自考00096外刊经贸知识选读-翻译题
自学考试_全国2016年10月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题(00096)
D.adjusted
浙00096# 外刊经贸知识选读试题 第1页 (共6页 )
5.Atradewaramongthedevelopedcountrieswilltakesevereharmtotheworld’sfragile
economy.
A.strong
B.weak
C.overall
D.oversea
C.outdated
D.qualified
2.Thethreatenedtaxes willslow thegrowthinoildemandandcompromisethecapacity
expansionplans.
A.accelerate
B.harm
C.promise
D.propose
3.Chinaislosingitscompetitiveedgeinlow wagelaborforce.
6.The governmentshouldrestructurethe moribund stateindustryinthe northeastof
China.
A.new
B.stagnant
C.poor
D.monopolistic
7.Discoveryofpenicillinisprobablythemostimportantmedicalbreakthroughlastcentury.
14.Thecountry’sinternationalreservesaremanagedbytheBankofChinawhichspecializes
inforeignexchangebusiness.
A.servesfriendly
B.actsprofessionally
外刊经贸知识选读 翻译题
外刊经贸知识选读翻译题一、翻译题:1 p30In fact, shantou among the SEZs, and some of the 14 coastal cities plus Hainan are not even equipped with administrative support or infrastructure to cope with the responsibilities which the central government has placed on them. 事实上，经济特区中的汕头，14个沿海城市中的一些城市，再加上海南岛，甚至不具备履行中央政府授予的职责所需的行政支持或基础设施。
2、p31 But while the reasons for throwing 19 areas and cities open to foreign investment and technology transfer are clear, how the preferential systems will operate in not. 尽管为外资和技术转让而开放19个区域和城市的原因是显而易见的，但是优惠体制将怎样操作却无从知道。
3、P 63Clearly, China’s economy is a work in progress, nowhere near realizing the potential of itsbillion-plus population.显而易见，中国的经济正处于进展中，距离发挥其10多亿人口的潜力还很遥远。
4、p134 An insistence that Europe and Japan create a “le vel playing field” for trade by agreeingto give U.S. exports the same access to their markets as foreign companies receive in the UnitedStates.坚持要求欧洲和日本实行“公平贸易”，即美国出口企业应能以外国企业进入美国市场的同等条件进入欧日市场。
2020年10月自考00096外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案
34. Gross Domestic Product 35. barter 四、将下列英语单词或词组译成中文:本大题共 10 小题,每小题 1 分,共 10 分。 36. 独家经销合同 37. 双重税 38. 证券及房地产市场 39. 反通货膨胀政策 40. 招标 41. 财政一揽子计划( 方案) 42. 最惠国待遇 43. 人均收入 44. 期货 45. 贸易逆差
27. market share
28. technology transfer
29. discount rate
30. convertible currency 31. countervailing duty 32. joint venture
33. foreign鄄exchange reserves
绝密绎启用前
2020 年 10 月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试
《外刊经贸知识选读》00096试卷及答案解释(2018-2010年)
C. improvingD. worsening
5. Balanced against that criticism is the positive reaction inLatin Americato Mr. Clinton’sembraceof the free-trade agreement. ( )
A. speeding upB. speeding on
C. speeding offD. speeding down
2. Another 20% worked well, but the remaining 60% should have beenscrapped. ( )
A. scratchedB. renovated
26.双边条约27.试销市场
28.原材料29.收盘价
30.最惠国待遇31.技术转让
32.高工资经济
33.人均收入
34.经济特区
35.自由贸易区
四、简答题（本大题共6小题，共18分）
Passage 1
The US dollar value of Chinese exports increased at an average rate of almost 18 per centper annumbetween 1978 and 1983, while imports increased byapproximately11 per cent per annum. As a result, the visible trade surplus rose sharply from US $1.4 billion in 1981 to US $4.4 billion in 1982 and US$3.7 billion in 1983. Exports grew much faster than imports during this period not only because of the strong emphasis placed on exporting byChina’s economic planners, but also because a number of industrial projects were postponed in 1979. Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernising the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain on the national economy. Grain imports have fallen sharply over the past few years—Chinabecamea net grain exporterin 1984—and in 1983 the country started to export soyabeans and cotton.
全国自考外刊经贸知识选读试题
全国自考外刊经贸知识选读考前密卷00096(含答案)一、单项选择题〔本大题共15小题，每题2分，共30分〕在每题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在答题纸相应的位置上。
错选、多项选择或未选均无分。
第1题 .【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第2题 .【正确答案】 A此题分数2分第3题 .【正确答案】 B此题分数2分【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第5题 .【正确答案】 B此题分数2分第6题 .【正确答案】 A 此题分数2分【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第8题 .【正确答案】 B此题分数2分第9题 .【正确答案】 D 此题分数2分【正确答案】 B此题分数2分第11题 .【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第12题 .【正确答案】 D 此题分数2分【正确答案】 A此题分数2分第14题 .【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第15题 .【正确答案】 D二、将以下英语单词或词组译成中文〔本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分〕第1题 trade sanctions第2题 intellectual property right【正确答案】知识产权第3题 conglomerate【正确答案】跨行业公司第4题 exclusive contract【正确答案】独家经销合约第5题 trade reprisal【正确答案】贸易报复第6题 sovereignty dispute【正确答案】主权争端第7题 allocation of resources【正确答案】资源配置第8题 auction【正确答案】拍卖第9题 tough policy【正确答案】强硬的政策第10题 surplus labour【正确答案】剩余劳动力三、将以下汉语词组译成英文〔本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分〕第1题现货市场【正确答案】 spot market第2题反垄断【正确答案】 anti—trust第3题合资企业【正确答案】 joint venture第4题试销【正确答案】 test marketing第5题反补贴税【正确答案】 countervailing duty第6题国民生产总值【正确答案】 Gross National Product(GNP)第7题高增长率【正确答案】 high rates of growth第8题通货紧缩【正确答案】 deflation第9题中央银行【正确答案】 central bank第10题试销市场【正确答案】 test market四、简答题〔本大题共2小题，每题9分，共18分〕The Chinese, who constitute 95 per cent of Hong Kong’s population, prefer b rown eggs over white. In fact, 90 per cent or more of the fresh eggs c onsumed are brown. The major outlets for white eggs are hotels, Westernstyle restaurants and fast food shops.Chinese consumers prefer the deeper color of brown egg yolks—often consideredessential to the color of many Chinese dishes. Chinesestyle restaurants also f ind that brown eggs are more popular with customers.Chinese eggs have a unique odor that can be an advantage or a disadvantage , depending on the consumer.To the Chinese consumer, the odor is indicative of a “good egg〞 and isan important reason, in addition to a price advantage, for the popularity of Chinese eggs. The odor, however, is a major reason why Chinese eggs are not accepted by hotels, Westernstyle restaurants and fast food outlets.第1题How many per cent do the Chinese constitute of Hong Kong’s popula tion【正确答案】 Chinese constitute 95 per cent of Hong Kong’s population.第2题 What kinds of eggs are more popular with customers【正确答案】 Fresh eggs with brown color.第3题What is a major reason why Chinese eggs are not accepted by hote ls【正确答案】The odor is a major reason why Chinese eggs are not accepted by hotels.Some of the Clinton administration’s tough talk appears tactical, intended topressure trading partners into offering concessions and to unblock stalled negot iations on several fronts. But it appears that officials are prepared to tur n up the temperature on trade—and live with the consequences. In some ways, Mr. Clinton and his advisers are following the same welltrod path as the Bush administration, which threatened sanctions against the Community last year and walked away from GATT negotiations rather than sign an agreement thatwould provide only small gains for US companies. The same political pressur es from trade hawks in Congress that the Bush officials felt are now beari ng down on the Clinton team.第1题Why does the Clinton administration put pressure on its trading part ners【正确答案】The Clinton administration has made up its mind to force its trading part ners to offer concessions so that it can resume negotiations with them on several fronts.第2题What are the consequences that the American officials are prepared t o see【正确答案】They are prepared to see US trade relations with its trading partners goi ng from bad to worse.第3题Please paraphrase “Mr. Clinton and his advisers are following the s ame welltrod path as the Bush administration.〞【正确答案】Mr. Clinton and his advisers are adopting the same tough trade policies as the Bush administration.五、正误推断题〔本大题共10个题，每题2分，共20分〕如果正确，请写“T〞；如果错误，请写“F〞。
7月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案解析
