上海中医药大学中医基础理论2019年考博真题试卷
上海中医药大学-19级中医学专业-中医学基础题库
上海中医药大学-19级中医学专业-中医学基础题库1. “寒极生热，热极生寒”属于阴阳的 [单选题] *相互对立相互消长相互依存相互转化(正确答案)相互平衡2. “后天之本，气血生化之源”是 [单选题] *心肝脾(正确答案)肺肾3. “实”的主要含义是指 [单选题] *体质壮实正气旺盛阳邪中人邪气盛实(正确答案)正气不足4. “同病异治，异病同治”的根本依据在于 [单选题] *辨证论治(正确答案)对症治疗辨病治疗因人而异因病而异5. “喜”这种情志活动归属于五行中的 [单选题] *木火(正确答案)土金水6. 疾病初期，恶寒发热并见多见于 [单选题] *外感表证(正确答案)疟疾阴虚证半表半里寒湿证7. 下列疾病哪项与情志关系最为密切 [单选题] *肝病(正确答案)肾病感冒疟疾矽肺8. 下列选项不属于但热不寒的是 [单选题] *潮热微热寒热往来(正确答案)壮热不规则热9. 病人自觉怕冷，但加衣被或近火取暖，其寒缓解者，称为 [单选题] *恶寒寒战恶风畏寒(正确答案)寒厥10. 不符合五行相生规律的是 [单选题] *木生火水生土(正确答案)金生水土生金火生土11. 寸口与脏腑相应，右寸候 [单选题] *心肝脾肺(正确答案)肾12. 得神的表现是 [单选题] *两目晦滞，目光乏神面色少华，暗淡不荣两目晦暗，目无光形面色荣润，含蓄不露(正确答案)面色苍白，目光呆滞13. 巅顶头痛属于 [单选题] *太阳经厥阴经(正确答案)阳明经少阴经少阳经14. 恶寒发热交替出现是什么证 [单选题] *表证里证半表半里证(正确答案)热证寒证15. 恶寒发热同时出现是什么证 [单选题] *表证(正确答案)里证半表半里证热证寒证16. 恶心呕吐呃逆嗳气属于 [单选题] *肝气上逆胃气上逆(正确答案)肝脾不调肝胃不和17. 风寒表证的特征是 [单选题] *恶寒重发热轻(正确答案)恶寒轻发热轻发热重恶寒轻发热重恶寒重发热轻而恶风自汗18. 风热表证的特征是 [单选题] *恶寒重发热轻恶寒轻发热轻发热重恶寒轻(正确答案)发热重恶寒重发热轻而恶风自汗19. 风邪的致病特点是 [单选题] *易伤阳气易耗伤津液易致肿疡善行而数变(正确答案)易伤肺20. 肝与肾的关系主要体现在 [单选题] *水与血精与血(正确答案)目与耳气与血21. 寒邪的致病特点是 [单选题] *其性重浊易耗伤津液易致肿疡其性凝滞(正确答案)易伤肺22. 机体水液代谢过程中起最主要作用的脏腑是 [单选题] *肺、肾、脾及膀胱、三焦(正确答案)脾、肝、肾及三焦肾、脾、肺及胆肺、脾、肝、肾脾、胃、膀胱、肾23. 健康人体的阴阳关系可以概括为 [单选题] *阴阳相互制约阴阳互根阴阳相互转化阴平阳秘(正确答案)阴阳消长24. 结脉与促脉的区别在于 [单选题] *脉律力度脉率(正确答案)脉位25. 具有化生和贮藏精气功能的是 [单选题] *六腑五脏(正确答案)脏腑奇恒之腑经络26. 可用阴阳对立制约解释的是 [单选题] *寒者热之(正确答案)阴损及阳寒极生热重阴必阳阴中求阳27. 流利圆滑，如盘滚珠，见于 [单选题] *数脉洪脉滑脉(正确答案)弦脉沉脉28. 六腑包括 [单选题] *胃小肠大肠以上都是(正确答案)29. 六淫的概念是 [单选题] *风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火在正常情况下的总称内风、内寒、内暑、内湿、内燥、内火风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火六种外感病邪的统称(正确答案)外风、内寒、内暑、内湿、内燥、内火内风、内寒、内暑、内湿、内燥、外火30. 六淫致病中，其性黏滞的病邪是 [单选题] *湿邪(正确答案)风邪寒邪火邪暑邪31. 六淫致病中，易致肿疡的病邪是 [单选题] *湿邪风邪寒邪火邪(正确答案)暑邪32. 六淫致病中，最易挟湿的病邪是 [单选题] *风邪寒邪火邪暑邪(正确答案)33. 脉体宽大，充实有力，来盛去衰，此脉象为 [单选题] *浮脉沉脉洪脉(正确答案)滑脉涩脉34. 面部望诊，“五色主病”是主要观察方法，五色是指： [单选题] *赤、青、黄、白、黑(正确答案)赤、紫、黄、灰、青赤、黄、灰、白、黑赤、紫、黄、白、黑赤、紫、黄、白、青35. 某患者精神萎靡、面色晦暗无华、目无光彩、眼球呆滞属于（） [单选题] *少神失神(正确答案)假神神乱得神36. 某女，8岁持续高热，面红，咳喘，烦渴，脉数有力天，突然出现面色苍白、四肢厥冷、精神萎靡、脉微欲绝等表现，此病证变化体现的是 [单选题] *阴阳对立阴阳交感阴阳消长阴阳转化(正确答案)阴阳自和37. 能调节汗孔开合，控制体温的是 [单选题] *水谷精气营气卫气(正确答案)元气宗气38. 能反映疾病在某一阶段病理变化本质的是 [单选题] *证(正确答案)症病征脉39. 脾胃气虚，气血不足的病人，面色常表现 [单选题] *青色赤色白色萎黄(正确答案)40. 脾主运化是指 [单选题] *运化水液运化水谷运化气血运化水谷和水液(正确答案)运化水谷和血液41. 气滞所致疼痛的特点是 [单选题] *刺痛胀痛(正确答案)闷痛隐痛冷痛42. 前额头痛，病属 [单选题] *阳明经(正确答案)少阳经厥阴经太阳经少阴经43. 热证常出现什么面色 [单选题] *青色赤色(正确答案)白色黑色44. 人的生命活动原动力是指 [单选题] *水谷精气营气卫气元气(正确答案)宗气45. 人体是一个有机的整体，其中是 [单选题] *以五脏为中心(正确答案)以六腑为中心以五官为中心以五体为中心以经络为中心46. 舌绛少苔，或有裂纹，多主 [单选题] *阳虚水湿内停阴虚火旺(正确答案)阴寒内盛湿热证血虚证47. 舌质红，舌苔黄腻，多见于 [单选题] *里热炽盛湿热内蕴(正确答案)阴虚火旺寒湿阻滞实热证48. 肾虚常出现什么面色 [单选题] *青色赤色白色黄色黑色(正确答案)49. 湿邪最易困 [单选题] *心肝脾(正确答案)肺肾50. 受纳和腐熟水谷的脏腑是 [单选题] *大肠胃(正确答案)小肠膀胱胆51. 属于五行之“水”的是 [单选题] *恐(正确答案)肉皮怒52. 属于阴阳特点的是 [单选题] *绝对性可分性(正确答案)依存性有限性明确性53. 提示病邪由表入里的舌苔变化 [单选题] *苔由白变黄苔由薄变厚(正确答案)苔由润变干苔由厚变薄苔由黄变白54. 脏腑之中，既属于六腑，又属于奇恒之腑的是（） [单选题] *心三焦胃胆(正确答案)小肠55. 五色中属水的是 [单选题] *黄白黑(正确答案)赤56. 五行学说中“土”的特性是 [单选题] *炎上稼穑(正确答案)润下从革曲直57. 五脏不包括 [单选题] *心脾胃(正确答案)肺肾58. 五脏之中，属于阳中之阴的是 [单选题] *肝心脾肺(正确答案)肾59. 下列何证见面色通红？ [单选题] *实热证(正确答案)阳虚证戴阳证脾胃气虚阴虚证60. 下列哪部著作的成书标志着中医学理论体系的形成: [单选题] *《伤寒杂病论》《黄帝内经》(正确答案)《千金要方》《本草纲目》《诸病源候论》61. 下列哪项不是病因 [单选题] *六淫痰饮瘀血七情内伤咳嗽(正确答案)62. 下列哪项不是淡白舌的主病 [单选题] *血虚阳虚气血两虚阴虚(正确答案)寒证63. 下列哪项不是肺的功能 [单选题] *主纳气(正确答案)主宣发主肃降朝百脉64. 下列哪项不属于正常舌象 [单选题] *舌体柔软舌体活动自如舌质淡嫩少苔(正确答案)舌质淡红舌苔薄白65. 下列哪项属“假神”的表现 [单选题] *语无伦次面色潮红反应迟钝突然能食(正确答案)表情淡漠66. 下列舌与脏腑描述正确的是 [单选题] *舌尖主心肺(正确答案)舌尖主肝胆舌中主肾舌根主脾胃舌中主肺67. 下列属于病的有 [单选题] *气短痢疾(正确答案)恶心口干68. 下列属于症的有 [单选题] *消渴感冒痢疾肝阳上亢发热(正确答案)69. 下列说法错误的是 [单选题] *悲则气消怒则气上惊则气乱恐则气脱(正确答案)思则气结70. 下列著名医家中被后人称为“寒凉派”的代表是: [单选题] *朱丹溪李东垣张从正张仲景刘完素(正确答案)71. 心开窍于 [单选题] *舌(正确答案)口鼻耳72. 心主神志指的是 [单选题] *人体生命活动的外在表现人的眼神人的精神意识、思维活动(正确答案)人的精神及眼神人的生命活动和情志活动73. 一昼夜中属于阴中之阳的时间是 [单选题] *上午下午中午前半夜后半夜(正确答案)74. 以下哪一项不是津液的范畴 [单选题] *泪液胃液痰液(正确答案)涕液唾液75. 以下属于病理产物形成的病因是 [单选题] *六淫七情痰饮(正确答案)劳逸76. 易袭阳位，具有升发轻扬特性的邪气是 [单选题] *暑邪燥邪风邪(正确答案)火邪寒邪77. 阴阳的互根互用是指 [单选题] *阴阳之间相互感应事物运动变化的形式相互对立又相互关联的事物属性阴和阳是对立统一的，两者既相互对立，又相互依存(正确答案)事物的阴阳属性在一定条件下，可以各自向其相反的方向转化78. 阴阳属性的划分中，属阴的是 [单选题] *兴奋的外在的下降的(正确答案)运动的明亮的79. 阴阳学说认为，疾病发生发展的根本原因是 [单选题] *阴阳偏衰阴阳互损阴阳失调(正确答案)阴阳消长80. 阴阳转化是 [单选题] *绝对的必然的无条件的有条件的(正确答案)随意的81. 用阴阳学说说明人体的组织结构，不属于阳的是 [单选题] *头面部腰背部腹部(正确答案)体表气82. 用阴阳学说说明人体的组织结构，不属于阴的是 [单选题] *五脏腹部六腑(正确答案)体内血83. 右手寸口寸关尺三部一般侯 [单选题] *肺脾命门(正确答案)心肺肾心脾肾肺脾肝84. 瘀血所致疼痛的特点是 [单选题] *刺痛(正确答案)胀痛闷痛隐痛冷痛85. 与血液运行关系最为密切的脏腑是 [单选题] *心(正确答案)肝脾肺肾86. 在五色望诊中，赤色主证为 [单选题] *主湿证主热证(正确答案)主虚证主寒证主痛证87. 在五行生克关系中，错误的是 [单选题] *金克木木克土金生水水克木(正确答案)88. 燥邪最易伤 [单选题] *心肝脾肺(正确答案)肾89. 整体观念不包括 [单选题] *人体是一个有机整体人与上帝(正确答案)人与自然的统一性人体与社会环境的统一性人与地理环境90. 正常人舌苔 [单选题] *淡白舌，薄白苔淡红舌，薄白苔(正确答案)淡白舌，薄黄苔淡红舌，薄黄苔淡白舌，薄黄苔91. 致病后可出现各种秽浊症状的邪气是 [单选题] *寒邪火（热）邪湿邪(正确答案)燥邪92. 中医认为口 [单选题] *肺之窍肝之窍肾之窍脾之窍(正确答案)心之窍93. 中医学的基本特点是 [单选题] *整体观念和阴阳五行四诊八纲和辩证论治同病异治和异病同治整体观念和辨证论治(正确答案)辨证论治和阴阳五行94. 中医学第一部病因病机证候学专书是: [单选题] *《伤寒杂病论》《黄帝内经》《千金要方》《本草纲目》《诸病源候论》(正确答案)95. 中医学中成功地运用辨证论治的第一部专书是: [单选题] *《伤寒杂病论》(正确答案)《黄帝内经》《千金要方》《本草纲目》《诸病源候论》96. 主藏精，主水液，主纳气的脏腑是 [单选题] *心肝脾肺肾(正确答案)97. 主气，司呼吸；主宣发肃降，通调水道的脏腑是 [单选题] *心肝脾肺(正确答案)肾98. 主疏泄，主藏血的脏腑是 [单选题] *心肝(正确答案)脾肺肾99. 主血脉，主神志的脏腑是 [单选题] *心(正确答案)肝脾肺肾100. 主运化，主统血的脏腑是 [单选题] *心肝脾(正确答案)肺肾101. 自汗出血遗尿等症是气的哪一个功能失常 [单选题] *推动固摄(正确答案)温煦气化防御102. 自汗的病机是 [单选题] *气虚(正确答案)阴虚血虚痰盛气滞103. 左手寸口寸关尺三部一般侯 [单选题] *心肝肾(正确答案)肺脾命门心肺肾心脾肾肺脾肝。
上海中医药大学中医内科学2019年考博真题试卷
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上海中医药大学
2019年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：中医内科学
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释，共10分
1.证，症，病的概念
2.异法方宜
3.呷嗽
4.气利
5.脑风
二、类证鉴别，共20分
1.癃与闭
2.中脏腑与中经络
病案分析
3.战汗与脱汗
4.泻安表里与开通里表
5.噎膈
三、简答题，共20分
1.如何理解水肿治疗的“开鬼门”“洁净府”“去莞陈侳”
2.痹症的证治要点
四、论述题，共30分
1.历代医家对于眩晕的病名，病因病机，证治的主要论述
