Information Analysis and Business Intelligence Tools in Management Raman Rao
人力资源管理常见英文词汇
人力资源管理常见英文词汇人力资源管理常见英文单词人力资本：human capital工作投入 work/job engagement管理过程 management process直线管理者 line manager职能管理者 staff manager职能控制 functional control人事职能staff(service)function劳动力 labor(work)force劳资关系 labor relations公平就业机会 equal opportunity 反雇佣歧视行为affirmative action雇员健康与安全employee health and safety员工申诉 grievance失业unemployment病假工资 sick pay工会 trade union人性化管理humanized management 住房补贴 subsidized housing 集体谈判 collective bargaining 充分就业 full employment就业立法employment legislation 企业家的 entrepreneurial工业行动 industrial action谈判工资 negotiated wage市场工资率 market rate工作分析job analysisMethods of collecting job analysisinformation:inteiview、questionaires问卷法、observation观察法、participant dairy/logs 工作日志写实法、position analysis questionnaire PAQ职位分析问卷工作描述 job description工作说明 job specification工作承担者在职（位）者 job incumbent/holder权限 authority工作权限Authority of incumbent 工作标识 job identification工作概要(综述) job summary知识、技能、能力 KSA职位弱化 Dejobbing扁平化组织flattened organization工作扩大化 job enlargement工作轮换 Job rotation无边界组织boundaryless organization工作丰富化 job enrichmment 流程再造 reengineering继任、接班 succession富余 redundancy人员流动 turnover招聘 recruitment人力资源规划及补充 HR planning and recruiting人力资源需求personal need/demand人力资源供给 personal supply （企业）内（外）部供给 Supply of inside/outside candidate Methods of predicting employment needs:trend analysis 趋势分析、 ratio analsis 比率分析、 A scatter plot 散点图、using computer to forcast Personel requirments正规教育 formal education行业经验 industry experience 人员调配/配置图personel replacement chart人员储备开发记录personel inventory and development record人员配置 staffing equation劳动生产率 productivity资格数据库qualifications inventory职位空缺vacancy/open/opening填补职位空缺fill open positions工作公告job posting人事记录 personnel record技能库 skill bank继任计划 succession planning 申请者群 an applicant pool 就业服务机构(中介) employment agency校园招聘 college recruiting猎头公司head hunters/executive recruiters 推荐 referral上门求职 walk-in网上招聘recruiting on the internet甄选 selection面试 interview工作申请表 application form 工作样本 work sample评价中心 assessment center 背景调查background investigation效度 validity信度 reliability非定向/非结构化面试nondirective/unstructured interview定向/结构化面试directive/structured interview 评价面试 appraisal interview 情境面试 situational interiew 行为面试 behavioral interview 压力面试 stress interview工作相关性面试job-related interview系列化面试serialized interview心理面试psychological interview个人面试 personal interview小组面试 panel interview集体面试 mass interview培训与开发training and development上岗培训employee orientation/orientating employees培训需求 training needs工作手册 workbooks子任务 subtasks低产出 low output基层 lower level在职者 job holdersTraining methods:on-the-job training(OJT)、模拟培训simulated training、学徒apprentlceship training角色扮演 role playing行为塑造 behavior modeling企业大学 corporate university 企业内部开发中心in-house development centers绩效评估performance appraisal强制分布法forced distribution method行为锚定评价尺度 behaviorally anchored rating scal (BARS)维度 dimension目标管理management by objectives (MBO)职业生涯管理 carrer management 咨询专家counseling expert/consultant薪酬、补偿 compensation奖励与福利incentives and benefits报酬 remuneration薪资调查pay survey内在的 intrinsic外在的 extrinsic工资结构 pay structure工资等级 pay grade工资范围 pay range货币的 monetary基本工资 base pay基准单位 benchmark job可变工资 variable pay宽带薪酬broadbanding小时工资 hourly pay带薪休假 paid time off 1.人力资源管理:(Human Resource Management ,HRM)人力资源经理:( human resource manager)高级管理人员:(executive)职业:(profession)道德标准:(ethics)操作工:(operative employees)专家:(specialist)人力资源认证协会:(the Human Resource CertificationInstitute,HRCI)2.外部环境:(external environment) 内部环境:(internal environment)政策:(policy)企业文化:(corporate culture)目标:(mission)股东:(shareholders)非正式组织:(informal organization) 跨国公司:(multinational corporation,MNC)管理多样性:(managing diversity) 3.工作:(job)职位:(posting)工作分析:(job analysis)工作说明:(job description)工作规范:(job specification)工作分析计划表:(job analysis schedule,JAS)职位分析问卷调查法:(Management Position Description Questionnaire,MPDQ)行政秘书:(executive secretary)地区服务经理助理:(assistant district service manager)4.人力资源计划:(Human ResourcePlanning,HRP)战略规划:(strategic planning)长期趋势:(long term trend)要求预测:(requirement forecast)供给预测:(availability forecast)管理人力储备:(management inventory)裁减:(downsizing)人力资源信息系统:(Human Resource Information System,HRIS) 5.招聘:(recruitment)员工申请表:(employee requisition) 招聘方法:(recruitment methods)内部提升:(Promotion FromWithin ,PFW)工作公告:(job posting)广告:(advertising)职业介绍所:(employment agency) 特殊事件:(special events)实习:(internship)6.选择:(selection)选择率:(selection rate)简历:(resume)标准化:(standardization)有效性:(validity)客观性:(objectivity)规范:(norm)录用分数线:(cutoff score)准确度:(aiming)业务知识测试:(job knowledge tests) 理交流平台！人力资源管理英文词汇高级管理人员:(executive)职业:(profession) 道德标准:(ethics)操作工:(operative employees)专家:(specialist)人力资源认证协会:(the Human Resource Certification Institute,HRCI)外部环境:(external environment) 内部环境:(internal environment) 政策:(policy)企业文化:(corporate culture)目标:(mission)股东:(shareholders)非正式组织:(informal organization)跨国公司:(multinational corporation,MNC)工作:(job)职位:(posting)工作分析:(job analysis)工作说明:(job description)工作规范:(job specification)工作分析计划表:(job analysis schedule,JAS)职位分析问卷调查法:(Management Position Description Questionnaire,MPDQ)行政秘书:(executive secretary) 地区服务经理助理:(assistant district service manager)战略规划:(strategic planning) 长期趋势:(long term trend)管理人力储备:(management inventory)裁减:(downsizing)人力资源信息系统:(Human Resource InformationSystem,HRIS)招聘方法:(recruitment methods) 内部提升:(Promotion FromWithin ,PFW)广告:(advertising)职业介绍所:(employment agency) 特殊事件:(special events)实习:(internship)选择:(selection)选择率:(selection rate)简历:(resume)标准化:(standardization)有效性:(validity)客观性:(objectivity)规范:(norm)录用分数线:(cutoff score)准确度:(aiming)业务知识测试:(job knowledge tests)求职面试:(employment interview) 非结构化面试:(unstructured interview)结构化面试:(structured interview)小组面试:(group interview)职业兴趣测试:(vocational interest tests)会议型面试:(board interview) 组织变化与人力资源开发人力资源开发:(Human Resource Development,HRD)训练:(coaching)辅导:(mentoring)经营管理策略:(business games) 案例研究:(case study)会议方法:(conference method) 角色扮演:(role playing)在职培训:(on-the-jobtraining ,OJT)企业文化与组织发展企业文化:(corporate culture) 组织发展:(organization development,OD)调查反馈:(survey feedback)质量圈:(quality circles)目标管理:(management by objective,MBO)全面质量管理:(Total Quality Management,TQM)团队建设:(team building)职业计划与发展职业:(career)职业计划:(career planning)职业道路:(career path)职业发展:(career development) 自我评价:(self-assessment)职业动机:(career anchors)绩效评价绩效评价:(Performance Appraisal,PA)小组评价:(group appraisal)业绩评定表:(rating scales method)关键事件法:(critical incident method)排列法:(ranking method)平行比较法:(paired comparison) 硬性分布法:(forceddistribution method)晕圈错误:(halo error)宽松:(leniency)严格:(strictness)反馈:(-degree feedback)叙述法:(essay method)集中趋势:(central ten报酬:(compensation)直接经济报酬:(direct financial compensation)间接经济报酬:(indirect financial compensation)非经济报酬:(no financial compensation) 公平:(equity)外部公平:(external equity)内部公平:(internal equity)员工公平:(employee equity)小组公平:(team equity)工资水平领先者:(pay leaders) 现行工资率:(going rate)工资水平居后者:(pay followers) 劳动力市场:(labor market)工作评价:(job evaluation)排列法:(ranking method)分类法:(classification method) 因素比较法:(factor comparison method)评分法:(point method)海氏指示图表个人能力分析法:(Hay Guide Chart-profile Method)工作定价:(job pricing)工资等级:(pay grade)工资曲线:(wage curve)工资幅度:(pay range)福利和其它报酬问题福利(间接经济补偿)员工股权计划:(employee stock ownership plan,ESOP)值班津贴:(shift differential) 奖金:(incentive compensation) 分红制:(profit sharing)安全与健康的工作环境频率:(frequency rate)紧张:(stress)角色冲突:(role conflict)催眠法:(hypnosis)酗酒:(alcoholism)员工和劳动关系工会:(union)地方工会:(local union)行业工会:(craft union)产业工会:(industrial union)全国工会:(national union)谈判组:(bargaining union)劳资谈判:(collective bargaining)仲裁:(arbitration)罢工:(strike)内部员工关系:(internal employee relations)纪律:(discipline)纪律处分:(disciplinary action) 申诉:(grievance)降职:(demotion)调动:(transfer)晋升:(promotion行政秘书：(executive secretary) 质量圈：(quality circles) 人事staffing领导leading控制controlling步骤process原理principle方法technique经理manager总经理general manager行政人员administrator主管人员supervisor企业enterprise商业business产业industry公司company效果effectiveness效率efficiency企业家entrepreneur权利power职权authority职责responsibility科学管理scientific management 现代经营管理modern operational management行为科学behavior science生产率productivity激励motivate动机motive法律law法规regulation经济体系economic system管理职能managerial function产品product服务service利润profit满意satisfaction归属affiliation尊敬esteem自我实现self-actualization人力投入human input盈馀surplus收入income成本cost资本货物capital goods机器machinery设备equipment建筑building存货inventory经验法the empirical approach人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法the group behavior approach协作社会系统法the cooperative social systems approach社会技术系统法thesocial-technical systems approach 决策理论法the decision theory approach数学法the mathematical approach系统法the systems approach随机制宜法the contingency approach管理任务法the managerial roles approach经营法the operational approach 人际关系human relation心理学psychology态度attitude压力pressure冲突conflict招聘recruit鉴定appraisal选拔select 培训train报酬compensation授权delegation of authority协调coordinate业绩performance考绩制度merit system表现behavior下级subordinate偏差deviation检验记录inspection record误工记录record of labor-hours lost销售量sales volume产品质量quality of products 先进技术advanced technology 顾客服务customer service策略strategy结构structure领先性primacy普遍性pervasiveness忧虑fear忿恨resentment士气morale解雇layoff批发wholesale零售retail程序procedure规则rule规划program预算budget共同作用synergy大型联合企业conglomerate购买acquisition增长目标growth goal专利产品proprietary product 竞争对手rival晋升promotion管理决策managerial decision商业道德business ethics有竞争力的价格competitive price 供货商supplier小贩vendor利益冲突conflict of interests派生政策derivative policy开支帐户expense account批准程序approval procedure病假sick leave休假vacation工时labor-hour机时machine-hour资本支出capital outlay现金流量cash flow工资率wage rate税收率tax rate股息dividend现金状况cash position资金短缺capital shortage总预算overall budget资产负债表balance sheet可行性feasibility投入原则the commitment principle投资回报return on investment生产能力capacity to produce实际工作者practitioner最终结果end result业绩performance个人利益personal interest福利welfare市场占有率market share创新innovation生产率productivity利润率profitability社会责任public responsibility 董事会board of director组织规模size of the organization 组织文化organizational culture 目标管理management by objectives评价工具appraisal tool激励方法motivational techniques 控制手段control device个人价值personal worth优势strength弱点weakness机会opportunity威胁threat个人责任personal responsibility 顾问counselor定量目标quantitative objective 定性目标qualitative objective可考核目标verifiable objective优先priority工资表payroll策略strategy政策policy灵活性discretion多种经营diversification评估assessment一致性consistency应变策略consistency strategy公共关系public relation价值value抱负aspiration偏见prejudice审查review批准approval主要决定major decision分公司总经理division general manager资产组合距阵portfolio matrix明星star问号question mark现金牛cash cow赖狗dog采购procurement人口因素demographic factor地理因素geographic factor公司形象company image产品系列product line合资企业joint venture破产政策liquidation strategy紧缩政策retrenchment strategy 战术tactics追随followership个性individuality性格personality安全safety自主权latitude悲观的pessimistic静止的static乐观的optimistic动态的dynamic灵活的flexible抵制resistance敌对antagonism折中eclectic激励motivation潜意识subconscious地位status情感affection欲望desire压力pressure满足satisfaction自我实现的需要needs forself-actualization尊敬的需要esteem needs归属的需要affiliation needs 安全的需要security needs生理的需要physiological needs 维持maintenance保健hygiene激励因素motivator概率probability强化理论reinforcement theory 反馈feedback奖金bonus股票期权stock option劳资纠纷labor dispute缺勤率absenteeism人员流动turnover奖励reward特许经营franchise热诚zeal信心confidence鼓舞inspire要素ingredient忠诚loyalty奉献devotion作风style品质trait适应性adaptability进取性aggressiveness热情enthusiasm毅力persistence人际交往能力interpersonal skills 行政管理能力administrative ability智力intelligence专制式领导autocratic leader民主式领导democratic leader自由放任式领导free-rein leader 管理方格图the managerial grid 工作效率work efficiency服从obedience领导行为leader behavior支持型领导supportive leadership 参与型领导participative leadership指导型领导instrumental leadership成就取向型领导achievement-oriented leadership Action learning：行动学习Alternation ranking method：交替排序法Annual bonus：年终分红Application forms：工作申请表Appraisal interview：评价面试Aptitudes：资质Arbitration：仲裁Attendance incentive plan：参与式激励计划Authority：职权Behavior modeling：行为模拟Behaviorally anchored rating scale (bars)：行为锚定等级评价法Benchmark job：基准职位Benefits：福利Bias：个人偏见Boycott：联合抵制Bumping/layoff procedures：工作替换/临时解雇程序Burnout：耗竭Candidate-order error：候选人次序错误Capital accumulation program：资本积累方案Career anchors：职业锚Career cycle：职业周期Career planning and development：职业规划与职业发展Case study method：案例研究方法Central tendency：居中趋势Citations：传讯Civil Rights Act：民权法Classes：类Classification (or grading) method：归类（或分级）法Collective bargaining：集体谈判Comparable worth：可比价值Compensable factor：报酬因素Computerized forecas：计算机化预测Content validity：内容效度Criterion validity：效标效度Critical incident method：关键事件法Davis-Bacon Act (DBA)：戴维斯─佩根法案Day-to-day-collective bargaining：日常集体谈判Decline stage：下降阶段Deferred profit-sharing plan：延期利润分享计划Defined benefit：固定福利Defined contribution：固定缴款Department of Labor job analysis：劳工部工作分析法Discipline：纪律Dismissal：解雇；开除Downsizing：精简Early retirement window：提前退休窗口Economic strike：经济罢工Edgar Schein：艾德加．施恩Employee compensation：职员报酬Employee orientation：雇员上岗引导Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) ：雇员退休收入保障法案Employee services benefits：雇员服务福利Employee stock ownership plan (ESOP)：雇员持股计划Equal Pay Act：公平工资法Establishment stage：确立阶段Exit interviews：离职面谈Expectancy chart：期望图表Experimentation：实验Exploration stage：探索阶段Fact-finder：调查Fair day's work：公平日工作Fair Labor Standards Act：公平劳动标准法案Flexible benefits programs：弹性福利计划Flex place：弹性工作地点Flextime：弹性工作时间Forced distribution method：强制分布法Four-day workweek：每周4天工作制Frederick Taylor：弗雷德里克．泰罗Functional control：职能控制Functional job analysis：功能性工作分析法Gain sharing：收益分享General economic conditions：一般经济状况Golden offerings：高龄给付Good faith bargaining：真诚的谈判Grade description：等级说明书Grades：等级Graphic rating scale：图尺度评价法Grid training：方格训练Grievance：抱怨Grievance procedure：抱怨程序Group life insurance：团体人寿保险Group pension plan：团体退休金计划Growth stage：成长阶段Guarantee corporation：担保公司Guaranteed fair treatment：有保证的公平对待Guaranteed piecework plan：有保障的计件工资制Halo effect：晕轮效应Health maintenance organization (HMO) ：健康维持组织Illegal bargaining：非法谈判项目Impasse：僵持Implied authority：隐含职权Incentive plan：激励计划Individual retirement account(IRA) ：个人退休账户In-house development center：企业内部开发中心Insubordination：不服从Insurance benefits：保险福利Interviews：谈话；面谈Job analysis：工作分析Job description：工作描述Job evaluation：职位评价Job instruction training (JIT) ：工作指导培训Job posting：工作公告Job rotation：工作轮换Job sharing：工作分组Job specifications：工作说明书John Holland：约翰．霍兰德Junior board：初级董事会Layoff：临时解雇Leader attach training：领导者匹配训练Lifetime employment without guarantees：无保证终身解雇Line manager：直线管理者Local market conditions：地方劳动力市场Lockout：闭厂Maintenance stage：维持阶段Management assessment center：管理评价中心Management by objectives (MBO)：目标管理法Management game：管理竞赛Management grid：管理方格训练Management process：管理过程Mandatory bargaining：强制谈判项目Mediation：调解Merit pay：绩效工资Merit raise：绩效加薪Mid career crisis sub stage：中期职业危机阶段Nondirective interview：非定向面试Occupational market conditions：职业市场状况Occupational orientation：职业性向Occupational Safety and Health Act：职业安全与健康法案Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)：职业安全与健康管理局Occupational skills：职业技能On-the-job training (OJT) ：在职培训Open-door：敞开门户Opinion survey：意见调查Organization development(OD)：组织发展Outplacement counseling：向外安置顾问Paired comparison method：配对比较法Panel interview：小组面试Participant diary/logs：现场工人日记/日志Pay grade：工资等级Pension benefits：退休金福利Pension plans：退休金计划People-first values："以人为本"的价值观Performance analysis：工作绩效分析Performance Appraisal interview：工作绩效评价面谈Personnel (or human resource) management：人事（或人力资源）管理Personnel replacement charts：人事调配图Piecework：计件Plant Closing law：工厂关闭法Point method Policies：政策Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ) ：职位分析问卷Position replacement cards：职位调配卡Pregnancy discrimination act：怀孕歧视法案Profit-sharing plan：利润分享计划Programmed learning：程序化教学Qualifications inventories：资格数据库Quality circle：质量圈Ranking method：排序法Rate ranges：工资率系列Ratio analysis：比率分析Reality shock：现实冲击Reliability：信度Retirement：退休Retirement benefits：退休福利Retirement counseling：退休前咨询Rings of defense：保护圈Role playing：角色扮演Salary surveys：薪资调查Savings plan：储蓄计划Scallion plan：斯坎伦计划Scatter plot：散点分析Scientific management：科学管理Self directed teams：自我指导工作小组Self-actualization：自我实现Sensitivity training：敏感性训练Serialized interview：系列化面试Severance pay：离职金Sick leave：病假Situational interview：情境面试Skip-level interview：越级谈话Social security：社会保障Speak up! ：讲出来！Special awards：特殊奖励Special management development techniques：特殊的管理开发技术Stabilization sub stage：稳定阶段Staff (service) function：职能（服务）功能Standard hour plan：标准工时工资Stock option：股票期权Straight piecework：直接计件制Strategic plan：战略规划Stress interview：压力面试Strictness/leniency：偏紧/偏松Strikes：罢工Structured interview：结构化面试Succession planning：接班计划Supplement pay benefits：补充报酬福利Supplemental unemployment benefits：补充失业福利Survey feedback：调查反馈Sympathy strike：同情罢工System Ⅳ：组织体系ⅣSystem I：组织体系Task analysis：任务分析Team building：团队建设Team or group：班组Termination：解雇；终止Termination at will：随意终止Theory X：X理论Theory Y：Y理论Third-party involvement：第三方介入Training：培训Transactional analysis (TA) ：人际关系心理分析Trend analysis：趋势分析Trial sub stage：尝试阶段Unclear performance standards：绩效评价标准不清Unemployment insurance：失业保险Unfair labor practice strike：不正当劳工活动罢工Unsafe acts：不安全行为Unsafe conditions：不安全环境Validity：效度Value-based hiring：以价值观为基础的雇佣Vroom-Yetton leadership trainman：维罗姆-耶顿领导能力训练Variable compensation：可变报酬Vestibule or simulated training：新雇员培训或模拟Vesting：特别保护权Voluntary bargaining：自愿谈判项目Voluntary pay cut：自愿减少工资方案Voluntary time off：自愿减少时间Wage carve：工资曲线Work samples：工作样本Work sampling technique：工作样本技术Work sharing：临时性工作分担Worker involvement：雇员参与计划Worker's benefits：雇员福利Adaptability 适应性Aligning Performance for Success 协调工作以求成功业绩Applied Learning 应用的知识Building a Successful Team 建立成功团队Building Customer Loyalty 对客户忠诚Building Partnerships 建立合作关系Building Strategic Working Relationships 建立战略性工作关系Building Trust 建立互信关系Coaching 辅导Communication 沟通Continuous Learning 不断学习Contributing to Team Success 对团队成功的贡献Customer Focus 以客户为中心Decision Making 决策Delegating Responsibility 授权Developing Others 发展他人Drive for Results 注重实效Energy 精力充沛Facilitation Change 推动变革Follow-up 跟进Formal Presentation 专业演讲技巧Gaining Commitment 具有使命感Impact 影响力Information Monitoring 采集信息Initiating Action 主动采取行动Innovation 创新Job Fit 胜任工作Leading Through Mission and Values 在使命与价值的认同中的领导才能Managing Conflict 解决冲突Managing Work (Includes Time Management) 管理工作（时间管理）Meeting Leadership 会议组织能力Meeting Participation 分享Negotiation 谈判Planning and Organizing 编制计划与组织能力Quality Orientation 质量定位Risk Taking 勇于冒险Safety Awareness 安全意识Sales Ability / Persuasiveness 销售能力/说服能力Strategic Leadership / Decision Making 战略性领导/决策制定Stress Tolerance 压力忍受能力Technical / Professional Knowledge and Skills 技术专业知识和技能Tenacity 坚忍不拔Work Standards 操作规范Action learning：行动学习Alternation ranking method：交替排序法Annual bonus：年终分红Application forms：工作申请表Appraisal interview：评价面试Aptitudes：资质Arbitration：仲裁Attendance incentive plan：参与式激励计划Authority：职权Behavior modeling：行为模拟Behaviorally anchored rating scale (bars)：行为锚定等级评价法Benchmark job：基准职位Benefits：福利Bias：个人偏见Boycott：联合抵制Bumping/layoff procedures：工作替换/临时解雇程序Burnout：耗竭Candidate-order error：候选人次序错误Capital accumulation program：资本积累方案Career anchors：职业锚Career cycle：职业周期Career planning and development：职业规划与职业发展Case study method：案例研究方法Central tendency：居中趋势Citations：传讯Civil Rights Act：民权法Classes：类Classification (or grading) method：归类（或分级）法集体谈判Comparable worth：可比价值Compensable factor：报酬因素Computerized forecast：计算机化预测Content validity：内容效度Criterion validity：效标效度Critical incident method：关键事件法Davis-Bacon Act (DBA)：戴维斯―佩根法案Day-to-day-collective bargaining：日常集体谈判Decline stage：下降阶段Deferred profit-sharing plan：延期利润分享计划Defined benefit：固定福利Defined contribution：固定缴款Department of Labor job analysis：劳工部工作分析法Discipline：纪律Dismissal：解雇；开除Downsizing：精简Early retirement window：提前退休窗口Economic strike：经济罢工Edgar Schein：艾德加•施恩Employee compensation：职员报酬Employee orientation：雇员上岗引导Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) ：雇员退休收入保障法案Employee services benefits：雇员服务福利Employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) ：雇员持股计划Equal Pay Act：公平工资法Establishment stage：确立阶段Exit interviews：离职面谈Expectancy chart：期望图表Experimentation：实验Exploration stage：探索阶段Fact-finder：调查Fair day’s work：公平日工作Fair Labor Standards Act：公平劳动标准法案Flexible benefits programs：弹性福利计划Flex place：弹性工作地点Flextime：弹性工作时间Forced distribution method：强制分布法Four-day workweek：每周天工作制Frederick Taylor：弗雷德里克•泰罗Functional control：职能控制Functional job analysis：功能性工作分析法沟通Communication个人发展Personal Development 电子学习e-Learning项目管理Project Management领导艺术Leadership团队建设Team Building管理Management商务管理类行政管理Administrative Support 人力资源Human Resources商法Business Law行业Industry客户服务Customer Service知识管理Knowledge Management电子商务e-Business市场Marketing金融/财会Finance & Accounting企业运营Operations财务服务Financial Services销售Salesable 有才干的，能干的adaptable 适应性强的active 主动的，活跃的aggressive 有进取心的ambitious 有雄心壮志的amiable 和蔼可亲的amicable 友好的analytical 善于分析的apprehensive 有理解力的aspiring 有志气的，有抱负的audacious 大胆的，有冒险精神的capable 有能力的，有才能的careful 办理仔细的candid 正直的competent 能胜任的constructive 建设性的cooperative 有合作精神的creative 富创造力的dedicated 有奉献精神的dependable 可靠的diplomatic 老练的，有策略的disciplined 守纪律的dutiful 尽职的well--educated 受过良好教育的efficient 有效率的energetic 精力充沛的expressivity 善于表达faithful 守信的，忠诚的frank 直率的，真诚的generous 宽宏大量的genteel 有教养的gentle 有礼貌的humorous 有幽默impartial 公正的independent 有主见的industrious 勤奋的ingenious 有独创性的motivated 目的明确的intelligent 理解力强的learned精通某门学问的logical 条理分明的methodical有方法的modest 谦虚的objective 客观的precise 一丝不苟的punctual 严守时刻的realistic 实事求是的responsible 负责的sensible 明白事理的sporting 光明正大的steady 踏实的systematic 有系统的purposeful 意志坚强的sweet-tempered 性情温和的temperate 稳健的tireless 孜孜不倦的name 姓名in. 英寸pen name 笔名ft. 英尺alias 别名street 街Mr. 先生road 路Miss 小姐district 区Ms （小姐或太太）house number 门牌Mrs. 太太lane 胡同，巷age 年龄height 身高blood type 血型weight 体重address 地址born 生于permanent address 永久住址birthday 生日province 省birthdate 出生日期city 市birthplace 出生地点county 县home phone 住宅电话prefecture 专区office phone 办公电话autonomous region 自治区business phone 办公电话nationality 民族；国籍current address 目前住址citizenship 国籍date of birth 出生日期native place 籍贯postal code 邮政编码duel citizenship 双重国籍marital status 婚姻状况family status 家庭状况married 已婚single 未婚divorced 离异separated 分居number of children 子女人数health condition 健康状况health 健康状况excellent （身体）极佳short-sighted 近视far-sighted 远视ID card 身份证date of availability 可到职时间membership 会员、资格president 会长vice-president 副会长director 理事standing director 常务理事society 学会association 协会secretary-general 秘书长research society 研究会work experience 工作经历occupational history 工作经历professional history 职业经历specific experience 具体经历responsibilities 职责second job 第二职业achievements 工作成就，业绩administer 管理assist 辅助adapted to 适应于accomplish 完成（任务等）appointed 被认命的adept in 善于analyze 分析authorized 委任的；核准的behave 表现break the record 打破纪录breakthrough 关键问题的解决control 控制conduct 经营，处理cost 成本；费用create 创造demonstrate 证明，示范decrease 减少design 设计develop 开发，发挥devise 设计，发明direct 指导double 加倍，翻一番earn 获得，赚取effect 效果，作用eliminate 消除enlarge 扩大enrich 使丰富exploit 开发（资源，产品）enliven 搞活establish 设立（公司等）；使开业evaluation 估价，评价execute 实行，实施expedite 加快；促进generate 产生good at 擅长于guide 指导；操纵improve 改进，提高initiate 创始，开创innovate 改革，革新invest 投资integrate 使结合；使一体化justified 经证明的；合法化的launch 开办（新企业）maintain 保持；维修modernize 使现代化negotiate 谈判nominated 被提名；被认命的overcome 克服perfect 使完善；改善perform 执行，履行profit 利润be promoted to 被提升为be proposed as 被提名（推荐）为realize 实现（目标）获得（利润）reconstruct 重建recorded 记载的refine 精练，精制registered 已注册的regenerate 更新，使再生replace 接替，替换retrieve 挽回revenue 收益，收入scientific 科学的，系统的self-dependence 自力更生serve 服务，供职settle 解决（问题等）shorten 减低……效能simplify 简化，精简spread 传播，扩大standard 标准，规格supervises 监督，管理supply 供给，满足systematize 使系统化test 试验，检验well-trained 训练有素的valuable 有价值的target 目标，指标working model 劳动模范advanced worker 先进工作者education 学历educational history 学历educational background 教育程度curriculum 课程major 主修minor 副修educational highlights 课程重点部分curriculum included 课程包括specialized courses 专门课程courses taken 所学课程special training 特别训练social practice 社会实践part-time jobs 业馀工作summer jobs 暑期工作vacation jobs 假期工作refresher course 进修课程extracurricular activities 课外活动physical activities 体育活动recreational activities 娱乐活动academic activities 学术活动social activities 社会活动rewards 奖励scholarship 奖学金excellent League member 优秀团员excellent leader 优秀干部student council 学生会off-job training 脱产培训in-job training 在职培训educational system 学制academic year 学年semester 学期（美）term 学期（英）supervisor 论文导师pass 及格fail 不及格marks 分数examination 考试degree 学位post doctorate 博士后doctor(PhD) 博士master 硕士bachelor 学士graduate student 研究生abroad student 留学生abroad student 留学生undergraduate 大学肆业生government-supported student公费生commoner 自费生extern 走读生intern 实习生prize fellow 奖学金生boarder 寄宿生graduate 毕业生guest student 旁听生（英）auditor 旁听生（美）day-student 走读生objective 目标position desired 希望职位job objective 工作目标employment objective 工作目标career objective 职业目标position sought 谋求职位position wanted 希望职位position applied for 申请职位for more specialized work 为更专门的工作for prospects of promotion 为晋升的前途for higher responsibility 为更高层次的工作责任for wider experience 为扩大工作经验due to close-down of company 由于公司倒闭due to expiry of employment 由于雇用期满sought a better ob 找到了更好的工作to seek a better job 找一份更好的工作hobbies 业馀爱好play the guitar 弹吉他reading 阅读play chess 下棋play 话剧long distance running 长跑play bridge 打桥牌collecting stamps 集邮play tennis 打网球jogging 慢跑sewing 缝纫traveling 旅游listening to symphony 听交响乐do some clay sculptures 搞泥塑工作投入度：Work devotion degrees后备人员：Reserve personnel业务人员：Business personnel。
