常用法律英语词汇注解55

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英语中的法律词汇

英语中的法律词汇

英语中的法律词汇draft 法案,草案Government bill 政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律ratification, confirmation 批准law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 条款minutes 备忘录report 判例汇编codification 法律汇编legislation 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学legitimation 合法化legality, lawfulness 法制,合法legal, lawful 合法的,依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的offender 罪犯to abolish 废止,取消rescission, annulment 废除,取消repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律)cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废annulment 撤消(遗嘱)repeal rescission 撤消(判决)revocation 撤消immunity 豁免,豁免权disability, legal incapacity 无资格nonretroactive character 不溯既往性prescription 剥夺公权attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法canon law 教会法规common law 习惯法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 万国公法,国际法international law 国际法natural law 自然法labour laws 劳工法fiscal law 财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Criminal Law 刑事诉讼法Military Law 军法Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法penal code 刑法典code of mercantile law 商法典civil rights 民事权利,公民权利right of asylum 避难权human rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税英语中的法律词汇注解(一)1、category "A" prisoners A类囚犯=prisoners who are dangerous, and would be a danger to the public if they escaped from prison. 越狱后将对公众造成危险的重罪犯2、abandonment放弃(自愿放弃某项权利,如财产权)= act of giving something up voluntarily (such as the right to a property) abandonment of a claim = giving up a claim in a civil action.放弃索赔(在民事诉讼中放弃一种要求权)abandon做动词是“遗弃”的意思:e.g. Abandoning a child under two years old is a notifiable offence. 遗弃两岁以下儿童是一种严重的犯罪行为。

常用的法律英语术语

常用的法律英语术语

常用的法律英语术语法律英语是一种特殊的语言体系,由法律术语组成。

对于研究法律的学生和从事法律工作的专业人士来说,熟悉常用的法律英语术语是非常重要的。

本文将介绍一些常见的法律英语术语,并提供简单的解释。

下面是一些常见的法律英语术语:1. Lawsuit(诉讼)诉讼是指在法院提起的一系列法律程序,目的是解决法律纠纷。

在诉讼过程中,原告向法院提出指控,被告进行辩护,并且法院最终做出裁决。

诉讼是解决法律争议的一种正式途径。

2. Plaintiff(原告)原告是在一起诉讼中提起诉讼的一方。

原告将被告带入法庭,并寻求法院对其主张的支持。

3. Defendant(被告)被告是在一起诉讼中被指控的一方。

被告需要在法庭上进行辩护,并试图反驳原告提出的指控。

4. Contract(合同)合同是由两个或多个当事人之间达成的法律协议。

合同规定了各方的权利和义务,可以是书面或口头形式。

合同是保障当事人权益的重要法律文件。

5. Breach of Contract(合同违约)合同违约是指合同一方未能履行其在合同中规定的义务。

当一方未能履行合同条款时,另一方可以采取法律行动来追求赔偿或解除合同。

6. Tort(侵权行为)侵权行为指的是一方在未获得另一方同意的情况下,通过行为或不行为给另一方造成了伤害或损失。

常见的侵权行为包括人身伤害、财产损失等。

7. Negligence(疏忽)疏忽是指一方在行为上未能按照合理的标准行事,从而给他人造成伤害或损失。

在法律上,如果被告以不合理的方式行事,并因此给原告造成了损害,那么可以被认定为疏忽。

8. Crime(犯罪)犯罪是指违反法律的行为。

根据犯罪的严重程度,有不同的刑事罪名和相应的刑罚。

犯罪行为可能包括盗窃、谋杀、强奸等。

9. Plaintiff’s Attorney(原告律师)原告律师是代表原告在诉讼过程中提供法律援助的专业人士。

原告律师负责收集证据、起草法律文件,并代表原告出庭。

10. Defendant’s Attorney(被告律师)被告律师是代表被告在诉讼过程中提供法律援助的专业人士。

常用法律英语词汇注解

常用法律英语词汇注解

常用法律英语词汇注解Undue influence不正当的施压是一个阻止或防碍个人作出独立思考而作出决定的行为,最常见用于夫妇关系上,妻子因受到丈夫的不正当施压而向银行大量借贷最后无法偿还。

Unsecured没有担保在破产管理上,债权人可以分为有担保与没有担保的债权人,有担保的明显是有对象给债权人作抵押的,例如楼宇按揭便归于这类。

而没有担保便是其它的债项,例如信用咭欠债等,在任何情况下,有担保债项一定比没有担保债项有保障。

Vacant possession交吉的地产在楼宇买卖交易中,除非连租约出售的物业,否则合约内必订明物业必须交吉予买方,如果到交易日期,发觉楼宇仍有人居住,卖方便因没有交吉地产而作毁约论。

Verdict裁决指法官就案件所作出的最后决定。

若果有陪审团的话,裁决将会由陪审团作出。

Vicarious liability因他的作为的责任若雇员在为雇主工作时所犯下的法律责任,其雇主亦需要为这事件负责,例如雇员受雇于车房工作,他需要将车泊好,但不幸地雇员将车撞毁,雇主亦要负上责任。

Void法律在无效例如双方签订合约买卖一件货物,但其实根本上就未会有这件货件存在,那么这合约便可称为一无效合约。

Voir dire独立聆讯主要用于刑事案件人,聆讯被告人向执法人员所作的口供是否可信,并出于自愿的。

Voluntary disposition无偿处理财产在破产案件中,若债务人发现破产人在破产前蓄意将财产无偿转让予他人,来逃避破产责任,债务人可以要求将已转让财产与其它破产财物一并处理。

Ward of court受法庭保护若法庭发觉未成年人或因其身体的缺陷而需要法庭保护,法庭会颁令照顾这些人或会安排社会福利处或其它监护人代为照顾。

Warranty保证在合约的条款中,很多时会有一保证条款,由卖方向买方提供货物质素的保证。

但亦有很多情况下,卖方亦清楚列明不会为卖出的货物提供任何情度上的保证,所以在签定合约时,这些条款一定要仔细查阅。

常用法律英语词汇注解

常用法律英语词汇注解

专心翻译 做到极致常用法律英语词汇注解Pardon赦免 指犯人透过赦免而被撤销判罪或判刑,而当犯人被赦免后,他不可以再次因同一案件再被定罪。

Partial intestacy 部份无遗嘱继承 指死者在遗嘱内,并未完全包括死者所有的遗产。

例如死者在遗嘱内只提及物业、现金(包括银行存款)的处理,实质死者还有股票及其它珠宝手饰并未在遗嘱提及,因此,这些未提及的遗产便需要根据无遗嘱继承法处理。

Personal service 专人送达 由送达人员亲身将法庭或律师楼文件交到收文件人手上。

在某些情况下,法庭或法例上可能会要求特别的送达方式,专人送达是其中一种,另外可能是用挂号邮件方式或由登广告的方法。

Personam对人 与rem 对物相对。

是拉丁语,指对人或与人有关的。

Petition请求 在法律上,一个Petition 可以是离婚的请求,亦可以是破产的请求,是以一个请求状的形式带出的。

Physical possession实体占有 Physical possession 有别于其它的possession ,因为若对象是在一个人的实体占有,即表示那人手上真正占有该对象。

不过,实体占有并不等于对象的拥有权。

例如买家向卖家订货,卖家已将对象特别与其它货物分割开,而买家已将所有金额支付,那么卖家虽然仍实体占有该对象,但他并非对象的拥有者。

Plaintiff原告 通常在诉讼过程中,向被告人发出告票的一方为原告,原告可以是个人或是法团,亦可以是政府。

Possessory title土地占有权 这个土地占有权,并没有任何契据所支持,主要因为占用人已将物业占有了一段长时间,而并没有人提出反对的话,占有人便可因此而将土地注册,成为土地的注册拥有人。