2.心悸日久会产生哪些变证，ຫໍສະໝຸດ 理如何五、病案分析，共20分
陈某，男性，46岁，胃脘胀痛，每与情绪不稳而加重，大便欠畅，脉弦苔薄白
近5年 中医基础理论考博真题
2016—2020年中医基础理论考博真题上海中医药大学中医基础理论2019年考博真题试卷名词解释(5题，每题4分，共20分)1.土爱稼穑2，阴病治阳3.审证求因4.湿性黏滞5.塞因塞用论述题(5题，每题8分，共40 分)1.营气与卫气有何异同，营卫失和的临床表现2.水湿痰饮的区别与联系3.何为十二经脉的表里关系?其特点与其意义如何?4.外燥与内燥的异同5.脾与精，气，血，津液的生理联系湖南中医药大学2018年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试考试科目:中医基础理论注意:所有答案-律写在答题纸上。
写在试题纸上或其他地方--律不给分。
、名词解释1.肝主疏泄2.肺主治节3.循经取穴4. 内生五邪5.塞因塞用6.阴病治阳7.精血同源8. 心肾不交二、简答题1. 脾胃的关系。
2. 饮的分类。
3. 药邪的形成及致病特点。
4.风邪致病的特点。
5.心主神明与脑主神明的认识。
6. 三焦的认识。
7.脏腑之别。
山东中医药大学中医基础理论2018年考博真题考试科目:中医基础理论注意:所有答案-律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一-律不给分。
论述题: .1.试述心与肾的关系。
2.《内经》中津液的产生与输布。
3.如何理解冲为血海。
4.火热内生的临床表现及致病因素。
5.体质的概念及形成因素。
6.如何理解大实有赢状，至虚有盛候。
7.试述”阴病治阳，阳病治阴”与”阴中求阳，阳中求阴”有何异同?8.试述湿邪致病特点，及与外湿有何异同?9.谈谈对益火补土法的认识及临床中的应用。
山东中医药大学中医基础理论考博真题1.风邪性质和致病特征，为什么说风为百病之长?2.从病机转化角度说明寒证转化为热证的转变形式?3.虚实的病机机制?2018年山东中医药大学博士考试中医基础理论试题1.试述心与肾的关系。
2.《内经》中津液的产生与输布。
3.如何理解冲为血海。
4.火热内生的临床表现及致病因素。
5.体质的概念及形成因素。
6.如何理解大实有羸状，至虚有盛候。
中医药大学博士历年真题整理中医基础理论
中医基础理论2005年1请结合阴阳学说得观点,谈一下您对唐王冰注解《素问。
至真要大论》时所提出得“壮水之主,以制阳光;益火之源,以消阴翳”得认识。
2请简述气得主要来源。
3《素问逆调论》“肾者水脏,主津液”,请谈谈您得认识、4请用简单得表格,说明十二经脉得名称、分类、简要循行部位。
5请简述疠气形成与疫病流行得原因。
6何谓五行得相生与相克？五行得生克制化对事物有何作用？７试述肝脾在生理病理上得相互关系及其临床指导意义？８何谓“辨证求因”?辨证求因在临床上有何重要指导意义？９试述整体观念在医学模式转变中得作用?10中医体质学说在临床辨证治疗方面有哪些应用？200６年１《黄帝内经》与《伤寒杂病论》对中医基础理论得形成有何贡献？2何谓七情?简述七情致病得特点就是什么？3试述十二经脉得走向交接规律与在四肢得分布规律、4试分析脑在中医脏腑学说中得地位及其意义、５试述内生“五邪”学说得主要内容。
6《素问六元正纪大论》指出:“用寒远寒,用凉远凉,用温远温,用热远热,食宜同法”。
请据此简述您对三因制宜基本治则得认识。
7《素问生气通天论》:“阴者,藏精而起亟也;阳者,卫外而为固也”。
请阐释其含义,并说明其临床指导意义、8《难经七十七难》曰“见肝之病,则知肝传脾,故先实其脾气、”请结合五行学说,谈谈您得认识、９请简述气得生成与脏腑得关系。
1０请谈谈您对肾藏精得认识。
2007年1试述阴阳自与得含义及其意义。
2“肺与秋气相通应”有何临床意义。
３请阐述痰饮致病得特点。
4试从整体观念得角度论述中医学得形神统一观。
5如何应用中医体质学说指导临床辨证治疗。
６在中医脏腑学说中,“脑”得地位及其意义就是什么？７试述标本得内涵及治标与治本得缓急取舍？举例说明。
8张介宾说:“以精气分阴阳则阴阳不可离,以寒热分阴阳则阴阳不可混。
”能用精气分阴阳来解释实寒、实热、虚寒、虚热等寒热性病证不？解释这些寒热性病证得“阴阳”所指各就是什么？简述之。
9试述肾精、肾气、肾阴、肾阳得概念及其之间得逻辑关系。
医学考博2019真题
Listening ：无Vocabulary ：Section A31. According to the Geneva ______no prisoners of war shall be subject to abuse.A. CustomsB. CongressesC. ConventionsD. Routines 32. Environmental officials insist that something be done to ______acid rain.A. curbB. sueC. detoxifyD. condemn33. It is impossible to say how it will take place, because it will happen______, and itwill not be a long process.A. spontaneouslyB. simultaneouslyC. principallyD. approximately34. Diabetes is one of the most______ and potentially dangerous disease in the world.A. crucialB. virulentC. colossalD. prevalent35. Rheumatologist advises that those with ongoing aches and pains first seek medicalhelp to ______the problem.A. affiliateB. alleviateC. aggravateD. accelerate36. How is it possible that such______ deception has come to take place right underour noses?A. obviousB. significantC. necessaryD. widespread37. Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from______on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.A. configurationB. constitutionC. condemnationD. contamination38. Chronic high-dose intake of vitamin A has been shown to have ______effects onbones.A. adverseB. prevalentC. instantD. purposeful39. Generally, vaccine makers _____ the virus in fertilized chicken eggs in a processthat can take four to six months.A. penetrateB. designateC. generateD. exaggerate40. We are much quicker to respond, and we respond far too quickly by giving ______to our anger.A. ventB. impulseC. temperD. offenceSection B41. The patient's condition has worsened since last night.A. improvedB. returnedC. deterioratedD. changed42. Beijing Television-Station Transmitting Tower really looks magnificent at nightwhen it ’s lit up.A. decoratedB. illustratedC. illuminatedD. entertained43. Attempts to restrict parking in the city centre have further aggravated the problemof traffic congestion.A. amelioratedB. aggregatedC. deterioratedD. duplicated44. The applications of genetic engineering are abundant and choosing oneappropriate for this case can be rather difficult.A. sufficientB. plentifulC. adequateD. countable45. The defect occurs in the first eight weeks of pregnancy, though no one understandswhy.A. deficitB. deviationC. draw backD. discrepancy46. He has been on hormone alternate therapy for four years and looks fantastic.A. successorB. replacementC. surrogateD. choice47. It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number ofindustrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices,and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings.A. ancientB. carefullyC. very largeD. carefully protected48. When patients spend extended periods in hospital, they tend to become overlydependent and lose interest in taking care of themselves.A. extremelyB. exclusivelyC. exactlyD. explicitly49. The anxious parent was vigilant over the injured child in spite of a full array ofemergency room of doctors and nurses.A. preoccupiedB. unwaryC. watchfulD. dozing50. The doctor vacillated so frequently on disease-preventiontechniques that hiscolleagues accused him of inconsistency.A. waveredB. instigatedC. experimentedD. reliedClozeWe spend a lot of time looking at the eyes of others for social 51 —it helpsus understand a person ’emotions, and make decisions about how to respond to them. We also know that adults avoid eye contact when anxious. But researchers have knownfar 52 about eye gazing patterns in children.According to new research by Kalina Michalska, assistant professor of psychologyat the University of California, Riverside, we