人力资源管理常见英文词汇
人力资源管理常见英文单词人力资本：human capital工作投入 work/job engagement管理过程 management process直线管理者 line manager职能管理者 staff manager职能控制 functional control人事职能staff(service)function劳动力 labor(work)force劳资关系 labor relations公平就业时机 equal opportunity 反雇佣歧视行为affirmative action雇员健康与平安employee health and safety员工申诉 grievance失业unemployment病假工资 sick pay工会 trade union人性化管理humanized management 住房补贴 subsidized housing 集体谈判 collective bargaining 充分就业 full employment就业立法employment legislation 企业家的 entrepreneurial工业行动 industrial action谈判工资 negotiated wage市场工资率 market rate工作分析job analysisMethods of collecting job analysisinformation:inteiview、questionaires问卷法、observation观察法、participant dairy/logs 工作日志写实法、position analysis questionnaire PAQ职位分析问卷工作描述 job description工作说明 job specification工作承当者在职〔位〕者 job incumbent/holder权限 authority工作权限Authority of incumbent 工作标识 job identification工作概要(综述) job summary知识、技能、能力 KSA职位弱化 Dejobbing扁平化组织flattened organization工作扩大化 job enlargement工作轮换 Job rotation无边界组织boundaryless organization工作丰富化 job enrichmment 流程再造 reengineering继任、接班 succession充裕 redundancy人员流动 turnover招聘 recruitment人力资源规划及补充 HR planning and recruiting人力资源需求personal need/demand人力资源供应 personal supply 〔企业〕内〔外〕部供应 Supply of inside/outside candidate Methods of predictingemployment needs:trend analysis 趋势分析、 ratio analsis 比率分析、 A scatter plot 散点图、using computer to forcast Personel requirments正规教育 formal education行业经验 industry experience 人员调配/配置图personel replacement chart人员储藏开发记录personel inventory and development record人员配置 staffing equation劳动生产率 productivity资格数据库qualifications inventory职位空缺vacancy/open/opening填补职位空缺fill open positions工作公告job posting人事记录 personnel record技能库 skill bank继任方案 succession planning 申请者群 an applicant pool 就业效劳机构(中介) employment agency校园招聘 college recruiting猎头公司head hunters/executive recruiters 推荐 referral上门求职 walk-in网上招聘recruiting on the internet甄选 selection面试 interview 工作申请表 application form 工作样本 work sample评价中心 assessment center背景调查background investigation效度 validity信度 reliability非定向/非结构化面试nondirective/unstructured interview定向/结构化面试directive/structured interview 评价面试 appraisal interview 情境面试 situational interiew 行为面试 behavioral interview 压力面试 stress interview工作相关性面试job-related interview系列化面试serialized interview心理面试psychological interview个人面试 personal interview小组面试 panel interview集体面试 mass interview培训与开发training and development上岗培训employee orientation/orientating employees培训需求 training needs工作手册 workbooks子任务 subtasks低产出 low output基层 lower level在职者 job holdersTraining methods:on-the-job training(OJT)、模拟培训simulated training、学徒apprentlceship training角色扮演 role playing行为塑造 behavior modeling企业大学 corporate university 企业内部开发中心in-house development centers绩效评估performance appraisal强制分布法forced distribution method行为锚定评价尺度 behaviorally anchored rating scal (BARS)维度 dimension目标管理management by objectives (MBO)职业生涯管理 carrer management 咨询专家counseling expert/consultant薪酬、补偿 compensation奖励与福利incentives and benefits报酬 remuneration薪资调查pay survey内在的 intrinsic外在的 extrinsic工资结构 pay structure工资等级 pay grade工资范围 pay range货币的 monetary根本工资 base pay基准单位 benchmark job可变工资 variable pay 宽带薪酬broadbanding小时工资 hourly pay带薪休假 paid time off1.人力资源管理:(Human Resource Management ,HRM)人力资源经理:( human resource manager)高级管理人员:(executive)职业:(profession)道德标准:(ethics)操作工:(operative employees)专家:(specialist)人力资源认证协会:(the Human Resource CertificationInstitute,HRCI)2.外部环境:(external environment) 内部环境:(internal environment)政策:(policy)企业文化:(corporate culture)目标:(mission)股东:(shareholders)非正式组织:(informal organization) 跨国公司:(multinational corporation,MNC)管理多样性:(managing diversity) 3.工作:(job)职位:(posting)工作分析:(job analysis)工作说明:(job description)工作标准:(job specification)工作分析方案表:(job analysis schedule,JAS)职位分析问卷调查法:(Management Position Description Questionnaire,MPDQ)行政秘书:(executive secretary)地区效劳经理助理:(assistant district service manager)4.人力资源方案:(Human Resource Planning,HRP)战略规划:(strategic planning)长期趋势:(long term trend)要求预测:(requirement forecast)供应预测:(availability forecast)管理人力储藏:(management inventory)裁减:(downsizing)人力资源信息系统:(Human Resource Information System,HRIS) 5.招聘:(recruitment)员工申请表:(employee requisition) 招聘方法:(recruitment methods)内部提升:(Promotion FromWithin ,PFW)工作公告:(job posting)广告:(advertising)职业介绍所:(employment agency) 特殊事件:(special events)实习:(internship)6.选择:(selection)选择率:(selection rate)简历:(resume)标准化:(standardization)有效性:(validity)客观性:(objectivity)标准:(norm)录用分数线:(cutoff score)准确度:(aiming)业务知识测试:(job knowledge tests) 理交流平台！人力资源管理英文词汇高级管理人员:(executive)职业:(profession)道德标准:(ethics)操作工:(operative employees)专家:(specialist)人力资源认证协会:(the Human Resource Certification Institute,HRCI)外部环境:(external environment) 内部环境:(internal environment) 政策:(policy)企业文化:(corporate culture)目标:(mission)股东:(shareholders)非正式组织:(informal organization)跨国公司:(multinational corporation,MNC)工作:(job)职位:(posting)工作分析:(job analysis)工作说明:(job description)工作标准:(job specification)工作分析方案表:(job analysis schedule,JAS)职位分析问卷调查法:(Management Position Description Questionnaire,MPDQ)行政秘书:(executive secretary) 地区效劳经理助理:(assistantdistrict service manager)战略规划:(strategic planning) 长期趋势:(long term trend)管理人力储藏:(management inventory)裁减:(downsizing)人力资源信息系统:(Human Resource InformationSystem,HRIS)招聘方法:(recruitment methods) 内部提升:(Promotion FromWithin ,PFW)广告:(advertising)职业介绍所:(employment agency) 特殊事件:(special events)实习:(internship)选择:(selection)选择率:(selection rate)简历:(resume)标准化:(standardization)有效性:(validity)客观性:(objectivity)标准:(norm)录用分数线:(cutoff score)准确度:(aiming)业务知识测试:(job knowledge tests)求职面试:(employment interview) 非结构化面试:(unstructured interview)结构化面试:(structured interview)小组面试:(group interview)职业兴趣测试:(vocational interest tests)会议型面试:(board interview) 组织变化与人力资源开发人力资源开发:(Human Resource Development,HRD)训练:(coaching)辅导:(mentoring)经营管理策略:(business games) 案例研究:(case study)会议方法:(conference method) 角色扮演:(role playing)在职培训:(on-the-jobtraining ,OJT)企业文化与组织开展企业文化:(corporate culture) 组织开展:(organization development,OD)调查反应:(survey feedback)质量圈:(quality circles)目标管理:(management by objective,MBO)全面质量管理:(Total Quality Management,TQM)团队建设:(team building)职业方案与开展职业:(career)职业方案:(career planning)职业道路:(career path)职业开展:(career development) 自我评价:(self-assessment)职业动机:(career anchors)绩效评价绩效评价:(Performance Appraisal,PA)小组评价:(group appraisal)业绩评定表:(rating scales method)关键事件法:(critical incident method)排列法:(ranking method)平行比拟法:(paired comparison) 硬性分布法:(forceddistribution method)晕圈错误:(halo error)宽松:(leniency)严格:(strictness)反应:(-degree feedback)表达法:(essay method)集中趋势:(central ten报酬:(compensation)直接经济报酬:(direct financial compensation)间接经济报酬:(indirect financial compensation) 非经济报酬:(no financial compensation)公平:(equity)外部公平:(external equity)内部公平:(internal equity)员工公平:(employee equity)小组公平:(team equity)工资水平领先者:(pay leaders) 现行工资率:(going rate)工资水平居后者:(pay followers) 劳动力市场:(labor market)工作评价:(job evaluation)排列法:(ranking method)分类法:(classification method) 因素比拟法:(factor comparison method)评分法:(point method)海氏指示图表个人能力分析法:(Hay Guide Chart-profile Method)工作定价:(job pricing)工资等级:(pay grade)工资曲线:(wage curve)工资幅度:(pay range)福利和其它报酬问题福利(间接经济补偿)员工股权方案:(employee stock ownership plan,ESOP)值班津贴:(shift differential) 奖金:(incentive compensation)分红制:(profit sharing)平安与健康的工作环境频率:(frequency rate)紧张:(stress)角色冲突:(role conflict)催眠法:(hypnosis)酗酒:(alcoholism)员工和劳动关系工会:(union)地方工会:(local union)行业工会:(craft union)产业工会:(industrial union)全国工会:(national union)谈判组:(bargaining union)劳资谈判:(collective bargaining)仲裁:(arbitration)罢工:(strike)内部员工关系:(internal employee relations)纪律:(discipline)纪律处分:(disciplinary action) 申诉:(grievance)降职:(demotion)调动:(transfer)晋升:(promotion行政秘书：(executive secretary) 质量圈：(quality circles)人事staffing领导leading控制controlling步骤process原理principle方法technique经理manager总经理general manager行政人员administrator主管人员supervisor企业enterprise商业business产业industry公司company效果effectiveness效率efficiency企业家entrepreneur权利power职权authority职责responsibility科学管理scientific management 现代经营管理modern operational management行为科学behavior science生产率productivity鼓励motivate动机motive法律law法规regulation经济体系economic system管理职能managerial function产品product效劳service利润profit满意satisfaction归属affiliation尊敬esteem自我实现self-actualization人力投入human input盈馀surplus收入income本钱cost资本货物capital goods机器machinery设备equipment建筑building存货inventory经验法the empirical approach人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法the group behavior approach协作社会系统法the cooperative social systems approach社会技术系统法thesocial-technical systems approach 决策理论法the decision theory approach数学法the mathematical approach系统法the systems approach随机制宜法the contingency approach管理任务法the managerial roles approach经营法the operational approach 人际关系human relation心理学psychology态度attitude压力pressure冲突conflict招聘recruit 鉴定appraisal选拔select培训train报酬compensation授权delegation of authority协调coordinate业绩performance考绩制度merit system表现behavior下级subordinate偏差deviation检验记录inspection record误工记录record of labor-hours lost销售量sales volume产品质量quality of products 先进技术advanced technology 顾客效劳customer service策略strategy结构structure领先性primacy普遍性pervasiveness忧虑fear忿恨resentment士气morale解雇layoff批发wholesale零售retail程序procedure规那么rule规划program预算budget共同作用synergy大型联合企业conglomerate购置acquisition增长目标growth goal专利产品proprietary product竞争对手rival晋升promotion管理决策managerial decision商业道德business ethics有竞争力的价格competitive price 供货商supplier小贩vendor利益冲突conflict of interests派生政策derivative policy开支帐户expense account批准程序approval procedure病假sick leave休假vacation工时labor-hour机时machine-hour资本支出capital outlay现金流量cash flow工资率wage rate税收率tax rate股息dividend现金状况cash position资金短缺capital shortage总预算overall budget资产负债表balance sheet可行性feasibility投入原那么the commitment principle投资回报return on investment生产能力capacity to produce实际工作者practitioner最终结果end result业绩performance个人利益personal interest福利welfare市场占有率market share创新innovation生产率productivity 利润率profitability社会责任public responsibility董事会board of director组织规模size of the organization 组织文化organizational culture 目标管理management by objectives评价工具appraisal tool鼓励方法motivational techniques 控制手段control device个人价值personal worth优势strength弱点weakness时机opportunity威胁threat个人责任personal responsibility 参谋counselor定量目标quantitative objective 定性目标qualitative objective可考核目标verifiable objective优先priority工资表payroll策略strategy政策policy灵活性discretion多种经营diversification评估assessment一致性consistency应变策略consistency strategy公共关系public relation价值value抱负aspiration偏见prejudice审查review批准approval主要决定major decision分公司总经理division generalmanager资产组合距阵portfolio matrix 明星star问号question mark现金牛cash cow赖狗dog采购procurement人口因素demographic factor地理因素geographic factor公司形象company image产品系列product line合资企业joint venture破产政策liquidation strategy紧缩政策retrenchment strategy 战术tactics追随followership个性individuality性格personality平安safety自主权latitude悲观的pessimistic静止的static乐观的optimistic动态的dynamic灵活的flexible抵抗resistance敌对antagonism折中eclectic鼓励motivation潜意识subconscious地位status情感affection欲望desire压力pressure满足satisfaction自我实现的需要needs forself-actualization 尊敬的需要esteem needs归属的需要affiliation needs平安的需要security needs生理的需要physiological needs 维持maintenance保健hygiene鼓励因素motivator概率probability强化理论reinforcement theory 反应feedback奖金bonus股票期权stock option劳资纠纷labor dispute缺勤率absenteeism人员流动turnover奖励reward特许经营franchise热诚zeal信心confidence鼓舞inspire要素ingredient忠诚loyalty奉献devotion作风style品质trait适应性adaptability进取性aggressiveness热情enthusiasm毅力persistence人际交往能力interpersonal skills 行政管理能力administrative ability智力intelligence专制式领导autocratic leader民主式领导democratic leader自由放任式领导free-rein leader 管理方格图the managerial grid工作效率work efficiency服从obedience领导行为leader behavior支持型领导supportive leadership 参与型领导participative leadership指导型领导instrumental leadership成就取向型领导achievement-oriented leadership Action learning：行动学习Alternation ranking method：交替排序法Annual bonus：年终分红Application forms：工作申请表Appraisal interview：评价面试Aptitudes：资质Arbitration：仲裁Attendance incentive plan：参与式鼓励方案Authority：职权Behavior modeling：行为模拟Behaviorally anchored rating scale (bars)：行为锚定等级评价法Benchmark job：基准职位Benefits：福利Bias：个人偏见Boycott：联合抵抗Bumping/layoff procedures：工作替换/临时解雇程序Burnout：耗竭Candidate-order error：候选人次序错误Capital accumulation program：资本积累方案Career anchors：职业锚Career cycle：职业周期Career planning and development：职业规划与职业开展Case study method：案例研究方法Central tendency：居中趋势Citations：传讯Civil Rights Act：民权法Classes：类Classification (or grading) method：归类〔或分级〕法Collective bargaining：集体谈判Comparable worth：可比价值Compensable factor：报酬因素Computerized forecas：计算机化预测Content validity：内容效度Criterion validity：效标效度Critical incident method：关键事件法Davis-Bacon Act (DBA)：戴维斯─佩根法案Day-to-day-collective bargaining：日常集体谈判Decline stage：下降阶段Deferred profit-sharing plan：延期利润分享方案Defined benefit：固定福利Defined contribution：固定缴款Department of Labor job analysis：劳工部工作分析法Discipline：纪律Dismissal：解雇；开除Downsizing：精简Early retirement window：提前退休窗口Economic strike：经济罢工Edgar Schein：艾德加．施恩Employee compensation：职员报酬Employee orientation：雇员上岗引导Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) ：雇员退休收入保障法案Employee services benefits：雇员效劳福利Employee stock ownership plan (ESOP)：雇员持股方案Equal Pay Act：公平工资法Establishment stage：确立阶段Exit interviews：离职面谈Expectancy chart：期望图表Experimentation：实验Exploration stage：探索阶段Fact-finder：调查Fair day's work：公平日工作Fair Labor Standards Act：公平劳动标准法案Flexible benefits programs：弹性福利方案Flex place：弹性工作地点Flextime：弹性工作时间Forced distribution method：强制分布法Four-day workweek：每周4天工作制Frederick Taylor：弗雷德里克．泰罗Functional control：职能控制Functional job analysis：功能性工作分析法Gain sharing：收益分享General economic conditions：一般经济状况Golden offerings：高龄给付Good faith bargaining：真诚的谈判Grade description：等级说明书Grades：等级Graphic rating scale：图尺度评价法Grid training：方格训练Grievance：抱怨Grievance procedure：抱怨程序Group life insurance：团体人寿保险Group pension plan：团体退休金方案Growth stage：成长阶段Guarantee corporation：担保公司Guaranteed fair treatment：有保证的公平对待Guaranteed piecework plan：有保障的计件工资制Halo effect：晕轮效应Health maintenance organization (HMO) ：健康维持组织Illegal bargaining：非法谈判工程Impasse：僵持Implied authority：隐含职权Incentive plan：鼓励方案Individual retirement account (IRA) ：个人退休账户In-house development center：企业内部开发中心Insubordination：不服从Insurance benefits：保险福利Interviews：谈话；面谈Job analysis：工作分析Job description：工作描述Job evaluation：职位评价Job instruction training (JIT) ：工作指导培训Job posting：工作公告Job rotation：工作轮换Job sharing：工作分组Job specifications：工作说明书John Holland：约翰．霍兰德Junior board：初级董事会Layoff：临时解雇Leader attach training：领导者匹配训练Lifetime employment without guarantees：无保证终身解雇Line manager：直线管理者Local market conditions：地方劳动力市场Lockout：闭厂Maintenance stage：维持阶段Management assessment center：管理评价中心Management by objectives (MBO)：目标管理法Management game：管理竞赛Management grid：管理方格训练Management process：管理过程Mandatory bargaining：强制谈判工程Mediation：调解Merit pay：绩效工资Merit raise：绩效加薪Mid career crisis sub stage：中期职业危机阶段Nondirective interview：非定向面试Occupational market conditions：职业市场状况Occupational orientation：职业性向Occupational Safety and Health Act：职业平安与健康法案Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)：职业平安与健康管理局Occupational skills：职业技能On-the-job training (OJT) ：在职培训Open-door：敞开门户Opinion survey：意见调查Organization development(OD)：组织开展Outplacement counseling：向外安置参谋Paired comparison method：配比照拟法Panel interview：小组面试Participant diary/logs：现场工人日记/日志Pay grade：工资等级Pension benefits：退休金福利Pension plans：退休金方案People-first values："以人为本"的价值观Performance analysis：工作绩效分析Performance Appraisal interview：工作绩效评价面谈Personnel (or human resource) management：人事〔或人力资源〕管理Personnel replacement charts：人事调配图Piecework：计件Plant Closing law：工厂关闭法Point method Policies：政策Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ) ：职位分析问卷Position replacement cards：职位调配卡Pregnancy discrimination act：怀孕歧视法案Profit-sharing plan：利润分享方案Programmed learning：程序化教学Qualifications inventories：资格数据库Quality circle：质量圈Ranking method：排序法Rate ranges：工资率系列Ratio analysis：比率分析Reality shock：现实冲击Reliability：信度Retirement：退休Retirement benefits：退休福利Retirement counseling：退休前咨询Rings of defense：保护圈Role playing：角色扮演Salary surveys：薪资调查Savings plan：储蓄方案Scallion plan：斯坎伦方案Scatter plot：散点分析Scientific management：科学管理Self directed teams：自我指导工作小组Self-actualization：自我实现Sensitivity training：敏感性训练Serialized interview：系列化面试Severance pay：离职金Sick leave：病假Situational interview：情境面试Skip-level interview：越级谈话Social security：社会保障Speak up! ：讲出来！Special awards：特殊奖励Special management development techniques：特殊的管理开发技术Stabilization sub stage：稳定阶段Staff (service) function：职能〔效劳〕功能Standard hour plan：标准工时工资Stock option：股票期权Straight piecework：直接计件制Strategic plan：战略规划Stress interview：压力面试Strictness/leniency：偏紧/偏松Strikes：罢工Structured interview：结构化面试Succession planning：接班方案Supplement pay benefits：补充报酬福利Supplemental unemployment benefits：补充失业福利Survey feedback：调查反应Sympathy strike：同情罢工System Ⅳ：组织体系ⅣSystem I：组织体系Task analysis：任务分析Team building：团队建设Team or group：班组Termination：解雇；终止Termination at will：随意终止Theory X：X理论Theory Y：Y理论Third-party involvement：第三方介入Training：培训Transactional analysis (TA) ：人际关系心理分析Trend analysis：趋势分析Trial sub stage：尝试阶段Unclear performance standards：绩效评价标准不清Unemployment insurance：失业保险Unfair labor practice strike：不正当劳工活动罢工Unsafe acts：不平安行为Unsafe conditions：不平安环境Validity：效度Value-based hiring：以价值观为根底的雇佣Vroom-Yetton leadership trainman：维罗姆-耶顿领导能力训练Variable compensation：可变报酬Vestibule or simulated training：新雇员培训或模拟Vesting：特别保护权Voluntary bargaining：自愿谈判工程Voluntary pay cut：自愿减少工资方案Voluntary time off：自愿减少时间Wage carve：工资曲线Work samples：工作样本Work sampling technique：工作样本技术Work sharing：临时性工作分担Worker involvement：雇员参与方案Worker's benefits：雇员福利Adaptability 适应性Aligning Performance for Success 协调工作以求成功业绩Applied Learning 应用的知识Building a Successful Team 建立成功团队Building Customer Loyalty 对客户忠诚Building Partnerships 建立合作关系Building Strategic Working Relationships 建立战略性工作关系Building Trust 建立互信关系Coaching 辅导Communication 沟通Continuous Learning 不断学习Contributing to Team Success 对团队成功的奉献Customer Focus 以客户为中心Decision Making 决策Delegating Responsibility 授权Developing Others 开展他人Drive for Results 注重实效Energy 精力充分Facilitation Change 推动变革Follow-up 跟进Formal Presentation 专业演讲技巧Gaining Commitment 具有使命感Impact 影响力Information Monitoring 采集信息Initiating Action 主动采取行动Innovation 创新Job Fit 胜任工作Leading Through Mission and Values 在使命与价值的认同中的领导才能Managing Conflict 解决冲突Managing Work (Includes Time Management) 管理工作〔时间管理〕Meeting Leadership 会议组织能力Meeting Participation 分享Negotiation 谈判Planning and Organizing 编制方案与组织能力Quality Orientation 质量定位Risk Taking 勇于冒险Safety Awareness 平安意识Sales Ability / Persuasiveness 销售能力/说服能力Strategic Leadership / Decision Making 战略性领导/决策制定Stress Tolerance 压力忍受能力Technical / Professional Knowledge and Skills 技术专业知识和技能Tenacity 坚忍不拔Work Standards 操作标准Action learning：行动学习Alternation ranking method：交替排序法Annual bonus：年终分红Application forms：工作申请表Appraisal interview：评价面试Aptitudes：资质Arbitration：仲裁Attendance incentive plan：参与式鼓励方案Authority：职权Behavior modeling：行为模拟Behaviorally anchored rating scale (bars)：行为锚定等级评价法Benchmark job：基准职位Benefits：福利Bias：个人偏见Boycott：联合抵抗Bumping/layoff procedures：工作替换/临时解雇程序Burnout：耗竭Candidate-order error：候选人次序错误Capital accumulation program：资本积累方案Career anchors：职业锚Career cycle：职业周期Career planning and development：职业规划与职业开展Case study method：案例研究方法Central tendency：居中趋势Citations：传讯Civil Rights Act：民权法Classes：类Classification (or grading) method：归类〔或分级〕法集体谈判Comparable worth：可比价值Compensable factor：报酬因素Computerized forecast：计算机化预测Content validity：内容效度Criterion validity：效标效度Critical incident method：关键事件法Davis-Bacon Act (DBA)：戴维斯―佩根法案Day-to-day-collective bargaining：日常集体谈判Decline stage：下降阶段Deferred profit-sharing plan：延期利润分享方案Defined benefit：固定福利Defined contribution：固定缴款Department of Labor job analysis：劳工部工作分析法Discipline：纪律Dismissal：解雇；开除Downsizing：精简Early retirement window：提前退休窗口Economic strike：经济罢工Edgar Schein：艾德加•施恩Employee compensation：职员报酬Employee orientation：雇员上岗引导Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) ：雇员退休收入保障法案Employee services benefits：雇员效劳福利Employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) ：雇员持股方案Equal Pay Act：公平工资法Establishment stage：确立阶段Exit interviews：离职面谈Expectancy chart：期望图表Experimentation：实验Exploration stage：探索阶段Fact-finder：调查Fair day’s work：公平日工作Fair Labor Standards Act：公平劳动标准法案Flexible benefits programs：弹性福利方案Flex place：弹性工作地点Flextime：弹性工作时间Forced distribution method：强制分布法Four-day workweek：每周天工作制Frederick Taylor：弗雷德里克•泰罗Functional control：职能控制Functional job analysis：功能性工作分析法沟通Communication个人开展Personal Development 电子学习e-Learning工程管理Project Management领导艺术Leadership团队建设Team Building管理Management商务管理类行政管理Administrative Support 人力资源Human Resources商法Business Law行业Industry客户效劳Customer Service知识管理Knowledge Management电子商务e-Business市场Marketing金融/财会Finance & Accounting企业运营Operations财务效劳Financial Services销售Salesable 有才干的，能干的adaptable 适应性强的active 主动的，活泼的aggressive 有进取心的ambitious 有雄心壮志的amiable 和蔼可亲的amicable 友好的analytical 善于分析的apprehensive 有理解力的aspiring 有志气的，有抱负的audacious 大胆的，有冒险精神的capable 有能力的，有才能的careful 办理仔细的candid 正直的competent 能胜任的constructive 建设性的cooperative 有合作精神的creative 富创造力的dedicated 有奉献精神的dependable 可靠的diplomatic 老练的，有策略的disciplined 守纪律的dutiful 尽职的well--educated 受过良好教育的efficient 有效率的energetic 精力充分的expressivity 善于表达faithful 守信的，忠诚的frank 直率的，真诚的generous 宽宏大量的genteel 有教养的gentle 有礼貌的humorous 有幽默impartial 公正的independent 有主见的industrious 勤奋的ingenious 有独创性的motivated 目的明确的intelligent 理解力强的learned精通某门学问的logical 条理清楚的methodical有方法的modest 谦虚的objective 客观的precise 一丝不苟的punctual 严守时刻的realistic 实事求是的responsible 负责的sensible 明白事理的sporting 光明正大的steady 踏实的systematic 有系统的purposeful 意志坚强的sweet-tempered 性情温和的temperate 稳健的tireless 孜孜不倦的name 姓名in. 英寸pen name 笔名ft. 英尺alias 别名street 街Mr. 先生road 路Miss 小姐district 区Ms 〔小姐或太太〕house number 门牌Mrs. 太太lane 胡同，巷age 年龄height 身高blood type 血型weight 体重address 地址born 生于permanent address 永久住址birthday 生日province 省birthdate 出生日期city 市birthplace 出生地点county 县home phone 住宅prefecture 专区office phone 办公autonomous region 自治区business phone 办公nationality 民族；国籍current address 目前住址citizenship 国籍date of birth 出生日期native place 籍贯postal code 邮政编码duel citizenship 双重国籍marital status 婚姻状况family status 家庭状况married 已婚single 未婚divorced 离异separated 分居number of children 子女人数health condition 健康状况health 健康状况excellent 〔身体〕极佳short-sighted 近视far-sighted 远视ID card 身份证date of availability 可到职时间membership 会员、资格president 会长vice-president 副会长director 理事standing director 常务理事society 学会association 协会secretary-general 秘书长research society 研究会work experience 工作经历occupational history 工作经历professional history 职业经历specific experience 具体经历responsibilities 职责second job 第二职业achievements 工作成就，业绩administer 管理assist 辅助adapted to 适应于accomplish 完成〔任务等〕appointed 被认命的adept in 善于analyze 分析authorized 委任的；核准的behave 表现break the record 打破纪录breakthrough 关键问题的解决control 控制conduct 经营，处理cost 本钱；费用create 创造demonstrate 证明，示范decrease减少design 设计develop 开发，发挥devise 设计，创造direct 指导double 加倍，翻一番earn 获得，赚取effect 效果，作用eliminate 消除enlarge 扩大enrich 使丰富exploit 开发〔资源，产品〕enliven 搞活establish 设立〔公司等〕；使开业evaluation 估价，评价execute 实行，实施expedite 加快；促进generate 产生good at 擅长于guide 指导；操纵improve 改良，提高initiate 创始，开创innovate 改革，革新invest 投资integrate 使结合；使一体化justified 经证明的；合法化的launch 开办〔新企业〕maintain 保持；维修modernize 使现代化negotiate 谈判nominated 被提名；被认命的overcome 克服perfect 使完善；改善perform 执行，履行profit 利润be promoted to 被提升为be proposed as 被提名〔推荐〕为realize 实现〔目标〕获得〔利润〕reconstruct 重建recorded 记载的refine 精练，精制registered 已注册的regenerate 更新，使再生replace 接替，替换retrieve 挽回revenue 收益，收入scientific 科学的，系统的self-dependence 自力更生serve 效劳，供职settle 解决〔问题等〕shorten 减低……效能simplify 简化，精简spread 传播，扩大standard 标准，规格supervises 监督，管理supply 供应，满足systematize 使系统化test 试验，检验well-trained 训练有素的valuable 有价值的target 目标，指标working model 劳动模范advanced worker 先进工作者education 学历educational history 学历educational background 教育程度curriculum 课程major 主修minor 副修educational highlights 课程重点局部curriculum included 课程包括specialized courses 专门课程courses taken 所学课程special training 特别训练social practice 社会实践part-time jobs 业馀工作summer jobs 暑期工作vacation jobs 假期工作refresher course 进修课程extracurricular activities 课外活动physical activities 体育活动recreational activities 娱乐活动academic activities 学术活动social activities 社会活动rewards 奖励scholarship 奖学金excellent League member 优秀团员excellent leader 优秀干部student council 学生会off-job training 脱产培训in-job training 在职培训educational system 学制academic year 学年semester 学期〔美〕term 学期〔英〕supervisor 论文导师pass 及格fail 不及格marks 分数examination 考试degree 学位post doctorate 博士后doctor(PhD) 博士master 硕士bachelor 学士graduate student 研究生abroad student 留学生abroad student 留学生undergraduate 大学肆业生government-supported student公费生commoner 自费生extern 走读生intern 实习生prize fellow 奖学金生boarder 寄宿生graduate 毕业生guest student 旁听生〔英〕auditor 旁听生〔美〕day-student 走读生objective 目标position desired 希望职位job objective 工作目标employment objective 工作目标career objective 职业目标position sought 谋求职位position wanted 希望职位position applied for 申请职位for more specialized work 为更专门的工作for prospects of promotion 为晋升的前途for higher responsibility 为更高层次的工作责任for wider experience 为扩大工作经验due to close-down of company 由于公司倒闭due to expiry of employment 由于雇用期满sought a better ob 找到了更好的工作to seek a better job 找一份更好的工作hobbies 业馀爱好play the guitar 弹吉他reading 阅读play chess 下棋play 话剧long distance running 长跑play bridge 打桥牌collecting stamps 集邮play tennis 打网球jogging 慢跑sewing 缝纫traveling 旅游listening to symphony 听交响乐do some clay sculptures 搞泥塑工作投入度：Work devotion degrees后备人员：Reserve personnel业务人员：Business personnel。