专心翻译 做到极致Power of Attorney委托书 以契约形成,将个人的某些权力,委派于他人身上。

最常见的是用于物业管理上,例如业主已移民外国,业主在港的物业,他委派一个可信的人替他管理,亦可以透过委托书要求受委托人替他将物业出租或出售。

常用法律英语词汇分析解析

常用法律英语词汇分析解析

律师部分:案件受理费court acceptance fee案情重大、复杂important and complicated case案由cause of action案子case包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件) 被上诉人appellee被诉人respondent; defendant本案律师counsel prohac vice本地律师local counsel毕业证diploma; graduation certificate辩护词defense; pleadings辩护律师defense lawyer辩护要点point of defense辩护意见submission财产租赁property tenancy裁定书order; ruling; determination(指终审裁定)裁决书award(用于仲裁)裁决书verdict(用于陪审团)采信的证据admitted evidence; established evidence草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests 查阅法条source legal provisions产权转让conveyancing出差go on errand; go on a business trip出国深造further study abroad出具律师意见书providing legal opinion出示的证据exhibit出庭appear in court传票summons; subpoena答辩状answer; reply代理词representation代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations代理仲裁agency for arbitration代写文书drafting of legal instruments待决案件pending case当事人陈述statement of the parties第三人third party吊销执业证revocation of lawyer license调查笔录investigative record调查取证investigation and gathering for evidence调解mediation调解书mediation二审案件case of trial of second instance发送电子邮件send e-mail法律顾问legal consultants法律意见书legal opinions法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal counseling法庭division; tribunal法学博士学位LL.D (Doctor of Laws)法学会law society法学课程legal courses法学硕士学位LL.M (Master of Laws)法学系faculty of law; department of law法学学士学位LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)J.D ( juris doctor缩写,美国法学学士)法学院law school法院公告court announcement反诉状counterclaim房地产律师real estate lawyer; real property lawyer 非合伙律师associate lawyer非诉讼业务non-litigation practice高级合伙人senior partner高级律师senior lawyer各类协议和合同agreements and contracts公安局Public Security Bureau公司上市company listing公诉案件public-prosecuting case公证书notarial certificate国办律师事务所state-run law office国际贸易international trade国际诉讼international litigation国内诉讼domestic litigation合伙律师partner lawyer合伙制律师事务所law office in partner-ship; cooperating law ofice 合同审查、草拟、修改contract review, drafting and revision会见当事人interview a client会见犯罪嫌疑人interview a criminal suspect兼职律师part-time lawyer监狱prison; jail鉴定结论expert conclusion缴纳会费membership dues举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision勘验笔录record of request看守所detention house抗诉书protest控告人accuser; complainant跨国诉讼transnational litigation劳动争议labor disputes劳动争议仲裁委员会arbitration committee for labor disputes 劳改场reform-through-labor farm; prison farm利害关系人interested party; party in interest律管处处长director of lawyer control department律师lawyer attorney; attorney at law律师惩戒lawyer discipline律师法Lawyer Law律师费lawyer fee律师函lawyer’s letter律师见证lawyer attestation/authentication律师见证书lawyer certification/authentication/witness律师卷宗lawyer’s docile; file律师刊物lawyer’s journal律师联系电话contact phone number of a lawyer律师事务所law office; law firm律师收费billing by lawyer律师网站lawyer website律师协会National Bar (Lawyer) Association律师协会会员member of Lawyer Association律师协会秘书长secretary general of Bar (Lawyer) Association 律师协会章程Articles of Lawyer Assocition律师业务室lawyer’s office律师执业证lawyer license律师助理assistant lawyer律师资格考试bar exam; lawyer qualification exam律师资格证lawyer qualification certificate民事案件civil case民事调解civil mediation民事诉讼civil litigation派出所local police station; police substation判决judgement(用于民事、行政案件);determination(用于终审);sentence(用于刑事案);verdict(由陪审团作出)旁证circumstantial evidence企业章程articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw 企业重组corporate restructure起诉状information; indictment取消律师资格disbar全国律师代表大会National Lawyer Congress缺席宣判pronounce judgement or determination by default人民法院People’s Court人民检察院People’s Procuratorate认定事实determine facts上诉案件case of trial of second instance; appellate case上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal涉外律师lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters申请复议administrative reconsideration petition申请加入律师协会application for admission to Law Association 申请人petitioner; claimant申诉案件appeal case申诉人(仲裁)claimant; plaintiff申诉书appeal for revision, petition for revision实习律师apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period实习律师证certificate of apprentice lawyer视听证据audio-visual reference material适用法律apply law to facts受害人victim书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法建议书judicial advise司法局Judicial Bureau司法局副局长deputy director of Judicial Bureau司法局局长director of Judicial Bureau司法统一考试uniform judicial exam送达service of process诉讼litigation; action; lawsuit诉讼当事人litigation party; litigious party诉讼业务litigation practice诉状complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim 推销法律服务promote/market legal service外国律师事务所foreign law office委托代理合同authorized representation contract委托代理人agent ad litem; entrusted agent委托授权书power of attorney物证material evidence嫌疑人criminal suspect项目融资project financing项目谈判project negotiating刑事案件criminal case刑事诉讼criminal litigation行政诉讼administrative litigation休庭adjourn the court; recess宣判pronounce judgement; determination宣誓书affidavit业务进修attendance in advanced studies一审案件case of trial of first instance与国外律师事务所交流communicate with foreign law firms 原告plaintiff证券律师securities lawyer证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit执行笔录execution record执业登记registration for practice执业范围scope of practice; sphere of practice; practice area 执业申请practice application执业证年检annual inspection of lawyer license仲裁arbitration仲裁案件arbitration case仲裁机构arbitration agency专门律师specialized lawyer专职律师professional lawyer; full-time lawyer撰写法律文章write legal thesis资信调查credit standing investigation自诉案件private prosecuting case二、诉讼法律案件case案件发回remand/rimit a case (to a low court)案件名称title of a case案卷材料materials in the case案情陈述书statement of case案外人person other than involved in the case案值total value involved in the case败诉方losing party办案人员personnel handling a case保全措施申请书application for protective measures 报案report a case (to security authorities)被告defendant; the accused被告人最后陈述final statement of the accused被告向原告第二次答辩rejoinder被害人victim被害人的诉讼代理人victim’s agent ad litem被上诉人respondent; the appellee被申请人respondent被申请执行人party against whom execution is filed 被执行人person subject to enforcement本诉principal action必要共同诉讼人party in necessary co-litigation变通管辖jurisdiction by accord辩护defense辩护律师defense attorney/lawyer辩护人defender辩护证据exculpatory evidence; defense evidence辩论阶段stage of court debate驳回反诉dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim驳回请求deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、维持原判reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling 驳回诉讼dismiss an action/suit驳回通知书notice of dismissal驳回自诉dismiss/reject a private prosecution驳回自诉裁定书ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case补充答辩supplementary answer补充判决supplementary judgement补充侦查supplementary investigation不公开审理trial in camera不立案决定书written decision of no case-filing不批准逮捕决定书written decision of disapproving an arrest不起诉nol pros不予受理起诉通知书notice of dismissal of accusation by the court财产保全申请书application for attachment; application for property preservation裁定order; determination (指最终裁定)裁定管辖jurisdiction by order裁定书order; ruling裁决书award采信的证据admitted evidence查封seal up撤回上诉withdraw appeal撤诉withdraw a lawsuit撤销立案revoke a case placed on file撤销原判,发回重审rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original court for retrial出示的证据exhibit除权判决invalidating judgement (for negotiable instruments)传唤summon; call传闻证据hearsay答辩answer; reply答辩陈述书statement of defence答辩状answer; reply大法官associate justices; justice大检察官deputy chief procurator代理控告agency for accusation代理申诉agency for appeal代理审判员acting judge代为申请取保候审agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving弹劾式诉讼accusatory procedure当事人陈述statement of the parties当庭宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court地区管辖territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院inter-mediate People’s Procuratorate第三人third party调查笔录record of investigation定期宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date定罪证据incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence冻结freeze督促程序procedure of supervision and urge独任庭sole-judge bench独任仲裁员sole arbitrator对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施compulsory measures against impairment of civil action 对席判决judgement inter parties二审trial of second instance二审案件case of trial of second insurance罚款impose a fine法定证据statutory legal evidence法定证据制度system of legal evidence法官judges法警bailiff; court police法律文书legal instruments/papers法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal consulting法庭辩论court debate法庭调查court investigation法庭审理笔录court record法庭审理方式mode of court trial法庭庭长chief judge of a tribunal法院court法院公告court announcement反诉counterclaim反诉答辩状answer with counterclaim反诉状counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人criminal suspect附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action附带民事诉讼被告defendant of collateral civil action复查reexamination; recheck复验reinspect高级法官senior judge高级检察官senior procurator高级人民法院Higher People’s Court告诉案件case of complaint告诉才处理的案件case accepted at complaint告诉申诉庭complaint and petition division工读学校work-study school for delinquent children公安部Ministry of Public Security公安分局public security sub-bureau公安厅public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government公开审理trial in public公开审判制度open trial system公示催告程序procedure of public summons for exhortation公诉案件public-prosecuting case公诉词statement of public prosecution公证机关public notary office共同管辖concurrent jurisdiction管辖jurisdiction国际司法协助international judicial assistance海事法院maritime court合议庭collegial panel合议庭评议笔录record of deliberating by the collegiate bench 和解composition; compromise核对诉讼当事人身份check identity of litigious parties恢复执行resumption of execution回避withdrawal混合式诉讼mixed action基层人民法院basic People’s Court羁押期限term in custody级别管辖subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels监视居住living at home under surveillance监狱prison检察官procurator检察权prosecutorial power检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院procuratorate检察院派出机构outpost tribunal of procuratorate简易程序summary procedure鉴定结论expert conclusion经济审判庭economic tribunal径行判决direct adjudication without sessions; judgement without notice 纠问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings拘传summon by force; summon by warrant拘留所detention house举报information/report of an offence举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision军事法院military procuratorate开庭审理open a court session开庭通知notice of court session勘验笔录record of inquest看守所detention house可执行财产executable property控告式诉讼accusatory proceedings控诉证据incriminating evidence控诉职能accusation function扣押distrain on; attachment扣押物distress/distraint宽限期period of grace劳动争议仲裁申请书petition for labor dispute arbitration劳改场reform-through-labor farm劳教所reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence 累积证据cumulative evidence立案报告place a case on file立案管辖functional jurisdiction立案决定书written decision of case-filing立案侦查report of placing a case on file利害关系人interested party临时裁决书interim award律师见证书lawyer’s written attestation; lawyer’s written authentication 律师事务所law office; law firm律师提前介入prior intervention by lawyer免于刑事处分exemption from criminal penalty民事案件civil case民事审判庭civil tribunal民事诉讼civil action民事诉讼法Civil Procedural Law扭送seize and deliver a suspect to the police派出法庭detached tribunal派出所police station判决judgement; determination判决书judgement; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的)旁证circumstantial evidence陪审员juror批准逮捕approval of arrest破案clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case破产bankruptcy; insolvency普通程序general/ordinary procedure普通管辖general jurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation 起诉filing of a lawsuit起诉sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings起诉状indictment; information区县检察院grassroots People’s Procuratorate取保候审the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving缺席判决default judgement人民调解委员会People’s Mediation Committee认定财产无主案件cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity上诉appeal上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal少管所juvenile prison社会治安综合治理comprehensive treatment of social security涉外案件cases involving foreign interests涉外民事诉讼foreign civil proceedings涉外刑事诉讼foreign criminal proceedings申请人applicant; petitioner申请书petition; application for arbitration申请执行人execution applicant申诉人宣誓书claimant’s affidavit of authenticity申诉书appeal for revision; petition for revision神示证据制度system of divinity evidence神示制度ordeal system审查案件case review审查并决定逮捕examine and decide arrest审查起诉阶段stage of review and prosecution审理通知书notice of hearing审判长presiding judge审判长宣布开庭presiding judge announce court in session 审判管辖adjudgement/trial jurisdiction审判监督程序procedure for trial supervision审判委员会judicial committee审判员judge审问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings生效判决裁定legally effective judgement/order胜诉方winning party省市自治区检察院higher People’s Procuratorate失踪和死亡宣告declaration of disappearance and death 实(质)体证据substantial evidence实物证据tangible evidence实在证据real evidence示意证据demonstrative evidence视听证据audio-visual evidence收容所collecting post; safe retreat首席大法官chief justice首席检察官chief procurator受害人的近亲属victim’s immediate family受理acceptance受理刑事案件审批表registration form of acceptance of criminal case 受送达人the addressee书记员court clerk书记员宣读法庭纪律court clerk reads court rules书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法机关judicial organizatons司法警察judicial police司法局judicial bureau司法厅judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government司法协助judicial assistance死缓的复核judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve死刑复核程序procedure for judicial review of death sentence死刑复核权competence for judicial review of death sentence送达service of process送达传票service of summons/subpoena送达诉状service of bill of complaint搜查search诉sue; suit; action; lawsuit诉前财产保全property attachment prior to lawsuit诉讼litigation; lawsuit; sue; action诉讼保全attachment诉讼参加人litigious participants诉讼代理人agent ad litem诉状complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim特别程序special procedures提起公诉institute a public prosecution铁路法院railway court铁路检察院railroad transport procuratorate庭审程序procedure of court trial通缉wanted for arrest投案appearance退回补充侦查return of a case for supplementary investigation委托辩护entrusted defense未成年人法庭juvenile court无行政职务的法官associate judge无正当理由拒不到庭refuse to appear in court without due cause 无罪判决acquittal, finding of “ not guilty ”物证material evidence先予执行申请书application for advanced execution先予执行advanced execution刑事案件criminal case刑事拘留criminal detention刑事强制拘留criminal coercive/compulsory measures刑事审判庭criminal tribunal刑事诉讼criminal proceedings刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedural Law刑事自诉状self-incriminating criminal complaint行政案件administrative case行政审判庭administrative tribunal行政诉讼administrative proceedings行政诉讼法Administrative Procedural Law宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death 宣判笔录record of rendition of judgement选民资格案件cases concerning qualifications of voters询问证人inquire/question a witness训诫reprimand讯问笔录record of interrogation询问犯罪嫌疑人interrogate criminal suspect言词证据verbal evidence要求传唤证人申请书application for subpoena一裁终局arbitration award shall be final and binding 一审trial of first instance一审案件case of trial of first instance应诉通知书notice of respondence to action有罪判决sentence; finding of “guilty”予审preliminary examinantion; pretrial原告plaintiff院长court president阅卷笔录record of file review (by lawyers)再审案件case of retrial再审申请书petition for retrial责令具结悔过order to sign a statement of repentance 债权人会议creditors’ meeting侦查阶段investigation stage侦查终结conclusion of investigation征询原、被告最后意见consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant 证据evidence证据保全preserve evidence证据保全申请书application for evidence preservation证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit支付令payment order/warrant知识产权庭intellectual property tribunal执行程序procedure execution执行逮捕execution of arrest执行和解conciliation of execution执行回转recovery of execution执行庭executive tribunal执行异议objection to execution执行员executor执行中止discontinuance of execution执行终结conclusion of execution指定辩护appointed defense指定仲裁员声明statement of appointing arbitrator中级人民法院intermediate People’s Court中途退庭retreat during court session without permission 仲裁arbitration仲裁被诉人respondent; defendant仲裁裁决award仲裁申请书arbitration仲裁申诉人claimant; plaintiff仲裁庭arbitration tribunal仲裁委员会arbitration committee仲裁协议arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration仲裁员arbitrator主诉检察官principal procurator助理检察官assistant procurator助理审判员assistant judge专门法院special court专门管辖specific jurisdiction专属管辖exclusive jurisdiction追究刑事责任investigate for criminal responsibility自首confession to justice自诉案件private-prosecuting case自行辩护self-defense自由心证制度doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence 自侦案件self-investigating case最高人民法院the Supreme People’s Court最高人民检察院the Su preme People’s Procuratorate最后裁决书final award三、民事法律法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法case law; precedent普通法common law特别法special law固有法native law; indigenous law继受法adopted law实体法substantial law程序法procedural law原则法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解释judicial interpretation习惯法customary law公序良俗public order and moral自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系civil law system英美法系system of Anglo-American law大陆法系civil law system普通法common law大陆法continental law罗马法系Roman law system英吉利法English law衡平法equity; law of equity日尔曼法Germantic law教会法ecclesiastical law寺院法canon law伊斯兰法Islamic law民法法律规范norm of civil law授权规范authorization norm禁止规范forbidding norm义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding norm民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则principle of equality自愿原则principle of free will公平原则principle of justice等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则principle of good faith行为act作为act不作为omission合法行为lawful act违法行为unlawful act民事权利权利能力civil right绝对权absolute right相对权relative right优先权right of priority先买权preemption原权antecedent right救济权right of relief支配权right of dominion请求权right of claim物上请求权right of claim for real thing形成权right of formation撤销权right of claiming cancellation否认权right of claiming cancellation解除权right of renouncement代位权subrogated right选择权right of choice承认权right of admission终止权right of termination抗辩权right of defense一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance 既得权tested right期待权expectant right非专属权non-exclusive right人身权利personal right人权human right人格权right of personality生命健康权right of life and health 姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture自由权right of freedom名誉权right reputation隐私权right of privacy私生活秘密权right of privacy贞操权virginity right身份权right of status亲权parental power; parental right 亲属权right of relative配偶权right of spouse荣誉权right of honor权利的保护protection of right公力救济public protection私力救济self-protection权利本位standard of right社会本位standard of society无责任行为irresponsible right正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimate defence 防卫行为act of defence自为行为self-conducting act紧急避险act of rescue; necessity自助行为act of self-help不可抗力force majeure意外事件accident行为能力capacity for act意思能力capacity of will民事行为civil act意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus完全行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person保佐protection自治产人minor who is capable of administering his own capacity 无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人interdicted person自然人natural person公民citizen住所domicile居所residence经常居住地frequently dwelling place户籍census register监护guardianship个体工商户individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household 合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement合伙财产property of partnership合伙债务debt of partnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawal from partnership合伙企业partnership business establishment 个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership of legal person特别合伙special partnership普通合伙general partnership有限合伙limited partnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship法人legal person企业法人legal body of enterprise企业集团group of enterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise个人独资企业individual business establishment国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise社团法人legal body of mass organization财团法人legal body of financial group联营joint venture法人型联营association of legal persons合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management 合作社cooperative民事法律行为civil legal act单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award 实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为principal civil legal act从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act无效行为ineffective act可撤销民事行为revocable civil act违法行为illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危taking advantage of others’ precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention 恶意串通malicious collaboration重大误解gross misunderstanding显失公平obvious unjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent 委托代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人subagent再代理人subagent转代理人subagent代理权right of agency授权行为act of authorization授权委托书power of attorney代理行为act of agency委托代理agency by mandate本代理original agency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorized agency表见代理agency by estoppel; apparent agency 律师代理agency by lawyer普通代理general agency全权代理general agency全权代理委托书general power of attorney共同代理joint agency独家代理sole agency居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission; broker house信托trust时效time limit; prescription; limitation时效中止suspension of prescription/limitation 时效中断interruption of limitation/prescription 时效延长extension of limitation取得时效acquisitive prescription时效终止lapse of time; termination of prescription 期日date期间term涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign elements 冲突规范rule of conflict准据法applicable law; governing law反致renvoi; remission转致transmission识别identification公共秩序保留reserve of public order法律规避evasion of law国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legal liability民事责任civil liability/responsibility行政责任administrative liability/responsibility刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility违约责任liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default 有限责任limited liability无限责任unlimited liability按份责任shared/several liability连带责任joint and several liability过失责任liability for negligence; negligent liability过错责任fault liability; liability for fault单独过错sole fault共同过错joint fault混合过错mixed fault被害人过错victim’s fault第三人过错third party’s fault推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith; malice故意deliberate intention; intention; willfulness过失negligence重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失careless and inadvertent negligence 过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption 损害事实facts of damage有形损失tangible damage/loss无形损失intangible damage/loss财产损失property damage/loss人身损失personal damage/loss精神损失spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil liability停止侵害cease the infringing act排除妨碍exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle 消除危险elimination of danger返还财产restitution of property恢复原状restitution; restitution of original state赔偿损失compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss 支付违约金payment of liquidated damage消除影响eliminate ill effects。

