倒档拨叉机加工艺及夹具设计 外文翻译

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倒档变速叉零件加工工艺及夹具设计

倒档变速叉零件加工工艺及夹具设计

倒档变速叉零件加工工艺及夹具设计一、工艺概述倒档变速叉是汽车变速器中的核心部件之一,其作用是控制齿轮的换挡和倒挡。

该零件由多个部件组成,包括叉齿、叉头、轴承等。

本文将详细介绍倒档变速叉的加工工艺及夹具设计。

二、工艺流程1. 工件准备:选用优质的钢材进行加工,并根据图纸要求进行切割和锻造。

2. 粗加工:将锻造后的工件进行粗加工,包括车削、铣削和钻孔等操作。

3. 热处理:对粗加工后的零件进行淬火和回火处理,提高其硬度和强度。

4. 精加工:对热处理后的零件进行精密加工,包括磨削、镗孔和拉伸等操作。

5. 表面处理:对精加工后的零件进行表面处理,包括喷涂或电镀等操作。

6. 检验:对表面处理后的零件进行检验,确保其符合图纸要求。

三、夹具设计为了保证倒档变速叉零件在加工过程中的准确性和稳定性,需要设计合适的夹具。

以下是夹具设计的详细步骤:1. 确定夹具类型:根据零件的形状和加工要求,选择合适的夹具类型,如机械夹具、气动夹具或液压夹具等。

2. 设计夹爪:根据零件的形状和加工要求,设计合适的夹爪。

夹爪应能紧密地固定住零件,并保证其不会移动或变形。

3. 设计定位装置:为了保证零件在加工过程中的准确性,需要设计合适的定位装置。

定位装置应能将零件精确地定位到正确的位置,并保证其不会移动或偏离。

4. 设计支撑装置:为了避免零件在加工过程中出现振动或变形,需要设计合适的支撑装置。

支撑装置应能稳固地支撑住零件,并保证其不会发生变形。

5. 优化结构:在完成以上设计后,需要对整个夹具进行结构优化。

优化后的夹具应能提高生产效率和产品质量。

四、注意事项1. 在加工过程中要注意安全,避免发生事故。

2. 加工过程中要保持加工设备的良好状态,及时进行维护和保养。

3. 加工过程中要严格按照图纸要求进行操作,确保加工精度和质量。

4. 加工完成后要进行严格的检验,确保产品符合质量标准。

五、总结倒档变速叉零件的加工需要经过多个步骤,包括粗加工、热处理、精加工和表面处理等。

拨叉加工工艺及夹具设计 英文

拨叉加工工艺及夹具设计 英文

拨叉加工工艺及夹具设计英文Title: Process and Fixture Design for Turning OperationsAbstract:This paper explores the process of turning operations using a lathe and the design of fixtures to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of the process. The use of acutting tool on a rotating workpiece allows for the creation of cylindrical shapes, grooves, and threads. The process of turning is widely used in manufacturing industries to produce a variety of components with high precision and surface finish.One of the key components in the turning process is the tool holder, which secures the cutting tool in place and provides the necessary rigidity and stability during the cutting operation. The design of the tool holder iscritical in achieving high-quality results, and the selection of the appropriate cutting tool and tool material is equally important.Another important aspect of the turning process is the design of the fixture that holds the workpiece in place. The fixture must provide secure clamping of the workpiece,while also allowing for easy loading and unloading. The design of the fixture must also ensure that the workpiece is positioned accurately and securely to prevent any movement during the cutting operation.In this paper, we will discuss the various types of turning operations and the design considerations for both the tool holder and the fixture. We will also provide examples of fixture designs for specific turning operations, as well as the selection of appropriate cutting tools and tool materials. Ultimately, the goal of this paper is to provide insights and practical guidelines for the successful implementation of turning operations in manufacturing processes.。

