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statistica 全套教程包括数据挖掘

statistica 全套教程包括数据挖掘

BASIC STATISTICS AND TABLES ............................................ 错误!未定义书签。

Basic Statistics and Tables--Descriptive Statistics......................... 错误!未定义书签。

Basic Statistics and Tables--Correlation Matrices............................. 错误!未定义书签。

Basic Statistics and Tables--t-Test, Independent, by Groups......... 错误!未定义书签。

Basic Statistics and Tables--t-Test for Independent Samples, by Variables . 错误!未定义书签。

Basic Statistics and Tables--t-Test, Dependent samples................... 错误!未定义书签。

Basic Statistics and Tables--t-Test, Single Sample........................... 错误!未定义书签。

Basic Statistics and Tables--Frequency Tables..................................... 错误!未定义书签。

Basic Statistics and Tables--Breakdown and One-Way ANOVA............... 错误!未定义书签。

Basic Statistics and Tables--Crosstabulation Tables......................... 错误!未定义书签。

Statistica 统计实例使用教程

Statistica 统计实例使用教程

Here we alter the type to “Doubles”
We can employ the “Data” items and visit “Text Labels”
Translate them and press “OK” button
Here we can change the color of all the “Text Label”
1.Point to the tab control “Options” 2.Change the choice of “Display detail table of” and click the button ”Summary”
Null Hypothesis: there are no correlation between age and salary Alternative Hypothesis: there are remarkable correlation between age and salary Result: Deny the Null Hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis
Press “OK” button
When we finished translating all the variables, we found that the space was not enough for holding the items we need. So we need to change the heights and widths. Then It looks more comfortable.
Basic Operation for Data
By Yeaker Cao College of Life Science of Hubei University

statistic用法

statistic用法

statistic用法Statistic是一个英语单词,它的意思是“统计学”,也可以指“统计数据”。

在日常生活中,我们经常会用到Statistic这个词,尤其是在工作或学习中需要进行数据分析和处理的时候。

下面将详细介绍Statistic的用法。

一、作为名词使用1.1 指统计学Statistic作为名词时,最常见的用法是指“统计学”。

例如:- Statistics is a branch of mathematics that deals with the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.(统计学是数学的一个分支,它涉及数据的收集、分析、解释、展示和组织。

)- He has a degree in statistics.(他拥有一份统计学学位。

)1.2 指统计数据Statistic还可以指“统计数据”。

例如:- The statistic shows that the unemployment rate has increased by 2% in the last quarter.(这个统计数据显示,上个季度失业率增加了2%。

)- According to the statistics, the number of tourists visiting this city has doubled in the past year.(根据统计数据,去年来访该市的游客数量翻了一番。

)二、作为形容词使用Statistic还可以作为形容词使用,表示“统计的”、“统计学的”。

例如:- The statistic analysis of the data reveals some interesting patterns.(对数据进行的统计分析揭示了一些有趣的模式。

)- She is a statistician who specializes in statistical modeling.(她是一位专门从事统计建模的统计学家。

SPC常用术语

SPC常用术语

SPC常用术语1、高级统计方法(AdvancedStatisticalMethods)-比基本的统计方法更复杂的统计过程分析及控制技术,包括更高级的控制图技术、回归分析、试验设计、先进的解决问题的技术等。

2、计数型数据(AttributesData)可以用来记录和分析的定性数据,例如:要求的标签出现,所有要求的紧固件安装,经费报告中不出现错误等特性量即为计数型数据的例子。

其他的例子如一些本来就可测量(即可以作为计量型数据处理)只是其结果用简单的“是/否”的形式来记录,例如:用通过/不通过量规来检验一根轴的直径的可接受性,或一张图样上任何设计更改的出现。

计数型数据通常以不合格品或不合格的形式收集,它们通过p、np、c和u控制图来分析(参见计量型数据)。

3、均值(Average)(参见平均值Mean)数值的总和被其个数(样本容量)除,在被平均的值的符号上加一横线表示。

例如,在一个子组内的x值的平均值记为X,X(X两横)为子组平均值的平均值,X(X上加一波浪线)为子组中位数的平均值。

R为子组极差的平均值。

4、认知(AwarenesS个人对质量和生产率相互关系的理解,把注意力引导到管理义务的要求和达到持续改进的统计思想上。

5、基本的统计方法(BasicStatisticalMethods)通过使用基本的解决问题的技术和统计过程控制来应用变差理论,包括控制图的绘制和解释(适用于计量型数据和计数型数据)和能力分析。