《常见法律英语词汇大全》

《常见法律英语词汇大全》

在线免费法律咨询/ask法律英语常用词汇大全一、律师部分案件受理费 court acceptance fee案情重大、复杂 important and complicated case案由 cause of action 案子 case 包揽诉讼 monopolize lawsuits被告 defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件)被上诉人 appellee 被诉人 respondent; defendant 本案律师 councel pro hac vice本地律师 local counsel 毕业证 diploma; graduation certificate辩护词 defense; pleadings 辩护律师 defense lawyer 辩护要点 point of defense 辩护意见 submission财产租赁 property tenancy 裁定书 order; ruling; determination(指终审裁定) 裁决书 award(用于仲裁)裁决书 verdict(用于陪审团) 采信的证据 admitted evidence; established evidence草拟股权转让协议 drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests 查阅法条 source legal provisions产权转让 conveyancing 出差 go on errand; go on a business trip 出国深造 further study abroad出具律师意见书 providing legal opinion 出示的证据 exhibit 出庭appear in court 传票 summons; subpoena答辩状 answer; reply 代理词 representation 代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记 agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations 代理仲裁 agency for arbitration代写文书 drafting of legal instruments待决案件 pending case 当事人陈述 statement of the parties 第三人third party 吊销执业证 revocation of lawyer license调查笔录 investigative record 调查取证 investigation and gathering for evidence 调解 mediation调解书 mediation 二审案件 case of trial of second instance 发送电子邮件 send e-mail 法律顾问 legal consultants法律意见书 legal opinions 法律援助 legal aid 法律咨询 legal counseling法庭 division; tribunal 法学博士学位 LL.D (Doctor of Laws) 法学会law society 法学课程 legal courses法学硕士学位 LL.M (Master of Laws) 法学系 faculty of law; department of law法学学士学位 LL.B (Bachelor of Laws) J.D ( juris doctor缩写,美国法学学士) 法学院 law school法院公告 court announcement 反诉状 counterclaim 房地产律师 real estate lawyer; real property lawyer非合伙律师 associate lawyer 非诉讼业务 non-litigation practice 高级合伙人 senior partner 高级律师 senior lawyer各类协议和合同 agreements and contracts 公安局 Public Security Bureau 公司上市 company listing 公诉案件 public-prosecuting case 公证书 notarial certificate 国办律师事务所 state-run law office 国际贸易international trade国际诉讼 international litigation 国内诉讼 domestic litigation 合伙律师 partner lawyer合伙制律师事务所 law office in partner-ship; cooperating law ofice 合同审查、草拟、修改 contract review, drafting and revision 会见当事人interview a client 会见犯罪嫌疑人 interview a criminal suspect 兼职律师 part-time lawyer监狱 prison; jail 鉴定结论 expert conclusion 缴纳会费 membership dues 举证责任 burden of proof; onus probandi决定书 decision 勘验笔录 record of request 看守所 detention house 抗诉书 protest 控告人 accuser; complainant跨国诉讼 transnational litigation 劳动争议 labor disputes 劳动争议仲裁委员会 arbitration committee for labor disputes劳改场 reform-through-labor farm; prison farm 利害关系人interested party; party in interest律管处处长 director of lawyer control department 律师 lawyer attorney; attorney at law律师惩戒 lawyer discipline 律师法 Lawyer Law 律师费 lawyer fee 律师函lawyer’s letter律师见证 lawyer attestation/authentication 律师见证书 lawyer certification/authentication/witness律师卷宗lawyer’s docile; file 律师刊物lawyer’s jou rnal 律师联系电话 contact phone number of a lawyer律师事务所 law office; law firm 律师收费 billing by lawyer 律师网站 lawyer website律师协会 National Bar (Lawyer) Association 律师协会会员 member of Lawyer Association律师协会秘书长 secretary general of Bar (Lawyer) Association 律师协会章程 Articles of Lawyer Assocition律师业务室lawyer’s office 律师执业证 lawyer license 律师助理assistant lawyer律师资格考试 bar exam; lawyer qualification exam 律师资格证 lawyer qualification certificate民事案件 civil case民事调解 civil mediation 民事诉讼 civil litigation 派出所 local police station; police substation判决 judgement(用于民事、行政案件); determination(用于终审); sentence(用于刑事案); verdict(由陪审团作出)旁证 circumstantial evidence 企业章程 articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw企业重组 corporate restructure 起诉状 information; indictment 取消律师资格 disbar全国律师代表大会 National Lawyer Congress 缺席宣判 pronounce judgement or determination by default人民法院People’s Court 人民检察院People’s Procuratorate 认定事实 determine facts上诉案件 case of trial of second instance; appellate case 上诉人appellant 上诉状 petition for appeal涉外律师 lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters 申请复议 administrative reconsideration petition申请加入律师协会 application for admission to Law Association 申请人 petitioner; claimant申诉案件 appeal case 申诉人(仲裁) claimant; plaintiff 申诉书appeal for revision, petition for revision实习律师 apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period 实习律师证certificate of apprentice lawyer视听证据 audio-visual reference material 适用法律 apply law to facts 受害人 victim书证 documentary evidence 司法部 Ministry of Justice 司法建议书judicial advise司法局 Judicial Bureau 司法局副局长 deputy director of Judicial Bureau 司法局局长 director of Judicial Bureau司法统一考试 uniform judicial exam 送达 service of process 诉讼litigation; action; lawsuit诉讼当事人 litigation party; litigious party 诉讼业务 litigation practice诉状 complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim 推销法律服务promote/market legal service外国律师事务所 foreign law office 委托代理合同 authorized representation contract委托代理人 agent ad litem; entrusted agent 委托授权书 power of attorney 物证 material evidence嫌疑人 criminal suspect 项目融资 project financing 项目谈判project negotiating 刑事案件 criminal case刑事诉讼 criminal litigation 行政诉讼 administrative litigation 休庭 adjourn the court; recess宣判 pronounce judgement; determination 宣誓书 affidavit 业务进修attendance in advanced studies一审案件 case of trial of first instance 与国外律师事务所交流communicate with foreign law firms原告 plaintiff 证券律师 securities lawyer 证人证言 testimony of witness; affidavit 执行笔录 execution record执业登记 registration for practice 执业范围 scope of practice; sphere of practice; practice area执业申请 practice application 执业证年检 annual inspection of lawyer license 仲裁 arbitration仲裁案件 arbitration case 仲裁机构 arbitration agency 专门律师specialized lawyer专职律师 professional lawyer; full-time lawyer 撰写法律文章 write legal thesis 资信调查 credit standing investigation自诉案件 private prosecuting case二、诉讼法律案件 case 案件发回 remand/rimit a case (to a low court) 案件名称title of a case 案卷材料 materials in the case案情陈述书 statement of case 案外人 person other than involved in the case 案值 total value involved in the case败诉方 losing party 办案人员 personnel handling a case 保全措施申请书 application for protective measures报案 report a case (to security authorities) 被告 defendant; the accused 被告人最后陈述 final statement of the accused被告向原告第二次答辩 rejoinder 被害人 victim 被害人的诉讼代理人victim’s agent ad litem被上诉人 respondent; the appellee 被申请人 respondent 被申请执行人party against whom execution is filed被执行人 person subject to enforcement 本诉 principal action 必要共同诉讼人 party in necessary co-litigation变通管辖 jurisdiction by accord 辩护 defense 辩护律师 defense attorney/lawyer 辩护人 defender辩护证据 exculpatory evidence; defense evidence 辩论阶段 stage of court debate驳回反诉 dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim 驳回请求deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、维持原判 reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling驳回诉讼 dismiss an action/suit 驳回通知书 notice of dismissal 驳回自诉 dismiss/reject a private prosecution驳回自诉裁定书 ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case 补充答辩 supplementary answer补充判决 supplementary judgement 补充侦查 supplementary investigation 不公开审理 trial in camera不立案决定书 written decision of no case-filing 不批准逮捕决定书written decision of disapproving an arrest不起诉 nol pros 不予受理起诉通知书 notice of dismissal of accusation by the court财产保全申请书 application for attachment; application for property preservation 裁定 order; determination (指最终裁定)裁定管辖 jurisdiction by order 裁定书 order; ruling 裁决书 award 采信的证据 admitted evidence查封 seal up 撤回上诉 withdraw appeal 撤诉 withdraw a lawsuit 撤销立案 revoke a case placed on file撤销原判,发回重审 rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original court for retrial出示的证据 exhibit 除权判决 invalidating judgement (for negotiable instruments) 传唤 summon; call传闻证据 hearsay 答辩 answer; reply 答辩陈述书 statement of defence 答辩状 answer; reply大法官 associate justices; justice 大检察官 deputy chief procurator 代理控告 agency for accusation代理申诉 agency for appeal 代理审判员 acting judge代为申请取保候审 agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving弹劾式诉讼 accusatory procedure 当事人陈述 statement of the parties当庭宣判 pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court 地区管辖territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院 inter-mediate People’s Procuratorate 第三人 third party 调查笔录 record of investigation定期宣判 pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date定罪证据 incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence 冻结 freeze 督促程序 procedure of supervision and urge独任庭 sole-judge bench 独任仲裁员 sole arbitrator对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施 compulsory measures against impairment of civil action对席判决 judgement inter parties 二审 trial of second instance 二审案件 case of trial of second insurance罚款 impose a fine 法定证据 statutory legal evidence 法定证据制度system of legal evidence 法官 judges法警 bailiff; court police 法律文书 legal instruments/papers 法律援助 legal aid 法律咨询 legal consulting法庭辩论 court debate 法庭调查 court investigation 法庭审理笔录court record 法庭审理方式 mode of court trial法庭庭长 chief judge of a tribunal 法院 court 法院公告 court announcement 反诉 counterclaim反诉答辩状 answer with counterclaim 反诉状 counterclaim 犯罪嫌疑人criminal suspect附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action 附带民事诉讼被告defendant of collateral civil action复查 reexamination; recheck 复验 reinspect 高级法官 senior judge 高级检察官 senior procurator高级人民法院Higher People’s Court 告诉案件 case of complaint 告诉才处理的案件 case accepted at complaint告诉申诉庭 complaint and petition division 工读学校 work-study school for delinquent children公安部 Ministry of Public Security 公安分局 public securitysub-bureau公安厅 public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government 公开审理 trial in public 公开审判制度 open trial system 公示催告程序procedure of public summons for exhortation 公诉案件 public-prosecuting case 公诉词 statement of public prosecution 公证机关 public notary office共同管辖 concurrent jurisdiction 管辖 jurisdiction 国际司法协助international judicial assistance海事法院 maritime court 合议庭 collegial panel 合议庭评议笔录record of deliberating by the collegiate bench和解 composition; compromise 核对诉讼当事人身份 check identity of litigious parties 恢复执行 resumption of execution回避 withdrawal 混合式诉讼 mixed action 基层人民法院 basic People’s Court 羁押期限 term in custody级别管辖 subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels 监视居住 living at home under surveillance监狱 prison 检察官 procurator 检察权 prosecutorial power 检察委员会 procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院 procuratorate 检察院派出机构 outpost tribunal of procuratorate 简易程序 summary procedure鉴定结论 expert conclusion 经济审判庭 economic tribunal径行判决 direct adjudication without sessions; judgement without notice纠问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings 拘传 summon by force; summon by warrant 拘留所 detention house举报 information/report of an offence 举证责任 burden of proof; onus probandi 决定书 decision军事法院 military procuratorate 开庭审理 open a court session 开庭通知 notice of court session勘验笔录 record of inquest 看守所 detention house 可执行财产executable property 控告式诉讼 accusatory proceedings控诉证据 incriminating evidence 控诉职能 accusation function 扣押distrain on; attachment 扣押物 distress/distraint宽限期 period of grace 劳动争议仲裁申请书 petition for labor dispute arbitration 劳改场 reform-through-labor farm劳教所 reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序 procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence 累积证据 cumulative evidence立案报告 place a case on file 立案管辖 functional jurisdiction 立案决定书 written decision of case-filing立案侦查 report of placing a case on file 利害关系人 interested party 临时裁决书 interim award律师见证书lawyer’s written attestation; lawyer’s written authentication 律师事务所 law office; law firm律师提前介入 prior intervention by lawyer 免于刑事处分 exemption from criminal penalty 民事案件 civil case民事审判庭 civil tribunal 民事诉讼 civil action 民事诉讼法 Civil Procedural Law扭送 seize and deliver a suspect to the police 派出法庭 detached tribunal 派出所 police station判决 judgement; determination 判决书 judgement; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的) 旁证 circumstantial evidence陪审员 juror 批准逮捕 approval of arrest 破案 clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case 破产 bankruptcy; insolvency普通程序 general/ordinary procedure 普通管辖 general jurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序 procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation 起诉 filing of a lawsuit起诉 sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings 起诉状indictment; information区县检察院grassroots People’s Procuratorate 取保候审 the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving缺席判决 default judgement 人民调解委员会People’s Mediation Committee认定财产无主案件 cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity上诉 appeal 上诉人 appellant 上诉状 petition for appeal 少管所juvenile prison社会治安综合治理 comprehensive treatment of social security 涉外案件 cases involving foreign interests涉外民事诉讼 foreign civil proceedings 涉外刑事诉讼 foreign criminal proceedings 申请人 applicant; petitioner申请书 petition; application for arbitration 申请执行人 execution applicant申诉人宣誓书claimant’s affidavit of authenticity 申诉书 appeal for revision; petition for revision神示证据制度 system of divinity evidence 神示制度 ordeal system 审查案件 case review审查并决定逮捕 examine and decide arrest 审查起诉阶段 stage of review and prosecution 审理通知书 notice of hearing审判长 presiding judge 审判长宣布开庭 presiding judge announce court in session审判管辖 adjudgement/trial jurisdiction 审判监督程序 procedure for trial supervision 审判委员会 judicial committee审判员 judge 审问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings 生效判决裁定legally effective judgement/order胜诉方 winning party 省市自治区检察院higher People’s Procuratorate 失踪和死亡宣告 declaration of disappearance and death 实(质)体证据 substantial evidence 实物证据 tangible evidence 实在证据real evidence示意证据 demonstrative evidence 视听证据 audio-visual evidence 收容所 collecting post; safe retreat首席大法官 chief justice 首席检察官 chief procurator 受害人的近亲属victim’s