技术接受模型及其相关理论的比较研究
［３］Ａｊｚｅｎ Ｉ ａｎｄ Ｆｉｓｈｂｅｉｎ Ｍ．ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇ Ａｔｔｉｔｕｄｅｓ ａｎｄ Ｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｉｎｇ Ｓ０ｃｉａｌ Ｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒ［Ｍ］．Ｐｒｅｎｔｉｃｅ－Ｈａｌｌ， Ｅｎｇｌｅｗｏｏｄ Ｃｌｉｆｆｓ，ＮＪ，１９８０．
［４］Ａｊｚｅｎ Ｉ（１９８５）．Ｆｍｍ ｉｎｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ ｔｏ ａｃｔｉｏｎｓ：ａ ｔｈｅｏｒｙ ｏｆ ｐｌａｎｎｅｄ ｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒ［Ｊ］．Ｉｎ：Ｊ．Ｋｕｈｌ＆Ｊ．Ｂｅｃｋｍ— ａｎｎ（Ｅｄｓ），Ａｃｔｉｏｎ－ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ：ｆｒｏｍ ｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｖｅ ｔｏ ｂｅｈａ— ｖｉｏ“１ １—３９）．Ｈｅｉｄｅｌｂｅ唱：Ｓｐｒｉ“ｇ．
中图分类号：Ｇ３０２
文献标识码：Ａ
文章编号：１００ｌ一７３４８（２００５）１０一０１７６—０３
Ｏ前言
随着计算机和信息技术的发展，２０世纪 ８０年代以来，组织的投资中有大概５０％是 用于信息技术方面【ｌＩ】。技术虽然能够改善组 织的生产效率，但是它们必须首先被组织的 人员所接受。研究用户对技术的接受行为被 认为是当代信息系统中最成熟的研究领域 之一【“。在这方面的研究中产生了很多理论 模型‰６．７一，…。其中最有代表性的是理性行为 理论、计划行为理论和技术接受模型。
［Ｊ］．魄ａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎａｌ Ｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒ ａｎｄ Ｈｕｍａｎ Ｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎ
IBM-Ariba企业支出管理解决方案说明说明书
we knowthey knowS p e n d m a n a g e m e nt e-b u s i n e s sESM solutions put spend visibility in focus, giving your company the abilityto better identify trends, track expendi-tures and forecast for strategic planning. At the same time, you gain the abilityto standardize procurement processes and improve supplier connectivity and relationships. By helping to reduce pro-cess costs and maximize the value of every transaction, the benefi ts of ESM go straight to the bottom line.IBM and Ariba have joined forces to bring you a comprehensive solution designed from the ground up to manage and optimize enterprisewide spend.The IBM-Ariba alliance provides a suite of integrated offerings, leveraging IBMe-business expertise and the Ariba®Spend Management™ Suite, which enable you to manage, control and leverage the entire spend lifecycle.Pinpoint spending leaks. Plug them. Save. With ESM, chief fi nancial offi cers and procurement professionals fi nally have access to a single, centralized solution that puts them in control of spend.At the heart of the IBM-Ariba ESM solution is the Ariba Spend Management Suite, which integrates analysis, sourcing and procurement solutions to give youa straightforward approach to managing spend. Our solution will help you fi nd where you can save money, get the most savings possible and keep those savings on an ongoing basis. Analysis—fi nd savingsTo fi nd potential savings, your companymust scrutinize every spend processcategory.• Ariba® Analysis™ is an application thatenables you to collect and analyze com-plex spend data so you can understandcurrent spending patterns and identifyopportunities for improvement. AribaAnalysis provides a single repository ofaccurate spend data and easy-to-usetools to analyze that data, whichcan help your company identify sourc-ing opportunities, consolidate demandacross divisions and spot emergingtrends. Buyers are able to negotiatebetter pricing terms, and identifyingmaverick users who are not buying withcontracted suppliers becomes easier.Sourcing—get savingsThe ability to automate the sourcingprocess, negotiate better contracts withsuppliers and improve sourcing pro-ductivity is essential to reducing andcontrolling costs, and increasing savings.• Ariba® Enterprise Sourcing™ helps youachieve greater competitive advan-tage and profi tability by moving fromtraditional, event-based sourcing toenterprise sourcing. Ariba EnterpriseSourcing streamlines and automatesthe entire sourcing process, fromdefi nition and aggregation of spendingrequirements to supplier manage-ment, negotiation and establishmentof optimal contracts with suppliers.Buyers and suppliers can capturepurchasing trade-offs and optimizesourcing activities with fl exible biddingoptions and decision support tools.Procurement—keep savingsDriving widespread compliance withnegotiated contracts enables you to keepand sustain savings. The Ariba Procure-ment Solution provides plan-to-payfunctionality and requisitioning capabilityto help drive enterprisewide compliancewith negotiated contracts. Ariba Procure-ment Solution applications include:• Ariba® Buyer™—an integral part of theAriba Spend Management Suite andhub of the Ariba Procurement Solution.It provides requisition managementand online purchasing capabilities forall users and commodities. Ariba Buyersecurely automates the full buying cycle for improved management and tracking of spend. In addition to restricting maverick buying and other uncontrolled spending by driving com-pliance with negotiated contracts, Ariba Buyer delivers rapid cost savingsby increasing the effi ciency of the entire procurement process from requi-sition to payment—slashing transaction expenses, decreasing cycle times and leveraging supplier relationships.• Ariba® Contracts™—a new application that helps your procurement profes-sionals manage contract usage and compliance, and eliminate contract leakage. Ariba Contracts provides com-prehensive enterprisewide management of the entire contract lifecycle and pro-vides buyers access to a centralized repository of contracted products and services. From Ariba Contracts’ central-ized contract management tool, buyers can launch purchasing transactions, extend contracts, renegotiate service terms and monitor the compliance levels of suppliers. • Ariba® Invoice™—a new applicationthat automates and streamlines everystep in the invoicing process to helpyour company reduce reconciliationcycle times and improve exceptionhandling. Ariba Invoice replacesmanual and paper-intensive activitieswith effi cient electronic invoicing. AribaInvoice provides an intuitive user inter-face, robust workfl ow-based exceptionhandling and realtime supplier commu-nication for greater time, resource andcost effi ciencies.• Ariba® Workforce™—extends thebenefi ts and cost savings of ESM tothe procurement of temporary staffi ng,contractors and consulting services.By automating the complete workforceprocurement lifecycle, Ariba Workforceenables you to dramatically improveprocess effi ciency, cut costs, enhancesupplier collaboration and interaction,reduce billing and payment errors, andbetter understand and manage yourcontingent worker spend.The Ariba Spend Management Suite alsoincludes Ariba® Supplier Network™ (AribaSN), the most widely adopted globalcommerce network for transparent col-laboration between buyers, suppliers anddistribution channels, with over 32,000enabled vendors. Ariba SN providescompanies and their suppliers with asingle point of connection to facilitate allspend management processes.Industry-leading e-business know-how,infrastructure and support servicesIBM and Ariba provide advancedtechnology solutions and services tohelp businesses reap the greatestpossible benefi ts from ESM. Together,we can help your business rapidly inte-grate ESM solutions and cutting-edgetechnologies into your infrastructure tomaximize business opportunities.IBM offers a single point-of-contact,including hardware, software,services, support and fi nancing forquick implementation and dynamicexecution. IBM has built valuechains—using proven, comprehensivesolutions and services—for every indus-try. IBM capabilities encompass businesstransformation consulting, implementationand support services, middleware,hardware and outsourcing.“The IBM team expertly integrated Ariba Buyer withour backend enterprise systems and deployed thesolution in just 67 days—enabling an even fasterreturn on investment.”—Dan Olsen, director of Supply Management Services, Hydro OneIBM service professionals have the knowledge and skills to quickly deploy and adapt processes and applications worldwide. Based on experience work-ing with a wide range of information technology systems—including complex, heterogeneous environments—IBM can leverage your infrastructure to help auto-mate end-to-end ESM processes.IBM technology and capabilities include:Services—IBM offers a variety of stra-tegic consulting services to help your company determine its ESM strategy, then implement it using our knowledge of e-business and industry best prac-tices and leading methodologies. IBM can also host and manage your ESM solution so your information technology team can focus on core competencies.Software—IBM has combined databasestrengths in IBM DB2®, security strengthsin Tivoli® systems and e-business inte-gration solutions with powerful offeringssuch as IBM WebSphere MQ and theIBM WebSphere® business integrationsolutions, so that IBM can help youintegrate existing systems (legacy, ERPand more) with new ESM applicationsfrom Ariba.Hardware—IBM robust solutions powere-commerce around the world. Forexample, the IBM ^ line, fromIntel-based servers to mainframes, isdesigned to provide the best scalability,availability and dependability to fi t yourbusiness requirements.IBM also has an extensive system-and solution-testing infrastructure, sup-ported by a team of several thousandprofessionals at more than 100 sitesworldwide. Research and developmentexperts test product interoperability,scalability, proof of concepts and perfor-mance to drive ultimate benefi ts for you.Becoming spend-wise with help from IBMand AribaIBM and Ariba have merged advancedtechnology, high-level e-businessinfrastructure and swift implementationcapabilities to help you gain enterprise-wide spend visibility quickly and easily.IBM, with our e-business expertise andglobal implementation and consultingservices, is ready to power your businesswith a comprehensive, world-class ESMsolution. And the integrated and auto-mated Ariba Spend Management Suitefor analysis, sourcing and procurementprovides effective management solu-tions for the full spend lifecycle. Supplierconnectivity and relationships take onwhole new meanings. As does processcontrol. The money that was once lostto unobserved processes, poor com-munication and loose relationships cannow be found, captured and kept. Andthe savings goes straight to where youneed it most—the bottom line.For more informationTo learn more about IBM and Ariba ESMsolutions, please call 1 866 426-6010or visit:Ariba spend management:• Signifi cant reductions in spend•Enterprisewide visibility and control•Spend lifecycle solution—analysis, sourcing and procurement© Copyright IBM Corporation 2002IBM Corporation1133 Westchester AvenueWhite Plains, NY 10604U.S.A.IBM, the IBM logo, the e(logo), the e-business logo,DB2, Tivoli and WebSphere are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business MachinesCorporation in the United States, other countries, or both.References in this publication to IBM products orservices do not imply that IBM intends to make them available in all countries in which IBM operates.© 2002 Ariba, Inc.Ariba, Inc.1565 Charleston RoadMountain View, CA 94043U.S.A.Ariba and the Ariba logo are trademarks, or registered trademarks of Ariba, Inc. Ariba Spend Management, Ariba Analysis, Ariba Buyer, Ariba Contracts, AribaEnterprise Sourcing, Ariba Invoice, Ariba SupplierNetwork and Ariba Workforce are trademarks orservice marks of Ariba, Inc.Other company, product and service names may be trademarks or service marks of others.Printed in the United States of America04-02All Rights ReservedG580-3384-01。
Oracle Hospitality Suite8 Demand 360 Business Inte
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公共场合中的英文
英文无处不在到公共场合别再看不懂了！编英文标识1、Business Hours 营业时间2、Office Hours 办公时间3、Entrance 入口4、Exit 出口5、Push 推6、Pull 拉7、Shut 此路不通8、On 打开 ( 放)9、Off 关10、Open 营业11、Pause 暂停12、Stop 关闭13、Closed 下班14、Menu 菜单15、Fragile 易碎16、This Side Up 此面向上17、Introductions 说明18、One Street 单行道19、Keep Right/Left 靠左/右20、Buses Only 只准公共汽车通过21、Wet Paint 油漆未干22、Danger 危险23、Lost and Found 失物招领处24、Give Way 快车先行25、Safety First 安全第一26、Filling Station 加油站27、No Smoking 禁止吸烟28、No Photos 请勿拍照29、No Visitors 游人止步30、No Entry 禁止入内31、No Admittance 闲人免进32、No Honking 禁止鸣喇叭33、Parting 停车处34、Toll Free 免费通行35、F.F.快进36、Rew. 倒带37、EMS (邮政)特快专递38、Insert Here 此处插入39、Open Here 此处开启40、Split Here 此处撕开41、Mechanical Help 车辆修理42、“AA”Film 十四岁以下禁看电影43、Do Not Pass 禁止超车44、No U Turn 禁止掉头45、U Turn Ok 可以U形转弯46、No Cycling in the School校内禁止骑车47、SOS 紧急求救信号48、Hands Wanted 招聘49、Staff Only 本处职工专用50、No Litter 勿乱扔杂物51、Hands Off 请勿用手摸52、Keep Silence 保持安静53、On Sale 削价出售54、No Bills 不准张贴55、Not for Sale 恕不出售56、Pub 酒店57、Cafe 咖啡馆、小餐馆58、Bar 酒巴59、Laundry 洗衣店60、Travel Agency 旅行社61、In Shade 置于阴凉处62、Keep in Dark Place 避光保存63、Poison 有毒/毒品64、Guard against Damp 防潮65、Beware of Pickpocket 谨防扒手66、Complaint Box 意见箱67、For Use Only in Case of Fire 灭火专用68、Bakery 面包店69、Keep Dry 保持干燥70、Information 问讯处71、No Passing 禁止通行72、No Angling 不准垂钓73、Shooting Prohibited 禁止打猎74、Seat by Number 对号入座75、Protect Public Propety 爱护公共财物76、Ticket Office(or ：Booking Office)售票处77、Visitors Please Register 来宾登记78、Wipe Your Shoes And Boots请擦去鞋上的泥土79、Men“s/Gentlemen/Gents Room 男厕所80、Women“s/Ladies/Ladies“ Room女厕所81、Occupied （厕所）有人82、Vacant （厕所）无人83、Commit No Nuisance 禁止小便84、Net(Weight) 净重85、MAN：25032002 生产日期：2002年3月25日86、EXP：25032002 失效期：2002年3月25日87、Admission Free免费入场88、Bike Park(ing) 自行车存车处89、Children and Women First 妇女、儿童优先90、Save Food 节约粮食91、Save Energy 节约能源92、Handle with Care 小心轻放93、Dogs Not Allowed 禁止携犬入内94、Keep Away From Fire 切勿近火95、Reduced Speed Now 减速行驶96、Road Up. Detour 马路施工，请绕行97、Keep Top Side Up 请勿倒立98、Take Care Not to Leave Things Behind 当心不要丢失东西99、Please Return the Back After Use 用毕放回架上100、Luggage Depository 行李存放处A .Admission by invitation only/ticket only凭邀请/票入内Admission/admittence ?Free(ALL ARE FREE)免费入场All Reserved全部预订完All Sold Out 全部售空C.Children And Woman Admitted 妇女、儿童入内Children Under Meter Admitted Free 1米以下儿童免费Closed/Open停止/正在营业Cameras Forbidden 禁止拍照Commit No Nuisance禁止小便D.Danger, Keep Out 危险,请勿入内E ?Entrance 入口Exit 出口Emergency Door安全门Engaged 有人占用G .Gentlemen /Ladies 男/女厕所(W.C./Restroom/Toilet)H.Hands Off 勿动手N.No Admission/Admitence Except On Business闲人免进No Admittence Without A Pass凭通行证入场No Bills (Circulars)不准张贴No Haners不得在此叫卖No Scribblings 请勿乱画乱图No Smoking/Spitting/Littering禁止吸烟/吐痰/乱扔O.Off Limits 禁止入内Out Of Bounds游客止步P.Pay Attention To Publec Hydgens注意公共卫生Pull Full Price For Anything Damages损坏东西,照价赔偿Please Check And See If The Money Is Right, We Are Not Responsible After You Leave.钱款当面点清,过后概不负责Please Save The Bill For Three Days请保留三天Please Show Your Id Card 请出示身份证Q.Queue Or Line Up For Tickets请排队买票S.See To Fire(Be Ware Of Fire/Furious Dogs/ Sticky Finger)小心着火Silence 肃静Sit By Number 对号入座Staff Or Members Only 员工专用T.Tickets Holders Only 凭票上车This Ticket Is Valid For Three Days.本票三天内有效This Ticket Good Only On The Day Issued本票签发当日有效V.Vacant 无人占用Triffic SignsA.Authorized Cars Only 专用停车场B.Baggage Check-In /Claim行李托运处/领取处C.Customs海关检查处D.Domestic Arrivals (Departures)国内航班入/出港Detour Ahead前方有弯道Do Not Speak To The Driver While Bus Is In Motion 汽车行驶中,请勿与司机交谈G.Gravel Road沙石路段H.Hump/Dip 凹凸不平,减速行驶I.Interantional 国际航班K.Keep Left /Right请靠左右行L.Left Luggage Office 行李寄存处N.No Parking Day Or Night日夜禁止停车No Parking In Drive Way车辆出入,禁止停车No Parking 禁止停车No Tooting/ Honking /Horn严禁鸣笛No Overtaking On Bridge桥上行驶,勿超车No U TurnNo Right TurnNo Through Road 请绕行No Cycling Double不准骑车带人No Through Fare此路不通O.One Lane Bridge单行桥P.Pedenestrain Crossing Ahead前有人行道Please Pay Driver请向司机付费Please Pay Conductor 请向售票员付费Pull Signal Card Once When Approaching The Stop Required.快到车站时,请拉铃Pay The Corrict Fare, There Are Severe Penalties For Fare Evasion.请按要价付费,逃费者处以重罚Please State Your Destination When Paying Your FarePlease Vacate This Seat For A Disabled Person If Required.R.Riding On Platform, Prohibited严禁站台骑车S.Sharp Turn Ahead 前有急弯Security ?Check安全检查处Stop On Red Signal红灯亮请停止Steep Descent陡下坡Steep Climb(Rapid Ascent)陡上坡Safety Island(Traffic Island)安全岛Stand Clear Invalid Opening Door车门向内开,请勿靠近T.Transit Passenger中转旅客签证处V.Veniclar Entry车辆入口处Business Signs 店招A.Auto Services 汽车维修Any Damages Or Breakages Must Be Paid For 损坏东西,必须赔偿Acid With Care 酸性腐蚀品,请当心B.Bottle Shop/Bottle Service/Bottle Sales瓶装酒经销店Butcher/Butchery 肉店Barber(General)理发店Beauty Parlour 美容院Business Hours:/Office Hours营业时间Business As Usual 照常营业Business Suspended暂停营业Bottom This Side Up此端朝上C.Center Of Gravity/Point Of Strength 重心Clearance Price 清仓贱卖价Crazy Price 疯狂大减价Customers Please Refrain From Entering This Area顾客请止步Come On In 顾客请进Come On Up顾客请上楼Come On Down顾客请下楼Closed For Repairs 店内装修,暂停营业Closed For Holiday 假日休息,暂停营业Closed For Meeting 会务期间, 暂停营业Closed For Stock-Taking 今日盘点 ,暂停营业Corrosing 腐蚀品D.Dollar Bookshop一元书店Disposal Shop清仓处理店Duty Free Shop 免税商店Drumcity-Everything Musical鼓城乐器大全Dog Shop养狗用品商店Discount 折扣店Do Not Litter 请勿乱扔Do Not Dump Rubbish Here请勿在此倒垃圾Do Not Proceed Beyond Rail请勿翻越栏杆Do Not Drop 请勿摔打Do Not Stow On Deck 请勿在甲板上堆放Do Not Crush 禁止挤压E.Explosive 易爆品F.Funeral Directions 承办丧礼Funeral Parlour殡仪馆Furniture Center家具城Feel Free To Browse Around, You’Re Under No Obligation To BuyFire Can Be Dangerous, Please Don’T Drop Lighted Cigarettes And Matches Fragile 易碎品G.Government Cars For Sale 官车贱卖商行Guard Against Fire/Damp/Cold/Heat警防烟火/受潮/受冻/受热H.Hair Salon 理发店Hairdressing Salon理发店(一般的)Hair Stylist发型设计Hours For Openning And Closong开放时间Hazardous Goods 危险品I.Instant Repair即时修理If It Breaks, We Consider It Sold To You 如人为损害,照价赔偿Issue Of Loan’S 借书处Inflammable 易燃品K.Keep Cool/ Dry 保持凉/干Keep Away 请勿靠近Keep Flat /Store Level 保持平整Keep In Hold仓如装运Keep On Deck 甲板装运Keep Upright竖直存放Keep Top Side Up 顶部朝上L.Liquor Shop 白酒商店Locksmith 锁店Look With Your Eyes, Please Don Not Touch请勿动手触摸Lift Here 此端起吊Liquid 液体M.Money Lender 钱庄Motor Funerals丧葬用车出租店N.No Rough Handling 禁止野蛮搬运Not For Sale 非卖品No Food Or Drinks To Be Brought In Shops 请不要把饮食带入商店No Running/Rough Play/Swearing/Chewing Gum/Glass Bottles/Dogs OrAlcohol,Allowed请不要跑/大闹/骂人/吃口香糖/No Entry By This Door 禁止从此门进入Next Teller Please 请到其它窗口办理O.Open 7 Days A WeekOpen This End 此端开启P.Preowned Car Broken 旧车转让中间商Peal Estate Agents 房地产代理行Pawn Broker典当行Please Keep This Site BeautifulPrivate Property, Keep Out. Trespassers Will Be Prosecuted;私人住宅,请勿入内, 闯入者,将法办Photography Inside Ols Government House Not 不准在古旧的政府大楼内拍照Please Put All Cards In Shut, Sit Down Until Called 请用病历排队Please Do Ot Throw Plastic And Paper, Rubbish Into This RiverPerishable 易变质品Q.Quality Body Beating车身精修R.Repair While U. Wait 即时修理,立等可取Return Of Loan’S 还书处S.Smash Prepaires 汽车大修Sale Price 贱卖价Special Buy 特价商品Same Day Service 当日维修Self-Service 自助服务Stow Away From Care 避免受热T.Toy Fisheries 渔具店Terrific Value 超值商品Thank You For Your Custom 感谢惠顾Take Your Litter With You, Pollution Is A Menace To Us AllThis Area Is Open For Inspection Only此区在检查时开放The Sales Section Stops Here; Admittance To This Area Is Prohibited 非营业区,禁止入内Top Stand On End 此端朝上The Manegement Reserves Right To Refuse Entry管理人员有权谢绝入内U.Used Car Dealer 旧车商行Unattended Children Not Allowed In Shop无人照顾儿童,谢绝入商场Use No Hooks 禁止钩吊W.Watchmaker:Quality Repair钟表精修。
商务英语 Business English
Free from Par ticular Averag e , With Partic ular Average, All Risks.
FOB（free on board）,CIF （cost,insura nce and freig ht），CFR （cost and fre ight）.
M/T（mail transf er）、T/T（teleg raphic transfer）、 D/D（demand dr aft）、D/P（doc uments against p aym ent） 、 D/A （documents aga i n st acce pt a nc e，）、L/C（lett er of credit）.
People or Organizations Engaged in Business:
Company, firm, enterprise, joint-venture, corporation, individual company, collective factory, private company, conglomerate ，m anager, merchant, salesman, businessman;
Business English
What does business English refer to you?
What do you want from our business English course?
characteristics of business english
Nick Brieger（1997）, the professor of business English, believes that business English should incl-ude language kno wledge、communication skills、professional content、man agement skills and cultu- ral awareness, etc. Since it is one o f the brunches of English language and serves as ESP ( Engl ish for Specific Purpose), business English has the comm-o n traits of common English as well as its unique c-haracteris tics in its vocabulary, formality, concrete language and conc ise sentences.
