)我最感兴趣的是文学书，尤其是由著名作家写的。
He was ready to help others，which won him a good reputation.一、名词性从句在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
如：Whether he will come here or not is unimportant to me.（主语从句）I don’t know what he means.（宾语从句）I’m glad that you are here.（宾语从句用在形容词之后）The teacher is satisfied with what you have done.（介词宾语从句）That was because he was ill.（表语从句）The news that he got killed in the race surprised us all.（同位语从句）（1）、主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
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2.使用关系代词引导定语从句时应注意的几点 1)当先行词指人时，许多情况下既可以用 that 也可以用 who，但在下列情况下，宜用 who 而不用 that。 先行词是 one，ones，anyone 时，宜用 who。如：
当先行词为 anything，everything，nothing 时，关系代词用 that,不用 which；但用 something 时，用 which 或者 that 均可。如：
Everything we have seen in China is moving.我们在中国看见的东西件件感人。 I have nothing that is worth reading.我没有什么值得一读的东西。 当先行词是疑问代词 who 时。如： Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess? 你曾见过谁能在棋艺上打败他？ 3)that，which，whom 在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。如： This is the book (which)you were looking for yesterday. 这就是你昨天找的那本书。 I don’t like the novel (that)you are reading.我不喜欢你看的这本小说。 4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句的人称、数与先行词一致。如：
My brother studies in the school which is the most beautiful in our city that isn’t far from here.
我的弟弟在我们的城市最美丽的学校读书，并且离这儿不远。 当先行词被 the last ，the very 和 the only 修饰时。如： This is the very pen that I am looking for.这正是我找的钢笔。 The only book I want to read is missing.我惟一想看的书不见了。 在强调句子中，并且以 who，which，what 开头时。如： Who was it that was lost ?究竟是谁迷路了？（此句中，最好不用 who 来代替 that，避 免重复）What was it that you did last week?你上周究竟做什么了？ 当先行词前有序数词时。如： You are the first person that I want to ask for. 你是我要见的第一个人。 This is the second book that I have ever written.这是我写的第二本书。 当先行词被 all，every，no，some，few，little，much，both 等修饰时，如： This is all that I want to say at the meeting.这就是我在会上要说的。 Have you any books that are worth reading? 你有值得看的书吗？ 当先行词既指人又指物时。如： The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them. 我听说的那位教授和他的成就得到他们的赞美。 Let’s talk about the persons and the things that we can remember. 让我们谈论能够想起的人和事。
Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon. 请那些年龄在四十几岁的人于今天下午去进行体检。
（先行词 those 是复数，关系代词 who 也就看作是复数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了 复数形式 are 了）
2)当先行词指物时，许多情况下，既可以用关系代词 which，也可用关系代词 that，但 在下列情况中，只能用关系代词 that，而不用 which。
在 there+be 的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物。如： There are two novels that I want to read.我要读的有两本小说。 There is no work that can be done now. 没有什么工作现在能做的了。 当先行词为主句的表语或者关系代词为从句的表语时。如： This is the book that was bought yesterday.这就是昨天买的书。 Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.我们的学校不再是以前的学校了。 以 Here is (are)开头的句子时。如： Here is a film that will move anyone.这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。 Here are two books that I will buy.这是我要买的两本书。 It is (high)time+定语从句中。如： It is time that we should have a rest.我们应该休息了。 It is high time that they started out.他们该动身了。 当先行词是 way 等词时，关系代词用 that 或者 in which 在定语从句中作方式状语时， 在口语中，常可省略。如： This is the way that my father did this work.这就是我父亲做此工作的方式。 She admired the way in which I answered the questions.她羡慕我回答问题的方式。 在双重限定性定语从句中，如果一个从句用 who 或者 which 引导时，那么另一个从句 用 that 引导。如： He is the student that I have ever see who can jump highest. 他是我曾经看到过跳的最高的学生。
This is the magazine which was sent to me by post.这是通过邮局寄给我的杂志。 （先行词 the magazine 是单数，关系代词 which 也就看作是单数，所以从句的谓语动 词就用了单数形式 was sent） 5)定语从句的时态不要求与主句时态一致。如： The story which I read last night is very interesting. 我昨天晚上看指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有 time，day，morning，night， week，year 等。如： I still remember the time when I first became a college student. 我仍然记得我成为大学生的那个时刻。 Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 你知道林肯出生的日期吗？ 注：when 时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如： Each time he came，he did his best to help us.每次他来，都尽他所能帮我们。 2)where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有 place，spot，street，house， room，city，town，country 等。如： This is the hotel where they are staying.这是他们住的旅馆。 I forget the house where the Smiths lived.我不记得史密斯先生住过的房子了。 注：where 有时也可以省略。如： This is the place (where)we met yesterday. 这是我们昨天见面的地方。 3)why 指原因或理由，它的先行词只有 reason。如： That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.那就是他为什么要离开的原因。 注：why 时常也可以省略。如： That is the real reason he did it.那就是他做此事的真正原因。 4.使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1)这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which 结构：
注：“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语。whose 的 先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与 of which 结 构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”。如：
They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.(= the back wall of which)他们来 到后墙已经倒塌的一个房子。
她就是常常来这儿的那个妇女。（关系代词 that 在从句中作主语，指人） The book that is on the desk was written by my grandfather. 桌子上的那本书是我祖父写的。（关系代词 that 在从句中作主语，指物。此句中的 that 可以用 which 替换） Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能为你做点什么呢？（关系代词 that 在从句中 作宾语，指物。此句中的 that 不能用 which 替换） The passenger and the suitcases that were still waiting had to be transferred to another plane. 仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飞机。(这句的关系代词 that 不能用 which 替换， 因为它在此句中既指人又指物) 4)由 which 引导的定语从句 关系代词 which 一般指物，在从句中可作主语，也可以作宾语。如： He came late，which made the teacher angry. 他来晚了，这使老师很生气。（which 引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语） That is the pencil which I lost yesterday. 那就是我昨天丢失的铅笔。（which 引导限定性定语从句，在从句中作宾语，which 可 以省略）5)由 whose 引导的定语从句 关系代词 whose 是 who 的所有格，在从句中作定语，既可指人，又可指物。如： This is the boy whose parents died last year. 这是那个父母去年去世的男孩。 （whose 作定语，指人）