6、二项分布(BinomialDistribution)应用于合格和不合格的计数型数据的离散型概率分布。

是p和np控制图的基础。

7、因果图(Cause-EffectDiagram)一种用于解决单个或成组问题的简单工具,它对各种过程要素采用图形描述来分析过程可能的变差源。

也被称作鱼刺图(以其形状命名)或石川图(以其发明者命名)。

8、中心线(CentralLine)控制图上的一条线,代表所给数据平均值。

常见课程英文名

常见课程英文名

高等数学Advanced Mathematics工程数学Engineering Mathematics中国革命史History of Chinese Revolutionary程序设计Programming Design机械制图Mechanical Drawing社会学Sociology体育Physical Education物理实验Physical Experiments电路Circuit物理Physics哲学Philosophy法律基础Basic of Law理论力学Theoretical Mechanics材料力学Material Mechanics电机学Electrical Machinery政治经济学Political Economy自动控制理论Automatic Control Theory模拟电子技术基础Basis of Analogue Electronic Technique数字电子技术Digital Electrical Technique电磁场Electromagnetic Field微机原理Principle of Microcomputer企业管理Business Management专业英语Specialized English可编程序控制技术Controlling Technique for Programming金工实习Metal Working Practice毕业实习Graduation Practice毕业设计Graduation ProjectXX课程设计Project of XX电力系统稳态分析Steady-State Analysis of Power System电力系统暂态分析Transient-State Analysis of Power System电力系统继电保护原理Principle of Electrical System's Relay Protection 电力系统元件保护原理Protection Principle of Power System 's Element 电力系统内部过电压Past Voltage within Power system大学英语College English高等代数Advanced AlgebraPASCAL语言PASCAL LanguageC语言C Language汇编语言Assembly Language操作系统Operating System微机接口技术Microcomputer Interface Technique数据结构Data Structure计算机网络Computer Network计算机控制技术Computer Cortrol Technique数据库技术Database Technique专家系统Expert System毕业设计Graduation Project高等数学Advanced Mathematics体育Physical Education德育Moralism机械制图Mechanical Drawing工程数学Engineering Mathematics电工学Electrotechnics计算方法Computing Method微机原理Principle of Microcomputer概率学Probability信息系统分析与设计Information System Analyse and design 编译方法Translate and edit Method专业英语阅读Specialized English Reading普通物理学General Physics数字电子技术Digital Electrical Technique高等代数Elementary Algebra数学分析Mathematical Analysis中共党史History of the Chinese Communist Party算法语言Algorithmic Language体育Physical Education英语English Language力学实验Mechanics-Practical德育Moral EducationPASCAL语言PASCAL Language政治经济学Political Economics电学实验Electrical Experiment数字逻辑Mathematical Logic普通物理General Physics计算方法Computing Method离散数学Discrete Mathematics汇编原理Principles of Assembly概率与统计Probability & Statistics数据结构Data Structure哲学Philosophy微机原理Principles of Microcomputer编译方法Compilation Method系统结构System Structure操作系统原理Principles of Operating System文献检索document.tion Retrieval数据库概论Introduction to Database网络原理Principles of Network人工智能Artificial Intelligence算法分析Algorithm Analysis毕业论文Graduation Thesis---------------------自然辩证法Natural Dialectics英语English Language数理统计Numeral Statistic/Numerical Statistic人工智能及其体系结构Artificial Intelligence & its Architecture高级数理逻辑Advanced Numerical Logic高级程序设计语言的设计与实现Advanced Programming Language's Design & Implementation软件工程基础Foundation of Software Engineering专业英语Specialized English计算机网络Computer Network高级计算机体系结构Advanced Computer ArchitectureIBM汇编及高级语言的接口IBM Assembly & its Interfaces with Advanced Programming Languages分布式计算机系统Distributed Computer System / Distributed System计算机网络实验Computer Network ExperimentAdvanced Computational Fluid Dynamics 高等计算流体力学Advanced Mathematics 高等数学Advanced Numerical Analysis 高等数值分析Algorithmic Language 算法语言Analogical Electronics 模拟电子电路Artificial Intelligence Programming 人工智能程序设计Audit 审计学Automatic Control System 自动控制系统Automatic Control Theory 自动控制理论Auto-Measurement Technique 自动检测技术Basis of Software Technique 软件技术基础Calculus 微积分Catalysis Principles 催化原理Chemical Engineering document.nbspRetrieval 化工文献检索Circuitry 电子线路College English 大学英语College English Test (Band 4) CET-4College English Test (Band 6) CET-6College Physics 大学物理Communication Fundamentals 通信原理Comparative Economics 比较经济学Complex Analysis 复变函数论Computational Method 计算方法Computer Graphics 图形学原理computer organization 计算机组成原理computer architecture 计算机系统结构Computer Interface Technology 计算机接口技术Contract Law 合同法Cost Accounting 成本会计Circuit Measurement Technology 电路测试技术Database Principles 数据库原理Design & Analysis System 系统分析与设计Developmental Economics 发展经济学discrete mathematics 离散数学Digital Electronics 数字电子电路Digital Image Processing 数字图像处理Digital Signal Processing 数字信号处理Econometrics 经济计量学Economical Efficiency Analysis for Chemical Technology 化工技术经济分析Economy of Capitalism 资本主义经济Electromagnetic Fields & Magnetic Waves 电磁场与电磁波Electrical Engineering Practice 电工实习Enterprise Accounting 企业会计学Equations of Mathematical Physics 数理方程Experiment of College Physics 物理实验Experiment of Microcomputer 微机实验Experiment in Electronic Circuitry 电子线路实验Fiber Optical Communication System 光纤通讯系统Finance 财政学Financial Accounting 财务会计Fine Arts 美术Functions of a Complex Variable 单复变函数Functions of Complex Variables 复变函数Functions of Complex Variables & Integral Transformations 复变函数与积分变换Fundamentals of Law 法律基础Fuzzy Mathematics 模糊数学General Physics 普通物理Graduation Project(Thesis) 毕业设计(论文)Graph theory 图论Heat Transfer Theory 传热学History of Chinese Revolution 中国革命史Industrial Economics 工业经济学Information Searches 情报检索Integral Transformation 积分变换Intelligent robot(s); Intelligence robot 智能机器人International Business Administration 国际企业管理International Clearance 国际结算International Finance 国际金融International Relation 国际关系International Trade 国际贸易Introduction to Chinese Tradition 中国传统文化Introduction to Modern Science & Technology 当代科技概论Introduction to Reliability Technology 可靠性技术导论Java Language Programming Java 程序设计Lab of General Physics 普通物理实验Linear Algebra 线性代数Management Accounting 管理会计学Management Information System 管理信息系统Mechanic Design 机械设计Mechanical Graphing 机械制图Merchandise Advertisement 商品广告学Metalworking Practice 金工实习Microcomputer Control Technology 微机控制技术Microeconomics & Macroeconomics 西方经济学Microwave Technique 微波技术Military Theory 军事理论Modern Communication System 现代通信系统Modern Enterprise System 现代企业制度Monetary Banking 货币银行学Motor Elements and Power Supply 电机电器与供电Moving Communication 移动通讯Music 音乐Network Technology 网络技术Numeric Calculation 数值计算Oil Application and Addition Agent 油品应用及添加剂Operation & Control of National Economy 国民经济运行与调控Operational Research 运筹学Optimum Control 最优控制Petroleum Chemistry 石油化学Petroleum Engineering Technique 石油化工工艺学Philosophy 哲学Physical Education 体育Political Economics 政治经济学principle of compiling 编译原理Primary Circuit (反应堆)一回路Principle of Communication 通讯原理Principle of Marxism 马克思主义原理Principle of Mechanics 机械原理Principle of Microcomputer 微机原理Principle of Sensing Device 传感器原理Principle of Single Chip Computer 单片机原理Principles of Management 管理学原理Probability Theory & Stochastic Process 概率论与随机过程Procedure Control 过程控制Programming with Pascal Language Pascal语言编程Programming with C Language C语言编程Property Evaluation 工业资产评估Public Relation 公共关系学Pulse & Numerical Circuitry 脉冲与数字电路Refinery Heat Transfer Equipment 炼厂传热设备Satellite Communications 卫星通信Semiconductor Converting Technology 半导体变流技术Set Theory 集合论Signal & Linear System 信号与线性系统Social Research 社会调查software engineering 软件工程SPC Exchange Fundamentals 程控交换原理Specialty English 专业英语Statistics 统计学Stock Investment 证券投资学Strategic Management for Industrial Enterprises 工业企业战略管理Technological Economics 技术经济学Television Operation 电视原理Theory of Circuitry 电路理论Turbulent Flow Simulation and Application 湍流模拟及其应用Visual C++ Programming Visual C++程序设计Windows NT Operating System Principles Windows NT操作系统原理Word Processing 数据处理生物物理学Biophysics真空冷冻干燥技术Vacuum Freezing & Drying Technology16位微机16 Digit MicrocomputerALGOL语言ALGOL LanguageBASIC 语言BASIC LanguageBASIC 语言及应用BASIC Language & ApplicationC 语言C LanguageCAD 概论Introduction to CADCAD/CAM CAD/CAMCOBOL语言COBOL LanguageCOBOL语言程序设计COBOL Language Program DesigningC与UNIX环境C Language & Unix EnvironmentC语言与生物医学信息处理C Language & Biomedical Information Processing dBASE Ⅲ课程设计C ourse Exercise in dBASE ⅢFORTRAN语言FORTRAN LanguageIBM-PC/XT Fundamentals of Microcomputer IBM-PC/XTIBM-PC微机原理Fundamentals of