汽车词汇中英文

汽车词汇中英文

汽车词汇中英文玻璃升降器WINDOW GLASS LIFTER横拉杆总成TIE ROD ASSY尾门撑杆BACK DOOR STAY ASSY机油塞OIL PRESSURE SENSOR水温塞WA TER TEMPERATURE SENSOR全车锁DOOR LOCK ASSY化油器修理包CARBUTOR REPAIR FITTING直拉杆总成DRAG LINK ASSY机油泵OILD PUMP汽油泵FUEL PUMP节温塞THERMOSTAT SENSOR大修包COMPLETE GASKET SET汽缸垫GASKET水泵WA TER PUMP活塞环PISTON RING上球头BALL JOINT-UPPER离合器压板CLUTCH COVER ASSY横拉杆球头TIE ROD JOINT付邦呔IDLER ARM缸套CYLINDER LINER活塞PISTON十字接头,万向接头UNIVERSAL JOINT下球头BALL JOINT-LOWER分火线DISTRIBUTOR时规链条TIMING CHAIN转向臂〔主邦呔〕PITMAN ARM汽门导管V ALVE GUIDE进汽门〔口〕INLET V ALVE〔PORT〕分火盖DISTRIBUTOR CAP悬挂臂FORK ARM刹车总泵BRAKE MASTER CYLINDER时规修理包TIMING REPAIR FITTING离合器总泵CLUTCH MASTER CYLINDER离合器分泵CLUTCH SLA VE CYLINDER中间横拉杆CENTER LINK ASSY减震器ABSORBER链顶TENSION刹车分泵BRAKE WHEEL CYLINDER石棉ASBESTOS传感器SENSOR避震机顶胶RUBBER BUSHING电子操纵装置ECU绝热HEA T ISOLA TING时规链挡板CHAIN GUIDE点火分电器机油滤清器OIL FILTER导轨RAIL四冲程发动机循环FOUR-STROKE ENGINE CYCLE排汽门〔口〕EXHAUST V ALVE〔PORT〕燃油箱FUEL TANK曲轴CRANKSHAFT压缩COMPRESS进汽歧管INTAKE MANIFOLD火花塞SPARK PLUG摇臂罩ROCKER ARM COVER连杆CONNECTING ROD燃烧室COMBUSTION CHAMBER齿圈RING GEAR膨胀EXPANSION飞轮FLYING WHEEL凸轮轴室CAMSHAFT HOUSING销PIN曲轴带轮CRANKSHAFT PULLEY机体ENGINE BLOCK汽缸盖CYLINDER HEAD正时齿轮盖TIMING COVER凸轮链轮CAMSHAFT SPROKET辅助驱动轴ACCESSORY DRIVE SHAFT油底壳SUMP曲轴箱CRANK CASE汽门弹簧V ALVE SPRING螺栓BOLT吸油管OIL PICKUP PIPE滤网STRAINER正时带TIMING BELT衬垫GASKET垫片WASHER后主轴承REAR MAIN BEARING油底壳衬垫雨刷WIPER BLADE汽门阀座V ALVE SEA T碟式DISCS鼓式DRUMS弹簧SRPING凸轮CAM手动变速MT无级变速CVT程序操纵燃油喷射PGM-FI可变气门正时及升程电子操纵VTEC可变正时操纵VTC顶置单凸轮轴SOHC顶置双凸轮轴DOHC智能安全带辅助装置I-SRS防抱死系统ABS智能式牵引力操纵系统〔循迹操纵系统〕TCS 电子制动力分配装置EBD可变气门正时系统S-VT动态稳固操纵系统DSC手动MT自动A T前轮驱动FWD全时四轮驱动AWD电控多点燃油喷射发动机MPI发动机型式ENGINE TYPE排量DISPLACEMENT缸径CYLINDER BORE行程(冲程) STROKE最大功率MAX. OUTPUT扭距TORQUE变速器TRANSMISSION最高速度MAS. SPEED油耗FUEL CONSUMPTION真空助力器V ACUUM BOOSTER动力转向器POWER STEERING GEAR前悬架FRONT SUSPENSION传动轴DRIVE SHAFT盘式制动器CALIPER DISC BRAKE车身BODY内饰件INTERIOR TRIM PARTS后悬架REAR SUSPENSION鼓式制动器DRUM BRAKE正时齿形带护罩TIMING TOOTHES BELT SHIELD空调压缩机A/C COMPRESSOR空调压缩机带轮MULTI-WEDGE BELT PULLEY, A/C COMPRESSOR多楔带MULTI-WEDGE BELT曲轴带轮MULTI-WEDGE BELT PULLEY, CRANKSHAFT张紧轮TENSIONER发电机带轮MULTI-WEDGE BELT PULLEY, ALTERNATOR导向轮GUIDE PULLEY动力转向油泵POWER STEERING PUMP动力转向泵带轮MULTI-WEDGE BELT PULLEY, POWER STEERING PUMP 发电机ALTERNA TOR进气歧管INTAKE MANIFOLD油尺DIPSTICK燃油分配管FUEL RAIL气缸盖罩CYLINDER HEAD COVER正时齿形带TIMING TOOTHES BELT凸轮轴正时齿形带轮TIMING TOOTHED PULLEY, CAMSHAFT水泵齿形带轮TOOTHED PULLEY, WATER PUMP曲轴正时齿形带动轮TIMING TOOTHED PULLEY, CARANKSHAFT机油泵链ROLLER CHAIN, OIL PUMP机油泵OIL PUMP曲轴CRANKSHAFT气缸体CYLINDER BLOCK液压挺柱HYDRAULIC TAPPET凸轮轴CAMSHAFT喷油器FUEL INJECTOR限压阀OIL PRESSURE RELIEF V ALVE机油盘OIL PAN凸轮轴油封CAMSHAFT SEAL半圆键WOODRUFF KEY挺柱体TAPPET BODY气门锁片V ALVE LOCK SPLIT上气门弹簧座UPPER V ALVE SPRING RETAINER气门弹簧V ALVE SPRING气门油封V ALVE SEAL气门导管V ALVE STEM GUIDE进气门座INTAKE V ALVE SEA T曲轴链轮CRANKSHAFT SROCKET主轴承上轴瓦UPPER BEARING BUSH, MAIN BEARING连杆大头上轴瓦UPPER BEARING BUSH, BIG END OF CONNECTING ROD 连杆小头上轴瓦BEARING BUSH, SMALL END OF CONNECTING ROD卡环SNAP RING正时传动TIMING DRIVE活塞销PISTIN PIN第一道气环TOP COMPRESSION RING第二道气环SECOND COMPRESSION RING油环OIL CONTROL RING连杆螺栓CONNECTING ROD BOLT飞轮FLYWHEEL转速传感器脉冲轮PULSE WHEEL, SPEED SENSOR连杆大头下轴瓦LOWER BEARING BUSH, BIG END OF CONNECTING ROD 连杆盖CONNECTING ROD CAP连杆螺母CONNECTING ROD NUT止推片THRUST HALFRING主轴承下轴瓦LOWER BEARING BUSH, MAIN BEARING简图SKETCH周围空气AMBIENT AIR空气滤清器AIR CLEANER排气歧管EXHAUST MANIFOLD进气软管INTAKE HOSE双排气管TWIN EXHAUST PIPES三元催化净化器THREE-WAY CATAL YTIC CONVERTER中间消声器MID-MUFFLER主消声器MAIN MUFFLER隔热软垫HEA T-INSULATED SWELLING MAT陶瓷催化反应体CERAMIC CA TALYTIC CONVERTER壳体HOUSING纸质滤芯PAPRT CARTRIDGE空滤器上壳体UPPER HOUSING, AIR CLEANER空滤器下壳体LOWER HOUSING, AIR CLEANER带粗滤器进气管组件AIR INLET UNIT WITH SIEVE护罩SHIELD散热器RADIATOR电动风扇E;ECTRIC FANS齿形带带轮TOOTHED BELT PULLEY气缸体水套WA TER JACKET, CYLINDER BLOCK气缸盖水套WA TER JACKET, CYLINDER HEAD发动机水套排气管BLEEDING HOSE, ENGINE JACKET节气门热水管HOT WA TER PIPE, THROTTLE V ALVE膨胀箱管RESERVIOR CAP冷却液下橡胶软管LOWER HOSE, RADIATOR OUTLET散热器排气管BLEEDING HOSE, RADIATOR冷却液上橡胶软管UPPER HOSE, RADIATOR INLET电动风扇双速热敏敏开关DUAL-SPEED THERMAL SWITCH, ELECTRIC FAN水泵总成WA TER PUMP ASSEMBLY水泵叶轮IMPELLER, WATER PUMP球轴承BALL BEARINGO形密封圈O-RING水泵壳体HOUSING, WATER PUMP圆柱滚子轴承ROLLER BEARING节温器THERMOSTAT节温器芯THERMOSTATIC CORE阀V ALVE阀座V ALVE BASE原理PRINCIPLE加机油口盖OILD FILLER CAP凸轮轴轴颈CAMSHAFT JOURNAL主油道MAIN OIL GALLERY连杆油道OIL CIRCUIT, CONNECTING ROD曲轴油道OIL CIRCUIT, CRANKSHAFT油压开关OIL PRESSURE SWITCH单向阀CHECK V ALVE旁通安全阀BYPASS RELIEF V ALVE当滤芯堵塞时IN CASE OF PLUGGING CARTRIDGE溢流阀OVERFLOW V ALVE机油泵链轮SPROCKET, OIL PUMP曲柄销轴颈JOURNAL, CRANK PIN曲轴主轴颈MAIN JOURNAL, CRANKSHAFT活性炭罐电磁阀CHARCOAL CANISTER-PURGE V ALVE带输出驱动级的点火线圈组件IGNITION TRANSFORMER UNIT WITH OUTPUT DRIVER STAGE 相位传感器PHASE SENSOR燃油压力调剂器FUEL PRESSURE REGULA TOR节气门操纵部件THROTTLE V ALVE CONTROL UNIT空气质量计AIR MASS METER氧传感器LAMBDA SENSOR冷却液温度传感器COOLANT TEMPERA TURE SENSOR爆震传感器KNOCK SENSOR发动机转速传感器ENGINE SPEED SENSOR进气温度传感器INTAKE AIR TEMPERA TURE SENSOR发动机操纵单元ENGINE CONTROL UNIT传感器插头支架SUPPORTER FOR SENSORS CONNECTORS加燃油口FILLER回油管FUEL RETURN PIPE供油管FUEL FEED PIPE燃油箱油气排放管PIPE OF EV APORA TIVE EMISSION FROM FUEL TANK喷孔板ORIFICE PLATE阀座V ALVE SEA T插头ELECTRIC TERMINALS滤网STRAINER进油管与阀体组件INLET TUBE&SEAT CARRIER UNIT电磁线圈SOLENOID COIL阀针(带衔铁) V ALVE NEEDLE WITH SOLENOID ARMATURE回油管嘴NOZZLE OF RETURN FUEL下盖LOWER COVER阀球V ALVE BALL上盖UPPER COVER膜片DIAPHRAGM油塞PLUG滤芯CARTRIDGE滤网GAUZE磁铁MAGNET下端盖LOWER COVER电枢ARMATURE出油阀OUTLET CHECK V ALVE活性炭罐CHAROAL CANISTER火花塞SPARK PLUGS第3缸点火线接头CONNECTOR OF RESISTIVE CABLE FOR CYLINDER NO.3 功率输出驱动级OUTPUT DRIVER STAGE高压端头HIGH-VOLTAGE TERMINAL次级线圈SECONDARY WINDING点火线圈壳体HOUSING初级线圈PRIMARY WINDING铁心LAMINATED IRON CORE混合电路盒HYBRID-CIRCUIT BOX金属热膜元件METALLIC HOT-FILM ELEMENT导流格栅FLOWGUIDE GRILLE节气门定位电位计POSITIONING POTEMTIOMETER, THROTTLE V ALVE应急运行弹簧BACK-UP MODE SPRING节气门定位器(电动机) THROTTLE V ALVE POSITIONER(MOTOR)节气门电位计THROTTLE V ALVE POTENTIOMETER怠速进出管口IDLING SPEED SWITCH热水进出管口HOT-WA TER INLET & OUTLET节气门拉索滑轮BOWDEN CABLE PULLEY FOR THROTTLE V ALVE发动机ENGINE离合器CLUTCH主传动与差速器FINAL DRIVE &DIFFERENTIAL等速万向节CONSTANT VELOCITY UNIVERSAL JOINTS转动轴DRIVER SHAFT驱动轮(前轮) DRIVING WHEEL(FRONT WHEEL)盘式制动器(前轮) CALIPER DISC BRAKE(FRONT WHEEL)波形片CUSHIONING PLATE减振弹黄TORSIONAL DAMPING SPRING阻尼片FRICTIONAL DAMPING WASHER花键轴套SPLINED HUB碟形弹簧DISC SPRING曲轴CRANKSHAFT限位铆钉STOP PIN摩擦片FRICTIONAL LINING压盘PRESSURE PLA TE传动刚带STEEL STRIP飞轮齿圈FLYWHEEL RING GEAR变速器输入轴INPUT SHAFT OF TRANSMISSION离合器分离轴承CLUTCH RELEASE BEAEING从动盘盖板RETAINING PLA TE OF DISC UNIT离合器膜片弹簧CLUTCH DIAPHRAGM SPRING离合器盖CLUTCH COVER支承环WIRE RING边速器壳体TRANSMISSION HOUSING分离板RELEASE LEVER工作缸RELEASE SLA VE CYLINDER储液罐FLUID RESERVOIR低压油管LOW PRESSURE HOSE助力弹簧AUXILIARY SPRING离合器踏板CLUTCH PEDAL推杆PUSH ROD主缸MASTER CYLINDER高压油管HIGH PRESSURE PIPE通气塞AIR BREATHER主动轴〔含一/二档齿轮〕INPUT SHAFT〔WITH 1ST & 2ND SPEED GEARS〕滚针轴承NEEDLE BEARING主动轴四档齿轮4TH SPEED GEAR,INPUT SHAFT三/四档同步器3RD/4TH SPEED SYNCHRONIZER主动轴三档齿轮3RDSPEED GEAR,INPUT SHAFT倒档齿轮组REVERSE GEARS轴承座壳体BEARING CARRIER倒档拨叉定位销POSITIONING DOWEL,REVERSE SHIFT FORK主动轴五档齿轮5TH SPEED GEAR,INPUT SHAFT五档同步器5TH SPEED SYNCHRONIZER后盖总成REAR COVER ASSEMBLY异形磁铁SPECIAL-SHAPED MAGNET从动轴五档齿轮5TH SPEED GEAR,OUTPUT SHAFT双列圆锥滚子轴承DOUBLE-ROW TAPERED ROLLER BEARING从动轴一档齿轮1ST SPEED GEAR,OUTPUT SHAFT一/二档同步器1ST/2ND SPEED SYNCHRONIZER从动轴二档齿轮2ND SPEED GEAR,OUTPUT SHAFT从动轴三档齿轮3RD SPEED GEAR,OUTPUT SHAFT从动轴〔带主动锥齿轮〕OUTPUT SHAFT WITH BEVEL PINION从动轴四档齿轮4TH SPEED GEAR,OUTPUT SHAFT差速器组件〔带从动锥齿轮〕DIFFERENTIAL UNIT WITH CROWN GEAR差速器盖DIFFERENTIAL COVER凸缘轴FLANGED SHAFT车速里程表传动齿轮组GEAR TRAIN,SPEEDOMETER离合器分离板RELEASE LEVER,CLUTCH三/四档换档拨叉3RD/4TH SPEED SHIFT FORK一/二档拨叉轴1ST/2ND SPEED FORK-AXLE三/四档拨叉轴3RD/4TH SPEED FORK-AXLE五/倒档拨叉轴5TH/REV.SPEED FORK-AXLE倒档换档拨叉轴REVERSE SHIFT FORK五档到档拨叉轴5TH SPEED SHIFT FORK倒档轴SHIFT-SELECTION AXLE选档轴REVERSE SHAFT一/二档换档拨叉1ST/2ND SPEED SHIFT FORK定位锁销POSITIONING LOCK PIN大互锁销BIG INTERLOCK PIN小互锁销SMALL INTERLOCK PIN倒档惰轮REVERSE IDLER GEAR主动轴倒档齿轮REVERSE GEAR,INPUT SHAFT从动轴倒档齿轮REVERSE GEAR,OUTPUT SHAFT变速器从动轴(带主动锥齿轮) OUTPUT SHAFT(WITH BEVEL PINION),TRANSMISSION 从动锥齿轮CROWN GEAR差速器侧齿轮DIFFERENTIAL SIDE GEAR防转螺母LOCKING NUT行星齿轮轴AXLE,PLANETARY GEAR行星齿轮PLANETARY GEAR差速器壳DIFFERENTIAL CARRIER圆锥滚子轴承TAPERED ROLLER BEARING凸缘轴螺栓BOLT,FLANGED SHAFT凸缘轴FLANGED SHAFT里程表主动齿轮衬套DRIVING GEAR BUSH,SPEEDOMETER里程表主动齿轮DRIVING GEAR ,SPEEDOMETER螺栓BOLT弹性锁销ELASTIC CURLED PIN球形垫圈ONE-PIECE SPHERICAL WASHER钟形壳BELL(OUTER RACE,RF)筒形壳OUTER RACE(VL)保持架与钢球CAGE & BALLS (RF)保持架与钢球CAGE & BALLS (VL)星形套INNER RACE(RF)星形套INNER RACE(VL)橡胶护套RUBBER BOOT(RF)橡胶护套RUBBER BOOT(VL)盖CAP(VL)密封垫片SEAL GASKET前悬架部件PARTS OF FRONT SUSPENSION制动钳CALIPER UNIT制动盘BRAKE DISC摇臂SWINGING ARM副车架AUXILIARY FRAME横向稳固杆TRANSVERSE STABILIZER VELOCITY等速万向节与传动轴CONSTANT VELOCITY JOINT & DRIVE SHAFT剖视图SECTIONAL VIEW挡泥板MUDGUARD前轮轮毂FRONT WHEEL HUB下弹簧座LOWER SPRING TRTAINER前悬挂架上支承UPPER BEARING UNIT,FRONT SUSPENSION缓冲限位块BUFFERING STOPPER上弹簧座UPPER SPRING RETAINER前螺旋弹簧FRONT COIL SPRING前悬架支柱焊接总成(带转向臂) FRONT WELDED SUSPENSION PILLAR ASSEMBLY(WITH STEERING ARM) 前减震器FRONT SHOCK ABSORBER活塞杆PISTON ROD活塞杆密封圈OIL SEAL, PISTON ROD活塞杆导向座GUIDE BEARING, PISTON ROD衬套SLEEVE储油筒OIL RESERVOIR CASING限位器LIMITING STOPPER缸筒CYLINDER TUBE限位器支承环BEARING FLANGE, LIMITING STOPPER复原阀片限位板DISC RETAINER, REBOUND V ALVE复原阀片REBOUND V ALVE DISC节流阀片THROTTLING V ALVE DISC复原阀弹簧SPRING, REBOUND V ALVE螺母NUT压缩阀组件COMPRESSION V ALVE UNIT橡胶-金属支承座RUBBER-METAL BEARING SEA T后桥焊接总成REAR WELDED AXLE ASSEMBLY手制动拉索PARKING BRAKE CABLE制动鼓BRAKE DRUM后制动器REAR DRUM BRAKE后减震器REAR SHOCK ABSORBER橡胶护套RUBBER BOOT后螺旋弹簧REAR COIL SPRING橡胶衬套组件RUBBER SHACKLE UNIT转向盘STEERING WHEEL转向轴STEERING SHAFT转向臂(焊接在前悬架支柱上) STEERING ARM (WELDED A T THE FRONT SUSPENSION PILLAR)吸油管SUCTION HOSE叶片泵V ANE-TYPE PUMP储油罐RESERVIOR左横拉杆LEFT STEERING TIE ROD右横拉杆RIGHT STEERING TIE TOD转阀ROTARY SPOOL V ALVE防尘罩挡圈STOP-RING OF BELLOWS波浪防尘罩BELLOWS夹箍CLAMP密封座SEAL HOLDER压块PRESSING PIECE小齿轮PINION铭牌TYPE PLA TE齿条RACK支承衬套BEARING SLEEVE环COLLAR齿条油封座SEAL HOLDER挡环RETAINING COLLAR阀套V ALVE SLEEVE阀芯V ALVE ROTOR扭杆TORSION BAR挠性联轴节组件FLEXIBLE COUPLING UNIT内环INNER RING橡胶支承圈RUBBER BEARING COLLAR垫圈WASHER压簧COMPRESSION SPRING下转向轴LOWER STEERING SHAFT减震橡胶套DAMPING RUBBER BOOT上转向轴UPPER STERRING SHAFT转向盘组件STERRING WHEEL UNIT制动灯开关STOP LAMP SWITCHABS指示灯(位于副外表上) ABS WARNING INDICATOR(LOCATED AT AUXILIARY FASCIA CONSOLE)制动警告灯(位于组合外表上) WARNING INDICA TOR LIGHT FOR HANDBRAKE & BRAKING SYSTEM TROUBLES(LOCATED A T COMBINATION METER PANEL)左后轮转速传感器LEFT REAR WHEEL-SPEED SENSOR液压泵电机ELECTRIC MOTOR, HYDRAULIC PUMPABS液压单元(内置式柱塞泵) ABS HYDRAULIC UNIT (BUILT-IN PLUNGER PUMP)ABS操纵单元ABS CONTROL UNIT右前轮转速传感器RIGHT FRONT WHEEL-SPEED SENSOR低压储液器(蓄能器) LOW PRESSURE RESERVIOR (ACCUMULA TOR)吸入阀SUCTION V ALVE液压阀HYDRAULIC PUMP压力阀PRESSURE V ALVE制动主缸BRAKING MASTER CYLINDER真空助力泵V ACUUM BOOSTER车轮转速传感器与脉冲轮WHEEL-SPEED SENSOR & PULSE WHEEL后轮制动器底板BRAKE CARRIER, REAR WHEEL后轮制动鼓BRAKE DRUM, REAR WHEEL后轮转速传感器脉冲轮PULSE WHEEL, REAR WHEEL-SPEED SENSOR前轮制动器制动盘BRAKE DISC, FRONT WHEEL前轮转速传感器脉冲轮PULSE WHEEL, FRONT WHEEL-SPEED SENSOR制动踏板BRAKE PEDAL电磁线圈管SOLENOID SPOOL液压泵电动机ELECTRIC MOTOR, HYDRAULIC PUMP带低压储液器的ABS液压单元ABS HYDRAULIC UNIT WITH LOW PRESSURE RESERVOIR电磁阀SOLENOID V ALVEABS警告指示灯ABS W ARNING INDICA TOR LIGHT制动警告灯WARNING INDICATOR FOR HANDBRAKE & BRAKING SYSTEM TROUBLES左前制动油路接口LEFT FRONT BRAKING CIRCUIT CONNECTOR右后制动油路接口RIGHT REAR BRAKING CIRCUIT CONNECTOR左后制动油路接口LEFT REAR BRAKING CIRCUIT CONNECTOR右前制动油路接口RUGHT FRONT BRAKING CIRCUIT CONNECTOR制动主缸的随动腔油路接口SECONDARY CHAMBER CIRCUIT CONNECTOR,MASTER CYLINDER制动主缸的主动腔油路接口PRIMARY CHAMBER CIRCUIT CONNECTOR,MASTER CYLINDER内置式柱塞泵HYDRAULIC BIULT-IN PLUNGER PUMP电线插口TERMINALS自诊断接口SELF-DIAGNOSTIC INTERFACE螺栓BOLT制动钳支架CALIPER BRAKE ANCHOR摩擦块FRICTIONAL PADS活塞防尘罩DUST SEAL FOR PISTON制动钳壳体CALIPER HOUSING排气孔座BLEEDER BASE防尘帽DUST CAP排气螺丝BLEEDER浮动式FLOA TING TYPE未作用时INITIAL POSITION作用时APPLIED POSITION制动底板BRAKE CARRIER夹紧CLAMP PIN内六角螺钉SOCKET HEAD SCREW后制动轮缸REAR BRAKE WHEEL CYLINDER拉力弹簧TENSION SPRING支承销ANCHOR SPRING制动杆BRAKE LEVER弹性垫片SPRING WASHER制动蹄BRAKE SHOE压缩弹簧COMPRESSION SPRING弹簧座SPRING RETAINER下拉力弹簧LOWER TENSION SPRING压杆ORESSURE ROD上拉力弹簧UPPER TENSION SPRING带楔形支座的制动蹄BRAKE SHOE WITH WEDGE SEAT楔形块WEDGE BLOCK制动鼓BRAKE DRUM后轮轴REAR AXLE主缸缸体MASTER CYLINDER BODY第二活塞SECONDARY PISTON垂直定位销VERTICAL POSITIONING PIN密封圈SEAL RING水平定位销HORIZONTAL POSITIONING PIN第一活塞PRIMARY PISTON前壳体组件FRONT HOUSING UNIT皮膜DIAPHRAGM后壳体组件REAR HOUSING UNIT皮膜托板DIAPHRAGM PLA TE橡胶反作用盘RUBBER REACTION DISC操纵阀体CONTROL VALVE BODY推杆PUSH ROD操纵阀组件CONTROL V ALVE UNIT阀座V ALVE SEA T操纵阀柱塞PLUNGER,CONTROL V ALVE顶杆PRESSURE ROD顶杆塞PLUNGER,PRESSURE ROD皮膜回位弹簧RETURN SPRING,DIAPHRAGM中央阀CENTRAL V ALVE平稳块及夹子BALANCE WEIGHT & CLIP车轮饰板DECORA TIVE HUB COVER气门嘴AIR V ALVE铝合金轮辋ALUMINIUM ALLOY WHEEL RIM子午线轮胎RADIAL-PLY TYRE胎面层TREAD带束层(尼龙和钢丝各假设干层) BELT(NYLON TEXTILE AND STEEL WIRE, EACH FOR SEVERAL PLIES) 气密层AIRTIGHT LINER钢丝圈BEAD WIRES车轮螺栓WHEEL