广东商学院各院课程(中英文翻译)
广东商学院各院课程(中英文翻译)一．管理学院The College of Management1. 管理学Management2. 生产与作业管理Production and Operation Management3. 业务流程管理Business Process Management4. 战略管理Strategic Management5. 质量管理Quality Management6. 分销渠道管理Distr i bu t io n Management7. 服务市场营销Service Marketing8. 零售学Retail Management9. 市场调研Marketing Research10. 消费者行为学Consumer Behavior11. 整合营销传播Integrated Marketing Communications12. 市场营销学M a r keting'13. 工作分析Job A n alysis14. 绩效管理Performance Manag em ent15. 劳动关系Labor R el at ions16. 劳动经济学Lab or Econo mics17. 人力资源管理H uman Resou r ce M a n ag em ent18. 薪酬管理P ay m e nt Management19. 员工素质测评Employee Assessment and Selection20. 组织行为学Organizational Behavior21. 仓储管理Warehouse and Storage Management22. 供应链管理Supply Chain Management23. 物流系统分析与设计Analysis and Design of Logistic System24. 物流学Logistics二．会计学院The College of Accounting1. 财务管理学Financial Management2. 成本与管理会计学Cost a n d Management Accoun t ing3. 初级财务管理Fundamentals o f Financial Management4. 初级财务会计学Primary Financial Accounting5. 高级财务管理学Advanced Financial Management6. 高级财务会计学Advanced Financial Accounting7. 会计信息系统A c counting Information System8. 会计学Accounting9. 审计学Auditing10. 中级财务管理I ntermediate Financial Manage ment11. 中级财务会计学(上) Intermedia te Financia l Ac c ounting (I)12. 中级财务会计学(下) Intermedia te Financia l Ac c ounting (I I)13. 资本市场运作Ca pit al Ma rk et Opera t io n三．财税与公共管理学院The Co ll ege o f T ax a t i on a nd P ub lic F i n a nce Admi n i strat i on1. 财政学Publi c Fin a nce2. 税收概论 A Survey of R even u e3. 税收管理Tax A d m ini s trati on4. 西方财政学W est Pu blic Fi n a nce .5. 财政预算F i scal B udg e t6. 中国税制C h in e se Tax Sy s t e m7. 国际税收Inte rn ati o nal R e v e n ue8. 当代中国政府与政治Contempo r ary Chin ese Government and Politics9. 管理学原理Principle of Man a g ement Science10. 领导科学The Science of L e a dership11. 行政管理学Administrati on12. 行政学说史 A H is tory o f Publi c Adm i nistration Theory13. 政治学Politics14. 组织行为学Or g aniz a tional Behavior15. 电子政务Electronic Governmen t16. 公共管理学Pu bl i c Manag ement17. 公共事业管理P ublic Affai r M a na ge men t18. 管理文秘Se c retary M a nag e men t19. 文化管理理论与实践Theory a nd Prac ti ce o f Cultur e Managemen t20. 文化学导论Introduction t o C u l tu r e21. 中国文化简史 A History o f Chines e Cultu re22. 公共部门公共关系学Public Sec t ion Public Relat i ons23. 公共人力资源管理Public Human Resour c e Management24. 公共政策Public Decision25. 文化产业概论Culture Industry Mana g ement四．金融学院The College of Finance1. 国际金融Int e rnational Finance2. 金融风险管理Financi a l Risk Management .3. 金融工程学Financial En g ineering4. 金融计量学Fin a n ci al E conometri c s5. 金融经济学Financi a l E c onom ics6. 金融市场学Financial M arke t7. 金融市场营销F i n anci a l M ar ke t in g8. 投资银行理论与务实Th e ory and Practice of Investment Bank9. 证券投资学Secu r it i es I n ves tment10. 保险精算Insurance Actuary11. 保险学Insurance12. 保险市场营销Insurance Marketing13. 财产保险Property Insurance14. 风险管理Risk Management15. 公司金融Corporate Finance16. 人身保险Life Insurance17. 货币银行学Money Banking18. 金融学Finance19. 金融英语English on Finance20. 金融理论前沿专题Current Issues in Financial Theories21. 商业银行业务管理Business Management o f Commercial Bank22. 数理金融Mathematica l Finance23. 投资决策经济分析Economic Analysis for Investment Decision24. 投资学Investment25. 衍生金融工具概论Introduction to Derivativ e Financial Instruments26. 中央银行业务Operations o f Central B a nk s五．经济贸易与统计学院T h e Co lle g e of Econo mics and Statistics1. 初级宏观经济学(及双语“宏观经济学”)Principl es o f Mac ro economics (or Macroeconomics)2. 初级微观经济学(含双语“微观经济学”)P rinciple s o f M ic roe c on o m ics (o r M icr o ec o n omi cs)3. 发展经济学Developme n t Economics4. 中级宏观经济学I nt er mediate Macroeconomics5. 中级微观经济学I nte r mediate Microeconomics6. 宏观经济学M ac roe c o nomics7. 经济学概论P r i ncip le of Economics8. 外国经济思想史F or e i g n E conomic Thought9. 微观经济学Microeconomics10. 西方经济学流派Schools of Western Economics11. 社会主义政治经济学Socialist Political Economics12. 国际贸易Interna t iona l Tra d e13. 国际贸易务实Practice of Inte rn ational Trade14. 国际企业管理Inte rnational Corporation Management15. 国际商务概论G eneral Theories of International Business .16. 国际市场营销学International Marketing17. 跨国公司经营与管理Oper ation and M a n agem e n t of Transnational Corporation18. 世界经济World Economy19. 外经贸英语函电B u siness English Correspondence20. 中国对外贸易概论An Introduction to Foreign Trade of China21. 国民经济统计学National Economic Statistics22. 多元统计分析Multivariate Statist i c Analysis23. 计量经济学Econom e tric s24. 时间序列分析Time Series Analys i s25. 数理统计Mathem a tical Stati s tics26. 统计学S t a t ist i cs27. 社会统计学Social S t a t ist i cs六．法学院The Coll e ge of Law1. 法理学Jurisprudence2. 犯罪心理学Crimine Psychology3. 犯罪学Criminology4. 国际法学International Law5. 国际商法International Commercial Law6. 国际私法学Private I nternational Law7. 合同法学Contract Law8. 经济法学Economic Law9. 民法学Civil L aw10. 民事诉讼法学Code of Civil Law11. 商法学Commercial Law12. 宪法学The Science of Constitution13. 刑法学Criminal Law14. 刑事诉讼法学Criminal Procedure Law15. 行政法与行政诉讼法Adm in istrat i ve Law and Administrative Procedure Law16. 证据法学Evidence Law17. 知识产权法Intellectual Property Law18. 中国法制史The History of Chinese Law System19. 安全防范技术Policing Alarming Technique for Security20. 保卫学Security Science21. 道路交通管理学Road Traffic Administration22. 法医学Forensic Medicine23. 公安管理学Police Administrat i on Science24. 公安学基础理论Basic Theory of Police Science25. 公安应用文写作Practical Writing for Public Security26. 户政管理学Household Registration Administration27. 警务技能Police Vocation Skills .28. 司法鉴定学Forensic Science29. 侦查学Criminal Investigation30. 治安处罚Public Order Punishment31. 治安管理学Public Order Administration32. 治安学The Public Security Science七．旅游与环境学院The College of Tourism and Environmen t1. 服务管理Service Man a gement2. 旅游管理信息系统Tourism Management Information Systems3. 旅游市场营销学Tou ris m Marketing4. 酒店经营管理Hotel Management5. 旅游人力资源管理Human Resources Management in Tou r i s m6. 旅行社经营管理Operation and Management of Tr a vel Servi c e7. 旅游公共关系学To u rism Public Relations8. 旅游心理学Tourism P s ychology9. 旅游学An Introduction to Tourism Studie s10. 日语(第二外语) Japanese (Second Foreign Language)11. 旅游英语Tourism English12. 经济地理学Economic Geography13. 地图与遥感应用Cartography and Remote Sense14. 区域规划Regional Planning15. 人文地理学Human Geography16. 自然地理学Physical Geography ·17. 自然资源学Science of Natural Resour c es18. 城市地理学U r ban Geography19. 城市规划原理Urban P lannin g20. 地理信息系统Geographic In f o r mation Systems21. 地质学基础Basics of Geology22. 环境科学概论En v i r onmental Science23. 土地评价与管理Land Evaluation and Management24. 资源与环境经济学Economics of Environment and Resources25. 旅游环境学Tourism Environment26. 旅游经济学Tourism Economics27. 旅游资源开辟与管理E xplo i tation and Management of Tourism Resources八．外国语学院The College of Foreign la nguages1. 大学英语I College English I2. 大学英语II College English II3. 大学英语III College English III4. 大学英语IV College English IV5. 大学英语V College English V6. 大学英语VI College EnglishVI7. 国际商务英语综合课Compreh ensive English Course of International Business8. 当代商学概论An Introduction to Contemporary Business9. 翻译理论研究Translat i on Theo ry10. 高级英语Advanced E n glis h11. 管理学概论Managemen t12. 国际贸易务实I mport & Ex p ort P r ac ti c e s13. 国际商法I n t e rnationa l Busi n ess L aw…14. 国际市场营销Marketi n g15. 汉英笔译Chinese-Eng l ish T r ansla tion16. 基础英语B asic English17. 经济学概论 A Survey of Eco n o m ics18. 论文写作T h esis Writing19. 美国文学史及选读American L e r ature: A Survey20. 商务函电Bu s i ness English Correspondence21. 商务洽谈Bu siness Neg o tiation22. 译文研究The Appreciation of Target Language23. 英国文学史及选读English Literature: A Survey24. 英汉笔译Eng l ish-Chinese T r ansla tion25. 英汉口译Eng l ish-Chinese Interpretation26. 英语(二外) Eng l ish as a Second Foreign Language27. 英语泛读Extensive Reading28. 英语国家概况Eng l ish-Speaking Countries: A Survey29. 英语口语Oral English30. 英语写作Eng l ish Writing31. 英语语言学概论An Introduction to English Linguistics32. 英语语音Eng l ish Pronunciation and Intonation33. 汉英口译Chinese-Eng l ish Inte r p re tati on34. 日语二外Japanese ( Second Foreign Language)九．人文与传播学院The College of Humanities and Communication1. 外国文学史History of Foreign Literature2. 文体写作Style of Writing3. 中国古代文学史The Ancient Chinese Literature4. 中国古典文献学Knowledge about the Literature of Classical Chinese Culture5. 中国现代文学史History of Modern Chinese Literature6. 语言学史学 A Historical Approach to Chinese Linguistics7. 汉语史History of Chinese Language8. 比较文学Comparative Literature9. 民间文学Folklore10. 基础写作Ba s ic Writing11. 马克思主义文论Marxist Theories on Art and Literature12. 文学概论A Survey of Literature13. 中国当代文学史History of Contemp o rary Chinese Literature14. 古代汉语Ancient Chinese15. 语言学概论An Introduc t ion to Ling u ist i cs16. 现代汉语Modern Chinese Langu a ge17. 大众传播学 A General Introduction to M a ss Communication18. 广播电视学An Introduction to TV and Broadcasting19. 广告学Advertising20. 马列新闻论著选读The Selective Readin g s of Marx an d Lenin on News21. 新闻编辑News Editing22. 新闻采访与写作News Interviewing and Writing23. 新闻摄影Photojournalism24. 新闻事业管理Journalism Admin i stration25. 中国历代文学作品选Selected Readi n gs of the Masterp i eces of Chinese Classical Literature26. 中国新闻事业史The History of Chinese Journal i sm27. 外国新闻事业史The Hi story of Foreign News Enterprise28. 新闻法规与职业道德News Regu l ations and Professional Morality29. 新闻评论New C r it icism30. 新闻学概论An Introduction to Journalism31. 版权与图书外贸Copyright and Boo k s Fo re i g n Trade32. 报刊编辑学The Edit o r i al S t udies of Prin ti ng Med i a33. 出版社管理Management of Publishing House34. 出版现代技术Modern Publishing Techno l ogy35. 书籍编辑学Studies on Books Edition36. 书业法律基础An I ntroduction to L aws in Publishing Industry37. 图书学Studies on Books38. 外国编辑出版史A H istory of Foreign Ed i ting & Publi c ation39. 中国编辑出版史 A Hi sto r y o f Chinese Editing & Publica t ion40. 出版发行学基础Publi c ation Basis41. 出版美学与装帧设计Publi c ation Aesthetics and Binding Design42. 音响电子出版物Video and Electronic Publi c ation43. 计算机辅助设计Computer Aided Designing44. 图形设计Graphics Design45. 构成研究Fundaments of Designing46. 广告摄影与摄像(摄影基础) Basics of Photography47. 编辑学概论A n Introdu c tion to Edit i on48. 创意思维Creative Thinkinig49. 编排设计L a yout De s i g ning50. 品牌研究Research o n Brand51. 设计素描De s i g n Draw i ng52. 广告心理学A dve r ti sement Psychology53. 传播学概论An Introduction to Communication Theory54. 广告效果研究方法Studies of Eff e ctiv e A dv e rt i s e ment55. 设计色采The R ese arch on Color Designing56. 广告媒体研究Analysis of Advertis i n g Media57. 广告策划与创意Advertisement Plan ni n g a nd C r eating58. 广告经营与管理学Advertisement Op e rat i on & Management59. 平面广告设计Print Advertisement Design60. 中外广告法规与广告职业道德Laws & Foreign and Do m estic Regulation s of Advertising A cti vi tie s61. 广告摄影与摄像(视频摄录与编辑) Advertising Photo & V i deo (Video Shooting & Editing)62. 广告创意与案例Advertisement C r eat i on and Cases Stadies63. 艺术概论An In tr oduction to Art64. 广告文案写作A dvertisement Document Writing65. 电视广告创作The Creation of Commercials66. 广告史The H i story of Advertising67. 广告学概论An Introduction to Advertisin g68. 社会学概论So ci olog y69. 社会政策概论An Introduction to Social Policy70. 当代社会问题Contemporary Social Problems71. 国外社会学理论Foreign Sociological Theories72. 社区工作Community Work73. 心理学概论An Introduction to Psychology74. 人类行为学与社会环境Human Behavior and Social Environment75. 社会调查研究方法Methods of Social Survey and Research76. 社会保障概论 A General Introduction to Social Security77. 现代社会福利思想Theories for Modern Social Welfare78. 社会心理学Social Psychology79. 社会保障法Social Security Law80. 社会行政Social Administration81. 社会工作概论An Introduction to Social Work82. 西方社会工作理论与实践Foreign Social Work Theory and Practice83. 小组工作Group Work84. 个案工作Social Case Work85. 中国社会思想史The History of Social Thought in China十．信息学院The College of Information1. 组织战略与行为学Organizing Strategy and Behavior2. 电子商务Electronic Commerce3. 电子商务安全Secure E-commerce Technology4. 电子商务管理E-Commerce Management5. 电子商务物流E-Commerce Logistics6. 电子商务系统开辟与管理Electronic Business System Development and Management7. 电子商务信息系统Electronic Bnsiness Information System8. 电子商务英语English for Electronic Commerce9. 电子支付与电子银行E-payment and E-bank10. 计算机组成原理Computer Organization Principles11. 离散数学Discrete Mathematics12. 面向对象程序设计Object-Oriented Programming13. 软件测试技术Software Testing Technology14. 软件构件与中间件技术Software Component and Middleware Technology15. 数值分析Analysis of Numerical Value16. 数字逻辑与数字电路Digital Logic and Digital Circuit17. 网络金融学Network Finance18. 网络经济学Internet economics19. 网络营销Network Marketing20. 系统分析与设计System Analysis & Design21. 信息管理学Information Management22. 编译原理Principles of Compiler23. 操作系统Operating System24. 程序设计Programming Languages and Programming ..25. 电路与摹拟电子技术Circuit and Analog Electronics Technique26. 电子商务概论(双语) Electronic Commerce27. 管理信息系统Management Information System28. 汇编语言程序设计Programming by Assemble Language29. 计算机科学导论An Introduction to Computer Science30. 计算机网络Computer Network ·31. 专业英语(计算机) English for Computer Science and Technology32. 人工智能基础An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence33. 软件工程Software Engineering34. 数据结构Data Structure35. 数据库理论Database Principles36. 统一建模语言及建模工具Unified Modeling Language and Modeling Tools37. 微机接口技术Interface Technology of Micro Computer38. 系统分析设计与UML 语言System Analysis & Design and UML39. 计算机应用信息系统Computer Application Information System40. 计算机应用基础Fundamentals of Computer and Application41. 信息系统分析与设计Information System Analysis and Design42. 专业英语(信息管理与信息系统) Professional English for Information Management &System43. 信息组织与检索Information Organizing and Retrieval44. 专业英语(软件工程) English for Software Engineering十一. 数学与计算科学系The Department of Mathematics and Computer Science1. 常微分方程Ordinary Differential Equations2. 概率论与数理统计Theory of Probability and Mathematical Statistics3. 数学分析Mathematics Analysis4. 高等代数Higher Algebra5. 高等数学概论 A Survey of Advanced Mathematics6. 高级语言程序设计Advanced Language Program7. 高等数学Advanced Mathematics8. 计算方法Computational Methods9. 计算机图形学Computer Graphics10. 计算智能Computing Intelligence11. 空间解析几何Space Analytic Geometry12. 数学模型Mathematical Model13. 数字信号处理Digital Signal Processing14. 微积分Calculus15. 线性代数Linear Algebra16. 信息科学概论An Introduction to Information Science17. 信息与编码Information Theory and Coding18. 运筹学Operations Research。
信息管理与信息系统专业 英语
信息管理与信息系统专业英语英文回答：Information Management and Information Systems.Information management is the collection, storage, organization, and dissemination of information. It is a critical function for any organization, as it allows for the effective use of information to make decisions and achieve goals. Information systems are the tools and technologies used to manage information. They can range from simple spreadsheets to complex enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems.The field of information management and information systems is constantly evolving, as new technologies emerge and new ways of working are developed. This has led to a growing demand for professionals with the skills and knowledge to manage information effectively.Skills and Knowledge Required for Information Management and Information Systems Professionals.Professionals in the field of information management and information systems typically need to have the following skills and knowledge:A strong understanding of information management concepts and principles.Proficiency in a variety of information systems software applications.Excellent communication and interpersonal skills.The ability to work independently and as part of a team.A strong work ethic and a commitment to excellence.Career Opportunities for Information Management and Information Systems Professionals.There are a wide range of career opportunitiesavailable for professionals with skills and knowledge in information management and information systems. Some of the most common job titles include:Information manager.Information systems manager.Database administrator.Systems analyst.Business analyst.Project manager.Professionals in these roles can work in a variety of industries, including healthcare, finance, manufacturing, and government.Education and Training for Information Management and Information Systems Professionals.There are a variety of educational and training programs available for professionals who want to work inthe field of information management and information systems. Some of the most common programs include:Bachelor's degree in information management or information systems.Master's degree in information management orinformation systems.MBA with a concentration in information management or information systems.Certificate programs in information management or information systems.Professional Development for Information Management and Information Systems Professionals.In order to stay up-to-date on the latest trends and technologies in the field of information management and information systems, professionals should pursue ongoing professional development. This can be done through a variety of activities, such as:Attending conferences and workshops.Reading industry publications.Taking online courses.Participating in online forums and discussion groups.中文回答：信息管理与信息系统专业。
Businessadministration工商管理专业BUS100Business
1、Berkeley College伯克利学院Business administration工商管理专业BUS100 Business Organization and Management企业组织与管理BUS110 Mathematics for Business商业数学BUS225 Career Management Seminar职业生涯管理研讨会BUS231 Business Law I实业法1BUS245 Business Ethics商业道德BUS250 Computer Applications in Business计算机在企业中的应用BUS255 Entrepreneurship企业家精神BUS260 Business in Technology Mediated Environments企业的技术环境BUS265 Business Communication商务沟通技巧BUS267 Management Information Systems信息管理系统BUS270 Special Topics in Business特殊商业题材BUS281 Project Management项目管理BUS292 Internship见习BUS319 Money and Banking货币银行学BUS320 Entertainment Studies待人接物的研究BUS331 Business Law II实业法2BUS410 Business Research Methodology管理研究方法论BUS451 Business Strategy and Policy企业战略与政策Fashion marketing and management时尚营销及管理FAS101 Introduction to the Fashion Business时装业导论FAS230 Fashion Textiles for Apparel and Home时装与家用纺织品FAS240 Visual Merchandising商品展示设计（视觉商品陈列）FAS245 Merchandise Planning and Buying商品计划与购买FAS250 Computer Applications in the Fashion Industry计算机在时装业的应用FAS255 Product Lifecycle Planning产品生命周期FAS260 Fashion Forecasting时装业前景FAS270 Special Topics in Fashion时装专题FAS304 Menswear Marketing男装营销学FAS310 Fashion and the Media时装业与媒体FAS312 Marketing Accessories, Home, and Cosmetics销售配件，家庭，与化妆品FAS318 Presentations in the Fashion Business时装展示FAS321 Art's Influence on Fashion艺术对时尚的影响FAS327 the Great Fashion Designers伟大的时装设计师FAS335 Retail Management零售管理FAS427 Operations Management in the Fashion Business时装业经营管理FAS470 Special Topics in Fashion时装专题International business国际贸易IBS201 International Business国际商务IBS225 International Trade Policies and Practices国际贸易法规与惯例IBS230 International Marketing国际市场营销IBS240 International Management国际化管理IBS320 International Business Law 国际商模拟IBS406 Model U.N. on International Trade and Business联合国国际贸易与商业模型IBS410 Export and Import Policies and Practices进出口政策与惯例IBS415 Emerging Markets新兴市场IBS419 Multinational Corporate Management跨国公司管理IBS440 International Strategic Management国际战略管理IBS470 Special Topics in International Business国际商务专题Finance金融学FIN200 Introduction to Financial Services金融服务导论FIN204 Financial Markets and Institutions金融市场与机构FIN205 Treasury Management财务管理FIN250 Computer Applications in Financial Services计算机在金融服务中的应用FIN301 Principles of Finance I金融学原理1FIN305 Principles of Financial Planning财务计划原理FIN310 Insurance Planning保险计划FIN315 Investment Planning投资计划FIN400 Tax Planning税收计划FIN405 Retirement Planning退休金计划FIN410 Estate Planning遗产计划FIN415 Principles of Finance II金融学原理2FIN420 Personal Financial Planning Capstone个人理财规划的顶峰FIN425 International Corporate Financial Management国际财务管理Marketing and Marketing Communications市场营销与营销传播MKT215 Sports and Events Marketing体育营销学MKT220 Principles of Marketing营销学原理MKT222 Foundations of Market Research市场调查基础MKT233 Integrated Marketing Communications整合营销传播MKT235 Business to Business Marketing面向市场营销的企业MKT241 Consumer Behavior消费者行为MKT242 Brand Management品牌管理MKT245 Professional Selling and Sales Management专业销售与销售管理MKT247 Advertising Management广告管理MKT318 Green Marketing绿色营销MKT321 Direct and Database Marketing直效行销与数据库营销MKT336 Digital Media and Marketing数字媒体与营销MKT340 the Art of the Creative Brief创意简报的艺术MKT350 Market Research Tools and Technology市场调查的工具与技术MKT351 Public Relations公共关系学MKT352 Nonprofit Marketing and Public Relations非盈利组织的营销与公共关系MKT354 Copywriting文案策划MKT356 Advertising Design广告设计MKT390 Market Research市场调查MKT410 New Product Development新产品开发MKT442 Strategic Marketing Management营销管理战略MKT446 Media Strategy and Metrics媒体策略与指标MKT455 the IMC Campaign整合营销的宣传活动MKT460 Quantitative Research Design and Analysis定量研究设计与分析MKT461 Qualitative Research Design and Analysis定性研究设计与分析MKT470 Special Topics in Marketing市场营销学专题Accounting会计学ACC110 Fundamentals of Accounting for Managers财经管理ACC111 Financial Accounting I会计核算1ACC112 Financial Accounting II会计核算2ACC113 Managerial Accounting管理会计学ACC201 Intermediate Accounting I中等会计1ACC202 Intermediate Accounting II 中等会计2ACC203 Intermediate Accounting III中等会计3ACC240 Cost Accounting成本计算ACC255 Computer Applications In Accounting计算机在会计学中的应用ACC310 Advanced Accounting高级会计学ACC330 Government and Nonprofit Accounting政府与非盈利组织会计ACC351 Federal Taxation I联邦税务1ACC352 Federal Taxation II联邦税务2ACC410 Auditing审计学ACC415 Forensic Accounting and Fraud Investigation财务会计与诈骗调查ACC425 Advanced Analysis Of Financial Statements高级财务报表分析Management 管理学MGT220 Principles of Management管理学原理MGT225 Customer Service Management客服管理MGT231 Organizational Behavior组织行为学MGT249 Human Resources Management人力资源管理MGT250 Not-For-Profit Management非盈利组织的管理MGT252 Introduction to Sports Management体育管理学导论MGT253 Fundraising and Resource Development for Nonprofit Organizations筹款与资源开发的非盈利组织MGT260 Environmental Management环境管理MGT305 Managerial Decision Making管理决策MGT314 Organizational Theory and Development组织理论与发展MGT316 Sustainable Enterprise Management可持续发展的企业管理MGT317 Environmental Regulations and Policy环境法规与政策MGT318 Environmental Ethics in Business企业的环境伦理MGT322 Financial Management of Nonprofit Organizations非盈利组织的财务管理MGT323 Legal and Regulatory Compliance for Nonprofit Organizations遵守法律与规章的非盈利组织MGT332 Operations Management运作管理MGT345 Managing with Information Systems信息管理系统MGT346 Developing Managerial Competence管理人员能力的发展MGT347 Staffing人事MGT348 