immediate family受理 acceptance 受理刑事案件审批表 registration form of acceptance of criminal case 受送达人 the addressee书记员 court clerk 书记员宣读法庭纪律 court clerk reads court rules 书证 documentary evidence司法部 Ministry of Justice 司法机关 judicial organizatons 司法警察judicial police 司法局 judicial bureau司法厅 judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government 司法协助judicial assistance 死缓的复核 judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve死刑复核程序 procedure for judicial review of death sentence 死刑复核权 competence for judicial review of death sentence送达 service of process 送达传票 service of summons/subpoena 送达诉状 service of bill of complaint 搜查 search诉 sue; suit; action; lawsuit 诉前财产保全 property attachment prior to lawsuit 诉讼 litigation; lawsuit; sue; action诉讼保全 attachment 诉讼参加人 litigious participants 诉讼代理人agent ad litem诉状 complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim 特别程序 special procedures 提起公诉 institute a public prosecution铁路法院 railway court 铁路检察院 railroad transport procuratorate 庭审程序 procedure of court trial通缉 wanted for arrest 投案 appearance 退回补充侦查 return of a case for supplementary investigation委托辩护 entrusted defense 未成年人法庭 juvenile court 无行政职务的法官 associate judge无正当理由拒不到庭 refuse to appear in court without due cause 无罪判决acquittal, finding of “ not guilty ”物证 material evidence 先予执行申请书 application for advanced execution 先予执行 advanced execution刑事案件 criminal case 刑事拘留 criminal detention 刑事强制拘留criminal coercive/compulsory measures刑事审判庭 criminal tribunal 刑事诉讼 criminal proceedings 刑事诉讼法 Criminal Procedural Law刑事自诉状 self-incriminating criminal complaint 行政案件administrative case 行政审判庭 administrative tribunal行政诉讼 administrative proceedings 行政诉讼法 Administrative Procedural Law宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件 cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death宣判笔录 record of rendition of judgement 选民资格案件 cases concerning qualifications of voters询问证人 inquire/question a witness 训诫 reprimand 讯问笔录 record of interrogation询问犯罪嫌疑人 interrogate criminal suspect 言词证据 verbal evidence 要求传唤证人申请书 application for subpoena一裁终局 arbitration award shall be final and binding 一审 trial of first instance 一审案件 case of trial of first instance应诉通知书 notice of respondence to action 有罪判决 sentence; finding of “guilty” 予审 preliminary examinantion; pretrial原告 plaintiff 院长 court president 阅卷笔录 record of file review (by lawyers) 再审案件 case of retrial再审申请书 petition for retrial 责令具结悔过 order to sign a statement of repentance 债权人会议creditors’ meeting侦查阶段 investigation stage 侦查终结 conclusion of investigation征询原、被告最后意见 consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant 证据 evidence证据保全 preserve evidence 证据保全申请书 application for evidence preservation证人证言 testimony of witness; affidavit 支付令 paymentorder/warrant 知识产权庭 intellectual property tribunal执行程序 procedure execution 执行逮捕 execution of arrest 执行和解conciliation of execution执行回转 recovery of execution 执行庭 executive tribunal 执行异议objection to execution 执行员 executor执行中止 discontinuance of execution 执行终结 conclusion of execution 指定辩护 appointed defense指定仲裁员声明 statement of appointing arbitrator 中级人民法院intermediate People’s Court中途退庭 retreat during court session without permission 仲裁arbitration 仲裁被诉人 respondent; defendant仲裁裁决 award 仲裁申请书 arbitration 仲裁申诉人 claimant; plaintiff 仲裁庭 arbitration tribunal仲裁委员会 arbitration committee 仲裁协议 arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration 仲裁员 arbitrator主诉检察官 principal procurator 助理检察官 assistant procurator 助理审判员 assistant judge专门法院 special court专门管辖 specific jurisdiction 专属管辖exclusive jurisdiction追究刑事责任 investigate for criminal responsibility 自首confession to justice 自诉案件 private-prosecuting case自行辩护 self-defense 自由心证制度 doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence自侦案件 self-investigating case 最高人民法院 the Supreme People’s Court最高人民检察院the Supreme People’s Procuratorate 最后裁决书final award三、民事法律法律渊源 source of law制定法 statute判例法 case law; precedent普通法 common law特别法 special law固有法 native law; indigenous law继受法 adopted law实体法 substantial law程序法 procedural law原则法 fundamental law例外法 exception law司法解释 judicial interpretation习惯法 customary law公序良俗 public order and moral自然法 natural law罗马法 Roman Law私法 private law公法 public law市民法 jus civile万民法 jus gentium民法法系 civil law system英美法系 system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系 civil law system普通法 common law大陆法 continental law罗马法系 Roman law system英吉利法 English law衡平法 equity; law of equity日尔曼法 Germantic law教会法 ecclesiastical law寺院法 canon law伊斯兰法 Islamic law民法法律规范 norm of civil law授权规范 authorization norm禁止规范 forbidding norm义务性规范 obligatory norm命令性规范 commanding norm民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则 principle of equality自愿原则 principle of free will公平原则 principle of justice等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则 principle of good faith行为 act作为 act不作为 omission合法行为 lawful act违法行为 unlawful act民事权利权利能力 civil right绝对权 absolute right相对权 relative right优先权 right of priority先买权 preemption原权 antecedent right救济权 right of relief支配权 right of dominion请求权 right of claim物上请求权 right of claim for real thing形成权 right of formation撤销权 right of claiming cancellation否认权 right of claiming cancellation解除权 right of renouncement代位权 subrogated right选择权 right of choice承认权 right of admission终止权 right of termination抗辩权 right of defense一时性抗辩权 momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权 permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权 unstable counter-argument right同时履行抗辩权 defense right of simultaneous performance 既得权 tested right期待权 expectant right专属权 exclusive right非专属权 non-exclusive right人身权利 personal right人权 human right人格权 right of personality生命健康权 right of life and health 姓名权 right of name名称权 right of name肖像权 right of portraiture自由权 right of freedom名誉权 right reputation隐私权 right of privacy私生活秘密权 right of privacy贞操权 virginity right身份权 right of status亲权 parental power; parental right 亲属权 right of relative探视权 visitation right配偶权 right of spouse荣誉权 right of honor权利的保护 protection of right公力救济 public protection私力救济 self-protection权利本位 standard of right社会本位 standard of society无责任行为 irresponsible right正当防卫 justifiable right; ligitimate defence防卫行为 act of defence自为行为 self-conducting act紧急避险 act of rescue; necessity自助行为 act of self-help不可抗力 force majeure意外事件 accident行为能力 capacity for act意思能力 capacity of will民事行为 civil act意思表示 declaration of intention意思表示一致 meeting of minds; consensus完全行为能力 perfect capacity for act限制行为能力 restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人 quasi-interdicted person保佐 protection自治产人 minor who is capable of administering his own capacity 无行为能力 incapacity for act禁治产人 interdicted person自然人 natural person公民 citizen住所 domicile居所 residence经常居住地 frequently dwelling place户籍 census register监护 guardianship个体工商户 individual business农村承包经营户 leaseholding rural household合伙 partnership合伙人 partner合伙协议 partnership agreement合伙财产 property of partnership合伙债务 debt of partnership入伙 join partnership退伙 withdrawal from partnership合伙企业 partnership business establishment个人合伙 partnership法人合伙 partnership of legal person特别合伙 special partnership普通合伙 general partnership有限合伙 limited partnership民事合伙 civil partnership隐名合伙 sleeping partnership; dormant partnership私营企业 private enterprise; proprietorship法人 legal person企业法人 legal body of enterprise企业集团 group of enterprise关联企业 affiliate enterprise个人独资企业 individual business establishment国有独资企业 solely state-owned enterprise中外合资企业 Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise中外合作企业 Sino-foreign contractual enterprise社团法人 legal body of mass organization财团法人 legal body of financial group联营 joint venture法人型联营 association of legal persons合伙型联营 coordinated management in partnership协作型联营 cooperation-type coordinated management合作社 cooperative民事法律行为 civil legal act单方民事法律行为 unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为 bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为 joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为 civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为 civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award实践性民事法律行为 practical civil legal act诺成性民事法律行为 consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为 formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为 informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为 causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为 noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为 principal civil legal act从民事法律行为 accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为 conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为 civil legal act with term生前民事法律行为 civil legal act before death死后民事法律行为 civil legal act after death准民事法律行为 quasi-civil legal act无效行为 ineffective act可撤销民事行为 revocable civil act违法行为 illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为 tort欺诈 fraud胁迫 duress乘人之危taking advantage of others’ precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的 legal form concealing illegal intention 恶意串通 malicious collaboration重大误解 gross misunderstanding显失公平 obvious unjust误传 misrepresentation代理 agency本人 principal被代理人 principal受托人 trustee代理人 agent本代理人 original agent法定代理人 statutory agent; legal agent委托代理人 agent by mandate指定代理人 designated agent复代理人 subagent再代理人 subagent转代理人 subagent代理权 right of agency授权行为 act of authorization授权委托书 power of attorney代理行为 act of agency委托代理 agency by mandate本代理 original agency复代理 subagency次代理 subagency有权代理 authorized agency表见代理 agency by estoppel; apparent agency律师代理 agency by lawyer普通代理 general agency全权代理 general agency全权代理委托书 general power of attorney共同代理 joint agency独家代理 sole agency居间 brokerage居间人 broker行纪 commission; broker house信托 trust时效 time limit; prescription; limitation时效中止 suspension of prescription/limitation时效中断 interruption of limitation/prescription时效延长 extension of limitation取得时效 acquisitive prescription时效终止 lapse of time; termination of prescription 期日 date期间 term涉外民事关系 civil relations with foreign elements 冲突规范 rule of conflict准据法 applicable law; governing law反致 renvoi; remission转致 transmission识别 identification公共秩序保留 reserve of public order法律规避 evasion of law国籍 nationality国有化 nationalization法律责任 legal liability民事责任 civil liability/responsibility行政责任 administrative liability/responsibility刑事责任 criminal liability/responsibility违约责任 liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default 有限责任 limited liability无限责任 unlimited liability按份责任 shared/several liability连带责任 joint and several liability过失责任 liability for negligence; negligent liability过错责任 fault liability; liability for fault单独过错 sole fault共同过错 joint fault混合过错 mixed fault被害人过错victim’s fault第三人过错third party’s fault推定过错 presumptive fault恶意 bad faith; malice故意 deliberate intention; intention; willfulness过失 negligence重大过失 gross negligence疏忽大意的过失 careless and inadvertent negligence 过于自信的过失 negligence with undue assumption损害事实 facts of damage有形损失 tangible damage/loss无形损失 intangible damage/loss财产损失 property damage/loss人身损失 personal damage/loss精神损失 spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式 methods of bearing civil liability 停止侵害 cease the infringing act排除妨碍 exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle 消除危险 elimination of danger返还财产 restitution of property恢复原状 restitution; restitution of original state 赔偿损失 compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss 支付违约金 payment of liquidated damage消除影响 eliminate ill effects恢复名誉rehabilitate one’s reputation赔礼道歉 extend a formal apology物权 jus ad rem; right in rem; real right物权制度 real right system; right in rem system一物一权原则 the principal of One thing, One Right物权法定主义 principal of legality of right in rem物权公示原则 principal of public summons of right in rem 物权法 jus rerem物 property生产资料 raw material for production生活资料 means of livelihood; means of subsistence流通物 res in commercium; a thing in commerce限制流通物 limited merchantable thing禁止流通物 res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce 资产 asset固定资产 fixed asset流动资产 current asset; floating asset动产 movables; chattel不动产 immovable; real estate特定物 res certae; a certain thing种类物 genus; indefinite thing可分物 res divisibiles; divisible things不可分物 res indivisibiles; indivisible things主物 res capitalis; a principal thing从物 res accessoria; an accessory thing原物 original thing孳息 fruits天然孳息 natural fruits法定孳息 legal fruits无主物 bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods 遗失物 lost property漂流物 drifting object埋藏物 fortuna; hidden property货币 currency证券 securities债券 bond物权分类 classification of right in rem/real right 自物权 jus in re propria; right of full ownership 所有权 dominium; ownership; title所有权凭证 document of title; title of ownership 占有权 dominium utile; equitable ownership使用权 right of use; right to use of收益权 right to earnings; right to yields处分权 right of disposing; jus dispodendi善意占有 possession in good faith恶意占有 malicious possession按份共有 several possession共同共有 joint possession他物权 jus in re aliena用益物权 real right for usufruct使用权 right to use; right of use土地使用权 right to the use of land林权 forest ownership采矿权 mining ownership经营权 managerial authority; power of management承包经营权 right to contracted management相邻权 neighboring right; relatedright地上权 superficies永佃权 jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract地役权 servitude; easement人役权 servitus personarum; personal servitude担保物权 real right for security物的担保 security for thing物的瑕疵担保 warranty against defect of a thing抵押权 hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage抵押权的设定 creation of right to mortgage抵押人 mortgagor抵押权人 mortgagee抵押标的物 collateral; estate under mortgage抵押权的效力 deffect of right to mortgage抵押权的次序 sequence of right to mortgage抵押权的抛弃 abandonment of right to mortgage。