全国2018年7月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. The pattern of China’s foreign trade has changed greatly since the founding of the People’s Republic. ( )A. substantiallyB. initiallyC. secondlyD. commercially2. I declared at the meeting that I did not support him. ( )A. attractedB. prolongedC. transformedD. announced3. China’s special economic zones will still be “special”after the country’s entry to the WTO.( )A. companiesB. areasC. producesD. funds4. Now the world has witnessed China’s emergence and its impact on both the US and the Asia-Pacific region. ( )A. emergencyB. existenceC. appearanceD. distance5. In 1991, the economies of low-income and middle-income countries virtually stagnated.( ) A. reversed B. stoppedC. registeredD. consolidated6. An economic confrontation will be destroying in its own way depending on how long it is carried on. ( )A. conflictB. combinationC. consequenceD. connection7. Europe has just traversed one of its roughest economic storms in years.( )A. transmittedB. passedC. transportedD. soured8. Regional and bilateral trade agreements form an integral part of the US approach to international trade policy. ( )A. standB. issueC. wayD. thrust9. There is a trend in an attempt to compete against Microsoft’s dominance in desktop applications. ( )A. rivalB. reachC. outstripD. forge10. The UAE remains wary about Iraq’s threat to Kuwait and, therefore, to the Gulf.( ) A. massive B. parallelC. reasonableD. watchful11. A business tax cut is needed to spur industrial investment. ( )A. stimulateB. squanderC. surpriseD. sustain12. Dealers continue to secure parts sales from aftermarket (配件市场) channels.( ) A. exert B. flourishC. acquireD. subsidize13. This measure aims to support commercial promotion in order to increase enterprise competitiveness in thefield. ( )A. placeB. pushC. pressureD. pull14. It could make sense to subsidize the preschool activities of children of poor families since these children maywell receive inadequate care without such subsidies. ( )A. supportB. provideC. supplyD. furnish15. The UN Terrorism Prevention Branch describes various types of conventional terrorist weapons. ( )A. transitionalB. tropicalC. translationalD. traditional二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16. compensation agreement17. test market18. currency movement19. security20. good resistance21. tough policy22. impose import23. Special Drawing Right24. GNP (gross national product)25. per capita income三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26. 最惠国待遇27. 贸易顺差28. 硬通货29. 银行兼并30. 易于变卖的资产31. 闭关自守的国家32. 贸易谈判33. 据粗略估计34. 中国出口商品交易会35. 外汇储备四、简答题（本大题共6小题，共18分）Passage 1If there is a road to China’s future, Highway 204 out of Shanghai is it. Along its two dusty lanes, local trucks and buses jockey with Cadillacs driven by financiers from Taiwan and Hong Kong investors. Migrant workers crowd the narrow shoulders. Factories line the highway, producing sneakers, toys, plastics, clothes, aircraft components and medical equipment. Eventually industry gives way to ricefields, which is being dug up to build still more factories. Cranes turn overhead as dump trucks and cement mixers nose onto the road. Outside the town of Jiading, one tractor-trailer leaves Asia’s largest container plant every three minutes, carrying goods bound for the Shanghai docks.36. What does “it” in the first sentence refer to? What does the sentence “the local trucks and buses jockey withCadillacs” imply?37. What do “eventually” and “give way to” mean respectively in the passage?38. Where is the biggest container plant in Asia situated? Where are the tractor-trailors going?Passage 2Gold: lower. after coming in for early support on news of strike action affecting mines belonging to gold fields of South Africa, values declined in line with platinum and New York advices as miners were encouraged to return to work by management promises of negotiation. The fall in oil prices also brought pressure to bear but good resistance at around the 400 dollars per ounce level permitted a brief rally. However, values suffered a late decline to below 400 dollars per ounce in line with New York as the dollar strengthened on news of a decline in the U.S. budget trade and a cut in the bank of Japan’s discount rate.39. W hat were “New York advices”?40. What happened to the gold price when the dollar strengthened?41. What brought about the strength of the dollar according to the passage?五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）Passage 1Every market activity is an investment in time, energy and money. Few companies would spend a large sum of money on, say, a purchase of capital equipment without a full investigation into why it is needed, the choices available, and the expected return. Yet every year the vast majority of companies invest a large amount of money in marketing actions without knowing what their financial worth to the company or likely return will be. By introducing the disciplines arising from market planning, a company should be able to ensure that the costs of marketing planning show a reasonable return and are calculated in the same way as all other business investments.Many managers believe that the costs of marketing form an additional expense. Whilst it is true that many companies use certain tools of marketing for this purpose, it is also true that the most successful companies accept marketing as an essential part of the company’s total commercial operation, for it is an essential cost in the same way as production or finance.Companies often avoid planning marketing procedures in detail because of the effort needed to express their forward policy in a written form. In fact, the manager who spends his time on dealing with current administrative detail is almost certain to have ignored proper planning in the past. For, if properly prepared, the marketing plan will contain sufficient details of the company’s policy and operational strategy for the work to be done by an assistant.For a marketing-oriented activity to produce lasting results, the entire operation has to be systematically planned. By producing basic information in written form and establishing aims for the future, the company is creating standards against which actual performance can be measured. Documentation of detailed policy actions then provides the basis for controlling the company’s operation. Future trends may be predicted through the investigation of all factors likely to influence company results.42. The purpose of this article is to discuss every market activity. ( )43. It is reasonable for companies to expect return for their expense in marketing.( ) 44. The most successful companies believe that marketing forms an additional expense.( )45. In order to make a good marketing plan, it is necessary to focus on current administrative detail. ( )46. As marketing creates standards to measure actual performance, it will produce lasting results.( )Passage 2Apart from the various subsidies governments offer to their exporters, governments also refund to their exporters the product tax, the import tariff of the components of the exported finished products. This is justifiable as they are finally to be borne by the customers in the importing nations and so the funding is not taken as a kind of subsidy. Now the average product tax refunding rate of the exported products in China is about lower than 10%.Developing nations can also adjust down the exchange rate of their currencies with foreign currencies to encourage export. This is sometimes very effective because it means to reduce prices of their goods in foreign markets. But this will also mean great loss in paying off the foreign loans and shatter the standing of their currencies in international financial markets.Nations also negotiate among themselves to ease the trade among them. They might reach various trade agreements. The present trend is regional economic integration, of which the first stage is free trade area, within which the international flow of goods is free of tariff imposition. North American Free Trade Area is such an instance. The second stage is tariff union, within which the countries not only adopt free trade policy but also united tariff system. Caribbean Community is such an example. The third stage is common market, which is more integrated in that it also allows free flow of labor and capital within this area. Finally, there is economic union, which requires its member countries to adopt uniform economic systems, such as those in finance and social welfare. They will also use the same currency.47. Product tax is a kind of government subsidy.( )48. The customers who buy the imported goods from China pay 10% less of the tariff.( ) 49. By lowering the exchange rate of its currency, the country can market its goods at a lower price in the importing country. ( )50. Adjusting down the exchange rate will sometimes make the currency less strong.( ) 51. All the forms of economic integration across the border aim at keeping trade balances.( ) 六、翻译题（本大题12分）Clearly, China’s economy is a work in progress, nowhere near realizing the potential of its billion-plus population. Its gross domestic product last year was, according to the official measure, $420 billion —no more than that of southern California. China remains primarily a nation of farmers, and the transition to an industrial free market is much like the traffic on Highway 204—unpredictable. Few state-owned firms have been sold, and most are laggard behemoths. Growth is driven by new joint ventures, collectives and private businesses, which now account for more than 50 per cent of China’s industrial production.。
00096自考外刊经贸知识选读英汉词组互译
