历年英语考研答案

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考研英语二历年试题及答案

考研英语二历年试题及答案模拟试题：考研英语二Part I Reading Comprehension (阅读理解)Section ADirections: Read the following passage. Answer the questions by choosing the best option from the four choices given.Passage 1In recent years, the popularity of online education has surged. The rise of massive open online courses (MOOCs) has provided an alternative to traditional classroom learning, offering flexibility and accessibility to a wider audience. However, critics argue that online education lacks the personal interaction and engagement that are essential for effective learning.21. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Online education is becoming more popular.B. MOOCs are a viable alternative to traditional education.C. Critics believe online education is less effective due to a lack of personal interaction.D. The accessibility of online education is its main advantage.22. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a reason for the rise of online education?A. FlexibilityB. AccessibilityC. Personal interactionD. Wider audience reach23. What does the author imply about the critics' view on online education?A. They support the rise of MOOCs.B. They think online education is ineffective.C. They believe it lacks essential elements for learning.D. They prefer traditional classroom learning.Section BDirections: The following is a list of headings and subheadings. Choose the best heading from the list (A-F) for each subheading (1-6).1. ______ The Impact of Technology on JobsA. A New Era of EmploymentB. The Digital DivideC. The Rise of Artificial IntelligenceD. The Future of WorkE. The Role of AutomationF. The Changing Landscape of Employment2. ______ The Benefits of a Balanced DietA. Health and NutritionB. Eating for Optimal HealthC. The Science of FoodD. The Importance of Balanced NutritionE. The Effects of Fast FoodF. The Role of Exercise3. ______ The Challenges of UrbanizationA. The Growth of MegacitiesB. The Environmental Impact of CitiesC. Urban Planning and DevelopmentD. The Costs and Benefits of Urban LivingE. The Rural ExodusF. The Sustainable City4. ______ The Importance of Water ConservationA. Water: A Precious ResourceB. The Threat of DroughtC. Saving Water for Future GenerationsD. The Role of Technology in Water ManagementE. The Impact of Climate Change on Water ResourcesF. The Economic Value of Water5. ______ The Role of Social Media in Modern SocietyA. Connecting the WorldB. The Pros and Cons of Social NetworkingC. The Influence of Social Media on YouthD. Privacy Concerns in the Digital AgeE. The Power of Online CommunitiesF. The Evolution of Communication6. ______ The Effects of Climate ChangeA. Global Warming and Its EffectsB. The Science Behind Climate ChangeC. Adapting to a Changing ClimateD. The Human Cost of Climate ChangeE. The Political Response to Climate ChangeF. The Greenhouse Effect ExplainedPart II Writing (写作)Section ADirections: Write a short essay of about 150 words on the topic "The Role of Technology in Education." Support your view with appropriate examples.Section BDirections: Translate the following text from Chinese to English. Begin your translation with the underlined sentence.当前，随着互联网技术的飞速发展，网络教育已经成为一种重要的教育形式。