常用法律英语词汇注解

常用法律英语词汇注解

12398 2008-10-9 9:34:32Ab i nitio“The contract was void ab initioAccusedAccused Defendant RespondentAcquittal“The accused is acquitted AcquittalAdjourn30 “adjourned for 30 minutes “adjourned to a date to be fixedAffidavitAffidavit AffirmationAllegationThe Plaintiff alleged that his loss was due to the Defendant's breach of contract AllegationAssaultAssault “Common Assault Aggravated Assault Indecent AssaultAs i s“As is “The property is and will be sold on an ”as is“basis …”BailBalance of ProbabilitiesBeyond reasonable doubt“benefit of doubtBinding“binding This provisional agreement is a binding contractBody CorporationLimited CompanyBurden of ProofCause of ActionCautionCertified CopyChamber“Chamber “hearing in chambersChargeCharge 1. Legal Charge 2. This case has more than one charge 3. The company charged its property for the loan 4.ClaimStatement of Claim Particulars of ClaimConcurrent SentenceConsecutive SentenceConsiderationContempt of CourtContributory NegligenceCopyrightCounterclaimCustodyCustody Custody of ChildrenDecree“decree nisi” “decree absolute decree nisiDeedDefamationDefenceDependantDisclaimerDisclaimerDiscovery of documentsDistraintDomicile[ ] [ ]Estoppel“StopEx P arte“Inter ParteFalse ImprisonmentFiduciary DutyForthwithThe outstanding sum should be settled forthwith.FrivolousFrivolousGarnisheeGuarantee(Guarantor) Deed of GuaranteeHearingHearsay evidenceImplied t ermInfringementUsing a registered trade mark without its owner's permission is a serious infringement of the owner's proprietary right.InjunctionInstrument(Instrument of Transfer)Inter alia" "Interim order(Interim Maintenance Order)Interlocutory14Intestacy<< >> (Administrator)Intra vivres( ultra vivres)Ipso factoIssueIssue 1. This writ was issued more than one year. 1 2. The issue of this action is the date of the contract. 3. None of his issues will be benefited from his estate.Joint tenancy(Tenancy in Common) " "LapseThis offer will be lapsed automatically after the time limit.LeaveLeave " " It is necessary to seek the Court's leave to file a document out of time.LienLimitation period6 12 3Liquidated damagesListingMaintenanceMeritsMesne profitsMisappropriationMitigation1.2.Natural childnatural child (legitimate) (illegitimate)NegligenceNext friendNon e st f actum?Non est factum non est factum it is not my deedNotice to quit( )Nullity of MarriageObiter dictumOfficial ReceiverOnus of proofBurden of ProofOpen Contract( )Order of dischargeOrdinary resolutionextraordinary resolution ( ) special resolution ( )OverrulingPardonPartial intestacy( )Personal servicePetitionPetitionPhysical possessionPhysical possession possessionPlaintiffPossessory titlePower of AttorneyPre-emptionPre-emptionPremiumPresumption of deathProhibition OrderQuantumQuantumQuestion of fact** ** **Question of LawQuilt enjoymentReckless driving(careless driving)ReconciliationRedemptionRefresher feerefresher feeRegistered officeReliefRemandRemoteremoteRequisitionRestraint of tradeRule o f l awSeal"Sign seal and deliver"Secondary evidenceSeverance payments24Sine d ie"adjourned sine die"SlanderSmugglingSpecific performanceStatement of affairsStatement of affairsSub-lettingSub-rogationTenant in common,Tomlin o rderTracingTraining centre14-21TrespassTrustUnascertained goodsUndertakingundertaking undertakingUndue influenceUnsecuredV acant possessionV erdictVicarious liabilityV oidV oir d ireV oluntary dispositionWard of courtWarranty, , .WillWounding17 19 30 40Writ of fieri faciasWrit of possessionYouth custody centreZealous w itness。

(完整版)法律专业英语词汇

(完整版)法律专业英语词汇

完整版)法律专业英语词汇Part 1: 刑法词汇1.罪犯(criminal):犯罪行为的实施者。

2.杀人(murder):故意造成他人死亡的行为。

3.盗窃(theft):非法占有他人财产的行为。

4.强奸(rape):非法性侵他人的行为。

5.纵火(arson):故意放火的行为。

6.敲诈(___):以暴力或威胁手段获取财产的行为。

7.走私(smuggling):非法将商品或物品携带入境或出境。

8.贩毒(drug trafficking):非法交易毒品或在毒品交易中参与。

9.偷税漏税(___):通过欺诈手段逃避缴纳税款。

10.洗钱(money laundering):将非法获取的资金合法化。

Part 2: 民事法词汇1.合同(contract):双方达成的书面或口头协议,产生法律效力。

2.索赔(claim):要求对方支付损失或赔偿的权利。

3.诉讼(n):通过法律程序解决争端。

4.侵权(infringement):侵犯他人权益或利益的行为。

5.损害赔偿(n):对因他人行为受到损害的一方支付的补偿款项。

6.法定继承人(legal heir):根据法律规定,有权继承遗产的人。

7.执行(enforcement):将法律判决或裁决强制执行的行为。

8.违约(breach of contract):不履行或违反合同中规定的义务。

9.诉讼费用(n costs):诉讼过程中产生的费用,如律师费、鉴定费等。

10.司法鉴定(judicial appraisal):法院指定的专门机构对相关事实或证据进行鉴定。

Part 3: 行政法词汇1.行政机关(administrative organ):政府管理机关,行使行政权力。

2.行政处罚(administrative penalty):行政机关根据法律或法规对违法行为采取的处罚措施。

3.行政许可(administrative license):行政机关根据法律或法规对特定行为发出的批准文件。

常见法律英语词汇注解

常见法律英语词汇注解

常见法律英语词汇注解1、A mensa et thoro——法定分居A mensa et thoro is a Latin term meaning "from table and bed" which became used in English as "from bed and board."A kind of divorce which does not dissolve the marriage bond, but merely authorizes a separate life of the husband and wife. Neither spouse has the right to remarry where there is a divorce a mensa et thoro; only parties who have been awarded a divorce a vinculo matrimonii, the more common type of divorce, can do so.【注】即一种不解散婚姻关系的离婚。

处于此种状态的配偶均不得再婚。

2、A vinculo matrimonii——解除婚姻、离婚literally "from the bond of marriage." Such a divorce generally enables the parties to marry again.【注】意为“解除婚姻关系”。

3、Ab initio——自始无效[Latin, From the beginning; from the first act; from the inception.]。

An agreement is said to be “void ab initio(自始无效)”if it has at no time had any legal validity. The illegality of the conduct or the revelation of the real facts makes the entire situation illegal ab initio (from the beginning), not just from the time the wrongful behavior occurs.【注】形容事件由开始时的状态,例如合约从开始便已经无效,称为“The contract was void ab initio”。

常用法律英语词汇注解

常用法律英语词汇注解

常用法律英语词汇注解随着全球化的深入,法律行业的国际化已成为趋势。

在全球化法律的环境下,法律英语已经成为全球律师和法律爱好者必不可少的知识,掌握常用的法律英语词汇及其意义对于法律职业人士来说尤为重要。

在本文中,我们将为大家解释一些常用的法律英语词汇,并提供简单的定义和案例。

1. 责任 (Liability)定义责任是指义务的存在,可以是道德上的,也可以是法律上的。

在法律上,责任通常被定义为遵守法律的义务,包括合法的行为和避免伤害他人。

实例如果一家公司的产品导致了消费者的伤害,该公司可能会被要求承担产品责任,支付医疗和其他赔偿费用。

2. 滥用权利 (Abuse of rights)定义滥用权利指行使自己的权利,超出了合理和公正的限度,对他人造成了伤害。

这种行为可能导致对行使权利的限制,甚至由此产生的一些不良后果可能需要进一步的法律制裁。

实例如果一个房主滥用其权利而非法驱逐房客,这可能对房客造成财务和/或情感上的伤害,并可以起诉房主为滥用权利。

3. 委托 (Agency)定义委托是指一方(委托人)授权另一方(代理人)以其名义进行特定的行动。

在法律上,代理人可能需要遵守特定的规定和限制,代理人的行为也可能对委托人产生法律后果。

实例如果公司雇用代理人与客户进行谈判,则该代理人行为的结果有可能与委托人公司的正当利益相关,因此代理人必须遵守公司的特定指令,而公司也必须对代理人进行监督以确保其品行。