00096自考外刊经贸知识选读英汉词组互译自考外刊经贸知识选读英汉词组互译1barrier-free market自由/无壁垒市场2test market试销市场3budget deficit预算赤字4capital-intensive investment资金密集型投资5top-of-the-line technology行业内领先技术6visible trade account有型贸易项目7punitive import tariff惩罚性进口关税8intellectual property right知识产权9most favored nation status最惠国待遇10depression销条11trade surplus贸易顺差12deflation通货紧缩13barter trade易货贸易14futures market期货市场15current account经常项目16invisible trade无形贸易17compensation trade补偿贸易18devaluation贬值19per capita income人均收入20infrastructure基础设施21market share市场分额22special economic zone经济特区23exclusive agency agreement独家代理协议24finished goods/manufactured goods制成品25agriculture and industrial production工农业生产26trade balance贸易差额27merger兼并28market force市场力量29monetary policy货币政策30world trade organization世界贸易组织31personal/individual income tax个人所得税32commodity/goods market商品市场33service trade服务贸易34primary goods初级产品35international monetary fund国际货币基金组织36per capita GDP(gross domestic product)人均国内生产总值37convertible currency可兑换货币38customs duties and taxation海关关税39good infrastructure 良好的基础设施40deinflationary policy反通货膨胀政策41trade sanction贸易制裁42at the summit meeting峰会43on a conservative estimate据保守估计44price hike价格上涨45self-sufficient自给自足46liquid assets流动资产47trade fairs and exhibitions贸易展销会48preferential tax rate优惠关税49vested interests既得利益50export quota出口配额51government procurement政府采购52European integration欧洲一体化53bilateral pacts双边条约54countervailing duty反补贴税5524.fledgling industries新兴工业56stock market股票市场57capital transfer资本转移58trade discrimination贸易歧视59bilateral trade双边贸易60European continent欧洲大陆61carbon tax双重税62state-owned enterprises国有企业63competitive advantage竞争优势64balance of payments国际收支65high-tech高技术66portfolio investment证券投资67free market自由市场68trade barriers贸易壁垒69glut of supply供应过剩70equivalent value对等价值71economic recession经济衰退72unfair trade不平等交易73exclusive contract独家经销合同74per capita income人均收入75long-term strategy长期战略76GATT关税及贸易总协定77financial crisis金融危机78trade representative商务代表79physical market现货市场80financial deregulation撤销金融管制规定81sovereignty dispute主权争端82hard currency硬通货83merger of banks银行兼并84a hermit naiton闭关自守的国家85trade negotiation贸易谈判86at a rough estimate据粗略估计87Chinese export commodities fair中国出口商品交易会88foreign exchange reserve外汇储备89debt sevice/interest payment利息付款90sole foreign funded外商独资91technology transfer技术转让92domestic demand国内需求93export oriented出口导向94trade balance贸易差额95certificate of origin产地证书96customs duties进口税97clearing agreement清算协议98real estate房地产99business cycle商业周期100fiscal packages财政一揽子计划101debt service利息付款102 good resistance强阻力103cash crops经济作物104GNP国民生产总值105deinflationary policy反通胀政策106short supply供应短缺107the World Bank世界银行108capital goods资本货物109productive force生产力110foreign exchange earnings外汇收入111profit-remittance 利润汇款112national income国民收入113closing level收盘价。
自学考试_全国2016年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题(00096)
绝密 考试结束前全国2016年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码:00096请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂㊁写在答题纸上㊂选择题部分注意事项:1.答题前,考生务必将自己的考试课程名称㊁姓名㊁准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上㊂2.每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑㊂如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号㊂不能答在试题卷上㊂一㊁单项选择题(本大题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组,请将其选出并将 答题纸 的相应代码涂黑㊂错涂㊁多涂或未涂均无分㊂1.A f t e rad e c a d ef o c u s e do ne v e n t si nt h e M i d d l eE a s t,t h e U n i t e dS t a t e sh a sr e c e n t l yb o l s t e r e d i t s p r e s e nc e i n t h eA s i a-P a c i f i c.A.s t r e n g t h e n e dB.e x p e r i m e n t e dC.f r a n c h i s e dD.w e a k e n e d2.T h e A s i a-P a c i f i cr e g i o n,w h i c h w a so n eo ft h ef e w a r e a se n j o y i n g d y n a m i ce c o n o m i cd e v e l o p m e n t a t t h a t t i m e,a r o u s e dU.S.i n t e r e s t.A.s t a t i cB.a c t i v eC.f l e x i b l eD.s t r i d e n to r t sa r el i k e l yt os t a n db e t w e e n2m i l l i o nt o n sa n d2.5 3.I r e c k o nt h i s y e a r sc o r ni pm i l l i o n t o n s.A.e s t i m a t eB.d i m i n i s hC.c l a r i f yD.c o n c e i v e4.I nf o r e i g n e x c h a n g e m a r k e t s,h e d g ef u n d sa r et h ec u r r e n c y s p e c u l a t o r st h a t w o r r yg o v e r n m e n t s t h em o s t.A.o p p o r t u n i s t sB.o n l o o k e r sC.e n t r e p r e n e u r sD.p l a y e r s5.I n2007,i na c o n t e s t s u p e r v i s e db y t h e W o r l dB a n k,t h e j o i n t v e n t u r eo u t b i d m o r e t h a ne i g h t c o m p e t i t o r s h a i l i n gf r o mt h eU n i t e dS t a t e s,C a n a d a,R u s s i a a n dE u r o p e t ow i n t h eA f g h a n g o v e r n m e n t s c o n t r a c t.A.c o o p e r a t e dB.o r g a n i z e dC.o u t d oD.e l i m i n a t e d)页6共(页1第#69000浙经外贸刊识题试读选知6.Ar a g i n g s t o c km a r k e tm a d e2007a n o t h e r b u m p e r h a r v e s t y e a r f o r h e d g e f u n d s.A.s t r o n g e rB.l o a n e rC.w e a k e rD.s u p e r7.E u r o p e i s t h ew o r l d s g r o w t h l a g g a r d r a t h e r t h a n i t s c h a m p i o n.A.s u b s c r i b e rB.r e f o r m e rC.s l o w c o a c hD.p o l i c y-m a k e r8.T h o u s a n d s o fA s i a n s h o p p e r sw e r e t ob e f o u n d e l b o w i n g t h e i rw a y t h r o u g h t h e t h r o n g a sk e e n l y a s t h em o s t b a r g a i n-s a v v y B r i t s.A.s e l l e rB.c o n t r i b u t o rC.o w n e rD.c r o w d9.T h e s e n t i m e n t c a u s e db y ad e t e r i o r a t i n g e u r o z o n e c r i s i s h a s p r o m p t e d t h e d e m a n d f o r t h eg o v e r n m e n t b o n d s i s s u e db y d e v e l o p e d c o u n t r i e s,s u c ha s t h eU S.A.g i v e n r i s e t oB.r e s t r a i n e dC.r e a c t e d t oD.o f f s e t10.O v e r s e a si n v e s t o r sa r es h o w i n g s t r o n g a n di n c r e a s i n g i n t e r e s ti n h o l d i n g A u s t r a l i a nd o l l a r-de n o m i n a t e db o n d s.A.e n h a n c e dB.i s s u e dC.e x c h a n g e dD.i n c l u d e d11.B MWs a i d i t s f r a n c h i s e d o u t l e t sw i l l n o t i f y c u s t o m e r s o f t h e r e c a l l t h r o u g hm a i l o r p h o n ec a l l s.A.w a r e h o u s e sB.i n s t i t u t i o n sC.r e t a i l s t o r e sD.a s s o c i a t i o n s12.T h e r o l l e r c o a s t e r t h a t t h e f i n a n c i a lm a r k e t sw e r e f a c i n g d u r i n g l a s tw e e k t o o k i t s t o l l o nt h e c o mm o d i t i e sm a r k e t s a sw e l l.A.u p s a n dd o w n sB.d e p r e s s i o nC.o p p o r t u n i t i e sD.c o m p e t i t i o n13.T h es l o w d o w n w a s m a i n l y t h er e s u l to fas l ug g i s he c o n o m i cr e c o v e ry i nt h e U S,t h e e d e c o n o m i e s.E u r o p e a nU n i o na n do t h e re l o pA.a b r u p tB.i n a c t i v eC.c r u d eD.r e g u l a r14.C h e n gp r e f e r r e dn o t t o s e t am i n i m u mi n c o m e l i m i t,s a y i n g s u c ha p o l i c y w o u l db e t o or i g i d f o r l o w-i n c o m e f a m i l i e sw h i c hn e v e r t h e l e s s h a v e s a v e d e n o u g h f o r a d o w n p a y m e n t.A.u n f a i rB.s u p p o r t i v eC.i n f l e x i b l eD.d e s t r u c t i v e15.WT O m e m b e r s h i p a l s ou n d e r p i n n e dC h i n e s e e x p o r t-l e d g r o w t hw i t has t r o n g i n s u r a n c ep o l i c y a g a i n s t p r o t e c t i o n i s m.A.r e g u l a t e dB.s u p p o r t e dC.r e s t r u c t u r e dD.a t t r i b u t e d)页6共(页2第#69000浙经外贸刊识题试读选知非选择题部分注意事项:用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上,不能答在试题卷上㊂二㊁将下列英语单词或词组译成中文(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)16.c a s h-s t r a p p e d17.i n s o l v e n c y18.m a r k e t f o r c e s19.t r a d e r e p r i s a l20.p r i c e-r i g g i n g21.s p o tm a r k e t22.r e a l e s t a t e23.p r i v a t e t r u s t24.l i q u i d a s s e t s25.s u r c h a r g e三㊁将下列汉语词组译成英文(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)26.消费品27.资本货物28.生产资料29.经济特区30.优先权31.独家经销合同32.(附在商品上的)赠物券33.贴现率34.试销市场35.