2005-历年考研英语一真题及答案详解

2016 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题Section IUse of EnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDon theANSWERSHEET.(10 points)InCambodia,thechoiceofaspouseisacomplexonefortheyoungmale.Itmay involvenot onlyhisparentsandhisfriends, 1 thoseoftheyoungwoman,butalsoamatchmaker.A young man can 2 a likelyspouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriagenegotiations,ortheyoungman’sparentsmaymakethechoiceofaspouse,givingthechildlittle tosayintheselection. 4 ,agirlmayvetothespouseherparentshavechosen. 5 aspouse hasbeen selected, each familyinvestigates the other to make sure its childismarrying 6 a good family.Thetraditionalweddingisa longandcolorfulaffair.Formerly itlastedthreedays, 7 bythe1980sitmorecommonlylastedaday andahalf.Buddhistpriestsofferashortsermonand8 prayers ofblessing. Parts of the ceremonyinvolve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soakedinholywateraroundthebride’sandgroom’swrists,and 10 acandlearoundacircleofhappilymarriedandrespectedcouplestoblessthe 11 .Newlywedstraditionallymovein withthewife’s parentsandmay 12 withthemuptoayear, 13 theycanbuildanew house nearby.Divorceislegalandeasyto 14 ,butnotcommon.Divorcedpersonsare 15 with somedisapproval.Eachspouseretains 16 property heorshe 17 intothe marriage,andjointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice19 up:thedivorcedmale doesn’t haveawaitingperiodbeforehecanremarry20 the woman must waitten months.1. [A] bywayof [B] on behalf of [C] as wellas [D] with regard to2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C] compete with [D] decided on3. [A] close [B] renew [C] arrange [D] postpone4. [A]Above all [B] In theory [C] In time [D] For example5. [A]Although [B] Lest [C]After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] since [B] but [C] or [D] so8. [A] copy [B] test [C] recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A]passing [B] lighting [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] collection [C] association [D] union12. [A]grow [B] part [C] deal [D] live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] if [D] for14. [A]obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D] avoid15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A] whatever [B] however [C] whenever [D] wherever17. [A]changed [B] brought [C]shaped [D] pushed18. [A] withdrawn [B] invested [C] donated [D] divided19. [A]breaks [B] warns [C] shows [D] clears20. [A] so that [B] while [C] once [D] in thatSection IIReading ComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby choosingA,B,Cor D. Mark your answerson theANSWERSHEET.(40 points)Text 1France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashion industry haslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwomen.Itslawmakersgavepreliminary approvallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways. Theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthat―inciteexcessivethinnes s‖byp romotingext reme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. Theysuggestbeautyshould notbe defined bylooks thatend up impinging onhealth.That’sastart.And thebanonultra-thinmodels seems to gobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarvingthemselvestodeath–assomehavedone.Ittellsthe fashionindustry thatitmusttakeresponsibility forthesignalitsendswomen,especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure theymustuse to determine their individual worth.Thebans,iffully enforced,wouldsuggesttowomen(andmany men)thattheyshouldnotlet othersbearbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,they hintthatpeopleshouldlookto intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their wayto size zero or wasp-waistphysiques.TheFrenchmeasures,however,rely toomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculturethat stillregardsbeautyasskin-deep–andbone-showing.Underthelaw,usingafashionmodelthat doesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymasscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonths in prison.The fashionindustryknows ithas an inherentproblemin focusing on materialadornmentand idealizedbody types.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,itistryingtoset voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.Incontrastto France’sactions,Denmark’sfashionindustry agreedlastmonthonrulesand sanctionsregardingtheage, health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.Thenewly revisedDanish FashionEthicalCharterclearly states:―Weareawareofandtakeresponsibility fortheim pact therter’smaintool of enforcementis fashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especially onyoungpeopl e.‖Thechato denyaccessfor designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen FashionWeek(CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shamemethod of compliance.Relyingon ethicalpersuasionratherthanlawto address themisuseofbodyidealsmaybethebeststep.Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerialstandardsof a particular industry.21.According to the firstparagraph, what wouldhappen in France? [A]New runways would be constructed.[B]Physicalbeautywould be redefined.[C]W ebsites aboutdietingwould thrive.[D]The fashion industrywould decline.22.Thephrase ―impinging on‖(Line 2, Para.2) is closest in meaning to .[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in[D] doingharmto23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A] Newstandards arebeingset in Denmark.[B]The French measures have alreadyfailed. [C]Models areno longerunderpeerpressure. [D] Itsinherentproblems aregetting worse.24.Adesigner is most likelyto be rejected byCFWfor .[A] pursuingperfectphysicalconditions[B] caring too much aboutmodel’scharacter[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] setting a high age threshold for models25.Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?[A]AChallengeto the Fashion Industry’sBodyIdeals[B]ADilemma for the Starving Models in France[C] JustAnotherRoundof Struggle for Beauty[D]TheGreatThreats to theFashion IndustryText2Forthefirsttimeinhistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.InBritainthishaslongsidetheroyalfamily, hadacuriousresult.Whilepollsshow B rit onsrate―thecountryside‖ａShakespeareandthe National HealthService(NHS)aswhatmakesthemproudestoftheircountry, this has limited politicaltraction.A centuryagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhousesbuttoIt was specifically toprovide city save―thebeautyof naturalplacesforeveryone forever‖．Hill’spressure dwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperience―a refreshingair‖．laterledtothecreat ion ofnationalparksandgreenbelts.Theydon’tmake countrysideanym ore, and everyyearconcrete consumesmore of it.Itneedsconstantguardianship.Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikely toendorsethissentiment.The Conservatives’planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityoverconservation, evenauthorising―ｏff-pl an‖b uildingwherelocalpeoplemightobject.Theconceptofsustainable bourlikewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanning wherecouncilsopposedevelopment.TheLiberalDemocratsaresilent.Only Ukip,sensingits chance,hassidedwiththose pleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.Nigel Farage’sspeechthisyeartotheCampaigntoProtec tRuralEngandstruckterrorintomanylocal Conservative parties.The sensible place tobuild newhouses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and townswhereinfrastructureisinplace.TheLondonagentsStirlingAckroydrecently identified enough sitesforhalfa millionhousesinthe Londonareaalone, withnointrusion ongreen belt. What is true ofLondon is even truerof the provinces.ispurelobby talk.The issue i sls―ｃo ncretedmeadow s‖　Theideathat―ｈousing crisis‖ equanottheneedformorehousesbut,asalways,wheretoputthem.Underlobby pressure,George Osbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainst urbanrenovationandrenewal. Hefavoursout-of-town shoppingsitesagainst high streets.Thisisnotafreemarketbutabiasedone.Ruraltownsand villageshavegrownandwillalwaysgrow.Theydosobestwherebuildingstickstotheiredges andrespectstheircharacter.W edonotruinurbanconservationareasinthisway.Why ruinrural ones?Developmentshouldbeplanned,notletrip.AftertheNetherlands,BritainisEurope’smost crowdedcountry.Halfacentury oftownandcountryplanninghasenabledittoretainanenviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative–thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,SpainorIreland.Avoidingthisratherthan promoting itshould unite the leftand rightof the politicalspectrum.26. Britain’spublic sentimentabout the countryside _.[A] didn’tstart tillthe Shakespearean age[B] has broughtmuch benefit to the NHS[C] is fullybacked bythe royal family [D]is not well reflected in politics27.According toParagraph2, the achievements of the NationalTrustare nowbeing .[A] graduallydestroyed[B] effectivelyreinforced[C] largelyovershadowed[D] properlyprotected28. which of the following can be inferred fromParagraph 3?[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B]TheConservativesmayabandon―off-plan‖building.[C]The LiberalDemocrats are losing political influence. [D]Ukip maygain from its support for ruralconservation.29.Theauthor holds thatGeorge Osborne’s Preference.[A] highlights his firmstand against lobbypressure[B] shows his disregard for the characterof ruralareas [C]stresses the necessityofeasing the housing crisis [D]reveals a strong prejudice againsturbanareas30. In the lastparagraph, theauthor shows his appreciation of .[A] the size ofpopulation inBritain.[B] the political life in today’sBritain[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[D] the town-and-countryplanning inBritainText3“Thereisoneandonlyonesocialresponsibility of business,‖wroteMi ltonFriedman,a Nobel prize-winning economist.―Thatis,touse itsresourcesandengageinactivitiesdesignedto increase itsprofit s.‖　B utevenif you acceptFri edman'spremise andregardcorporate social responsibility(CSR)policiesasawasteofshareholders'money,thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-cut.NewresearchsuggeststhatCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcompanies—atleast when theyare prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America andBritain togetherspendmore than $15 billion a yearon CSR, accordingtoanestimatelastyearby EPG,aconsultingfirm.Thiscouldaddvaluetotheir businessesinthree ways.First,consumers maytakeCSRspendingasa―s ignal‖thatacompany's productsareofhighquality.Second,customersmaybewillingtobuy acompany'sproductsasan indirectway todonatetothe go odcausesithelps.Andthird,throughamorediffuse―ha l oeffect‖，wherebyits good deeds earnitgreaterconsideration fromconsumers and others.PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseeffectsbecauseconsumers canbeaffectedbyallthree.A recentpaperattemptstoseparatethembylookingatbribery prosecutionsunder America'sForeignCorrupt Practices Act(FCPA).Itarguesthatsince prosecutorsdonotconsumeacompany'sproductsaspartoftheirinvestigations,theycouldbe influenced onlybythe halo effect.Thestudy foundthat,amongprosecutedfirms,thosewiththemostcomprehensiveCSR programmestendedtogetmorelenientpenalties.Theiranalysisruledoutthepossibilitythatitwasfirms'politicalinfluence,ratherthantheir CSRstance,thataccountedfortheleniency: companies thatcontributed more to politicalcampaigns did not receive lower fines.Inall,theauthorsconcludethatwhereasprosecutorsshouldonly evaluateacasebasedonits merits,theydo se em tobeinfluencedby acompany'srecordinCS R.―Weestimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate givingbyabout20%resultsinfinesthatgenerallyare40%lowerthanthetypicalpunishmentforbribingaysone researcher.foreignofficial s,‖ｓResearchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswerthequestionofhowmuchbusinesses oughttospendon CSR. Nordoes itrevealhowmuch companiesarebankingonthehaloeffect, ratherthantheotherpossiblebenefits,whentheydecidetheirdo-goodingpolicies.Butatleast they havedemonstratedthatwhencompaniesgetinto troublewiththelaw,evidenceofgood charactercan win thema less costlypunishment.31.Theauthor views Milton Friedman’sstatementaboutCSRwith _.[A] tolerance [B] skepticism [C] uncertainty [D] approval32.According toParagraph2, CSRhelps a companyby_ .[A] winning trust fromconsumers[B] guardingitagainstmalpractices [C]protecting it frombeing defamed [D]raising the qualityof its products33.Theexpression ―more lenient‖(Line 2,Para. 4) is closest in meaning to .[A] more effective[B] less controversial[C] less severe[D] more lasting34.Whenprosecutors evaluate a case, a compa ny’s CSRrecord .[A] has an impacton their decision[B] comes acrossas reliable evidence[C] increases the chanceof being penalized[D] constitutes partof the investigation35.Which of the following is true ofCSR, according to the lastparagraph? [A]Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B]The necessaryamountof companies’spendingon it is unknown.[C] Companies’financialcapacityfor ithas been overestimated.[D] Ithas broughtmuch benefit to the banking industry.Text4Therewilleventually comeaday whenTheNewY orkTimesceasestopublishstorieson newsprint.Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate."Sometimeinthefuture,"the paper's publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside,there'splenty ofincentivetoditch print.Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakea physicalnewspaper—printingpresses,delivery trucks—isn'tjustexpensive;it'sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-only competitorsdon'thavethe same setof financialconstraints. Readers are migrating awayfromprintanyway. And though printad salesstilldwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue fromprint is stilldeclining.Overheadmaybehighandcirculationmaybelower,butrushingtoeliminateitsprintedition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEOJonahPeretti.Perettisaysthe Times shouldn'twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyifthey goaboutdoing ittherightway."Figuringoutawaytoacceleratethattransitionwouldmakesense forthem,"hesaid,"butifyoudiscontinueit,you'regoingtohaveyourmostloyalcustomers reallyupset withyou."Sometimesthat'sworthmakingachange anyway.PerettigivestheexampleofNetflix discontinuingits DVD-mailingservicetofocusonstreaming.* "Itwasseenasa blunder,"hesaid. Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted.AndifPerettiwereinchargeat The NewY orkTimes?"Iwouldn’tpickayeartoendprint," hesaid."I wouldraisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct."Themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproductthey favor,theideagoes,andthey'dfeel liketheywerehelpingsustainthequalityofsomethingtheybelievein."Soifyou'reoverpaying for print,you could feel like you were helping,"Perettisaid. "Then increase itas ahigher rate each yearandessentially try togenerateadditionalrevenue." Inotherwords,ifyou'regoingtomakea printproduct,makeitforthepeoplewhoarealready obsessedwithit.Whichmaybewhatthe Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice asmuch asadigital-onlysubscription."It'sareallyhardthingtodoandit'satremendousluxurythatBuzzFeeddoesn'thavea legacy business," Perettiremarked."Butwe'regoingtohavequestionslikethatwherewehavethingswe'redoingthatdon'tmakesensewhen themarketchangesandthe worldchanges.Inthose situations, it's better to be more aggressive than less aggressive."36. TheNewY orkTimes is considering ending its printedition partlydue to .[A] the highcostof operation[B] the pressure fromits investors[C] the complaints fromits readers[D] the increasingonline adsales37.Perettisuggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should _.[A] seeknewsourcesof readership[B] end theprinteditionfor good [C]aimfor efficientmanagement [D]make strategic adjustments38. Itcan be inferred fromParagraphs 5and 6thata ―legacyproduct‖.[A] helps restore thegloryofformer times[B] is meant for the mostloyalcustomers[C] willhave the costof printing reduced[D] expands the popularityof the paper39.Perettibelieves that, in a changing world _.[A] legacybusinesses are becoming outdated[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness bettermeets challenges [D]traditional luxuries can stayunaffected40.Whichof the following would be thebest title of the text? [A]Shift to Online NewspapersAllatOnce[B] Cherish the NewspaperStillinY ourHand[C] MakeY ourPrint Newspapera LuxuryGood[D] KeepY ourNewspapersForever inFashionPartBDirections：Readthefollowingtextsandanswerthequestionsby choosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfrom thelistA-Gforeachofthe numberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadings.Mark your answerson theANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A] Createa new image ofyourself[B] Have confidence in yourself[C] Decide if the time is right [D]Understand thecontext[E]W ork with professionals[F] Make itefficient[G] Knowyour goalsNomatterhowformalorinformaltheworkenvironment,thewayyoupresentyourselfhasanimpact.Thisisespeciallytrueinfirstimpressions.Accordingtoresearchfrom Princeton University,peopleassessyourcompetence,trustworthiness,andlikeability injustatenthofa second, solelybased on thewayyou look.raisthat therangeof Thedifferencebetweentoday’sworkplaceandthe―ｄress f orsuccess‖ｅoptions is so much broader.Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakersor dresst-shirtscanconvey status;inothersnotsomuch. Plus,whateverimagewepresentis magnifiedbysocial-mediaserviceslikeLinkedIn.Chancesare,yourheadshotsareseenmuch lennials,itseems,facetheparadoxofbeingthe least formalgenerationyet the mostconscious ofstyle and personalbranding. Itcanbe confusing. Sohowdowenavigatethis?Howdoweknowwhentoinves tinanupgrade?Andwhat’sthebes twayto pulloff one thatenhancesour goals?Here are some tips:41.A sanexecutivecoach,I’ve seen imageupgradesbeparticularlyhelpfulduringt ransitions—whenlookingfora newjob,steppingintoanewormorepublicrole,orchangingwork einaperiodofchangeorjustfeelingstuckandinarut,nowmaybeagood environments.Ifyou’ｒtime.Ifyou’renotsure,askforhonestfeedbackfromtrustedfriends,colleaguesandpr ofes sional s. Lookforcues abouthowothersperceiveyou.Maybe there’snoneedforanupgradeandt hat’sOK.42.ehoping tohave.Areyoulookingtorefreshyourimageor Getclearonwhatimpactyou’ｒpivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professionalimage.Foranother,itmaybetobeperceivedasmoreapproachable,or moremodern andstylish.Forsomeonemovingfromfinancetoadvertising,maybetheywanttolookmore―ＳoH o.‖(It’sOK tousecharacterizationslikethat.)43.Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment?What conveysstatus?Whoareyourmostimportant audiences?How dothepeople yourespectandlookuptopresentthemselves?Thebetteryouunderstandthe culturalcontext,the more controlyou can have overyour impact.44.Enlistthesupportofprofessionalsandsharewiththemyourgoalsandcontext.Hireapersonalstylist, or use the free styling service ofa store like J·Crew·Trya hair stylist instead ofa barber. Work with aprofessional photographerinstead of your spouseorfriend. It’snot asexpensive asyoumight think.45.Thepointofastyleupgradeisn’ttobecomemorevainortospendmoretimefussing overwhattowear.Instead,useitasanopportunity toreducedecisionfatigue.Pickastandardwork uniformorafewgo-tooptions.Buyallyourclothesatoncewithastylistinsteadofshopping alone, onearticle ofclothing ata time.PartCDirections:Readthefollowingtextcarefully andthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Y our translation should be written neatlyon theANSWERSHEET.(10 points)Mentalhealthisourbirthright.(46)Wedon’t have to learn how tobementallyhealthy;itisbuiltintousinthesamewaythatourbodiesknowhowtohealacutormendabro ken bone. Mentalhealthcan’tbe learned,onlyreawakened.Itisliketheimmunesystemofthebody,which understressorthroughlackofnutritionorexercisecanbeweakened,butwhichneverleavesus. When wedon’tunderstandthe valueofmentalhealth a ndwedon’tknowhowto gainac cess toit, mentalhealthwillremainhiddenfromus.(47)Our mental health doesn’t really goanywhere; likethesunbehindacloud,itcanbetemporarilyhiddenfromview,butitisfully capableofbeingrestored in an instant.Mentalhealthistheseedthatcontainsself-esteem—confidenceinourselvesandanability to trust inourcommonsense.Itallowsustohaveperspectiveonourlives—theability tonottake ourselvestooseriously,tolaughatourselves,toseethebiggerpicture,andtoseethat thingswill workout.I t’saformofinnateor un learned optimism.(48)Mentalhealthallowsustoviewotherswithsympathy ifthey are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditionallovenomatterwhothey are.Mentalhealthisthesourceofcreativityforsolving problems,resolvingconflict,makingoursurroundingsmorebeautiful,managingourhomelife,or comingupwithacreativebusinessideaorinventiontomakeourliveseasier.It givesuspatience for ourselves and toward others as wellaspatience whiledriving, catching a fish, working on our car,orraisingachild.Itallowsustoseethebeautythatsurroundsuseachmomentinnature,inculture, in the flowof our dailylives.(49)Althoughmentalhealthisthecure-allforlivingourlives,itisperfectly ordinaryasyouwillseethatithasbeentheretodirectyouthroughallyourdifficultdecisions.Ithasbeen availableeveninthemostmundaneoflifesituationstoshowyourightfromwrong,goodfrombad,friendfromfoe.Mentalhealthhascommonly beencalledconscience,instinct,wisdom, common sense, orthe inner voice. W e thinkof itsimplyas a healthyand helpfulflowof intelligent thought.(50)As youwill cometosee,knowingthat mentalhealthis always availableand knowing to trustitallowus to slowdown to the momentand live life happily.Section IIIWritingPartA51.Directions:Supposeyouarealibrarianinyouruniversity.Writeanoticeofabout100words,providing the newly-enrolled internationalstudents with relevant information about the library.Y ou should write neatlyontheANSWERSHEET.i nstead.Do not sign your own nameat the end of the e―L iMing‖　Do not write the address. (10 points)PartA52.Directions:Write an essayof 160-200 words basedon the followingpictures. Inyour essay,you should1) describe the pictures briefly,2) interpret the meaning, and3) giveyour comments.Y ou should write neatlyon theANSWERSHEET. (20 points)2016年考研英语一真题参考答案UseofEnglish1. [C] as wellas2. [D] decided on3. [C] arrange4. [B] In theory5. [C]After6. [A] into7. [B] but8. [C] recite9. [D] tying10. [A]passing11. [D] union12. [D] live13. [B] until14. [A]obtain15. [C] viewed16. [A] whatever17. [B] brought18. [D]divided19. [C] shows20. [B] whileReading ComprehensionPartAText121. [B]Physicalbeautywould be redefined.22. [D]doing harmto23. [A]Newstandards are being set in Denmark.24. [C] showing little concern for health factors25. [A]AChallenge to the Fashion Industry’sBodyIdealsText226. [D] is not well reflected in politics27. [A]graduallydestroyed28. [D]Ukip maygain from its support for ruralconservation.29. [D] reveals a strongprejudice againsturban areas30. [D] thetown-and-countryplanning in BritainText331. [B] skepticism32. [A] winning trust fromconsumers33. [C] less severe34. [A]has an impacton their decision35. [B]The necessaryamountof companies’spending on it is unknown.Text436. [A] thehigh costof operation37. [D] make strategic adjustments38. [B] is meant for the mostloyalcustomers39. [C] aggressiveness bettermeets challenges40. [C] MakeY ourPrintNewspapera LuxuryGoodPartB41. [C]Decideif the time isright42. [G] Knowyour goals43. [D]Understand the context44. [E]W ork with professionals45. [F] Make itefficientPartC46. 我们并不必学习如何保持心理健康；它与生俱来，正如我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口和修复骨折一样。

考研英语二历年真题及答案

考研英语二历年真题及答案近年来，越来越多的学子选择考研究生，其中英语科目是考研中的难关之一。

为了能更好地备考英语二，参考历年真题是非常必要的。

本文将为大家提供一些历年考研英语二真题及答案，并对每个题目进行详细解析，帮助考生更好地理解和掌握考点。

第一部分：阅读理解文章一：根据短文内容，选择正确答案。

Passage 1In a few areas of the western United States, a pine tree called the “limber pine” is under attack. If the insects that are attacking it continue to spread, then this tall, slender, cone-bearing tree may become extinct. The destruction would be unfortunate, for the limber pine is a beautiful, hardy tree that has lived there in peace for hundreds of years.The enemies of the limber pine are the beetles called the “mountain pine beetles”. Adult mountain pine beetles lay eggs on the trunks of limber pines. The eggs hatch, and the baby beetles begin to feed on the inner layers of bark. As the baby beetles eat and grow, they dig long tunnels winding through the tree's trunk, leaving behind their jagged trails.Awarding-winning nature photographer Robert Fletcher spends hours wandering through these fascinating tunnels of the beetles. He carefully examin es the damage, maps the length of the tunnel and counts the eggs. “It is like walking through a giant nut looked inside a layer upon layer of peanutbutter”, he says. “Sometimes the infestation is so severe that the tree cannot defend itself and will die.”Mountain pine beetles cause the trunks of the pines to die, and the branches and needles turn reddish-brown, then gray. In fact, millions of trees have already succumbed to the attacks of these insects. The tree is dying by inches, similar to a person who has contracted some terrible disease.1. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The attack on the limber pine by beetles.B. An award-winning photographer.C. The death of a tree.D. Extinction.解析：文章主要讨论的话题是“攻击延硕山松的甲虫”，所以选项A 是正确答案。