Employee and Labor Relations劳资关系MGT349 Compensation and Benefits薪酬与福利MGT350 Small Business Management小企业的管理MGT351 Small Business Start-Up小企业的启动MGT352 Managing the Family Enterprise家族企业的管理MGT353 Financing the Entrepreneurial V enture创业者融资MGT355 Training and Development培训与发展MGT420 Managing for Change变革管理MGT425 Management Simulation管理系统模拟MGT430 Leadership领导艺术领导能力MGT470 Special Topics in Management管理学专题Information Technology Management信息技术管理学ITM100 Introduction to Information Technology信息技术管理导论ITM200 Introduction to Networking网络通信导论ITM210 Introduction to Database Management数据库管理导论ITM220 Introduction to Web Design and Graphics网页设计与图形导论ITM230 Fundamentals of Object Oriented Programming面向对象的编程基础ITM240 Information Systems Analysis and Design信息系统分析与设计ITM250 Information Technology and Law信息技术与信息法律ITM300 Fundamentals of Network Security Management网络安全管理基础ITM301 Network Protocols and Techniques网络协议与技术ITM302 Disaster Prevention and Recovery灾难预防与恢复ITM310 Principles of Database Management数据库管理原理ITM311 Database Analysis and Design数据库分析与设计ITM312 Database Programming数据库编程ITM320 Fundamentals of Website Management网站管理基础ITM321 Web Graphic Development网页开发ITM322 Web Development and Animation网络动画发展ITM400 Intrusion Detection and Management入侵检测管理ITM401 Network Monitoring and Documentation网络文件监测ITM410 Database Information Security and Privacy数据库信息隐私安全ITM411 Data Mining Techniques and Applications数据挖掘技术及应用ITM420 Web Technologies网页技术ITM421 Web Services and Enterprise Application Integration网络服务与企业应用集成ITM498 Capstone: Senior Project顶点：高级项目2、W estern New England University 西新英格兰大学Accounting会计Biology 生物Business 商业Chemistry 化学Criminal Justice 刑事司法Communication 传播Computer Science 计算机科学Economics 经济Education 教育Electrical Engineering 电力工程English 英语Engineering-General 工程学Finance 金融学Forensic Science 法医学History 历史Industrial Engineering 工业工程Integrated Liberal & Professional综合与专业International Studies 国际研究Information Technology 信息技术Journalism 新闻学Law and Society 法律与社会Management 管理Mathematics 数学Mechanical Engineering 机械工程Marketing 营销学Neuroscience 神经科学Philosophy 哲学Political Science 政治学Psychology 心理学Sociology社会学Sport Management运动管理Sustainability可持续发展Social Work社会服务Creative Writing 创作与写作Pre-pharmacy 药学Business Information System 商务信息系统Arts and Entertainment Management 艺术管理Biomedical Engineering 生物工程3、Arkansas State University 阿肯色州立大学Accounting 会计学Agricultural Business (emphasis on Agricultural Communications) 农商学（传媒沟通方向）Agricultural Business (emphasis on Agricultural Economics) 农商学（农业经济学方向）Agricultural Business (emphasis on Agricultural Finance) 农商学（农业财政学方向）Agricultural Business (emphasis on Agricultural Marketing and Management) 农商学（农业市场营销与管理方向）Agricultural Business (emphasis on Farm Management) 农商学（农场管理方向）Agricultural Science 农学Animal Science (emphasis on Animal Science) 动物学Animal Science (emphasis on Food Science and Technology) 动物学（动物食品与加工工艺）Animal Science (emphasis on Poultry Industry Management) 动物学（禽类工业管理）Animal Science (emphasis on Pre-V eterinary) 动物学（兽医预科）Art (BA) (emphasis on Art History) 艺术Art (BA) (emphasis on Studio Art) 绘画艺术Art (BFA) (emphasis on Art Education) 艺术教育Art (BFA) (emphasis on Graphic Design) 平面设计Biological Sciences (emphasis in Biology) 生物Biological Sciences (emphasis on Botany) 生物(植物学)Biological Sciences (emphasis on Environmental Biology) 生物（环境生物）Biological Sciences (emphasis on Pre-Professional Studies) 生物（预科）Biological Sciences (emphasis on Zoology) 生物（动物学）Business Administration 商业管理Business Economics 商业经济Business Technology (BSE) 商业技术Chemistry (BA) 化学Chemistry (BS) (emphasis in Environmental) 环境化学Chemistry (BS) (emphasis on Pre-Professional) 化学预科Chemistry (emphasis in Pre-Professional Studies) 应用化学研究Communication Studies 传媒Computer Science (BA) 计算机科学Computer and Information Technology 计算机与信息技术Digital Media and Design 数字媒体与设计Economics (BA - emphasis in Pre-Law) 经济学（法学预科）Economics (BA) 经济学Engineering (emphasis on Civil Engineering) 土木工程Engineering (emphasis on Electrical Engineering) 电子工程Engineering (emphasis on Mechanical Engineering) 机械工程English 英语Environmental 环境科学Exercise Science 运动科学Finance (emphasis in Banking) 银行金融学Finance (emphasis in Corporate Finance) 企业金融学Finance (emphasis in Insurance) 保险金融学Finance (emphasis in Real Estate) 房地产金融学Forensic Science 法医学French (BA) 法语General Science (emphasis on Biology) 生物General Science (emphasis on Chemistry) 化学General Science (emphasis on Physics) 物理Geography (BA) 地理Graphic Communications 传媒印刷Graphic Design 平面设计Health Promotion 保健History (BA) 历史Interdisciplinary Studies 跨学科研究International Business 国际商务Journalism (emphasis on Advertising) 新闻学（广告方向）Journalism (emphasis on News Editorial) 新闻学（新闻采编方向）Journalism (emphasis on Photojournalism) 新闻学（图片新闻编辑方向）Journalism (emphasis on Public Relations) 新闻学（公共关系方向）Management 管理学Management (emphasis in Logistics) 物流管理Management (emphasis on Human Resource Management) 人力资源管理Marketing (emphasis on Logistics) 市场营销Marketing (emphasis on Marketing Management) 市场营销（市场管理）Mathematics 数学Mathematics (BSE) 数学Music (BA) 音乐Music (BM) (emphasis in Instrumental Performance) 音乐（乐器表演）Music (BM) (emphasis on V oice Performance) 音乐（声音表现法）Music (BME) (emphasis on Instrumental Music) 音乐（乐器）Music (BME) (emphasis on Vocal Music) 音乐（声乐）Nursing 护理Philosophy (BA) 哲学Physics (BS) 物理Plant Science (emphasis on Agronomy) 植物学（农艺学）Plant Science (emphasis on Envrionmental Horticulture) 植物学（园艺）Plant Science (emphasis on Science and Research) 植物学（植物科研）Political Science (BA) 政治学Psychology 心理学Radio TV (emphasis Broadcast Journalism) 广播电视（广播新闻）Radio TV (emphasis Electronic Media Sales and Promotion) 广播电视（媒体营销）Radio TV (emphasis Production - Electronic Media Sales and Promotion) 广播电视（产品与媒体营销）Radio TV (emphasis on Production-News Media Option) 广播电视（制作与新闻媒体）Radio TV (emphasis on Production-Video/Audio Option) 广播电视（制作与数字媒体）Social Science (BSE) 社会学Social Work (BS) 社会工作Speech Communication (BA) 演讲与沟通Speech Communication and Theatre Arts 演讲与戏剧艺术Sport Management (emphasis in Business) 体育管理（体育经济方向）Sport Management (emphasis in Media) 体育管理（体育媒体）Technology (emphasis in Computer Aided Drafting and Design) 计算机辅助设计Technology (emphasis in Computer Systems) 计算机系统Technology (emphasis on Manufacturing-Industrial) 制造生产Technology (emphasis on Technical Studies) 科技研究Technology (emphasis on Technology Management ) 技术管理Theatre (BA) 戏剧学Theatre (BFA) (emphasis Acting) 戏剧学（表演方向）Theatre (BFA) (emphasis Directing) 戏剧学（导演方向）Theatre (BFA) (emphasis on Design Technology) 戏剧学（设计技巧）Theatre (BFA) (emphasis on Musical Theatre) 戏剧学（音乐剧方向）Theatre Arts (BFA) 戏剧艺术V ocal Performance 音乐表演4、Saint Francis University圣弗兰西斯大学School of business工商管理学院Accounting 会计Economics 经济学Finance 金融Management 管理Management information systems管理信息系统Marketing市场营销School of health sciences健康科学学院Exercise physiology运动生理学Fitness professionals studies ( C ) 健身专业人士的研究Pre-allied health studies ( C ) 专职医疗预研究Pre-professional studies ( C ) 专业的预研究Research/Graduate Research ( C ) 研究/硕士研究Nursing护理Occupational Therapy职业治疗Physical Therapy物理疗法Physician Assistant Sciences助理医师科学School of arts& letters 艺术与文学学院Fine arts ( M ) 美术Pre-law ( C ) 法律预科American studies美国研究Communication arts沟通的艺术Education 教育Early childhood elementary (prek-4) education幼儿教育小学教育(幼儿园——小学四年级)Middle childhood (grades4-8) education中学儿童教育（小学四年级——八年级）Secondary education certification中学教育认证English 英语Literature( C ) 文学Secondary education( C ) 中学教育Writing( M ) 写作French 法语French/secondary education( C ) 法语/中学教育Global cultural and language( C ) s全球文化和语言World languages( C ) 世界语History 历史Modern European history( C ) 现代欧洲历史Secondary education( C )中学教育Philosophy 哲学Political science 政治学International studies( C ) 国际研究Political communications( C )政治关系Secondary education( C )中学教育Psychology 心理学Neuroscience( M ) 神经学Secondary education( C )中学教育Public administration/government service公共行政/政府服务Religious studies宗教研究Social work 社会工作Sociology社会学Sociology/criminal justice社会学/刑事司法Social responsibility( M )社会责任Spanish 西班牙语Global cultural and languages全球文化和语言Secondary education( C ) 中学教育World languages( C ) 世界语U.s. History and government and politics美国历史和政府与政治World history and government and politics世界历史和政府与政治School of sciences理学院Bioinformatics生物信息学Biology生物学Biochemistry( C )生物化学Biological diving( M )生物跳水Environmental ( C ) science环境科学Marine biology( C )海洋生物学Molecular biology( C )分子生物学Pre-professional( C ) 职业预科Secondary education( C ) 中学教育Chemistry化学Biochemistry( C )生物科学Forensic( C )法医Pre-professional( C )职业预科Secondary education( C )中学教育Computer science计算机科学General( C ) 概论Information technology and security( C )信息技术和安全Software development( C )软件开发Engineering (3-2) 工程学Environmental engineering环境工程Renewable energies( C )可再生能源Marine and environmental education海洋和环境教育Molecular biology( C )分子生物学Medical technology医疗技术Mathematics 数学Actuarial science( C )精算学Computer science( M ) 计算机科学Physics( M ) 物理学Secondary education( C ) 中学教育Pharmacy (3+3 or 2+3) in Biology生物学药剂Pharmacy (3+3 or 2+3) in Chemistry 化学药剂Interdisciplinary environmental studies major跨学科的环境研究专业Marine education( C )海洋教育Environmental education( C )环境教育Liberal studies in the environment( C )环境中的解放研究5、Wichita State University威奇塔州立大学商学院W. FRANK BARTON SCHOOL OF BUSINESS专业：会计Accounting专业：商业行政管理Business Administration专业：经济学Economics专业：经济-房地产Economics - Real Estate专业：企业管理Entrepreneurship专业：企业管理-房地产Entrepreneurship - Real Estate专业：金融财务Finance专业：金融财务-房地产Finance - Real Estate专业：人力资源管理Human Resource Management专业：国际商务International Business专业：管理学Management专业：信息系统管理Management Information Systems (MIS)专业：市场营销Marketing专业：市场营销-房地产Marketing - Real Estate艺术学院COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS美术与设计系SCHOOL OF ART AND DESIGN专业：美术教育Art Education专业：美术史Art History专业：美术–造型艺术Art –Studio Art陶艺Ceramics绘画Painting/Drawing版画Printmaking雕塑Sculpture专业：平面设计Graphic Design音乐系SCHOOL OF MUSIC专业：音乐Music重点：广播学Broadcasting商业Business新闻学与广告–公共关系Journalism and Advertising-PR 新闻学与新闻编辑Journalism and News Editorial乐理/作曲Theory/ Composition专业：音乐教育Music Education器乐Instrumental特殊音乐教育Special Music Education声乐与键盘V ocal and Keyboard专业：音乐表演Music Performance重点：器乐演奏Instrumental Performance爵士音乐演奏Jazz Performance键盘演奏Keyboard Performance声乐表演V ocal Performance表演艺术系SCHOOL OF PERFORMING ARTS专业：舞蹈Dance专业：音乐剧Musical Theatre专业：戏剧Theatre重点：剧院设计与技术Design & Technical Theatre中学教育–演讲/戏剧6-12班Secondary Education – Speech/Theatre 6-12戏剧表演Theatre Performance工程学院COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING专业：航空航天工程学Aerospace Engineering专业：生物工程学Bioengineering重点：生物设备/器械Bio Device / Instrumentation寿命周期工程学Lifespan Engineering生物能源Bioenergy专业：计算机工程学Computer Engineering专业：计算机科学Computer Science专业：电子工程Electrical Engineering专业：工业工程学Industrial Engineering专业：制造工程学Engineering for Manufacture专业：机械工程学Mechanical Engineering健康专业学院COLLEGE OF HEALTH PROFESSION专业：沟通科学与沟通障碍Communication Science & Disorders重点：聋症与重听Deafness and Hard of Hearing专业：口腔卫生Dental Hygiene专业：健康科学Health Science专业：医疗服务管理与社区发展Health Services Management & Community Development专业：医疗技术Medical Technology专业：护理学Nursing人文科学学院COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS & SCIENCES专业：人类学Anthropology专业：生物科学Biological Sciences专业：化学Chemistry专业：化学-生物化学Chemistry - Biochemistry*专业：化学-商业Chemistry - Business*专业：化学-医学预科Chemistry - Pre-Medicine专业：古典研究Classical Studies*专业：传播学Communications重点：广播新闻学Broadcast Journalism电子媒体Electronic Media综合市场营销传播学Integrated Marketing Communications学生自定专业方向Open Emphasis印刷新闻学Print Journalism战略性传播Strategic Communication专业：创意写作Creative Writing专业：刑事法学Criminal Justice专业：经济学Economics专业：英语English专业：英语-创意写作English - Creative Writing专业：英语-语言与文学English - Language & Literature专业：人种学研究Ethnic Studies*专业：法证科学Forensic Science专业：综合研究General Studies专业：地理学Geography*专业：地质学Geology专业：德语German*专业：历史History专业：国际研究International Studies*专业：国际研究管理International Studies Administration*专业：数学Mathematics专业：数学-统计学Mathematics - Statistics专业：现代与古典语言及文学Modern and Classical Language & Literature重点：法语French拉丁语Latin西班牙语Spanish专业：哲学Philosophy专业：物理Physics专业：政治学Political Science重点：公共行政管理Public Administration专业：法学预科Pre-Law专业：医学预科Pre-Medicine重点：脊椎按摩治疗Chiropractic牙医Dentistry内科Medicine视光学Optometry药剂学Pharmacy足病学Podiatry兽医内科V eterinary Medicine专业：心理学Psychology专业：宗教学Religion*专业：社会工作Social Work专业：社会学Sociology专业：妇女研究Women’s Studies教育学院COLLEGE OF EDUCATION专业：早期儿童教育Early Childhood Unified Birth –3rd专业：小学教育Elementary Education K-6专业：中小学教育PreK-12 、美术Art 、英语English 、外语Foreign Language 、历史写作History Comprehension 、数学Mathematics 、音乐Music (参见音乐系see College of Fine Arts) 、体育Physical Education 、自然科学Science专业：中学教育Secondary Education 、生物Biology 、化学Chemistry 、地球与太空科学Earth & Space Science 、英语English 、历史/政治History/Government 、数学Mathematics 物理Physics 、演讲/戏剧Speech/Theatre人体机能研究HUMAN PERFORMANCE STUDIES专业：运动训练Athletic Training专业：运动科学Exercise Science专业：体育Physical Education体育管理SPORT MANAGEMENT专业：体育管理Sport Management6、路易士大学Lewis University会计Accountancy选情研究Elected Studies英语English环境科学Environmental Science电影学Film Studies金融Finance消防服务管理Fire Service Administration摄影艺术General Studio Art历史History人力资源管理Human Resource Management插图艺术Illustration信息安全和风险管理Information Security and Risk Management 国际商务International Business新闻专业Journalism Majors广播Broadcast多媒体Multimedia印刷Print法学Law市场Marketing数学Mathematics多媒体Multimedia Production音乐Music音乐管理营销Music Merchandising自然科学Natural Science核医学技术Nuclear Medicine Technology油画Painting法务研究Paralegal Studies哲学Philosophy法哲学研究Philosophy of Law物理Physics政治Political Science隐私安全/防范管理Private Security/Loss Prevention Management 心理学Psychology公共管理Public Administration放射治疗Radiation Therapy社会工作Social Work社会学Sociology运动管理Sport Management戏剧Theatre血管超声技术V ascular Ultrasound Technology生物化学Biochemistry商科Business化学Chemistry传播学Communication Studies电脑图文设计Computer Graphic Design计算机信息系统Computer Information Systems当代全球研究Contemporary Global Studies刑法和社会学Criminal/Social Justice口腔卫生Dental Hygiene医学超声诊断Diagnostic Medical Sonography绘画Drawing经济学Economics运动员教练Athletic Coaching航空专业Aviation Majors7、Ferris State University 费瑞斯州立大学Arts and Sciences文理学院Biology BS 生物Environmental Biology Conservation 环境生物Applied Mathematics 应用数学Applied Mathematics/Actuarial Science Concentration应用数学/保险精算Applied Mathematics/Computer Science Concentration 应用数学/计算机Applied Mathematics/ Operations Research Concentration 应用数学/运筹学Applied Mathematics/ Statistics Concentration应用数学/统计Applied Speech Communication 语言沟通Biochemistry生物化学Biotechnology生物技术Chemistry化学Communication 沟通English应用History历史Journalism and Technical Communication新闻与技术传媒Mathematics数学Psychology心理学Political Science政治学Social Work 社会工作Sociology社会学Tech and Prof Comm/Automotive Writing Concentration自动刻录Tech and Prof Comm/Computer Information Concentration 计算机信息Tech and Prof Comm/Multi Media Writing concentration 多媒体Tech and Prof Comm/Publication MGT Concentration出版Tech and Prof Comm/Scientific & Medical Writing Concentration医学写作Business 商务Accountancy 会计Accountancy/Computer Information Systems 会计信息系统Accountancy/Finance 会计/进入Advertising 广告学Business Administration with legal studies 管理与法律研究Computer Information Systems信息系统Finance金融Graphic Design 平面设计Hotel Management 酒店管理Hotel Management/Restaurant & food Industry Management 酒店管理/餐饮业管理Human Resource Management 人力资源Information Security and Intelligence 安全系统和人工智能Management 管理Marketing 市场营销Music Industry Management 音乐产业管理Operations and Supply Management 运营与供应链管理Professional Golf Management 职业高尔夫管理Professional Tennis Management 职业网球管理Public Relations 公共关系Resort Management 旅游胜地管理Education 教育Biology Education 生物教育Chemistry Education 化学教育Criminal Justice 犯罪Early Childhood Education 早期教育Elementary Education 小学教育English Education 英语History Education 历史教育Mathematics Education 数学教育Recreation Leadership and Management 教练领导力和管理Technical Education 技术教育Television and Digital Media Production 电视和媒体制作Wage Earning Home Economics Education 薪酬Engineering Technology 工程Architecture and Sustainability 建筑Automotive Engineering Technology汽车工程Automotive Management汽车管理Computer Networks and Systems 计算机网络系统Construction Mgt./Commercial/Industrial Bldg Conc 施工管理/工业建筑Construction Mgt./ Highway/ Bridge Concentration 施工管理/高速公路/桥梁Electrical/ Electronics Engineering Technology 电子工程Energy Systems Engineering 能源系统工程Facility Management 设施管理Heavy Equipment Service Engineering Technology 重机械工程HVACR Engineering Technology 暖通工程Manufacturing Engineering Technology 制造工程Mechanical Engineering Technology 机械工程New Media Printing and Publishing 新媒体出版与印刷Plastics Engineering Technology 工程塑料技术Printing Management 印刷管理Product Design Engineering Technology 产品设计工程Rubber Engineering Technology 橡胶工程Surveying Engineering 测量工程Welding Engineering Technology 焊接工程技术Kendall College of Art and Design 艺术和设计Art Education 艺术教育Art History 艺术历史Digital Media 数字媒体Fine Arts 美术Furniture Design 家具设计Graphic Design 平面设计Illustration 图表制作Industrial Design 工业设计Interior Design 室内设计Metals and Jewelry Design 金属和珠宝设计Painting 印刷Photography 摄影Sculpture and Functional Art 雕塑Ferris State University Grand RapidsDigital Animation and game Design 动画与游戏设计Digital Media Software Engineering 多媒体软件工程Information Security and Intelligence 安全系统和人工智能8、Massachusetts College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences 麻省医学院Forsyth School of Dental HygieneDental Hygiene (BS) (Boston)牙科School of Arts & SciencesChemistry/Pharmaceutical Chemistry (BS/MS) (Boston)化学和药学Health Psychology (BS) (Boston)健康心理学Health Sciences (BS) (Boston)健康医学Medical and Molecular Biology (BS) (Boston) 医学和分子生物需Premedical & Health Studies (BS) (Boston) 医学预科和健康研究Premed Pathway: Chiropractic Medicine (BS/DC) (Boston) 脊骨神经医Premed Pathway: Medicine 医学Premed Pathway: Nutrition & Health Promotion (BS/MS) (Boston) 营养和健康Premed Pathway: Occupational Therapy (BS/MS or MEd) (Boston) 职业治疗Premed Pathway: Optometry (BS/OD) (Boston) 眼科Premed Pathway: Osteopathic Medicine (BS/DO) (Boston)骨科Premed Pathway: Physical Therapy (BS/MCPHS DPT) (Boston)物理疗法Premed Pathway: Physician Assistant Studies (MPAS) (Boston) 医生助理Premed Pathway: Podiatric Medicine (BS/DPM) (Boston) 足病医学Premed Pathway: V eterinary Medicine (BS/DVM) (Boston) 兽医学Public Health (BS) (Boston) 公共健康School of Medical Imaging and TherapeuticsDiagnostic Medical Sonography-General (BS) (Boston) 超声波诊断Diagnostic Medical Sonography-Echo (BS) (Boston)Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (BS) (Boston) 核磁共振Nuclear Medicine Technology (NMT) (BS) (Boston) 核医学技术Radiation Therapy (RTT) (BS) (Boston) 放射疗法Radiography (BS) (Boston)School of NursingNursing (Accelerated BS) (Boston) 护理School of Pharmacy - BostonPharmaceutical and Health Care Business (BS) (Boston) 药学和健康管理Pharmaceutical Sciences (BS) (Boston) 药学和制药Pharmacology & Toxicology (BS) (Boston) 药物学和毒理学Pharmacy (PharmD) (Boston) 药剂学9、Liberty University利伯蒂大学Accounting 会计Aeronautics 航空学Commercial/Corporate商业航空Military军事Missions 空军特殊任务Unmanned Aerial Systems 无人空中系统Athletic Training 体育训练Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyBiology 生物化学和分子生物学Environmental Science环境科学General Biology生物Molecular Biology分子生物Pre-Med医学预科Business 管理Communications 商务沟通Economics经济Entrepreneurship创业学Finance金融General管理Healthcare Management健康管理Human Resource Management人力资源管理International Business国际商务Marketing市场营销Project Management 项目管理Public Administration 公共管理Cinematic Arts 电影艺术Communication Studies 新闻专业Advertising/Public Relations 传媒Digital Media 数码媒体Journalism 新闻Speech Communication 新闻传播学Computer Science 计算机Intelligence 人工智能Criminal Justice 法律Forensics 法医Homeland Security国家安全Y outh Corrections 青少年管教Elementary Education Integrated Studies小学教育Engineering: Computer 计算机Engineering: Electrical Intelligence 电子智能工程Engineering: Industrial and Systems工业系统工程English英语Fashion Merchandising & Interiors时装设计Government 政府International Relations国际关系Politics & Policy政策Western Legal Traditions 西方法律思想Health Promotion 健康保健Certified Health Education 健康教育Specialist (CHES)健康专家Clinical 临床医学History 历史Information Systems 信息系统Intercultural Studies 跨文化研究Interdisciplinary Studies跨学科研究International Relations 国际关系International Politics & Policy国际关系和政策Strategic Intelligence Studies战略情报研究Kinesiology 人体运动学Health & Physical Education 健康教育Mathematics 数学Music 音乐Choral合唱Instrumental器乐Nursing (B.S.N.)护理Philosophy & Religion 哲学和宗教Biblical Studies基督教研究Philosophy这些Psychology 心理学Counseling, Clinical or Research心理咨询Human Development 人力发展Human Services 公共事业Christian Counseling 灵性辅导Crisis Counseling 危机辅导Life Coaching 生活教练Social Sciences社会科学Special Education Integrated Studies特殊教育Spanish 西班牙语Sport Management 体育管理Teaching English as a Second Language (TESL) 英语教育Theatre Arts 戏剧Performance 表演Production 创作Studio & Digital Arts 绘画Graphic Design 平面设计Studio Art 绘画Web Technology & Design 网络设计。
广电文旅新模式开启广电网络发展的探索
591
袁剑峰等:广电文旅新模式开启广电网络发展的探索
《中国有线电视》2021年第06期
包括城市、活动、景区、酒店、特色、房产等。前两个板 户有线电视用户和酒店客房,电视终端有公信力强、观
块目主要服务政府,后四个板块为商家提供服务，向用 众精准、展现效果好等特点,观众大多是周末游、夜间
户提供吃、住、游、玩、购一站式服务。
□袁剑峰,邢冬冬!季松琪，王轶栋 （江苏省广电有线信息网络股份有限公司无锡分公司，江苏214000）
摘 要：江苏省广电有线信息网络股份有限公司无锡分公司“电视文旅”服务平台目标实现广电网络公 司黏着用户、融合新业态两大任务。电视文旅项目通过整合内外部资源，创造平台，满足用户好看、好 玩、实惠需求，转“看电视”为“玩电视”，实现有线、客户和用户三赢的局面，即可以为保商业用户、保公 众用户提供抓手和帮手，又可以创新商业模式，跨界参与商品流通环节，获取利润，打造新场景、融入新 零售，走广电网络自己的融合创新发展之路。 关键词:电视文旅；文旅产业；新零售
娱乐功能、优
用途,转型“看电视”为“玩
用技术，建设“ +平台+终端”的型
电视”，为保用户 提
、
、 ，通过介入
生产和传播体系，
会、用户
.3/）
商品流通环节产 定的利润。
1发展背景
1. 1运营商的第二曲线
术的发展， 运营商的作用趋向“ ”
）为此,几大通信运营商都在
的游
2电视文旅
台
2.1
台的
有线无锡分
大
系统、云计
《中国有线电视》2021 （06） 金於 CHINA DIGITA943.6 文献标识码:A
文章编号：1007-7022（2021 ）06-0590-04
七步掌握业务分析
solutions that enable the organization to achieve
its goals.
翻译：
Business Analysis就是一组任务和技能的集合，它是不同
的利益相关者之间的桥梁，目的是为了让这些利益相关者更
好的理解组织的架构、政策和运作模式，并且为了使得组织
能够达到它们的目标，提出相应的解决方案。
对于BA有不同的理解和职位描 述，所以在BABOK中也没有定义明 确的岗位职责。对于IT的BA而言， IT部门和业务部门会存在gap，IT 不懂业务，而业务部门不懂技术， 所以IT的BA最好是既懂技术又懂业
务（Bridge）。
.
6
5. 什么是企业架构?
企业架构可以分为两大部分：业务架构和IT架构，大部分企 业架构方法都是从IT架构发展而来的。
国际业务分析协会。
IIBA的BABOK是一本由业务分析专家撰写和审阅的专
著，他专门介绍当前经过验证的业务分析专业人士
的实践过程。他的目的是为业务分析专业人士提供
指导和参考，它是一个学习工具。
.
5
4. 谁是BA（Business Analyst 业务分析员）？
BABOK认为：任何人都可以是BA， 只要他做的是业务分析的工作，而 不区分岗位角色，他可能是系统分 析师、系统架构师、数据分析师、 流程分析师、项目（产品）管理者、 开发人员、质量分析员、业务架构 师或者咨询师等等。在不同的公司，
第七章 BABOK–潜在的能力 （Underling Competencies）
第八章 BABOK–业务分析技术（Business Analysis Techniques）
.