石油输出国组织四㊁简答题(本大题共6小题,每小题3分,共18分)P a s s a g e1H o n g K o n g c o n s u m e r s e n j o y a v a r i e t y o f s h e l l e g g s,i n c l u d i n g f r e s hh e n a n dd u c k e g g s, d y e d e g g s f o r s p e c i a l o c c a s i o n s,e g g s c o o k e d i n s a l t o r t e a l e a v e s,p i g e o n e g g s a n d p r e s e r v e d d u c ke g g s.F r e s hh e ne g g s,h o w e v e r,a r e t h em o s t p o p u l a r i t e m.E a c h c o n s u m e r i nH o n g K o n g e a t s a n a v e r a g e o f215f r e s h e g g s a n d20p r e s e r v e d o r d y e d)页6共(页3第#69000浙经刊外贸题试读选识知e g g s e a c h y e a r.A c c o r d i n g t o H o n g K o n g i m p o r t s t a t i s t i c s,t h e t e r r i t o r y a n n u a l l y i m p o r t s m o r e t h a n1.2b i l l i o ns h e l l e g g sv a l u e da t$52m i l l i o n.I na d d i t i o n,H o n g K o n gp r o d u c e s4.5m i l l i o nd o z e nh e n,d u c ka n d g o o s e e g g s a n d12m i l l i o nd o z e n q u a i l e g g s a n n u a l l y.C h i n e s ee g g sd o m i n a t e t h e f r e s he g g m a r k e tw i t h m o r e t h a na n80%s h a r e.T h a i l a n d b e c a m e t h e s e c o n d l a r g e s t s u p p l i e r i n1984,f o l l o w i n g an e a r l y e i g h t f o l d i n c r e a s eo v e r1983 s h i p m e n t s.T h eU n i t e dS t a t e s i sc u r r e n t l y t h et h i r dl a r g e s ts u p p l i e rw i t ha7.5%m a r k e t s h a r e i n1985 u p f r o m6.8%.E g g i m p o r t s f r o mt h eN e t h e r l a n d sa l s os h o w e dad r a m a t i ci n c r e a s e i n1985.36.O f a l l t h e e g gp r o d u c t s,w h a t i sm o s t p o p u l a rw i t hH o n g K o n g c o n s u m e r s?37.W h a t i sC h i n a s f r e s he g g m a r k e t s h a r e i n t h ew o r l d?38.W h a t i s c u r r e n t l y t h e t h i r d l a r g e s t s u p p l i e r o f f r e s he g g s?P a s s a g e2A g g r e g a t e s t a t i s t i c s f o r1991w e r ed o m i n a t e db y t h e s h a r p d e c l i n e i no u t p u t i nC e n t r a l a n dE a s t e r nE u r o p e a n db y t h e s e v e r e l y a d v e r s e e f f e c t s o f t h eG u l f c r i s i s o n t h e e c o n o m i e s o f M i d d l eE a s t e r n c o u n t r i e s.E s t i m a t e s o fG D Pb y m a j o r g e o g r a p h i c r e g i o nr e v e a l t h a t g r o w t h o f o u t p u t a c c e l e r a t e d i nL a t i nA m e r i c a n a n d i n s u b-S a h a r a nA f r i c a,w h i l e a p i c k-u p i nC h i n a h e l p e d s u s t a i nA s i a na c t i v i t y.D e s p i t eas h a r p s l o w-d o w n i nI n d i a,w h e r eG D P g r o w t hf e l l f r o m5.5p e r c e n t i n1990t o2.5p e r c e n t,t h e p o p u l a t i o n-w e i g h t e d g r o w t h r a t e o f d e v e l o p i n gc o u n t r i e s G D P 3.5p e r c e n t i n1991 c o n t i n u ed t oe x c e e d t h e o r d i n a r y m e a s u r e.39.W h a t d o e s t h eu n d e r l i n e dw o r d a g g r e g a t e m e a n?40.W h a t s t h em e a n i n g o f a d v e r s e ?41.W h a t d o e s e x c e e d m e a n?五㊁正误判断题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)如果正确,请写 T ,如果错误,请写 F ㊂P a s s a g e1U Sr e t a i ls a l e sr o s el e s st h a ne x p e c t e do v e rt h eh o l i d a y s w h i l en e w j o b l e s sc l a i m s c l i m b e d t o a s i x-w e e kh i g h,u n d e r l i n i n g t h e s l o w p a c e o f r e c o v e r y f r o mr e c e s s i o n.R e t a i l s a l e s i n c r e a s e d0.1p e r c e n t i nD e c e m b e r t o$400.6b n,m i s s i n g f o r e c a s t s o f a0.3 p e r c e n tr i s ea n dl o g g i n g t h e w e a k e s t g r o w t hs i n c el a s t M a y,a c c o r d i n g t oac o mm e r c e d e p a r t m e n t r e p o r t.S e p a r a t e l y,f i r s t-t i m ec l a i m s f o ru n e m p l o y m e n tb e n e f i t s r o s e t o399,000.E c o n o m i s t s s a y c l a i m s n e e d t o s t a y b e l o w400,000t o s u s t a i n j o b g r o w t h.D e c e m b e rs a l e so fe l e c t r o n i c sa n da p p l i a n c e sf e l l3.9p e rc e n ta n dd e p a r t m e n ts t o r e)页6共(页4第#69000浙经刊外贸知试读选识题p u r c h a s e s s l i p p e d0.2p e rc e n t.M e a n w h i l e,c h e a p e r f u e l p r i c e sb r o u g h td o w nr e c e i p t sa t p e t r o l s t a t i o n s1.6p e r c e n t l a s tm o n t h,w h i l e f o o d a n db e v e r a g e s a l e s f e l l0.2p e r c e n t.D e c e m b e r sr e t a i ls a l e sf i g u r e ss u g g e s t i t w a sn o tah a p p y h o l i d a y s e a s o nf o r U S r e t a i l e r s, s a i dP a u lD a l e s,s e n i o rU Se c o n o m i s ta tC a p i t a lE c o n o m i c s. I no t h e rw o r d s,h o u s e h o l d sh a v es t a r t e dt o p a r e b a c kt h e i rs p e n d i n g,m o s t p r o b a b l y b e c a u s et h e i rr e a li n c o m e s h a v e c o n t i n u e d t o f a l l.A nu p w a r d r e v i s i o nt oN o v e m b e r s s a l e s r e a d i n g,f r o m0.2p e r c e n t t o0.4p e r c e n t, s u g g e s t e d t h a t c o n s u m e r s d i dm o s t o f t h e i r h o l i d a y s h o p p i n g e a r l y i n t h e s e a s o n.W h i l e t h e r ew e r e s e v e r a lm e d i a r e p o r t s s u g g e s t i n g h o l i d a y s h o p p i n g w a s s o l i d,[y e a r-o n-y e a r]g r o w t hi nc h a i ns t o r ed a t ad i dd i s a p p o i n t,a n dt h i sd a t as u g g e s t st h ec o n s u m e r, r e s t r a i n e db y w e a ki n c o m e g r o w t h,h a sl o s ts o m e m o m e n t u m o u t s i d ea u t o s, s a i d D a v i d S l o a n,a ne c o n o m i s t a t I F RE c o n o m i c s.S t e e p d i s c o u n t sa n de x t e n d e dh o u r sa t m a n y r e t a i l e r sl u r e dl a s t-m i n u t es h o p p e r st o s t o r e s i n t h ew e e k l e a d i n g u p t oC h r i s t m a s,b u t t h e2011h o l i d a y s e a s o nw a s s e e n a sm o d e s t o v e r a l l a n dm a n y c o m p a n i e s h a v e d o w n g r a d e d t h e i r p r o f i t f o r e c a s t s.T h u r s d a y s c o mm e r c e d e p a r t m e n t f i g u r e s s h o w e d t h a tD e c e m b e r s d e c l i n e sw e r e o f f s e t b y s t r o n g e rd e m a n df o rc a r s;s a l e so fm o t o rv e h i c l e sa n d p a r t sw e r eu p1.5p e rc e n t,a s i n d i c a t e de a r l i e r t h i sm o n t hb y c a r m a k e r s,w h o s a i dD e c e m b e r s a l e s r e a c h e d a b o u t13.7ma t a s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e da n n u a l r a t e.S t r i p p i n g o u t a u t o s,o v e r a l l r e t a i l s a l e s f e l l0.2p e r c e n t c o m p a r e dw i t h a n e x p e c t e d0.3 p e r c e n t g a i n.S a l e s e x c l u d i n g a u t o s a n d p e t r o lw e r e f l a t i nD e c e m b e r.42.U S r e t a i l s a l e sw e r e e x p e c t e d t o i n c r e a s eb y0.3%i nD e c e m b e r.43.F i r s t-t i m ec l a i m sf o ru n e m p l o y m e n tb e n e f i t sc l i m b e dt o399,000,i n d i c a t i n g t h e U Sr e c e s s i o n i sw o r s e n i n g.44.M a n y U S f a m i l i e s h a v e c u t d o w no n t h e i r sg r o w t h.p e n d i ng d u e t ow e a k i n c o m ee s t t h a t c o n s u m e r s d i dm o s t of t h e i rC h r i s t m a s s h o p p i n g45.R e c e n t r e t a i l s a l e s f i g u r e s g gi ne a r l y D e c e m b e r.46.W i t hs a l e so f m o t o rv e h i c l e sa n d p a r t se x c l u d e d,t h eo v e r a l lr e t a i ls a l e si nt h e U Sa c t u a l l y f e l l s l i g h t l y.P a s s a g e2D e l lI n c.r o s ea s m u c ha s6.7p e r c e n ta f t e ri t s p r o f i tt o p p e da n a l y s t s e s t i m a t e s, m a r k i n g t h es e c o n ds t r a i g h t q u a r t e rt h a tt h ec o m p a n y sr e s u l t so u t s h i n e dt h o s eo fr i v a l H e w l e t t-P a c k a r dC o.N e t i n c o m es u r g e dt o$945m i l l i o n,o r49c e n t sas h a r e,f r o m$341m i l l i o n,o r17 c e n t s,a y e a r e a r l i e r,D e l l s a i d y e s t e r d a y.E x c l u d i n g c e r t a i n c o s t s,e a r n i n g sw e r e55c e n t s i n t h e p e r i o d,w h i c h e n d e dA p r i l29.A n a l y s t s e s t i m a t e d43c e n t s o n a v e r a g e,a c c o r d i n g t o d a t a)页6共(页5第#69000浙经外贸刊识题试读选知c o m p i l e db y B l o o m b e r g.D e l l s e m p h a s i so nb u s i n e s s c u s t o m e r s,b o l s t e r e db y a ne x p a n s i o n i n t oc o r p o r a t ed a t a c e n t e r s,i s h e l p i n g i t w i t h s t a n d as l u m p i n c o n s u m e r d e m a n d.A s l o w d o w ni n h o m e-c o m p u t e rs a l e s h a sr o i l e di n d u s t r y l e a d e r H e w l e t t-P a c k a r d,w h i c h c u ti t sa n n u a ls a l e s f o r e c a s t e a r l i e r y e s t e r d a y.W h i l eD e l l a l s o s a wi t s c o n s u m e r r e v e n u e d r o p,t h e c o m p a n y s a i d i tw a s a b l e t o s q u e e z em o r e p r o f i t o u t o f e a c hs a l e.T h e y e x e c u t e dm u c hb e t t e r t h a ne x p e c t e dd e s p i t e s t r o n g h e a d w i n d s, s a i dS h a w W u, a na n a l y s t a t S t e r n eA g e e&L e a c h I n c.i nS a nF r a n c i s c o.D e l l g e t s a b o u t20p e r c e n t o f s a l e s f r o mc o n s u m e r s,c o m p a r e dw i t ha b o u t30p e r c e n t a tH e w l e t t-P a c k a r d,s a i d W u,w h oh a s a n e u t r a l r a t i n g o nD e l l s h a r e s.D e l l,b a s e d i nR o u n dR o c k,T e x a s,g a i n e d85c e n t s,o r5.4p e r c e n t,t o$16.75a t4 p.m.N e w Y o r k t i m e i nN a s d a q S t o c k M a r k e t c o m p o s i t e t r a d i n g.T h e s h a r e sh a v e r i s e n24 p e r c e n t t h i s y e a r.47.I t i s t h e f i r s t t i m e t h a tD e l l s q u a r t e r l yp r o f i t h a s s u r p a s s e dH e w l e t t-P a c k a r dC o.48.A n a l y s t s e s t i m a t e d t h a tD e l l s n e t i n c o m ew a s43c e n t s a s h a r e o na v e r a g e.49.B e c a u s e D e l l n o w f o c u s e s o n b u s i n e s s c u s t o m e r s,i t s c o n s u m e r d e m a n d r e m a i n s r e l a t i v e l y s t a b l e.50.H e w l e t t-P a c k a r df o r e c a s tad r o p i ni t sa n n u a ls a l e sd u et ot h es l o w d o w ni n h o m e-c o m p u t e r s a l e s.51.C o m p a r e dw i t hD e l l,H e w l e t t-P a c k a r d r e l i e sm o r eh e a v i l y o n c o n s u m e r s.六㊁翻译题(本大题12分)52. W h i l et h e g l o b a l f i n a n c i a l c r i s i sc o n t i n u e dt ot a k eat o l lo ns o c i e t i e sa n d p o l i t i c sg l o b a l l y,2011h a sb e e na y e a ro fr e l e n t l e s st u r m o i la n dc h a o s.W h a tu n d e r l i e st h e s e w a v e s o f t u r m o i l i s t h e l a b o r p a i n s o f t h eb i r t ho f an e wi n t e r n a t i o n a l o r d e r.E c o n o m i c g r o w t hw a s s e v e r e l y u n b a l a n c e d i n2011.T h eE u r o p e a na n d U.S.d e b t c r i s e sh a v e g r a v e l y d e l a y e dt h er e c o v e rg ht h e U n i t e dy.T h o u y o ft h e w o r l de c o n o mS t a t e s r a i s e d i t s d e b t c e i l i n g a f t e r h e a t e d d e b a t e t o a v o i d d e f a u l t,t h e S t a n d a r d&P o o r s r a t i n g a g e n c y d o w n g r a d e d t h e c r e d i t r a t i n g o f t h eU n i t e dS t a t e s f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e.)页6共(页6第#69000浙经刊外贸题试读选识知。