历年考研英语真题集含答案版

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview duringthe same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with anapplicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1.[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers2.[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle[D] Above all5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather16.[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each textby choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of thenumbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The social sciences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside andoutside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security,sustainable development andhealth.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, theproblems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity toraise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction .Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internalscholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords“environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is oftenlocal:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium forexample .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this isan adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better.The European Union Frameworkfunding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at socialscientists.This year,it was proposed that system be changed:Horizon 2020,a newprogram to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted inprotests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglect social science ;rather ,the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborativeendeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of socialscientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highlyspecialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishingelsewhere,such as policy briefs.[B] However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of theseKeywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories,including health and demographic change food security, marine research and thebio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and whatit considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought toreceive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioralchange and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemmingclimate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns andpromoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle suchproblems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specificfunding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cuttingtopics of sustainable development .[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and thehumanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-includinggovernment, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.Part B: (10 points)Section III Translation46. Directions: Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write yourtranslation on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segmentsinto Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals whomade them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidencean impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expressionis a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardencreated by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, thesegardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration andcreative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst ofturbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot.(47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, asopposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much sothat where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemerbecomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by thestructuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environmentexist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they givewhere it either didn’ｔcomposure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take theirstand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from isso intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When weare deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization ofspirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day wefind ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yeteven so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence ofpetals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)Itis this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of wordgarden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuminguncanny representational forms.Section III WritingParty A51 Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college invitinghim/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B: (20 points)Part B52 Directions:Write an essay of about 160 – 200 words based on the following drawing. Inyour essay, you should(1) describe the drawing briefly,(2) interpret its intended meaning, and(3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2013年考研英语真题答案2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank andmark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an importantissue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that_3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind ofdecisions will be _4_ as impartialactivity makes it less likely that the court’sjudgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. Atthe very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to therest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_betweenthe court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart frompolitics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system wasdesigned to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with socialpolicy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions splitalong ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen asseparate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law.1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D] eliminated4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted5. [A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone7. [A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict10. [A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though12. [A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace13. [A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer14. [A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable[B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a result20.[A]by allmesnsSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner thana brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41)The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place ofpraise and critique. The computer is the 21st century's culture machine.But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution. (42)I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing.All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. (44)Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.(45)What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of "stickiness" - creations and experiences to which others adhere.[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.[B] Applications like , which allow users to combine pictures, wordsand other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.[D] This is because t he networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading - between passive consumption and active creation - whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity toone format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replacedby CD players.[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium- television - and television is defined by downloading.[G]The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow,to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments i nto Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remainsa major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too.(47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable usto understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionaryor cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland andhis colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attemptsto find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languagewhich are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family treesthat between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammarshould show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or thepathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strongco-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of thesepatterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages arelire age-specific and not governed by universals[NxtPage]2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious But ---_1____some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has littleto health.”　influence on physical filness Laughter does _2____short-term changes in thefunction of the heart and its blood vessels, _3___ heart rate and oxygen consumptionBut because h ard laughter is difficult to _4___, a good laugh is unlikely to have__5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughterapparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter. muscles,Such bodily reaction might conceivably help__8__the effects of psychologicalstress.Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types ofemotional state. __10____one____9__feedback,that improve an individual’sclassical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted _____11__ physicalreactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry___12___they are sad but they become sad when te tears begin to flow.Although sadness a lso __13_____ tears,evidence s uggests t hat emotions can flow__14___ muscular responses.In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologistFritz.1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10．[A]physical [B]mentl [C]subconscious [D]internal11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13．[A]unless [B]until C]if [D]because14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text bychoosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, youare required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from thelist A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have beencorrectly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm asthe humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years anda medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in thehumanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students inEnglish drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages,philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% ofAmerican college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% inhistory and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want theirundergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educatedperson should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “generaleducation” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships forwhich they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partlybecause universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students wantto study humanities subjects: English departments aw arded more bachelor’s degreesin 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So,at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave theprofession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cancut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, t aught in different schools. Manystudents experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers muststudy a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top Americanuniversities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money foracademic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfoldbetween 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took itstoll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into aprerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969a third of Americanprofessors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, arguesMr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specializationdisciplines acquire a monopoly not justare transmissible but not transferable.”Soover the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers ofknowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter theway in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies whichthey study, investigate and criticize.”Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Yet quite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform andResistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking ofapplying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. Forsomething curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand,a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.G → 41. → 42. →E → 43. → 44. →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segmentsinto Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depthexploration of the central idea of self-help writing.-that because(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all sharewe are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughtscan be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another.However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as theconscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control。

考研英语真题完整版(含答案)

考研英语真题完整版(含答案)考研英语真题完整版(含答案)IntroductionIn recent years, the number of students taking the postgraduate entrance exam, commonly known as the "gaokao", to pursue further education has continued to rise. The English section of this exam is of particular significance as it assesses the applicants' language proficiency and comprehension skills. This article aims to provide a complete version of the past years' English exam questions, along with their corresponding answers, in order to help students better prepare for the upcoming exam.Section I: Reading Comprehension1. Passage OneQuestions:1) What is the main topic of the passage?2) What does the passage imply about music's role in early childhood development?2. Passage TwoQuestions:1) What does the passage mainly discuss?2) What does the author mean by saying "Birds defy that rule." in paragraph 3?Section II: Vocabulary and Structure1. Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence. Example:1) It is time that we ______ a solution to the problem.a) findb) will findc) foundd) have foundAnswer: a) findSection III: Cloze1. Choose the word or phrase that best fits the blank. Example:1) It was very kind ______ you to help me with my bags.a) forb) fromc) ofd) withAnswer: c) ofSection IV: TranslationTranslate the following sentences from Chinese to English.Example:1) 他们一起努力，最终实现了自己的目标。

2001-2010考研英语真题及答案

Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting 1workers' productivity. Instead, the studies ended 2giving their nameto the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very 3to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.The idea arose because of the 4behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to 5of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not 6what was done in the experiment; 7something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) 8that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 9to alter workers' behavior 10itself.After several decades, the same data were 11to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store 12the descriptions on record, no systematic 13was found that levels of productivity were related to changesin lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to 14interpretation of what happed. 15, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output 16rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17to rise for the next couple of days. 18, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers 19to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 20 a plateau and then slackening off. Thissuggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2. [A] at [B] up [C] with [D] off3. [A] truth [B] sight [C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C] mischievous [D] ambiguous5. [A] requirements [B] explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B] shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] peculiar to13. [A] evidence [B] guidance [C] implication [D] source14. [A] disputable [B] enlightening [C] reliable [D] misleading15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16. [A] duly [B] accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A] failed [B] ceased [C] started [D] continued20. [A] breaking [B] climbing [C] surpassing [D] hittingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.’”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by[A] free themes.[B] casual style.[C] elaborate layout.[D] radical viewpoints.23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?[A] It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.[C] His style caters largely to modern specialists.[D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism[D] Prominent Critics in MemoryText 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. received one for its "one-click" online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known , is "a very big deal", says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It "has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents."Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fundassets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should "reconsider" its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuit's action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for "inventions" that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are "reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court", says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word "about-face" (Line 1, Para 3) most probably means[A] loss of good will[B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of dignity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the "two step flow of communication": Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trendsIn their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers' argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studiedthe dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call "global cascades"– the widespread propagation of influence through networks – is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people, each of whom adopts, say, a look or a brand after being exposed to a single adopting neighbor. Regardless of how influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction.31. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to[A] analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B] discuss influentials' function in spreading ideas[C] exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemics[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32. The author suggests that the "two-step-flow theory"[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C] has won support from influentials[D] requires solid evidence for its validity33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34. The underlined phrase "these people" in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influence[B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35. what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A] The eagerness to be accepted[B] The impulse to influence others[C] The readiness to be influenced[D] The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it's just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks' lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America's Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB's chairman, cried out against those who "question our motives." Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls "the use of judgment by management."European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did "not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real word" and that Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank's shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B] collect payments from third parties[C] cooperate with the price managers[D] reevaluate some of their assets.37. According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A] the diminishing role of management[B] the revival of the banking system[C] the banks' long-term asset losses[D] the weakening of its independence38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB's attempt to[A] keep away from political influences.[B] evade the pressure from their peers.[C] act on their own in rule-setting.[D] take gradual measures in reform.39. The author thinks the banks were "on the wrong planet" in that they[A] misinterpreted market price indicators[B] exaggerated the real value of their assets[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts.[D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40. The author's attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A] satisfaction.[B] skepticism.[C] objectiveness[D] sympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse andconsider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe's largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy .At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don't eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as "horeca": hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe's wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.EPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds.(48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops. (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.。

考研英语历年英语阅读真题及答案

考研英语历年英语阅读真题及答案考研英语阅读是考试中的重要部分，通过阅读理解题目，考生可以提升英语语言能力和考试答题能力。

下面将为大家整理一些历年考研英语阅读真题及答案，供各位考生参考。

一、真题一阅读理解题目：Passage 1Questions 1-3 are based on the following passage.Vasily Grossman, a journalist and writer, was recognized only belatedly in the Soviet Union. But by the time of his death in 1964 his works could no longer be ignored or suppressed completely.Grossman was born in a Jewish family in 1905 in Berdichev (Ukraine) and after training for a career in civil engineering became a writer and journalist, first in Ukraine, then in Moscow. His first literary success was a volume of short stories (1934) and his first novel, Stalingrad (1952), established his reputation as a writer of remarkable talents. It is a fine example of the "Bread and Battles" type of fiction-- novels with a Central Russian war theme.Between the wars Grossman established himself as a newspaper reporter of the first rank. At the outbreak of the German invasion in 1941 he became a war reporter. His articles in the army newspaper Red Star had considerable effect. After the war he continued to write--describing, for example, the1943 Battle of Kursk in which a German advance was halted. These articles lead directly to the writing of Stalingrad.In 1959 his novel Life and Fate was finished, and when it became apparent that the manuscript would be suppressed by the authorities, Grossman gave copies to friends. A "textbook example of containment," the manuscript switched across the Iron Curtain and was first published in the West in 1980; in the Soviet Union only an abridged version was eventually published in 1988.Grossman's major themes are war and totalitarianism. He writes with great authority and humanity. In his later years he suffered from cruel persecution at the hands of the authorities and died a broken man.1. Vasily Grossman was initially recognized as a writer(A) during his lifetime(B) after his death(C) when his works were published in the West(D) after his works had been highly evaluated2. Grossman's first novel, Stalingrad, established his reputation by(A) describing a battle of the Second World War(B) criticizing the authorities' persecution(C) relating his post-war experience(D) criticizing totalitarianism3. Grossman's Life and Fate(A) was not praised as much as Stalingrad(B) was first published in the Soviet Union(C) was taken out of the Soviet Union in its entirety(D) was intended to show the effects of containment参考答案：1. A2. A3. C二、真题二阅读理解题目：Passage 2It is a common belief that emotions interfere with our reasoning abilities and lead to irrational decisions. However, recent studies have shown that emotions can actually be beneficial to the decision-making process.One study conducted by neuroscientist Antonio Damasio revealed that individuals with damage to a specific part of the brain had difficulty making decisions, even though their intelligence was not affected. This study suggests that emotions play a crucial role in our ability to make choices.Another study conducted by psychologists Loewenstein and Lerner found that individuals who experienced mild emotions during the decision-making process made better decisions compared to those who were emotionally neutral. This suggests that emotions can provide valuable information that can aid in decision-making.Furthermore, research has shown that individuals who are able to understand and regulate their emotions have better decision-making skills. This is because emotional intelligence allows individuals to consider both their rational thoughts and emotional responses when making decisions.In conclusion, emotions are not always detrimental to decision-making. They can provide valuable information and aid in the decision-making process. Additionally, individuals who possess emotional intelligence have better decision-making skills overall.4. According to the passage, recent studies have shown that emotions(A) interfere with our reasoning abilities(B) lead to irrational decisions(C) play a crucial role in decision-making(D) have no impact on decision-making5. The study conducted by Antonio Damasio suggests that individuals with damage to a specific part of the brain(A) have difficulty making decisions due to a lack of intelligence(B) have no emotional responses to aid in decision-making(C) are more likely to make irrational decisions(D) experience interference from their emotions when making decisions6. According to Loewenstein and Lerner's study, individuals who experienced mild emotions during the decision-making process(A) made better decisions compared to those who were emotionally neutral(B) were more likely to make irrational decisions(C) had difficulty making decisions due to a lack of emotional responses(D) had no impact on their decision-making abilities参考答案：4. C5. A6. A根据上述两道真题及其答案，我们可以看到考研英语阅读理解题目通常包括一篇或多篇文章，每篇文章后面配有若干问题，考生需要根据文章内容选择正确的答案。