Microcomputer IBM-PCLSI设计基础Basic of LSI DesigningPASCAL大型作业PASCAL Wide Range WorkingPASCAL课程设计Course Exercise in PASCALX射线与电镜X-ray & Electric MicroscopeZ-80汇编语言程序设计Z-80 Pragramming in Assembly Languages板壳理论Plate Theory板壳力学Plate Mechanics半波实验Semiwave Experiment半导体变流技术Semiconductor Converting Technology半导体材料Semiconductor Materials半导体测量Measurement of Semiconductors半导体瓷敏元件Semiconductor Porcelain-Sensitive Elements半导体光电子学Semiconductor Optic Electronics半导体化学Semiconductor Chemistry半导体激光器Semiconductor Laser Unit半导体集成电路Semiconductor Integrated Circuitry半导体理论Semiconductive Theory半导体器件Semiconductor Devices半导体器件工艺原理Technological Fundamentals of Semiconductor Device半导体物理Semiconductor Physics半导体专业Semiconduction Specialty半导体专业实验Specialty Experiment of Semiconductor薄膜光学Film Optics报告文学专题Special Subject On Reportage报刊编辑学Newspaper & Magazine Editing报纸编辑学Newspaper Editing泵与风机Pumps and Fans泵与水机Pumps & Water Turbines毕业设计Graduation Thesis编译方法Methods of Compiling编译技术Technique of Compiling编译原理Fundamentals of Compiling变电站的微机检测与控制Computer Testing & Control in Transformer Substation变分法与张量Calculus of Variations & Tensor变分学Calculus of Variations变质量系统热力学与新型回转压Variable Quality System Thermal Mechanics &Neo-Ro表面活性物质Surface Reactive Materials并行算法Parallel Algorithmic波谱学Wave Spectrum材料的力学性能测试Measurement of Material Mechanical Performance 材料力学Mechanics of Materials财务成本管理Financial Cost Management财政学Public Finance财政与金融Finance & Banking财政与信贷Finance & Credit操作系统Disk Operating System操作系统课程设计Course Design in Disk Operating System操作系统原理Fundamentals of Disk Operating System策波测量技术Technique of Whip Wave Measurement测量原理与仪器设计Measurement Fundamentals & Meter Design测试技术Testing Technology测试与信号变换处理Testing & Signal Transformation Processing产业经济学Industrial Economy产业组织学Industrial Organization Technoooligy场论Field Theory常微分方程Ordinary Differentical Equations超导磁体及应用Superconductive Magnet & Application超导及应用Superconductive & Application超精微细加工Super-Precision & Minuteness Processing城市规划原理Fundamentals of City Planning城市社会学Urban Sociology成组技术Grouping Technique齿轮啮合原理Principles of Gear Connection冲击测量及误差Punching Measurement & Error冲压工艺Sheet Metal Forming Technology抽象代数Abstract Algebra传动概论Introduction to Transmission传感器与检测技术Sensors & Testing Technology传感器原理Fundamentals of Sensors传感器原理及应用Fundamentals of Sensors & Application传热学Heat Transfer传坳概论Introduction to Pass Col船舶操纵Ship Controling船舶电力系统Ship Electrical Power System船舶电力系统课程设计Course Exercise in Ship Electrical Power System 船舶电气传动自动化Ship Electrified Transmission Automation船舶电站Ship Power Station船舶动力装置Ship Power Equipment船舶概论Introduction to Ships船舶焊接与材料Welding & Materials on Ship船舶机械控制技术Mechanic Control Technology for Ships船舶机械拖动Ship Mechamic Towage船舶建筑美学Artistic Designing of Ships船舶结构力学Structual Mechamics for Ships船舶结构与制图Ship Structure & Graphing船舶静力学Ship Statics船舶强度与结构设计Designing Ship Intensity & Structure船舶设计原理Principles of Ship Designing船舶推进Ship Propeling船舶摇摆Ship Swaying船舶阻力Ship Resistance船体建造工艺Ship-Building Technology船体结构Ship Structure船体结构图Ship Structure Graphing船体振动学Ship Vibration创造心理学Creativity Psychology磁测量技术Magnetic Measurement Technology磁传感器Magnetic Sensor磁存储设备设计原理Fundamental Design of Magnetic Memory Equipment 磁记录技术Magnetographic Technology磁记录物理Magnetographic Physics磁路设计与场计算Magnetic Path Designing & Magnetic Field Calculati磁盘控制器Magnetic Disk Controler磁性材料Magnetic Materials磁性测量Magnetic Measurement磁性物理Magnetophysics磁原理及应用Principles of Catalyzation & Application大电流测量Super-Current Measurement大电源测量Super-Power Measurement大机组协调控制Coordination & Control of Generator Networks大跨度房屋结构Large-Span House structure大型锅炉概况Introduction to Large-Volume Boilers大型火电机组控制Control of Large Thermal Power Generator Networks大学德语College German大学俄语College Russian大学法语College French大学日语College Japanese大学英语College English大学语文College Chinese大众传播学Mass Media代用运放电路Simulated Transmittal Circuit单片机原理Fundamentals of Mono-Chip Computers单片机原理及应用Fundamentals of Mono-Chip Computers & Applications 弹性力学Theory of Elastic Mechanics当代国际关系Contemporary International Relationship当代国外社会思维评价Evaluation of Contemporary Foreign Social Thought当代文学Contemporary Literature当代文学专题Topics on Contemporary Literature当代西方哲学Contemporary Western Philosophy当代戏剧与电影Contemporary Drama & Films党史History of the Party导波光学Wave Guiding Optics等离子体工程Plasma Engineering低频电子线路Low Frequency Electric Circuit低温传热学Cryo Conduction低温固体物理Cryo Solid Physics低温技术原理与装置Fundamentals of Cryo Technology & Equipment低温技术中的微机原理Priciples of Microcomputer in Cryo Technology低温绝热Cryo Heat Insulation低温气体制冷机Cryo Gas Refrigerator低温热管Cryo Heat Tube低温设备Cryo Equipment低温生物冻干技术Biological Cryo Freezing Drying Technology低温实验技术Cryo Experimentation Technology低温物理导论Cryo Physic Concepts低温物理概论Cryo Physic Concepts低温物理概念Cryo Physic Concepts低温仪表及测试Cryo Meters & Measurement低温原理Cryo Fundamentals低温中的微机应用Application of Microcomputer in Cryo Technology低温装置Cryo Equipment低噪声电子电路Low-Noise Electric Circuit低噪声电子设计Low-Noise Electronic Designing低噪声放大与弱检Low-Noise Increasing & Decreasing低噪声与弱信号检测Detection of Low Noise & Weak Signals地理Geography第二次世界大战史History of World War II电测量技术Electric Measurement Technology电厂计算机控制系统Computer Control System in Power Plants电磁测量实验技术Electromagnetic Measurement Experiment & Technology 电磁场计算机Electromagnetic Field Computers电磁场理论Theory of Electromagnetic Fields电磁场数值计算Numerical Calculation of Electromagnetic Fields电磁场与电磁波Electromagnetic Fields & Magnetic Waves电磁场与微波技术Electromagnetic Fields & Micro-Wave Technology电磁场中的数值方法Numerical Methods in Electromagnetic Fields电磁场中的数值计算Numerical Calculation in Electromagnetic Fields电磁学Electromagnetics电动力学Electrodynamics电镀Plating电分析化学Electro-Analytical Chemistry电工测试技术基础Testing Technology of Electrical Engineering电工产品学Electrotechnical Products电工电子技术基础Electrical Technology & Electrical Engineering电工电子学Electronics in Electrical Engineering电工基础Fundamental Theory of Electrical Engineering电工基础理论Fundamental Theory of Electrical Engineering电工基础实验Basic Experiment in Electrical Engineering电工技术Electrotechnics电工技术基础Fundamentals of Electrotechnics电工实习Electrical Engineering Practice电工实验技术基础Experiment Technology of Electrical Engineering电工学Electrical Engineering电工与电机控制Electrical Engineering & Motor Control电弧电接触Electrical Arc Contact电弧焊及电渣焊Electric Arc Welding & Electroslag Welding电化学测试技术Electrochemical Measurement Technology电化学工程Electrochemical Engineering电化学工艺学Electrochemical Technology电机测试技术Motor Measuring Technology电机电磁场的分析与计算Analysis & Calculation of Electrical Motor & Electromagnetic Fields电机电器与供电Motor Elements and Power Supply电机课程设计Course Exercise in Electric Engine电机绕组理论Theory of Motor Winding电机绕组理论及应用Theory & Application of Motor Winding电机设计Design of Electrical Motor电机瞬变过程Electrical Motor Change Processes电机学Electrical Motor电机学及控制电机Electrical Machinery Control & Technology电机与拖动Electrical Machinery & Towage电机原理Principle of Electric Engine电机原理与拖动Principles of Electrical Machinery & Towage电机专题Lectures on Electric Engine电接触与电弧Electrical Contact & Electrical Arc电介质物理Dielectric Physics电镜Electronic Speculum电力电子电路Power Electronic Circuit电力电子电器Power Electronic Equipment电力电子器件Power Electronic Devices电力电子学Power Electronics电力工程Electrical Power Engineering电力生产技术Technology of Electrical Power Generation电力生产优化管理Optimal Management of Electrical Power Generation电力拖动基础Fundamentals for Electrical Towage电力拖动控制系统Electrical Towage Control Systems电力系统Power Systems电力系统电源最优化规划Optimal Planning of Power Source in a Power System电力系统短路Power System Shortcuts电力系统分析Power System 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Electronic Technology & Experiment电子技术课程设计Course Exercise in Electronic Technology电子技术实验Experiment in Electronic Technology电子理论实验Experiment in Electronic Theory电子显微分析Electronic Micro-Analysis电子显微镜Electronic Microscope电子线路Electronic