BOLT发动机罩ENGINE HOOD前柱FRONT PILLAR中柱CENTRAL PILLAR顶盖ROOF PANEL行李箱盖BAGGAGE COMPARTMENT LID后翼子板REAR FENDER后车门REAR DOOR前车门FRONT DOOR地板FRONT PANEL前翼子板FRONT FENDER前围FRONT WALL挡泥板和前纵梁MUDGUARD & FRONT LOGITUDINAL BEAM装饰性小孔DECORA TIVE BOX线束孔HARNESS INLET前车门开度限位器OPENING STOPPER, FRONT DOOR前车门焊接总成FRONT DOOR SHELL前车门铰链HINGE, FRONT DOOR后视镜REAR VISION MIRROR前车门电坚决窗机ELECTRIC WINDOW LIFTER, FRONT DOOR内拉手INTERIOR HANDLE门锁内扳手INTERIOR HANDLE, DOOR LOCK前车门窗玻璃WINDOW GLASS, FRONT DOOR门锁锁定按扭LOCKING KNOB, DOOR LOCK内扶手INTERIOR ARM REST后车门铰链HINGE, REAR DOOR后车门开度限位器OPENING STOPPER, REAR DOOR电坚决窗开关ELECTRIC WINDOW LIFTER SWITCH角度杠杆ANGULAR LEVER短锁杆SHORT LOCKING ROD车窗导槽密封条RUN-CHANNEL SEAL, WINDOW车门头道密封条DOOR SEAL车窗外侧密封条WASTLINE SEAL, WINDOW后车门焊接总成REAR DOOR SHELL后车门三角窗CORNER WINDOW, REAR DOOW外拉手开启锁RELEASING PIN, EXTERIOR HANDLE门锁DOOR LOCK门锁开启拉杆RELEASING ROD, DOOR LOCK长锁杆LONG LOCKING ROD后集控门锁电机CENTRALIZED CONTROL LOCK MOTOR, REAR DOOR窗玻璃托槽SUPPORTING BAR WITH GROOVE, WINDOW GLASS后车门装饰内板TRIM PANEL, REAR DOOR后车门电坚决窗机ELECTRIC WINDOW LIFTER, REAR DOOR后三角窗内饰板TRIM PANEL,REAR CORNER WINDOW后车门扶手ARM REST,REAR DOOR后车门内饰板TRIM PANEL,REAR DOOR中柱内饰板TRIM PANEL,CENTRAL PILLAR安全带SEA T BELT前车门内饰板TRIM PANEL,FRONT DOOR前车门扶手ARM REST,FRONT DOOR前车门内拉手INTERIOR HANDLE,FRONT DOOR转向盘STEERING WHEEL前柱内饰板TRIM PANEL,FRONT PILLAR外表板INSTRUMNET PANEL车门摇窗机操纵开关组CONTROL SWITCHES,WINDOW LIFTERS变速杆手球GEARSHIFT LEVER KNOB前座FRONT SEA T地毯FLOOR CARPET后座REAR SEA T门/窗密封条WEA THERSTRIP,DOOR/WINDOW通风口VENTILATION ORIFICE灯光及外表照明开关SWITCHES FOR LAMPS & INSTRUMENT PANEL LIGHTTING转向信号灯及前照灯变光拨杆开关LEVER SWITCH, TURNICATOR & HEADLAMP DIMMER 燃油表及信号灯FUEL INDICATOR & SIGNAL LIGHT冷却液温度表及信号灯COOLANT THERMOMETER & SIGNAL LIGHT车速及里程表SPEEDOMETER发动机转速表ENGINE TACHOMETER风窗刮水器与清洗器拨杆开关LEVER SWITCH, WIPER & WASHER, WINDSHIELD收放机RADIO CASSETTE PLAYER雾灯开关FOG LAMP SWITCH后风窗电加热器开关ELECTRIC HEATER SWITCH, REAR WINDSHIELD危险报警灯开关HAZARD WARNING LAMP SWITCH防盗器指示灯IMMOBILISER INDICA TOR LIGHTABS指示灯ABS INDICA TOR LIGHT通风口VENTILATION ORIFICE除霜风口DEFROSTING VENTILATION ORIFICE杂物箱GLOVE BOX除霜风门操纵键CONTROL KEY, DEFROSTING DAMPER通风方向操纵键CONTROL KEY, VENTILATING DIRECTION V ALVE温度调剂操纵键CONTROL KEY, TEMPERATURE ADJUSTMENT空调开关及风量旋钮A/C SWITCH & BLOWING RATE BUTTOM数字时钟DIGITAL CLOCK喇叭按钮HORN BUTTON小杂物箱SMALL GLOVE BOX头枕HEAD REST座椅靠背SEA T-BACK靠背骨架FRAME,SEA T-BACK安全带SEA T BELT靠背角度调剂旋钮ADJUSTING HANDLE,SEAT-BACK RAKE安全带锁扣BUCKLE,SEA T BELT坐垫SEA T CUSHION坐垫支左CARRIER,SEA T CUSHION座椅前后位置调剂机构ADJUSTING MECHANISM,LONGITUDINAL POSITION OFSEA T座椅前后位置调剂手柄ADJUSTING HANDLE,LONGITUDINAL POSITION OFSEAT雾灯开关FOG LAMP转向灯TURN SIGNAL LAMP组合前照灯COMBINA TION HEADLAMP散热器风扇RADIATOR FAN双音喇叭BITONE HORN空调压缩机A/C COMPRESSOR交流电发电机ALTERNATOR空调储液干燥器A/C RECEIVER-DRIER蓄电池BA TTERYABS 操纵单元与液压单元总成ABS ASSEMBLY COMPOSED OF CONTROL UNIT & HYDRAULIC UNIT起动机STARTER带输出驱动级的双火花点火线圈组件DOUBLE-SPARK IGNITION TRANSFORMER UNIT WITH OUTPUT DRIVER STAGE风窗清洗也电动泵ELECTRIC PUMP,WINDSHIELD WASHER冷却液液位传感器COOLANT LEVEL SENSORMOTRONIC 发动机操纵单元MOTRONIC ENGINE CONTROL UNIT空调、暖风用鼓风机BLOWER,A/C & HEA TING SYSTEN制动液液位传感器BRAKE FLUID LEVEL SENSOR风窗刮水器电机ELECTRIC MOEOTR,WINDSHIED WIPER暖风与空调操纵器CONTROLLER,HEATING & A/C DEVICES中央接线盒CENTRAL CABLE CONNECTOR自动升降天线AUTO ELEV AING ANTENNA扬声器LOUDSPEAKER组合外表COMBINA TION METER收放机RADIO CASSETTE PLAYER内顶灯INTERIOR DOME LAMP阅读灯READING LAMP车轮转速传感器WHEEL-SPEED SENSOR前摇窗机电机ELECTRIC MOTOR,FRONT WINDOW LIFTER外后视镜电动调剂开关ELECTRIC ADJUSTING KNOB,EXTERIOR REAR VISION MIRROR集控锁操纵器CENTRALIZED CONTROL LOCK CONTROLLER车门接触开关CONTACT SWITCH,DOOR后摇窗机电机ELECTRIC MOTOR,REAR WINDOW LIFTER摇窗机开关WINDOW LIFTER SWITCH燃油泵FUEL PUMP燃油箱油面传感器FUEL LEVELSENSOR,FUEL TANK后门集控锁电机CENTRALIZED CONTROL LOCK MOTOR, REAR DOOR组合后灯COMBINA TION TAIL LAMP后风窗电加热器ELECTRIC HEA TER, REAR WINDSHIELD防盗器操纵单元IMMOBILISER CONTROL UNIT带轮PULLEY轴SHAFT轴承BEARING电刷BRUSH后罩盖REAR COVER调剂器组件REGULA TOR UNIT集流环COLLECTING RING后端盖REAR HOUSING转子ROTOR定子STA TOR前端盖FRONT HOUSING风扇FAN拨叉SHIFT LEVER电磁开关组件SOLENOID SWITCH UNIT电枢ARMATURE壳体HOUSING超越离合器FREEWHEELING CLUTCH后盖REAR COVER线路板PLA TED CIRCUITS导光板PHOTOCONDUCT PLA TE冷却液不足警示指示灯WARNING INDICATOR LIGHT,COOLANT UNDER-CAPACITY后风窗电加热器指示灯INDICATOR LIGHT,ELECTRIC HEA TER,REAR WINDSHIELD前照灯指示灯INDICA TOR LIGHT,HEADLAMP充电不足指示灯WARNING INDICATOR LIGHT,INADEQUATE CHARGING机油压力警告指示灯WARNING INDICATOR LIGHT,OIL PRESSURE制动系统故障及驻车制动指示灯WARNING INDICATOR LIGHT,PARKING BRAKE & BRAKING SYSTEM TROUBLES数字时钟调整钮SETTING KNOB FOR DIGITAL CLOCK透亮护板VISOR外表框FRAME〝D〞管〝D〞HOSE消声器SILENCERS〝S〞管〝S〞HOSE蒸发箱EV APORA TOR进风罩SUCTION CANAL暖风装置的热交换器HEA T EXCHANGER〝L〞管〝L〞HOSE储液干燥器RECEIVER-DRIER〝C〞管〝C〞PIPE冷凝器CONDENSER蒸发器EV APORA TOR进风罩过滤网FILTER NET,SUCTION CANAL进风风门AIR INLET DAMPER真空阀V ACUUM V ALVE进风罩SUCTION CANAL鼓风机BLOWER空气分布箱AIR DISTRIBUTOR暖风阀HEA TING V ALVE足部出风风门FOOTWELL DAMPER操纵装置CONTROL DEVICE空调开关A/C SWITCH风量旋钮BLOWING RATE BUTTON通风方向操纵键CONTROL KEY,VENTILATING DIRECTION V ALVE温度调剂操纵键CONTROL KEY,TEMPERA TURE ADJUSTMENT除箱风门操纵键CONTROL KEY,DEFORSTING DAMPER除箱风门DEFORSTING DAMPER外表板出风口AIRFLOW OUTLET,INSTRUMENT PANEL加热器芯HEA TER CORE出水口WA TER INLET进水口WA TER OUTLET制冷剂出口REFRIGERANT OUTLET制冷剂进口REFRIGERANT INLET膨胀阀EXPANSION V ALVE蒸发器芯EV APORA TOR CORE温控器THERMOSTAT进风罩滤网SUCTION CANAL FILTER进风罩SUCTION CANAL车厢温度开关CABIN TEMPERA TURE SWITCH输液管TRANSFER TUBE弹簧SPRING多孔盖板CAP PLA TE WITH HOLES罐体BODY杯壳〔底多孔〕CUPPED SHELL WITH HOLES A T BOTTOM干燥剂DRIER连接管CONNECTING TUBE过滤布FILTER CLOTH胶垫RUBBER MA T滤网STRAINER SCREEN制冷剂充注阀CHARGING V ALVE FOR REFRIGERANT高低压力开关LOW & HIGH PRESSURE SWITCH出口OUTLET观看窗SIGHT GLASS易熔塞FUSIBLE PLUG进口INLET支架HOLDER推力轴承THRUST BEARING斜盘WOBBLE PLATE注油塞OIL FILL PLUG连杆CONNECTING ROD进出接口INLET & OUTLET CONNECTORS头盖HEAD HOUSING阀片限位板V ALVE RETAINER排气阀片DISPLACING V ALVE阀板V ALVE PLATE吸气阀片SUCTION V ALVE活塞PISTON固定锥齿轮FIXED BEVEL GEAR带锥齿轮的行星盘PLANET PLA TE WITH A BEVEL GEAR密封圈SEAL RING线圈COIL多楔带带轮MULTI -WEDGE BELT PULLEY电磁离合器ELECTROMAGNETIC CLUTCH吸盘ARMATURE PLATE前照灯反射镜REFLECTOR,HEADLAMP驻车灯灯泡BULB,PARKING LAMP〔12V,60/55W〕调光螺铨ADJUSTING BOLT遮光罩LIGHT SHIELD前转向灯灯泡BULB,FRONT TURN SIGNAL LAMP〔12V,21W〕前转向灯配光镜LENS,FRONT TURN SIGNAL LAMP前照灯配光镜LENS,HEADLAMP后转向灯REAR TURN SIGNAL LAMP后转向灯配光镜LENS,REAR TURN SIGNAL LAMP后转向灯灯泡BULB,REAR TURN SIGNAL LAMP制动/尾灯灯泡BULB,STOP/TAIL LAMP〔12V,21/5W〕倒车灯灯泡BACK-UP LAMP〔12V,21W〕后雾灯灯泡BULB,REAR FOG LAMP〔12V,55W〕后雾灯REAR FOG LAMP制动/尾灯STOP/TAIL LAMP雾灯反射镜REFLECTOR,FOG LAMP雾灯配光镜LENS,FOG LAMP雾灯灯泡BULB,FOG LAMP〔12V,55W〕转向灯开关与前照灯变光开关的操作手柄OPERA TING HAND LEVER,TURN SIGNAL LAMP SWITCH & HEADLAMP DIMMER SWITCH转向灯开关组件TURN SIGNAL LAMP SWITCH UNIT刮水、清洗、变光开关组件WIPING,WASHING & DIMMING SWITCH UNIT组合开关座体BODY,COMBINATION SWITCH点火与起动开关IGNITION & STARING SWITCH锁舌LOCKING DOG点火、起动、转向轴锁的锁芯LOCK CORE FOR IGNITING,STARING & STEERING SHAFT LOCKING刮水器与清洗器开关的操作手柄OPERA TING HAND LEVER,WIPER & WASHER SWITCH支销FULCRUM PIN转向定位销TURN POSITIONER刮水速度档位定位销POSITIONER FOR WIPING SPEED STAGE脉冲转发器TRANSPONDER汽车钥匙CAR KEY识读线圈READER COIL接插件CONNECTOR制动灯STOP LAMP点烟器、集控门锁、数字钟、内顶灯、后阅读灯、行李箱灯遮阳板灯CIGAR LIGHTER,CENTRAL LOCK,DIGITAL CLOCK,INTERIOR DOME LAMP,REAR READING LAMP,BAGGAGE COMPARTMENT LAMP,SUN VISOR LAMP 危险报警灯HAZARD WARNING LAMP左尾灯、左前驻车灯LEFT TAIL LAMP,LEFT FRONT PARKING LAMP右尾灯、右前驻车灯、发动机舱照明灯RIGHT TAIL LAMP,RIGHT FRONT PARKING LAMP,ENGINE CONPARTMENT LAMP前雾灯FRONT FOG LAMP散热风扇RADIATOR FAN危险报警器HAZARD WARNING LAMP右前照灯〔远光〕RIGHT HEADLAMP (MAIN BEAM)左前照灯〔远光〕LEAF HEADLAMP(MAIN BEAM)前风窗刮水器、清洁器WIPER& WASHER ,FRONT WINDSHIELD电坚决窗开关 ABS操纵单元WINDOW LIFTERS,ABS CONTROLUNIT后风窗除霜器〔即电加热器〕DEFROSTER (I.E. ELECTRIC HEATER),REAR WINDSHIELD空调继热器A/C RELAY倒车灯、车速传感器BACK-UP LAMPS,SPEED SENSOR喇叭HORN喇叭继电器、灯光开关、ABS指示灯HORN RELAY,LIGHTS SWITCH,ABS INDICA TOR LIGHT收放机、转向灯、防盗器操纵单元RADIO CASSETTE PLAYER,TURN SIGNAL LAMP,IMMOBILISER CONTROL UNIT牌照灯、杂物箱照明灯LICENSE LAMP,GLOVE BOX LAMP左前照灯〔近光〕LIFT HEADLAMP(LOWER BEAM)右前照灯〔近光〕RIGHT HEADLAMP(LOWER BEAM)喷油器、空气质量计、活性炭罐电磁阀、氧传感器加热器INJECTORS,AIR MASS METER,CHARCOAL CANISTER-PURGE V ALVE,LAMBDA SENSOR HEATER后雾灯REAR FOG LAMP电坚决窗机热爱护器OVER-TEMPERA TURE PROTECTIOM SYSTEM,WINDOW LIFTERS空调鼓风机电动机A/C BLOWER MOTOR电动后视镜ELECTRIC EXTERIOR REAR VISION MIRRORSABS液压泵ABS HYDRAULIC PUMPABS电磁阀ABS SOLENOID V ALVES空位V ACANCY燃油泵继电器〔顶端识别号位167〕FUEL PUMP RELAY(THE DISCERNING FIGURE AT TOP IS 167)冷却液液位继电器〔顶端识别号为42a) COOLANT LEBEL RELAY(THE DISCERNING FIGURE IS 42a)空调继电器〔顶端识别号为13〕A/C RELAY 〔THE DISCERNING FIGURE AT TOP IS 13〕喇叭继电器〔顶端识别号为53〕HORN RELAY(THE DISCERNING FIGURE AT TOP IS 53)雾灯继电器〔顶端识别号为15〕FOG LAMP TELAY (THE DISCERNING FIGURE A T TOP IS 15)X-接触继电器〔顶端识别号为18〕X-CONTACT RELAY (THE DISCERNING FIGURE A T TOP IS 18)放熔断丝装卸工具的孔SEA T FOR MOUNTING TOOL OF FUSES刮水器继电器〔顶端识别号为19〕WIPER RELAY (THE DISCERNING FIGURE A T TOP IS19)转向灯继电器〔顶端识别号为21〕TURN SIGNAL LAMP RELAY (THE DISCERNING FIGURE AT TOP IS 21)诊断线接口DIAGNOSTIC CABLE INTERFACE摇窗机自动下降继电器〔顶端识别号为ZBC 959 753 A〕RELAY FOR WINDOW LIFTERS ONAUTO-DESCENDING(THE DISCERNING FIGURE AT TOP IS 为ZBC 959 753 A)摇窗机延时继电器〔顶端识别号为ZBC 959 753〕TIME-LAG RELAY, WINDOW LIFTERS(THE DISCERNING FIGURE AT TOP IS ZBC 959 753〕内顶灯延时继电器〔顶端识别号为ZBC 955 531〕TIME-LAG RELAY,INTERIOR DOME LAMP (THE DISCERNING FIGURE AT TOP IS ZBC 959 753压缩机切断继电器〔顶端识别号为147〕A/C COMPRESSOR CUT-OFF RELAY (THE DISCERNING FIGURE A T TOP IS 147 )外表板线束I HARNESS I FOR INSTRUMENT PANEL外表板线束II HARNESS II FOR INSTRUMENT PANEL前照灯线束HARNESS FOR HEADLAMP发动机舱线束HARNESS FOR ENGINE COMPARTMENT车身后部线束HARNESS FOR REAR PART OF BODY连接单个插头FOR SINGLE PLUG空调线束HARNESS FOR A/C喇叭继电器线束HARNESS FOR HORN RELAY单个插座FOR SINGLE PLUG蓄电池BA TTERY交流发电机ALTERNA TOR油压开关(180千帕) OIL PRESSURE SWITCH (180KPa)散热器风扇热敏开关THERMAI SWITCH,RADIA TOR FAN油压开关(25千帕) OIL PRESSURE SWITCH (25Pa )储液干燥器压力开关PRESSURE SWITCH ,RECEIVER-DRIER空调水温操纵开关A/C WATER TEMPERA TURE CONTROL SWITCH冷却液温度表传感器COOLANT THERMOMETER SENSOR车速传感器ROAD SPEED SENSOR发动机转速传感器ENGINE SPEED SENSOR右后轮转速传感器RIGHT REAR WHEEL-SPEED SENSOR右前轮转速传感器RIGHT FRONT WHEEL-SPEED SENSOR左前轮转速传感器LEFT FRONT WHEEL-SPEED SENSOR第1、2缸爆震传感器KNOCK SENSOR FOR 1SD & 2ND CYLINDERS第3、4缸爆震传感器KNOCK SENSOR FOR 3RD& 4TH CYLINDERSABS操纵单元ABS CONTROL UNIT散热风扇操纵器RADIATOR FAN MODULE节气门操纵部件THROTTLE V ALVE CONTROL UNIT左前照灯LEFT HEADLAMP右前照灯RIGHT HEADLAMP左前雾灯LEFT FRONT FOG LAMP右前雾灯RIGHT FRONT FOG LAMP左驻车灯LEFT PARKING LAMP右驻车灯RIGHT PARKING LAMP左前转向灯LEFT FRONT TURE SIGNAL LAMP右前转向灯RIGHT FRONT TURE SIGNAL LAMP发动机舱照明灯ENGINE COMPARTMENT LAMP第1缸喷油器FUEL INJECTOR,1ST CYLINDER第2缸喷油器FUEL INJECTOR,2ND CYLINDER第3缸喷油器FUEL INJECTOR ,3RD CYLINDER第4缸喷油器FUEL INJECTOR ,4TH CYLINDER前风窗清水泵WASHER PUMP, FRONT WINDSHIDLD左散热风器LEFT RADIA TOR FAN右散热风器RIGHT TADIA TOR FAN点火开关IGNITION SWITCH转向灯开关TURE SIGNAL LAMP SWITCH危险报警灯开关HAZARD WARNING LAMP SWITCH变光开关DIMMER SWITCH风量开关BLOWING RATE SWITCH后风窗除霜器开关DEFROSTER SWITCH ,REAR WINDSHIELD前风窗清洗泵开关WASHER PUMP SWITCH ,FRONT WINDSHIELD前风窗刮水器开关WIPER SWITCH ,FRONT WINDSHIELD空调开关A/C SWITCH冷量开关REFRIGERA TING CAPACITY SWITCH制动灯开关STOP LAMP SWITCH倒车灯开关BACK-UP LAMP SWITCH驻车制动指示灯开关INDICA TOR LIGHT SWITCH ,PARKING BRAKE杂物箱照明接触开关CONTACT SWITCH ,GLOVE-BOX LAMP危险报警灯指示灯HARZARD WARNING INDICATOR LIGHTABC指示灯ABC INDICA TOR LIGHT防盗器指示灯IMMOBILISER INDICA TOR LIGHT杂物照明灯GLOVE- BOX LAMP空调操纵面板照明灯ILLUMINATING LIGHT A/C CONTROL PANEL鼓风机减速电阻DECELERATING RESISTANCE,BLOWER进风门电磁阀ELECTROMAGNETIC V ALVE,AIR INLET DAMPER左前扬声器LEFT FRONT LOUDSPEAKER右前扬声器RIGHT FRONT LOUDSPEAKERR左后扬声器LEFT REAR LOUDSPEAKER右后扬声器RIGHT REAR LOUDSPEAKER点烟器CIGAR LIGHTER前风窗刮水器电机WIPER MOTOR ,FRONT WINDSHIELD鼓风机BLOWER后门摇窗机可锁定安全开关LOCKABLE SAFETY SWITCH ,REAR WINDOW LIFRERS左前摇窗机开关LEFT FRONT WINDOW LIFTER SWITCH右前摇窗机开关 RIGHT FRONT WINDOW LIFTER SWITCH电动后视镜调剂开关ADJUSTING SWITCH,ELECTRIC REAR VISION MIRROR左后摇窗机开关LEFT REAR WINDOW LIFTER SWITCH左后门上摇窗机开关WINDOW LIFTER SWITCH A T LEFT REAR DOOR右后摇窗机开关RIGHT REAR WINDOW LIFTER SWITCH右后门上摇窗机开关WINDOW LIFTER SWITCH A T RIGHT REAR DOOR左前门上内顶灯接触开关CONTRACT SWITCH ,INTERIOR DOME LAMP, LEFT FRONT DOOR右前门上内顶灯接触开关CONTRACT SWITCH ,INTERIOR DOME LAMP, RIGHT FRONT DOOR行李箱照明灯接触开关CONTRACT SWITCH ,BAGGAGE COMPARTMENT LAMP左后阅读灯接触开关CONTRACT SWITCH ,LEFT REAR READING LAMP右后阅读灯接触开关CONTRACT SWITCH ,RIGHT REAR READING LAMP燃油表传感器FUEL INDICA TOR SENSOR燃油泵FUEL PUMP集控门锁操纵器CONTROLLER,CENTRALIZED CONTROL LOCK左前摇窗机电机LEFT FRONT WINDOW LIFTER MOTOR右前摇窗机电机RIGHT FRONT WINDOW LIFTER MOTOR左后摇窗机电机LEFT REAR WINDOW LIFTER MOTOR右后摇窗机电机RIGHT REAR WINDOW LIFTER MOTOR右前集倥锁电机RIGHT FRONT CENTRALIZED CONTROL LOCK MOTOR左后集倥锁电机LEFT REAR CENTRALIZED CONTROL LOCK MOTOR右后集倥锁电机RIGHT REAR CENTRALIZED CONTROL LOCK MOTOR左电动后视镜左右调剂电机HORIZONTAL ADJUSTING MOTOR ,LEFT ELECTRIC REAR VISION MIRROR 左电动后视镜上下调剂电机VERTICAL ADJUSTING MOTOR ,LEFT ELECTRIC REAR VISION MIRROR右电动后视镜左右调剂电机HORIZONTAL ADJUSTING MOTOR ,RIGHT ELECTRIC REAR VISION MIRROR 右电动后视镜上下调剂电机VERTICAL ADJUSTING MOTOR ,RIGHT ELECTRIC REAR VISION MIRROR行李箱照明灯BAGGAGE COMPARTMENT LAMP遮阳板灯SUN VISOR LAMP左后阅读灯LEFT REAR READING LAMP右后阅读灯RIGHT REAR READING LAMP牌照灯LICENSE LAMP。