河南大学历年考研英语真题（带答案）-推荐下载

2011年河南大学研究生英语复试真题（与2010卷基本重复）一、单选：为2010年河南大学英语复试真题单选原题（20分）二、完型：为2010年河南大学英语复试完型填空原题。

（20分）三、阅读：passage 1和passage 2为2010年河南大学复试真题前两个阅读(后两篇阅读理解如下)passage 3（2011年英语考研真题）The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got whatmedia –　such as you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid”　television commercials and print advertisements –　still play a major role，companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.media by Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned”　sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting theirown products. For earned media ，such marketers act as the initiator，one marketer’s owned media for users‘ responses. But in some casespaid media –　f or instance，when an e-become another marketer’scommerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such soldmedia as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ，which we believe is still in its infancy，effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson，for example，has created BabyCenter， a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income，the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective，gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information，and may help expand about the appeal of other companies’ marketinguser traffic for all companies concerned. The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more （and more diverse）communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker，more visible，and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media：an asset or，other stakeholders，or campaign becomes hostage to consumersactivists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks，for instance，are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them. If that happens，passionate consumers would try to persuadeothers to boycott products，putting the reputation of the target companyat risk. In such a case，the company‘s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful，and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor，for example，alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign，which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.（D） 51.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are [A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites. [B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them. [C] eager to help their friends promote quality products. [D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products. 52. According to Paragraph 2，sold media feature (A) [A] a safe business environment. [B] random competition. [C] strong user traffic. [D] flexibility in organization. 53. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media (C) [A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers. [B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing. [C] may be responsible for fiercer competition. [D] deserve all the negative comments about them. 54. Toyota Motor‘s experience is cited as an example of (B) [A] responding effectively to hijacked media. [B] persuading customers into boycotting products. [C] cooperating with supportive consumers. [D] taking advantage of hijacked media. 55. Which of the following is the text mainly about ？(A) [A] Alternatives to conventional paid media. [B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media. [C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Passage 4(2002年考研真题)If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting ina line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "Oh, that's God," came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor." If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark aboutthe inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system. If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark. Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.56. To make your humor work, you should ___C____. [A] take advantage of different kinds of audience [B] make fun of the disorganized people [C] address different problems to different people [D] show sympathy for your listeners57. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are___B_____. [A] impolite to new arrivals [B] very conscious of their godlike role [C] entitled to some privileges [D] very busy even during lunch hours58. It can be inferred from the text that public services _D_______. [A] have benefited many people [B] are the focus of public attention [C] are an inappropriate subject for humor [D] have often been the laughing stock59. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered ___D_____. [A] in well-worded language [B] as awkwardly as possible [C] in exaggerated statements [D] as casually as possible60. The best title for the text may be ___A_____. [A] Use Humor Effectively [B] Various Kinds of Humor [C] Add Humor to Speech [D] Different Humor Strategies四、翻译（2011年考研真题）(61) Allen’scontribution was to take an assumption we all share--that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.我们每个人都认为：自己不是机器人，因此能够控制自己的思想;爱伦的贡献在于他研究了这一假说，并揭示其错误的本质。

考研英语卷真题及答案

考研英语卷真题及答案考研英语是众多考生备战考研的重点科目之一，为了帮助考生更好地复习和准备，以下将列举一些历年考研英语卷真题及答案，供考生参考。

Section I Use of English1. A解析：根据句子结构分析，该题考查名词的用法。

选项A中"What"作问句的句头副词，修饰名词". . . . achievement"，表示"什么成就"。

2. D解析：通过句子结构分析，该题考查连接词。

选项D中"fan"是名词，而"while"用作从属连词，意思是在某个时间段或某一活动期间。

故选"D"。

Section II Reading ComprehensionPassage One1. D解析：根据第一段中"most scholarly research . . . . . shall be regardedas res justiﬁcata"和 "without being interfered with"可以推知，该罗马的法律原则表明如果某人的财产拥有得法，他就被视为合法所有人，就不应该被干涉。

2. A解析：根据第二段中"subjects of property"可以推知，人在约束下不去攻击别人只能是因为担心攻击行为对他自己将产生的财产产生负面影响。

Passage Two1. C解析：根据第一段中"Researchers have discovered that . . . . men to delay marriage"和"before they ﬁnish school or get settled in a career"可以推知，研究发现，男性更倾向于在完成学业或在事业上安定之后再考虑婚姻问题。

考研历年英语真题及答案

考研历年英语真题及答案【篇一：2010-2016年历年考研英语真题+答案】tion i use of english section 1 use of englishdirections: read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [a], [b], [c] or [d] on answer sheet 1. (10 points)in cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. it may involve not only his parents and his friends, __1__those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. a young man can __2__ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to __3__the marriage negotiations, or the young man‘s parents may take the choice of a spouse, giving thechild little to say in the selection. __4__, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. __5__ a spouse has beenselected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying __6__ a good family.the traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. formerly it lasted three days, __7__1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. buddhist priests offer a short sermon and __8__ prayers of blessing. par--ts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,__9__cotton threads soaked in holy water around the brides and grooms wrists, and __10__a candle around a circle of happily married andrespected couples to bless the __11__. newlyweds traditionally move in with the wifes parents and may__12__ with them up to a year, __13__they can build a new house nearby.divorce is legal and easy to __14__, but not common. divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval. each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she__17__ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is__18__ equally. divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__up. the divorced male doesnt have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__the woman must wait ten months.1.a. by way of b. with regard to c. on behalf of d. as well as2.a. decide onb. provide forc. compete withd. adapt to3.a. closeb. arrange c. renew d. postpone4.a. in theory b. above all c. in timed. for example5.a. unlessb. less c. after d. although6.a. into b. within c. fromd. through7.a. or b. sincec. butd. so8.a. test b. copyc. recite d. create9.a. folding b. piling c. wrappingd. tying10. a. passing b. lighting c. hiding d. serving11. a. associationb. meeting c. collection d. union12. a. deal b. partc. grow d. live13. a. whereas b. untilc. ford. if14. a. avoidb. follow c. challenge d. obtain15. a. isolated b. persuadedc. viewed d. exposed16. a. wherever b. whatever c. whenever d. however17. a. changedb. brought c. shapedd. pushed18. a. invested b. dividedc. donated d. withdrawn19. a. warmsb. clearsc. shows d. breaks20. a. whileb. so that c. onced. in that section Ⅱ reading comprehensionpart adirections：read the following four texts. answer the questions after each text by choosing a, b, c or d. mark your answers on answer sheet 1. (40 points) text 1france，which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. the parliament also agreed to ban websites that ―incite excessive thinness‖ by promoting extreme dieting.such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. they suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. that‘s a start. and the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death –as some have done. it tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.the bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. and perhaps faintly, they hint that people should lookto intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.the french measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change aculture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.the fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. in denmark, the united states, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.in contrast to france‘s actions, denmark‘s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. the newly revised danish fashion ethical charter clearly states:‖we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people‖. the charter‘s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to copenhagen fashion week (cfw), which is run by the danish fashion institute. but in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. according to the first paragraph，what would happen in france?【a】physical beauty would be redefined.【b】new runways would be constructed.【c】websites about dieting would thrive.【d】the fashion industry would decline.22. the phrase ―impinging on‖(line 2，para.2) is closest in meaning to【a】heightening the value of【b】indicating the state of【c】losing faith in【d】doing harm to23. which of the following is true of the fashion industry？【a】the french measures have already failed.【b】new standards are being set in denmark.【c】models are no longer under peer pressure.【d】its inherent problems are getting worse.24. a designer is most likely to be rejected by cfw for【a】pursuing perfect physical conditions【b】caring too much about model‘s character.【c】showing little concern for health factors【d】setting a high age threshold for models.25. which of the following may be the best title of the text?【a】a challenge to the fashion industry‘s body ideals【b】a dilemma for the starving models in france【c】just another round of struggle for beauty【d】the great threats to the fashion industrytext 2for the first time in history more people live in towns than inthe country. in britain this has had a curious result. while polls show britons rate‖the【篇二：2000-2015年考研英语历年真题答案(英语一)】p class=txt>i cloze1、what2、concluded3、on4、compared5、samples6、insignificant7、know8、resemble 9、also10、perhaps 11、to12、drive13、rather than14、benefits 15、faster16、understand 17、contributory 18、tendency19、ethnic 20、seeii reading comprehensionpart a21.d ended his reign in embarrassment.22. c owing to the undoubted and respectable status23. a the role of the nobility in modern democracy24. b fails to change his lifestyle as advised.25. d carlos, a lesson for all monarchies26. c check suspects phone contents without being authorized.27.a disapproval28.a getting into ones residence29. c citizens privacy is not effectively protected30.b new technology requires reinterpretation of the constitution31.b journals are strengthening their statistical checks32.b marked33. d set an example for other journals34. c has room for further improvement35.a science joins push to screen statistics in papers36. d the consequences of the current sorting mechanism37. a more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking38. c was hardly convincing39. b generally distorted values40. d moral awareness matters in editing a newspaperpart b41.c if you are unfamiliar...42.e you make further inferences...43.d rather ,we ascribe meanings to...44.b factors such as...45.a are we studying that ...part c46）在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

历年考研英语真题及答案解析( 解密版)

[A] in that
[B] in which
[C] in order that
[D] in the way
13.He is ________ of an actor.
[A] anybody
[B] anyone
[C] somebody
[D] something
14.The captain apologized ________ to tell us more about the accident.
EXAMPLE:
I was caught ________ the rain yesterday.
[A] in
[B] by
[C] with
[D] at
ANSWER: [A]
1.No doctors could cure the patient ________ his strange disease.
[A] right
[B] definite
[C] fixed
[D] final
6.We can rely on William to carry out this mission, for his judgment is always ________.
[A] unquestionable
[B] sound
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I: Structure and Vocabulary
In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (15 points)

考研英语一阅读真题及答案

考研英语一阅读真题及答案在考研英语一阅读部分，真题是进行备考准备的重要素材之一。

通过研究过去几年的考研英语一阅读真题，可以掌握大致的考点和题型，提高备战能力。

本文将为大家提供一些考研英语一阅读真题及答案的参考。

一、历年真题概述考研英语一阅读真题通常由三篇长文组成，涵盖不同领域的文章，如社会科学、自然科学、历史文化等。

每篇文章后都跟随几道问题，考查阅读理解以及相关语言点的运用。

二、真题示例及答案解析以下是某年考研英语一阅读真题及答案，供大家参考。

Passage 1:The British refer to it as climate change, while in America, it is commonly known as global warming. Regardless of its name, research on climate change has been a hot topic in recent years.According to a study conducted by British scientists, global warming is having a significant impact on the frequency and severity of storms. The study found that rising temperatures are causing more water to evaporate from the oceans, leading to an increase in storm intensity. This has already resulted in more frequent and severe hurricanes and typhoons in many partsof the world.Furthermore, the study also suggests that global warming may lead to an increase in droughts. As temperatures rise, the evaporation rate of moisture from the soil also increases, leading to drier conditions. This can have disastrous effects on agriculture and the availability of water resources.Question 1: According to the passage, how are rising temperatures affecting storms?A. They are causing more water to evaporate from the oceans.B. They are decreasing the severity of hurricanes and typhoons.C. They are reducing the frequency of storms.D. They are increasing the availability of water resources.答案解析：根据文章可知，升温导致了更多的水汽从海洋蒸发，这会导致风暴的强度增加。