2
第一篇 ：业务分析概念
QUIZ(小测验)
QUIZ(小测验) ：From Chap01-Chap12(从第一章到第十二章)1.The group of logical, related, and sequential activities and transactions in which businesses engageare often collectively referred to as _____.Answer: business processes2._____ occurs when one business transmits computer-readable data in a standard format to anotherbusiness.Answer: Electronic data interchange (EDI)3.Businesses that engage in EDI with each other are called _____.Answer: trading partners4.The combination of store design, layout, and product display knowledge is called _____.Answer: merchandising5._____ are the total of all costs that a buyer and seller incur as they gather information andnegotiate a purchase-sale transaction.Answer: Transaction costs6.Economists have found that most activities yield less value as the amount of consumptionincreases. This characteristic of economic activity is called the _____.Answer: law of diminishing returns7.True or false: Network organizations are particularly well suited to technology industries that areinformation intensive.Answer: True8.The practice of an existing firm replacing one or more of its supplier markets with its ownhierarchical structure for creating the supplied product is called _____.Answer: vertical integration9.A(n) _____ is any technology that allows people to connect computers to each other.Answer: computer network10.The _____ is a large system of interconnected computer networks that spans the globe.Answer: Internet11.True or false: A newsgroup is an e-mail address that forwards any message it receives to any userwho has subscribed to the list.Answer: False12.A(n) _____ is a computer that stores files written in the hypertext markup language and lets othercomputers connect to it and read these files.Answer: hypertext serverworks of computers that are connected over greater distances are called _____.Answer: wide area networks (WANs)14.(n) _____ is a collection of rules for formatting, ordering, and error-checking data sent across anetwork.Answer: protocol15.True or False: The Internet Protocol controls the disassembly of a message or a file into packetsbefore it is transmitted over the Internet, and it controls the reassembly of those packets into their original formats when they reach their destinations.Answer: Falseputers do all of their internal calculations using a(n) _____ number system.Answer: base 2 (binary)17._____ are a series of IP numbers that are not permitted on packets that travel on the Internet.Answer: Private IP addresses18.A(n) _____ is an interconnected network (or internet), usually one that uses the TCP/IP protocolset, and does not extend beyond the organization that created it.Answer: intranet19.True or False: Intranets are an excellent low-cost way to distribute internal corporateinformation.Answer: True20.Connections that operate at speeds of greater than about 200 Kbps are called _____.Answer: broadband connections21.A(n) _____ is a device that transmits network packets between Wi-Fi-equipped computers andother devices that are within its range.Answer: wireless access point (WAP)22.The _____ is an intelligent agent program that learns the customer’s preferences and makessuggestions.Answer: personal shopper23.The _____ is a graphic image built from customer measurements on which customers can tryclothes.Answer: virtual model24.True or false: Firms that own intellectual property or rights to that property have embraced theWeb as a new and highly efficient distribution mechanism.Answer: True25.The set of characteristics that marketers use to group visitors is called _____, which includes suchthings as address, age, gender, income level, type of job held, hobbies, and religion.Answer: demographic information26.A(n) _____ is a listing of hyperlinks to Web pages.Answer: Web directory27.Channel conflict is also referred to as _____.Answer: cannibalization28.An organization’s _____ is the public image it conveys to its stakeholders.Answer: presence29.The _____ of a firm include its customers, suppliers, employees, stockholders, neighbors, and thegeneral public.Answer: stakeholders30.Putting the customer at the center of all site designs is called a(n) _____ approach to Web sitedesign.Answer: customer-centric31.This personal contact approach to identifying and reaching customers is sometimes called _____.Answer: prospecting32.Advertisers’ response to this decrease in effectiveness was to identify specific portions of theirmarkets and target them with specific advertising messages. This practice, called _____.Answer: market segmentation33.The practice of targeting very small market segments is called _____.Answer: micromarketing34.In _____, marketers try to group customers by variables such as social class, personality, or theirapproach to life.Answer: psychographic segmentation35.Most companies use the term _____ to describe the combination of elements that they use toachieve their goals for selling and promoting their products and services.Answer: marketing mix36.The creation of separate experiences for customers based on their behavior is called _____.Answer: behavioral segmentation37._____ prompt visitors to stay and investigate the products or services offered on Web sites.Answer: Trigger words38.A(n) _____ is the part of a Web site that keeps track of selected items for purchase and automatesthe purchasing process.Answer: shopping cart39.The total amount of money that a site spends, on average, to draw one visitor to the site is calledthe _____.Answer: acquisition cost40.The _____ of an advertising method is the percentage of recipients who respond to an ad orpromotion.Answer: conversion rate41.The information that a Web site can gather about its visitors (which pages were viewed, how longeach page was viewed, the sequence, and similar data) is called a(n) _____.Answer: clickstream42.In _____, one firm’s Web site includes descriptions, reviews, ratings, or other information about aproduct that is linked to another firm’s site that offers the item for sale.Answer: affiliate marketing43._____ relies on existing customers to tell other people (the company’s prospective customers)about the products or services they have enjoyed using.Answer: Viral marketing44.The part of procurement activity devoted to identifying suppliers and determining thequalifications of those suppliers is called _____.Answer: sourcing45.The total dollar amount of the goods and services that a company buys during a year is called its_____.Answer: spend46._____ are those materials that become part of the finished product in a manufacturing process.Answer: Direct materialsrge companies usually assign responsibility for purchasing direct and indirect materials toseparate departments.Answer: True48.The long-term relationships created among participants in the supply chain are called _____.Answer: supply alliances49._____ sites offer private stores along with services such as part number cross-referencing, productusage guidelines, safety information, and other services that would be needlessly duplicated if the sellers were to participate in an industry marketplace.Answer: Customer portal50.A(n) _____ is a marketplace that provides auctions, request for quote postings, and other features(many of which are similar to those of e-procurement software) to companies that want to operate their own marketplaces.Answer: private company marketplace51.A(n) _____ is a marketplace formed by several large buyers in a particular industry.Answer: industry consortia-sponsored marketplace52.True or False: Companies that implement e-procurement software usually require their suppliers tobid on their business.Answer: True53.In a(n) _____ bidders publicly announce their successive higher bids until no higher bid isforthcoming.Answer: English54.The _____ is a form of open auction in which bidding starts at a high price and drops until a bidderaccepts the price.Answer: Dutch auction55.True or False: Second-price sealed-bid auctions are commonly called Vickrey auctions.Answer: True56.In a(n) _____, buyers and sellers each submit combined price-quantity bids to an auctioneer.Answer: double auction57.True or False: Small businesses often sell their unusable and excess inventory to liquidationspecialists.Answer: False58._____ uses its software and hardware tools to coordinate private online auctions that allowbusinesses to solicit bids from suppliers.Answer: FreeMarkets59._____ allows Web pages formatted in HTML to be displayed on devices with small screens, suchas PDAs and mobile phones.Answer: Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)60.Intelligent agents are also called _____.Answer: software robots, bots61.A(n) _____ is a gathering place for people and businesses that does not have a physical existence.Answer: virtual community62._____ refers to the conversion of existing regular site visitors seeking free information or servicesinto fee-paying subscribers or purchasers of services.Answer: Monetizing63.A(n) _____ is a Web page whose content is shaped by a program in response to user requests.Answer: dynamic page64._____ is nonstatic information constructed in response to a Web client’s request.Answer: Dynamic content65._____ is electronic junk mail and can include solicitations, advertisements, or e-mail chain letters.Answer: Spam66.A(n) _____ looks for From addresses in incoming messages that are known to be spammers.Answer: black list spam filter67._____ is a program that allows users to log on to a computer that is connected to the Internet.Answer: Telnet68.A(n) _____ examines each page on the site and reports on any URLs that are broken, seem broken,or are in some way incorrect.Answer: link checker69.A(n) _____ is a simple list written in HTML that appears on a Web page or a series of Web pages.Answer: static catalog70._____ occurs when the shopper proceeds to the virtual checkout counter by clicking a checkoutbutton.Answer: Transaction processing71.Making a compan y’s information systems work together is called _____.Answer: interoperability72.A(n) _____ a computer that takes the request messages received by the Web server and runsapplication programs that perform some kind of action based on the contents of the request messages.Answer: application server73._____ refers to protecting against unauthorized data disclosure and ensuring the authenticity of thedata source.Answer: Secrecy74.Any organization concerned about protecting its electronic commerce assets should have a(n)_____ in place.Answer: security policy75._____ refers to programs that are embedded transparently in Web pages and that cause action tooccur.Answer: Active content76.A(n) _____ is a program hidden inside another program or Web page that masks its true purpose.Answer: Trojan horse77.A(n) _____ is a tiny graphic that a third-party Web site places on another site’s Web page.Answer: Web bug78._____ is a scripting language developed by Netscape to enable Web page designers to build activecontent.Answer: JavaScript79.A(n) _____ is a list or database of files and other resources and the usernames of people who canaccess the files and other resources.Answer: access control list80.A(n) _____ is a computer and software combination that is installed at the Internet entry point of anetworked system.Answer: firewall81._____ are firewalls that filter traffic based on the application requested.Answer: Gateway firewalls82.Internet payments for items costing from a few cents to approximately a dollar are called _____.Answer: micropayments83.True or False: Online cash storage is the virtual equivalent of money kept in a wallet.Answer: False84._____ is a technique used by criminals to convert money that they have obtained illegally into cashthat they can spend without having it identified as the proceeds of an illegal activity.Answer: Money laundering85._____ is electronic cash that, like bills and coins, cannot be traced back to the person who spent it.Answer: Anonymous electronic cash86.A(n) _____ wallet stores a cust omer’s information on a remote server belonging to a particularmerchant or wallet publisher.Answer: server-side electronic87.True or False: The ECML standard will expedite online processing for customers by simplifyingthe form-filling procedure.Answer: True88.A(n) _____ can be an elaborate smart card with a microchip or a plastic card with a magnetic stripthat records the currency balance.Answer: stored-value card89.True or False: Smart cards are safer than conventional credit cards because the information storedon a smart card is encrypted.Answer: True90._____ is a collection of formal techniques for planning and controlling the activities undertaken toachieve a specific goal.Answer: Project management。
公共场合实用英文标记大全
公共场合英文标志大全英文标识1、Business Hours 营业时间2、Office Hours 办公时间3、Entrance 入口4、Exit 出口5、Push 推6、Pull 拉7、Shut 此路不通8、On 打开 ( 放)9、Off 关10、Open 营业11、Pause 暂停12、Stop 关闭13、Closed 下班14、Menu 菜单15、Fragile 易碎16、This Side Up 此面向上17、Introductions 说明18、One Street 单行道19、Keep Right/Left 靠左/右20、Buses Only 只准公共汽车通过21、Wet Paint 油漆未干22、Danger 危险23、Lost and Found 失物招领处24、Give Way 快车先行25、Safety First 安全第一26、Filling Station 加油站27、No Smoking 禁止吸烟28、No Photos 请勿拍照29、No Visitors 游人止步30、No Entry 禁止入内31、No Admittance 闲人免进32、No Honking 禁止鸣喇叭33、Parting 停车处34、Toll Free 免费通行35、F.F. 快进36、Rew. 倒带37、EMS (邮政)特快专递38、Insert Here 此处插入39、Open Here 此处开启40、Split Here 此处撕开41、Mechanical Help 车辆修理42、“AA”Film 十四岁以下禁看电影43、Do Not Pass 禁止超车44、No U Turn 禁止掉头45、U Turn Ok 可以U形转弯46、No Cycling in the School校内禁止骑车47、SOS 紧急求救信号48、Hands Wanted 招聘49、Staff Only 本处职工专用50、No Litter 勿乱扔杂物51、Hands Off 请勿用手摸52、Keep Silence 保持安静53、On Sale 削价出售54、No Bills 不准张贴55、Not for Sale 恕不出售56、Pub 酒店57、Cafe 咖啡馆、小餐馆58、Bar 酒巴59、Laundry 洗衣店60、Travel Agency 旅行社61、In Shade 置于阴凉处62、Keep in Dark Place 避光保存63、Poison 有毒/毒品64、Guard against Damp 防潮65、Beware of Pickpocket 谨防扒手66、Complaint Box 意见箱67、For Use Only in Case of Fire 灭火专用68、Bakery 面包店69、Keep Dry 保持干燥70、Information 问讯处71、No Passing 禁止通行72、No Angling 不准垂钓73、Shooting Prohibited 禁止打猎74、Seat by Number 对号入座75、Protect Public Propety 爱护公共财物76、Ticket Office(or ：Booking Office)售票处77、Visitors Please Register 来宾登记78、Wipe Your Shoes And Boots请擦去鞋上的泥土79、Men“s/Gentlemen/Gents Room 男厕所80、Women“s/Ladies/Ladies“ Room女厕所81、Occupied （厕所）有人82、Vacant （厕所）无人83、Commit No Nuisance 禁止小便84、Net(Weight) 净重85、MAN：25032002 生产日期：2002年3月25日86、EXP：25032002 失效期：2002年3月25日87、Admission Free免费入场88、Bike Park(ing) 自行车存车处89、Children and Women First 妇女、儿童优先90、Save Food 节约粮食91、Save Energy 节约能源92、Handle with Care 小心轻放93、Dogs Not Allowed 禁止携犬入内94、Keep Away From Fire 切勿近火95、Reduced Speed Now 减速行驶96、Road Up. Detour 马路施工，请绕行97、Keep Top Side Up 请勿倒立98、Take Care Not to Leave Things Behind 当心不要丢失东西99、Please Return the Back After Use 用毕放回架上100、Luggage Depository 行李存放处A .Admission by invitation only/ticket only凭邀请/票入内Admission/admittence ?Free(ALL ARE FREE)免费入场All Reserved全部预订完All Sold Out 全部售空C.Children And Woman Admitted 妇女、儿童入内Children Under Meter Admitted Free 1米以下儿童免费Closed/Open停止/正在营业Cameras Forbidden 禁止拍照Commit No Nuisance禁止小便D.Danger, Keep Out 危险,请勿入内E ?Entrance 入口Exit 出口Emergency Door安全门Engaged 有人占用G .Gentlemen /Ladies 男/女厕所(W.C./Restroom/Toilet)H.Hands Off 勿动手N.No Admission/Admitence Except On Business闲人免进No Admittence Without A Pass凭通行证入场No Bills (Circulars)不准张贴No Haners不得在此叫卖No Scribblings 请勿乱画乱图No Smoking/Spitting/Littering禁止吸烟/吐痰/乱扔O.Off Limits 禁止入内Out Of Bounds游客止步P.Pay Attention To Publec Hydgens注意公共卫生Pull Full Price For Anything Damages损坏东西,照价赔偿Please Check And See If The Money Is Right, We Are Not Responsible After You Leave.钱款当面点清,过后概不负责Please Save The Bill For Three Days请保留三天Please Show Your Id Card 请出示身份证Q.Queue Or Line Up For Tickets请排队买票S.See To Fire(Be Ware Of Fire/Furious Dogs/ Sticky Finger)小心着火Silence 肃静Sit By Number 对号入座Staff Or Members Only 员工专用T.Tickets Holders Only 凭票上车This Ticket Is Valid For Three Days.本票三天内有效This Ticket Good Only On The Day Issued本票签发当日有效V.Vacant 无人占用Triffic SignsA.Authorized Cars Only 专用停车场B.Baggage Check-In /Claim行李托运处/领取处C.Customs海关检查处D.Domestic Arrivals (Departures)国内航班入/出港Detour Ahead前方有弯道Do Not Speak To The Driver While Bus Is In Motion 汽车行驶中,请勿与司机交谈G.Gravel Road沙石路段H.Hump/Dip 凹凸不平,减速行驶I.Interantional 国际航班K.Keep Left /Right请靠左右行L.Left Luggage Office 行李寄存处N.No Parking Day Or Night日夜禁止停车No Parking In Drive Way车辆出入,禁止停车No Parking 禁止停车No Tooting/ Honking /Horn严禁鸣笛No Overtaking On Bridge桥上行驶,勿超车No U TurnNo Right TurnNo Through Road 请绕行No Cycling Double不准骑车带人No Through Fare此路不通O.One Lane Bridge单行桥P.Pedenestrain Crossing Ahead前有人行道Please Pay Driver请向司机付费Please Pay Conductor 请向售票员付费Pull Signal Card Once When Approaching The Stop Required.快到车站时,请拉铃Pay The Corrict Fare, There Are Severe Penalties For Fare Evasion.请按要价付费,逃费者处以重罚Please State Your Destination When Paying Your FarePlease Vacate This Seat For A Disabled Person If Required.R.Riding On Platform, Prohibited严禁站台骑车S.Sharp Turn Ahead 前有急弯Security ?Check安全检查处Stop On Red Signal红灯亮请停止Steep Descent陡下坡Steep Climb(Rapid Ascent)陡上坡Safety Island(Traffic Island)安全岛Stand Clear Invalid Opening Door车门向内开,请勿靠近T.Transit Passenger中转旅客签证处V.Veniclar Entry车辆入口处Business Signs 店招A.Auto Services 汽车维修Any Damages Or Breakages Must Be Paid For 损坏东西,必须赔偿Acid With Care 酸性腐蚀品,请当心B.Bottle Shop/Bottle Service/Bottle Sales瓶装酒经销店Butcher/Butchery 肉店Barber(General)理发店Beauty Parlour 美容院Business Hours:/Office Hours营业时间Business As Usual 照常营业Business Suspended暂停营业Bottom This Side Up此端朝上C.Center Of Gravity/Point Of Strength 重心Clearance Price 清仓贱卖价Crazy Price 疯狂大减价Customers Please Refrain From Entering This Area顾客请止步Come On In 顾客请进Come On Up顾客请上楼Come On Down顾客请下楼Closed For Repairs 店内装修,暂停营业Closed For Holiday 假日休息,暂停营业Closed For Meeting 会务期间, 暂停营业Closed For Stock-Taking 今日盘点 ,暂停营业Corrosing 腐蚀品D.Dollar Bookshop一元书店Disposal Shop清仓处理店Duty Free Shop 免税商店Drumcity-Everything Musical鼓城乐器大全Dog Shop养狗用品商店Discount 折扣店Do Not Litter 请勿乱扔Do Not Dump Rubbish Here请勿在此倒垃圾Do Not Proceed Beyond Rail请勿翻越栏杆Do Not Drop 请勿摔打Do Not Stow On Deck 请勿在甲板上堆放Do Not Crush 禁止挤压E.Explosive 易爆品F.Funeral Directions 承办丧礼Funeral Parlour殡仪馆Furniture Center家具城Feel Free To Browse Around, You’Re Under No Obligation To BuyFire Can Be Dangerous, Please Don’T Drop Lighted Cigarettes And Matches Fragile 易碎品G.Government Cars For Sale 官车贱卖商行Guard Against Fire/Damp/Cold/Heat警防烟火/受潮/受冻/受热H.Hair Salon 理发店Hairdressing Salon理发店(一般的)Hair Stylist发型设计Hours For Openning And Closong开放时间Hazardous Goods 危险品I.Instant Repair即时修理If It Breaks, We Consider It Sold To You 如人为损害,照价赔偿Issue Of Loan’S 借书处Inflammable 易燃品K.Keep Cool/ Dry 保持凉/干Keep Away 请勿靠近Keep Flat /Store Level 保持平整Keep In Hold仓如装运Keep On Deck 甲板装运Keep Upright竖直存放Keep Top Side Up 顶部朝上L.Liquor Shop 白酒商店Locksmith 锁店Look With Your Eyes, Please Don Not Touch请勿动手触摸Lift Here 此端起吊Liquid 液体M.Money Lender 钱庄Motor Funerals丧葬用车出租店N.No Rough Handling 禁止野蛮搬运Not For Sale 非卖品No Food Or Drinks To Be Brought In Shops 请不要把饮食带入商店No Running/Rough Play/Swearing/Chewing Gum/Glass Bottles/Dogs OrAlcohol,Allowed请不要跑/大闹/骂人/吃口香糖/No Entry By This Door 禁止从此门进入Next Teller Please 请到其它窗口办理O.Open 7 Days A WeekOpen This End 此端开启P.Preowned Car Broken 旧车转让中间商Peal Estate Agents 房地产代理行Pawn Broker典当行Please Keep This Site BeautifulPrivate Property, Keep Out. Trespassers Will Be Prosecuted;私人住宅,请勿入内, 闯入者,将法办Photography Inside Ols Government House Not 不准在古旧的政府大楼内拍照Please Put All Cards In Shut, Sit Down Until Called 请用病历排队Please Do Ot Throw Plastic And Paper, Rubbish Into This RiverPerishable 易变质品Q.Quality Body Beating车身精修R.Repair While U. Wait 即时修理,立等可取Return Of Loan’S 还书处S.Smash Prepaires 汽车大修Sale Price 贱卖价Special Buy 特价商品Same Day Service 当日维修Self-Service 自助服务Stow Away From Care 避免受热T.Toy Fisheries 渔具店Terrific Value 超值商品Thank You For Your Custom 感谢惠顾Take Your Litter With You, Pollution Is A Menace To Us AllThis Area Is Open For Inspection Only此区在检查时开放The Sales Section Stops Here; Admittance To This Area Is Prohibited 非营业区,禁止入内Top Stand On End 此端朝上The Manegement Reserves Right To Refuse Entry管理人员有权谢绝入内U.Used Car Dealer 旧车商行Unattended Children Not Allowed In Shop无人照顾儿童,谢绝入商场Use No Hooks 禁止钩吊W.Watchmaker:Quality Repair钟表精修。
(人力资源管理)2020年人力资源管理常见英文词汇
（人力资源管理）2020年人力资源管理常见英文词汇人力资源管理常见英文单词人力资本：human capital工作投入work/job engagement管理过程management process 直线管理者line manager职能管理者staff manager职能控制functional control人事职能staff(service)function劳动力labor(work)force劳资关系labor relations公平就业机会equal opportunity反雇佣歧视行为affirmative action雇员健康与安全employee health and safety员工申诉grievance 失业unemployment病假工资sick pay工会trade union人性化管理humanized management住房补贴subsidized housing 集体谈判collective bargaining 充分就业full employment就业立法employment legislation企业家的entrepreneurial工业行动industrial action谈判工资negotiated wage市场工资率market rate工作分析job analysis Methods of collecting job analysis information:inteiview、questionaires问卷法、observation观察法、participant dairy/logs 工作日志写实法、position analysis questionnaire PAQ职位分析问卷工作描述job description工作说明job specification工作承担者在职（位）者job incumbent/holder权限authority工作权限Authority of incumbent工作标识job identification工作概要(综述) job summary知识、技能、能力KSA职位弱化Dejobbing扁平化组织flattened organization 工作扩大化job enlargement 工作轮换Job rotation无边界组织boundaryless organization工作丰富化job enrichmment 流程再造reengineering继任、接班succession富余redundancy人员流动turnover招聘recruitment人力资源规划及补充HR planning and recruiting人力资源需求personal need/demand人力资源供给personal supply（企业）内（外）部供给Supply of inside/outside candidate Methods of predicting employment needs:trend analysis趋势分析、ratio analsis 比率分析、 A scatter plot 散点图、using computer to forcast Personel requirments正规教育formal education行业经验industry experience 人员调配/配置图personel replacement chart人员储备开发记录personel inventory and development record人员配置staffing equation劳动生产率productivity资格数据库qualifications inventory职位空缺vacancy/open/opening填补职位空缺fill open positions 工作公告job posting人事记录personnel record技能库skill bank继任计划succession planning 申请者群an applicant pool就业服务机构(中介) employment agency校园招聘college recruiting猎头公司head hunters/executive recruiters推荐referral上门求职walk-in网上招聘recruiting on the internet甄选selection面试interview工作申请表application form 工作样本work sample评价中心assessment center背景调查background investigation效度validity信度reliability非定向/非结构化面试nondirective/unstructured interview定向/结构化面试directive/structured interview 评价面试appraisal interview 情境面试situational interiew 行为面试behavioral interview 压力面试stress interview工作相关性面试job-related interview系列化面试serialized interview 心理面试psychological interview个人面试personal interview小组面试panel interview集体面试mass interview培训与开发training and development上岗培训employee orientation/orientating employees培训需求training needs工作手册workbooks子任务subtasks低产出low output基层lower level在职者job holdersTraining methods:on-the-job training(OJT)、模拟培训simulated training、学徒apprentlceship training角色扮演role playing行为塑造behavior modeling 企业大学corporate university 企业内部开发中心in-house development centers绩效评估performance appraisal强制分布法forced distribution method行为锚定评价尺度behaviorally anchored rating scal (BARS)维度dimension目标管理management by objectives (MBO)职业生涯管理carrer management咨询专家counseling expert/consultant薪酬、补偿compensation奖励与福利incentives and benefits报酬remuneration薪资调查pay survey内在的intrinsic外在的extrinsic工资结构pay structure工资等级pay grade工资范围pay range货币的monetary基本工资base pay基准单位benchmark job可变工资variable pay宽带薪酬broadbanding小时工资hourly pay带薪休假paid time off1.人力资源管理:(Human Resource Management ,HRM) 人力资源经理:( human resource manager)高级管理人员:(executive)职业:(profession)道德标准:(ethics)操作工:(operative employees) 专家:(specialist) 人力资源认证协会:(the Human Resource Certification Institute,HRCI)2.外部环境:(external environment)内部环境:(internal environment) 政策:(policy)企业文化:(corporate culture)目标:(mission)股东:(shareholders)非正式组织:(informal organization)跨国公司:(multinational corporation,MNC)管理多样性:(managing diversity) 3.工作:(job)职位:(posting)工作分析:(job analysis)工作说明:(job description)工作规范:(job specification)工作分析计划表:(job analysis schedule,JAS)职位分析问卷调查法:(Management Position Description Questionnaire,MPDQ)行政秘书:(executive secretary) 地区服务经理助理:(assistant district service manager)4.人力资源计划:(Human Resource Planning,HRP)战略规划:(strategic planning) 长期趋势:(long term trend)要求预测:(requirement forecast) 供给预测:(availability forecast) 管理人力储备:(management inventory)裁减:(downsizing)人力资源信息系统:(Human Resource Information System,HRIS)5.招聘:(recruitment)员工申请表:(employee requisition)招聘方法:(recruitment methods) 内部提升:(Promotion From Within ,PFW)工作公告:(job posting)广告:(advertising)职业介绍所:(employment agency)特殊事件:(special events)实习:(internship)6.选择:(selection)选择率:(selection rate)简历:(resume)标准化:(standardization)有效性:(validity)客观性:(objectivity)规范:(norm)录用分数线:(cutoff score)准确度:(aiming)业务知识测试:(job knowledge tests)理交流平台！