now, know that anxious children tend toavoid making eye contact, and this has consequences for how they experience fear. The53 and less frequently they look at the eyes of others, the more likely they are to beafraid of them, even when there may be no reason to be. Her study, “Anxiety Sympand Children's Eye Gaze During Fear Leaming”w,as published in the journal TheJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry."Looking at someone ’s eyes helps us understand whether a person is feeling sad, angry, fearful, or surprised. As adults, we then make decisions about how to respondand what to do next. But, we know much less about eye patterns in children —so,understanding those patterns can help us learn more about the development of sociallearning, ”Michalska said.Michalska and the team of researchersshowed 82 children, 9 to 13 years old,images of two women ’s faces on a computer screen. The computer was equipped withan eye tracking device that allowed them to measure54 on the screen children werelooking, and for how long. The participants were originally shown each of the twowomen a total of four times. Next, one of the images was55 with a loud scream anda fearful expression, and the other one was not. At the end, children saw both facesagain without any sound or scream.The following three conclusions can be drawn from the study:1. All children spent more time looking at the eyes of a face that was paired withthe loud scream t han the face that was not paired with the scream, 56 they payattention to potential threats even in the absence of outward cues.2. Children who were more anxious avoided eye contact during all three phases of the experiment, for both kinds of faces. This had consequences for how afraid they wereof the faces.3. The more children avoided eye conta；cthe more afraid they were 57 the faces.The conclusions suggest that children spend more time looking at the eyes of aface when previously paired with something frightening suggesting they pay moreattention to potentially threatening information as a way to learn more about thesituation and plan what to do next.However, anxious children tend to avoid making eye contact, which leads togreater 58 experience. Even though avoiding eye contact may reduce anxiety59 , the study finds that — over time — children may be m i s s6i n0g_ o i m u p t ortantsocial information. This includes that a person may no longer be threatening or scary,and yet the child continues feeling fearful of that person.51. A. environment B. cues C. relations D. answers52. A. less B. more C. enough D. beyond53. A. longer B. more anxious C. shorter D. more54. A. where B. when C. how D. what55. A. followed B. recorded C. paired D. marked56. A. suggest B. suggesting C. suggests D. being suggested57. A. to B. of C.at D. about58. A. fear B. surprise C. sad D. angry59. A. in the long run B. for a long timeC. in the short timeD. in a long time60. A. with B. without C. of D. onReading ComprehensionPassage OneThe British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parentsduring the sensitive “attachment p”e riod from birth to three may scar a child ’s personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life.Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby' s work that children shouldnot be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separationit entails, and many people do believe this. It has been argued that an infant under threewho is cared for outside the home may suffer because of the separation from his parents. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.But traditional societies are so different from modem societies that comparisonsbased on just one factor are hard to interpret. Firstly, anthropologists point out that theinsulated love affair between children and parents found in modem societies does notusually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as theNgoni, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone —far from i Certainty, Bowlby ’s analysis raises the possibilities that early day care had delayedeffects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime15 or 20 years later can only explored by the use of statistics. However, statisticalstudies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the resultswould certainly be complicated and controversial. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, care-takers found children hadproblems with it. Thirdly, in the last decade, t here have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children ’s development.Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effectsdifficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parentsand show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children findthe transition to nursery eas，yand this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experienceand available evidence indicate early care is reasonable for infants.61. According to the passage, the consequence of parental separation________.A. still needs more statistical studiesB. has been found negative is more seriousC. is obviousD. in modem times62. The author thinks that John Bowlby ’s concern___________.A. is relevant and justifiableB. is too strong to RelieveC. is utterly groundlessD. has something that deserve our attention63. What ’s the result of American studies of children in day care in the last decade?A. The children ’s unhappiness and protest