变速箱换挡叉的加工工艺及夹具设计模板

变速箱换挡叉的加工工艺及夹具设计模板

变速箱换挡叉的加工工艺及夹具设计模板1毕业设计( 论文)变速箱换挡叉的加工工艺及夹具设计a摘要本次设计内容涉及了机械制造工艺及机床夹具设计、金属切削机床、公差配合与测量等多方面的知识。

拨叉的加工工艺规程及其铣叉口面与钻mmΦ孔的夹8.15具设计是包括零件加工的工艺设计、工序设计以及专用夹具的设计三部分。

铣叉口面以mmΦ孔及其端面作为来定位8.15基准, 以工件的另外一个端面作为辅助基准, 实现工件的完全定位, 夹紧则是经过调节螺母来实现; 钻mmΦ孔以其端面158.作为定位基准, 夹紧则是由快换垫圈、螺母、心轴等组成。

关键词: 夹紧定位基准iAbstractThe design of the content relates to the machinery manufacturing technology and machine tool fixture design, metal cutting machine tool, tolerance and measuring and other aspects of knowledge.Fork processing procedures and milling fork and drill Φ hole of fixture design is including machining 15mm8.process design, process design and fixture design in three parts. Milling fork with diameter mmΦ hole and end as to8.15the locating datum to the workpiece, another end as auxiliary reference, realize the workpiece positioning, clamping is realized through adjusting nut; drill mmΦ158. hole and its face as a positioning reference, to achieve workpiece positioning, clamping is fast changing washer, nut, the mandrel.Key words:clamping positioning datumii目录摘要..................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

变速箱换挡叉的加工工艺及夹具设计(中英文文献)

变速箱换挡叉的加工工艺及夹具设计(中英文文献)

毕业论文附件材料目录1 英文文献翻译 (1)1.1 Shift gearbox (1)1.2 变速箱的换挡方式 (12)1 英文文献翻译1.1 Shift gearboxClassification usually gearbox as follows:Manual transmissionThe general automatic gearbox / mon automatic transmission with tiptronicCVT stepless gearbox with gear box of the /CVTDual clutch gearboxSequential gearbox(1) manual gearboxManual transmission, also known as manual gear, English name is manual transmission, referred to as MT, which push the shift lever to change gears meshing position inside the transmission, changing the transmission ratio, so as to achieve the purpose of speed. Step on the clutch, can move the shift lever.The working principle of a manual gearboxThe manual gear box is posed of different gear ratio of the gear group, its basic principle is through the gear group work in different, to realize the transformation of gear ratio. As the key link for power distribution, transmission must have the power input shaft and the output shaft of the big two, together constitute the transmission gear, is a manual transmission is the most basic ponent. The power input is connected with the clutch shaft clutch transmission, from the power to directly through the input shaft to the group, the gear set is posed of different diameter gear, gear power transmission effectof different proportion reached is pletely different, the usual shift driving also refers to change gear ratio.Next, let us through a simple model to tell you, the principle of manual gearbox shift. Below is a simple structural model of 3 axis 2 speed gearbox.The input shaft (green) is also called the first shaft, connected by a clutch and engine, shaft and the gear is a hard connected ponents. Red is called the intermediate gear shaft. Enter the two gear shaft and intermediate shaft is in constant mesh state, so when the input shaft rotates will drive shaft rotation. Yellow is the output shaft, it is also called the second shafts and connected to the drive shaft (only for rear wheel drive, the precursor is generally two), and then through the differential drive vehicles.When the wheel rotates the same with spline shaft to rotate together, at this time,blue gear shaft can occur on the spline shaft relative free rotation. Therefore, the engine stops, and the wheel is rotated, the blue gear and shaft in the stationary state, and the spline shaft with wheels. The principle and the rear axle of the bicycle flywheel is similar. Blue gear and spline shaft is posed of a sleeve to connect, sleeve with spline shaft to rotate, but also can be free to slide on the spline shaft to gear.With these, the shifting process is very good understanding, when connecting sleeve and a blue gear, engine power will be transmitted to the output shaft through the shaft, at the same time, blue gear left in free rotation, but because there is no and sleeve engaged, so it does not affect the spline shaft. If the sleeve between the two blue gear, the gearbox in neutral position, the two blue gear on the spline shaft rotate freely, without mutual interference.Principle of a conventional 5 speed manual gearbox shift is the same, only thegearbox structure increased the number of sleeve and the gear sets, so that it has more gear. But the reverse is based on the intermediate shaft (red) and the output shaft (blue) is added between a gear to achieve. Due to the increase of a gear, the reverse gear will always rotate toward other gear in the opposite direction. The gear because only to change gear rotation direction function, so it is also called the idler.5 block two shaft transmission structure, the input shaft and the driving gear are integrated into a whole, simplifies the structure and saves spaceIn addition to the traditional three axis manual gearbox, the widespread use of cars is two axis manual transmission, its structure and the three shaft of the gearbox is similar, only the input shaft and intermediate shaft as a shaft, therefore has the advantages of simple structure, small size advantages, in addition, it also has the middle gear transmission high efficiency, and low noise characteristics, so it is more suitable to be theprecursor home car general car transmission form, is currently the most widely used, its shortings is not set up direct gear, transmission and file than the design cannot be too high. While driving, three shaft gearbox used is still the traditional.Manual gearbox in general, is through the push rod is connected or cable to control the shift. Push rod shift control connection, more direct but vibration will be large; and the cable type although no vibration, but the shift is not very clear, it is each to have good and bad. In addition to shift the two pure mechanical control, in addition, and the use of electronic shift device of manual transmission, which can bine the merits of push and pull the shift between the good. This kind of gear box in the shift when the gear shift lever, shifting to the corresponding gear, the transmission will be motor drive the corresponding fork control sleeve and the gear is engaged, so that there is no gear is not clear, but the shift schedule can be controlled in the ideal range.So, a good manual transmission need to have what characteristic? The first transmission must have good gear handle, each gear position clear, have reasonable horizontal and vertical stroke, into the block resistance is small and with suction. What is more important is, the gear tooth between than arrangement must be reasonable. Because each gear position than distribution, directly affect the cohesion power vehicles moving in a smooth, usually require a low gear can effectively accelerate, high block to achieve high speed and efficient, and the distance between each block should be uniform, otherwise will be very easy to cause the channeling shift when the car.Analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of manual gearboxAdvantages Obviously, which is simple in structure, reliable performance,manufacturing and maintenance cost is low, and the transmission efficiency is high (theory will be more fuel-efficient), also, because it is pure mechanical control, shift reaction is fast, and can be more direct expression of driver's intention, and therefore more driving pleasure, these are the advantages of manual gearbox. But pared to automatic transmission, its operation is plicated, and frustration in gear switch when the obvious disadvantage is irreparable.(2) automatic gearboxAutomatic transmission AT, the full name of Auto Transmission, which is posed of hydraulic torque converter, posed of planetary gear and hydraulic control system, through the hydraulic transmission and gear bination to achieve variable speed moment.pared with the manual transmission, automatic transmission is very different in structure and usage. The manual is mainly regulated by different gear bination to change gear, and the automatic transmission is through the hydraulic transmission and gear bination to achieve the purpose of changing speed. Hydraulic torque converter is one of the most characteristic of the automatic gearbox parts, which is posed of a pump, turbine and guide wheel and other ponents, pump wheel and turbine is a bination of work, through the liquid pump wheel drives the turbine to rotate, and the wheel between the pump and turbine wheel through the reaction between the pump wheel and turbine implementation the speed difference and implementation of variable torque function, the driver, you only need to different intensity slam the pedal, the gearbox can automatically stop lifting. Since the torque converter automatic transmission torque range is not big enough, so in a later series several rows of planetary gear to improve efficiency, thehydraulic control system will change with the engine to manipulate the planetary gear, so as to realize the automatic transmission torque. In order to meet a variety of running process needs (such as parking, reversing), automatic transmission also has some manual shift lever position, like the P block (R block (anchor), after the block), block N (neutral), D (forward), block.From the performance that the more gear automatic gearbox, the car in the process of running more smoothly, acceleration is better, and more fuel-efficient. In addition to providing a fortable driving feeling, automatic transmission also has insurmountable defects. Dynamic automatic transmission response is not directly, which makes it in the "driving pleasure" slightly shortage. In addition, because of the use of hydraulic transmission, the automatic transmission gearbox transmission power loss.Tiptronic automatic transmissionHands appeared gearbox is in order to improve the automatic gearbox and operating economy and increase the setting, let the original puter automatic shift time back into the hands of drivers. At the same time, if in the city traffic in, or you can always switch back to automatic.A tiptronic automatic transmission is actually automatic gearbox, first appeared in a Porsche 911, manual gearbox electronic control system through the simulation of the operation of a manual gearbox. It appears, giving the driver a greater degree of freedom in the operation, can block up the blocking or shift paddles on the steering wheel to choose their own gear and shift the timing right, thereby greatly improving the driving pleasure.(3) CTV non-polar transmissionCVT (Continuously Variable Transmission), direct translation is a continuously variable transmission, which is continuously variable transmission. We often say, just as its name implies is that there is no clear and specific file, which operate on similar automatic gearbox, gear jump process but the ratio change is different from the automatic gearbox, but a continuous, so the power transmission continues smooth.CVT transmission system, the traditional gear by a pair of pulleys and a steel belt is replaced, each block is V structure is posed of two intervertebral disk, engine shaft is connected through a small pulley, steel belt drive pulley. Mystery lies in this special pulley: drive pulley structures CVT strange activity, divided into halves, can be close to or separate relative. Cone disc can tighten or open the thrust hydraulic, extrusion sheet steel chain so as to adjust the V slot width. When the cone disc inside mobile tightened, steel chain in the extrusion cones to center outside of the direction of movement (centrifugal direction), but moving to the center of the circle. In this way, steel chain drives the disc diameter increases, the transmission ratio is changed.The CVT gearbox what are the advantages?1, because there is no general automatic transmission gear, there will be no shift process of automatic transmission, shift the resulting sense of frustration will disappear, so the power output of CVT gearbox is linear, in actual driving very smooth.Theory of transmission system of 2 CVT, the gear can be an unlimited number of gear set, more freedom, the traditional transmission gear ratio, speed ratio and performance, fuel consumption, exhaust emissions balance, are more likely to achieve.3, the mechanical efficiency of CVT transmission, the province is oily considerably better than the automatic transmission mon, after manual gearbox, fuel economy is much better than.Since there are so many advantages, why not let all the cars using CVT gearbox? There are two factors:1, pared with the traditional automatic transmission, its cost is high; and the operation is undeserved word, the higher probability.2, CVT gearbox itself still has its shortings, is the transmission of the steel belt can withstand strength is limited, generally more than 2.8L capacity or power above 280N • M is its limit, but we also see that there are more and more cars such as Audi, or Nissan, has broken the limit, believe strip the problem will be solved gradually.(4) dual clutch gearboxDual clutch gearbox DCT, English name is Dual Clutch Transmission, because it has two clutches, so called "dual clutch transmission".Technology introducedDual clutch gearbox bines the advantages of manual transmission and automatic transmission, no torque converter, instead of using two sets of clutch, through two sets of clutch alternately work, to achieve seamless shift effect. Two clutches respectively control the odd block and even block, that is to say, in the shift before, DSG had the next gear meshing, after shifting instruction, DSG quickly sends instructions to the engine, the engine speed increases, the previous meshing gears quickly, while the first group of clutch fully liberalized, the pletion of a rise to block the action time, action andso on.Because without the torque converter, so the power of the engine can be fully played out, while the two clutch alternately work, shift time making, dynamic fault engine may be very limited. As the driver is the feeling that we are the most direct, switch gear action very quickly and smoothly, dynamic transmission process of almost uninterrupted, vehicle dynamic performance can be fully play. pared with the traditional automatic transmission with torque converter, the DSG shift more directly, the power loss is smaller, so the fuel consumption can be reduced by more than 10%.DeficienciesHowever, with the traditional automatic transmission ratio, DSG also has some inherent disadvantages, firstly it is because there is no use hydraulic torque converter, nor realize manual transmission "linkage" action, so for the small-displacement engine, low speed torque characteristic is not enough to be pletely exposed; secondly, because the DSG transmission using puter control, belonging to an intelligent transmission, it needs to send electronic signals to the engine block in the process of falling in the L /, the engine after reply, and the engine to be pleted with L / reduction gear. A large number of electronic ponents, but also increases the probability of its failure.The dual clutch mon with Volkswagen's DSG, Ford Powershift, Mitsubishi SST and Porsche PDK.(5) sequential gearboxSequential gearbox (AMT) is improved on the traditional manual gear transmission based on; it bines hydromechatronics automatic transmission has the advantages of bothAT and MT; AMT has the advantages of automatic transmission mon automatic transmission, and the retention efficiency of the original manual transmission gear transmission, the high cost of low, simple structure, easy manufacture. It is the reform in the present manual transmission, retained most of the original assembly, only to change the shift lever manual operating system part, the production of succession, to transform the input costs less, is very easy to be manufacturers to accept.The driver through the accelerator pedal and joystick to the electronic control unit (ECU) control signal transmission; electronic control unit collects the engine speed sensor, the speed sensor signal, the time to master the running state of the vehicle; electronic control unit (ECU) based on the best program according to these signals stored therein, optimal shifting rules, clutch fuzzy control rules engine oil, adaptive control law, action and temporal separation of the engine, clutch and transmission shift binding, the three to achieve the best matching. In order to obtain the excellent fuel economy and power performance and ability to smooth start and rapid shift, in order to achieve the desired results.But the AMT transmission is not perfect, the biggest disadvantage of AMT gearbox is shifting fort is poor, and generate power interruption in the process of shifting, the shift in the process of speed performance is not good.AMT mechanical gearbox, its basic structure and conventional manual gearbox consistent, generally only one input shaft and an output shaft (RWD usually a middle shaft), which generally is the input shaft 5 forward gear and output shaft gear is in constant mesh state, wherein the output shaft of the 1 gear and a reverse gear, 2 blockand the 3 block, 4 block and 5 block were shared by the three shift fork. The mechanism of two adjacent gear with a shifting mechanism, when the shift action, fork need once upon a gear defect, through neutral to the next gear gear meshing, due to three actions is the order, even if each action will be the time to a minimum, is still very difficult to obtain the shift speed fast enough."Independent innovation shift fork"The ISR gearbox has a unique structure, the gear arrangement it is different with the traditional AMT gearbox, also different from the dual clutch gearbox. The use of four independent shift fork, two stalls adjacent to the gear shift fork is posed of different control. Four independent fork respectively control 1 gear and reverse gear; block 3 and block 5, block 2 and block 4, block 6 and block 7, that is to say, from 1 until 6 block, two adjacent stalls are posed of two independent fork to respectively control.Because of this design, the shifting process can be further shortened: when two adjacent gear to gear switch, a shift fork and the current gear gear detachment, another gear meshing has already started, and a shift fork action and activates the electronic clutch three, because the action is almost synchronously, so that the whole time shorten. Lamborghini is pared originally claimed, performance is very good before the generation of the E-gear sequential gearbox, shift speed upgrade 40%, shift speed of 50 milliseconds is close to F1 gearbox level.Gear shift mechanism of ISR is driven by the electric hydraulic pump, a maximum of 60 bar pressure ensures the necessary operating speed, 7 hydraulic valve controls the gear shift mechanism of action, and the electric pump to provide power, double plateclutch tough also driven by hydraulic pressure, will be responsible for the torque of the 690Nm transmitted to the four wheels. Synchronizer gear ring is made from carbon fiber, not only wear but also reduce the overall quality of the gearbox.In the design process, the transmission is not only fast, shift quality is equally important, VOCIS design control procedure is also fully take into account the daily driving fort. The gearbox can choose three kinds of work modes: Strada (Road) or full automatic mode can provide fortable for shift operation oriented; Sport (motion) mode will postpone shifting node and provides a more rapid gear switch; Corsa (track) model can provide the best track shift strategy, the model can also provide the starting control, also is the ejection start function.1.2 变速箱的换挡方式通常变速箱的分类为以下几种:手动变速箱普通自动变速箱/普通自动变速箱带手自一体CVT无级变速箱/CVT带挡位的变速箱双离合变速箱序列变速箱(1) 手动变速箱手动变速器,也称手动挡,英文全称为manual transmission,简称MT,即用手拨动变速杆才能改变变速器内的齿轮啮合位置,改变传动比,从而到达变速的目的。