Circuit电子线路设计与测试技术Electronic Circuit Design & Measurement Technology电子线路实验Experiment in Electronic Circuit电子照相技术Electronic Photographing Technology雕塑艺术欣赏Appreciation of Sculptural Art调节装置Regulation Equipment动态规划Dynamic Programming动态无损检测Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement动态信号分析与仪器Dynamic Signal Analysis & Apparatus锻压工艺Forging Technology锻压机械液压传动Hydraulic Transmission in Forging Machinery锻压加热设备Forging Heating Equipment锻压设备专题Lectures on Forging Press Equipments锻压系统动力学Dynamics of Forging System锻造工艺Forging Technology断裂力学Fracture Mechanics对外贸易概论Introduction to International Trade多层网络方法Multi-Layer Network Technology多目标优化方法Multipurpose Optimal Method多项距阵Multi-Nominal Matrix多元统计分析Multi-Variate Statistical Analysis发电厂Power Plant发电厂电气部分Electric Elements of Power Plants法律基础Fundamentals of Law法学概论An Introduction to Science of Law法学基础Fundamentals of Science of Law翻译Translation翻译理论与技巧Theory & Skills of Translation泛函分析Functional Analysis房屋建筑学Architectural Design & Construction非电量测量Non-Electricity Measurement非金属材料Non-Metal Materials非线性采样系统Non-Linear Sampling System非线性光学Non-Linear Optics非线性规划Non-Linear Programming非线性振荡Non-Linear Ocsillation非线性振动Non-Linear Vibration沸腾燃烧Boiling Combustion分析化学Analytical Chemistry分析化学实验Analytical Chemistry Experiment分析力学Analytical Mechanics风机调节Fan Regulation风机调节.使用.运转Regulation,Application & Operation of Fans风机三元流动理论与设计Tri-Variate Movement Theory & Design of Fans 风能利用Wind Power Utilization腐蚀电化学实验Experiment in Erosive Electrochemistry复变函数Complex Variables Functions复变函数与积分变换Functions of Complex Variables & Integral Transformation复合材料力学Compound Material Mechanics傅里叶光学Fourier Optics概率论Probability Theory概率论与数理统计Probability Theory & Mathematical Statistics概率论与随机过程Probability Theory & Stochastic Process钢笔画Pen Drawing钢的热处理Heat-Treatment of Steel钢结构Steel Structure钢筋混凝土Reinforced Concrete钢筋混凝土及砖石结构Reinforced Concrete & Brick Structure钢砼结构Reinforced Concrete Structure高层建筑基础设计Designing bases of High Rising Buildings高层建筑结构设计Designing Structures of High Rising Buildings高等材料力学Advanced Material Mechanics高等代数Advanced Algebra高等教育管理Higher Education Management高等教育史History of Higher Education高等教育学Higher Education高等数学Advanced Mathematics高电压技术High-Voltage Technology高电压测试技术High-Voltage Test Technology高分子材料High Polymer Material高分子材料及加工High Polymer Material & Porcessing高分子化学High Polymer Chemistry高分子化学实验High Polymer Chemistry Experiment高分子物理High Polymer Physics高分子物理实验High Polymer Physics Experiment高级英语听说Advanced English Listening & Speaking高能密束焊High Energy-Dense Beam Welding高频电路High-Frenquency Circuit高频电子技术High-Frenquency Electronic Technology高频电子线路High-Frenquency Electronic Circuit高压测量技术High-Voltage Measurement Technology高压测试技术High-Voltage Testing Technology高压电场的数值计算Numerical Calculation in High-Voltage Electronic Field高压电器High-Voltage Electrical Appliances高压绝缘High-Voltage Insulation高压实验High-Voltage Experimentation高压试验技术High-Voltage Experimentation Technology工程材料的力学性能测试Mechanic Testing of Engineering Materials工程材料及热处理Engineering Material and Heat Treatment工程材料学Engineering Materials工程测量Engineering Surveying工程测试技术Engineering Testing Technique工程测试实验Experiment on Engineering Testing工程测试信息Information of Engineering Testing工程动力学Engineering Dynamics工程概论Introduction to Engineering工程概预算Project Budget工程经济学Engineering Economics工程静力学Engineering Statics工程力学Engineering Mechanics工程热力学Engineering Thermodynamics工程项目评估Engineering Project Evaluation工程优化方法Engineering Optimizational Method工程运动学Engineering Kinematics工程造价管理Engineering Cost Management工程制图Graphing of Engineering工业分析Industrial Analysis工业锅炉Industrial Boiler工业会计学Industrial Accounting工业机器人Industrial Robot工业技术基础Basic Industrial Technology工业建筑设计原理Principles of Industrial Building Design工业经济理论Industrial Economic Theory工业经济学Industrial Economics工业企业财务管理Industrial Enterprise Financial Management工业企业财务会计Accounting in Industrial Enterprises工业企业管理Industrial Enterprise Management工业企业经营管理Industrial Enterprise Adminstrative Management 工业社会学Industrial Sociology工业心理学Industrial Psychology工业窑炉Industrial Stoves工艺过程自动化Technics Process Automation公差Common Difference公差技术测量Technical Measurement with Common Difference公差与配合Common Difference & Cooperation公共关系学Public Relations公文写作document.nbspWriting古代汉语Ancient Chinese古典文学作品选读Selected Readings in Classical Literature固体激光Solid State Laser固体激光器件Solid Laser Elements固体激光与电源Solid State Laser & Power Unit固体物理Solid State Physics管理概论Introduction to Management管理经济学Management Economics管理数学Management Mathematics管理系统模拟Management System Simulation管理心理学Management Psychology管理信息系统Management Information Systems光波导理论Light Wave Guide Theory光电技术Photoelectric Technology光电信号处理Photoelectric Signal Processing光电信号与系统分析Photoelectric Signal & Systematic Analysis光辐射探测技术Ray Radiation Detection Technology光谱Spectrum光谱分析Spectral Analysis光谱学Spectroscopy光纤传感Fibre Optical Sensors光纤传感器Fibre Optical Sensors光纤传感器基础Fundamentals of Fibre Optical Sensors光纤传感器及应用Fibre Optical Sensors & Applications光纤光学课程设计Course Design of Fibre Optical光纤技术实验Experiments in Fibre Optical Technology光纤通信基础Basis of Fibre Optical Communication光学Optics光学测量Optical Measurement光学分析法Optical Analysis Method光学计量仪器设计Optical Instrument Gauge Designing光学检测Optical Detection光学设计Optical Design光学信息导论Introduction of Optical Infomation光学仪器设计Optical Instrument Designing光学仪器与计量仪器设计Optical Instrument & Gauge Instrument Designing 光学仪器装配与校正Optical Instrument Installation & Adjustment广播编辑学Broadcast Editing广播新闻Broadcast Journalism广播新闻采写Broadcast Journalism Collection & Composition广告学Advertisement锅炉燃烧理论Theory of Boiler Combustion锅炉热交换传热强化Boiler Heat Exchange,Condction & Intensification锅炉原理Principles of Boiler国际金融International Finance国际经济法International Economic Law国际贸易International Trade国际贸易地理International Trade Geography国际贸易实务International Trade Affairs国际市场学International Marketing国际市场营销International Marketing国民经济计划National Economical Planning国外社会学理论Overseas Theories of Sociology过程(控制)调节装置Process(Control) Adjustment Device过程调节系统Process Adjustment System过程控制Process Control过程控制系统Process Control System海洋测量Ocean Surveying海洋工程概论Introduction to Ocean Engineering函数分析Functional Analysis焊接方法Welding Method焊接方法及设备Welding Method & Equipment焊接检验Welding Testing焊接结构Welding Structure焊接金相Welding Fractography焊接金相分析Welding Fractography Analysis焊接冶金Welding Metallurgy焊接原理Fundamentals of Welding焊接原理及工艺Fundamentals of Welding & Technology焊接自动化Automation of Welding汉语Chinese汉语与写作Chinese & Composition汉语语法研究Research on Chinese Grammar汉字信息处理技术Technology of Chinese Information Processing毫微秒脉冲技术Millimicrosecond Pusle Technique核动力技术Nuclear Power Technology合唱与指挥Chorus & Conduction合金钢Alloy Steel宏观经济学Macro-Economics宏微观经济学Macro Micro Economics红外CCD Infrared CCD红外电荷耦合器Infrared Electric Charge Coupler红外探测器Infrared Detectors红外物理Infrared Physics红外物理与技术Infrared Physics & Technology红外系统Infrared System红外系统电信号处理Processing Electric Signals from Infrared Systems厚薄膜集成电路Thick & Thin Film Integrated Circuit弧焊电源Arc Welding Power弧焊原理Arc Welding Principles互换性技术测量基础Basic Technology of Exchangeability Measurement互换性技术测量Technology of Exchangeability Measurement互换性与技术测量Elementary Technology of Exchangeability Measurement互换性与技术测量实验Experiment of Exchangeability Measurement Technology画法几何及机械制图Descriptive Geometry & Mechanical Graphing画法几何与阴影透视Descriptive Geometry,Shadow and Perspective化工基础Elementary Chemical Industry化工仪表与自动化Chemical Meters & Automation化工原理Principles of Chemical Industry化学Chemistry化学反应工程Chemical Reaction Engineering化学分离Chemical Decomposition化学工程基础Elementary Chemical Engineering化学计量学Chemical Measurement化学文献Chemical Literature化学文献及查阅方法Chemical Literature & Consulting Method化学粘结剂Chemical Felter环境保护理论基础Basic Theory of Environmental Protection环境化学Environomental Chemistry环境行为概论Introduction to Environmental Behavior。