was due to the day care the children received.B. The bad effects of parental separation were hard to deal with.C. The effect of day care was not necessarily negative on children ’s development.D. Early care was reasonable for babies since it ’p sracti c ed by so many peoplenowadays.64. According to the passage, which of the following is probably a reason forparents to send their children under three to day care?A. They don ’t know about day care ’s negative effect.B. They are too busy to care fortheir children.C. They want their children to be independent as early as possible.D. They want to facilitate their children to adapt to nursery at the age of about three.65. What ’s the author ’s attitude to people who have drawn the conclusion fromBowlby’s work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age ofthree?A. He supports most of their belief because Bowlby's proposition is well-grounded.B. He is sympathetic for them, for he thinks they have been misled by Bowlby.C. He doesn't totally agree with them, since the long-term effect of day care still needsfurther study.D. He doesn't quite understand them, as they are contradictory in themselves.Passage TwoBy the end of this century, the average world temperature is expected to increasebetween one and four degrees, with widespread effects on rainfall, sea levels and animalhabitats. But in the Arctic, where the effects of climate change are most intense, the risein temperature could be twice as much.Understanding how Arctic warming will affect the people, animals, plant andmarine life and economic activity in Canada’N sort h are important to the country's future, says Kent Moore, an atmospheric physicist at University of Toronto Mississaugawho is participating in a long-term, international study of the marine ecosystem alongthe Beaufort Sea, from Alaska to the Mackenzie delta.The study will add to our knowledge of everything from the extent of sea ice inthe region to how fish stocks will change to which areas could become targets for oiland gas exploration to the impact on the indigenous people who call this part of thecountry home.Moore, who has worked in the Arctic for more than 20 years, says his research hasalready found that thinning sea ice and changes in wind patterns are causing animportant change in the marine food chain: phytoplankton（淳游植物） is blooming two to three weeks earlier. Manyanimals time their annual migration to the Arctic forwhen food is plentiful, and have not adapted to the earlier bloom. " ' Animals' behaviorcan evolve over a long time, but these climate changes are happening in the space of adecade, r ather than hundreds of years, ”says Moore, " Animals can't change theirbehavior that quickly. ”A warmer Arctic is expected to have important effects on human activity in theregion, as the Northwest Passage becomes navigable during the summer, and resourceextraction becomes more feasible. Information gained from the study will helpgovernment, industry and communities make decisions about resource management,economic development and environmental protection.Moore says the study — which involves Canadian, American and Europeanresearchersand government agencies will also use a novel technology to gatheratmospheric data: remotely piloted drones. "The drones have the capability of a largeresearch aircraft，and they ’re easier to deploy, ” he says, showing the researchers to gather information on a more regular basis than they would be able to with pilotedaircraft.66. By the end of this century, according to the author, global warming will ______.A. start to bring about extreme weather events to humans and animalsB. increase the average world temperature by four degreesC. cause more damages to the whole world than expectedD. affect the Arctic more than any other parts of the earth67. To help understand the destructive mechanism of Arctic warming, as indicatedby the passage, the international study ______.A. is conducted with every single discipline of University of TorontoB. pioneers in pursuing the widespread effects of climate changeC. involves so many countries for different investigationsD. is intended to deal with various aspects in research68. When he ways, “Animals can ’t change their behavior that quickly, ”what doesMoore mean by that quickly?A. The migration of the animals to the Arctic.B. The widespread effects of global warming.C. The rate of the climate change in the Arctic.D. The phytoplankton within the marine ecosystem.69. According to the author, to carry out proper human activities in theArctic______.A. becomes more difficult than ever beforeB. is likely to build a novel economy in the regionC. will surely lower the average world temperatureD. needs the research-based supporting information70. With the drones deployed, as Moore predicts, the researchers will _______.A. involve more collaborating countries than they do nowB. get more data to be required for their researchC. use more novel technologies in researchD. conduct their research at a regular basisPassage ThreeHaving too much caffeine during pregnancy may impair baby ’s liver development and increase the risk of liver disease in adulthood, according to a study published in theJournal of Endocrinology. Pregnant rats given caffeine had offspring with lower birth weights, altered growth and stress hormonelevels and impaired liver development. Thestudy findings indicate that consumption of caffeine