拖拉机倒档拨叉的机械加工工艺规程及专用夹具设计

拖拉机倒档拨叉的机械加工工艺规程及专用夹具设计

任务书设计题目:“倒档拨叉”零件机械加工工艺规程及工艺装备设计设计要求:1. 制订零件机械加工工艺,填写机械加工工艺过程卡一张,设计夹具工序的工序卡一张2. 设计指定工序的专用夹具一套,绘制夹具装配图及零件图3. 编写机械制造工艺课程设计说明书一份,不少于2万字设计内容:1. 对零件进行工艺分析,绘制零件图2. 选择毛坯制造方式3. 制订零件机械加工工艺路线4. 指定工艺装备设计5. 编写设计说明书班级:学生:指导教师:系主任:20**年9月6日目录序言 (1)一. 零件的分析 (2)1.1 零件的作用 (2)1.2 零件的工艺分析 (2)二、工艺规程设计 (3)2.1确定毛坯的制造形式 (3)2.2毛坯设计 (4)2.3基面的选择 (5)2.4制订工艺路线 (6)2.5机械加工余量,工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定 (9)2.5确定切削用量及基本工时 (10)三、夹具设计 (18)3.1问题的提出 (18)3.2定位基准的选择 (19)3.3切削力及加紧力的计算 (20)3.4定位误差的分析 (21)3.5加紧元件的强度校核 (21)3.6夹具设计及操作的简要说明 (23)参考文献 (25)序言机械制造工艺学课程设计是我们学完了大学的全部基础课、技术基础课以及大部分专业课之后进行的。

这是我们在进行毕业设计之前对所学各课程的一次深入的综合的总复习,也是一次理论联系实际的训练,因此,它在我们四年的大学生活中占有重要的位置。

就我自己而言,我想通过本次的课程设计能使我的专业知识有进一步的提升。

通过本次课程设计:1、通过课程设计,使我加深对所学理论的理解。

2 、培养从事实际工作的方法和步骤(如优选设计方案、编制设计说明书、列出计算过程和结果,并进行讨论和分析等) 。

3、进一步提高利用技术资料、运算和绘图的能力;增强学生运用计算机的能力及外语的能力。

4 、培养实事求是、认真、严谨的科学态度和刻苦钻研不断创新的精神。

CA6140车床拨叉831003 夹具设计说明书

CA6140车床拨叉831003 夹具设计说明书

课程设计说明书设计题目:设计“CA6140车床拔叉”零件的机械加工工艺规程及工艺装备(大批生产)设计者XXX指导教师XXX前言通过所学的专业课知识(《公差与配合》、《工程材料》、《机械原理》、《机械设计制造》、《机械制造技术基础》等)和金工实习使我们对机械设计制造有了一定的感性和理性认识。

这次机床工艺及夹具设计让我们对所学的专业课得以复习、巩固和应用。

是理论和实践相结合的有效手段。

不仅为大四的毕业设计做准备,而且为以后的工作打下一定的基础。

在这次设计中,我们主要设计C6140拨叉的夹具。

在设计中阅读大量的参考资料并且得到老师的指导由于能力有限在设计中难免有不足之处,恳请各位老师、同学批评指正。

一、零件的分析(一)零件的作用题目给定的零件是C6140拨叉(见附图1)它位于车床变速机构中,主要其换挡作用。

通过拨叉的拨动使车床滑移齿轮与不同的齿轮啮合从而达到要求的主轴转速。

宽度为30mm的面的尺寸精度要求很高,在拨叉工作工程中,和如果拨叉和槽的配合尺寸精度不高或者它们之间的空隙很大时。

滑移齿轮就达不到很高的定位精度,这样滑移齿轮就不能很好的与其他齿轮进行正确有效的啮合。

从而影响整个传动系统的工作。

所以拨叉宽度为30mm的面和槽之间要达到很高的配合精度。

(二)零件的工艺分析CA6140拨叉共有两组加工表面:1、这一组加工表面包括:A端面和轴线与A端面相垂直的花键底孔2、这一组加工表面包括: 六个方齿花键孔,及Φ25mm花键底孔两端的2×75°倒角。

对于两组加工表面可先加工一组表面,再用专用夹具加工另一组表面。

二、工艺规程设计(一)确定毛坯的制造形式此次所设计的拨叉材料为HT200,根据材料成型工艺可知用金属型铸造。

该零件能够承受较大载荷和冲击载荷,能够满足使用要求。

因为生产纲领为大批量生产。

因为零件形状简单故毛坯形状需与零件的形状尽量接近,又因内孔很小,可不铸出。

毛坯零件图见附图2。

.汽车拨叉说明书

.汽车拨叉说明书

Southwest university of science and technology本科毕业设计(论文)汽车变速拨叉零件的机械加工工艺与铣夹具设计学院名称制造科学与工程学院专业名称机械设计制造及其自动化学生姓名学号指导教师二〇一四年六月汽车变速拨叉零件的机械加工工艺与铣夹具设计摘要:制造是人类科学理念物化的过程。

制造业是国民经济的支柱产业,是国家创造力、竞争力和综合国力的重要体现。

它不仅为现代工业社会提供物质基础,也为信息与知识社会提供先进装备和技术平台。

本次设计内容涉及了机械设计制造工艺、机床夹具设计、公差配合与测量等多方面的知识。

首先对汽车变速拨叉的技术要求、结构特点以及加工工艺过程进行深入的分析,并对其制定了相应的加工工艺流程;其次针对拨叉的端面加工设计了一套铣床用的夹具。

加工工艺流程的制定既保证了加工精度又提高了加工效率和生产质量;铣夹具设计的意义是提高了工件的加工质量,降低了生产成本,达到了高效率的生产。

关键词:汽车变速拨叉;工艺流程;夹具设计Mechanical processing and technology of automobile gear shift fork parts Milling fixture designAbstract:Manufacturing is the process of human scientific idea materialized. Manufacturing industry is the pillar industry of the national economy, is the important embodiment of national creativity, competitiveness and overall national strength. It not only provides the material basis for the modern industrial society, but also for the information and knowledge society with advanced equipment and technology platform.This design involves the mechanical design and manufacturing technology, machine tool fixture design, tolerance and measurement and other aspects of knowledge. First carries on the thorough analysis to the automobile transmission fork of the technical requirements, structure and process, and has made the corresponding process; followed by the design of a milling machine fixture for machining fork. Make the process flow not only guarantee the machining accuracy and improve the processing efficiency and product quality; milling fixture design is the significance of improving the processing quality of workpieces, reduce production costs, achieve high efficiency production.Key words: Automobile gear shift fork, Technological process, Fixture design目录第1章绪论 (1)1.1课题背景 (1)1.2国内外研究现状 (1)1.3研究内容和研究思想 (2)1.3.1 研究内容 (2)1.3.2 研究思想...................................................................................................... ..21.4选题目的及其意义 (2)第2章零件分析 (4)2.1零件的作用 (4)2.2零件的工艺分析 (4)2.2.1 零件加工表面分类 (4)2.2.2 零件的技术要求 (4)2.2.3 审查拨叉工艺性.......................................................................................... ..5第3章工艺规程设计.. (6)3.1确定毛坯的制造形式 (6)3.2确定毛坯的尺寸公差和锻件重量 (6)3.2.1 公差等级....................................................................................................... .63.2.2 锻件重量....................................................................................................... .63.3确定锻件形状复杂系数和锻件材质系数 (6)3.3.1 锻件形状复杂系数 (6)3.3.2 锻件材质系数 (6)3.3.3 锻件分模线形状 (6)3.4基面的选择 (7)3.4.1 粗基面的选择 (7)3.4.2 精基面的选择 (7)3.5制定工艺路线 (7)3.6确定机械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸 (9)3.6.1 确定机械加工余量..................................................................................... (9)3.6.2 确定零件的工序尺寸 (10)3.6.3 确定零件的毛坯尺寸 (10)3.7确定切削用量以及工时 (11)第4章铣夹具的设计 (27)4.1夹具的概念和作用 (27)4.1.1 夹具的概念 (27)4.1.2 夹具的作用和组成 (27)4.1.3 夹具的分类 (28)4.2拨叉口前后端面铣夹具的设计 (28)4.2.1 零件加工的整体分析 (28)4.2.2 定位基准的选择 (28)4.2.3 定位分析 (28)4.2.4 切削力以及夹紧力的计算 (29)4.2.5 定位误差分析 (30)4.3夹具操作说明 (30)结论 (31)致谢 (32)参考文献 (33)第1章绪论1.1课题背景本题目是根据机械设计制造及其自动化专业的机械制造方向的培养目标和机械制造中的典型零件的机械加工工艺规程与工艺装备设计要求而自拟的毕业设计题目,目的是提高学生理论联系工程实际和实际工程设计能力。

变速器拨叉工艺规程及夹具设计

变速器拨叉工艺规程及夹具设计

变速拨叉零件的机械加工工艺及工艺装备设计摘要:汽车制造工艺学课程设计,是在学完汽车制造工艺学后进行的一项教学环节;在老师的指导下,要求在设计中能初步学会综合运用以前所学过的全部课程,并且独立完成的一项工程基本训练。

通过课程设计达到以下目的:1、能熟练的运用机械制造工艺学的基本理论和夹具设计原理的知识,正确地解决一个零件在加工中的定位,夹紧以及合理制订工艺规程等问题的方法,培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。

2、通过对零件某道工序的夹具设计,学会工艺装备设计的一般方法。

通过学生亲手设计夹具的训练,提高结构设计的能力。

3、课程设计过程也是理论联系实际的过程,并学会使用手册、查询相关资料等,增强学生解决工程实际问题的独立工作能力。

关键词:拔叉;工艺分析;工艺规格设计;夹具设计序言:拨叉是用来推动变速器齿轮,改变齿轮位置的工具,通过将齿轮改变位置来改变齿比,以达到变速的目的,变速器的齿轮都是装载主轴和副轴上,通过拨叉来推动它们前进或者后退,就可以改变齿比,所以它对汽车领域的作用是非常重要的。

一、零件的分析1.1零件的作用题目所给的零件是汽车变速器的拨叉。

它位于汽车变速机构中,主要起换档,使主轴回转运动按照工作者的要求工作,获得所需的速度和扭矩的作用。

零件的φ25孔与操纵机构相连,φ55半孔则是用于与所控制齿轮所在的轴接触。

通过上方的力拨动下方的齿轮变速。

两件零件铸为一体,加工时分开。

1.2零件的工艺分析零件的材料为HT200,灰铸铁生产工艺简单,铸造性能优良,但塑性较差、脆性高,不适合磨削,为此以下是拨叉需要加工的表面以及加工表面之间的位置要求:1.小头孔φ25023.00+;2.小头孔轴线侧面端面的距离03.023-3.大头半圆孔Ф4.0055+及其端面;4.两孔中心距Ф1.02.05.134--5.16×8槽;6.φ40外圆斜面;7. 工件尺寸为40的外侧面8.大头半圆孔两端面与小头孔中心线的垂直度误差为0.1mm ;槽端面与小头孔中心线的垂直度误差为0.08m 。

倒档拨叉专用夹具设计(钻Φ18孔夹具的设计)

倒档拨叉专用夹具设计(钻Φ18孔夹具的设计)

优秀设计制造工艺学夹具课程设计《倒档拨叉专用夹具说明书》姓名:学号:班级:指导老师:设计时间:目录一、设计题目 (3)二、零件图及加工工序分析 (4)三、设计方案 (6)1、夹具设计方案2、夹紧装置的设计3、导向装置的设计及其他装置结构.夹具体的确定4、绘制夹具结构图5、确定夹具技术要求和有关尺寸,公差配合四、夹具零部件的结构 (10)五、定位误差的计算 (14)六、致谢 (15)七、参考文献 (16)一、设计题目“倒档拨叉”专用夹具设计二、零件图及加工工序分析1、倒档拨叉零件图如图1所示:图1 倒档拨叉零件图倒档拨叉材料为QT450-10,即球墨铸铁,最小抗拉强度为450MPa,最低延伸率为10。

根据机械加工材料等相关资料可以知道:球墨铸铁既有灰铸铁的优点,即具有高的抗压强度、优良的耐磨性和消震性,低的缺口敏感性。

同时具有与中碳钢媲美的抗拉强度、弯曲疲劳强度及良好的塑性与韧性,此外,还可以通过合金化及热处理来改善与提高它的性能,所以生产上已用球墨铸铁代替中碳钢及中碳合金钢制造发动机的曲轴、连杆、凸轮轴和机床的主轴等。

QT450-10主要用于汽车、拖拉机底盘零件等。

由于该倒档拨叉外形复杂,又是薄壁零件,属于大批量生产,故毛坯采用金属型铸造。

加工机床部分采用通用机床,部分采用专用机床;按零件分类,部分布置成流水线,部分布置成机群式;广泛采用专用夹具,可调夹具;按零件产量和精度,部分采用通用刀具和量具,部分采用专用刀具和量具;部分采用划线找正装夹,广泛采用通用或专用夹具装夹;有较详细的工艺规程,用工艺卡管理生产。

根据零件图可知,零件整体要求精度较高。

其中Φ18孔中心线和叉脚开档脚面有垂直度要求,并且Φ18孔中心线自身有直线度要求,被测槽面与Φ8.7孔中心线有对称度要求。

Φ26圆柱的上下端面粗糙度要求为Ra2.5,槽内面两侧的粗糙度要求为Ra12.5,槽面粗糙度要求为Ra2.5,叉脚开档脚面的粗糙度要求为Ra6.3,脚面内侧的粗糙度要求为Ra12.5,操纵槽端面的粗糙度要求为Ra2.5。

倒档拨叉加工工艺规程制订及卡具设计

倒档拨叉加工工艺规程制订及卡具设计

倒档拨叉加工工艺规程制订及卡具设计一、零件的分析(一)零件的作用倒档拨叉在运输车的变速箱中,与操纵机构的其他零件结合,用它拨动滑动齿轮,实现倒车。

φ14H9为配合面有较高精度。

槽14H13为滑动拨动的配合表面。

T1,T2为与滑动齿轮接触的表面。

(二)零件的工艺分析该零件是叉架零件,形状不规则,尺寸精度、型位精度要求较高,零件的要紧技术要求分析如下:(零件图1)(1) T1、T2两表面对Φ14H9孔轴线垂直度摆差不大于0.1mm,要紧是保证叉面能正确地安装在变速箱的倒档轴上,拨差利用弹簧、滚珠在轴上进行定位,因此必须保证Φmm。