科学计算器说明书

科学计算器说明书

1CONTENTSHOW TO OPERATERead Before UsingFunctions and Key OperationsON/OFF, entry correction keys 6Data entry keys 7Random key 8Modify key9Basic arithmetic keys, parentheses 10Percent11Inverse, square, cube, x th power of y , square root, cube root, x th root of y1210 to the power of x , common logarithm, logarithm of x to base a13e to the power of x , natural logarithm 14Factorials15Permutations, combinations 16Time calculation17Fractional calculations 18Memory calculations 19Last answer memory 20User-defined functions 21Absolute value22Trigonometric functions 23Arc trigonometric functions 24Hyperbolic functions 25Coordinate conversion26Binary, pental, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal operations (N-base) 27Key layout2Reset switch/Display pattern3Display format and decimal setting function 3-4Exponent display 4Angular unit 5STATISTICS FUNCTIONSData input and correction28“ANS” keys for 1-variable statistics 29Data correction30-32“ANS” keys for 2-variable statistics33~~© Sharp Corporation2How to OperateMode key<Example>1. KEY LAYOUT≈Read Before Using ≈This operation guide has been written based on the EL-W531, EL-W531G, andEL-W531H models. Some functions described here are not featured on other models. In addition, key operations and symbols on the display may differ according to the model.(SD): Single variable statistic calculation (LINE): Linear regression calculation (QUAD): Quadratic regression calculation (E_EXP): Eular Exponential regression calculation (LOG): Logarithmic regression calculation (POWER): Power regression calculation(INV): Inverse regression calculation (EXP):Exponential regression calculation 2nd function, ALPHA keysPressing these keys will enable the functions written in orange (2nd F) or green (ALPHA) above the calculator buttons.This calculator can operate in three different modes as follows.[Normal mode]•Mode = 0; normal modefor performing normal arithmetic and function calculations.ON/C, OFF key Direct function<Power on><Power off>2nd functionWritten in orange above the ON/C key[STAT mode]•Mode = 1; mode forperforming 1- or 2-variable statistical calculations. To select the statistical sub-mode, press thecorresponding number key after .[Drill mode]•Mode = 2; mode for performing drillcalculations. To select the drill sub-mode, press the corresponding number key after .(MATH): Math drill(TABLE): Multiplication table drill© Sharp Corporation(FIX mode TAB = 3)(SCI mode)(ENG mode)(normal mode)6Turns the calculator on or clears the data. It also clears the contents of the calculator display and voids any calculator command; however, coefficients in 3-variable linear equations and statistics, as well as values stored in the independent memory in normal mode, are not erased.Clears all internal values, including the last answer (ANS) and statistics. Values stored in memory in normal mode are not erased.These arrow keys are useful for Multi-Line playback, which lets you scroll through calculation steps one by one.Turns the calculator off.These keys are useful for editing equations. The key moves the cursor to the left, and the key moves the cursor to the right. The key deletes the symbol/number at the left of the cursor, and the key deletes the symbol/number at the cursor.≈Functions and Key Operations ≈ON/OFF, Entry Correction Keys© Sharp Corporation8Random Key<Example>0. *** (A random number is generated.)[Random Dice]To simulate a die-rolling, a random integer between 1 and 6 can be generated by pressing . To generate the next random dice number, press .[Random Coin]To simulate a coin flip, 0 (heads) or 1 (tails) can be randomly generated by pressing . To generate the next random coin number, press .[Random Integer]An integer between 0 and 99 can be generated randomly by pressing . To generate the next random integer, press .Generates random numbers.Random numbers are three-decimal-place values between 0.000 and 0.999. Using this function enables the user to obtain unbiased sampling data derived from random values generated by the calculator. (Using line mode is preferable since in W-View mode, the numbers are generated by fractions.)APPLICATIONS:Building sample sets for statistics or research.© Sharp Corporation9<Example>5.00.60.65.4599599Modify KeyFunction to round calculation results.Even after setting the number of decimal places on the display, the calculator per-forms calculations using a larger number of decimal places than that which appears on the display. By using this function, internal calculations will be performed using only the displayed value.FIX mode TAB = 1 (normal calculation)Rounded calculation (MDF)(internally, 0.5555...)(internally, 0.5555...)(internally, 0.6)APPLICATIONS:Frequently used in scientific and technical fields, as well as business,when performing chained calculations.(In W-View mode, press to show the answer in decimal.)© Sharp CorporationBasic ArithmeticKeys, ParenthesesThe four basic operators. Each is used in the same way as a standardcalculator:+ (addition), – (subtraction), x (multiplication), and ÷ (division).Finds the result in the same way as a standard calculator.Used to specify calculations in which certain operations have precedence.You can make addition and subtraction operations have precedence overmultiplication and division by enclosing them in parentheses. (2500)! = 1 x 2 x 3 x …x nRepeat last key operation to return to the previous display.at the designated exchange rate.Functions that you have previously defined, including those usingHyperbolic FunctionsThe hyperbolic function is defined by using natural exponents in trigo-nometric functions.Arc hyperbolic functions are defined by using natural logarithms in trigono-metric functions.APPLICATIONS:Hyperbolic and arc hyperbolic functions are very useful in electricalengineering and physics.DECDisplay“ANS” KEYS FOR 1-VARIABLE STATISTICS Calculates the average value of the data (sample data x).Calculates the standard deviation for the data (sample data x).Calculates the standard deviation of a data population (sample data x).Displays the number of input data (sample data x).Calculates the sum of the data (sample data x).Calculates the sum of the data (sample data x) raised to the second power.NOTE:1. Sample data refers to data selected randomly from the population.2. Standard deviation of samples is determined by the sample datashift from an average value.3. Standard deviation for the population is standard deviation whenthe sample data is deemed a population (full data).Let’s check the results based on the previous data.69 (average value)17.75686128 (standard deviation)17.57839583 (standard deviation of the population)50 (total count of data)3450 (total)32<Example 3>Data table 3Operation Display6.2136.1158.27The table below summarizes the dates in April when cherryblossoms bloom, and the average temperature for March inthat same area. Determine basic statistical quantities fordata X and data Y based on the data table.Select dual-variable statistics mode and linear regression calculation in sub-mode.1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20056.27.0 6.88.7 7.9 6.5 6.1 8.213 9 11 5 7 12 15 7Year x Average temperature y Date blossoms bloom ...© Sharp Corporation33“ANS ” KEYS FOR 2-VARIABLE STATISTICSIn addition to the 1-variable statistic keys, the following keys have been added for calcu-lating 2-variable statistics.NOTE:The codes for basic statistical quantities of sample data x and their meaningsare the same as those for single-variable statistical calculations.Let ’ s check the results based on the previous data.Calculates the sum of the product for sample data x and sample data y .Calculates the sum of the data (sample data y ).Calculates the sum of the data (sample data y ) raised to the second power.Calculates the average value of the data (sample data y ).Calculates the standard deviation for the data (sample data y ).Calculates the standard deviation of a data population (sample data y ).7.175 (Average for data x )0.973579551 (Standard deviation for data x )0.91070028 (Standard deviation of the population for data x )9.875 (Average for data y )3.440826313 (Standard deviation for data y )3.218598297 (Standard deviation of the population for data y )8(Total count of data)57.4(Sum of data x )418.48(Sum of data x raised to the second power)544.1(Sum of the product of data x and data y )79(Sum of data y )863(Sum of data y raised to the second power)© Sharp Corporation。