equivalent to 2-3 cups of coffee may alter stress and growth hormone levels in a manner that can impair growth and development, and increase the risk of liver disease in adulthood.Previous studies have indicated that prenatal caffeine intake of 300 mg/day ormore in women, which is approximately 2 to 3 cups coffee per day, can result in lower birth weights of their children. Animalstudies have further suggestedthat prenatalcaffeine consumption may have more detrimental long-term effects on liverdevelopment with an increased susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, adebilitating condition normally associated w ith obesity and diabetes. However, theunderlying link between prenatal caffeine exposure and impaired liver developmentremains poorly understood. A better understanding of how caffeine mediates theseeffects could help prevent these health issues in people in the future.In this study, Prof Hui Wang and colleagues at Wuhan University in China,investigated the effects of low (equivalent to 2-3 cups of coffee) and high dose(equivalent of 6-9 cups of coffee) caffeine, given to pregnant rats, on liver function andhormone levels of their offspring. Offspring exposed to prenatal caffeine had lower levels of the liver hormone, insulin likegrowth factor (IGF-1), and higher levels of thestress hormone, corticosteroid at birth. However, liver development after birth showed a compensatory 'catch up' phase, characterised by increased levels of IGF-1, which is important for growth.Dr. Yinxian Wen, study co-author, says, “Our results indicate that prenatal caffeine causes an excess of stress hormone activity in the mother, which inhibits IGF-1 activityfor liver development before birth. However, compensatory mechanisms do occur after birth to accelerate growth and restore normalliver function, as IGF-1 activity increasesand stress hormone signalling decreases. The increased risk of fatty liver disease causedby prenatal caffeine exposure is most likely a consequence of this enhanced,compensatory postnatal IGF-1 activity. ”These findings not only confirm that prenatal caffeine exposure leads to lowerbirth weight and impaired liver development before birth but also expand our currentunderstanding of the hormonal changes underlying these changes and suggest thepotential mechanism for increased risk of liver disease in the future. However, theseanimal findings need to be confirmed in humans.Dr. Wen comments, "Our work suggeststhat prenatal caffeine is not good for babies and although these findingsstill need to be confirmed in people, I wouldrecommend that women avoid caffeine during pregnancy."71. Which of the following is NOT the problem of baby rats of pregnant rats givencaffeine?A. Lower birth weight.B. Smaller stress.C. Liver development problem.D. Growth problem.72. If a pregnant woman takes 3 cups of coffee, what will probably happen?A. Her weight will get lower and lower.B. The weight of her baby will get lower and lower.C. She will suffer from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a long run.D. Her baby will be more vulnerable to obesity and diabetes because of liver problem.73. Which of following is not correct according to the passage?A. A better understanding of the relationship between caffeine and effects has beenachieved.B. 4-5 cups of coffee could be categorized as medium-dose intake.C. Liver development problem may be remedied after birth by increased growth factor.D. The study is mainly conducted on the rats instead of human.74. What is the relationship between stress hormone and liver development whentaking in prenatal caffeine?A. Lower stress hormone, lower birth weight before birth.B. Higher stress hormone, lower growth hormone before birth.C. Higher stress hormone, more accelerated growth of weight after birth.D. Lower stress hormone, less accelerated growth of liver after birth.75. What can be the best summary of the last paragraph?A. The research hasn ’t been done on humans so pregnant women can ignore the results.B. The compensatory mechanism for liver growth makes prenatal caffeine intake safe.C. Experts suggest pregnant women should still avoid caffeine.D. We have known enough about the hormone changes underlying the healthPassage FourThe bizarre antics of sleepwalkers have puzzled police, perplexed scientists, and fascinated writers for centuries. There is an endless supply of stories about sleepwalkers.Persons have been said to climb on steep roofs, solve mathematical problems, composemusic, walk through plate-glass windows, and commit murder in their sleepHow many of these stories have a basis in fact, and how many are pure fakery?No one knows, but if some of the most sensational stories should be taken with a barrelof salt, others are a matter of record.In Revere, Massachusetts, a hundred policemen combed a waterfrontneighborhood for a lost boy who left his home in his sleep and woke up five hours lateron a strange sofa in a strange living room, with no idea how he had got there.There is an early medical record of a somnambulist who wrote a novel in his sleep.And the great French writer V oltaire knew a sleepwalker who once got out of bed,dressed himself, made a polite bow, danced a minuet, and then undressed and went backto bed.At the University of Iowa, a student was reported to have the habit of getting upin the middle of the night and walking three-quarters of a mile to the Iowa River. He