人力资源管理英文词汇高级管理人员:(executive)职业:(profession)道德标准:(ethics)操作工:(operative employees) 专家:(specialist) 人力资源认证协会:(the Human Resource Certification Institute,HRCI)外部环境:(external environment) 内部环境:(internal environment) 政策:(policy)企业文化:(corporate culture)目标:(mission)股东:(shareholders)非正式组织:(informal organization)跨国公司:(multinational corporation,MNC)工作:(job)职位:(posting)工作分析:(job analysis)工作说明:(job description)工作规范:(job specification)工作分析计划表:(job analysis schedule,JAS)职位分析问卷调查法:(Management Position Description Questionnaire,MPDQ)行政秘书:(executive secretary) 地区服务经理助理:(assistant district service manager)战略规划:(strategic planning) 长期趋势:(long term trend)管理人力储备:(management inventory)裁减:(downsizing)人力资源信息系统:(Human Resource Information System,HRIS) 招聘方法:(recruitment methods) 内部提升:(Promotion From Within ,PFW)广告:(advertising)职业介绍所:(employment agency)特殊事件:(special events)实习:(internship)选择:(selection)选择率:(selection rate)简历:(resume)标准化:(standardization)有效性:(validity)客观性:(objectivity)规范:(norm)录用分数线:(cutoff score)准确度:(aiming)业务知识测试:(job knowledgetests)求职面试:(employment interview)非结构化面试:(unstructured interview)结构化面试:(structured interview)小组面试:(group interview)职业兴趣测试:(vocational interest tests)会议型面试:(board interview) 组织变化与人力资源开发人力资源开发:(Human Resource Development,HRD)训练:(coaching)辅导:(mentoring)经营管理策略:(business games) 案例研究:(case study) 会议方法:(conference method) 角色扮演:(role playing)在职培训:(on-the-job training ,OJT)企业文化与组织发展企业文化:(corporate culture) 组织发展:(organization development,OD)调查反馈:(survey feedback)质量圈:(quality circles)目标管理:(management by objective,MBO)全面质量管理:(Total Quality Management,TQM)团队建设:(team building)职业计划与发展职业:(career)职业计划:(career planning)职业道路:(career path)职业发展:(career development) 自我评价:(self-assessment)职业动机:(career anchors)绩效评价绩效评价:(Performance Appraisal,PA)小组评价:(group appraisal)业绩评定表:(rating scales method)关键事件法:(critical incident method)排列法:(ranking method)平行比较法:(paired comparison) 硬性分布法:(forced distribution method)晕圈错误:(halo error) 宽松:(leniency)严格:(strictness)反馈:(-degree feedback)叙述法:(essay method)集中趋势:(central ten报酬:(compensation)直接经济报酬:(direct financial compensation)间接经济报酬:(indirect financial compensation)非经济报酬:(no financial compensation)公平:(equity)外部公平:(external equity)内部公平:(internal equity)员工公平:(employee equity)小组公平:(team equity)工资水平领先者:(pay leaders)现行工资率:(going rate)工资水平居后者:(pay followers) 劳动力市场:(labor market)工作评价:(job evaluation)排列法:(ranking method)分类法:(classification method) 因素比较法:(factor comparison method)评分法:(point method)海氏指示图表个人能力分析法:(Hay Guide Chart-profile Method)工作定价:(job pricing)工资等级:(pay grade)工资曲线:(wage curve)工资幅度:(pay range)福利和其它报酬问题福利(间接经济补偿) 员工股权计划:(employee stock ownership plan,ESOP)值班津贴:(shift differential)奖金:(incentive compensation) 分红制:(profit sharing)安全与健康的工作环境频率:(frequency rate)紧张:(stress)角色冲突:(role conflict)催眠法:(hypnosis)酗酒:(alcoholism)员工和劳动关系工会:(union)地方工会:(local union)行业工会:(craft union)产业工会:(industrial union)全国工会:(national union)谈判组:(bargaining union)劳资谈判:(collective bargaining) 仲裁:(arbitration)罢工:(strike)内部员工关系:(internal employee relations)纪律:(discipline)纪律处分:(disciplinary action) 申诉:(grievance)降职:(demotion)调动:(transfer)晋升:(promotion行政秘书：(executive secretary) 质量圈：(quality circles) 人事staffing领导leading控制controlling步骤process原理principle方法technique经理manager总经理general manager 行政人员administrator 主管人员supervisor企业enterprise商业business产业industry公司company效果effectiveness效率efficiency企业家entrepreneur权利power职权authority职责responsibility科学管理scientific management现代经营管理modern operational management行为科学behavior science生产率productivity激励motivate动机motive法律law法规regulation经济体系economic system 管理职能managerial function 产品product服务service利润profit满意satisfaction 归属affiliation尊敬esteem自我实现self-actualization人力投入human input盈馀surplus收入income成本cost资本货物capital goods机器machinery设备equipment建筑building存货inventory经验法the empirical approach 人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法the group behavior approach协作社会系统法the cooperativesocial systems approach社会技术系统法thesocial-technical systems approach决策理论法the decision theory approach数学法the mathematical approach系统法the systems approach 随机制宜法the contingency approach管理任务法the managerial roles approach经营法the operational approach人际关系human relation心理学psychology态度attitude 压力pressure冲突conflict招聘recruit鉴定appraisal选拔select培训train报酬compensation授权delegation of authority 协调coordinate业绩performance考绩制度merit system表现behavior下级subordinate偏差deviation检验记录inspection record误工记录record of labor-hours lost销售量sales volume产品质量quality of products 先进技术advanced technology 顾客服务customer service策略strategy结构structure领先性primacy普遍性pervasiveness忧虑fear忿恨resentment士气morale解雇layoff批发wholesale零售retail程序procedure规则rule规划program预算budget共同作用synergy 大型联合企业conglomerate 购买acquisition增长目标growth goal专利产品proprietary product 竞争对手rival晋升promotion管理决策managerial decision 商业道德business ethics有竞争力的价格competitive price供货商supplier小贩vendor利益冲突conflict of interests 派生政策derivative policy开支帐户expense account批准程序approval procedure 病假sick leave休假vacation工时labor-hour机时machine-hour资本支出capital outlay现金流量cash flow工资率wage rate税收率tax rate股息dividend现金状况cash position资金短缺capital shortage总预算overall budget资产负债表balance sheet可行性feasibility投入原则the commitment principle投资回报return on investment 生产能力capacity to produce 实际工作者practitioner最终结果end result 业绩performance个人利益personal interest福利welfare市场占有率market share创新innovation生产率productivity利润率profitability社会责任public responsibility 董事会board of director组织规模size of the organization组织文化organizational culture 目标管理management by objectives评价工具appraisal tool激励方法motivational techniques控制手段control device个人价值personal worth优势strength弱点weakness机会opportunity威胁threat个人责任personal responsibility顾问counselor定量目标quantitative objective 定性目标qualitative objective 可考核目标verifiable objective 优先priority工资表payroll策略strategy政策policy灵活性discretion多种经营diversification评估assessment 一致性consistency应变策略consistency strategy 公共关系public relation价值value抱负aspiration偏见prejudice审查review批准approval主要决定major decision分公司总经理division general manager资产组合距阵portfolio matrix 明星star问号question mark现金牛cash cow赖狗dog采购procurement人口因素demographic factor地理因素geographic factor 公司形象company image产品系列product line合资企业joint venture破产政策liquidation strategy 紧缩政策retrenchment strategy战术tactics追随followership个性individuality性格personality安全safety自主权latitude悲观的pessimistic静止的static乐观的optimistic动态的dynamic灵活的flexible 抵制resistance敌对antagonism折中eclectic激励motivation潜意识subconscious地位status情感affection欲望desire压力pressure满足satisfaction自我实现的需要needs forself-actualization尊敬的需要esteem needs归属的需要affiliation needs安全的需要security needs生理的需要physiological needs 维持maintenance保健hygiene激励因素motivator概率probability强化理论reinforcement theory 反馈feedback奖金bonus股票期权stock option劳资纠纷labor dispute缺勤率absenteeism人员流动turnover奖励reward特许经营franchise热诚zeal信心confidence鼓舞inspire要素ingredient忠诚loyalty奉献devotion作风style 品质trait适应性adaptability进取性aggressiveness热情enthusiasm毅力persistence人际交往能力interpersonal skills行政管理能力administrative ability智力intelligence专制式领导autocratic leader 民主式领导democratic leader 自由放任式领导free-rein leader 管理方格图the managerial grid 工作效率work efficiency服从obedience领导行为leader behavior支持型领导supportiveleadership参与型领导participative leadership指导型领导instrumental leadership成就取向型领导achievement-oriented leadershipAction learning：行动学习Alternation ranking method：交替排序法Annual bonus：年终分红Application forms：工作申请表Appraisal interview：评价面试Aptitudes：资质Arbitration：仲裁Attendance incentive plan：参与式激励计划Authority：职权Behavior modeling：行为模拟Behaviorally anchored rating scale (bars)：行为锚定等级评价法Benchmark job：基准职位Benefits：福利Bias：个人偏见Boycott：联合抵制Bumping/layoff procedures：工作替换/临时解雇程序Burnout：耗竭Candidate-order error：候选人次序错误Capital accumulation program：资本积累方案Career anchors：职业锚Career cycle：职业周期Career planning and development：职业规划与职业发展Case study method：案例研究方法Central tendency：居中趋势Citations：传讯Civil Rights Act：民权法Classes：类Classification (or grading) method：归类（或分级）法Collective bargaining：集体谈判Comparable worth：可比价值Compensable factor：报酬因素Computerized forecas：计算机化预测Content validity：内容效度Criterion validity：效标效度Critical incident method：关键事件法Davis-Bacon Act (DBA)：戴维斯─佩根法案Day-to-day-collective bargaining：日常集体谈判Decline stage：下降阶段Deferred profit-sharing plan：延期利润分享计划Defined benefit：固定福利Defined contribution：固定缴款Department of Labor job analysis：劳工部工作分析法Discipline：纪律Dismissal：解雇；开除Downsizing：精简Early retirement window：提前退休窗口Economic strike：经济罢工Edgar Schein：艾德加．施恩Employee compensation：职员报酬Employee orientation：雇员上岗引导Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) ：雇员退休收入保障法案Employee services benefits：雇员服务福利Employee stock ownership plan (ESOP)：雇员持股计划Equal Pay Act：公平工资法Establishment stage：确立阶段Exit interviews：离职面谈Expectancy chart：期望图表Experimentation：实验Exploration stage：探索阶段Fact-finder：调查Fair day's work：公平日工作Fair Labor Standards Act：公平劳动标准法案Flexible benefits programs：弹性福利计划Flex place：弹性工作地点Flextime：弹性工作时间Forced distribution method：强制分布法Four-day workweek：每周4天工作制Frederick Taylor：弗雷德里克．泰罗Functional control：职能控制Functional job analysis：功能性工作分析法Gain sharing：收益分享General economic conditions：一般经济状况Golden offerings：高龄给付Good faith bargaining：真诚的谈判Grade description：等级说明书Grades：等级Graphic rating scale：图尺度评价法Grid training：方格训练Grievance：抱怨Grievance procedure：抱怨程序Group life insurance：团体人寿保险Group pension plan：团体退休金计划Growth stage：成长阶段Guarantee corporation：担保公司Guaranteed fair treatment：有保证的公平对待Guaranteed piecework plan：有保障的计件工资制Halo effect：晕轮效应Health maintenance organization (HMO) ：健康维持组织Illegal bargaining：非法谈判项目Impasse：僵持Implied authority：隐含职权Incentive plan：激励计划Individual retirement account (IRA) ：个人退休账户In-house development center：企业内部开发中心Insubordination：不服从Insurance benefits：保险福利Interviews：谈话；面谈Job analysis：工作分析Job description：工作描述Job evaluation：职位评价Job instruction training (JIT) ：工作指导培训Job posting：工作公告Job rotation：工作轮换Job sharing：工作分组Job specifications：工作说明书John Holland：约翰．霍兰德Junior board：初级董事会Layoff：临时解雇Leader attach training：领导者匹配训练Lifetime employment without guarantees：无保证终身解雇Line manager：直线管理者Local market conditions：地方劳动力市场Lockout：闭厂Maintenance stage：维持阶段Management assessment center：管理评价中心Management by objectives (MBO)：目标管理法Management game：管理竞赛Management grid：管理方格训练Management process：管理过程Mandatory bargaining：强制谈判项目Mediation：调解Merit pay：绩效工资Merit raise：绩效加薪Mid career crisis sub stage：中期职业危机阶段Nondirective interview：非定向面试Occupational market conditions：职业市场状况Occupational orientation：职业性向Occupational Safety and Health Act：职业安全与健康法案Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)：职业安全与健康管理局Occupational skills：职业技能On-the-job training(OJT) ：在职培训Open-door：敞开门户Opinion survey：意见调查Organization development(OD)：组织发展Outplacement counseling：向外安置顾问Paired comparison method：配对比较法Panel interview：小组面试Participant diary/logs：现场工人日记/日志Pay grade：工资等级Pension benefits：退休金福利Pension plans：退休金计划People-first values："以人为本"的价值观Performance analysis：工作绩效分析Performance Appraisal interview：工作绩效评价面谈Personnel (or human resource) management：人事（或人力资源）管理Personnel replacement charts：人事调配图Piecework：计件Plant Closing law：工厂关闭法Point method Policies：政策Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ) ：职位分析问卷Position replacement cards：职位调配卡Pregnancy discrimination act：怀孕歧视法案Profit-sharing plan：利润分享计划Programmed learning：程序化教学Qualifications inventories：资格数据库Quality circle：质量圈Ranking method：排序法Rate ranges：工资率系列Ratio analysis：比率分析Reality shock：现实冲击Reliability：信度Retirement：退休Retirement benefits：退休福利Retirement counseling：退休前咨询Rings of defense：保护圈Role playing：角色扮演Salary surveys：薪资调查Savings plan：储蓄计划Scallion plan：斯坎伦计划Scatter plot：散点分析Scientific management：科学管理Self directed teams：自我指导工作小组Self-actualization：自我实现Sensitivity training：敏感性训练Serialized interview：系列化面试Severance pay：离职金Sick leave：病假Situational interview：情境面试Skip-level interview：越级谈话Social security：社会保障Speak up! ：讲出来！Special awards：特殊奖励Special management development techniques：特殊的管理开发技术Stabilization sub stage：稳定阶段Staff (service) function：职能（服务）功能Standard hour plan：标准工时工资Stock option：股票期权Straight piecework：直接计件制Strategic plan：战略规划Stress interview：压力面试Strictness/leniency：偏紧/偏松Strikes：罢工Structured interview：结构化面试Succession planning：接班计划Supplement pay benefits：补充报酬福利Supplemental unemployment benefits：补充失业福利Survey feedback：调查反馈Sympathy strike：同情罢工System Ⅳ：组织体系ⅣSystem I：组织体系Task analysis：任务分析Team building：团队建设Team or group：班组Termination：解雇；终止Termination at will：随意终止Theory X：X理论Theory Y：Y理论Third-party involvement：第三方介入Training：培训Transactional analysis (TA) ：人际关系心理分析Trend analysis：趋势分析Trial sub stage：尝试阶段Unclear performance standards：绩效评价标准不清Unemployment insurance：失业保险Unfair labor practice strike：不正当劳工活动罢工Unsafe acts：不安全行为Unsafe conditions：不安全环境Validity：效度Value-based hiring：以价值观为基础的雇佣Vroom-Yetton leadership trainman：维罗姆-耶顿领导能力训练Variable compensation：可变报酬Vestibule or simulated training：新雇员培训或模拟Vesting：特别保护权Voluntary bargaining：自愿谈判项目Voluntary pay cut：自愿减少工资方案Voluntary time off：自愿减少时间Wage carve：工资曲线Work samples：工作样本Work sampling technique：工作样本技术Work sharing：临时性工作分担Worker involvement：雇员参与计划Worker's benefits：雇员福利Adaptability 适应性Aligning Performance for Success 协调工作以求成功业绩Applied Learning 应用的知识Building a Successful Team 建立成功团队Building Customer Loyalty 对客户忠诚Building Partnerships 建立合作关系Building Strategic Working Relationships 建立战略性工作关系Building Trust 建立互信关系Coaching 辅导Communication 沟通Continuous Learning 不断学习Contributing to Team Success对团队成功的贡献Customer Focus 以客户为中心Decision Making 决策Delegating Responsibility 授权Developing Others 发展他人Drive for Results 注重实效Energy 精力充沛Facilitation Change 推动变革Follow-up 跟进Formal Presentation 专业演讲技巧Gaining Commitment 具有使命感Impact 影响力Information Monitoring 采集信息Initiating Action 主动采取行动Innovation 创新Job Fit 胜任工作Leading Through Mission and Values 在使命与价值的认同中的领导才能Managing Conflict 解决冲突Managing Work (Includes Time Management) 管理工作（时间管理）Meeting Leadership 会议组织能力Meeting Participation 分享Negotiation 谈判Planning and Organizing 编制计划与组织能力Quality Orientation 质量定位Risk Taking 勇于冒险Safety Awareness 安全意识Sales Ability / Persuasiveness销售能力/说服能力Strategic Leadership / Decision Making 战略性领导/决策制定Stress Tolerance 压力忍受能力Technical / Professional Knowledge and Skills 技术专业知识和技能Tenacity 坚忍不拔Work Standards 操作规范Action learning：行动学习Alternation ranking method：交替排序法Annual bonus：年终分红Application forms：工作申请表Appraisal interview：评价面试Aptitudes：资质Arbitration：仲裁Attendance incentive plan：参与式激励计划Authority：职权Behavior modeling：行为模拟Behaviorally anchored rating scale (bars)：行为锚定等级评价法Benchmark job：基准职位Benefits：福利Bias：个人偏见Boycott：联合抵制Bumping/layoff procedures：工作替换/临时解雇程序Burnout：耗竭Candidate-order error：候选人次序错误Capital accumulation program：资本积累方案Career anchors：职业锚Career cycle：职业周期Career planning and development：职业规划与职业发展Case study method：案例研究方法Central tendency：居中趋势Citations：传讯Civil Rights Act：民权法Classes：类Classification (or grading) method：归类（或分级）法集体谈判Comparable worth：可比价值Compensable factor：报酬因素Computerized forecast：计算机化预测Content validity：内容效度Criterion validity：效标效度Critical incident method：关键事件法Davis-Bacon Act (DBA)：戴维斯―佩根法案Day-to-day-collective bargaining：日常集体谈判Decline stage：下降阶段Deferred profit-sharing plan：延期利润分享计划Defined benefit：固定福利Defined contribution：固定缴款Department of Labor job analysis：劳工部工作分析法Discipline：纪律Dismissal：解雇；开除Downsizing：精简Early retirement window：提前退休窗口Economic strike：经济罢工Edgar Schein：艾德加•施恩Employee compensation：职员报酬Employee orientation：雇员上岗引导Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) ：雇员退休收入保障法案Employee services benefits：雇员服务福利Employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) ：雇员持股计划Equal Pay Act：公平工资法Establishment stage：确立阶段Exit interviews：离职面谈Expectancy chart：期望图表Experimentation：实验Exploration stage：探索阶段Fact-finder：调查Fair day’s work：公平日工作Fair Labor Standards Act：公平劳动标准法案Flexible benefits programs：弹性福利计划Flex place：弹性工作地点Flextime：弹性工作时间Forced distribution method：强制分布法Four-day workweek：每周天工作制Frederick Taylor：弗雷德里克•泰罗Functional control：职能控制Functional job analysis：功能性工作分析法沟通Communication个人发展Personal Development电子学习e-Learning项目管理Project Management 领导艺术Leadership团队建设Team Building管理Management商务管理类行政管理Administrative Support人力资源Human Resources 商法Business Law行业Industry客户服务Customer Service知识管理Knowledge Management电子商务e-Business 市场Marketing金融/财会Finance & Accounting企业运营Operations财务服务Financial Services销售Salesable 有才干的，能干的adaptable 适应性强的active 主动的，活跃的aggressive 有进取心的ambitious 有雄心壮志的amiable 和蔼可亲的amicable 友好的analytical 善于分析的apprehensive 有理解力的aspiring 有志气的，有抱负的audacious 大胆的，有冒险精神的capable 有能力的，有才能的careful 办理仔细的candid 正直的competent 能胜任的constructive 建设性的cooperative 有合作精神的creative 富创造力的dedicated 有奉献精神的dependable 可靠的diplomatic 老练的，有策略的disciplined 守纪律的dutiful 尽职的well--educated 受过良好教育的efficient 有效率的energetic 精力充沛的expressivity 善于表达faithful 守信的，忠诚的frank 直率的，真诚的generous 宽宏大量的genteel 有教养的gentle 有礼貌的humorous 有幽默impartial 公正的independent 有主见的industrious 勤奋的ingenious 有独创性的motivated 目的明确的intelligent 理解力强的learned 精通某门学问的logical 条理分明的methodical 有方法的modest 谦虚的objective 客观的precise 一丝不苟的punctual 严守时刻的realistic 实事求是的responsible 负责的sensible 明白事理的sporting 光明正大的steady 踏实的systematic 有系统的purposeful 意志坚强的sweet-tempered 性情温和的temperate 稳健的tireless 孜孜不倦的name 姓名in. 英寸pen name 笔名ft. 英尺alias 别名street 街Mr. 先生road 路Miss 小姐district 区Ms （小姐或太太）house number 门牌Mrs. 太太lane 胡同，巷age 年龄height 身高blood type 血型weight 体重address 地址born 生于permanent address 永久住址birthday 生日province 省birthdate 出生日期city 市birthplace 出生地点county 县home phone 住宅电话prefecture 专区office phone 办公电话autonomous region 自治区business phone 办公电话nationality 民族；国籍current address 目前住址citizenship 国籍date of birth 出生日期native place 籍贯postal code 邮政编码duel citizenship 双重国籍marital status 婚姻状况family status 家庭状况married 已婚single 未婚divorced 离异separated 分居number of children 子女人数health condition 健康状况health 健康状况excellent （身体）极佳short-sighted 近视far-sighted 远视ID card 身份证date of availability 可到职时间membership 会员、资格president 会长vice-president 副会长director 理事standing director 常务理事society 学会association 协会secretary-general 秘书长research society 研究会work experience 工作经历occupational history 工作经历professional history 职业经历specific experience 具体经历responsibilities 职责second job 第二职业achievements 工作成就，业绩administer 管理assist 辅助adapted to 适应于accomplish 完成（任务等）appointed 被认命的adept in 善于analyze 分析authorized 委任的；核准的behave 表现break the record 打破纪录breakthrough 关键问题的解决control 控制conduct 经营，处理cost 成本；费用create 创造demonstrate 证明，示范decrease 减少design 设计develop 开发，发挥devise 设计，发明direct 指导double 加倍，翻一番earn 获得，赚取effect 效果，作用eliminate 消除enlarge 扩大enrich 使丰富exploit 开发（资源，产品）enliven 搞活establish 设立（公司等）；使开业evaluation 估价，评价execute 实行，实施expedite 加快；促进generate 产生good at 擅长于guide 指导；操纵improve 改进，提高initiate 创始，开创innovate 改革，革新invest 投资integrate 使结合；使一体化justified 经证明的；合法化的launch 开办（新企业）maintain 保持；维修modernize 使现代化negotiate 谈判nominated 被提名；被认命的overcome 克服perfect 使完善；改善perform 执行，履行profit 利润be promoted to 被提升为be proposed as 被提名（推荐）为realize 实现（目标）获得（利润）reconstruct 重建recorded 记载的refine 精练，精制registered 已注册的regenerate 更新，使再生replace 接替，替换retrieve 挽回revenue 收益，收入scientific 科学的，系统的self-dependence 自力更生serve 服务，供职settle 解决（问题等）shorten 减低……效能simplify 简化，精简spread 传播，扩大standard 标准，规格supervises 监督，管理supply 供给，满足systematize 使系统化test 试验，检验well-trained 训练有素的valuable 有价值的target 目标，指标working model 劳动模范advanced worker 先进工作者education 学历educational history 学历educational background 教育程度curriculum 课程major 主修minor 副修educational highlights 课程重点部分curriculum included 课程包括specialized courses 专门课程courses taken 所学课程special training 特别训练social practice 社会实践part-time jobs 业馀工作summer jobs 暑期工作vacation jobs 假期工作refresher course 进修课程extracurricular activities 课外活动physical activities 体育活动recreational activities 娱乐活动academic activities 学术活动social activities 社会活动rewards 奖励scholarship 奖学金excellent League member 优秀团员excellent leader 优秀干部student council 学生会off-job training 脱产培训in-job training 在职培训educational system 学制academic year 学年semester 学期（美）term 学期（英）supervisor 论文导师pass 及格fail 不及格marks 分数examination 考试degree 学位post doctorate 博士后doctor(PhD) 博士master 硕士bachelor 学士graduate student 研究生abroad student 留学生abroad student 留学生undergraduate 大学肆业生government-supportedstudent 公费生commoner 自费生extern 走读生intern 实习生prize fellow 奖学金生boarder 寄宿生graduate 毕业生guest student 旁听生（英）auditor 旁听生（美）day-student 走读生objective 目标position desired 希望职位job objective 工作目标employment objective 工作目标career objective 职业目标position sought 谋求职位position wanted 希望职位position applied for 申请职位for more specialized work 为更专门的工作for prospects of promotion 为晋升的前途for higher responsibility 为更高层次的工作责任for wider experience 为扩大工作经验due to close-down of company 由于公司倒闭due to expiry of employment 由于雇用期满sought a better ob 找到了更好的工作to seek a better job 找一份更好的工作hobbies 业馀爱好play the guitar 弹吉他。
美国发布2024版《关键和新兴技术清单》(英)
About the National Science and Technology CouncilThe National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) is the principal means by which the Executive Branch coordinates science and technology policy across the diverse entities that make up the Federal research and development enterprise. A primary objective of the NSTC is to ensure that science and technology policy decisions and programs are consistent with the President's stated goals. The NSTC prepares research and development strategies that are coordinated across Federal agencies aimed at accomplishing multiple national goals. The work of the NSTC is organize d unde r committe e s that oversee subcommittees and working groups focused on different aspects of science and technology. More information is available at /ostp/nstc.About the Office of Science and Technology PolicyThe Office of Scie nce and Te chnology Policy (OSTP) was e stablishe d by the National Scie nce and Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976 to provide the President and others within the Exe cutive Office of the Pre side nt with advice on the scie ntific, e ngine e ring, and te chnological aspe cts of the e conomy, national se curity, home land se curity, he alth, fore ign re lations, the environment, and the technological recovery and use of resources, among other topics. OSTP leads interagency science and technology policy coordination efforts, assists the Office of Management and Budget with an annual review and analysis of Federal research and development in budgets, and serves as a source of scientific and technological analysis and judgment for the President with respect to major policie s, plans, and programs of the Fe de ral Gove rnme nt. More information is available at /ostp.About the Fast Track Action Subcommittee on Critical and Emerging TechnologiesThe NSTC established this Fast Track Action Subcommittee in 2020 to identify critical and emerging technologies to inform national security-related activities. In support of this work, the Subcommittee coordinated across the NSTC and the National Security Council (NSC) to identify priority critical and emerging technology subfields, updated no less than every two years.About this DocumentThis document identifies critical and emerging technologies.Copyright InformationThis document is a work of the United States Government and is in the public domain (see 17 U.S.C. §105). It may be distributed and copied with acknowledgment to OSTP. Published in the United States of America, 2024.NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCILChairArati Prabhakar, Director, Office of Science and Technology PolicyExecutive DirectorKei Koizumi, Acting Executive Director, National Science and Technology Council, Principal Deputy Director for Policy, OSTPFAST TRACK ACTION SUBCOMMITTEE ON CRITICAL AND EMERGINGTECHNOLOGIESCo-ChairsHila Levy, Office of Science and Technology PolicyGarrett Berntsen, National Security Council (through December 2023)Tantum (Teddy) Collins, National Security Council (from December 2023)Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of DefenseDepartment of EnergyDepartment of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of the Interior Department of JusticeDepartment of StateDepartment of Transportation MembersNational Aeronautics and SpaceAdministrationNational Science FoundationNational Security AgencyNational Security Council staffNational Space Council staffOffice of the Director of NationalIntelligenceOffice of Management and BudgetOffice of Science and Technology PolicyTable of ContentsAbbreviations and Acronyms (iii)Overview (1)Critical and Emerging Technologies List (2)Critical and Emerging Technology Subfields (3)Abbreviations and AcronymsAI artificial intelligenceCET c ritical and emerging technology(ies) NSTC National Science and Technology Council OSTP Office of Science and Technology Policy RF radio frequencyOverviewCritical and emerging technologies (CETs) are a subset of advanced technologies that are potentially significant to U.S. national security. The 2022 National Security Strategy identifies three national security interests: protect the security of the American people, expand economic prosperity and opportunity, and realize and defend the democratic values at the he art of the Ame rican way of life.1 The NSTC established this Fast Track Action Subcommittee in 2020 to identify critical and emerging technologies to inform national security-related activities. This list identifies CETs with the potential to further these interests and builds on the October 2020 National Strategy for Critical and Emerging Technologies, which contains an initial list of priority CETs.2 This updated document expands upon that original CET list and the February 2022 update by identifying subfields for each CET with a focus, where possible, on core technologies that continue to emerge and modernize, while remaining critical to a free, open, secure, and prospe rous world. While e nabling or supporting te chnologie s are sometimes re fere nce d, other enabling capabilities, like a modernized, technically capable workforce, are excluded. Though certain enabling capabilities are not explicitly included, they remain critical to the promotion and protection of all CETs.Though not a strate gy docume nt, this update d CET list may inform gove rnme nt-wide and age ncy-specific efforts concerning U.S. technological competitiveness and national security. This list may also inform future efforts to prioritize across CETs and their component subfields; however, this list should not be interpreted as a priority list for either policy development or funding. Instead, this list should be used as a resource to: inform future efforts that promote U.S. technological leadership; cooperate with allies and partners to advance and maintain shared technological advantages; develop, design, govern, and use CETs that yie ld tangible be ne fits for socie ty and are aligne d with de mocratic value s; and de ve lop U.S. Gove rnme nt me asure s that respond to threats against U.S. security. Departments and agencies may consult this CET list when developing, for example, initiatives to research and develop te chnologie s that support national se curity missions, compe te for inte rnational tale nt, and prote ct sensitive technology from misappropriation and misuse.To generate this updated CET list, the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) facilitated an e xte nsive inte rage ncy