4. 法律诉讼 (Litigation)定义法律诉讼是指通过法律程序解决争议,包括案件的提交、证据收集和在法庭上辩论。

在许多情况下,斗争可能会以妥协或调解方式解决,但有时候法律诉讼是必要的。

实例如果一家公司之间存在合同纠纷,当双方无法通过协商解决时,一家或双方可能会选择提起诉讼,由法院进行仲裁。

5. 损害赔偿 (Damages)定义损害赔偿是指在财产、身体、名誉或其他途径等方面造成的损害后的赔偿。

在法律上,受损人可能会要求负责人为其造成的损失和不便赔偿。

法律英语名词解释

法律英语名词解释

Constitution宪法public law 公法private law 私法common law 普通法civil law 罗马法, 大陆法; 民法case law 判例法statutory law 制定法equity law 衡平法Provisions of Oxford 牛津条例writ 令状writ upon the case 本案令状court of chancery 衡平法院injunction 强制令binding interpretation 具有约束力的法律解释civil suit 民事诉讼action 法律诉讼,诉讼行为the Bar 律师业,司法界barrister 诉讼律师, 大律师, 出庭律师solicitor 非诉律师, 诉状律师, 事务律师advocacy 出廷辩护,代理诉讼single practitioner 单独开业者house counsel 专职法律顾问public prosecutors 公诉人,检察官attorney 律师;检察官Attorney General 司法部长;检察总长Chief Justice 首席大法官litigation 诉讼litigant 诉讼当事人Juris Doctor (JD) 法律博士Master of Laws (LLM) 法学硕士Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD) 法学博士curriculum 课程required course 必修课elective course 选修课the case method 案例教学法the Socratic method 苏格拉底式教学法old boy networks 老哥们关系网the modern regulatory nation 现代规制国家Federal Court System 联邦法院系统: The Supreme Court 最高法院Courts of Appeals上诉法院District Courts地区法院Special Courts特别法院Three-tiered model 三级(审判)体制:trial court (审判法院;初审法院)appellate court , court of appeals(上诉法院)supreme court 最高法院Litigant 诉讼当事人capital punishment死刑writ of certiorari调案调卷令be on the bench担任法官career judiciary职业法官popular vote普选gross misconduct严重的过失行为doctrine of constitutional supremacy宪法至上原则malfeasance 渎职行为judicial interpretation 司法解释judicial review 司法审查constitutionality 合宪性impeachment 弹劾associate justice 陪审大法官administrative law 行政法agency action 行政行为adjudication 裁定;裁决sub-constitutional 准宪法性;亚宪法性statutory law 制定法Formal adjudication 正式裁决Informal adjudication 非正式裁决Formal rulemaking 正式规章制定Informal rulemaking 非正式规章制定Criminal Law 刑法Model Penal Code 标准刑法典Criminal liability刑事责任Capital punishment 死刑Insanity defense 精神不正常辩护Homicide 杀人罪Self-defense 自卫;正当防卫forcible felony暴力性重罪gross negligence严重过失criminal homicide 有罪杀人Malice恶意Murder谋杀Death penalty死刑Felony重罪co-felons重罪共犯first degree murder一级谋杀罪manslaughter非恶意杀人;非预谋杀人criminal sanction刑事惩罚conviction rate定罪率acquittal 宣告无罪gross negligence严重过失reckless homicide疏忽大意杀人negligent homicide过失杀人civil rights law 民权法invidious discrimination 嫉恨式歧视Magistrate治安法官;司法官summary judgment motion即决审判动议cause of action诉因Contract Law合同法Agreement-in-fact事实协议Agreement-as-written书面协议Uniform Commercial Code统一商法典Offer要约Acceptance承诺Consideration对价Contract performance合同履行Tangible property有形财产Intangible property无形财产Conveyance of property财产权的转让Primary authority首要法源Secondary authority次要法源Tax evasion逃税Restatements of the Law法律重述汇编Stare decisis遵从前例Tort Law 侵权法intentional tort故意侵权negligence or negligent tort过失侵权contingent fee 成功酬金tortfeasor 侵权人intangible damage 无形损害conversion of propertyfalse imprisonment 非法拘禁defamation 诽谤invasion of privacy侵犯隐私products liability 产品责任duty of care照看义务contributory negligence 共同过失comparative negligence 比较过失strict Liability 严格责任medical malpractice 医务渎职property law 财产法tangible property 有形财产intangible property无形财产security transaction 担保交易deficiency judgment不足额判决foreclosure 取消赎回权mortgage holder 抵押权人secondary financing 间接融资Corporation Law公司法individual proprietorships个体业主partnerships 合伙Uniform Partnership Act统一合伙条例Model Business Corporation Acts标准商务公司条例Securities Exchange Act证券交易条例Blue Sky Laws 蓝天法Federal Antitrust Laws 联邦反托拉斯法separate legal entities 独立法人实体general partnerships 一般合伙Limited partnerships 有限合伙publicly held corporations公众持股公司close corporations 内部持股公司Insurance Law保险法group insurance 团体保险insurance policy 保险单accident insurance 意外保险liability insurance 责任保险insurance proceeds 保险收益buy-out agreement (股权)承买协议premium 保险费stock retirement plan 赎股计划Commercial Law商法The Uniform Commercial Code 统一商法典commerce clause 商业条款complete grant of power 完全授权commerce power 商务权力Modern Commerce Power Tests现代商务权力检验标准Modern Delegation of Power Doctrine 现代授权原则rulemaking 规章制定due process 正当程序。

常用法律词语--附英文解释

常用法律词语--附英文解释

下面的常用法律英语词语(按照字母顺序)来自于纽约市民事法庭官网,对于法律英语学习者很有帮助,阅读其原本的英文解释可以帮助我们很好的理解其含义。

Aaction: a civil judicial proceeding whereby one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or prevention of a wrong; requires service of process on adversary party or potentially adversary partyadjournment: a temporary postponement of the proceedings of a case until a specified future timeadjudicate: to hear or try and determine judiciallyadversary: an opponent. The defendant is the plaintiff's adversaryadult: a person over 18 years oldaffiant: one who swears to an affidavit; deponentaffidavit: a sworn or affirmed statement made in writing and signed; if sworn, it is notarized affirmed: upheld, agreed with (e.g.,The Appellate Court affirmed the judgment of the Civil Court) allegation: the assertion, declaration, or statement of a party to an action, made in a pleading, setting out what the party expects to proveallege: to assert a fact in a pleadingallocution: a formal address by a trial judge to the parties on the record to find out if they understand the terms of a stipulation of settlementamend: to changeanswer: a paper filed in court and sent to the plaintiff by the defendant, admitting or denying the statements in the plaintiff's complaint, and briefly stating why the plaintiff's claims are incorrect and why the defendant is not responsible for the plaintiff's injury or lossappeal: in an appeal, either plaintiff or defendant (or sometimes both) asks a higher reviewing court to consider a lower court judge's decision. One may only appeal a judge's ruling, not an arbitrator's ruling.appeal as of right: the ability to bring an appeal of an order or a judgment without seeking permission of the courtappear/ appearance: the participation in the proceedings by a party summoned in an action, either in person or through an attorneyappellant: the party who takes an appeal to a higher courtappellee: the party against whom an appeal is takenarbitration: a process in which an impartial attorney trained in arbitration or a retired judge decides a dispute instead of the court; if the parties consent to arbitration, the arbitrator's decision is final; otherwise, a dissatisfied party may request a trial before the court arbitrator: a disinterested person trained in arbitration who hears evidence concerning the dispute and makes an award based on the evidenceargument: a reason given in proof or rebuttalattachment: the taking of property into legal custody by an enforcement officerBbill of particulars: factual detail submitted by a claimant after a request by the adverse party which details, clarifies or explains further the charges and/or facts alleged in a pleadingbrief: a written or printed document prepared by the lawyers on each side of a dispute andsubmitted to the court in support of their arguments - a brief includes the points of law which the lawyer wished to establish, the arguments the lawyer uses, and the legal authorities on which the lawyer rests his/her conclusionsCcalendar: a schedule of matters to be heard in courtcalendar call: the calling of matters requiring parties, or their attorneys, to appear and be heard. There is usually one at the beginning of each court day. Other calendar calls take place throughout the day.caption: in a pleading, deposition or other paper connected with a case in court, it is the heading or introductory clause which shows the names of the parties, name of the court, number of the case on the docket or calendar, etc.cause of action: grounds on which a legal action may be brought (e.g., property damage, personal injury, goods sold and delivered, work labor and services)certified copy: a document which contains a seal that establishes the document as genuine, as a true copy, so that it may be used as evidence at a trial or a hearing. A document may be certified by an official record keeper, a clerk of the court, or any other authorized person, for example, an attorney.certified statement: a statement which has been sworn to before a Notary Public or Commissioner of Deeds as a true statementchange of venue: the removal of a suit begun in one county to another county for trial, though the term may also apply to the removal of a suit from one court to another court of the same countycharge to jury: an address delivered by the court to the jury at the close of the trial instructing the jury as to what principles of law they are to apply in reaching a decisionchattel: article of personal propertycivil contempt: a failure to comply with a court order. Civil contempt is committed when a person violates an order of the court which specifically requires that the person do or refrain from doing an act. Punishment for civil contempt may be a fine or imprisonment, and the goal of the punishment is to have the person comply with the original order of the court.Clerk’s Return On Appeal: a form filled out by the Civil Court Appeals Clerk certifying that the record on appeal is complete and ready to be transmitted to the Appellate Termcomplaint: a paper filed in court and delivered to the party(ies) being sued, stating the plaintiff's claims against the defendantcosts: the statutory sum awarded to the successful party when a judgment is entered (Section 1901 all Court Acts)counterclaim: a legal claim by the defendant against the plaintiffcourt record: a documentary account of what happened in the action or proceeding, which includes the court file, exhibits and transcriptscourt reporter: a person who transcribes by shorthand or stenographically takes down testimony during court proceedingsCPLR: the abbreviation for the Civil Practice Law and Rules, which is the New York state statute that sets forth the rules of civil procedure governing how a lawsuit is conducted in the courts of this statecross-appeal: an appeal by one who has received a notice of appeal from their opposing party crossclaim: claim litigated by co-defendants or co-plaintiffs against each other and not against a party on the opposite side of the litigationcross-examination: questioning by a party or his attorney of an adverse party or a witness called by an adverse partyDdecision: the determination reached by a court in any judicial proceeding, which is the basis of the judgmentdefault: a "default" occurs when a party fails to plead or otherwise defend within the time allowed, or fails to appear at a court appearancedefault judgment: a judgment against a defendant as a result of his/her failure to appear or submit papers at an appointed time during a legal proceedingdefendant: the one being sued. This party is called the "respondent" in a summary proceeding defenses, legal or equitable: a stated reason why the plaintiff has no valid case against the defendantdeliberation: the process by which a panel of jurors comes to a decision on a verdictde novo: from the beginning, a new trialdeposition: sworn testimony of a witness.direct examination: the first interrogation of a witness by the party on whose behalf the witness is calleddirected verdict: an instruction by the judge to the jury to return a specific verdict disbursements: out of pocket expenses awarded to the winner in a judgmentdiscovery: the efforts of a party to a lawsuit to get information about the other party's contentions before trial. The range of information which each party must exchange in discovery is broad, because all parties should go to trial with as much information and knowledge about the lawsuit as possible. During discovery a party may: (1) demand that the other party produce documents or other physical evidence, (2) request written interrogatories, which are questions and answers written under oath, and (3) take depositions, which involve an in-person session at which one party has the opportunity to ask oral questions of the other party or his or her witnesses.dismissal: termination of a proceeding for a procedurally prescribed reasondismissal with prejudice: action dismissed on the merits which prevents renewal of the same claim or cause of actiondismissal without prejudice: action dismissed, not on the merits, which may be re-instituted disposition: the result of a judicial proceeding by withdrawal, settlement, order, judgment or sentenceEentry of judgment: in order to start e nforcing a judgment, the judgment must be “entered.” Entry occurs after the clerk of the court signs and files the judgment.eviction proceeding: any proceeding which could result in the eviction of a respondent, such as a holdover or nonpayment proceedingevidence: a form of proof or probative matter legally presented at the trial of an issue by the actsof the parties and through witnesses, records, documents, concrete objects, etc., for the purpose of inducing belief in the minds of the court or the juryexamination before trial: a formal interrogation of parties and witnesses before trial execution: (1) the performance of all acts necessary to render a written instrument complete, such as signing, sealing, acknowledging, and delivering the instruments (2) supplementary proceedings to enforce a judgment, which, if monetary, involves a direction to the sheriff to take the necessary steps to collect the judgmentexhibit: a paper, document or other article produced and exhibited to a court during a trial or hearing and, on being accepted, is marked for identification or admitted in evidenceex parte: a proceeding, order, motion, application, request, submission etc., made by or granted for the benefit of one party only; done for, in behalf of, or on application of one party onlyFGgarnish/ garnishment: to attach (seize) a portion of the wages or other property of a debtor to repay the debt. The garnishing party notifies a third party, such as a bank or an employer, to retain something it has belonging to the defendant-debtor, to make disclosure to the court concerning it, and to dispose of it as the court shall direct.guardian ad litem: a person appointed by the court to represent a minor or an adult, not able to handle his or her own affairs, during a legal proceeding. The person appointed does not need to be a lawyer. The guardian ad litem is the guardian just for the purpose of the particular lawsuit. The person acting as the guardian ad litem has the responsibility to pursue the lawsuit and to account for any money recovery.HIincome execution: the legal process of enforcing a judgment. To enforce the judgment, the judgment creditor may seek an order from the court to have the appropriate authority seize property of the judgment debtor in order to satisfy the judgment. In the case of an income execution, or a "garnishment," the court might order a portion of the judgment debtor's wages or other property held in an amount to satisfy the judgment. This might be done over time in increments.index number: a number issued by the county clerk, which is used to identify a case - in civil court there is a charge of $45.00infant's compromise: a civil proceeding or motion for obtaining court approval of the settlement of an infant's claiminformation subpoena: a legal document that requires a person, a corporation, some other business, or the judgment debtor him or herself to answer certain questions about where the judgment debtor’s assets can be foundinquest: a non-jury trial for the purpose of determining the amount of damages due on a claim, if a party has not appeared or defended against the claim, and after the merits of the claim have been proveninterpreter: a person sworn at a judicial proceeding to translate oral or written language interrogatories: written questions propounded by one party and served on an adversary, who must provide written answers thereto under oathJjudgment: the final decision of the judge. It is a determination of the rights and obligations of the parties. In a given lawsuit, a judgment may direct a dismissal of the lawsuit, order payment of a money amount or a direct one or more of the parties to do an act.judicial hearing officer (JHO): a person who formerly served as a judge or justice of a court of record of the Unified Court Systemjurisdiction: the court's authority to hear and decide a case. It is based upon the geographical, subject matter and monetary limitations of a court. To hear and decide a case a court must have both "personal jurisdiction" and "subject matter" jurisdiction. Personal jurisdiction refers to the court's power over the parties involved in the lawsuit. Subject matter jurisdiction refers to the court's power over the type or category of the lawsuit.jury demand: a request for a trial by jury by either party. There are specific procedures for making a jury demand, which include filing a written demand with the clerk and paying a fee. The procedural rules place time restrictions on when a jury demand must be made.jury instructions: directions given by the judge to the juryKLlegal advice: involves applying or interpreting the law to your individual problems and recommending the best way for you to handle your case. Only an attorney, who is not a court employee, can provide legal advice. Court staff can’t offer legal advice to anyone. The court's role is to be neutral, without favor to any party. Court employees may only provide legal and procedural information. Legal and procedural information involves providing general information and does not include telling you how to best deal with your legal issues.lessee: a person who has signed a lease to rent real propertylevy: a seizure; the obtaining of money by legal process through seizure and sale of property liability:an obligation to do, to eventually do, or to refrain from doing something; money owed; or according to law one's responsibility for his/her conduct; or one's responsibility for causing an injurylien: a claim on specific property for payment of a debtlitigant: party to a legal actionMmarshal: an officer of the United States, whose duty it is to execute the process of the courts of the United States. His duties are very similar to those of a sheriff.marshal’s notice: a notice from a Marshal informing the recipient that they will be evicted after a certain time periodmediation: a free, voluntary and confidential service that helps people who have a dispute to reach their own settlement. Instead of asking a judge to make a decision in court, the people meet with a trained mediator who helps them make their own decision on how to settle the dispute. If a settlement is reached, it is then put in writing and signed. This written settlement then becomes a legal contract. If the people in the dispute are not able to reach an agreementthat is acceptable to everyone involved, they are then free to ask a judge to hear there case and make a decision in court.minor: a child under 18 years oldminutes: notes of what happened in the courtroommistrial: a trial which has been terminated and declared void prior to the reaching of verdict due to extraordinary circumstance, serious prejudicial misconduct or hung jury - it does not result in a judgment for any party but merely indicates a failure of trialmitigation: to make less severemotion: a request to the court, usually in writing, for relief before the trial on the parties' claims, or for different or additional relief after the trial decisionmotion to reargue or renew: an application which seeks to persuade a judge that the decision/order rendered is incorrect, because the judge has misapprehended the facts or the applicable law, or because new evidence has become available which would change the prior decision and there is a good reason why the evidence was not presented earliermoving party: the party who is making an application to the court for reliefNnonpayment proceeding: a court case started by the landlord to collect unpaid rent and to evict the tenant if the tenant cannot pay the rent that is owednotarize: to have a notary public attest to the authenticity of a signature on a document by signing the document and affixing his/her own stampnotary public: a person authorized by the State of New York to administer oaths, certify documents and attest to the authenticity of signaturesnotice of appeal: a notice to the opposing party that an appeal of the court proceedings will be taken. The notice must be served and filed within 30 days of service of the order or judgment appealed from with written notice of entry.notice of claim: a paper required to be sent to the city or a public authority when a person claims a city agency, official, or employee of a public authority caused the person damage. The notice of claim informs the city or public authority of the nature of the claim within a short time after it occurs. A notice of claim must be timely sent to the city or public authority prior to filing a lawsuit.notice of entry: a notice with an affidavit of service stating that the attached copy of an entered order or judgment has been served by a party on another partynotice of motion: a notice informing the court and your opposition when and where your motion will be heard, which lists the relief requested, the grounds for that relief, and provides a list of the supporting papers upon which the motion is basednotice of petition: a petitioner's written notice delivered to the respondents of when the court will hear the attached petitionnunc pro tunc: (now for then) presently considered as if occurring at an earlier date; effective retroactivelyOobjection: a formal protest made by a party over testimony or evidence that the other side tries to introduceorder: an oral or written command or a direction from a judgeorder to show cause: a written direction by the court, usually prepared and presented to the court by a party, that the court is shortening the required advance notice of a motion to the other parties. Sometimes the order to show cause contains a direction to the parties that they stop some specific activity until the court hears the motion.Pparty: person having a direct interest in a legal matter, transaction or proceedingperemptory challenge: the challenge which may be used to reject a certain number of prospective jurors without assigning any reasonperfect appeal: to take all legal steps necessary to complete the process of appealing an order or judgment. These steps may include ordering and securing a transcript, drawing up a record, writing, serving, and filing a brief, getting the case onto the appellate court’s calendar for argument, and finally, arguing and submitting the case.Personal Appearance Part: a Part in the Civil Court where cases are heard if one or both sides are self-represented litigants. The Judges presiding in this Part oversee all conferences, discovery and in some boroughs all motion practice and even the trial.petition: in special or summary proceedings, a paper like a complaint filed in court and delivered to the respondents, stating what the petitioner requests from the court and the respondents petitioner: in a special or summary proceeding, one who commences a formal written application, requesting some action or relief, addressed to a court for determination. Also known as a plaintiff in a civil action.plaintiff: the one suing. This party is called the "petitioner" in a summary proceeding pleadings: complaint or petition, answer, and replypoor person's relief: when a party to a lawsuit cannot afford the costs of a lawsuit, the Court may permit that party to proceed without being required to pay for court costspossession: the right to occupy a premisesproceeding: a type of lawsuit. In Housing Court a nonpayment proceeding seeks past-due rent; a holdover proceeding seeks possession of the premises.pro se: a party who does not retain a lawyer and appears for him/herself in courtproof of service: an affidavit filled out by the person who served legal papers on behalf of a party, or by a party if so permitted by the CourtQRrecord: a permanent written account of some act, court proceeding or transaction that is drawn up by a proper officer and designated to remain as permanent evidence of what has been done in a lawsuitreferee: a person to whom the court refers a pending case to take testimony, hear the parties, and report back to the court. A referee is an officer with judicial powers who serves as an arm of the court.relevant: logically connected and tending to prove or disprove a matter at issuereplevin: an action brought for the owner of items to recover possession of those items when those items were wrongfully taken or are being wrongfully keptreply: a plaintiff's response to a defendant's answer when the answer contains a counterclaim requisition: a request to obtain something, such as court records, subpoenaed documents or copies of trial tapesrespondent: one who formally answers the allegations stated in a petition which has been filed with the court. Also known as a defendant in a civil action.restore/ reinstate to calendar: to reinstate the action to active inventorySseizure: the process by which a person authorized under the law to do so takes into custody the property, real property or personal property, of a person against whom a judgment has been issued or might be issued. The seized property may be held to guarantee a judgment or be sold to satisfy a judgment.self-represented litigant: a party who does not retain a lawyer and appears for him/herself in court. Also known as a Pro Se litigant.service of process: the delivery of copies of legal documents to the defendant or other person to whom the documents are directed. Legal documents which must be served include a summons, complaint, petition, order to show cause, subpoena, notice to quit the premises and certain other documents. The procedure for service of process is specifically set out in statutes.settle the minutes: the process by which the transcript of the proceeding is finalizedsheriff: the executive officer of local court in some areas. In other jurisdictions the sheriff is the chief law enforcement officer of a county.standing: the right to make a legal claim, or to seek judicial enforcement of a duty or a right statement in lieu of record on appeal: a statement prepared by parties to an appeal indicating the question for appellate review, and providing a limited record necessary only to decide the questionstay: the postponement or halting of a proceeding, action, or the enforcement of an order or judgmentstipulation of settlement: a formal agreement between litigants and/or their attorneys resolving their disputesubpoena: a court document used to compel a witness to testify at the hearing or to produce recordssum certain: liquidated damages pursuant to contract, promissory note, law, etc.summary judgment: a determination in an action on the grounds that there is no genuine issue of factsummons: a plaintiff's written notice, in a specific form, delivered to the parties being sued, that they must answer the plaintiff's attached complaint within a specific timeTtestimony: an oral declaration made by a witness or party under oathtranscript: the written, word-for-word record of all legal proceedings, including testimony at trial, hearings or depositions. A copy of the transcript may be ordered from the court reporter and a fee must be paid for the transcript.trial: the formal examination of a legal controversy in court so as to determine the issuetrial de novo: a new trial (see: 22NYCRR 28.12)turnover proceeding: a hearing after a judgment has been issued, in which a creditor seeks to establish through evidence that the debtor (or a third party who is in possession of the debtor's property) is in possession of money or property that would satisfy, or partially satisfy, thejudgmentUunbundled legal services: a practice in which the lawyer and client agree that the lawyer will provide some, but not all, of the work involved in traditional full service representation. Simply put, the lawyers perform only the agreed upon tasks, rather than the whole “bundle,” and the clients perform the remaining tasks on their own.undertaking: deposit of a sum of money or filing of a bond in courtuse and occupancy: Payment by an occupant to the landlord for the right to use and occupy a premises. The occupant is not a tenant, or once may have been a tenant, but the landlord/tenant relationship has since been terminated.Vvacate: to cancel or invalidatevenue: the place within the court's jurisdiction where a lawsuit will be decided. For example, venue in a Civil Court action may be placed in Manhattan, Queens, Staten Island, Bronx or Brooklyn.verdict: the determination of a jury on the factsverification: confirmation of the correctness, truth or authenticity of pleading, account or other paper by an affidavit or oathvoir dire: a questioning of prospective jurors by the attorneys, and, on application of any party, by the judge, to see if any of them should be disqualified or removed by challenge or examinationWwaste: permanent harm to real propertywitness: one who testifies to what he/she has seen, heard, or otherwise observedX, Y, ZFrom:New York City Civil Court (纽约市民事法庭)。