would take a swim and then go back tohis room to bed.The world's champion sleepwalker was supposed to have been an Indian, PanditRamrakha, who walked sixteen miles along a dangerous road without realizing that hehad left his bed. Second in line for the title is probably either a Vienna housewife or a British farmer. The woman did all her shopping on busy streets in her sleep. The farmer,in his sleep, visited a veterinarian miles away.The leading expert on sleep in America claims that he has never seen a sleepwalker.He is Dr. Nathaniel Kleitman, a physiologist at the University of Chicago. He is said toknow more about sleep than any other living man, and during the last thirty-five yearshad lost a lot of sleep watching people sleep. Says he, "Of course, I know that there are sleepwalkers becauseI have read about them in the newspapers. B ut none of mysleepers ever walked, and if I were to advertise for sleepwalkers for an experiment, Idoubt that I'd get many takers."Sleepwalking, nevertheless, is a scientific reality. Like hypnosis, it is one of thosedramatic, eerie, awe-inspiring phenomena that sometimes border on the fantastic. Itlends itself to controversy and misconceptions, what is certain about sleepwalking isthat it is a symptom of emotional disturbance, and that the only way to cure it is to remove the worries and anxieties that cause it. Doctors say that somnambulism is muchmore common than is generally supposed.Some have estimated that there are fourmillion somnambulists in the United States. Others set the figure even higher. Manysleepwalkers do not seek help and so are never put on record, which means that anaccurate count can never be made.The simplest explanation of sleepwalking is that it is the acting out of a vividdream. The dream usually comes from guilt, worry, nervousness, o r some otheremotional conflict. The classic sleepwalker is Shakespeare ’L asdy Macbeth. Hernightly wanderings were caused by her guilty conscience at having committed murder. Shakespeare said of her, “The eyes are open but their sense is shut. ”The age-old question is: Is the sleepwalker actually awake or asleep. Scientists have decided that he is about half-and-half. Like Lady Macbeth, he has weightyproblems on his mind. Dr. Zeida Teplitz, who made a ten-year study of the subject, says, “Some people stay awake all night worrying about t heir problems. The sleepwalker thrashes them out in his sleep. He is awake in the muscular area, partially asleep in the sensory area." In other words, a person can walk in his sleep, move around, and do other things, but he does not think about what he is doing.76. The second sentence in the second paragraph means that_________.A. no one knows, but certainly all the sleep walking stories have something incredibleB. the sleepwalking stories are like salt adding flavor to people ’s lifeC. sleepwalking stories that are most fantastic should be sorted out from ordinary storiesD. the most fantastic sleepwalking stories may be just fictions, yet there are stilltruthfully recorded stories77. ________was supposed to be the world's champion sleepwalker.A. The student habitually walked to the Iowa River and swam in his sleepB. The man danced a minuet in his sleepC. The man walker sixteen miles along a dangerous roadD. The boy walked five hours in his sleep78. Sleepwalking is the result of ______ according to the passage.A. emotional disorderB. a vivid dreamC. lack of sleep and great anxietyD. insanity79. Dr. Zeida Teplitz seemed to_________.A. agree that sleepwalking sometimes leads to dangerous actsB. conclude that sleepwalkers are awake in their sensory areaC. disagree with the belief that sleep walkers are immune to injuryD. think that sleepwalking can turn into madness80. The writer makes it obvious that_________.A. sleepwalkers are often awakened by dangersB. most sleepwalkers can find ways to avoid self-injuryC. it is important to find out the underlying cause of sleepwalkingD. sleepwalking is actually a kind of hypnosisPassage FiveBeyond the basic animal instincts to seek food and avoid pain, Freud identifiedtwo sources of psychic energy, which he called "drives ”: aggression and libido. The keto his theory is that these were unconscious drives, shaping our behavior without themediation of our waking minds; they surface, heavily disguised, only in our dreams.The work of the past half-century in psychology and neuroscience has been to downplaythe role of unconscious universal drives, focusing instead on rational processesinconscious life. But researchers have found evidence that Freud s drives really do exist,and they have their roots in the limbic system, a primitive part of the brain that operatesmostly below the horizon of consciousness.Now more commonly referred to as emotions, the modem suite of drives comprises five: rage, panic, separation distress,lust and a variation on libido sometimes called seeking.The seeking drive is proving a particularly fruitful subject for researchers.Although like the others it originates in the limbic system, it also involves parts of theforebrain, the seat of higher mental functions. In the 1980s, Jaak Panksepp, aneurobiologist at Bowling Green State University in Ohio, became interested in a placenear the cortex known as the ventraltegmental area, which in humans lies just abovethe hairline. When Panksepp stimulated the corresponding region in a mouse, theanimal would sniff