孔及拨叉槽的尺寸精度。

8.7+0.1T1、T2面与不加工腹板5mm的平均尺寸为0.5mm,应注意保持有一定的台面。

拨叉在操纵时轴向移动灵活,T1、T2表面受力平均。

(2)铸件要求不能有砂眼、疏松等缺陷,以保证零件的强度、硬度及刚度,在外力的作用下,不致于发生意外事故。

(3)由于零件的壁薄而且悬伸长,因此刚性较差,在设计夹具时应充分注意这一点。

(4)Φ14H9孔是一个比较重要的孔,也是以后机械加工各工序中的要紧定位基准。

因此加工此孔的工序是比较重要的。

要在夹具设计中考虑保证达到此孔的精度及粗糙度的要求。

二、工艺规程的设计(一)确定毛坯的制造形式由于零件的结构比较复杂,又是薄壁件,因此采纳金属型铸造。

工件材料为KTH350-10毛坯的尺寸精度要求为IT11~12级。

(二)基准的选择依照零件图纸及零件的使用情形分析,知Φ14H9孔,槽宽,叉子面厚,叉子面与腹板的距离等均应通过正确的定位才能保证,故对基准的选择应予以分析。

(1)粗基准的选择按照粗基准的选择原则,为保证不加工表面和加工表面的位置要求,应选择不加工表面为粗基准,故此处选择5mm厚的腹板右侧为第一毛坯表面基准,在加工Φ14H9孔时,为保证Φ24mm的外圆表面为第二毛基准。

(2)精基准的选择在Φ14H9孔加工以后,各工序则以该孔为定位精基准,从靠近叉脚的Φ24mm端面为轴向尺寸的定位基准不重合,这时需要进行尺寸链的换算。

(整理)变速箱构造中英文对照表

(整理)变速箱构造中英文对照表
81
1/2档同步器
Syncro unit 1/2 gear
82
3/4档同步器
Syncro unit 3/4 gear
83
5/6档同步器
Syncro unit 5/6 gear
85
5档齿轮弹性挡圈
Circlip 5thgear
91
1挡同步环
Syncro ring 1 gear
92
2挡同步环
Syncro ring 2 gear
多电喷射
Multi point Injection(MFI)
后窗刮水器/清洗系统
Rear wiper/washer system(RWW)
合成革(人造革)
Synthetic leather(leatherette)(SL)
座椅安全带报警系统
Seat belt warning system(SWS)
晶体管点火
2/3档齿轮换档拨叉
Selector fork 2nd /3rd gear
38
4/5档齿轮换档拨叉
Selector fork 4th/5thgear
43
调整垫片
Shim
46
输入轴前轴承
Input shaft front bearing
47
输入轴中间轴承
Input shaft center bearing
(一)建设项目环境影响评价的分类管理English Name
(二)规划环境影响评价的技术依据和基本内容05
离合器踏板
(5)污染防止措施能否达到要求。Clutch pedal
06
支架
Bracket
07
离合器踏板衬套
3)选择价值。选择价值(OV)又称期权价值。我们在利用环境资源的时候,并不希望它的功能很快消耗殆尽,也许会设想未来该资源的使用价值会更大。Clutch pedal bush

【机械类文献翻译】WHX112减速机壳加工工艺及夹具设计

【机械类文献翻译】WHX112减速机壳加工工艺及夹具设计

外文资料及译文原文:Television Video SignalsAlthough over 50 years old , the standard television signal is still one of the most common way to transmit an image. Figure 8.3 shows how the television signal appears on an oscilloscope. This is called composite video, meaning that there are vertical and horizontal synchronization (sync) pulses mixed with the actual picture information.These pulses are used in the television receiver to synchronize the vertical and horizontal deflection circuits to match the video being displayed. Each second of standard video contains 30 complete images, commonly called frames , A video engineer would say that each frame contains 525 lines, the television jargon for what programmers call rows. This number is a little deceptive because only 480 to 486 of these lines contain video information; the remaining 39to 45 lines are reserved for sync pulses to keep the television’s circuits synchronized with the video signal.Standard television uses an interlaced format to reduce flicker in the displayed image. This means that all the odd lines of each frame are transmitted first, followed by the even lines. The group of odd lines is called the odd field, and the group of even lines is called the even field. Since each frame consists of two fields, the video signal transmits 60 fields per second. Each field starts with a complex series of vertical sync pulses lasting 1.3 milliseconds. This is followed by either the even or odd lines of video. Each line lasts for 63.5 microseconds, including a 10.2 microsecond horizontal sync pulse, separating one line from the next. Within each line, the analog voltage corresponds to the gray scale of the image, with brighter values being in the direction away from the sync pulses. This place the sync beyond the black range. In video jargon, the sync pulses are said to be blacker than black..The hardware used for analog-to-digital conversion of video signals is called a frame grabber. This is usually in the form of an electronics card that plugs into a computer, and connects to a camera through a coaxial cable. Upon command from software, the frame grabber waits for the beginning of the next frame, as indicated by the vertical sync pulses. During the following two fields,each line of video is sampled many times, typically 512,640 or 720 samples per line, at 8bits per sample. These samples are stored in memory as one row of the digital image.This way of acquiring a digital image results in an important difference between the vertical and horizontal directions. Each row in the digital image corresponds to oneline in the video signal, and therefore to one row of wells in the CCD. Unfortunately, the columns are not so straightforward. In the CCD, each row contains between about 400 and 800 wells (columns), depending on the particular device used. When a row of wells is read from the CCD, the resulting line of video is filtered into a smooth analog signal, such as in Figure 8.3. In other words, the video signal does not depend on how many columns are present in the CCD. The resolution in the horizontal direction is limited by how rapidly the analog signal is allowed to change. This is usually set at 3.2 MHz for color television, resulting in a rise time of about 100 nanoseconds, i.e, about 1/500th of the 53.2 microsecond video line.When the video signal is digitized in the frame grabber, it is converted back into columns, However, these columns in the digitized image have no relation to the columns in the CCD. The number of columns in the digital image depends solely on how many times the frame grabber samples each line of video. For example, a CCD might have 800 wells per row, while the digitized image might only have 512 pixels (i.e , columns) per row.The number of columns in the digitized image is also important for another reason. The standard television image has an aspect ratio of 4 to 3, i.e. , it is slightly wider than it is high. Motion pictures have the wider aspect ratio of 25 to 9. CCDs used for scientific applications often have an aspect ratio of 1 to 1, i.e , a perfect square. In any event, the aspect ratio of a CCD is fixed by the placement of the electrodes, and cannot be altered. However, the aspect ratio of the digitized image depends on the number of samples per line. This becomes a problem when the image is displayed, either on a video monitor or in a hardcopy. If the aspect ratio isn’t properly reproduced, the image looks squashed horizontally or vertically.The 525 line video signal described here is called NTSC (National Television Systems Committee), a standard defined way back in 1954. This is the system used in the United States and Japan. In Europe there are two similar standards called PAL (Phase Alternation by Line) and SECAM (Sequential Chrominance And Memory). The basic concepts are the same , just the numbers are different. Both PAL and SECAM operate with 25 interlaced frames per second, with 625 lines per frame. Just as with NTSC, some of these lines occur during the vertical sync, resulting in about 576 lines that carry picture information. Other more subtle differences relate to how color and sound are added to the signal.The most straightforward way of transmitting color television would be to have three separate analog signals, one for each of the three colors the human eye can detect: red, green and blue. Unfortunately, the historical development of television did not allowsuch a simple scheme. The color television signal was developed to allow existing black and white television sets to remain in use without modification. This was done by retaining the same signal for brightness information , but adding a separate signal for color information. In video jargon, the brightness is called the luminance signal, while the color is the chrominance signal. The chrominance signal is contained on a 3.58 MHz carrier wave added to the black and white video signal. Sound is added in this same way, on a 4.5 MHz carrier wave. The television receiver separates these three signals, processes them individually, and recombines them in the final diplay.译文:关键词:核心,合成信号,电压耦合电视信号尽管已经拥有50年的历史了,电视信号依然是常用的传递信息的途径之一。

机械制造技术课程设计-倒档变速叉加工工艺及铣叉口两端面夹具设计

机械制造技术课程设计-倒档变速叉加工工艺及铣叉口两端面夹具设计
倒档变速叉工工艺规程及夹具设计是在学完了机械制图、机械制造技术基础、机械设计、机械工程材料等进行课程设计之后的下一个教学环节。正确地解决一个零件在加工中的定位,夹紧以及工艺路线安排,工艺尺寸确定等问题,并设计出专用夹具,保证零件的加工质量。本次设计也要培养自己的自学与创新能力。因此本次设计综合性和实践性强、涉及知识面广。所以在设计中既要注意基本概念、基本理论,又要注意生产实践的需要,只有将各种理论与生产实践相结合,才能很好的完成本次设计。
3.6确定切削用量及基本工时(机动时间)错误!未定义书签。
3.7时间定额计算及生产安排错误!未定义书签。
第4章铣叉口夹具设计18
4.1研究原始质料18
4.2定位基准的选择18
4.3切削力及夹紧分析计算18
4.4误差分析与计算20
4.5零、部件的设计与选用20
4.5.1定位销选用20
4.5.2定向键与对刀装置设计21
课程设计
题目倒挡变速叉零件的机械加工工艺及夹具设计
所属部
所屢专业机械设计与制造
所属班级
学号
学生姓名
指导敦师
起讫日期
摘要
此次设计是对变速叉零件的加工工艺和夹具设计,其零件为锻件,具有体积小,零件复杂的特点,由于面比孔易加工,在制定工艺规程时,就先加工面,再以面为基准来加工其它,其中各工序夹具都采用专用夹具,并以操作简单的手动夹紧方式夹紧,其机构设计简单,方便且能满足要求。
3.1加工工艺过程错误!未定义书签。
3.2确定各表面加工方案错误!未定义书签。
3.2.1影响加工方法的因素错误丨未定义书签。
3.2.2加工方案的选择错误丨未定义书签。
3.3确定定位基准错误!未定义书签。
3.3.1粗基准的选择错误!未定义书签。

倒档拨叉加工工艺规程制订及卡具毕业设计

倒档拨叉加工工艺规程制订及卡具毕业设计

倒档拨叉加工工艺规程制订及卡具毕业设计一、引言在汽车传动系统中,倒档拨叉是一种重要的零部件。

它负责将变速器的换挡杆与倒档齿轮相连,实现倒档功能。

倒档拨叉的制造工艺对于其性能和寿命具有重要影响。

本文旨在制订倒档拨叉的加工工艺规程,并设计相应的卡具,以保证倒档拨叉的加工质量和效率。

二、加工工艺规程制订1. 工艺流程倒档拨叉的加工工艺流程主要包括以下几个步骤: 1. 原材料检验和准备 2. 零件加工准备 3. 加工顺序安排 4. 切削工艺制定 5. 卡具设计和制造 6. 工装夹具选择和制作 7. 加工参数设定 8. 加工过程控制方法 9. 检测方法和标准2. 切削工艺制定切削工艺制定是制订加工工艺规程的核心内容之一。

具体步骤如下: 1. 确定切削方式:根据倒档拨叉的结构和材料特点,选择合适的切削方式,如铣削、车削、钻削等。

2. 确定切削刀具:根据加工工艺要求和切削过程中的切削力、切削温度等因素,选择合适的切削刀具。

3. 切削参数设定:根据切削刀具的特性和加工工艺要求,确定切削速度、进给量、切削深度等参数。

4. 冷却液的选择和使用:根据切削过程中的热量和切削刀具的材料特性,选择合适的冷却液,并正确使用。

3. 卡具设计和制造为了保证倒档拨叉的加工精度和一致性,需要设计和制造相应的卡具。

卡具设计和制造的步骤如下: 1. 确定卡具类型:根据倒档拨叉的结构和加工要求,选择合适的卡具类型,如加工夹具、定位卡具等。

2. 卡具设计:根据加工工艺要求和零件特点,进行卡具的绘图设计,包括卡具结构、尺寸等信息。

3. 卡具材料选择:根据卡具的耐磨、耐热和刚性等要求,选择合适的材料进行制造。

4. 卡具制造:根据卡具设计图纸,进行卡具的制造和加工,确保卡具与设计要求一致。

4. 工装夹具选择和制作工装夹具是保证加工过程稳定和零件精度的重要设备。

选择合适的工装夹具和制作工艺是制订加工工艺规程的重要环节。

1. 工装夹具选择:根据加工工艺要求和零件特点,选择合适的工装夹具,如夹具、定位器等。

倒档拔叉说明书

倒档拔叉说明书

一、零件的工艺分析及生产类型确实定- 3 -1.1 零件的作用- 3 - 1.2 零件的工艺分析- 3 - 1.3 零件的生产类型- 3 - 二、毛坯的选择与设计- 4 -2.1 选择毛坯- 4 -2.2 确定机械加工余量- 4 - 2.3 设计毛坯图- 5 -三、加工方法和工艺路线的设计- 6 -3.1 定位基准的选择- 6 -〔1〕粗基准的选择- 6 - 〔2〕精基准的选择- 6 - 3.2 零件外表加工方法的选择- 6 - 3.3 制订工艺路线- 7 - 四、工序设计- 9 -4.1 选择加工设备与工艺装备- 9 -〔1〕选择机床- 9 - 〔2〕选择量具- 10 - 4.2 确定工序尺寸- 11 -〔1〕φ24端面加工余量- 11 - 〔2〕钻φ13、扩φ14H9孔- 11 - 〔3〕面加工余量- 11 -〔3〕钻09.007.8+φ孔- 12 -五、确定切削用量及根本时间- 13 -5.1工序3- 13 - 5.2 工序4- 13 -5.2.1确定钻φ13mm 孔的切削用量。

- 13 -5.2.2确定扩φ14H9)(043.00+孔的切削用量。

- 13 - 5.3工序6- 14 -5.3.1确定铣开挡底面圆柱面R15的切削用量- 14 -5.3.2 确定铣开挡底面圆柱面R19的切削用量- 14 -5.3.3确定开挡脚面的切削用量- 15 -5.4工序7- 15 -5.5 工序8- 16 -5.6时间确实定……………………………………………………………………………- 16 -六、夹具设计- 18 -七、设计小结- 19 -参考资料- 20 -摘要:工具是人类文明进步的标志。