常用法律英语词汇注解

常用法律英语词汇注解

常用法律英语词汇注解
1. Agreement:协议,合同,是指双方或者多方认可的一项书面契约,具有法律效力,通常涉及到经济、商务等领域。

2. Clause:条款,协议或者合同的构成部分,每个条款都有其独立
的约束力。

3. Covenant:盟约,契约,是指有权威参与者之间达成的关于遵守
该文件规定的书面契约。

4. Disclosure:披露,是指当事人告知关于双方权利义务的相关信息。

5. Indemnity:赔偿,该条款规定,当被起诉或者拒绝执行合同时,
一方担负赔偿的义务。

6. Liability:责任,是指其中一行为可能导致其中一实体承担法律
责任的原因。

7. Negotiations:谈判,协商,是指双方或者多方通过对话、讨论
与交涉,以达成一致意见与行动的过程。

8. Obligation:义务,是指一些行为是必须要执行的,一旦发生的
行为就会导致法律形式的义务。

9. Precedent:先例,指一类案件的案例判决,可以供未来例似案件
参考之用。

10. Warrant:授权,是指特定的一实体具有代表另一实体或者特定
事务的权利。

常见的一些法律英语词汇详细注解

常见的一些法律英语词汇详细注解
Binding
有约束力的“binding”通常的解释是连结一起,但法律上则多用作有约束力的,例如:Thisprovisional agreement isabinding contract。这份临时协议是有法律约束力的。
Body Corporationﻫ法人团体经法律程序而产生具有与自然人相同法律地位的组织,例如:根据公司条例注册成立的有限公司LimitedCompany,可以拥有资产,可以向外借贷,可以提出控诉,也可以被申索。法人团体没有自然的死亡因素,所以必须经法律程序才可以将它消除。ﻫBurdenofProof举证责任无论是刑事或民事案件,提出控诉的一方,都负有举证的责任,即是向法庭提出证据,支持控诉和申索的事由。虽然在一般的情况下,向法庭举证是主控和原告的责任,但如果被告在刑事案中被法庭判罪之后,再被受害人以民事追讨赔偿,则在有关的民事诉讼中,如果被告否认他对受害人的损失需要负上赔偿的责任,被告便有责任向法庭举证,支持他的抗辩。
核证副本指经律师或其它合资格人士核证的文件副本,核证副本都有核证人的签署和核证日期,以确认该副本进行了核证,除特别声明必须用文件正本的情况外,核证副本一般都视为有效的文件。
Chamberﻫ办公室诉讼律师和法官的办公室,称为“Chamber”。诉讼程序中有部份的聆讯是在法官的办公室中进行的,称为内庭聆讯”hearingin chambers”,内庭聆讯只准许当事人及其法律代表出席。
Charge
收费,控罪,抵押,押记Charge可以是名词,也可以是动词,它包含了多个不同的解释:ﻫ1. 是提供服务的收费,例:Legal Charge律师收费;
2.是刑事控罪,例:Thiscase hasmorethan onecharge这案
件包含多于一项的控罪;

法律类术语

法律类术语

常用法律英语词汇注解从开始形容事件由开始时的状态,例如合约从开始便已经无效,称为“ ”。

被告通常指刑事案件的被告,民事诉讼的被告称为;而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为(答辩人)。

罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后,被告罪名不成立被释放,称为“ ”。

是名词。

休庭,押后法庭在聆讯途中暂时休庭分钟,称为“ ”。

如要将聆讯押后再排期重审,称为“ ”。

誓章以宗教仪式发誓后签署的书面证供称为,而以真诚发誓所签署的证供称为,两者的格式用词有些分别,但主要作用相同。

声称诉讼陈词中未经证实的声言,例如:’ ,原告声称他的损失是被告违约所引致。

是名词。

殴打,侵犯以武力侵犯他人的行为,称为,一般性质的殴打,称为“ ”;严重者称为;未经许可触摸他人身体,可以被控非礼,称为。

现状“ ”常用于物业买卖的合约中,指物业的现状。

“ “ ” …”即物业将会以其现状出售。

保释刑事案中的疑犯或被告,可以暂时被释放。

保释可以是有条件的,也可以是无条件的。

保释的条件包括缴交指定金额的保释金、提供人事担保与定时向警署报到等。

可能性较高者这是民事案件中举证的标准,法庭对原告和被告所提出的证据,认为那一方的可信性较高,便会判处该方胜诉。

相对刑事案而言,民事案中败诉的后果一般都只是经济利益,所以法庭对举证的要求,相对也较刑事案为低。

无合理疑点这是刑事案件中举证的标准,控方向法庭提出的证据,必须是在合理的情况下并无疑点,法庭才会判处被告有罪。

刑事罪的后果对被告而言,较为严重,举证标准的要求也因此而较民事案严格,如果法庭认为证据有任何疑点,都会将疑点的利益“ ”归于被告。

有约束力的“”通常的解释是连结一起,但法律上则多用作有约束力的,例如:。

这份临时协议是有法律约束力的。

法人团体经法律程序而产生具有与自然人相同法律地位的组织,例如:根据公司条例注册成立的有限公司,可以拥有资产,可以向外借贷,可以提出控诉,也可以被申索。

法人团体没有自然的死亡因素,所以必须经法律程序才可以将它消除。

法律英语翻译常用词汇注释

法律英语翻译常用词汇注释

AAb initioAb initio是拉丁⽂,其意思是“⾃开始之时”或“从头开始”,可以直接翻译为“⾃始”。

在法律英语中,ab initio的使⽤频率较⾼,⽐较常见。

如:ab initio mundi(有史以来),void ad initio(⾃始⽆效)等。

Accordaccord在普通英语中的含义是符合,⼀致,在法律英语中则表⽰和解或和解协议,指指债务⼈和⼀个债权⼈达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。