the air and walk around, as though it were looking for something.Was it hungry? No. The mouse would walk right by a plate of food, or for that matterany other object Panksepp could think of. This brain tissue seemed to cause a generaldesire for something new. “What I was seeing, ” he says, “was the urge to do stuff.Panksepp called this seeking.To neuropsychologist Mark Solms of University College in London, that soundsvery much like libido. “Freud needed some sort of general, appetitive desire to seekpleasure in the world of objects, ” says Solms. "Panksepp discovered as a neuroscientist what Freud discovered psychologically. ” Solms studied the same region of the brain forhis work on dreams. Since the 1970s, neurologists have known that dreaming takesplace during a particular form of sleep known as REM — rapid eye movement — whichis associated with a primitive part of the brain known as the pons. Accordingly, they regarded dreaming as a low-level phenomenon of no great psychological interest. WhenSolms looked into it, though, it turned out that the key structure involved in dreaming was actually the ventral tegmental, the same structure that Panksepp had identified as the seat of the “”s e e m k i o n t g i o n. Dreams, it seemed, originate with the libid—o which is just what Freud had believed.Freud's psychological map may have been flawed in many ways, but it alsohappensto be the most coherent and, from the standpoint of individual experience,meaningful theory of the mind. “Freud should be placed in the same category as Darwin,who lived before the discovery of genes, ” says Panksepp. “Freud gave us a vision ofmental apparatus. We need to talk about it, develop it, test it. ” Perhaps it ’sof proving Freud wrong or right, but of finishing the job.。
中医基础理论考博真题
2017年3月11号中医药大学中医基础理真题二：名词解释（每题5分，共20分）1.乙癸同源、水火既济2.仓廪之官、决渎之官3.用热远热、热因热用4.忘了三：简答题（每题5分，共20分）1.气脱与亡阳的定义与联系2.热、火、暑的异同点3.忘了4.忘了四：论述题（每题10分，共40分）1.何谓肾精、肾气、肾阳、肾阴？试述它们之间的关系。
2.阴阳偏衰既可导致相对一方亢盛，又可导致相对一方虚损不足，对此应如何正确理解和分析？3.风气动的概念、成因和病机。
4.“治病求本”与“标本缓急”中的“本”的区别与联系。
2017年中医药大学考博，中医基础理论考题记忆版1.为什么说“亡血家不可发汗”？2.何谓体质？何谓征候？二者有何联系？3.何谓七情？为什么说情志病皆从心生？4.何谓脱气？与亡阳有何区别？5.女子胞的生理功能？与脏腑经络之间的联系？6.何谓循经论治？何谓分经论治？试论头痛与牙痛的分经论治？7.对脾喜燥恶湿，胃喜润勿燥的理解？8.金元四大家。
9.对“金曰从革”的理解及临床指导意义？2016年中医药大学中医基础理论考博真题回忆一、名词解释（20分，5个每题4分）1.水火既济2.经脉3.寒性凝滞4.阴阳格拒5.七情伤二、简答题（共40分，每题8分，5个）1.简述中医发病的基本原理？2.何为正治？包括哪些治法？3.何为痰饮？痰饮的分类？4.简述宗气学说的原理？5.心的生理功能、生理特性及其与形、体、窍、华、志、液之间的关系？三、论述题（共40分）1.中医藏象学说的理解？（15分）2.中医“体病相关”理论与临床意义？（25分）2017科学院中医基础理论一，名词解释（2*5）1.疬气2.五脏化液3.百病皆由气4.从化5.皮部二，简答（10*5）1.试论述“肝生于左，肺藏于右”。
2.阴维脉、阳维脉经脉循行及其功能。
3.试述“肾为胃之关”。
4.试述何谓反治？简述其应用。
5.试述五运推演步骤，举例说明。
三，论述（20*2）1.论述整体观念。
上海中医药大学-19级中医学专业-中医基础学选择题目
上海中医药大学-19级中医学专业-中医基础学选择题目1.表证恶寒的病机是：（）？ [单选题] *A.风性开泄，腠理疏松B.外邪束表，卫气受遏(正确答案)C.阳气不足，无以温煦D.肺脾气虚，卫表不固E.正气不足，不能抗邪2. 按照十二经脉气血的流注次序，手少阳经上接（）？ [单选题] *A. 足太阴经B. 足厥阴经C. 手厥阴经(正确答案)D. 足少阴经E. 足太阳经3．气滞的主要特点是：（）？ [单选题] *A.呃逆嗳气B.恶心呕吐C.腹部坠胀D.烦躁易怒E.胀闷疼痛(正确答案)4．太息多主：（）？ [单选题] *A.胃气上逆B.胃脘气滞C.肝气犯胃D.肝气郁结(正确答案)E.脾胃气滞5 ．经络系统的主干是: （）？ [单选题] *A.经脉(正确答案)B．络脉C.经筋D．皮部E．经别6.下列脏腑位于上焦的是？（）？ [单选题] *A.肝胆B.心肺(正确答案)C.脾胃D.脾肾E.心肾7.阴虚火旺的舌象是？（）？ [单选题] *A.舌红少苔(正确答案)B.舌红苔黄厚C.舌红苔白D.舌红苔黑E.舌紫苔黄8. 临床表现病位游移、变化多端等特点的邪气是（）？ [单选题] *A、风邪(正确答案)B、寒邪C、暑邪D、火邪E、湿9. 六淫致病具有明显季节性的病邪是（）？ [单选题] *A、风邪B、暑邪(正确答案)C、寒邪D、湿邪E、燥10. 下列哪项是火、燥、暑三邪共同的致病特点：（）？ [单选题] *A、炎上B、伤津耗气(正确答案)C、生风动血D、重浊E、疼痛11、我国现存医学文献中最早的一部典籍是（）？ [单选题] *A 、神农本草经B 、黄帝内经(正确答案)C、难经D 、伤寒杂病论E、本草纲目12、我国第一部中药学专著是（）？ [单选题] *A 、神农本草经(正确答案)B 、黄帝内经C、难经D 、伤寒杂病论E、新修本草13、“寒凉派”的代表医家是（）？ [单选题] *A. 李东垣B. 刘完素(正确答案)C. 张从正D. 朱震亨E、张仲景14.与气陷病变密切相关的脏是？（）？ [单选题] *A.肝B.心C.脾(正确答案)D.肺E.肾15.中医“五官”在“五行”中属“木”的是？（）？ [单选题] *A. 口B.舌C. 目(正确答案)D.鼻E.耳16.中医总结“五行”中“金”的特性为？（）？ [单选题] *B.炎上C. 曲直D.从革(正确答案)E.润下17.下列何项生理功能属于阳: （）？ [单选题] *A滋润B．收敛C．抑制D．推动(正确答案)E．凝聚18.“热者寒之”说明了阴阳之间的何种关系: （）？ [单选题] * A阴阳对立(正确答案)B．阴阳互根C．阴阳消长D．阴阳转化E．以上都不是19. 五行中具有“稼穡”特性的是: （）？ [单选题] *A.木B.火C．土(正确答案)D．金E．水20. 五脏中“君主之官”是？（）？ [单选题] *B.心(正确答案)C. 脾D.肺E.肾21下列不属于阳者的是: （）？ [单选题] *A色青、白(正确答案)B．脉浮大C．声高、粗D．色鲜明E．气粗22.布散卫气于体表，主要依赖于：（）？ [单选题] *A．肺气宣发(正确答案)B．肺气肃降C．肝气升发D．脾升胃降E．肾的气化23．能温养脏腑皮毛的是：（）？ [单选题] *A．元气B．宗气C．营气D．卫气(正确答案)E．中气24．血液循环的推动力与下列哪组脏关系最为密切：（）？ [单选题] *A．心肺肝(正确答案)B．心肝脾C．肺脾肾D．心脾肾E．心肺肾25．与尿液排泄关系密切的是气的哪种功能：（）？ [单选题] *A．推动作用B．温煦作用C．固摄作用(正确答案)D．防御作用E．以上都不是26．多汗、多尿或小便失禁可由气的哪项功能减退引起：（）？ [单选题] * A．推动作用B．固摄作用(正确答案)C．温煦作用D．防御作用E．气化作用27.若病室中出现大蒜味，患者可能出现什么情况？（）？ [单选题] *A.糖尿病B.尿毒症C.肝性脑病D.有机磷中毒(正确答案)E.压疮28.寒邪的性质及致病特点不包括？（）？ [单选题] *B.易伤阳气C. 凝滞，主痛D.收引E.重浊(正确答案)29.以下情志影响脏腑气机错误的是（）？ [单选题] *A.怒则气上B.喜则气消(正确答案)C. 思则气结D.恐则气下E.惊则气乱30.关于饮证说法错误的是（）？ [单选题] *A.积水为饮B.在肌肤为溢饮C.在肠胃为支饮(正确答案)D.质地清晰E.在胸胁为悬饮31.前额疼痛，病属（）？ [单选题] *A.厥阴经B.少阳经C.阳明经(正确答案)D.太阳经E.太阴经32.下列为青色主病是（）？ [单选题] *B.瘀血证C.痛证D.惊风证E.以上均是(正确答案)33.六腑中哪个为“清净之府、中精之府”（）？ [单选题] *A.胆(正确答案)B.小肠C.胃D.大肠E.膀胱34.少年白发伴腰膝酸软、失眠健忘，多为（）？ [单选题] *A.血虚B.血热C.气虚D.肾虚(正确答案)E.正常35.正常舌象是（）？ [单选题] *A.红舌薄白苔B.淡红舌薄白苔(正确答案)C.淡红舌白苔D.淡红舌厚白苔E.红舌厚白苔36.哪个脏腑病变可反映于舌根（）？ [单选题] *B.心C.脾D.肺E.肾(正确答案)37.腻苔多由什么引起（）？ [单选题] *A.湿浊(正确答案)B.食积C.瘀血D.阳虚E.阴虚38.五脏中哪个是生痰之源（）？ [单选题] *A.肝B.心C.脾(正确答案)D.肺E.肾39.下列哪项不是望小儿指纹的内容（）？ [单选题] *A.浮沉B.长短C.色泽D.深浅E.大小(正确答案)40.两目干涩，视物不清，主要责之于: （）？ [单选题] *A肝经风热B．肝火上炎C.肝风内动D．肝之阴血不足(正确答案)E．肝阳上亢41. 左右寸关尺三部脉分候各脏腑，其中左关候哪个脏腑（）？ [单选题] *A.肝(正确答案)B.心C.脾D.肺E.肾42.脉来迟缓，时而一止，止无定数，是哪种脉象（）？ [单选题] *A.结脉(正确答案)B.代脉C.促脉D.迟脉E.缓脉43．神识不清，语无伦次，声高有力为：（）？ [单选题] *A.郑声B.谵语(正确答案)C .独语D.狂言E.语言塞涩44．厌食油腻，胁肋胀痛，舌苔黄腻，多为：（）？ [单选题] *A.痰湿内蕴B.脾胃湿热C.肝胃不和D.肝胆湿热(正确答案)E.饮食积滞闷45. 自汗是因为？（）？ [单选题] *A.气虚(正确答案)B.阴虚C.血热D.血虚E.都不是46.循行于腰背部正中线的是（）？ [单选题] *A. 冲脉B. 任脉C. 督脉(正确答案)D. 肾经E. 膀胱经47．表证的发热多是：（）？ [单选题] *A.寒热往来B.恶寒发热(正确答案)C.壮热D.潮热E.低热48．下列除哪项外，均是淡白舌的主病：（）？ [单选题] *A.气虚B.血虚C.阳虚D.阴虚(正确答案)E.气血两虚49．下列除哪项外，均为气虚的表现：（）？ [单选题] *A.短气乏力B.倦怠乏力C.头晕目眩D.畏寒肢冷(正确答案)E.舌淡脉弱50．血瘀所致头痛的特点为：（）？ [单选题] *A.胀痛B．刺痛(正确答案)C.绞痛D.重痛E.掣痛。