浙江7月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案解析
浙江省2018年7月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096Ⅰ.常用词语的英译汉(每个词组1分，共10分)Put the following phrases into Chinese.1.trade fairs and exhibitions2.intellectual property right3.trade procedure4.export quota5.(government)procurement6.European integration7.Export Commodity Fair8.countervailing duty9.fledgling industries10.deinflationary policiesⅡ.常用词语的汉译英(每个词组1分，共10分)Put the following phrases into English.1.外商独资2.自然资源3.国内生产总值4.供需5.市场导向6.商业周期7.质量证书8.贸易逆差9.市场力量10.经常项目Ⅲ.正误判断题(每题2分，共10分)Read the following passage and decide whether the satements are ture or false.What Is MarketThe world market is used in a number of ways.There is a stock market and an automobile market,a retail market for furniture and a wholesale market for furniture.One person may be going to the market;another may plan to market a product.What,then is market?A market may be defined as a place where buyers and sellers meet,goods or services are offered for sale,and transfers of ownership occur.A market may also be defined as the demand made by a certain group of potential buyers for a good or service.For instance,there is a farm marker for petroleum(石油)products.The terms market and demand are often used interchangeably;they may also be used jointly as market demand.These definitions are not sufficiently precise to be useful to us here.For business purposes we define a market as people or organizations with wants(needs) to satisfy,money to spend, and the willingness to spend it.Thus in the market demand for any given product or service,there are three factors to consider—people or organizations with wants(needs),their purchasing power,and theirbuying behavior.We shall employ the dictionary definition of needs:the lack of anything that is required,desired,or useful.We do not limit needs to the narrow physiological(生理的)requirements of food,clothing and shelter essential for survival.In our discussion the words needs and wants are used synonymously and interchangeably.In strict interpretation,however,needs would refer to such basic physiological requirements as food,clothing,and shelter,while wants would be nonbasic preferences.However,in our affluent society,little is to be gained by trying to differentiate between the two.Many of us would see as needs some items that are far beyond food,clothing,and sheltter. 1.According to the passage,the word“market”can be used in different occasions and thereforeacquire different meanings.( )2.The sentence“…there is a farm market for petroleum products.”indicates that “market”and“demand”are sometimes synonyms.( )3.In the commercial field,the concept of market involves only people with wants.( )4.The words “needs”and “wants”can be used synonymously and interchangeably because theyboth suggest the lack of something.( )5.The passage is mainly about why people are confused with needs and wants.( )Ⅳ.单项选择题(每题2分，共20分)Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part or what is required in the following statements.1.In April,the EC imposed a ban on livestock,meat,and dairy products from 18 eastern countries following an outbreak of hoof and mouth disease in Croatia.( )A.levied a high tariffB.adopted quota systemC.limited the import volumeD.shut out imports2.Hire a commission buying agent who finds sources abroad on behalf of the principal.( )A.head of an educational institutionB.person who commits a crimeC.main actor or performerD.one who employs another to act as his agent3.An in-ouse service gives managers direct contact with foreign suppliers, an advantage to a firm that has a large volume of overseas purchasing.( )A.a business carried on in shelter,not in openB.a deal concluded in one's own countryC.an entertainments given to suppliersD.a negotiation with the supplier in one's own company4.But it often allows the purchaser a say in product specifications.( )A.revision to his requirementsB.room for bargainingC.right to decideD.presentation of complaint5.It is also the only way to ensure product exclusivity.( )A.right of only sale of a product,not shared by othersB.a competitive edge in sale of a productC.an advantage over other firms in sale of a productD.a small number of a product only6.Direct buying enables companies to do a better job of product development with key vendors.( )A.producersB.sellersC.consumersD.buyers7.Officials on both sides were optimistic that a deal on farming,which would unlock the rest of the round,was within reach.( )A.solveB.openC.tightenD.close8.Sony had to shrink 2,000 components into a space one quarter the size they occupy in a conventional camcorder.( )A.condenseB.add up toC.leave offD.make lighter9.With a target to aim at,the coverers know that the innovation is at least technically feasible.( )A.strongB.stableC.advancedD.possible10.Tourists enterprises and any other service industry outside the zone are not entitled to any special status.( )A.have no power toB.are not interested inC.have no right toD.are not obliged toⅤ.英译汉(每题4分，共40分)Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.We will also implement the “going out”strategy,encouraging viable enterprises to invest abroad.This will enable us to take advantage of both the domestic and international markets.2.After China joins the WTO,consumers on the mainland will start to find more choices in their shops,including many new items from overseas.3.International marketing is important because the world has become globalized.International marketing takes place all around us every day, and has a major effect on our lives.4.Technology transfer is the transfer of systematic knowledge for the manufacture of a product,for the application of a process,or for the rendering of a service.The elements of the transfer are “human ware”,“soft ware”and “hard w\are”.5.Foreign direct investment tends to transfer assets from the developed world to the developing world.But the pattern is not entirely simple.6.We are not safely beyond a backlash against the new world of competition.7.Hong Kong and Korea didn't invent new or more efficient manufacturing techniques.They simply bought market share with low wages.8.Globalisation has aroused worries in many rich countries that free trade with much poorer countries threatens jobs and prosperity.This was plain in last year's debate in the United States over expanding the North American Free Trade Agreement.9.The world economy has sneezed,the mainland's export sector has caught a cold,and Hong Kong is suffering from influenza.There is no quick cure medication.10.The company's new formula was designed partly to keep Coke's sales growing overseas. Compared with Americans,who guzzle more soda than water,the rest of world is still in the sipping stage.Ⅵ.短文提问(每题2分，共10分)Read the following passage and answer the questions in English.Given the stakes involved,it's not surprising that the issue has become politically volatile.The outspoken opposition leaders of the National Assembly routinely criticize the government forgranting special tax breaks to the chaebol,which they argue have impeded the growth of small businesses and stymied entrepreneurship.1.What does “given”mean here?2.What is “the stakes”?3.Why was the government criticized by the outspoken opposition leaders?4.Give one synonym for “businesses”.5.What is the meaning of “involved”here?。
(全新整理)4月全国自考外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案解析