自20世纪末期以来,与机械制造工艺自动化都有了长足的开展。

但工具〔含夹具、刀具、量具和辅具等〕在不断革新中,其功能仍十分显著。

机床夹具对零件的加工质量、生产率和生产本钱都有着直接的影响。

因此,无论传统制造还是现代制造系统中,夹具都是重要的工艺装备。

机械英语词汇

机械英语词汇

金属切削metal cutting机床machine tool金属工艺学technology of metals 刀具cutter摩擦friction联结link传动drive/transmission轴shaft弹性elasticity频率特性frequency characteristic 误差error响应response定位allocation机床夹具jig动力学dynamic运动学kinematic静力学static分析力学analyse mechanics拉伸pulling压缩hitting剪切shear扭转twist弯曲应力bending stress强度intensity三相交流电three-phase AC磁路magnetic circles变压器transformer异步电动机asynchronous motor几何形状geometrical精度precision正弦形的sinusoid交流电路AC circuit机械加工余量machining allowance变形力deforming force 变形deformation应力stress硬度rigidity热处理heat treatment 退火anneal 正火normalizing脱碳decarburization渗碳carburization 电路circuit 半导体元件semiconductor element反馈feedback 发生器generator 直流电源DC electrical source 门电路gate circuit 逻辑代数logic algebra 外圆磨削external grinding 内圆磨削internal grinding平面磨削plane grinding变速箱gearbox离合器clutch绞孔fraising 绞刀reamer螺纹加工thread processing螺钉screw 铣削mill铣刀milling cutter功率power工件workpiece齿轮加工gear mechining齿轮gear主运动main movement主运动方向direction of main movement进给方向direction of feed 进给运动feed movement合成进给运动resultant movement of feed合成切削运动resultant movement of cutting合成切削运动方向direction of resultant movement of cutting 切削深度cutting depth前刀面rake face刀尖nose of tool前角rake angle后角clearance angle龙门刨削planing主轴spindle主轴箱headstock卡盘chuck 加工中心machining center车刀lathe tool车床lathe钻削镗削bore 车削turning 磨床grinder基准benchmark钳工locksmith锻forge压模stamping 焊weld 拉床broaching machine 拉孔broaching装配assembling 铸造found 流体动力学fluid dynamics 流体力学fluid mechanics加工machining液压hydraulic pressure切线tangent机电一体化mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration气压air pressure pneumatic pressure稳定性stability介质medium 液压驱动泵fluid clutch 液压泵hydraulic pump阀门valve失效invalidation强度intensity载荷load应力stress安全系数safty factor可靠性reliability螺纹thread螺旋helix 键spline销pin滚动轴承rolling bearing滑动轴承sliding bearing弹簧spring制动器arrester brake十字结联轴节crosshead 联轴器coupling链chain 皮带strap精加工finish machining 粗加工rough machining变速箱体gearbox casing腐蚀rust氧化oxidation 磨损wear 耐用度durability随机信号random signal 离散信号discrete signal超声传感器ultrasonic sensor集成电路integratecircuit挡板orifice plate残余应力residual stress 套筒sleeve扭力torsion冷加工cold machining 电动机electromotor汽缸cylinder过盈配合interference fit热加工hotwork摄像头CCD camera 倒角rounding chamfer优化设计optimal design 工业造型设计industrial moulding design 有限元finite element 滚齿hobbing 插齿gear shaping伺服电机actuating motor铣床milling machine 钻床drill machine镗床boring machine步进电机stepper motor 丝杠screw rod 导轨lead rail组件subassembly 可编程序逻辑控制器Programmable Logic Controller PLC电火花加工electric spark machining电火花线切割加工electrical discharge wire - cutting 相图phase diagram热处理heat treatment固态相变solid state phase changes 有色金属nonferrous metal陶瓷ceramics合成纤维synthetic fibre电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion车架automotive chassis 悬架suspension转向器redirector变速器speed changer 板料冲压sheet metal parts孔加工spot facing machining 车间workshop 工程技术人员engineer气动夹紧pneuma lock数学模型mathematical model画法几何descriptive geometry机械制图Mechanical drawing投影projection视图view剖视图profile chart 标准件standard component 零件图part drawing 装配图assembly drawing尺寸标注size marking 技术要求technical requirements刚度rigidity 内力internal force位移displacement 截面section 疲劳极限fatigue limit断裂fracture塑性变形plastic distortion脆性材料brittleness material刚度准则rigidity criterion垫圈washer 垫片spacer直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spur gear直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear运动简图kinematic sketch齿轮齿条pinion and rack蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear虚约束passive constraint曲柄crank 摇杆racker凸轮cams共轭曲线conjugate curve 范成法generation method定义域definitional domain值域range 导数\\微分differential coefficient求导derivation定积分definite integral不定积分indefinite integral曲率curvature偏微分partial differential 毛坯rough 游标卡尺slide caliper 千分尺micrometer calipers攻丝tap 二阶行列式second order determinant逆矩阵inverse matrix 线性方程组linear equations 概率probability 随机变量random variable排列组合permutation and combination气体状态方程equation of state of gas动能kinetic energy势能potential energy 机械能守恒conservation of mechanical energy动量momentum桁架truss轴线axes 余子式cofactor 逻辑电路logic circuit触发器flip-flop 脉冲波形pulse shape数模digital analogy液压传动机构fluid drive mechanism机械零件mechanical parts 淬火冷却quench 淬火hardening 回火tempering调质hardening and tempering磨粒abrasive grain结合剂bonding agent砂轮grinding wheel1/2档拨叉 FORK, SHIFT (1ST & 2ND)1/2档拨叉轴分总成 RAIL SUB ASSAY, SHIFT (1ST & 2ND) 1/2档同步器外齿圈 SLEEVE, SYNCHRONIZER (1ST & 2ND)1/2档同步器转接套齿HUB,SYNCHRONIZER (1ST & 2ND)3/4档拨叉FORK, SHIFT (3RD & 4TH)3/4档拨叉轴分总成RAIL SUB ASSY, SHIFT (3RD & 4TH) 3/4档同步器转接套齿HUB, SYNCHRONIZER (3RD & 4TH)5/r档拨叉FORK, SHIFT (5TH & REV)5/r档拨叉轴分总成RAIL SUB ASSY, SHIFT (5TH & REV) 5/r档同步器转接套齿HUB, SYNCHRONIZER (5TH & REV)o型密封圈O-RING安装座SEAT半轴齿轮GEAR, DIFF SIDE半轴齿轮止推垫片SPACER, DIFF GEAR, THRUST变速器打号步骤T/M NO. STAMP PROCEDURE变速器垫片安装INSTAL, T/M GSKT变速器壳体CASE,TRANSMISSION变速器润滑图表LUBRICATION CHART, TRANSMISSION变速器外廓图T/M OUTSIDE VIEW变速器总成图t/m assy dwg.(dwg=drawing 草图)波形夹子支架brkt, corrugate clamp (brkt, breaket和bracket的缩写,支架,托架)差速器齿轮组gear set, differential差速器垫片spacer, diff side差速器壳体case, diff差速器行星齿轮pinion, differential差速器总成diff assy车速传感器总成vehicle speed sensor衬套bush磁铁magnet磁铁固定器holder, magnet打印标记步骤procedure of vin no marking 带垫圈的螺栓bolt, washer assembled弹簧spring弹簧垫圈washer, spring弹簧销pin, spring弹簧组总成spring assy弹性挡圈ring, snap挡板(限位板)late, stopper挡圈collar导油器guide, oil倒车灯开关总成switch assy, back light倒档互锁轴rail, reverse interlock倒档换档臂lug, reverse shift倒档换档杆shoe, reverse shift lever倒档换档杆支座bracket, rev, shift lever倒档换档轴总成lever assy, rev shift倒档中间齿轮gear, reverse idler倒档中间齿轮衬套bush, reverse idler gear 倒档中间齿轮螺栓bolt, reverse idler倒档中间齿轮轴shaft, reverse idler gear倒档中间齿轮总成gear assy, reverse idler 垫片spacer垫圈gasket/ washer二档主动齿轮gear, 2nd speed二档主动齿轮轴套sleeve, 2nd speed gear防尘罩cover, dust防锈说明图表antirust instruction chart飞轮螺栓bolt, flywheel分离叉总成fork assy, release分离轴承保持架retainer, clutch release brg 钢球ball, steel滚针轴承brg, needle roller互锁板plate, interlock互锁板螺栓bolt, interlock plate换档杆lever, shift换档钢索支架holder, shift cable换档钢索支架总成brkt assy, shift cable回位弹簧spring, return回位夹子clip, return夹子clip/ e-clip绝热器insulator空档回位弹簧spring, neutral return空档回位弹簧总成spring assy, neutral return 控制臂finger, control控制轴shaft, control控制轴防尘罩boot, control shaft控制轴壳体housing, control控制轴总成shaft assy, control离合器从动盘disc, clutch离合器分离液压缸总成cylinder assy, clutch release 离合器分离轴承 brg, clutch release离合器壳体housing, clutch离合器压盘和从动盘安装clucth cover & disc install 离合器压盘总成cover assy, clutch离合器液压油管tube, clutch离合器液压油管支架brkt, clutch fluid line联接件图纸connecting parts dwg.螺堵plug螺母nut螺栓bolt铆钉rivet密封盖cap, sealing密封螺栓bolt, seal平垫圈washer, plain前轴承brg, front前轴承保持架retainer, front bearing球轴承bearing, ball三、四档拨叉fork, shift (3rd&4th)三、四档拨叉轴分总成rail, sub assy, shift 三档从动齿轮gear, output 3rd三档主动齿轮gear, 3rd speed三档主动齿轮齿圈gear, clutch 3rd speed 三档主动齿轮总成gear assy, 3rd speed输出轴shaft, output输入轴shaft, input输入轴挡圈collar, input输入轴前端弹性挡圈 snap ring, input front 双头螺栓stud四档从动齿轮gear, output 4th四档主动齿轮gear, 4th speed四档主动齿轮齿圈gear, clutch 4th speed 四档主动齿轮轴套sleeve, 4th speed gear 四档主动齿轮总成gear assy, 4th speed速度传感器speed sensor速度传感器齿轮gaer, speed snsr锁紧销pin, lock通气塞breather, air同步器弹簧spring, synchronizer同步器杆lever, synchronizer同步器同步齿环ring, synchronizer凸缘螺钉flange screw凸缘螺栓bolt, flange五倒档拨叉fork, shift (5th&rev)五倒档拨叉轴分总成rail, sub assy, shift五档从动齿轮gear, output 5th五档主动齿轮gear, 5th speed五档主动齿轮齿圈gear, clutch 5th speed五档主动齿轮轴套sleeve, 5th speed gear五档主动齿轮总成gear assy, 5th speed限位弹簧(自锁弹簧)spring, restrict限位块body, stopper限位块总成body assy, stopper限位球总成ball assy, restrict限位支架brkt, stopper销pin行星齿轮轴shaft, pinion选档轴lever, select/ shaft, select lever选档轴拨块shoe, select lever选档轴衬套bush, select lever一、二挡拨叉轴分总成rail, sub assy, shift一、二档拨叉fork, shift (1st&2nd)一档主动齿轮gear, 1st speed一档主动齿轮轴套sleeve, 1st speed gear油槽盖cover, oil tank油封oil seal圆柱滚子轴承bearing, roller支点(球头螺栓)fulcrum, clutch release lever主减从动齿轮gear, differential drive3-Jaws indexing spacers 三爪、分割工具头A.T.C.system 加工中心机刀库Aluminum continuous melting & holding furnaces 连续溶解保温炉Balancing equipment 平衡设备Bayonet 卡口Bearing fittings 轴承配件Bearing processing equipment 轴承加工机Bearings 轴承Belt drive 带传动Bending machines 弯曲机Blades 刀片Blades,saw 锯片Bolts,screws & nuts 螺栓,螺帽及螺丝Boring heads 搪孔头Boring machines 镗床Cable making tools 造线机Casting,aluminium 铸铝Casting,copper 铸铜Casting,gray iron 铸灰口铁Casting,malleable iron 可锻铸铁Casting,other 其他铸造Casting,steel 铸钢Chain drive 链传动Chain making tools 造链机Chamfer machines 倒角机Chucks 夹盘Clamping/holding systems 夹具/支持系统CNC bending presses 电脑数控弯折机CNC boring machines 电脑数控镗床CNC drilling machines 电脑数控钻床CNC EDM wire-cutting machines 电脑数控电火花线切削机CNC electric discharge machines 电脑数控电火花机CNC engraving machines 电脑数控雕刻机CNC grinding machines 电脑数控磨床CNC lathes 电脑数控车床CNC machine tool fittings 电脑数控机床配件CNC milling machines 电脑数控铣床CNC shearing machines 电脑数控剪切机CNC toolings CNC刀杆CNC wire-cutting machines 电脑数控线切削机Conveying chains 输送链Coolers 冷却机Coupling 联轴器Crimping tools 卷边工具Cutters 刀具Cutting-off machines 切断机Diamond cutters 钻石刀具Dicing saws 晶圆切割机Die casting dies 压铸冲模Die casting machines 压铸机Dies-progressive 连续冲模Disposable toolholder bits 舍弃式刀头Drawing machines 拔丝机Drilling machines 钻床Drilling machines bench 钻床工作台Drilling machines,high-speed 高速钻床Drilling machines,multi-spindle 多轴钻床Drilling machines,radial 摇臂钻床Drilling machines,vertical 立式钻床drills 钻头Electric discharge machines(EDM) 电火花机Electric power tools 电动刀具Engraving machines 雕刻机Engraving machines,laser 激光雕刻机Etching machines 蚀刻机Finishing machines 修整机Fixture 夹具Forging dies 锻模Forging,aluminium 锻铝Forging,cold 冷锻Forging,copper 铜锻Forging,other 其他锻造Forging,steel 钢锻Foundry equipment 铸造设备Gear cutting machines 齿轮切削机Gears 齿轮Gravity casting machines 重力铸造机Grinder bench 磨床工作台Grinders,thread 螺纹磨床Grinders,tools & cutters 工具磨床Grinders,ultrasonic 超声波打磨机Grinding machines 磨床Grinding machines,centerless 无心磨床Grinding machines,cylindrical 外圆磨床Grinding machines,universal 万能磨床Grinding tools 磨削工具Grinding wheels 磨轮Hand tools 手工具Hard/soft and free expansion sheet making plant 硬(软)板(片)材及自由发泡板机组Heat preserving furnaces 保温炉Heating treatment funaces 熔热处理炉Honing machines 搪磨机Hydraulic components 液压元件Hydraulic power tools 液压工具Hydraulic power units 液压动力元件Hydraulic rotary cylinders 液压回转缸Jigs 钻模Lapping machines 精研机Lapping machines,centerless 无心精研机Laser cutting 激光切割Laser cutting for SMT stensil 激光钢板切割机Lathe bench 车床工作台Lathes,automatic 自动车床Lathes,heavy-duty 重型车床Lathes,high-speed 高速车床Lathes,turret 六角车床Lathes,vertical 立式车床Lubricants 润滑液Lubrication Systems 润滑系统Lubricators 注油机Machining centers,general 通用加工中心Machining centers,horizontal 卧式加工中心Machining centers,horizontal & vertical 卧式及立式加工中心Machining centers,vertical 立式加工中心Machining centers,vertical double-column type 立式双柱加工中心Magnetic tools 磁性工具Manifolds 集合管Milling heads 铣头Milling machines 铣床Milling machines,bed type 床身式铣床Milling machines,duplicating 仿形铣床Milling machines,horizontal 卧式铣床Milling machines,turret vertical 六角立式铣床Milling machines,universal 万能铣床Milling machines,vertical 立式铣床Milling machines,vertical & horizontal 立式及卧式铣床Mold & die components 模具单元Mold changing systems 换模系统Mold core 模芯Mold heaters/chillers 模具加热器/冷却器Mold polishing/texturing 模具打磨/磨纹Mold repair 模具维修Molds 模具Nail making machines 造钉机Oil coolers 油冷却器Overflow cutting machines for aluminium wheels 铝轮冒口切断机P type PVC waterproof rolled sheet making plant P型PVC高分子防水PCB fine piecing systems 印刷电器板油压冲孔脱料系统Pipe & tube making machines 管筒制造机Planing machines 刨床Planing machines vertical 立式刨床Pneumatic hydraulic clamps 气油压虎钳Pneumatic power tools 气动工具Powder metallurgic forming machines 粉末冶金成型机Presses,cold forging 冷锻冲压机presses,crank 曲柄压力机Presses,eccentric 离心压力机Presses,forging 锻压机Presses,hydraulic 液压冲床Presses,knuckle joint 肘杆式压力机Presses,pneumatic 气动冲床Presses,servo 伺服冲床Presses,transfer 自动压力机Pressing dies 压模Punch formers 冲子研磨器Quick die change systems 速换模系统Quick mold change systems 快速换模系统Reverberatory furnaces 反射炉Rollers 滚筒Rolling machines 辗压机Rotary tables 转台Sawing machines 锯床Sawing machines,band 带锯床Saws,band 带锯Saws,hack 弓锯Saws,horizontal band 卧式带锯Saws,vertical band 立式带锯shafts 轴Shapers 牛头刨床Shearing machines 剪切机Sheet metal forming machines 金属板成型机Sheet metal working machines 金属板加工机Slotting machines 插床spindles 主轴Stamping parts 冲压机Straightening machines 矫直机Switches & buttons 开关及按钮Tapping machines 攻螺丝机Transmitted chains 传动链Tube bending machines 弯管机Vertical hydraulic broaching machine 立式油压拉床Vises 虎钳Vises,tool-maker 精密平口钳Wheel dressers 砂轮修整器Woven-Cutting machines 织麦激光切割机Wrenches 扳手铝轮冒口切断机Overflow cutting machines for aluminium wheels离心压力机Presses,eccentric六角立式铣床Milling machines,turret vertical六角车床Lathes,turret螺栓,螺帽及螺丝Bolts,screws & nuts螺纹磨床Grinders,thread冷却机Coolers冷锻Forging,cold冷锻冲压机Presses,cold forging立式双柱加工中心Machining centers,vertical double-column type立式铣床Milling machines,vertical立式油压拉床Vertical hydraulic broaching machine立式刨床Planing machines vertical立式车床Lathes,vertical立式带锯Saws,vertical band立式加工中心Machining centers,vertical立式及卧式铣床Milling machines,vertical & horizontal立式钻床Drilling machines,vertical联轴器Coupling连续溶解保温炉Aluminum continuous melting & holding furnaces连续冲模Dies-progressive链传动Chain drive切断机Cutting-off machinesCNC刀杆CNC toolings曲柄压力机presses,crank修整机Finishing machines舍弃式刀头Disposable toolholder bits润滑系统Lubrication Systems润滑液Lubricants熔热处理炉Heating treatment funaces三爪、分割工具头3-Jaws indexing spacers伺服冲床Presses,servo输送链Conveying chains手工具Hand tools砂轮修整器Wheel dressers蚀刻机Etching machines外圆磨床Grinding machines,cylindrical搪磨机Honing machines搪孔头Boring heads卧式铣床Milling machines,horizontal卧式带锯Saws,horizontal band卧式加工中心Machining centers,horizontal卧式及立式加工中心Machining centers,horizontal & vertical万能铣床Milling machines,universal万能磨床Grinding machines,universal镗床Boring machines弯曲机Bending machines弯管机Tube bending machines通用加工中心Machining centers,general铜锻Forging,copper铣头Milling heads铣床Milling machines无心磨床Grinding machines,centerless无心精研机Lapping machines,centerless压模Pressing dies压铸冲模Die casting dies压铸机Die casting machines油冷却器Oil coolers造链机Chain making tools造线机Cable making tools造钉机Nail making machines印刷电器板油压冲孔脱料系统PCB fine piecing systems摇臂钻床Drilling machines,radial硬(软)板(片)材及自由发泡板机组Hard/soft and free expansion sheet making plant辗压机Rolling machines液压元件Hydraulic components液压冲床Presses,hydraulic液压动力元件Hydraulic power units液压工具Hydraulic power tools液压回转缸Hydraulic rotary cylindersP型PVC高分子防水P type PVC waterproof rolled sheet making plant刨床Planing machines牛头刨床Shapers其他铸造Casting,other其他锻造Forging,other模芯Mold core模具Molds模具维修Mold repair模具打磨/磨纹Mold polishing/texturing 模具单元Mold & die components模具加热器/冷却器Mold heaters/chillers 磨轮Grinding wheels磨削工具Grinding tools磨床Grinding machines磨床工作台Grinder bench平衡设备Balancing equipment气油压虎钳Pneumatic hydraulic clamps 气动冲床Presses,pneumatic气动工具Pneumatic power tools轴shafts轴承Bearings轴承配件Bearing fittings轴承加工机Bearing processing equipment 肘杆式压力机Presses,knuckle joint铸铝Casting,aluminium铸铜Casting,copper铸造设备Foundry equipment铸钢Casting,steel铸灰口铁Casting,gray iron织麦激光切割机Woven-Cutting machines 重力铸造机Gravity casting machines重型车床Lathes,heavy-duty主轴spindles扳手Wrenches拔丝机Drawing machines保温炉Heat preserving furnaces插床Slotting machines齿轮Gears齿轮切削机Gear cutting machines冲压机Stamping parts冲子研磨器Punch formers超声波打磨机Grinders,ultrasonic车床工作台Lathe bench磁性工具Magnetic tools传动链Transmitted chains床身式铣床Milling machines,bed type带传动Belt drive带锯Saws,band带锯床Sawing machines,band电脑数控镗床CNC boring machines电脑数控弯折机CNC bending presses电脑数控铣床CNC milling machines电脑数控线切削机CNC wire-cutting machines电脑数控磨床CNC grinding machines电脑数控车床CNC lathes电脑数控电火花线切削机CNC EDM wire-cutting machines电脑数控电火花机CNC electric discharge machines电脑数控雕刻机CNC engraving machines电脑数控机床配件CNC machine tool fittings电脑数控剪切机CNC shearing machines电脑数控钻床CNC drilling machines电动刀具Electric power tools电火花机Electric discharge machines(EDM)雕刻机Engraving machines刀片Blades刀具Cutters倒角机Chamfer machines多轴钻床Drilling machines,multi-spindle锻铝Forging,aluminium锻压机Presses,forging锻模Forging dies仿形铣床Milling machines,duplicating粉末冶金成型机Powder metallurgic forming machines 反射炉Reverberatory furnaces钢锻Forging,steel高速车床Lathes,high-speed高速钻床Drilling machines,high-speed管筒制造机Pipe & tube making machines滚筒Rollers工具磨床Grinders,tools & cutters攻螺丝机Tapping machines弓锯Saws,hack虎钳Vises换模系统Mold changing systems夹盘Chucks夹具Fixture夹具/支持系统Clamping/holding systems剪切机Shearing machines加工中心机刀库 A.T.C.system激光切割Laser cutting激光雕刻机Engraving machines,laser激光钢板切割机Laser cutting for SMT stensil集合管Manifolds矫直机Straightening machines金属板成型机Sheet metal forming machines 金属板加工机Sheet metal working machines 锯片Blades,saw锯床Sawing machines卷边工具Crimping tools晶圆切割机Dicing saws精密平口钳Vises,tool-maker精研机Lapping machines可锻铸铁Casting,malleable iron快速换模系统Quick mold change systems卡口Bayonet开关及按钮Switches & buttons钻石刀具Diamond cutters钻头drills钻模Jigs钻床Drilling machines钻床工作台Drilling machines bench自动压力机Presses,transfer自动车床Lathes,automatic注油机Lubricators转台Rotary tables Piping work铺管工程Steam trace加热蒸汽管道Cutting切割socket weld承插焊接fillet weld角焊,填角焊branch connection 分支接续fabrication tolerance 制造容差local heat treatment 局部热处理threaded pipe螺纹管seal welding密封焊接flange joint凸缘接头undercut底切feeder馈电线conduit outlet电线引出口seal fitting密封接头, 密封配件Screw thread lubricant 螺纹润滑剂Seal绝缘层weld reinforcement焊缝补强lock washer锁紧[止动, 防松]垫圈electrical panel配电板,配电盘nipple螺纹接头zinc plated镀锌的ring joint环接, 围缘接合bolt螺栓control控制器National Electrical Code全国电气规程master schedule主要图表, 综合图表, 设计任务书, 主要作业表torque wrench转矩扳手job site施工现场flange connection凸缘联接Hard hat安全帽Goggles护目镜stockpile贮存packing list装箱单crate柳条箱purchased material list原材料进货单back-feed反馈wire coil线盘,线卷,NPT thread美国标准锥管螺纹cable gland电缆衬垫terminal block线弧, 接头排接线盒, 接线板, 线夹power drill机械钻connector接线器insulated sleeve绝缘套管wire connector接线器wire terminal电线接头control wiring控制线路motor lead电动机引出线power wiring电力布线tender document提供证件orifice plate挡板nut螺母flange gasket法兰垫片dimensional inspection 尺寸检验burn through烧蚀piping system管道系统reinforcement of weld加强焊缝fabrication制造dye penetrant examination染料渗透试验法magnetic particle examination 磁粉检验girth weld环形焊缝cement lined piping水泥衬里weld joint焊缝, 焊接接头spool drawing管路图, 管路详图spot test抽查, 当场测试butt 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本科生毕业设计 (论文)外文翻译原文标题Lathes译文标题车床简介作者所在系别机械工程系作者所在专业机械设计制造及其自动化作者所在班级xxxx作者姓名xxxx作者学号xxx指导教师姓名xxx指导教师职称xxx完成时间2012 年 2 月北华航天工业学院教务处制译文标题车床简介原文标题Lathes作者(Serope kalpakjian)译名卡尔帕基安国籍美国原文出处/译文:车床车床主要是为了进行车外圆、车端面和镗孔等项工作而设计的机床。