大兴安岭中部地区不同林分类型结构复杂性评价

大兴安岭中部地区不同林分类型结构复杂性评价

第47卷 第5期2023年9月南京林业大学学报(自然科学版)JournalofNanjingForestryUniversity(NaturalSciencesEdition)Vol.47,No.5Sept.,2023 收稿日期Received:2021 11 19 修回日期Accepted:2022 02 21 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2200502);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(YQ2021C006);黑龙江头雁创新团队计划项目(森林资源高效培育技术研发团队)。

 第一作者:董灵波(farrell0503@126.com),副教授。

通信作者:刘兆刚(lzg19700602@163.com),教授。

 引文格式:董灵波,唐亚如,田栋元,等.大兴安岭中部地区不同林分类型结构复杂性评价[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2023,47(5):147-155.DONGLB,TANGYR,TIANDY,etal.EvaluatingthestructurecomplexityofdifferentforesttypesinthecentralpartoftheGreaterKhinganMountains[J].JournalofNanjingForestryUniversity(NaturalSciencesEdition),2023,47(5):147-155.DOI:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202111034.大兴安岭中部地区不同林分类型结构复杂性评价董灵波,唐亚如,田栋元,刘兆刚,蔺雪莹(东北林业大学林学院,森林生态系统可持续经营教育部重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 100040)摘要:【目的】通过对不同林分类型结构复杂性的评价来确定影响林分结构的主要因素,为后续森林结构经营的精准调整提供理论依据。

【方法】以大兴安岭地区翠岗林场的不同林分类型(白桦林、兴安落叶松 白桦混交林和兴安落叶松林)为研究对象,基于不同林分类型的30块固定样地调查数据,从林分结构、林木大小多样性、林分活力和土壤状况4个方面选取13个指标,采用雷达图法对不同林分类型结构复杂性状况进行评价。

统计学(中英文)_ch01

统计学(中英文)_ch01

Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Chap 1-12
∑X
n
i
Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Chap 1-8
Inferential Statistics 推断统计
Estimation 估计 e.g., Estimate the population mean weight using the sample mean weight 例如:利用采样的平均重量估计人口的平均体 重 Hypothesis testing 假设检验 e.g., Test the claim that the population mean weight is 120 pounds 例如:根据测试的要求,人口平均体重是120 磅
英文翻译乃自己所做, 英文翻译乃自己所做,有错误 之处请自行查证。 之处请自行查证。
Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Chap 1-1
Business Statistics, A First Course
Defined descriptive vs. inferential statistics 描述性统计和推理统计 Reviewed data types 回顾数据类型
♦ ♦ ♦ ♦
Categorical vs. Numerical data 绝对的和数值的数据 Discrete vs. Continuous data 离散的和连续的数据

品质常用语解释

品质常用语解释

ST : Standard Time,一个工艺所需要的标准时间。 T/T: Tack Time,生产线的单件产品生产时间。 ODM/OEM : Original Design(Equipment) Manufactures,原始装置(设备)制造商品。 Histogram : 柱状图,设定几个区间,画出Data的所在范围,并标记其发生频度的图形。 Blank Chart : 空白表格,无数据的,按照进展方向画出大体Output Image的方法。 Pareto Chart : 根据“20%的ISSUE导致80%的问题”的统计理论,对问题的核心进行分析时使用的工具。 5Why : 5次Why,找寻问题的根本原因时使用的工具。 As is Mapping : 画出As is(改善前现在的Image)及To Be(改善后日后所要达成的Image),并找出变化Point的方法。 Key Words : 关键字或词。 Neck : 做某种事项的过程中,成为障碍的,或需要事先解决的最为薄弱的部分。
常用语解释
DA事业本部 : Digital Appliance 事业本部。 TDR : Tear Down Redesign,是一种临时的,为创造某种独特的产品和服务而竭尽全力承担责任的革新活动。 1人1P : 1人1Project,指以DMAIC促进的6σ改善活动。 NWT : Natural Work Team,指以PDCA促进的现场自主改善活动。 Big Y : 为了实现愿景目标(一等LG),需要迫切解决并集中组织力量解决的事业课题。 KPI : Key Performance Indicator,关键成果指标,定量化的、能够测定并体现课题全部活动成果的指标。 CTQ : Critical to Quality,站在顾客角度,影响产品品质的核心特征值,CTQ必须要可以测量。 QCD : Quality、Cost、Delivery,指找寻CTQ时在顾客及公司本身能力上的3大主要方向。 Major Objective : 在给定时间内为解决Big Y,而进一步选定的能够很快解决并与其他业务相关联的核心活动或业务领域。 Action Plan : 为了实现革新vision和KPI目标而确立的一系列步骤或活动。

R_Basic_Statistics(1)

R_Basic_Statistics(1)

• table( ) can also generate multidimensional tables based on 3 or more categorical variables. In this case, use the ftable( ) function to print the results more attractively. • # 3-Way Frequency Table mytable <- table(A, B, C) ftable(mytable) • Table ignores missing values. To include NA as a category in counts, include the table option exclude=NULL if the variable is a vector. If the variable is a factor you have to create a new factor using newfactor <- factor(oldfactor, exclude=NULL).
Tests of Independence
• Chi-Square Test • For 2-way tables you can use chisq.test(mytable) to test independence of the row and column variable. By default, the pvalue is calculated from the asymptotic chi-squared distribution of the test statistic. Optionally, the p-value can be derived via Monte Carlo simultation. • your.chi = chisq.test(your.data, correct=T) • #Yates Correction • Fisher Exact Test • fisher.test(x) provides an exact test of independence. x is a two dimensional contingency table in matrix form. • Mantel-Haenszel test • Use the mantelhaen.test(x) function to perform a Cochran-MantelHaenszel chi-squared test of the null hypothesis that two nominal variables are conditionally independent in each stratum, assuming that there is no three-way interaction. x is a 3 dimensional contingency table, where the last dimension refers to the strata.

MINITAB之制程能力分析

MINITAB之制程能力分析

進行分析
結果說明
STEP5决定Y特性
決定Y特性
收集Y特性數據
輸入MINITAB數據表
•利用MINITAB的各项图形来进行结果说明
進行分析
結果說明
练习
输入数据
• Select: Stat >Quality Tools > Capabilty Analysis>Normal
注意输入方式
输入选项
根据不同的数据输入 方式选择分析方法
进行分析
结果说明
STEP3决定Y特性
决定Y特性
收集Y特性数据
输入MINITAB数据表
•将数据输入MINTAB中,或则在EXCEL中都可以。
进行分析
结果说明
STEP4决定Y特性
決定Y特性
收集Y特性數據
輸入MINITAB數據表
•利用MINITAB>STAT>QUALITY TOOL >CAPABILITY ANALYSIS >NORMAL
Capability Analysis (Normal)
•该命令会划出带理论正态曲线的直方图, 这可直观评估数据的正态性。输出报告中 还包含过程能力统计表,包括子组内和总 体能力统计。
Capability Analysis (Between/Within)
•该命令会划出带理论正态曲线的直方图, 可以直观评估数据的正态性。 •该命令适用于子组间存在较大变差的场合 。输出报告中还包含过程能力统计表,包 括子组间/子组内和总体能力统计。
选好控制图的判异准则
结果及输出
卜氏分布制程能力分析
•卜分布只适合用在
•Y特性一般是指客户所关心所重视的特性。 •Y要先能量化,尽量以定量数据为主。 •Y要事先了解其规格界限,是单边规格,还是双边规格。 •目标值是在中心,或则不在中心 •测量系统的分析要先做好。

判断数据正态分布

判断数据正态分布

正态性检验简介生成正态概率图并进行假设检验,以检查观测值是否服从正态分布。

对于正态性检验,假设为H0:数据服从正态分布与H1:数据不服从正态分布图形中的垂直尺度类似于正态概率图中的垂直尺度,水平轴为线性尺度,此线形成数据所来自总体的累积分布函数的估计值。

图中会显示总体参数的数字估计(均值和标准差)、正态性检验值以及关联的p 值。

正态性检验的方法很多,但具体原理是不相同的,有些是拟合优度检验,有些是偏峰度检验。

用Minitab作数据的正态性检验的方法:统计>基本统计量>正态性检验 (stat>Basic Statistic>Normality test)最后都是看P值,P>0.05就基本可以认为数据正态有如下三种检验方法:(1 Anderson-Daling,缺省状态即为此检验法,AD法最灵敏。