如reach an accord达成和解协议,accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。

Accused被告 Accused通常指刑事案件的被告,民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant;⽽申索案件中的被索偿的⼀⽅称为Respondent(答辩⼈)。

Acquireacquire在普通英语中的含义是获得,获取,⽽且通常指通过后天的努⼒获得。

在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买,收购,我们通常所说的M&A,即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。

如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者⼀年内并购中国境内关联⾏业的企业超过10个。

Acquittal罪名不成⽴。

刑事案件经审讯后,被告罪名不成⽴被释放,称为“The accused is acquitted”。

Acquittal是名词。

详见民法中和刑法中表达不同意思的“acquit”⼀⽂。

Actact在普通英语中的含义是⾏动,⾏为,在法律英语中通常理解为作为,与不作为forbear相对应。

如:Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。

法律英语常用词汇注解(doc 40页)

法律英语常用词汇注解(doc 40页)

法律英语常用词汇注解(doc 40页)常用法律英语词汇注解Ab initio从开始形容事件由开始时的状态,例如合约从开始便已经无效,称为“The contract was void ab initio”。

Accused被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告,民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant;而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent(答辩人)。

Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后,被告罪名不成立被释放,称为“The accused is acquitted”。

Acquittal是名词。

AdjournAs is现状“As is”常用于物业买卖的合约中,指物业的现状。

“The property is and will be sold on an “as is”basis …”即物业将会以其现状出售。

Bail保释刑事案中的疑犯或被告,可以暂时被释放。

保释可以是有条件的,也可以是无条件的。

保释的条件包括缴交指定金额的保释金、提供人事担保及定时向警署报到等。

Balance of Probabilities可能性较高者这是民事案件中举证的标准,法庭对原告和被告所提出的证据,认为那一方的可信性较高,便会判处该方胜诉。

相对刑事案而言,民事案中败诉的后果一般都只是经济利益,所以法庭对举证的要求,相对也较刑事案为低。

Beyond reasonable doubt无合理疑点这是刑事案件中举证的标准,控方向法庭提出的证据,必须是在合理的情况下并无疑点,法庭才会判处被告有罪。

刑事罪的后果对被告而言,较为严重,举证标准的要求也因此而较民事案严格,如果法庭认为证据有任何疑点,都会将疑点的利益“benefit of doubt”归于被告。

Binding有约束力的“binding”通常的解释是连结一起,但法律上则多用作有约束力的,例如:This provisional agreement is a binding contract。

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专心翻译 做到极致常用法律英语词汇注解Ab initio从开始 形容事件由开始时的状态,例如合约从开始便已经无效,称为“The contract was void ab initio”。

Accused被告 Accused 通常指刑事案件的被告,民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant ;而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent (答辩人)。

Acquittal罪名不成立 刑事案件经审讯后,被告罪名不成立被释放,称为“The accused is acquitted”。

Acquittal 是名词。

Adjourn休庭,押后 法庭在聆讯途中暂时休庭30分钟,称为“adjourned for 30minutes”。

如要将聆讯押后再排期重审,称为“adjourned to a date to be fixed”。

Affidavit誓章 以宗教仪式发誓后签署的书面证供称为Affidavit ,而以真诚发誓所签署的证供称为Affirmation ,两者的格式用词有些分别,但主要作用相同。

Allegation声称 诉讼陈词中未经证实的声言,例如:The Plaintiff alleged that his loss was due to the Defendant’s breach of contract,原告声称他的损失是被告违约所引致。

Allegation 是名词。

Assault殴打,侵犯 以武力侵犯他人的行为,称为Assault ,一般性质的殴打,称为“Common Assault”;严重者称为Aggravated Assault ;未经许可触摸他人身体,可以被控非礼,称为Indecent Assault 。

As is专心翻译 做到极致现状 “As is”常用于物业买卖的合约中,指物业的现状。

“The property is and will be sold on an “as is” basis …”即物业将会以其现状出售。

Bail保释 刑事案中的疑犯或被告,可以暂时被释放。

保释可以是有条件的,也可以是无条件的。

保释的条件包括缴交指定金额的保释金、提供人事担保及定时向警署报到等。

Balance of Probabilities可能性较高者 这是民事案件中举证的标准,法庭对原告和被告所提出的证据,认为那一方的可信性较高,便会判处该方胜诉。

相对刑事案而言,民事案中败诉的后果一般都只是经济利益,所以法庭对举证的要求,相对也较刑事案为低。

Beyond reasonable doubt 无合理疑点 这是刑事案件中举证的标准,控方向法庭提出的证据,必须是在合理的情况下并无疑点,法庭才会判处被告有罪。

刑事罪的后果对被告而言,较为严重,举证标准的要求也因此而较民事案严格,如果法庭认为证据有任何疑点,都会将疑点的利益“benefit of doubt”归于被告。

Binding有约束力的 “binding”通常的解释是连结一起,但法律上则多用作有约束力的,例如:This provisional agreement is a binding contract 。

这份临时协议是有法律约束力的。

Body Corporation法人团体 经法律程序而产生具有与自然人相同法律地位的组织,例如:根据公司条例注册成立的有限公司Limited Company ,可以拥有资产,可以向外借贷,可以提出控诉,也可以被申索。

法人团体没有自然的死亡因素,所以必须经法律程序才可以将它消除。

Burden of Proof 举证责任 无论是刑事或民事案件,提出控诉的一方,都负有举证的责任,即是向法庭提出证据,支持控诉和申索的事由。

虽然在一般的情况下,向法庭举证是主控和原告的责任,但如果被告在刑事案中被法庭判罪之后,再被受害人以民事追讨赔偿,则在有关的民事诉讼中,如果被告否认他对受害人的损失需要负上赔偿的责任,被告便有责任向法庭举证,支持他的抗辩。

Cause of Action 诉讼理由 提出诉讼,必须要有合理的事实根据,缺乏合理的诉讼理由,对方不但可以向法庭请求剔除有关的诉讼,同时可以要求赔偿浪费了的律师费及其它费用。

Caution专心翻译 做到极致警诫词 执法人员(警察及海关人员等)在拘捕疑犯时,提醒疑犯保持缄默的权利的警告说话。

执法人员在没有给予疑犯警诫词的情况下所录取的供词,可能不会被法庭接纳为有效的证供。

Certified Copy核证副本 指经律师或其它合资格人士核证的文件副本,核证副本都有核证人的签署和核证日期,以确认该副本进行了核证,除特别声明必须用文件正本的情况外,核证副本一般都视为有效的文件。

Chamber办公室 诉讼律师和法官的办公室,称为“Chamber”。

诉讼程序中有部份的聆讯是在法官的办公室中进行的,称为内庭聆讯”hearing in chambers”,内庭聆讯只准许当事人及其法律代表出席。

Charge收费,控罪,抵押,押记 Charge 可以是名词,也可以是动词,它包含了多个不同的解释:1. 是提供服务的收费,例:Legal Charge 律师收费;2. 是刑事控罪,例:This case has more than one charge 这案件包含多于一项的控罪;3. 是借贷的抵押,例:The company charged its property forthe loan 这间公司以其物业作为借款的抵押;4. 是对法定债务人的物业的押记,用以偿还有关的法定债务。

Claim申索 民事诉讼的传票中,原告须要将其向被告申索的事由详细列明,称为Statement of Claim 或Particulars of Claim 。

Concurrent Sentence专心翻译 做到极致合并判决 刑事案中的被告犯了两项或以上的罪名同时成立,但各项罪名的判刑同时执行,例如第一项罪的判刑是一年监禁,而第二项罪的判刑是监禁两年,两项罪合并判决,被告只需要被服刑两年。

Consecutive Sentence连续判决 刑事案中的被告所犯的不同罪行,是以连续判决执行,则被告需要分别服刑,例如一项罪被判了两年,另一项罪则被判了三年,被告便需要连续服刑五年,才会被释放。

Consideration约因 合约是订约方自愿建立的法律关系,是一方以有价值的代价或者承诺以换取对方的承诺或代价,这些合约中的承诺或代价称为约因,缺乏有效的约因,合约便不能成立。

Contempt of Court藐视法庭 是一种严重的罪行,可以被判罚款或监禁。

藐视法庭包括不遵守法庭命令、违反对法庭作出的承诺,妨碍司法公正等行为。

Contributory Negligence分担疏忽 意外中的伤者对意外的造成及他自己的受伤程度,需要分担部份疏忽的责任,他所获得的赔偿额也会相对地减少。

Copyright版权 是作者对他所创作的作品的发表、翻印、复制等专有权利,版权在作品完成后便自动产生及受法律保护,毋须经过任何注册程序,但必须为原创作品才拥有版权。

Counterclaim反申索 在民事诉讼中,被告对原告作出申索,而该申索的事实和理据与原告的申索是有关连的,反申索是一项独立的申索,所以原告必须对反申索作出适当的响应,例如进行抗辩等。

Custody保管,监护,拘留 一般而言,Custody 这个名词是指对对象的保管或拥有,但在家事法中,Custody of Children 是指对未成年子女的监护权;而在刑事案件中,则指对被告的拘留。

专心翻译 做到极致Decree法庭判令 法庭聆讯后所作出的判令,可以分成暂时性判令“decree nisi” 和永久性判令 “decree absolute”,常见于离婚呈请的程序。

一般而言,法庭颁出decree nisi 后,在指定的期限过后,除非收到反对,否则都会颁出永久判令。

Deed契约 是一种特别的合约,须要经过当事人签署、盖章并送交对方才算有效,契约上的盖章在法律上被视为一种有效的约因。

Defamation诽谤 非法破坏他人名誉的行为,口头的毁谤和以书面的永久形式诽谤都可以构成民事索偿的理据或者刑事罪行。

Defence抗辩 刑事或民事案件中的被告,否认有关的指控或申索,同时提出反对的支持事实。

Dependant受养人 是指某人的某些家庭成员,需要依靠这个人提供的经济来支持生活,如果这个人因意外死亡,他的受养人因而遭受损失,是有权追究责任,要求赔偿有关的损失。

Disclaimer弃权,否认 是指某人愿意放弃法律上的某项权益,如果这项权益是以书面确认,则这份文件称为Disclaimer 。

此外,也可以是指对某个声称或指控作出否认的行为。

Discovery of documents披露文件 在民事诉讼的程序中,原告和被告都需要向法庭及对方披露其所持有关于该案件的所有文件,基于公平、公开和公正的法律原则,是“所有与案有关的文件”都需要披露,而不是只披露对自己有利的文件。

Distraint封租 租客拖欠租金,业主可以根据租约条文向法庭请求封租令,将租客留在物业中的物品充公拍卖,偿还所拖欠的租金和封租的费用。

Domicile专心翻译 做到极致居藉 是一个人定居的地方,[居藉]与[居所]不同,每一个人只可以有一个居藉,但却可以多于一个居所,居藉可以是以出生地为居藉,也可以自行选择移居的居藉,也可以是法律界定的居藉,一个人的法律地位受其居藉影响。

Estoppel不可反言 是“Stop”的意思,法律上不容许否认经已作出的行为,或者不容许引申某项违反公平原则的争辩。

Ex Parte单方 在公平的原则下,诉讼的程序一般都是以双方“Inter Parte”形式进行,即是与讼双方同时有机会向法庭作出申辩。

但在某些特殊的情况下,例如对申请人有人身或财物安全的迫胁,或者不让对方有机会毁灭证据等,是可以容许以单方形式进行。

例如以单方传票向法庭申请禁制令,禁止对方将子女擅自携离香港。

False Imprisonment非法禁锢 非法禁锢是一种刑事罪行,也是一种侵权行为,不单是指将受害人拘禁的行为,同时是指无合法理由而禁止他人自由离开的行为。

触犯非法禁锢罪行,可以被警方控诉,也可以被受害人追讨赔偿损失。

Fiduciary Duty诚信责任 公司董事和受托人等,因为其身处位置,对委托人或有关的受益人都负有诚信的责任,基本上,诚信责任就是不能以位或权而谋私,凡事均以委托人的利益为前题。

Forthwith立即 法律书信经常用的副词,是立即的意思,例:The outstanding sum should be settled forthwith. 应该立即清还所欠的款项。

其实,所谓立即,可以理解为最短的合理时间。

Frivolous琐屑无聊 民事诉讼中原告的申索理由,或者被告的抗辩理据,如果是Frivolous 琐屑无聊,对方可以根据高等法院规则向法庭申请,将该申索或抗辩剔除,并索取诉讼费。

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