全国2018年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在答题纸相应的位置上。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. His employer transferred him to another office.A. renovatedB. changedC. aspiredD. exchanged2. The Chinese government plans to speed up rural development.A. distributeB. contributeC. moderateD. accelerate3. This boom in adult education, in turn, helps to raise the intellectual standard of the whole country.A. growthB. measureC. bonusD. behemoth4. Companies like IBM and Dell are starting to offer comparable packages for open source solutions.A. similarB. reliableC. cyclicalD. considerable5. As a consequence of something which happens in the game, a player must do something silly.A. conversationB. paymentC. competitionD. result6. EU takes steps to remove an obstruction from Chinese textile imports held up at EU frontiers.A. unlockB. unloadC. unblockD. unbind17. It requires the return of excess revenue to taxpayers when state revenue exceeds the amount forecast at the start of a budget period by more than 2 percent.A. expensiveB. surplusC. extensiveD. rough8. The recent statement of the president forecast a change in the situation.A. diminishedB. capitulatedC. concentratedD. foreshadowed9. The factory must aim at developing new models of machines.A. targetB. outstripC. justifyD. enforce10. The appointment of an experienced UAE diplomat will add weight to the UAE’s voice in the organization.A. heightB. importanceC. widthD. appearance11. Record oil prices in the international market pose no threat to the Swiss economy at the moment.A. proposeB. possessC. presentD. protect12. Northrop Corporation located a purchaser for Swiss elevators in Egypt.A. pulledB. foundC. pushedD. chose13. The Audit Techniques Guides (ATGs) focus on developing highly trained examiners for a particular market segment.A. divisionB. protectionC. examinationD. innovation14. More than Microsoft, Google is more likely to monopolize the Internet with their probable GNet and Google.2A. constituteB. promoteC. stabilizeD. dominate15. The book discusses his illness and subsequent resignation from the government.A. yieldingB. successiveC. followingD. speculative二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16. most-favored nation treatment17. trade surplus18. hard currency19. merger of banks20. liquid assets21. a hermit nation22. trade negotiation23. at a rough estimate24. Chinese Export Commodities Fair25. foreign exchange reserves三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26. 国民收入27. 国际收支28. 收盘价29. 惩罚性进口关税30. 证券投资31. 商品市场32. 自由市场（无壁垒市场）33. 智囊团/ 顾问班子34. 产地证明书35. 对等价值3四、简答题（本大题共6小题，共18分）Passage 1Coca-Cola’s advance into orange soda is bad news for Sunkist, which holds a 1.5% share of the soft drink market, and Crush (around 1%) Coca-Cola began testing Minute Maid Orange Soda in Canada last summer. Some analysts think it will quickly challenge Sunkist as the top-selling orange drink.The sleeper among the products might turn out to be Cherry Coke, which contains no fruit juice at all. Emanuel Goldman, a beverage analyst with Montgomery Securities in San Francisco, says Cherry Coke has captured shares of 4% to 8% in test markets. The drink probably won’t do as well when it is rolled out nationally, since consumer coupons and price promotions have been helping it along. But Goldman believes Cherry Coke could eventually displace Dr Pepper as the nation’s fifth-best-selling soft drink.36. Why is Cherry Coke described as the “sleeper”?37. What is a test market? How do you understand “price promotions” here?38. Which brand occupies the fifth place on the soft drink list at present?Passage 2The most visible result of this buoyant market in both centres is a plethora of new multi-storey commercial and residential buildings. In Abu Dhabi, these projects are let through the Khalifah committee or the Department of Social Services to local consultants, but in Dubai there is more of an international spread.Building work apart, consultants predict a fairly wide spread of projects. “We expect the market to remain buoyant for the next couple of years. There is a fair bit of work at Mina Zayed coming up, a fair bit of road-working on the island and the hinterland, and we expect some airport development to rear its head in the not too distant future,”says one long-established Abu Dhabi-based consultant.39. Who are renting the multi-storey commercial buildings in Abu Dhabi and Dubai?40. What is the prospect of new building projects?441. Please explain “rear its head” and “Abu Dhabi-based” in the last sentence.五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）Passage 1Specifications are detailed descriptions of the goods to be sold. They include the composition, content, purity, strength, size, etc. of the goods.The same kind of goods might also be classified into different grades, such as large, medium, or small; Grade A, Grade B, or Grade C. Every grade has its own specifications. These grades are given by commercial chambers or relevant government departments or informally by the producers or the traders themselves. There are no uniform international grades for goods, and they are not so formal as standards.Standards are the specifications or grades officially recognized by the governmental department or commercial organizations of a country. They have legal effects and hence are binding upon the traders. If the goods do not conform with the requirements demanded by the standards, they are not to be marketed.Different countries have different standards. Also, most countries make alterations and amendments to their standards and it is therefore necessary to state the quoted publications of the standard in a contract.In the trading of agricultural products, F.A.Q. (fair average quality) is often employed to indicate the quality of the goods. F.A.Q. is rather sweeping. From a technical point of view, it indicates the average quality of the current crop. Besides F.A.Q., specifications are still necessary unless the transaction is done between regular trading partners.To be different from F.A.Q., the term “selected” is sometimes empl oyed. With this term, the seller needs to state the specifications of the goods to show how selected it is.For the trading of wood and aquatic products, G.M.Q. (good merchantable quality) is employed to indicate the quality of goods. G.M.Q. means the goods is free from defects and is good enough for use or consumption. G.M.Q. is usually not supplemented with specifications and when disputes arise because of the quality of the goods, exporters will have to be invited to make5the arbitration.42. Grades have more detailed descriptions of goods than specifications.43. One major difference between standards, grades and specifications is that standards are official.44. It is important for export goods to meet the standards of their target countries.45. The difference between F.A.Q. and “selected” is that the latter involves less general specifications.46. Goods with G.M.Q. are usually better in quality than products with F.A.Q.Passage 2Let me touch on a few areas where progress in the Doha Development Agenda will help poorer countries reap further gains from trade and enhance their potential for sustainable development.Agriculture is and has always been a fundamental sector for many developing countries. Agriculture is critical to the successful conclusion of the negotiations. Ambitious liberalization in this sector can offer big potential gains for all countries, particularly developing countries. WTO members are committed to comprehensive negotiations aimed at addressing market access, export subsidies and trade distorting domestic support. More than 50 developing countries depend on agriculture for over one-third of their merchandise export earnings. The eventual elimination of trade distorting measures which affect agricultural trade will be a tremendous boost for sustainable development. The World Bank has estimated that phasing out restrictions on agriculture could lead to higher income in developing countries of some US$400 billion by 2015. The gains from this are several times larger than all the debt relief granted to developing countries so far.Tariff peaks and tariff escalation: after many rounds of trade negotiations, average tariffs on non-agricultural products have been significantly reduced. But relatively high tariffs still remain on some products in which developing countries are competitive and tariffs go up as the level of processing increases. Tariff escalation prevents developing countries from moving away from dependence on a few commodities. Tariff peaks and tariff escalation must be brought down by the6negotiations, if developing countries are to be able to meaningfully gain from world merchandise trade.47. The speaker discusses the reason of why Doha Development Agenda has been a great success.48. Progress in the agriculture negotiations alone contributes substantially to this development agenda.49. Most of the export earnings of Africa come from agricultural products.50. Doing away with trade barriers in agriculture means exempting developing countries from debts.51. Because developed countries set a limit on tariffs, developing countries are exporting a broader range of competitive commodities.六、翻译题（本大题12分）52.During the past few years a major objective of the Chinese authorities has been to reduce the proportion of agricultural exports, while increasing that of industrial and mineral products. A wide variety of industrial goods are now exported and Chinese capital equipment has been used by a number of developing countries to establish projects in areas such as agriculture, forestry, light industry, food processing, water conservation and transport and communications.7。