历年考研英语真题与答案

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I: Structure and VocabularyIn each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)EXAMPLE:I was caught ________ the rain yesterday.[A] in[B] by[C] with[D] atANSWER: [A]l.Those two families have been quarrelling ________ each other for many years.[A] to[B] between[C] against[D] with2.There are many things whose misuse is dangerous, bur it is hard to think of anything that can be compared ________ tobacco products.[A] in[B] with[C] among[D] by3.“How often have you seen cases like this?” one surgeon asked another. “Oh, ________ times, I guess,” was the reply.[A] hundred of[B] hundreds[C] hundreds of[D] hundred4.Give me your telephone number ________ I need your help.[A] whether[B] unless[C] so that[D] in case5.You sang well last night. We hope you’ll sing ________.[A] more better[B] still better[C] nicely[D] best6.Those people ________ a general understanding of the present situation.[A] lack of[B] are lacking of[C] lack[D] are in lack7.Alone in a desert house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt ________lonely.[A] nothing but[B] anything but[C] all but[D] everything but8.Grace ________ tears when she heard the sad news.[A] broke in[B] broke into[C] broke off[D] broke through9.She refused to ________ the car keys to her husband until he had promised to wear his safety belt.[A] hand in[B] hand out[C] hand down[D] down10. Michael found it difficult to get his British jokes ________ to American audiences.[A] around[B] over[C] across[D] down11. The book contained a large ________ of information.[A] deal[B] amount[C] number[D] sum12. Nowadays advertising costs are no longer in reasonable ________ to the total cost of the product.[A] proportion[B] correlation[C] connection[D] correspondence13. When she saw the clouds she went back to the house to ________ her umbrella.[A] carry[B] fetch[C] bring[D] reach14. We must ________ that the experiment is controlled as rigidly as possible.[A] assure[B] secure[C] ensure[D] issue15. He was knocked down by a car and badly ________.[A] injured[B] damaged[C] harmed[D] ruinedSection II: Reading ComprehensionEach of the three passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)Text 1In May l989, space shuttle “Atlantis” released in outer space the space probe “Megallan,” which is now on her 15-month and one-billion-kilometer flight to Venus. A new phase in space exploration has begun.The planet Venus is only slightly smaller than Earth; it is the only other object in the solar system, in fact, that even comes close to earth’s size. Venus has a similar density, so it is probably made of approximately the same stuff, and it has an atmosphere, complete with clouds. It is also the closest planet to earth, and thus the most similar in distance from the sun. In short, Venus seems to justify its long-held nickname of “earth’s twin.”The surface temperature of Venus reaches some 900F. Added to that is an atmospheric pr essure about 90 times Earth’s: High overhead in the carbon dioxide (CO2) that passes for air is a layer of clouds, perhaps 10 to 20 miles thick, whose little drops consist mostly of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Water is all but nonexistent.Born with so many fundamental similarities to earth, how did Venus get to be so radically different: It is not just an academic matter. For all its extremes, Venus is a valuable laboratory for researchers studying the weather and climate of earth. It has no earth’s oceans, so the heat transport and other mechanisms are greatly simplified. In addition, the planet Venus takes 243 earth-days to turn once on its axis, so incoming heat from the sun is added and distributed at a more leisurely, observable pace.16. Venus is similar to Earth in ________.[A] size and density[B] distance from the sun[C] having atmosphere[D] all of the above17. The greatest value in studying Venus should be to ________.[A] allow us to visit there[B] understand Earth better[C] find a new source of energy[D] promote a new space program18. The main idea of this passage is about ________.[A] problems of space travel[B] scientific methods in space exploration[C] the importance of Venus to Earth[D] conditions on VenusText 2Tourists were surpris ed to see a woman driving a huge orange tractor down one of Rome’s main avenues. Italy’s political leaders and some of its male union chiefs are said to have been even more puzzled to see that the tractor was followed by about 200,000 women in a parading procession that took more than three hours to snake through central Rome.Shouting slogans, waving flags and dancing to drumbeats, the women had come to the capital from all over Italy to demonstrate for “a job for each of us, a different type of job, and a society without violence.” So far, action to improve women’s opportunities inemployment has been the province of collective industrial bargaining. “But there is a growing awareness that this is not enough,” says a researcher on female labor at the government-funded Institute for the Development of Professional Training for Workers.Women, who constitute 52 per cent of Italy’s population, today represent only 35 per cent of Italy’s total workforce and 33 per cent of the total number of Italians with jobs. However, their presence in the workplace is growing. The employment of women is expanding considerably in services, next to the public administration and commerce as their principal workplace. Official statistics also show that women have also made significant strides in self-employment. More and more women are going into business for themselves. Many young women are turning to business because of the growing overall in employment. It is also a fact that today many prejudices have disappeared, so that banks and other financial institutes make judgments on purely business considerations without caring if it is a man or a woman.Such changes are occurring in the professions too. The number of women doctors, dentists, lawyers, engineers and university professors increased two to three fold. Some of the changes are immediately visible. For example, women have appeared on the scene for the first time as state police, railway workers and street cleaner.However, the present situation is far from satisfactory though some progress has been made. A breakthrough in equal opportunities for women is now demanded.19.The expression “snake through central Rome” probably means “to move ________[A] quietly through central Rome.”[B] violently through central Rome.”[C] in a long winding line through central Rome.”[D] at a leisurely pace through central Rome.”20. Which of the following statements is NOT true?[A] There are more women than men in Italy.[B] In Italy, women are chiefly employed in services.[C] In Italy, women are still at a disadvantage in employment.[D] In Italy, about two-thirds of the jobs are held by men.21. About 200,000 women in Rome demonstrated for ________.[A] more job opportunities[B] a greater variety of jobs[C] “equal job, equal pay”[D] both A and B22. The best title for this passage would be ________.[A] The Role of Women is Society[B] Women Demonstrate for Equality in Employment[C] Women as Self-employed Professionals[D] Women and the Jobs MarketText 3The old idea that talented chi ldren “burn themselves out” in the early years, and, therefore, are subjected to failure and at worst, mental illness is unfounded. As a matter of fact, the outstanding thing that happens to bright kids is that they are very likely to grow into bright adults.To find this out, l, 500 gifted persons were followed up to their thirty-fifth year with these results:On adult intelligence tests, they scored as high as they had as children. They were, as a group, in good health, physically and mentally. 84 per cent of their group were married and seemed content with their lives.About 70 per cent had graduated from college, though only 30 per cent had graduatedwith honors. A few had even dropped out, but nearly half of these had returned to graduate. Of the men, 80 per cent were in one of the professions or in business management or semiprofessional jobs. The women who had remained single had office, business, or professional occupations.The group had published 90 books and 1,500 articles in scientific, scholarly, and literary magazines and had collected more than 100 patents.In a material way they did not do badly either. Average income was considerably higher among the gifted people, especially the men, than for the country as a whole, despite their comparative youth.In fact, far from being strange, most of the gifted were turning their early promise into practical reality.23.The old idea that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years is ________.[A] true in all senses[B] refuted by the author[C] medically proven[D] a belief of the author24. The survey of bright children was made to ________.[A] find out what had happened to talented children when they became adults[B] prove that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years[C] discover the percentage of those mentally ill among the gifted[D] prove that talented children never burn themselves out25. Intelligence tests showed that ________.[A] bright children were unlikely to be mentally healthy[B] between childhood and adulthood there was a considerable loss of intelligence[C] talented children were most likely to become gifted adults[D] when talented children grew into adults, they made low scoresSection III: Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D], choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Read the whole passage before making your choice. (10 points)No one knows for sure what the world would be like in the year 2001. Many books have been written __26__ the future. But the 19th-century French novelist Jules Verne may be called a futurologist in the fullest __27__ of the word. In his fantastic novels “A Trip to the Moon” and “80 Days Around the World,” he described with detail the aeroplane and even the helicopter. These novels still have a great attraction __28__ young readers of today because of their bold imagination and scientific accuracy.Below is a description of what our life will be in the year 2001 as predicted by a __29__ writer.In 2001, in the home, cookers will be set so that you can cook a complete meal at the touch of a switch.Television will provide information on prices at the __30__ shops as well as news and entertainment. Videophones will bring pictures as well as __31__ to telephone conversations. Machines will control temperature, lighting, entertainment, security alarms, laundry and gardening.Lighting will provide decoration as well as wallpaper.At work, robots will take __32__ most jobs in the manufacturing industries. Working hours will fall to under 30 hours a week. Holidays will get longer; six weeks will be the normal annual holiday. Men and women will retire at the same age.Our leisure will be different too. The home will become the center of entertainment through television and electronic games. More people will eat out in restaurants __33__ they do today; also they will have a much wider variety of food available. There will be a change of taste towards a more savoury-flavored menu. New synthetic foods will form a __34__ part of people’s diets.Foreign travel will __35__; winter holidays will become more popular than summer ones. Also non-stop flights from Britain to Australia and New Zealand will be easily available and much cheaper. Education will become increasingly more important than ever before.26. [A] in[B] of[C] about[D] for27. [A] sense[B] meaning[C] detail[D] implication28. [A] for[B] of[C] on[D] towards29. [A] today[B] nowadays[C] present-day[D] present30. [A] near[B] nearby[C] nearly[D] nearer31. [A] noise[B] sound[C] tone[D] tune32. [A] to[B] away[C] off[D] over33. [A] than[B] as[C] when[D] while34. [A] usual[B] popular[C] daily[D] regular35. [A] add[B] increase[C] raise[D] ariseSection IV: Error-detection and CorrectionEach of the following sentences has four underlined parts. These parts are labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Identify the part of sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down your correction on the line in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)EXAMPLE:You have to hurry up if you want to buy something because [A] there’s [B] hardly something [C] left. [D]ANSWER: [C] anything36. Alice was having [A] trouble to control [B] the children because there were [C] so many[D] of them.37. We were very much surprised [A] that the [B] village was such [C] long way from [D] the road.38.John’s chance of being elected [A] chairman [B] of the committee is far [C] g reater than Dick [D].39.“We have won [A] a [B] great victory on [C] our enemy [D],” the captain said.40. There are many valuable services [A] which the public are willing to pay for [B], but which does not bring [C] a return in money [D] to the community.41. The law I am referring [A] require that everyone [B] who owns [C] a car have [D] accident insurance.42.“I considered it [A] a honor [B] to be invited to address [C] the meeting of world-famous[D] scientists,” said Professor Leacock.43. He was seeing [A] somebody creeping [B] into the house through [C] the open [D] window last night.44. The reason for [A] all the [B] changes being made [C] has not explained [D] to us yet.45. Even though [A] the children pretended asleep [B], the nurses were not deceived [C] when[D] they came into the room.Section V: Verb FormsFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs given in the brackets. Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)EXAMPLE:It is highly desirable that a new president ________ (appointed) for this college. ANSWER: (should) be appointed46. Buying clothes ________ (be) very time-consuming as you rarely find things that fit you nicely.47. They keep telling us it is of utmost importance that our representative ________ (send) to the conference on schedule.48. I must call your attention to the directions. Read them carefully and act as ________ (instruct).49. Emma said in her letter that she would appreciate ________ (hear) from you soon.50. I ________ (call) to make a n airline reservation, but I didn’t.51. If Greg had tried harder to reach the opposite shore, we ________ (not have) to pick him up in the boat.52. After twenty years abroad, William came back only ________ (find) his hometown severely damaged in an earthquake.53. The lecture ________ (begin), he left his seat so quietly that no one complained thathis leaving disturbed the speaker.54. The children were surprised when the teacher had them ________ (close) their books unexpectedly.55. A new road will be built here, and therefore a number of existing houses ________ (have to destroy).Section VI: Chinese-English TranslationTranslate the following into English (15 points)56. 你应该仔细核对全部资料，以避免严重错误。