车削很少在其他种类的机床上进行,而且任何一种其他机床都不能像车床那样方便地进行车削加工。

由于车床还可以用来钻孔和铰孔,车床的多功能性可以使工件在一次安装中完成几种加工。

因此,在生产中使用的各种车床比任何其他种类的机床都多。

车床的基本部件有:床身、主轴箱组件、尾座组件、溜板组件、丝杠和光杠。

床身是车床的基础件。

它能常是由经过充分正火或时效处理的灰铸铁或者球墨铁制成。

它是一个坚固的刚性框架,所有其他基本部件都安装在床身上。

通常在床身上有内外两组平行的导轨。

有些制造厂对全部四条导轨都采用导轨尖朝上的三角形导轨(即山形导轨),而有的制造厂则在一组中或者两组中都采用一个三角形导轨和一个矩形导轨。

导轨要经过精密加工以保证其直线度精度。

为了抵抗磨损和擦伤,大多数现代机床的导轨是经过表面淬硬的,但是在操作时还应该小心,以避免损伤导轨。

导轨上的任何误差,常常意味着整个机床的精度遭到破坏。

主轴箱安装在内侧导轨的固定位置上,一般在床身的左端。

它提供动力,并可使工件在各种速度下回转。

它基本上由一个安装在精密轴承中的空心主轴和一系列变速齿轮(类似于卡车变速箱)所组成。

通过变速齿轮,主轴可以在许多种转速下旋转。

大多数车床有8~12种转速,一般按等比级数排列。

而且在现代机床上只需扳动2~4个手柄,就能得到全部转速。

一种正在不断增长的趋势是通过电气的或者机械的装置进行无级变速。

由于机床的精度在很大程度上取决于主轴,因此,主轴的结构尺寸较大,通常安装在预紧后的重型圆锥滚子轴承或球轴承中。

主轴中有一个贯穿全长的通孔,长棒料可以通过该孔送料。

主轴孔的大小是车床的一个重要尺寸,因此当工件必须通过主轴孔供料时,它确定了能够加工的棒料毛坯的最大尺寸。

尾座组件主要由三部分组成。

底板与床身的内侧导轨配合,并可以在导轨上作纵向移动。

底板上有一个可以使整个尾座组件夹紧在任意位置上的装置。

尾座体安装在底板上,可以沿某种类型的键槽在底板上横向移动,使尾座能与主轴箱中的主轴对正。

尾座的第三个组成部分是尾座套筒。

它是一个直径通常大约在51~76mm(2~3英寸)之间的钢制空心圆柱体。

通过手轮和螺杆,尾座套筒可以在尾座体中纵向移入和移出几个英寸。

车床的规格用两个尺寸表示。

第一个称为车床的床面上最大加工直径。

这是在车床上能够旋转的工件的最大直径。

它大约是两顶尖连线与导轨上最近点之间距离的两倍。

第二个规格尺寸是两顶尖之间的最大距离。

车床床面上最大加工直径表示在车床上能够车削的最大工件直径,而两顶尖之间的最大距离则表示在两个顶尖之间能够安装的工件的最大长度。

普通车床是生产中最经常使用的车床种类。

它们是具有前面所叙的所有那些部件的重载机床,并且除了小刀架之外,全部刀具的运动都有机动进给。

它们的规格通常是:车床床面上最大加工直径为305~610mm(12~24英寸);但是,床面上最大加工直径达到1270mm(50英寸)和两顶尖之间距离达到3658mm的车床也并不少见。

这些车床大部分都有切屑盘和一个安装在内部的冷却液循环系统。

小型的普通车床—车床床面最大加工直径一般不超过330mm(13英寸)--被设计成台式车床,其床身安装在工作台或柜子上。

虽然普通车床有很多用途,是很有用的机床,但是更换和调整刀具以及测量工件花费很多时间,所以它们不适合在大量生产中应用。

通常,它们的实际加工时间少于其总加工时间的30%。

此外,需要技术熟练的工人来操作普通车床,这种工人的工资高而且很难雇到。

然而,操作工人的大部分时间却花费在简单的重复调整和观察切屑过程上。

因此,为了减少或者完全不雇用这类熟练工人,六角车床、螺纹加工车床和其他类型的半自动和自动车床已经很好地研制出来,并已经在生产中得到广泛应用。

2.数字控制先进制造技术中的一个基本的概念是数字控制(NC)。

在数控技术出现之前,所有的机床都是由人工操纵和控制的。

在与人工控制的机床有关的很多局限性中,操作者的技能大概是最突出的问题。

采用人工控制是,产品的质量直接与操作者的技能有关。

数字控制代表了从人工控制机床走出来的第一步。

数字控制意味着采用预先录制的、存储的符号指令来控制机床和其他制造系统。

一个数控技师的工作不是去操纵机床,而是编写能够发出机床操纵指令的程序。

对于一台数控机床,其上必须安有一个被称为阅读机的界面装置,用来接受和解译出编程指令。

发展数控技术是为了克服人类操作者的局限性,而且它确实完成了这项工作。

数字控制的机器比人工操纵的机器精度更高、生产出零件的一致性更好、生产速度更快、而且长期的工艺装备成本更低。

数控技术的发展导致了制造工艺中其他几项新发明的产生:数字控制还使得机床比它们采用有人工操的前辈们的用途更为广泛。

一台数控机床可以自动生产很多类的零件,每一个零件都可以有不同的和复杂的加工过程。

数控可以使生产厂家承担那些对于采用人工控制的机床和工艺来说,在经济上是不划算的产品生产任务。

同许多先进技术一样,数控诞生于麻省理工学院的实验室中。

数控这个概念是50年代初在美国空军的资助下提出来的。

在其最初的价段,数控机床可以经济和有效地进行直线切割。

然而,曲线轨迹成为机床加工的一个问题,在编程时应该采用一系列的水平与竖直的台阶来生成曲线。

构成台阶的每一个线段越短,曲线就越光滑。

台阶中的每一个线段都必须经过计算。

在这个问题促使下,于1959年诞生了自动编程工具(APT)语言。

这是一个专门适用于数控的编程语言,使用类似于英语的语句来定义零件的几何形状,描述切削刀具的形状和规定必要的运动。

APT语言的研究和发展是在数控技术进一步发展过程中的一大进步。

最初的数控系统下今天应用的数控系统是有很大差别的。

在那时的机床中,只有硬线逻辑电路。

指令程序写在穿孔纸带上(它后来被塑料带所取代),采用带阅读机将写在纸带或磁带上的指令给机器翻译出来。

所有这些共同构成了机床数字控制方面的巨大进步。

然而,在数控发展的这个阶段中还存在着许多问题。

一个主要问题是穿孔纸带的易损坏性。

在机械加工过程中,载有编程指令信息的纸带断裂和被撕坏是常见的事情。

在机床上每加工一个零件,都需要将载有编程指令的纸带放入阅读机中重新运行一次。

因此,这个问题变得很严重。

如果需要制造100个某种零件,则应该将纸带分别通过阅读机100次。

易损坏的纸带显然不能承受严配的车间环境和这种重复使用。

这就导致了一种专门的塑料磁带的研制。

在纸带上通过采用一系列的小孔来载有编程指令,而在塑料带上通过采用一系列的磁点眯载有编程指令。

塑料带的强度比纸带的强度要高很多,这就可以解决常见的撕坏和断裂问题。

然而,它仍然存在着两个问题。

其中最重要的一个问题是,对输入到带中指令进行修改是非常困难的,或者是根本不可能的。

即使对指令程序进行最微小的调整,也必须中断加工,制作一条新带。

而且带通过阅读机的次数还必须与需要加工的零件的个数相同。

幸运的是,计算机技术的实际应用很快解决了数控技术中与穿孔纸带和塑料带有关的问题。

在形成了直接数字控制(DNC)这个概念之后,可以不再采用纸带或塑料带作为编程指令的载体,这样就解决了与之有关的问题。

在直接数字控制中,几台机床通过数据传输线路联接到一台主计算机上。

操纵这些机床所需要的程序都存储在这台主计算机中。

当需要时,通过数据传输线路提供给每台机床。

直接数字控制是在穿孔纸带和塑料带基础上的一大进步。

然而,它敢有着同其他信赖于主计算机技术一样的局限性。

当主计算机出现故障时,由其控制的所有机床都将停止工作。

这个问题促使了计算机数字控制技术的产生。

微处理器的发展为可编程逻辑控制器和微型计算机的发展做好了准备。

这两种技术为计算机数控(CNC)的发打下了基础。

采用CNC技术后,每台机床上都有一个可编程逻辑控制器或者微机对其进行数字控制。

这可以使得程序被输入和存储在每台机床内部。

它还可以在机床以外编制程序,并将其下载到每台机床中。

计算机数控解决了主计算机发生故障所带来的问题,但是它产生了另一个被称为数据管理的问题。

同一个程序可能要分别装入十个相互之间没有通讯联系的微机中。

这个问题目前正在解决之中,它是通过采用局部区域网络将各个微机联接起来,以得于更好地进行数据管理。

3.车削加工普通车床作为最早的金属切削机床的一种,目前仍然有许多有用的和为人要的特性和为人们所需的特性。

现在,这些机床主要用在规模较小的工厂中,进行小批量的生产,而不是进行大批量的和产。

在现代的生产车间中,普通车床已经被种类繁多的自动车床所取代,诸如自动仿形车床,六角车床和自动螺丝车床。

现在,设计人员已经熟知先利用单刃刀具去除大量的金属余量,然后利用成型刀具获得表面光洁度和精度这种加工方法的优点。

这种加工方法的生产速度与现在工厂中使用的最快的加工设备的速度相等。

普通车床的加偏差主要信赖于操作者的技术熟练程度。

设计工程师应该认真地确定由熟练工人在普通车床上加工的试验件的公差。

在把试验伯重新设计为生产零件时,应该选用经济的公差。

六角车床对生产加工设备来说,目前比过去更注重评价其是否具有精确的和快速的重复加工能力。

应用这个标准来评价具体的加工方法,六角车床可以获得较高的质量评定。

在为小批量的零件(100~200件)设计加工方法时,采用六角车床是最经济的。

为了在六角车床上获得尽可能小的公差值,设计人员应该尽量将加工工序的数目减至最少。

自动螺丝车床自动螺丝车床通被分为以下几种类型:单轴自动、多轴自动和自动夹紧车床。

自动螺丝车床最初是被用来对螺钉和类似的带有螺纹的零件进行自动化和快速加工的。

但是,这种车床的用途早就超过了这个狭窄的范围。

现在,它在许多种类的精密零件的大批量生产中起着重要的作用。

工件的数量对采用自动螺丝车床所加工的零件的经济性有较大的影响。

如果工件的数量少于1000件,在六角车床上进行加工比在自动螺丝车床上加工要经济得多。

如果计算出最小经济批量,并且针对工件批量正确地选择机床,就会降低零件的加工成本。

自动仿形车床因为零件的表面粗糙度在很大程度上取决于工件材料、刀具、进给量和切削速度,采用自动仿形车床加工所得到的最小公差一定是最经济的公差。

在某些情况下,在连续生产过程中,只进行一次切削加工时的公差可以达到0.05mm。

对于某些零件,槽宽的公差可以达到0.125mm。

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