000961510外刊经贸知识选读
2015年10月全国高等教育自学考试《外刊经贸知识选读》试题课程代码：00096一、单项选择题 (本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分)1. The popularity of the World Wide Web has brought with it the prospect of e-commerce doingbusiness over the Internet.A. possibilityB. processC. strategyD. strain2. International Airlines Group has reached a provisional deal to buy Lufthansa's UK subsidiary,BMI British Midland.A. stableB. profitableC. predictableD. temporary3. The government has to confront the severe discrepancy between coal and power prices when powershortages become serious again this winter.A. barrierB. growthC. differenceD. shortage4. This business turned out to be lucrative for the two partners, so they decided to invest theirprofits in the establishment of a retail store in Hollywood, Florida.A. profitableB. transparentC. radicalD. ambitious5. The United States risks squandering more than $11 billion if it does not come up with adequateplans, a US watchdog said.A. luringB. quotingC. wastingD. deferring6. The designs include T-shirts, tote bags, scarves and wristlets, with all proceeds going tothe Obama Victory Fund.A. subsidiesB. incomeC. donationsD. premium7. We are trying to design our products according to the traditional Chinese style but also keepingabreast of the latest global fashion trends.A. breaking downB. settling forC. being informed aboutD. pressing on8. The China Beijing International Mining Exchange (CBMX) is publishing a new iron ore pricingindex, an attempt to better reflect supply and demand as well as reduce price volatility.A. differenceB. declineC. unpredictabilityD. compensation9. International commodities prices are also likely to bounce back due to recovering demand inemerging economies.A. reboundB. increaseC. fallD. renovate10. This restraint has made analysts predict that Chinese consumers will soon overtake theJapanese.A. incitementB. contributorC. infrastructureD. constraint11. There were two times when draft amendments proposed were met with divergent opinions and thesewere not put for vote.A. absurdB. sameC. explicitD. different12. There were exclamations, saying that the post was a potential breach of patient privacy.A. violationB. separationC. regulationD. evidence13. In the last five years, bilateral trade volume has increased 15 times.A. twp-sidedB. mutualC. prominentD. flexible14. China Vanke Co. Ltd. , the country's largest property developer by market value, saw its homesales slump 39.3 percent year on year to 12.2 billion yuan ( $1.96 billion) in January.A. experienceB. accomplishC. fallD. rise15. There may be further deals in resources in the latter half, although a second global financialcrisis could stall some deals in the pipeline.A. decreaseB. postponeC. clarifyD. develop二、将下列英语单词或词组译成中文(本大题共10小题。
自考外刊经贸知识选读历年真题翻译部分
全国2010年7月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16. market share17. raw material18. capital market19. foreign-exchange reserves20. bilateral pacts21. intellectual property22. free trade23. （OPEC）24. hard currency25. consumer goods三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26. 战略性储备27. 服务贸易28. 供应过剩29. 清算协议30. 利息付款31. 特别提款权32. 证券投资33. 生产力34. 合资企业35. 技术转让全国2009年7月自考外刊经贸知识选读试题16. in surplus17. Comecon18. preferred status19. the state apparatus20. productive forces21. exclusive contract22. state-run enterprises23. the wet market24. franchisee25. import quota system26. 海关税27. 易货贸易28. 外汇储备29. 优惠税率30. 证券市场31. 收盘价32. 经纪业33. 可兑换货币34. 主要供应商35. 汇率全国2009年4月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题16. vested interests17. wholesaler18. a hermit nation19. buzzword20. insolvency21. take title22. market regulation23. public tender24. countervailing duty25. consortium26．反通胀政策27．贸易制裁28．产地证明书29. 市场动力30. 转让人31. 现货市场32. 经常项目33. 收盘价34．出口配额制35．服务贸易全国自考2008年7月外刊经贸知识选读试题16. invisible account17. SEZ18. soft commodity19. per capita income20. trade sanctions21. strategic stockpile22. managed trade23. brain trust24. carbon tax25. intellectual property26. 试销市场27. 外汇收入28. 中央银行29. 消费品30. 高技术31. 国内需求32. 特别提款权33. 强硬政策34. 产地证明书35. 补偿协议全国2008年4月自考外刊经贸知识选读真题16. fiscal packages17. countervailing duty18. debt service19. liquid assets20. good resistance21. current account22. cash crops23. GNP24. deinflationary policy25. equivalent value26. 市场份额27. 供应短缺28. 世界银行29. 资本货物30. 生产力31. 国内需求32. 外汇收入33. 进口税34. 有形贸易收支35. 利润汇款全国2007年7月高等教育自学考试16. GATT17. portfolio investment18. debt restructuring19. countervailing duty20. glut of supplies21. barrier-free market22. invisible account23. preferential tax rate24. economic heavy weight25. fledgling industries26. 中国出口商品交易会27. 硬通货28. 剩余劳动力29. 试销30. 直接投资31. 资本货物32. 国际收支33. 强硬政策34. 合资企业35. 技术转让全国2007年4月高等教育自学考试16. most-favored nation treatment17. trade surplus18. hard currency19. merger of banks20. liquid assets21. a hermit nation22. trade negotiation23. at a rough estimate24. Chinese Export Commodities Fair25. foreign exchange reserves26. 国民收入27. 国际收支28. 收盘价29. 惩罚性进口关税30. 证券投资31. 商品市场33. 智囊团/ 顾问班子34. 产地证明书35. 对等价值全国2006年7月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题16. compensation agreement17. test market18. currency movement19. security20. good resistance21. tough policy22. impose import23. Special Drawing Right24. GNP (gross national product)25. per capita income26. 最惠国待遇27. 贸易顺差28. 硬通货29. 银行兼并30. 易于变卖的资产31. 闭关自守的国家32. 贸易谈判33. 据粗略估计34. 中国出口商品交易会35. 外汇储备全国2006年4月高等教育自学考试16.most-favored nation treatment17.trade surplus18.hard currency19.merger of banks20.liquid assets21.a hermit nation22.trade negotiation23.at a rough estimate24.Chinese Export Commodities Fair25.foreign exchange reserves26.独家经销合同27.经常项目28.清算协议29.人均收入30.无壁垒市场31.双重税32.房地产33.试销34.知识产权35.商业周期全国2005年7月高等教育自学考试16. counter trade17. means of production18. surplus labour19. debt restructuring20. trade reprisal21. certificate of origin22. currency exchange system23. exclusive contract24. foreign exchange earnings25. primary products26. 货币市场27. 利息付款28. 试销29. 新兴工业30. 国内需求31. 直接投资32. 供应短缺33. 大规模销售活动34. 供求模式35. 现货市场全国2005年4月高等教育自学考试16.unfair trade17.exclusive contract18.per capita income19.long-term strategy20.GATT21.financial crisis22.trade representative23.physical market24.financial deregulation25.sovereignty dispute26.利息付款27.外商独资28.技术转让29.国内需求30.出口导向31.贸易差额32.产地证书33.期货市场34.市场份额35.进口税全国2004年7月高等教育自学考试16. visible trade accounts17. assembly manufacturing18. cooperative enterprises19. securities and real estate market20. nominal dollar terms21. government procurement22. fiscal packages23. risk-weighted assets24. carbon tax25. austerity program26. 贴现率28. 新兴工业29. 贸易制裁30. 无壁垒市场31. 惩罚性进口关税32. 外汇储备33. 经常项目34. 技术转让35. 市场多样化全国2004年4月高等教育自学考试16.trade fairs and exhibitions17.preferential tax rate18.vested interests19.export quotaernment procurement21.European integration22.bilateral pacts23.countervailing duty24.fledgling industries25.deinflationary policies26.国际收支27.经济特区28.高技术29.证券投资30.自由市场31.贸易壁垒32.供应过剩33.对等价值34.经济衰退35.贸易制裁全国2003年4月高等教育自学考试16.convertible currency17.customs duties and taxation18.good infrastructure19.deinflationary policy20.trade sanction21.at the summit meeting22.on a conservative estimate23.price hike24.self-sufficient25.liquid assets26,股票市场27.资本转移28.贸易歧视29.双边贸易30.欧洲大陆31.经常项目32.服务贸易33.双重税34.国有企业35.竞争优势全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试2.trade surplus3.deflation4.barter trade5.futures market6.current account7.budgt deficit8.invisible tradepensation trade10.devaluation1.市场力量2.货币政策3.最惠国待遇4.世界贸易组织5.人具所得税6.商品市场7.服务贸易8.初级产品9.国际货币基金组织10.