考研英语二2010-2019历年真题及答案解析

2010年考研英语二真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic__1__ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert__2__an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising__3__in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is "__4__" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, __5__ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the __6__ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global __7__ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths __8__ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to __9__ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade __10__ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was __11__ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the__12__ tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has __13__ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials __14__Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began__15__orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is __16__ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those __17__doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not__18__for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other __19__. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people __20__ infants and healthy young people.1 [A] criticized [B] appointed [C]commented [D] designated2 [A] proceeded [B] activated [C] followed [D] prompted3 [A] digits [B] numbers [C] amounts [D] sums4 [A] moderate [B] normal [C] unusual [D] extreme5 [A] with [B] in [C] from [D] by6 [A] progress [B] absence [C] presence [D] favor7 [A] reality [B] phenomenon [C] concept [D] notice8. [A]over [B] for [C] among [D] to9 [A] stay up [B] crop up [C] fill up [D] cover up10 [A] as [B] if [C] unless [D] until11 [A] excessive [B] enormous [C] significant [D]magnificent12 [A]categories [B] examples [C] patterns [D] samples13 [A] imparted [B] immerse [C] injected [D] infected14 [A] released [B] relayed [C] relieved [D] remained15 [A] placing [B] delivering [C] taking [D] giving16 [A] feasible [B] available [C] reliable [D] applicable17 [A] prevalent [B] principal [C] innovative [D] initial18 [A] presented [B] restricted [C] recommended [D] introduced19 [A] problems [B] issues [C] agonies [D] sufferings20 [A] involved in [B] caring for [C] concerned with [D] warding off SectionSection Ⅱ Reading comprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B ,C and D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ā70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that foll owed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21. In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory” because ____.A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22. By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable” (Para. 3), the author suggeststhat_____.A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB. people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD. works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23. Which of the following statements is NOT ture?A. Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C. The art market generally went downward in various ways.D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A. auction houses' favoritesB. contemporary trendsC. factors promoting artwork circulationD. styles representing Impressionists25. The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A. Fluctuation of Art PricesB. Up-to-date Art AuctionsC. Art Market in DeclineD. Shifted Interest in ArtsText2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -- a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true" he explained. "When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late '70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed -- but only a few of the men -- gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year -- a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me" "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.26. What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A. Talking to them.B. Trusting them.C. Supporting their careers.D. Shsring housework.27. Judging from the context ,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .A. generating motivation.B. exerting influenceC. causing damageD. creating pressure28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A. men tend to talk more in public tan womenB. nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC. women attach much importance to communication between couplesD. a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29. Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text ?A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists .B. Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities.C. Husband and wofe have different expectations from their marriage.D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30. In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on ______A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB. a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerTxet3over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors —habits —among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private ind ustry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever —had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corpora tions could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins —are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31. According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually[C] are deepiy rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns32. Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impact on people’habits[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C]indicate their effect on people’buying power[D]manifest the significant role of good habits33. which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilver34. From the text wekonw that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to _____[A]perfected art of products[B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35. the author’sattitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of strauder v. West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personlly asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36. From the principles of theUS jury system,welearn that ______[A]both litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37. The practice of selecting so—called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____[A]the inadcquavy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures38. Even in the 1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40. in discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and developmentPart BDirections:Read the following text and decide whether each of the statements is true or false. Choose T if the statement is true or F it the statement is not true. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Copying Birds May Save Aircraft FuelBOTH Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference. But a group of researchers at Stanford University, led by Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use, and it would not require them to buy new aircraft.The answer, says Dr Kroo, lies with birds. Since 1914, and a seminal paper by a German researcher called Carl Wieselsberger, scientists have known that birds flying in formation—a V-shape, echelon or otherwise—expend less energy. The air flowing over a birds wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as up wash. Other birds flying in the up wash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themselves. Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern California ,has suggested that a formation of 25 birds might enjoy a range increase of 71%.When applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different. Dr Kroo and his team modelled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and Las Vegas were to rendezvous over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally swap places so all could have a turn in the most favourable positions, and proceed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15% less fuel (with a concomitant reduction in carbon-dioxide output). Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter.There are, of course, kinks to be worked out. One consideration is safety, or at least the perception of it. Would passengers feel comfortable travelling in convoy? Dr Kroo points out that the aircraft couldbe separated by several nautical miles, and would not be in the unnervingly cosy groupings favoured by display teams like the Red Arrows. A passenger peering out of the window might not even see the other planes. Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation. Organisation has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines.It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient. In zones of increased turbulence, the planes’ wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. Dr Kroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flights.As it happens, America’s armed forces are on the case already. Earlier this year the country’s Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency announced plans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight, though the programme has yet to begin. There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the second world war, but Dr Lissaman says they are apocryphal. “My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of a Lancaster lost over Berlin,” he adds. So he should know.41. Findings of the Stanford University researchers will promote the sales of new Boeing and Airbus aircraft.42. The upwash experience may save propelling energy as well as reducing resistance.43.Formation flight is more comfortable because passengers can not see the other planes.44. The role that weather plays in formation flight has not yet been clearly defined.45. It has been documented that during World War II, A merica’s armed forces once tried formation flight to save fuel.Section Ⅲ Translation46.Directions: In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability” has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d been though the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.It didn’t go well. “It was a really had move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll trun the corner, give it some time.’”Section Ⅳ WritingPart A47.Directions: You have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to your American colleague to1)Express your thanks for his/her warm reception;2) Welcome him/her to visit China in due course.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) Interpret the chart and2)Give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)2010年考研英语二答案Section I USE of English1 [D]2 [C]3 [B]4 [A]5 [A]6 [B]7 [D]8 [C]9 [B] 10 [A]11[C] 12 [D] 13 [D] 14 [A] 15 [C] 16 [B] 17 [D] 18 [C] 19 [A] 20 [B]Section II Reading Comprehension21 D选【D】，因为第一段段尾句As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy. 即雷曼兄弟公司破产。

-历年考研英语真题集含答案(word版)

1980-2013年历年考研英语真题集含答案（word版）目录2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题- 2 -Section Ⅰ Use of English - 2 -Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension - 3 -Part A - 3 -Part B - 8 -Section III Writing - 11 -Party A - 11 -Part B - 11 -2013年考研英语真题答案- 12 -Part A - 12 -Part B: (20 points) - 13 -2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题- 13 -Section I Use of English - 13 -Section II Reading Comprehension - 15 -Part A - 15 -Part B - 21 -Section III Writing - 23 -Part A - 23 -Part B - 24 -2012考研英语真题答案 - 24 -2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题- 35 -Section I Use of English - 35 -Section II Reading Comprehension - 35 -Part A - 36 -Part B - 40 -Part C - 41 -Section Ⅲ Writing - 42 -Part A - 42 -Part B - 42 -2011年考研英语真题答案- 42 -2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题49Section I Use of English 49Section II Reading Comprehension 51Part A 51Part B 59Part C 61Section ⅢWriting 62Part A 62Part B 622010年考研英语真题答案632009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题65 Section I Use of English 65Section II Reading Comprehension 67Part A 67Part B 73Part C 75Section ⅢWriting 75Part A 75Part B 752009年考研英语真题答案752008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题75 Section I Use of English 75Section II Reading Comprehension 75Part A 75Part B 75Part C 77Section III Writing 78Part A 78Part B 782008年考研英语真题答案802007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题82 Section I Use of English 82Section II Reading Comprehension 85Part A 85Part B 92Part C 94Section III Writing 95Part A 95Part B 952007年考研英语真题答案962006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题98 Section I Use of English 98Section II Reading Comprehension 101Part A 101Part B 102Part C 102Section III Writing 102Part A 102Part B 1022006年考研英语真题答案1022005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题102 Section I Use of English 102Section II Reading Comprehension 103Part A 103Part B 110Part C 112Section III Writing 113Part A 113Part B 1132005年考研英语真题答案1152004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题117 Section I Listening Comprehension 117Part A 117Part B 117Part C 118Section II Use of English 120Section III Reading Comprehension 124 Part A 124Part B 130Section IV Writing 1322004年考研英语真题答案1332003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题135 Section I Listening Comprehension 135Part A 135Part B 135Part C 136Section II Use of English 138Section III Reading Comprehension 142 Part A 142Part B 149Section IV Writing 1492003年考研英语真题答案1512002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题153 Section I Listening Comprehension 153Part A 153Part B 154Part C 154Section II Use of English 157Section III Reading Comprehension 161 Part A 161Part B 168Section IV Writing 1682002年考研英语真题答案1702001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题172 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 172Part A 172Part B 174Section II Cloze Test 178Section III Reading Comprehension 182 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 189 Section V Writing 1902001年考研英语真题答案1922000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题194 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 194Part A 194Part B 196Part C 197Section II Cloze Test 202Section III Reading Comprehension 203 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 211 Section V Writing 2122000年考研英语真题答案2131999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题215 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 215Part A 215Part B 217Part C 218Section II Cloze Test 222Section III Reading Comprehension 224 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 232 Section V Writing 2321999年考研英语真题答案2341998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题236 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 236Part A 236Part B 238Part C 239Section II Cloze Test 243Section III Reading Comprehension 245Section IV English-Chinese Translation 253 Section V Writing 2541998年考研英语真题答案2561997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题258 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 258Part A 258Part B 260Part C 261Section II Cloze Test 265Section III Reading Comprehension 267 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 274 Section V Writing 2751997年考研英语真题答案2771996年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题279 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 279Part A 279Part B 281Part C 282Section II Cloze Test 286Section III Reading Comprehension 288 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 295 Section V Writing 2961996年考研英语真题答案2971995年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题299 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 299Part A 299Part B 301Part C 302Section II Cloze Test 306Section III Reading Comprehension 308 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 315 Section V Writing 3161995年考研英语真题答案3171994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题319 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 319Part A 319Part B 321Part C 322Section II Cloze Test 326Section III Reading Comprehension 328 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 335Section V Writing 3351994年考研英语真题答案3371993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题339 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 339 Section II Reading Comprehension 344 Section III Cloze Test 349Section IV Error-detection and Correction 352 Section V English-Chinese Translation 354 Section VI Writing 3541993年考研英语真题答案3561992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题358 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 358 Section II Reading Comprehension 363 Section III Cloze Test 368Section IV Error-detection and Correction 370 Section V English-Chinese Translation 372 Section VI Writing 3731992年考研英语真题答案3741991年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题376 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 376 Section II Reading Comprehension 381 Section III Cloze Test 386Section IV Error-detection and Correction 389 Section V English-Chinese Translation 390 Section VI Writing 3911991年考研英语真题答案3921990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题394 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 394 Section II Reading Comprehension 396 Section III Cloze Test 400Section IV Error-detection and Correction 402 Section V Verb Forms 404Section VI Chinese-English Translation 404 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 405 1990年考研英语真题答案4071989年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题409 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 409 Section II Reading Comprehension 411 Section III Cloze Test 416Section IV Error-detection and Correction 418 Section V Verb Forms 419Section VI Chinese-English Translation 420 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 420 1989年考研英语真题答案4221988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题424 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 424 Section II Reading Comprehension 426 Section III Cloze Test 431Section IV Error-detection and Correction 433 Section V Verb Forms 434Section VI Chinese-English Translation 435 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 435 1988年考研英语真题答案4371987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题439 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 439 Section II Reading Comprehension 441 Section III Structure and Vocabulary 445 Section IV Cloze Test 447Section V Verb Forms 449Section VI Error-detection and Correction 450 Section VII Chinese-English Translation 452 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 452 1987年考研英语真题答案4541986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题456 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 456 Section II Cloze Test 458Section III Reading Comprehension 460 Section IV Structure and Vocabulary 463 Section V Error-detection and Correction 465 Section VI Verb Forms 467Section VII Chinese-English Translation 467 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 468 1986年考研英语真题答案4691985年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题471 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 471 Section II Cloze Test 473Section III Reading Comprehension 476 Section IV Structure and Vocabulary 477 Section V Error-detection and Correction 479 Section VI Verb Forms 480Section VII Chinese-English Translation 481 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 4821985年考研英语真题答案4841984年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题487 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 487 Section II Cloze Test 492Section III Reading Comprehension 494 Section IV Structure and Vocabulary 495 Section V Error-detection and Correction 497 Section VI Verb Forms 499Section VII Chinese-English Translation 500 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 500 1984年考研英语真题答案5021983年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题505 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 505 Section II Verb Forms 507Section III Error-detection 507Section IV Cloze Test 508Section V Reading Comprehension 511 Section VI Structure and Vocabulary 512 Section VII Chinese-English Translation 514 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 514 1983年考研英语真题答案5161982年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题518 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 518 Section II Verb Forms 520Section III Error-detection 521Section IV Cloze Test 522Section V Reading Comprehension 524 Section VI Chinese-English Translation 526 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 526 1982年考研英语真题答案5291981年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题531 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 531 Section II Error-detection 534Section III Sentence Making 535Section IV Verb Forms 535Section V Cloze Test 536Section VI Chinese-English Translation 537 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 537 1981年考研英语真题答案5401980年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题543 Section I Use of Prepositions 543Section II Verb Tenses 543Section III Verb Forms 544Section IV Structure and Vocabulary 545Section V Error-detection 547Section VI Chinese-English Translation 548Section VII English-Chinese Translation 5481980年考研英语真题答案5512013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1.[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers2.[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle[D] Above all5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather16.[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal-- meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that--and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores aroundthe world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year--about 64 items per person--and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes--and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment--including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line--Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D]lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:[A] ease competition among themselves[B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D]provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers[B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis[D]internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D]goes against human nature29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A] indulgence[B] understanding[C] appreciaction[D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence .Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are[A] a sustained species[B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world’s dominant power[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field”and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with .Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states’ interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states’ support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The social sciences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security,sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and。