上海中医药大学2017年上学期《中医基础理论》
上海中医药大学2017年上学期《中医基础理论》姓名学号计分一、单选题(每题1分，共30分)。
1．风邪伤人，发病急、变化多，是因为( 4 )①风性轻扬②风性开泄③风性善行④风性数变⑤风为百病之长2．暑邪伤人，易致大汗出，是因为( 4 )①暑性炎热②暑见于夏季③暑多挟湿④暑性升散⑤暑易伤心3．“肾为气之根”主要是指肾( 3 )①主水液气化②为五脏根本③纳气以助肺④肾精化肾气⑤肾主水4．手足太阳经接交的部位在( 2 )①小指端②目内眦③目外眦④鼻翼旁⑤小趾端5．区分六气与六淫的关键是( 4 )①气候变化太过②气候变化不及③非其时有其气④是否致病⑤暴寒暴暖6．肝病传心是( 2 )①子壮母衰②母病及子③子盗母气④母来顾子⑤胜至则复7．六淫致病具有明显季节性的是( 5 )①火邪②风邪③湿邪④寒邪⑤暑邪8．阴阳转化的依据是( 3)①阴阳对立②阴阳制约③阴阳互根④阴阳平衡⑤阴阳斗争9．怒为肝之志，但还与何脏有关( 1 )①心②肺③脾④肾⑤心包10．下列观点何者为错( 3)①脏泻浊于腑②六腑泻而不藏③腑实者泻脏④脏病多虚⑤腑病多实11．昼夜之中，上半夜属于( 4 )①阳中之阳②阴中之阳③阳中之阴④阴中之阴⑤阴中之至阴12．易致脾气郁结，运化迟钝的情志因素是( 4 )①喜②怒③惊④思⑤悲13．攻补兼施适用于正虚邪实病变中的哪种情况(· 4 )①正尚耐攻②正不耐攻③邪不甚重④两者均不重⑤正不太虚14．下焦的功能可概括为( 3 )①如雾②如沤③如渎④主纳⑤主化15．内湿产生，主要是因为哪脏的病变所致( 3 )①肝②心③脾④肺⑤肾16．“连舌本，散舌下”的经脉是( 2 )①胃经②脾经③肾经④任脉⑤冲脉17．足厥阴肝经起于( 2)①大趾外侧爪甲端②大趾甲后丛毛处③大趾赤白肉际④第二趾甲后⑤足小趾端下18．目分五轮，其中白睛属( 4 )①心②肝③脾④肺⑤肾19．血液正常运行，不逸于脉外，主要与下列何脏的功能有关( 3 )①肝肾、②肺肾⑧肝脾④心肾⑤心肝20．“壮水之主，以制阳光”即是( 4 )①阳中求阴②阴中求阳⑧阴病治阳④阳病治阴⑤补阴配阳21．肾之阳气称为( 2 )①相火②龙火③雷火④君火⑤壮火22．寒因寒用适用于( 1 )①阳盛格阴②阴盛格阳⑧阳虚则寒④阴盛则寒⑤阴阳互损23．不属于金元四大家的医家是( 3 )①张子和②李杲⑧吴又可④朱丹溪⑤刘河间24．现存第一部病因病机证候学专著是( 3 )①《黄帝内经》②《伤寒杂病论》③《诸病源候论》④《三因极一病证方论》⑤《温疫论》25．具有生化、承载、受纳等性质或作用的事物，应归属于( 3 )①木②火⑧土④金⑤水26．下列除哪一项外皆属五行之“水”( 3 )①五体之骨②五化之藏③五志之悲④六腑之膀胱⑤五华之发27．“实则泻其子”适用于( 2 )①肝火犯肺②心肝火旺③肺胃热盛④肝阳上亢⑤肝气犯脾28．下列五脏化液之中哪一项是正确的( 4 )①肾为涕②肺为痰③心为血④脾为涎⑤肝为唾29．下列哪项不与气的固摄作用相关( 5 )①防止血液逸出②防止精液外泄③维持内脏恒定④防止津液流失⑤维持体温恒定30．奇恒之腑的功能特点是( 51)①藏精气而不泻②传化物而不藏③实体性器官④实而不能满⑤与六腑相同二、双选题(在本题的每一小题的备选答案中，只有两个答案是正确的，请把你认为正确答案的题号，填入题干的括号内。
上海中医药大学-19级中医学专业-中医基础理论及中医诊断学
上海中医药大学-19级中医学专业-中医基础理论及中医诊断学姓名： [填空题] *_________________________________科室： [填空题] *_________________________________1. 中医学的诊疗原则是 [单选题] *辩证论治(正确答案)同病同治2. 中医学的哲学基础是 [单选题] *矛盾论阴阳合五行学说(正确答案)3. 当自然环境不同时，人体也引发 [单选题] *不同的疾病(正确答案)相同的疾病4. 人体是有机的整体，构成的基础物质主要有 [单选题] *精、气、血、津液(正确答案)五脏六腑5. 中医学的指导思想是 [单选题] *整体观(正确答案)微观6. 中医里（）是指：症状和体征 [单选题] *证症(正确答案)7. 三因制宜是指：因时、（）、因人制宜 [单选题] *因地(正确答案)因症8. （）相当于数学里的线段 [单选题] *证候(正确答案)症状9. （）是相当于一个一个的点 [单选题] *症状(正确答案)病10. （）是有不同的证候构成的 [单选题] *病(正确答案)症11. 中医里的三辨论治是指：辨因、辨证、（）论治 [单选题] *辨病(正确答案)辨人12. “见微知著”主要是指 [单选题] *A.从轻微的表现预测严重的病变B.从局部的微小变化测知整体情况(正确答案)C.从隐蔽的症状测知明显的症状D.从易忽略的体征中求得病情E.运用特殊诊法诊断出病证13. 病人表情淡漠，神识痴呆，喃喃自语，哭笑无常属于 [单选题] *A.狂病B.脏躁C.痫病D.惊风E.癫病(正确答案)14. 根据《灵枢·五色》的分法，整个面部称为“阙”的部分是 [单选题] *A.鼻B.耳门C.眉间(正确答案)D.颊侧E.额15. 肾精久耗，阴虚火旺病人的面色可见 [单选题] *A.面色黛黑，肌肤甲错B.面黑干焦(正确答案)C.眼眶周围发黑D.面色青黑E.面黑暗淡16. 坐而喜俯者多为 [单选题] *A.肺气壅滞B.体弱气虚(正确答案)C.咳喘肺胀D.水饮内停气逆E.肝火上炎17. 牙齿燥如枯骨的临床意义是 [单选题] *A.阳明热甚，津液大伤B.胃阴已伤C.肾阴枯竭，精不上荣(正确答案)D.肾虚，虚火上炎E.肝阳上亢18. 阴寒内盛，阳气被遏，血行凝滞时，多见的舌象表现是 [单选题] *A.全舌青紫B.舌有紫色斑点C.舌色淡红中泛现青紫D.舌色淡紫而湿润(正确答案)E.舌色紫红或绛紫而干枯少津19. 患者舌酱短缩，色淡白或青紫而湿润的临床意义是 [单选题] *A.寒凝筋脉(正确答案)B.气血俱虚C.痰湿内蕴D.热盛伤津E.动风先兆20. 短气，兼有呼吸声粗，或胸部室闷，或胸腹胀满等，多由于 [单选题] *A.痰饮、胃肠积滞或气滞或瘀阻(正确答案)B.体质衰弱或元气虚损C.久病体虚或肺肾气虚D.肺气郁闭E.元阳暴脱21. 牢脉的脉象特征是 [单选题] *A.沉而弦细B.沉而弦数C.沉而实大弦长(正确答案)D.沉弦长E.伏而实大22. 下述各项，属于里证辨证要点的是 [单选题] *A.见于外感疾病的中、后期阶段(正确答案)B.新起恶寒发热并见C.一般病情较轻D.病位较浅E.病程较短23. 证候真假的“真”主要是指 [单选题] *A.患者真实的临床表现B.临床上常见的证候C.指与疾病内在本质相符的证候(正确答案)D.本病或者久病之症E.患者的病情完全真实24. 患者咳嗽喘促，动则益甚，声低息微，腰膝酸软，舌淡，脉沉细无力，其临床意义是 [单选题] *A.表证B.寒证C.虚证(正确答案)D.热证E.实证25. 寒淫证的临床表现是 [单选题] *A.恶风寒，微发热，汗出，脉浮缓，苔薄白B.突发皮肤瘙痒、丘疹C.恶寒重，或伴发热，无汗，头身疼痛，鼻塞或流清涕，脉浮紧(正确答案)D.鼻塞，流清涕，喷嚏，或伴咽喉痒痛、咳嗽E.肢关节游走作痛，或新起面睑肢体浮肿26. 下列各项，不属于阳水临床表现的是 [单选题] *A.头面部先肿B.兼脾、肾阳虚(正确答案)C.起病急，病程短D.皮肤光亮而薄E.多夹风邪为患27. 患者少气懒言，神疲乏力，气短自汗，舌淡脉虚的临床意义是 [单选题] *A.气虚证(正确答案)B.气陷证C.气脱证D.阳虚证E.气滞证28. 患者大出血后出现气短，心悸，冷汗淋漓，四肢厥冷，脉微欲绝的临床意义是[单选题] *A.气虚失血B.气血两虚C.气随血脱(正确答案)D.气虚下陷E.阴虚阳亢29. 下列各项，不属于热极生风证临床表现的是 [单选题] *A.高热神昏B.四肢抽搐C.角弓反张D.两目上视E.目合口开(正确答案)30. 下列各项，不属于肾阴虚证临床表现的是 [单选题] *A.眩晕耳鸣B.少气懒言(正确答案)C.骨蒸发热D.咽干颜红E.五心烦热。
上海中医药大学考博中药学试题
中药学经验
我参加了2014年上海中医药大学博士入学考试
因为以中药学专业课的考生不多，所以往年试卷几乎没有，本人利用课余时间为广大学弟指指路，希望有所帮助。
首先，考试整体老师出的不难，基本上都是本科大纲要求的东西，只要复习好一类药二类药基本上可以及格，所以，不必太担心。
以下是我回忆的内容，希望对你有所帮助！
1.单项选择题：考的都是基本内容，中药学习题集基本覆盖
2.多项选择题：考的也是基本内容，但具有一定迷惑性，且要求准确，基本上能对一半。
3.辨别对错题：对的话不用改，错的话需要指出并改正。
4.名词解释：中草药，水飞，温里药，无味，与升降沉浮。
5．功效题：几个一类药物的主要功效
6.一类药物的功效和主治
7.几类药物的比较，我考的是，紫苏，黄芩，白术的安胎之区别。
以上为我今年考试经验，希望师弟们好好复习，
整体不难，但要及早背诵。
最后一份付出一份收获，希望你们好运。
上海中医药大学中医基础理论2019年考博真题试卷
二、多选题（10题，每题2分，共20分）
1.相乘关系的有：肝火犯胃……
2.血淤常因：气虚气滞血热血寒血虚……
3.津停导致：气虚气滞血虚血淤血燥……
4.人的气的来源：水谷之气，营气，清气，精气，卫气
5.属于逆治的：虚则补之……
6.肾中精气充足的标志：齿骨发
7.入耳的经脉：三小胆
医学考博真题试卷
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上海中医药大学
2019年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：中医基础理论
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、单选题（20题，每题1分，共20分）
1.中清之府——胆；
2.孤府——三焦；
3.常血虚脏腑为主——心肝；
4.用寒远寒、用热远热——因时制宜；
5.气逆常见于——肝胃肺
6.阴阳转化的理论基础——阴阳互根
7.阴病治阳——
8.啥啥是什么关系：相乘、相侮、相生相克……
9.通行元气与水液的通道——三焦
10.吐下定无完气——津能载气
11.体阴而用阳的脏——肝
12.冲脉并行的经脉——足太阴肾经
13.距离正中线最近的经脉
14.津分布的部位——肌肉、皮肤、孔窍
二、名词解释（5题，每题4分，共20分）
1.土爰稼穑
2ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้阴病治阳
3.审证求因
4.湿性黏滞
5.塞因塞用
三、论述题（5题，每题8分，共40分）
1.营气与卫气有何异同，营卫失和的临床表现
2.水湿痰饮的区别与联系
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第1页 共1页
上海中医药大学
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
上海中医药大学
2019年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：中医基础理论
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、单选题（20题，每题1分，共20分）
第1页 共1页
1. 中清之府—— 胆； 2. 孤府——三焦； 3. 常血虚脏腑为主——心肝； 4. 用寒远寒、用热远热——因时制宜； 5. 气逆常见于——肝胃肺 6. 阴阳转化的理论基础——阴阳互根 7. 阴病治阳—— 8. 啥啥是什么关系：相乘、相侮、相生相克…… 9. 通行元气与水液的通道——三焦 10. 吐下定无完气——津能载气 11. 体阴而用阳的脏——肝 12. 冲脉并行的经脉——足太阴肾经 13. 距离正中线最近的经脉 14. 津分布的部位——肌肉、皮肤、孔窍 15. 寒因寒用用于—词解释（5题，每题4分，共20分） 1.土爰稼穑 2，阴病治阳 3.审证求因 4.湿性黏滞 5.塞因塞用 三、论述题（5题，每题8分，共40分） 1.营气与卫气有何异同，营卫失和的临床表现 2.水湿痰饮的区别与联系 3.何为十二经脉的表里关系？其特点与其意义如何？ 4.外燥与内燥的异同 5.脾与精，气，血，津液的生理联系