de libe rative proce ss through the National Scie nce and Te chnology Council (NSTC) and in coordination with the National Se curity Council (NSC). The re sponsible NSTC subcommitte e include d subje ct matte r e xpe rts from 18 de partme nts, age ncie s, and office s in the Executive Office of the President, who identified CET subfields that their home organizations determined may be critical to U.S. national security. As such, this updated CET list, which was coordinated through both the NSTC and the NSC, reflects an interagency consensus on updates to the 2022 CETs.1 https:///wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Biden-Harris-Administrations-National-Security-Strategy-10.2022.pdf2 https:///wp-content/uploads/2020/10/National-Strategy-for-CET.pdfCritical and Emerging Technologies ListThe following critical and emerging technology areas are of particular importance to the national security of the United States:•Advanced Computing•Advanced Engineering Materials•Advanced Gas Turbine Engine Technologies•Advanced and Networked Sensing and Signature Management•Advanced Manufacturing•Artificial Intelligence•Biotechnologies•Clean Energy Generation and Storage•Data Privacy, Data Security, and Cybersecurity Technologies•Directed Energy•Highly Automated, Autonomous, and Uncrewed Systems (UxS), and Robotics•Human-Machine Interfaces•Hypersonics•Integrated Communication and Networking Technologies•Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) Technologies•Quantum Information and Enabling Technologies•Semiconductors and Microelectronics•Space Technologies and SystemsCritical and Emerging Technology SubfieldsEach identified CET area includes a set of key subfields that describe its scope in more detail.Advanced Computing•Advanced supercomputing, including for AI applications•Edge computing and devices•Advanced cloud services•High-performance data storage and data centers•Advanced computing architectures•Advanced modeling and simulation•Data processing and analysis techniques•Spatial computingAdvanced Engineering Materials•Materials by design and material genomics•Materials with novel properties to include substantial improvements to existing properties •Novel and emerging techniques for material property characterization and lifecycle assessment Advanced Gas Turbine Engine Technologies•Aerospace, maritime, and industrial development and production technologies•Full-authority digital engine control, hot-section manufacturing, and associated technologiesAdvanced and Networked Sensing and Signature Management•Payloads, sensors, and instruments•Sensor processing and data fusion•Adaptive optics•Remote sensing of the Earth•Geophysical sensing•Signature management•Detection and characterization of pathogens and of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear weapons and materials•Transportation-sector sensing•Security-sector sensing•Health-sector sensing•Energy-sector sensing•Manufacturing-sector sensing•Building-sector sensing•Environmental-sector sensingAdvanced Manufacturing•Advanced additive manufacturing•Advanced manufacturing technologies and techniques including those supporting clean, sustainable, and smart manufacturing, nanomanufacturing, lightweight metal manufacturing, and product and material recoveryArtificial Intelligence (AI)•Machine learning•Deep learning•Reinforcement learning•Sensory perception and recognition•AI assurance and assessment techniques•Foundation models•Generative AI systems, multimodal and large language models•Synthetic data approaches for training, tuning, and testing•Planning, reasoning, and decision making•Technologies for improving AI safety, trust, security, and responsible useBiotechnologies•Novel synthetic biology including nucleic acid, genome, epigenome, and protein synthesis and engineering, including design tools•Multi-omics and other biometrology, bioinformatics, computational biology, predictive modeling, and analytical tools for functional phenotypes•Engineering of sub-cellular, multicellular, and multi-scale systems•Cell-free systems and technologies•Engineering of viral and viral delivery systems•Biotic/abiotic interfaces•Biomanufacturing and bioprocessing technologiesClean Energy Generation and Storage•Renewable generation•Renewable and sustainable chemistries, fuels, and feedstocks•Nuclear energy systems•Fusion energy•Energy storage•Electric and hybrid engines•Batteries•Grid integration technologies•Energy-efficiency technologies•Carbon management technologiesData Privacy, Data Security, and Cybersecurity Technologies•Distributed ledger technologies•Digital assets•Digital payment technologies•Digital identity technologies, biometrics, and associated infrastructure•Communications and network security•Privacy-enhancing technologies•Technologies for data fusion and improving data interoperability, privacy, and security•Distributed confidential computing•Computing supply chain security•Security and privacy technologies in augmented reality/virtual realityDirected Energy•Lasers•High-power microwaves•Particle beamsHighly Automated, Autonomous, and Uncrewed Systems (UxS), and Robotics •Surface•Air•Maritime•Space•Supporting digital infrastructure, including High Definition (HD) maps•Autonomous command and controlHuman-Machine Interfaces•Augmented reality•Virtual reality•Human-machine teaming•NeurotechnologiesHypersonics•Propulsion•Aerodynamics and control•Materials, structures, and manufacturing•Detection, tracking, characterization, and defense•TestingIntegrated Communication and Networking Technologies•Radio-frequency (RF) and mixed-signal circuits, antennas, filters, and components•Spectrum management and sensing technologies•Future generation wireless networks•Optical links and fiber technologies•Terrestrial/undersea cables•Satellite-based and stratospheric communications•Delay-tolerant networking•Mesh networks/infrastructure independent communication technologies•Software-defined networking and radios•Modern data exchange techniques•Adaptive network controls•Resilient and adaptive waveformsPositioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) Technologies•Diversified PNT-enabling technologies for users and systems in airborne, space-based, terrestrial, subterranean, and underwater settings•Interference, jamming, and spoofing detection technologies, algorithms, analytics, and networked monitoring systems•Disruption/denial-resisting and hardening technologiesQuantum Information and Enabling Technologies•Quantum computing•Materials, isotopes, and fabrication techniques for quantum devices•Quantum sensing•Quantum communications and networking•Supporting systemsSemiconductors and Microelectronics•Design and electronic design automation tools•Manufacturing process technologies and manufacturing equipment•Beyond complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology•Heterogeneous integration and advanced packaging•Spe cialize d/tailore d hardware compone nts for artificial inte llige nce, natural and hostile radiation e nvironme nts, RF and optical compone nts, high-powe r de vice s, and othe r critical applications•Novel materials for advanced microelectronics•Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS)•Novel architectures for non-Von Neumann computingSpace Technologies and Systems•In-space servicing, assembly, and manufacturing as well as enabling technologies•Technology enablers for cost-effective on-demand, and reusable space launch systems•Technologies that enable access to and use of cislunar space and/or novel orbits•Sensors and data analysis tools for space-based observations•Space propulsion•Advanced space vehicle power generation•Novel space vehicle thermal management•Crewed spaceflight enablers•Resilient and path-diverse space communication systems, networks, and ground stations •Space launch, range, and safety technologies。
曼彻斯特大学商科专业大全
曼彻斯特大学商科专业大全曼彻斯特商科共有40个专业International Disaster Management（国际灾害管理）学位类型：MAInternational Development: Development Management （国际发展：发展管理）学位类型：MAInternational Development: Politics, Governance and Development Policy（政治，治理和发展政策）学位类型：MAInternational Development: Poverty, Conflict and Reconstruction （国际发展：贫困，冲突和重建）学位类型：MScHuman Resource Development (International Development) （人力资源发展（国际发展））学位类型：MScArts and Cultural Management Professional Doctorate（艺术与文化管理专业博士学位）学位类型：PhDPublic International Law（国际公法）学位类型：LLMSecurity and International Law（安全与国际法）学位类型：LLMMEnt Business（换货业务）学位类型：MScInternational Fashion Retailing (Multichannel Marketing)（国际时装零售（多渠道营销））学位类型：MScBusiness Administration（商业管理）学位类型：MBABusiness Analysis and Strategic Management（业务分析和战略管理）学位类型：MScACSwITM: Information Management（ACSwITM：信息管理）学位类型：MSc MBA（工商管理硕士）学位类型：MBADevelopment Policy and Management （发展政策和管理）学位类型：PhD Management（管理）学位类型：MResHuman Resource Management and Industrial Relations（人力资源管理和劳资关系）学位类型：MScReal Estate Asset Management（房地产资产管理）学位类型：MScInternational Development: Public Policy and Management（国际发展：公共政策与管理）学位类型：MACompetition, Regulation and Development（竞争，规制与发展）学位类型：MScInnovation Management and Entrepreneurship （创新管理和创业学）学位类型：MScIndustry, Trade and Development （工业，贸易和发展）学位类型：MScInternational Business and Commercial Law （国际商业和商法法学）学位类型：LLMInternational Human Resource Management and Comparative IndustrialRelations （国际人力资源管理和比较工业关系）学位类型：MScInternational Politics - International Relations Pathway (Standard Route) （国际政治 - 国际关系的途径（标准线））学位类型：MAInternational Politics - International Relations Pathway (Research Route) （国际政治 - 国际关系的途径（研究路线））学位类型：MAOperations, Project and Supply Chain Management（行动，项目和供应链管理）学位类型：MScInternational Fashion Retailing ( Business Process Improvement) （国际时装零售（业务流程改进））学位类型：MScCorporate Governance（公司治理）学位类型：LLMCorporate Communications and Reputation Management （公司通讯和声誉管理）学位类型：MScInternational Business and Management （国际商业和管理学）学位类型：MScMarketing （市场营销）学位类型：MScBusiness and Management （商业及管理）学位类型：MPhilInternational Fashion Retailing （国际时装零售）学位类型：MScBusiness and Management （商业及管理）学位类型：PhDPlanning and Environmental Management (FT) （规划及环境管理（FT））学位类型：PhDManagement of Projects （项目管理）学位类型：PhDManagement of Projects （项目管理）学位类型：MPhilManagement of Projects by Research（通过研究项目管理）学位类型：MScAnalytics: Operational Research and Risk Analysis （分析：运筹学与风险分析）学位类型：MSc经济金融共有31个专业International Fashion Marketing （国际时尚零售）学位类型：MScActuarial Science（精算学）学位类型：MScPolitical Economy (Research)（政治经济学（研究））学位类型：MAPolitical Economy (Standard) MA (pathways; Theoretical Pol Economy/ Finance, Bus. & Employment/Political Economy of Dev./Society, Space & Environ.)（政治经济学（标准），MA（途径;理论的POL经济/金融，公交，就业/开发/学会，空间与环境的政治经济学。
人力资源管理常见英文词汇
人力资源管理常见英文词汇人力资本：human ca pital工作投入work/job e ngagement治理过程manageme nt process直线治理者line ma nager职能治理者staff ma nager职能操纵functional control人事职能staff(servi ce)function劳动力labor(work)fo rce劳资关系labor rela tions公平就业机会equal opportunity反雇佣鄙视行为aff irmative action雇员健康与安全em ployee health and safety 职员申诉grievance失业unemployment病假工资sick pay工会trade union人性化治理humanize d management住房补贴subsidized housing集体谈判collective bargaining充分就业full empl oyment就业立法employment legislation企业家的entreprene urial工业行动industrial action谈判工资negotiated wage市场工资率market r ate工作分析job analysisMethods of collectin g job analysis informatio n:inteiview、questionaires 咨询卷法、observation观看法、participant dairy/log s 工作日志写实法、positi on analysis questionnaire PAQ职位分析咨询卷工作描述job descri ption工作讲明job specif ication工作承担者在职（位）者job incumbent/h older权限authority工作权限Authority o f incumbent工作标识job identi fication工作概要(综述) job summary知识、技能、能力KSA职位弱化Dejobbing扁平化组织flattene d organization工作扩大化job enl argement工作轮换Job rotati on无边界组织boundar yless organization工作丰富化job enr ichmment流程再造reengineer ing继任、接班successi on富余redundancy人员流淌turnover聘请recruitment人力资源规划及补充HR planning and recruiti ng人力资源需求pers onal need/demand人力资源供给pers onal supply（企业）内（外）部供给Supply of inside/o utside candidateMethods of predictin g employment needs:trend analysis趋势分析、rati o analsis 比率分析、 A scatter plot 散点图、usi ng computer to forcast P ersonel requirments正规教育formal edu cation行业体会industry e xperience人员调配/配置图pe rsonel replacement chart人员储备开发记录p ersonel inventory and dev elopment record人员配置staffing eq uation劳动生产率producti vity资格数据库qualific ations inventory职位空缺vacancy/ open/opening填补职位空缺fill op en positions工作公告job posting人事记录personnel record技能库skill bank继任打算succession planning申请者群an applic ant pool就业服务机构(中介) employment agency校园聘请college rec ruiting猎头公司head hunte rs/executive recruiters举荐referral上门求职walk-in网上聘请recruiting on the internet甄选selection面试interview工作申请表applicat ion form工作样本work sa mple评判中心assessment center背景调查background investigation效度validity信度reliability非定向/非结构化面试nondirective/unstructur ed interview定向/结构化面试dir ective/structured interview 评判面试appraisal interview情境面试situational interiew行为面试behavioral interview压力面试stress inte rview工作有关性面试job-related interview系列化面试serialize d interview心理面试psycholog ical interview个人面试personal in terview小组面试panel inter view集风光试mass inter view培训与开发training and development上岗培训employee orientation/orientating emp loyees培训需求training ne eds工作手册workbooks子任务subtasks低产出low output基层lower level在职者job holdersTraining methods:on-t he-job training(OJT)、模拟培训simulated training、学徒apprentlceship trainin g角色扮演role playi ng行为塑造behavior modeling企业大学corporate university企业内部开发中心i n-house development cent ers绩效评估performan ce appraisal强制分布法forced distribution method行为锚定评判尺度b ehaviorally anchored ratin g scal (BARS)维度dimension目标治理managem ent by objectives (MBO)职业生涯治理carrer management咨询专家counseling expert/consultant薪酬、补偿compens ation奖励与福利incentives and benefits酬劳remuneration薪资调查pay survey内在的intrinsic外在的extrinsic工资结构pay structu re工资等级pay grade工资范畴pay range货币的monetary差不多工资base pa y基准单位benchmark job可变工资variable p ay宽带薪酬broadbandin g小时工资hourly pay带薪休假paid time off1.人力资源治理:(Hu man Resource Manageme nt ,HRM)人力资源经理:( hum an resource manager)高级治理人员:(execut ive)职业:(profession)道德标准:(ethics)操作工:(operative em ployees)专家:(specialist)人力资源认证协会:(t he Human Resource Certi fication Institute,HRCI)2.外部环境:(external environment)内部环境:(internal en vironment)政策:(policy)企业文化:(corporate culture)目标:(mission)股东:(shareholders)非正式组织:(informal organization)跨国公司:(multination al corporation,MNC)治理多样性:(managing diversity)3.工作:(job)职位:(posting)工作分析:(job analysi s)工作讲明:(job descri ption)工作规范:(job specifi cation)工作分析打算表:(job analysis schedule,JAS)职位分析咨询卷调查法:(Management Position Description Questionnaire, MPDQ)行政秘书:(executive secretary)地区服务经理助理:(a ssistant district service m anager)4.人力资源打算:(Hu man Resource Planning,H RP)战略规划:(strategic p lanning)长期趋势:(long term trend)要求推测:(requiremen t forecast)供给推测:(availability forecast)治理人力储备:(mana gement inventory)裁减:(downsizing)人力资源信息系统: (Human Resource Informa tion System,HRIS)5.聘请:(recruitment)职员申请表:(employe e requisition)聘请方法:(recruitment methods)内部提升:(Promotion From Within ,PFW)工作公告:(job postin g)广告:(advertising)职业介绍所:(employ ment agency)专门事件:(special ev ents)实习:(internship)6.选择:(selection)选择率:(selection rat e)简历:(resume)标准化:(standardizatio n)有效性:(validity)客观性:(objectivity)规范:(norm)录用分数线:(cutoff s core)准确度:(aiming)业务知识测试:(job k nowledge tests)理交流平台！人力资源治理英文词汇高级治理人员:(execut ive)职业:(profession)道德标准:(ethics)操作工:(operative employ ees)专家:(specialist)人力资源认证协会:(the H uman Resource Certificati on Institute,HRCI)外部环境:(external enviro nment)内部环境:(internal environ ment)政策:(policy)企业文化:(corporate cultur e)目标:(mission)股东:(shareholders)非正式组织:(informal org anization)跨国公司:(multinational c orporation,MNC)工作:(job)职位:(posting)工作分析:(job analysis)工作讲明:(job description) 工作规范:(job specificatio n)工作分析打算表:(job anal ysis schedule,JAS)职位分析咨询卷调查法: (Management Position De scription Questionnaire,M PDQ)行政秘书:(executive secre tary)地区服务经理助理:(assista nt district service manage r)战略规划:(strategic planni ng)长期趋势:(long term tren d)治理人力储备:(mana gement inventory)裁减:(downsizing)人力资源信息系统:(Huma n Resource Information S ystem,HRIS)聘请方法:(recruitment methods)内部提升:(Promotion Fro m Within ,PFW)广告:(advertising)职业介绍所:(employment agency)专门事件:(special events) 实习:(internship)选择:(selection)选择率:(selection rate)简历:(resume)标准化:(standardization) 有效性:(validity)客观性:(objectivity)规范:(norm)录用分数线:(cutoff score) 准确度:(aiming)业务知识测试:(job knowl edge tests)求职面试:(employment int erview)非结构化面试:(unstructure d interview)结构化面试:(structured int erview)小组面试:(group intervie w)职业爱好测试:(vocational interest tests)会议型面试:(board intervi ew)组织变化与人力资源开发人力资源开发:(Human Re source Development,HRD)训练:(coaching)辅导:(mentoring)经营治理策略:(business g ames) 案例研究:(case study)会议方法:(conference met hod)角色扮演:(role playing)在职培训:(on-the-job training ,OJT)企业文化与组织进展企业文化:(corporate cultur e)组织进展:(organization de velopment,OD)调查反馈:(survey feedbac k)质量圈:(quality circles)目标治理:(management by objective,MBO)全面质量治理:(Total Qual ity Management,TQM)团队建设:(team building) 职业打算与进展职业:(career)职业打算:(career plannin g)职业道路:(career path)职业进展:(career develop ment)自我评判:(self-assessment) 职业动机:(career anchors) 绩效评判绩效评判:(Performance A ppraisal,PA)小组评判:(group appraisa l)业绩评定表:(rating scales method)关键事件法:(critical incid ent method)排列法:(ranking method) 平行比较法:(paired comp arison)硬性分布法:(forced distrib ution method)晕圈错误:(halo error)宽松:(leniency)严格:(strictness)反馈:(-degree feedback) 叙述法:(essay method)集中趋势:(central ten酬劳:(compensation) 直截了当经济酬劳:(direct financial compensation) 间接经济酬劳:(indirect fi nancial compensation)非经济酬劳:(no financial compensation)公平:(equity)外部公平:(external equity) 内部公平:(internal equity) 职员公平:(employee equit y)小组公平:(team equity)工资水平领先者:(pay lead ers)现行工资率:(going rate) 工资水平居后者:(pay foll owers)劳动力市场:(labor marke t)工作评判:(job evaluation) 排列法:(ranking method)分类法:(classification met hod)因素比较法:(factor compa rison method)评分法:(point method)海氏指示图表个人能力分析法:(Hay Guide Chart-pr ofile Method)工作定价:(job pricing)工资等级:(pay grade)工资曲线:(wage curve) 工资幅度:(pay range)福利和其它酬劳咨询题福利(间接经济补偿)职员股权打算:(employee stock ownership plan,ESO P)值班津贴:(shift differentia l)奖金:(incentive compensat ion)分红制:(profit sharing)安全与健康的工作环境频率:(frequency rate) 紧张:(stress)角色冲突:(role conflict) 催眠法:(hypnosis)酗酒:(alcoholism)职员和劳动关系工会:(union)地点工会:(local union)行业工会:(craft union)产业工会:(industrial unio n)全国工会:(national union) 谈判组:(bargaining union) 劳资谈判:(collective barga ining)仲裁:(arbitration)罢工:(strike)内部职员关系:(internal e mployee relations)纪律:(discipline)纪律处分:(disciplinary act ion)申诉:(grievance)降职:(demotion)调动:(transfer)晋升:(promotion行政秘书：(executive secretary)工作投入度：Work d evotion degrees后备人员：Reserve p ersonnel业务人员：Business personnel。
公共场所英文标识
1、Business Hours 营业时间2、Office Hours 办公时间3、Entrance 入口4、Exit 出口5、Push 推6、Pull 拉7、Shut 此路不通8、On 打开 ( 放)9、Off 关10、Open 营业11、Pause 暂停12、Stop 关闭13、Closed 下班14、Menu 菜单15、Fragile 易碎16、This Side Up 此面向上17、Introductions 说明18、One Street 单行道19、Keep Right/Left 靠左/右20、Buses Only 只准公共汽车通过21、Wet Paint 油漆未干22、Danger 危险23、Lost and Found 失物招领处24、Give Way 快车先行25、Safety First 安全第一26、Filling Station 加油站27、No Smoking 禁止吸烟28、No Photos 请勿拍照29、No Visitors 游人止步30、No Entry 禁止入内31、No Admittance 闲人免进32、No Honking 禁止鸣喇叭33、Parting 停车处34、Toll Free 免费通行35、F.F. 快进36、Rew. 倒带37、EMS (邮政)特快专递38、Insert Here 此处插入39、Open Here 此处开启40、Split Here 此处撕开41、Mechanical Help 车辆修理42、“AA”Film 十四岁以下禁看电影43、Do Not Pass 禁止超车44、No U Turn 禁止掉头45、U Turn Ok 可以U形转弯46、No Cycling in the School校内禁止骑车47、SOS 紧急求救信号48、Hands Wanted 招聘49、Staff Only 本处职工专用50、No Litter 勿乱扔杂物51、Hands Off 请勿用手摸52、Keep Silence 保持安静53、On Sale 削价出售54、No Bills 不准张贴55、Not for Sale 恕不出售56、Pub 酒店57、Cafe 咖啡馆、小餐馆58、Bar 酒巴59、Laundry 洗衣店60、Travel Agency 旅行社61、In Shade 置于阴凉处62、Keep in Dark Place 避光保存63、Poison 有毒/毒品64、Guard against Damp 防潮65、Beware of Pickpocket 谨防扒手66、Complaint Box 意见箱67、For Use Only in Case of Fire 灭火专用68、Bakery 面包店69、Keep Dry 保持干燥70、Information 问讯处71、No Passing 禁止通行72、No Angling 不准垂钓73、Shooting Prohibited 禁止打猎74、Seat by Number 对号入座75、Protect Public Propety 爱护公共财物76、Ticket Office(or ：Booking Office)售票处77、Visitors Please Register 来宾登记-78、Wipe Your Shoes And Boots请擦去鞋上的泥土79、Men“s/Gentlemen/Gents Room 男厕所80、Women“s/Ladies/Ladies“ Room女厕所81、Occupied （厕所）有人82、Vacant （厕所）无人83、Commit No Nuisance 禁止小便84、Net(Weight) 净重85、MAN：25032002 生产日期：2002年3月25日86、EXP：25032002 失效期：2002年3月25日87、Admission Free免费入场88、Bike Park(ing) 自行车存车处89、Children and Women First 妇女、儿童优先90、Save Food 节约粮食91、Save Energy 节约能源92、Handle with Care 小心轻放93、Dogs Not Allowed 禁止携犬入内94、Keep Away From Fire 切勿近火95、Reduced Speed Now 减速行驶96、Road Up. Detour 马路施工，请绕行97、Keep Top Side Up 请勿倒立98、Take Care Not to Leave Things Behind 当心不要丢失东西99、Please Return the Back After Use 用毕放回架上100、Luggage Depository 行李存放处A .Admission by invitation only/ticket only凭邀请/票入内Admission/admittence ?Free(ALL ARE FREE)免费入场All Reserved全部预订完All Sold Out 全部售空C.Children And Woman Admitted 妇女、儿童入内Children Under Meter Admitted Free 1米以下儿童免费Closed/Open停止/正在营业Cameras Forbidden 禁止拍照Commit No Nuisance禁止小便D.Danger, Keep Out 危险,请勿入内E ?Entrance 入口Exit 出口Emergency Door安全门Engaged 有人占用G .Gentlemen /Ladies 男/女厕所(W.C./Restroom/Toilet)H.Hands Off 勿动手N.No Admission/Admitence Except On Business闲人免进No Admittence Without A Pass凭通行证入场No Bills (Circulars)不准张贴No Haners不得在此叫卖No Scribblings 请勿乱画乱图No Smoking/Spitting/Littering禁止吸烟/吐痰/乱扔O.Off Limits 禁止入内Out Of Bounds游客止步P.Pay Attention To Publec Hydgens注意公共卫生Pull Full Price For Anything Damages 损坏东西,照价赔偿Please Check And See If The Money Is Right, We Are Not Responsible After You Leave.钱款当面点清,过后概不负责Please Save The Bill For Three Days 请保留三天Please Show Your Id Card 请出示身份证Q.Queue Or Line Up For Tickets请排队买票S.See To Fire(Be Ware Of Fire/Furious Dogs/ Sticky Finger)小心着火Silence 肃静Sit By Number 对号入座Staff Or Members Only 员工专用T.Tickets Holders Only 凭票上车This Ticket Is Valid For Three Days.本票三天内有效This Ticket Good Only On The Day Issued 本票签发当日有效V.Vacant 无人占用Triffic SignsA.Authorized Cars Only 专用停车场B.Baggage Check-In /Claim行李托运处/领取处C.Customs海关检查处D.Domestic Arrivals (Departures)国内航班入/出港Detour Ahead前方有弯道Do Not Speak To The Driver While Bus Is In Motion 汽车行驶中,请勿与司机交谈G.Gravel Road沙石路段H.Hump/Dip 凹凸不平,减速行驶I.Interantional 国际航班K.Keep Left /Right请靠左右行L.Left Luggage Office 行李寄存处N.No Parking Day Or Night日夜禁止停车No Parking In Drive Way车辆出入,禁止停车No Parking 禁止停车No Tooting/ Honking /Horn严禁鸣笛No Overtaking On Bridge桥上行驶,勿超车No U TurnNo Right TurnNo Through Road 请绕行No Cycling Double不准骑车带人No Through Fare此路不通O.One Lane Bridge单行桥P.Pedenestrain Crossing Ahead前有人行道Please Pay Driver请向司机付费Please Pay Conductor 请向售票员付费Pull Signal Card Once When Approaching The Stop Required.快到车站时,请拉铃Pay The Corrict Fare, There Are Severe Penalties For Fare Evasion.请按要价付费,逃费者处以重罚Please State Your Destination When Paying Your FarePlease Vacate This Seat For A Disabled Person If Required.R.Riding On Platform, Prohibited严禁站台骑车S.Sharp Turn Ahead 前有急弯Security ?Check安全检查处Stop On Red Signal红灯亮请停止Steep Descent陡下坡Steep Climb(Rapid Ascent)陡上坡Safety Island(Traffic Island)安全岛Stand Clear Invalid Opening Door车门向内开,请勿靠近T.Transit Passenger中转旅客签证处V.Veniclar Entry车辆入口处Business Signs 店招A.Auto Services 汽车维修Any Damages Or Breakages Must Be Paid For 损坏东西,必须赔偿Acid With Care 酸性腐蚀品,请当心B.Bottle Shop/Bottle Service/Bottle Sales瓶装酒经销店Butcher/Butchery 肉店Barber(General)理发店Beauty Parlour 美容院Business Hours:/Office Hours营业时间Business As Usual 照常营业Business Suspended暂停营业Bottom This Side Up此端朝上C.Center Of Gravity/Point Of Strength 重心Clearance Price 清仓贱卖价Crazy Price 疯狂大减价Customers Please Refrain From Entering This Area顾客请止步Come On In 顾客请进Come On Up顾客请上楼Come On Down顾客请下楼Closed For Repairs 店内装修,暂停营业Closed For Holiday 假日休息,暂停营业Closed For Meeting 会务期间, 暂停营业Closed For Stock-Taking 今日盘点 ,暂停营业Corrosing 腐蚀品D.Dollar Bookshop一元书店Disposal Shop清仓处理店Duty Free Shop 免税商店Drumcity-Everything Musical鼓城乐器大全Dog Shop养狗用品商店Discount 折扣店Do Not Litter 请勿乱扔Do Not Dump Rubbish Here请勿在此倒垃圾Do Not Proceed Beyond Rail请勿翻越栏杆Do Not Drop 请勿摔打Do Not Stow On Deck 请勿在甲板上堆放Do Not Crush 禁止挤压E.Explosive 易爆品F.Funeral Directions 承办丧礼Funeral Parlour殡仪馆Furniture Center家具城Feel Free To Browse Around, You’Re Under No Obligation To BuyFire Can Be Dangerous, Please Don’T Drop Lighted Cigarettes And Matches Fragile 易碎品G.Government Cars For Sale 官车贱卖商行-Guard Against Fire/Damp/Cold/Heat警防烟火/受潮/受冻/受热H.Hair Salon 理发店Hairdressing Salon理发店(一般的)Hair Stylist发型设计Hours For Openning And Closong开放时间Hazardous Goods 危险品I.Instant Repair即时修理If It Breaks, We Consider It Sold To You 如人为损害,照价赔偿Issue Of Loan’S 借书处Inflammable 易燃品K.Keep Cool/ Dry 保持凉/干Keep Away 请勿靠近Keep Flat /Store Level 保持平整Keep In Hold仓如装运Keep On Deck 甲板装运Keep Upright竖直存放Keep Top Side Up 顶部朝上L.Liquor Shop 白酒商店Locksmith 锁店Look With Your Eyes, Please Don Not Touch请勿动手触摸Lift Here 此端起吊Liquid 液体M.Money Lender 钱庄Motor Funerals丧葬用车出租店N.No Rough Handling 禁止野蛮搬运Not For Sale 非卖品No Food Or Drinks To Be Brought In Shops 请不要把饮食带入商店No Running/RoughPlay/Swearing/Chewing Gum/GlassBottles/Dogs Or Alcohol,Allowed请不要跑/大闹/骂人/吃口香糖/No Entry By This Door 禁止从此门进入Next Teller Please 请到其它窗口办理O.Open 7 Days A WeekOpen This End 此端开启P.Preowned Car Broken 旧车转让中间商Peal Estate Agents 房地产代理行Pawn Broker典当行Please Keep This Site BeautifulPrivate Property, Keep Out. Trespassers Will Be Prosecuted;私人住宅,请勿入内, 闯入者,将法办Photography Inside Ols Government House Not 不准在古旧的政府大楼内拍照Please Put All Cards In Shut, Sit Down Until Called 请用病历排队Please Do Ot Throw Plastic And Paper, Rubbish Into This RiverPerishable 易变质品Q.Quality Body Beating车身精修R.Repair While U. Wait 即时修理,立等可取Return Of Loan’S 还书处S.Smash Prepaires 汽车大修Sale Price 贱卖价Special Buy 特价商品Same Day Service 当日维修Self-Service 自助服务Stow Away From Care 避免受热T.Toy Fisheries 渔具店Terrific Value 超值商品Thank You For Your Custom 感谢惠顾Take Your Litter With You, Pollution Is A Menace To Us AllThis Area Is Open For Inspection Only 此区在检查时开放The Sales Section Stops Here; Admittance To This Area Is Prohibited 非营业区,禁止入内Top Stand On End 此端朝上The Manegement Reserves Right To Refuse Entry管理人员有权谢绝入内U.Used Car Dealer 旧车商行Unattended Children Not Allowed In Shop 无人照顾儿童,谢绝入商场Use No Hooks 禁止钩吊W.Watchmaker:Quality Repair钟表精修。