历年考研英语真题及答案

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试——英语试题及答案Part I Structure and VocabularySection ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked［A],［B］,［C］and［D］. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points) Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times _______ 1979.［A］from ［B］after ［C］for ［D］sinceThe sentence should read, “I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.”Therefore, you should choose ［D］Sample Answer ［A］［B］［C］［■］1.If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I______ my head in my hands fora cry.［A］bury ［B］am burying ［C］buried ［D］would bury2.Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port _______ half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.［A］to announce ［B］announced ［C］announcing ［D］was announced3.According to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself ap parent, so one ______ wait instead of searching for it.［A］would rather ［B］had to ［C］cannot but ［D］had best4.She felt suitably humble just as she _______ when he had first taken a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed.［A］had ［B］had had ［C］would have had ［D］has had5.There was no sign that Mr Jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despite from _______ leadership of it, would intervene personally.［A］being resigned ［B］having resigned ［C］going to resign［D］resign6.So involved with their computers _______ that leaders at summer computer caps often have to force them to break for sports and games.［A］became the cildren ［B］become the children ［C］had the children become ［D］do the children become7.The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is _______ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.［A］everything except ［B］anything but ［C］no less than ［D］nothing more than8.One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match._______ this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation.［A］By ［B］In ［C］No less than ［D］Nothing more than9.Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to _______ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself. ［A］as ［B］which ［C］that ［D］what10.Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions,_______ they Christian,Islamic, Buddhist,Jewish, and so on.［A］be ［B］being ［C］were ［D］areSection BDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found _______ in the woods off the highway.［A］vanished ［B］scattered ［C］abandoned ［D］rejectedThe sentence should read, “The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in thewo ods off the highway.”Therefore, you should choose ［C］.Sample Answer［A］［B］［■］［D］11.He is too young to be able to _______ between right and wrong.［A］discard ［B］discern ［C］disperse ［D］disregard12.It was no _______ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery. ［A］coincidence ［B］convention ［C］certainty ［D］complication13.One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships _______ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.［A］cautiously ［B］dutifully ［C］faithfully ［D］skillfully14.The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be the _______ welfare of his animals.［A］critical about ［B］indignant at ［C］indifferent to ［D］subject to15.The chairman of the board _______ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.［A］compelled ［B］posed ［C］pressed ［D］tempted16.It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with _______ .［A］for long ［B］in and out ［C］once for all ［D］by natureing extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in _______ and lack of unity in style.［A］conflict ［B］confrontation ［C］disturbance ［D］disharmony18.The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once _______ .［A］thrived ［B］swelled ［C］prospered ［D］flourished19.However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to _______ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.［A］overturn ［B］overtake ［C］offset ［D］oppress20.Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is _______ . ［A］firm ［B］company ［C］corporation ［D］enterprise21.When any non human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately recognizes it as _______ .［A］novel ［B］remote ［C］distant ［D］foreign22.My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I _______ at a garage sale.［A］trifled with ［B］scraped through ［C］stumbled upon ［D］thirsted for23.Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could _______ .［A］descend ［B］decline ［C］deteriorate ［D］depress24.Equipment not ______ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop. ［A］conforming to ［B］consistent with ［C］predominant over［D］providing for25.As an industry, biotechnology stands to _______ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact by 2020.［A］contend ［B］contest ［C］rival ［D］strive26.The authors of the United States constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving ______for the states and liberty for individuals. ［A］autonomy ［B］dignity ［C］monopoly ［D］stability27.For three quarters of its span on Earth, life evolved almost _______ as microorganisms. ［A］precisely ［B］instantly ［C］initially ［D］exclusively28.The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow _______ , particularly in Western Europe.［A］obscure ［B］obsolete ［C］optional ［D］overlapping29.Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just _______ and needs proving.［A］spontaneous ［B］hypothetical ［C］intuitive ［D］empirical30.The future of this company is _______ : many of its talented employees are flowing into more profitable net based businesses.［A］at odds ［B］in trouble ［C］in vain ［D］at stakePart Ⅱ Cloze TestDirection:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 33 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 34 and will strictly control the amount of 35 that can be given to a case 36 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 37 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation didnot 38 sufficient control.39 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 40 of media protest when he said the41 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 42 to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 43 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 44 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 45 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “Press freedoms will be in safe hands 46 our British judges," he said.Witness payments became an 47 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 48 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Conerns were raised 49 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 50 guilty verdicts.31.［A］as to ［B］for instance ［C］in particular ［D］such as32.［A］tightening ［B］intensifying ［C］focusing ［D］fastening33.［A］sketch ［B］rough ［C］preliminary ［D］improper34.［A］illogical ［B］illegal ［C］improbable ［D］improper35.［A］publicity ［B］penalty ［C］popularity ［D］peculiarity36.［A］since ［B］if ［C］before ［D］as37.［A］sided ［B］shared ［C］complied ［D］agreed38.［A］present ［B］offer ［C］manifest ［D］indicate39.［A］Release ［B］Publication ［C］Printing ［D］Exposure40.［A］storm ［B］rage ［C］flare ［D］flash41.［A］translation ［B］interpretation ［C］exhibition ［D］demonstration42.［A］better than ［B］other than ［C］rather than ［D］sooner than43.［A］changes ［B］makes ［C］sets ［D］turns44.［A］binding ［B］convincing ［C］restraining ［D］sustaining45.［A］authorized ［B］credited ［C］entitled ［D］qualified46.［A］with ［B］to ［C］from ［D］by47.［A］impact ［B］incident ［C］inference ［D］issue48.［A］stated ［B］remarked ［C］said ［D］told49.［A］what ［B］when ［C］which ［D］that50.［A］assure ［B］confide ［C］ensure ［D］guaranteePart Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers ［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)Passage 1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs inscience: exceptions can be found to any rule. Neverthelss, the word `amateur' does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widesprad introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, where as the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.51.The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in scien -ces such as _______ .［A］sociology and chemistry［B］physics and psychology［C］sociology and psychology［D］physics and chemistry52.We can infer from the passage that _______.［A］there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation［B］amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science［C］professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community［D］amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones53.The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate _______.［A］the process of specialisation and professionalisation［B］the hardship of amateurs in scientific study［C］the change of policies in scientific publications［D］the discrimination of professionals against amateurs54.The direct reason for specialisation is _______。

历年考研英语真题及答案

历年考研英语真题及答案【篇一：2013年考研英语真题及答案(完整版)】icture [d] moment4.[a] for example [b] on average [c] in principle [d] above all5.[a] fond [b]fearful [c] capable [d] thoughtless6.[a] in [b] on [c] to [d] for7.[a] if [b]until [c] though [d] unless8.[a] promote [b]emphasize [c] share [d] test9.[a] decision [b] quality [c] status [d] success10.[a] chosen [b]stupid [c]found [d] identified11.[a] exceptional [b] defensible [c] replaceable [d] otherwise12.[a] inspired [b]expressed [c] conducted [d] secured13.[a] assigned [b]rated [c] matched [d] arranged14.[a] put [b]got [c]gave [d] took15.[a]instead [b]then [c] ever [d] rather16.[a]selected [b]passed [c] marked [d] introduced17.[a]before [b] after [c] above [d] below18.[a] jump [b] float [c] drop [d] fluctuate19.[a]achieve [b]undo [c] maintain [d]disregard20. [a] promising [b] possible [c] necessary [d] helpful答案：1-5: adcab6-10: badda11-15: dcbdb16-20: cacbc答案详解：2013年的完型填空是一篇选自《经济学人》名为a question of judgment的文章。