AD检验是很准确的判断方法,表面上在直线附近, 但很可能被拒绝。

(2 Ryan-Joiner (它实际上与W检验很相似,ISO将它定为标准检验方法,中国国标也采用此法)。

(3 Kolmogorov-Smirnov方法。

Anderson-Darling和Kolmogorov- Smirnov检定方法是基于经验分布函数,Ryan-Joiner (类似Shapiro-Wilk)是基于相关与回归的,一般而言都选Anderson-Darling。

三种检验方法的详细解释如下:Anderson-Darling检验(A-D检验),是一种基于经验累积分布函数(ECDF)的算法,特别适用于小样本(当然也适用于大样本),AD值越小,表明分布对数据拟合度越好,A-D检验只适合特定的连续分布如:normal、lognormal、exponential、Weibull、logistic、extreme-value type 1。

A-D检验是对K-S检验的一种修正,相比K-S检验它加重了对尾部数据的考量,K-S检验具有分布无关性,它的临界值并不依赖被测的特定分布,而A-D检验使用特定分布去计算临界值,这使得A-D检验具有更灵敏的优势。

Minitab_软件应用培训教材_之STAT__Basic_statistic

Minitab_软件应用培训教材_之STAT__Basic_statistic

输入要统计分析的变量指定按哪一个变量进行分析选择在会话窗口中显示的统计量选择在会话窗口中显示的图形,一般先Boxplot图。

会话窗口中显示的平均值和箱线图表明,男生大约比女生高5.3 英寸,数据的分布大致相同。

打开示例文件:Pulse.MTW输入要统计分析的变量“高度”指定按哪一个变量“性别”进行分析选择在数据窗口中存储的统计量,在这里仅先平均值为每个输入行都存储统计输出包括空的单元格将缺失值作为一个变量来存储存储按变量的可区分值选择“Pulse 1”作为图形化汇总的列。

也可按变量分别进行图形化汇总默认指定检验的列可以选此项来直接输入样本数和平均值已知的标准偏差为0.2输入目标的平均值为5选择输出单值图默认的置信水平为95%默认的备择假设(H1)是ц≠ц小于通常选择的α 水平不等于5,因此否定通过查看单值图还可以执行α= 0.05 时的假。

假设值落于总体平均值的95%(4.65822, 4.91955) 之外,因此可以95%的置信区间指定检验的列可以选此项来直接输入样本数、平均值和标准偏差。

输入目标的平均值为5选择输出单值图默认的置信水平为95%默认的备择假设(H1)是ц≠ц小于通常选择的α 水平不等于5,因此否定通过查看单值图还可以执行α= 0.05。

假设值落于总体平均值的95%当样本堆叠在一列时,需选择样本列及下标列。

在进行检验前需对两组样本进行等方差检验,在这里选假设等方差。

当样本在不同列时,需选择两列样本进行检验。

也可直接输入两组样本的样本数、平均值和标准偏差来进行检验。

选择输出箱形图默认95%的置信水平假定两组样本差值为零默认的备择假设(H1)是ц1-ц2≠0选择材料A和B也可直接输入两组样本的样本数、平均值和标准偏差来进行检验。

选择输出箱形图默认95%的置信水平配对差值的假设总体平均值为默认的备择假设(H1)是цd ≠0цd是差异的总体平均值实验数950个事件数560个默认95%的置信水平假设的目标比率0.65选择备择假设(H1)为P>0.65默认95%的置信水平两种品牌间的比率差值为0默认的备择假设(H1)是P 1-P2≠0输入实验数的事件数输入待分析的列和下标默认95%的置信水平输入图形上的标题选择需存储的统计量选择进行相关检验的列选择变量列选择百分位的数线显示选择不同的检验方法可以为图形输入标题解释结果:Anderson-Darling检验的p 值表明,在大于0.022 的α 水平下,有证据显示数据不服从正态分布。

教你用minitab计算CPK

教你用minitab计算CPK
教你用minitab计算CPK
Capability Sixpack (Normal)
•复合了以下的六个图形
–Xbar –R –原始数据分布(plot) –直方图 –正态分布检定 –CPK, PPK
教你用minitab计算CPK
练习
•请以前面的数据来进行相应的Capability Sixpack (Normal)练习
计量型制程能力分析总结
•一般的正态分布使用
–Capability Analysis (Normal)
•如果是正态分布且其组内和组间差异较大 时可用
–Capability Analysis (Between/Within)
•当非正态分布时则可以使用
–Capability Analysis (Weibull)
–好,不好 –过,不过 –好,坏
•不可以用在
–0,1,2,3等二项以的选择,此种状况必须使用 卜氏分布。
教你用minitab计算CPK
示例
•数据在excel档案中
• Select: Stat >Quality Tools > Capabilty Analysis > Binomial
教你用minitab计算CPK
• Select: Stat >Quality Tools > Capabilty Sixpack >Normal
教你用minitab计算CPK
输入各项参数
输入规格
教你用minitab计算CPK
选定判异准则
选择判异准则
教你用minitab计算CPK
选择标准差估计方法
默认值是复合标准差计算公式
教你用minitab计算CPK
结果说明

应用商务统计学讲义第一章中英文对照版

应用商务统计学讲义第一章中英文对照版
• 统计是一种可以带来更好决策的思维方式。
2
LLL
Why Statistics?
• In today’s digital world ever increasing amounts of data are gathered, stored, reported on, and available for further study.
• The growth of “Big Data” spurs the use of business analytics •“大数据 ”的增长刺激了商业分析的应用
• “Big data” or very large data sets are arising because of the automatic collection of high volumes of data at very fast rates. •“大数据”或非 常大的数据集的出现,是因为以非常快的速率自动收集大量数据 6 。
在这个过程中我们将使用DCOVA
– -定义你想研究的数据,以解决问题或达到一个目标。
– -从适当的来源收集数据
– -组织开发表收集的数据
– -通过开发图表来可视化数据
– -分析收集到的数据,得出结论并给出结果
4
LLL
Using The DCOVA Framework Helps You To Apply Statistics To:
No order
ordered/ ranked
No true zero
Absolute zero
Difference is meaningful Difference is meaningful
Ratio is not meaningful Ratio is also meaningful

经典六西格玛(6 sigma)培训内部资料D_01_Introduction To Six Sigma 16

经典六西格玛(6 sigma)培训内部资料D_01_Introduction To Six Sigma 16
1993-95年, 摩托罗拉招聘了四万新雇员, 免去了每年40个小时的规 定品质培训, 当时公司收入是每年增长幅度27%, 品质水平为 5.2个 Sigma。同年, George Fisher 离开摩托罗拉去了柯达.
F 1998, Motorola owned 34% of the wireless phone market. Revenue growth was 5%. 1998年, 摩托罗拉在无线电话市场占有率为 34%。年利润增长为5%。
Data driven analysis 以数据驱动的分析
The role of measurements 测量的角色
Introduction to Six Sigma 6
D 01-1
A Data Driven Analysis and Scientific Approach to Business Excellence
F 1987, Corporation adopts Six Sigma Quality program, 4 year, 100X quality improvement, corporation at 4 Sigma. 1987年, 公司决心全面推广6 Sigma, 订下四年达百倍品质改善的目标, 而现状为 4 Sigma.

Motorola 摩托罗拉
Six Sigma Research Institute Consortium
Texas Instruments, IBM, Polaroid …… 德州仪器、IBM、宝丽莱。。。 Allied Signal …... 联合信号 General Electric 通用电气 Intel, Citibank 英特尔、花旗银行
NEC, Sony, Samsung, Fiat, Nokia, Seagate…. NEC、索尼、三星、菲亚特、诺基亚、希捷。。

经典六西格玛(6 sigma)培训内部资料D_03_Basic Statistic-13

经典六西格玛(6 sigma)培训内部资料D_03_Basic Statistic-13
4) Expenditure matched with budget 支出与预算相符
5) Time used in inputting expenditure 输入支出费用的时间
Introduction to Six Sigma 7
Answers to Exercise答案
Type of Data (V or A)
1) Average expenditure / Phone On hold Time
顾客中 顾客平均消费,电话待机时间: V
2) S/W conflicts raised up because of Zip Drive
Zip drive 中发生 S/W 冲突
A
3) Employee 职员-
Tom, Nancy, Howard.
Introduction to Six Sigma 16
: . :: : : .:..:..:. +---+---+
Discrete Data vs Continuous Data 离散数据与连续数据
The Advantage of Continuous Data 连续数据的优点
Discrete离散= Sparse Information稀少的信息
sample sizes.
能够为使用相对小范围抽样的过程提供详细的信息
2、Can be used at low defect rates.
适用于低缺陷率
3、Can predict trends and future conditions. 能够预估发展趋势和情况
缺点 Disadvantages: 1、Often more difficult to get the data. 2、Analysis is more complex.