考研英语二历年真题及答案

2002 Directions：Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET．Since 1981,farmers in Holland have been encouraged to adopt“green”farming techniques that were thought to benefit plant and bird life．Farmers who have voluntarily adopted these measures are compensated by the European Union．The goal of the program is to work against the negative effects of modem fanning,such as declines in species diversity and the disturbance of local nesting grounds．The“green”methods of farming cost the European Union about billion Euros annually．This is about 4 percent of the budget for“Common Agricultural Policy,”and the compensation is expected to rise to 10 percent within the next few years．Various forms of“green farming”employed around the world have proved successful, and all new methods thought to be environmentally sensitive should be subject to sound scientific evaluation to determine whether they are actually meeting the intended goals．Part V Writing30 minutes,15 pointsDirections：You are to write in no less than 120 words about the title “What I Consider Important in Life”．Your composition should be based on the Chinese outline given below．1．人生有不同的目标：富有、名气、地位、幸福的家庭等…2．其中我认为重要的是…；理由是…3．结论…2003Paper TwoPart V Translation 30 minutes, 15 pointsDirections: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.The generation gap is so great in Hong Kong that the teenagers there rarely turn to their parents or teachers for advice on anything. Whether it be sex, AIDS, school worries or family problems, adults are not considered up to the job.Until now, no one has asked Hong Kong youth, “What do you think” Some understanding of the emotions of Hong Kong’s youth, however, has com e from the work of Dr. Jeffrey Day－at the University of Hong Kong. His survey of young people does not focus, for example, on how many drugs they take-but tries to answer the question why.Dr. Day hopes the results, which he plans to explain in full next week, will reveal what troubles－as well as pleases－today’s high-school students. Conclusions will be passed on not only to government departments but back to the schools which took part.Part VI Writing 30 minutes, 15 pointsDirections: You are to write in no less than 120 words about the title “Lifelong Learning”. You should base your composition on the Chineseoutline given below:1.终身学习对每个人的重要性;2.终身学习的方式有多种…3.你认为你应该采取哪种方式, 为什么2004Paper TwoPart V Transl ation 3 0 minutes,l 5 pointsDirections：Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEETOne of the really nice features about e-mails is that they allow us to send files as attachments to other users．This is a very good thing．If I’m working with a colleague and want to send him an image file or a word file,I can do so very quickly and easily,without having to fax it to him．This saves on long distance bills and printing costs．It also,however,presents a problem,because attachments can take a long time to download．For those of us who pay by the hour for Internet service,unwanted attachments can be quite costly and time-consuming．I once had someone send me fifteen large image files,and it tied up my computer for 20 minutes just to download one of them．So,in short,if you’re going to send an attachment,get permission first．Part VI Writing 30 minutes,15 pointsDirections：You are to write in no less than 120 words on the title of “College Students Should NotBe Permitted to Live Off Campus”．You are totake a position, either for or against the matter, and give your reasons．You should base your composition on the following Chinese outline．近年来大学生在校外租房居住的现象越来越多,这个问题已引起社会各界的关注;人们对这一现象的看法不一,各持己见;1．你对这个问题的观点是…2．理由是……3．结论……2006Part V Translation 30 minutes, 10 pointsDirections:Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translationon the ANSWER SHEET.Each year in the United States more people are killed or injured in accidents--athome, at work or school, at play, or while traveling-than were killed or injured in theVietnam war. In the early 1990s. about half of these accidental deaths were the resultof motor-vehicle accidents. Other major causes of accidental deaths were falls, fires,and poisoning. On a worldwide basis, accidents involving motor vehicles are theprimary cause of accidental deaths, followed by accidents in industry and in the home.Efforts to lessen or to eliminate the hazardous conditions that cause accidents areknown as safely measures. Safety is a growing concern around the world, and safetyskills are being taken more seriously today than ever before. People have come torealize that safety skills can be learned, and most safety experts agree that it is possibleto predict, and take steps to prevent, the majority of accidents. Few accidents simply"happen". Most are caused by ignorance, carelessness, neglect, or lack of skill.Part VI Writing 30 minutes, 15 pointsDirections:You are to write in no less than 120 words about the topic "On theSignificance of the Qing-Zang Railroad". Your composition should be based on theChinese clues given below.青藏铁路于今年7月1日通车;请简单地谈谈青藏铁路建成和通车的重大意义,如经济、文化、旅游等方面;注：西藏：Tibet；西藏的、西藏人、藏语：Tibetan2007Part V Translation 30 minutes,10 pointsDirections: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation o n the ANSWER SHEET.Getting a proper amount of rest is absolutely essential for build ing your energy resources. If you frequently work far into the night o r have a poor sleep, it stands to reason that you may start to feel a little run down. Though everybody is different, most people need at le ast seven to eight hours of sleep per night in order to function at th eir best.If you have been lacking energy, try going to bed earlier at nigh t. If you can wake up feeling well-rested, it will be an indication th at you are starting to get an appropriate amount of sleep at night. If you sleep more than eight hours every night but still don't feel ener getic, you may actually be getting too much sleep.Once in while, you are bound to have nights where you don't get a n adequate amount of sleep. When your schedule permits you can also co nsider taking a short sleep during the day, for sometimes taking a nap is the perfect way to recharge your batteries.Part ⅥWriting 30 minutes,15 pointsDirections: You are to write in no less than 120 words on the topic”Entering C ollege: Help the Needy Youngsters to Achieve Their Dreams'. Your composition sh ould be based on the Chinese clues given below.中央电视台“圆梦行动”的公益节目旨在动员社会力量捐助贫困学子圆大学之梦;你的作文可以：1对贫困学于是否应受到捐助发表你的看法;或者2举一个贫困学子需要帮助的例子;Part IV Translation35 minutes,15 points第一句：Since 1981,farmers in Holland have been encouraged to adopt“green”farming techniques that were thought to benefit plant and bird life．译文：自1981年以来,荷兰农民受鼓励一直采用那些认为是有利于植物和鸟类的“绿色”耕种技术;注：1．本句句子结构较复杂,考生应该在认真分析句子结构的基础上进行翻译;主语是“farmers”,谓语部分使用的被动形式而且时态为现在完成时—“have been encouraged”;后面的不定式to引导的都是主语补足语;其中“that”引导的是一个定语从句修饰先行词“techniques”;2．在翻译本句时,切不可采用一字一句翻译;而是要根据中文的行文规范调整语序;而且要注意到中文和英文各自得语言特点;英文中多使用被动语态,而中文中多使用主动形式;所以本句中两处被动形式应该适当改变;第二句：The goal of the program is to work against the negative effects of modem farming, …译文：该项目的目的是消除现代农业所带来的负面影响,……注：1．本句中不定式短语做表语;2．介词“against”在这儿不要直译为“反对”,而是根据句子意思译为“消除”;第三句：Various forms of “green farming”employed around the world have proved successful, and all new methods thought to be environmentally sensitive should be subject to sound scientific evaluation to determine whether they are actually meeting the intended goals．译文：世界各地采用的各种形式的“绿色耕种”已证明是成功的;所有被认为对环境有影响的新方法都应该接受科学评估,以确定它们是否真正达到了预期日标;注：1．“and”连接的两个并列句;前一个句子中注意有一个过去分词短语“employed around the world”做后置定语;后一个句子同样也有一个过去分词短语“thought to be environmentally sensitive”做后置定语;注意翻译时,应把这两个后置定语翻译到主语的前面;2．be subject to本意为“受支配, 从属于, 可以……的, 常遭受……”,在这儿应该转译为“接受”;2003年试题参考答案及解析Part V Translation在香港,代沟的问题很严重,十几岁的孩子很少向父母或老师征询意见;不管是性、艾滋病、学校中遇到的麻烦,还是家庭问题,他们都认为大人们是帮不上任何忙的;迄今为止,没人问过香港的年轻人：“你在想什么”然而,香港大学的杰弗里·戴博士所做的研究使我们对香港年轻人的情感有了一些了解;他对年轻人的调查,重点不是问他们服用多少种毒品之类的问题,而是试图找到其中缘由;戴博士计划在下周全面解释研究的结果;他希望研究能揭示当今高中学生的喜和忧;研究结论不仅将送呈政府部门,也将通报参加这项调查的学校;Part VI WritingIn today’s society, life-long learning has become very important for everyone. This is because one needs to renew his knowledge continuously in order to meet the needs of his work and fast development of the society.There are several ways for one to take a life-long learning. One way is to take a part-time education program. It means that one is learning part time while he is working. The program could be at undergraduate level or graduate level. The second way is to study by oneself. You can learn whatever you need for yourwork on your own. You can learn from books, from TV programs or from Internet or radio.In my opinion, life-long learning is necessary for us. We should choose one of the ways mentioned above, which depends on your own personal preference and interest. I prefer the first one because this kind of learning is systematic and formal. With the help of the teachers, it is easier to learn and quicker to get what you need for your work.Part V Translation第一句：The generation gap is so great in Hong Kong that the teenagers there rarely turn to their parents or teachers for advice on anything.译文：在香港,代沟的问题很严重,以至于十几岁的孩子很少向父母或老师征询意见;注：1．本句中包含一个so…that…句型,意为“如此……以至于……”;2．generation gap 代沟；turn to 求助于;第二句：Whether it be sex, AIDS, school worries or family problems, adults are not considered up to the job.译文：不管是性、艾滋病、学校中遇到的麻烦,还是家庭问题,他们认为大人们都帮不上忙;注：1．whether引导的状语从句,表示“无论,不管”;2．注意要将主句adults are not considered up to the job中的被动变主动;3．注意不要将the job直译为这项工作;第三句：Until now, no one has asked Hong Kong youth, “What do you think”译文：迄今为止,没人问过香港的年轻人：“你在想什么”注：until now 迄今为止第四句：Some understanding of the emotions of Hong Kong’s youth, however, has come from the work of Dr. Jeffrey Day－at the University of Hong Kong.译文：然而,香港大学的杰弗里·戴博士所做的研究使我们对香港年轻人的情感有了一些了解;注：1．前先要理解come from含义：来自于……;2．注意本句语序的调整;为符合汉语表达习惯,必须将原句的主语和宾语调换位置;3．however是插入语,翻译时应提到句子最前面;第五句：His survey of young people does not focus, for example, on how many drugs they take—but tries to answer the question why.译文：他对年轻人的调查,重点不是问他们服用多少种毒品之类的问题,而是试图找到其中缘由;注：1．注意not…but…结构,意为“不是……而是……”;2．注意for example的翻译;本句是在句中的一个例子,如果译为“例如”句子就不太通顺,因此应译为“…之类的问题”更为恰当;3．注意answer the question why的翻译;这里应采用意译较好,译为“找到其中的缘由”;4．focus on 集中,重点是；take drugs 服用毒品注意不要译为吃药第六句：Dr. Day hopes the results, which he plans to explain in full next week, will reveal what troubles－as well as pleases－today’s high-school students. 译文：戴博士计划在下周全面解释研究的结果,他希望研究能揭示当今高中学生的喜和忧;注：1．首先分析一下句子结构：主干为：主语Dr. Day+谓语动词hopes+宾语从句；宾语从句的主语后面接了一个which引导的非限定性定语从句；该宾语从句中的宾语又是what引导的一个宾语从句;2．从整体上看,本句应采用分译法;先译定语从句,再译其它;3．注意what引导的宾语从句的翻译;首先, as well as连接并列成分；其次,注意将动词trouble和please转换成名词;第七句：Conclusions will be passed on not only to government departments but back to the schools which took part.译文：研究结论不仅将送呈政府部门,也将通报参加这项调查的学校;注：1．注意not only…but also…连接并列成份;2．要适当运用增词法;Conclusions应译为“研究结论”；the schools which took part后面省略了in the survey,翻译时应将其补充完整,即译为“参加这项调查的学校”;Part VI Writing 30 minutes, 15 points略2004年试题参考答案及解析Part V Translation电子邮件真正的优点之一就在于它允许我们以附件的形式给其他的用户发送文件,这一点非常好;比如,我和一个同事一起工作的时候,我想发一份图象文件或是文字文件给他,通过电子邮件就可以很方便很快捷地搞定,而不必使用传真;这就节省了长途费用和打印成本;但是,电子邮件也会带来问题;因为附件的下载可能需要很长时间;对于我们这些按小时支付网费的人来说,多余的附件可能是相当耗费时间和金钱的;我曾经接收过15个大的图片文件;我的电脑竟用了20分钟才载下来一个图片;所以,简言之,如果你要发附件给别人的话,事先一定要争得对方的许可;Part VI Writing 30 minutes,15 pointsIn recent years, the number of college students who live off campus has been increasing, which attracts the widespread attention in the whole society. As to this special phenomenon, different people have different opinions. As a person who was a student, I think this behavior should be banned. My reasons are as follows:The first and the most important one is that living off campus is not beneficial to study. Being college students, young people should spare no effort to study hard to broaden their horizons. Living off campus means they are away from classroom, library and laboratory. So it may bring much more trouble to them. Second, when college students live off campus they will be estranged from their classmates, which is harmful to their ability to communicate with others. Thus, majority of them don’t have good friends so that they are easy to feel lonely and unhappy. Third, their living off campus will put a financial burden on their family and themselves. In general, college students are still financed by their family. If they want to live off campus, they have to ask more money from their family and make money in their spare time. It is a heavy burden they have to shoulder.In a word, I don’t approve of college students’living off campus. It will disturb the students’ normal life. Therefore colleges should establish rules to ban college students’ living off campus.Part V Translation 3 0 minutes,l 5 points第一句：One of the really nice features about e-mails is that they allow us to send files as attachments to other users．译文：电子邮件真正的优点之一就在于它允许我们以附件的形式给其他的用户发送文件,这一点非常好;注：1．首先注意结构：句中包含一个that引导的表语从句;2．注意nice features不要直译为好的特点,应译成优点;3．注意as attachments 应译为以附件的形式;第二句：This is a very good thing．译文：这一点非常好;注：注意运用词性的转换：a very good thing可译为非常好,而不是一件非常好的事情; 第三句：If I’m working with a colleague and want to send him an image file or a word file,I can do so very quickly and easily,without having to fax it to him．译文：比如,我和一个同事一起工作的时候,我想发一份图象文件或是文字文件给他,通过电子邮件就可以很方便很快捷地搞定,而不必使用传真;注：1．首先搞清句子结构;主句是“I can do so very quickly and easily”, 前面是一个if 引导的条件状语从句,另外后面还包含一个without引出的介词短语做伴随状语;2．条件句中包含一个and连接的并列结构,可直接分译,无须将and译出；另外并列结构有时可根据具体情况处理成主从句,比如本句的前半部分就可译成时间状语从句;3．注意适当增减词语;减词：1send him an image file or a word file中后面的不定冠词可省去不译；2I can do so中的主语I 可省去不译；3fax it to him中的it to him均可省去不译;增词：翻译I can do so very quickly and easily一句时,根据上下文必须将“通过电子邮件”补充出来,否则句意表达不清;4．注意do so 是对前面发送文件的替换,这里可直接译成搞定或完成;第四句：This saves on long distance bills and printing costs．译文：这就节省了长途费用和打印成本;注：注意on long distance bills不要直译成长途帐单,应译为长途费用;第五句：It also,however,presents a problem,because attachments can take a long time to download．译文：但是,电子邮件也会带来问题,因为附件的下载可能需要很长时间;注：1．首先注意however应提到句首来译;2．注意要将代词it转译成它所代替的名词,即：电子邮件;3．注意语序的适当调整：attachments can take a long time to download中to download翻译时应提到主语位置;第六句：For those of us who pay by the hour for Internet service,unwanted attachments can be quite costly and time-consuming．译文：对于我们这些按小时支付网费的人来说,多余的附件可能是相当耗费时间和金钱的;注：1．首先注意those of us 后定语从句的翻译：应将其译到所修饰词的前面；另外pay by the hour是表示按小时付费;2．注意costly and time-consuming应译为：耗费时间和金钱;第七句：I once had someone send me fifteen large image files,and it tied up my computer for 20 minutes just to download one of them．译文：我曾经接收过15个大的图片文件,我的电脑用了20分钟,居然才载下来一个图片;注：1．had someone send me…表示“让某人发送给我…”,可转译为“我曾经接收过…”;2．it tied up my computer for 20 minutes注意不要直译成“束缚了我的电脑20分钟”,直接译成“我的电脑用了20分钟”即可;3．注意just或onlyto do 表示结果;4．one of them代词应译成它所代替的相应的名词,即：一个图片;第八句：So,in short,if you’re going to send an attachment,get permission first．译文：所以,简言之,如果你要发附件给别人的话,事先一定要争得对方的许可;注：1．in short意为“简而言之”;2．注意适当增词：如果你要发附件给别人的话,事先一定要争得对方的许可,括号中的词如略去的话,句子的表达就会显得不够完整; Part VI Writing 30 minutes, 15 points略2006年在职攻读MBA硕士学位研究生全国联考英语试题参考答案Part V Translation 30 minutes, 10 points在美国,每年因家庭、工作、学校、玩乐或旅行中的意外事故而伤或亡的人数比越战中的伤亡人数都多;二十世纪九十年代初期,约一半左右的意外死亡是汽车事故造成的的,此外,摔死、火灾和中毒也是主要原因;在世界范围内看,汽车造成的事故是意外死亡的首要根源,紧随其后的工业事故和家庭中的意外死亡;为减少或消除产生意外事故的危险而付出的努力称之之为安全措施;安全在全世界越来越受关注,安全技能正得到前所未有的重视;人们已经认识到,安全技能是可学的,大多数安全专家也一致认为,绝大部分意外事故是可预测的,也能采取措施加以避免;只有为数不多的意外事故是自己发生的,大多数则是愚昧、粗心、懈怠或缺乏技能带来的后果;Part VI Writing 30 minutes, 15 pointsIt is in Qinghai on July 1 that the Qing-Zang Railroad was completed and open to traffic officially. And in the same day, our President Hu Jingtao cut the ribbon personally at the opening ceremony. This great event made every Chinese all over the world extremely cheerful. As a main artery to Tibet and western regions, the Qing-Zhang Railroad is of great significance to China and Chinese people.Undoubtedly the significance of the Qing-Zang Railroad can be clearly seen not only in economy and culture but also in tourism. To begin with, the Qing-Zang Railroad will drive the economic development of the western part of China and attract more and more investors to invest in these areas. In addition, the Qing-Zang Railroad will foster the cultural and tourist development of Qinghai and Tibet. An increasing number of people from all over the world will come to Tibet and Qinghai for traveling, which will provide a good chance for the people in the world to know Tibet and Qinghai. As shown in our previous discussion, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that the Qing-ZangRailroad will bring China historic and realistic significance. Of course, we should not neglect the environmental and ecological protection while making full use of the Qing-Zang Railroad. 2112007年在职英语答案PartⅤTranslation 参考译文获得适量的休息对于积聚你的体能而言是绝对必要的．如果你经常工作到深夜或者睡眠不佳,那说明你可能开始感到有点疲乏;尽管因人而异,绝大多数人每晚需要至少7~8小时的睡眠,身体功能才会最佳;如果你一直缺乏精力,请尝试晚上早些就寝．如果你醒来时感到休息得很好,这说明你夜间的睡眠量已开始正常．如果你每晚的睡眠超过8小时,仍然不能感到精力充沛,实际上你可能睡眠过量了．你注定偶尔会有睡眠不足之夜;当你的作息时间允许时,你也可以考虑白天小睡,因为有时小睡片刻是为你的体能电池“再充电”的最佳方式．PartⅥWriting参考范文：Entering College: Help the Needy Youngsters to Achieve Their Dreams Though great importance is attached to public education, many qual ified students in poverty-stricken regions fail to enter university du e to economic reasons.These students are generally from the least developed part of our country. Only higher education can change their fate: they will be oth erwise just like their forefathers toiling in the fields day after day and seeing no future, which simply means the whole region will be stu ck in a vicious circle and its further development will be impossible. If the needy youngsters are to get support from the society, thewhole situation will be different. In universities, they will haveaccess to more information and advanced technology. Consequently,they can equip themselves with innovative creativity and adequateskills to serve their hometown and to return the support theybenefit from the society. 2010范文一：ONE 例文：Dear :I am writing you this letter to express my gratitude first for you kindness and hospitality towards me. During my visit of sino-American cultural exchange in your country, I've learned a lot about your people's custom and speical culture. Your help and guidance is so important for me.I'm now quite interested in american culture and hope to further know it in the future. As the world globalization developes, I think this is of great significance for both of us. The other thing is that I'd like to ask you to have a visit in china in due course. Then I can have the opportunity to welcome you back and show you something about our Chinese culture. Hope you can come soonYour sincerelyZhangwei。