SPC-基本统计

SPC-基本统计
2019/11/8
Quartiles 四分值
练习七
以下为20个电灯泡失效期间的观测值, 已按递增顺序排列.
210 216 252 300 366 454 624 720 816 924 1216 1296 1392 1488 1542 2480 2856 3192 3528 3710
请确定三个四分值.
2019/11/8
方差与标准差
若x1, x2, …,xn 是一个具有N个观测值的样本,则样本方
差为:
s2
n (xi x)2
i 1
n 1
样本标准差是样本方差的算术平方根,即:
n (xi x)2
s
i 1
n 1
2019/11/8
方差计算
s2
n (xi x)2
2019/11/8
Median 中值
Median vs Mean 中值与均值 因为中值不象均值对极端值敏感,因此,当有极端
大或极端小值时,中值比均值更能代表数据的位置 典型的例子是一个城市居民的收入中位值
2019/11/8
中值有时会有欺骗性
50%-50% Rule ? 一半一半准则? 以下一组数据的中值是多少?
r =xmax - xmin
极差是测量数据散布或变异的最简单的方法 但它忽略了最大和最小值之间的所有信息
2019/11/8
Range 极差
试考虑以下的2个样本: { 10 20 50 60 70 90 } and { 10, 40, 40, 40, 90}
具有相同的极差(r= 80) 但是,第二个样本的变异只是2个极端数值的变异,而在第1 个样本,中间的数值也有相当大的变异. 当样本量较小(n≤10)时,极差丢失信息的问题不是很严重
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基本统计理论
总体方法论
实际问题
统计问题
y f ( x1 , x2 ,..., x k )
实际方案
统计方案
关键:数据测量,收集,分析,解读。
数据的种类
属性(计数) / 离散数据 – 分类 – 好 / 坏 – 机器 1, 机器 2, 机器 3 – 工作班次 – 计数资料 (文件中的错误数, 运送的单位数, 等等)
05.05.2015
26
拟合直线来源( Minitab 将找出一条直线,使各点至该直线的距离为最小....
拟合线
输出变量(Y)
实际数据点
拟合值 残差: 实际值与拟合值的距离
输入变量(X)
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Boxplot 箱线图
近似值. 90%
29
75%
Thickness
24
50%
19
25%
14
离群点
近似值. 10%
箱线图
散点图
Sc atte rpl ot o f C usto me r v s QC
390
380
Customer
370
360
350
340 330 340 350 360 QC 370 380 390 400
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描述统计
描述统计是通过图表或数学方法,对数据资料进行整理、分析,并对数据的分布状 态、数字特征和随机变量之间关系进行估计和描述的方法。 描述统计分为集中趋势分析和离中趋势分析和相关分析三大部分 集中趋-平均值 (Mean)中位值(Median) 离中趋势分析- 极差 (Range) 变异/方差 (Variance)标准差 (Standard
... 如果这是总 体的真实均值
2000
u = 5000 H0
样本均值
两类错误
因为我们没有评估犯二 类错误的风险,所以没 有办法证明Ho
接受 Ho
你的判定
拒绝 Ho
Ho 对
正确
I类错误(弃真 错误) (α-风险)
真实
Ho 错 II类错误 ( 取伪错误) (β-风险)
正确
检验单个总体的均值
如果原假设…… 1. 2. H0: µ = 某个值 (Minitab默认) H0: µ <某个值
计量数据 / 连续数据
– 连续数据 (小数后的位数是有意义的)
• • • • 时间 (秒) 压力 (psi) 输送带速度 (呎/分钟) 厚度
对数据的“总结”
描述统计
简单统计—总结为一个或几个变量 均值 中值 方差 极差 效果统计—总结各值之间的关系 相关性
推论统计—应用一些统计模型进行分析
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假设检验的过程
提出假设
我认为平均收 入是5000元
作出决策
拒绝假设 别无选择!
总体


抽取随机样本
均值 x = 2000
假设检验的基本思想
抽样分布 这个值不像我 们应该得到的 样本均值 ... ... 因此我们 拒绝原假设u = 5000
那么备择假设… H1: µ 某个值 H1: µ >某个值
3.
H0: µ >某个值
H1: µ <某个值
原假设和备择假设是对立,互/2
x
a/2
Za/2
拒绝域
Za/2
假设检验 • 两组或多组数据之间是否有显著差别
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线性回归—相关性分析
Deviation)
相关分析-关系
C131 F 图形汇总
1. 2. 3. 4.
正态吗 中值和均值置信区间 箱型图,异常点,设备,材料 方差
时间序列图
JX14-11 称料机
聚类性-中心点连线穿过中值过多。多群体,多制成条件 混合型-穿过过少。两种制成交替作用 趋势性-随着时间有某种趋势 震动性-一个上,一个下
假设检验
1.
先对总体的参数(或分布形式)提出某种假设,然后利用样 本信息判断假设是否成立的过程. 2. 逻辑上运用反证法,先认为假设成立 , 然后判断样本信息 与假设是否矛盾 , 如果矛盾 , 就推翻假设 , 否则不否定该假 设. 3. 统计上依据小概率原理 . 小概率事件即在一次试验中, 一个几乎不可能发生的事件发生的概率 , 在一次试验中小 概率事件一旦发生,我们就有理由拒绝原假设 , 小概率由 研究者事先确定 , 通常把小于 0.05(5%), 或 0.1(10%)„. 的 事件作为小概率事件.
1-Sample t Test
Testing mean = null (versus not = null) Calculating power for mean = null + difference Alpha = 0.05 Assumed standard deviation = 0.6
Sample Target Difference Size Power Actual Power 1 6 0.8 0.898772 其意为每次抽样 n=6 , 则发现差异值高于1gm的检出能力为0.8 (实际为0.898772)
平均数 标准差 不良率 (P) 直方图或Pareto图 散点图 控制图表
最小 样本量
5 - 10 25 - 30 100 and nP >= 5 50 25 20
记住这是最小的样本量. 越多的数据点意味着你能从数据中或得具有更 高置信度的结论
样本量和功效(称重机检查样本量计算)
若要称重面料重量为 115±2g,若第1种错误(弃真)希望控制在0.05,而希望中心值差异高于1g时有80% 被检出,依据以往调查制程标准差为0.6 应用Minitab 统计 > 功效和样本数量 > 1t 单样本 t, 差值:1 功效值:0.8 标准差:0.6 选项按钮默认 备择假设 - 不等于 显著性水平 - 0.05 结果显示 Power and Sample Size
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正态分布
随机,独立,同一群体 均值为中心,两边对称,钟形曲线
抽样
通常来说对总体进行100%的分析是不可行或不可能的.通过少量样本对总体 进行预测。全检,抽检。
什么是样本
理想状况下,样本代表总体。如果样本不代表总体,所做的概率统计都是不 对的。
工具或统计方式的样本量
工具或统计方式
假设检验 ANOVA DOE
例子 杭州10到16岁男生一共30000人,研究身高和体重的关系,看看是否偏胖。 数学解决方法:全部测量,与标准值比较 统计方法:抽样,相关性,和标准值(健康值)有没有显著区别
概率统计基本概念
抽样—为什么要抽样,如何抽,抽多少样 置信区间—用样本估计中体的均值的区间 样本量与置信区间的关系 假设检验 P值—掷硬币 显著性—5%
涂胶线频率和时间之间关系
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推论统计
X 数据
离散
连续
Logistic Regression 逻辑回归分析
离散
Chi-Square 卡方检验 比较比例 单样本Z;单样本T 双样本T; ANOVA(方差分析) 比较均值
Y 数据
连续
Correlation & Regression 相关和回归分析 数据间的相关性
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