人均国内生产总值六、翻译题（本大题12分）52. Interest in imports from China is high. The Chinese consulate’s commercial section in Dubai reporteda continual stream of visitors in the run-up to the exhibition from companies wanting to do business for the first time with China. More than 4,000 Chinese traders visited the emirates on government and private missions last year. As a result of this activity, China’s exports to the UAE have almost doubled fro m $279.5 million in 1990 to $522.7 million in 1992, according to Chinese government statistics. Dubai’s statistics show that China was the fifth largest supplier in 1990.52.The primary message for people who are interested to invest in the stock market is that they should ignore market timing and buy stocks for the long term. This strategy is simple and yet effective because stocks give good returns over a long period of time.The simplest strategy is the Buy—&—Hold strategy. One does not need to do anything no matter what happens after the initial investment is made. For example, you have $100 and you then decide to keep $60 in savings and use the remaining $40 to buy stocks. Whether the stock market goes up or down, you do not use your savings to buy more stocks or sell stocks to put money back into savings.52.Consumer prices posted their smallest increase in more than 50 years in 2008. A government report today (Friday) said the sagging economy is keeping inflation in check, and slashing demand for energy. Serious U.S. economic problems are at the top of President-elect Barack Obama’s agenda as he tries to rally public support for a plan to stimulate the economy with government spending and tax cuts. Mr. Obama has said he hopes to create half a million jobs with investments in clean energy projects.52.In the most recent talks about farm trade, America has shown a new willingness to compromise on details, doubtless reflecting George Bush’s need for an economic success to boast of in his election campaign. Whatever the motive a spirit of compromise makes sense for America, since it stands to gain a lot more from a successful round than any other country. But the EC continues to hesitate—because of France. French farmers are violently opposed to the reform of the common agricultural policy (CAP) that Europe’s governments agreed to last May.52.For South Korea as a whole, that seems as much a prophecy as an ambition. Like Japan in the 1960s, the country is poised for an assault on the world’s export markets. Its surging $81 billion economy is churning out a flood of increasingly sophisticated products, from shoes, toys and telephones to video recorders and microprocessors. Korea’s mighty conglomerates dominate Middle East construction, and they command key shares of the world’s shipbuilding, textile and steel indus tries.52. But some economists stressed the risks that a more aggressive U.S. policy poses. C. Fred Bergsten,director of the Institute for International Economists and a prominent member of the free-trade establishment, said he saw little evidence for a strategy, except for “a willingness to listen to protectionist appeals” from the automobile, semi conductor, steel and energy industries, among others, and a desire to mollify these industries’ powerful congressional protectors.52.During the past few years a major objective of the Chinese authorities has been to reduce the proportion of agricultural exports, while increasing that of industrial and mineral products. A wide variety of industrial goods are now exported and Chinese capital equipment has been used by a number of developing countries to establish projects in areas such as agriculture, forestry, light industry, food processing, water conservation and transport and communications.六Clearly, China’s economy is a work in progress, nowhere near realiz ing the potential of its billion-plus population. Its gross domestic product last year was, according to the official measure, $420 billion — no more than that of southern California. China remains primarily a nation of farmers, and the transition to an industrial free market is much like the traffic on Highway 204— unpredictable. Few state-owned firms have been sold, and most are laggard behemoths. Growth is driven by new joint ventures, collectives and private businesses, which now account for more than 50 per cent of China’s industrial production.VI. Now, some Western experts are predicting that China could become the world’s dominant economy early in the 21st century. Many economists believe a standard estimate of China’s per capita gross national product ($370) is already two to three times too low. And former World Bank chief economist Larry Summers recently argued that China could surpass both Japan and the United States to become the world’s largest economy by 2020.VI.Barter endured for thousands of years as the primary means of trade. Colonial powers forced bilateral barter upon their client states, making the colonies take expensive manufactured goods in return for bargain-price raw materials, and prohibiting them from trading with other nations. International trade was supposed to be freed from bartering’s constraints in July 1944, when diplomats and economists attended the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire.52. Last year China’s trade surplus surged, buoyed by exports of toys, textiles and consumer electronics, Itstrade surplus with the United States hit a record $18 billion. Only Japan’s was larger. With the U.S.Congress due to consider the renewal of China’s most-favored nation trade status in June, officials in Beijing fear the trade imbalance could surpass human rights as a source of U.S. opposition to preferred status for China. “The trade surplus itself will be the No. 1 problem this year,” says one Chinese official.“After Japan, we will be first in line for retaliation. ”Ⅵ.The local Arabic press has given full coverage to the council’s debates and to a series of informal majlis discussions held weekly during Ramadan. In the latter, the issues of youth unemployment, drugs, the role of women and the size of the immigrant population were freely discussed. However, observers say Western-style democracy is not on the political agenda as the majlis system enjoys legitimacy and appears well-suited to the tribal traditions of Gulf society.52.But while the reasons for throwing 19 areas and cities open to foreign investment and technology transferare clear, how the preferential systems will operate is not. This is due largely to the intensity of competition among the 19, coupled with the inexperience of most local authorities both in making decisions and in dealing with the outside world. However, there are important differences between the SEZs and the coastal cities and even among the coastal cities themselves.Ⅵ.The relationship between trade and the environment is the thorniest of all.The difficulty facing rule- makers is this:the benefits of trade depend on the assumption that relative prices in different countries reflect differences in factors of production, productivity and so on. However, if one firm is polluting freely while another bears the cost of cleaning up its pollution, then relative costs will fail to reflect these differences, and trade that looks desirable may not be.。
2021年10月自考00096外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案含评分标准
绝密★启用前2021年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试外刊经贸知识选读试题答案及评分参考(课程代码 00096)一㊁单项选择题:本大题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分㊂1.A2.C3.B4.D5.B6.A7.B8.C9.D10.C 11.B12.A13.B14.C15.D二㊁判断题:本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分㊂16.B17.A18.B19.B20.A 21.A22.B23.A24.A25.B三㊁将下列中文词组译成英文:本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分㊂26.national income27.profit remittance28.fair29.futures trade30.quota31.supermarket32.market forces33.trade sanctions34.distributor35.executive四㊁将下列英语单词或词组译中文:本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分㊂36.最惠国待遇自考押题vx344647公众号顺通考试资料37.外汇储备38.贴现率39.强权行为,高压行为40.税额优惠,减税41.产地证明书42.基准尺度43.服务贸易44.独家经销合同45.推销商品外刊经贸知识选读试题答案及评分参考第1页(共2页)五㊁简答题:本大题共6小题,每小题3分,共18分㊂46. better”implies that they had already had things like radios,but expected to have betterones(like those with new function)47.In the given context the meaning of sales is quantities to be sold.48.If Gu Mu’s statement is understood in the word⁃for⁃word way.49.The other problems of the round.50.To adjudicate(to make an official decision about who is right in a disagreement between twogroups or organizations)51.To consider fully.六㊁翻译题:本大题12分㊂52.中国贸易的商品细分显示,1982年燃料占出口总额的24%,食品占13%,纺织纤维和矿物矿石占7%,制成品(最重要的产品是纺织品㊁化学品和机械和运输设备)占55%㊂自中华人民共和国成立以来,为了加强工业部门,大力强调进口资本设备㊂但1982年进口的主要类别是食品,占总进口的22%,轻工业品占20%,机械和运输设备占17%㊂ 可以肯定的是,中国的贸易扩张并不顺利㊂今年(1995年),北京通过解决版权和专利保护纠纷,避免了美国的制裁㊂中国将不会加入世贸组织,除非它进一步开放市场以达到全球标准㊂外刊经贸知识选读试题答案及评分参考第2页(共2页)。
(全新整理)7月全国自考外刊经贸知识选读试卷及答案解析
全国2018年7月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096请将所有答案写在答题纸相应的位置上，否则不计分。
一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在答题纸相应的位置上。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. If current population trends continue and states do not improve the education of all racial groups, the skills of the workforce and the incomes of U.S. residents are projected to decline over the next two decades.A. fallB. defineC. increaseD. deliver2. But the company also continues to work in Michigan, including assembling land for retail projects in Commerce Township.A. associatingB. contributingC. appreciatingD. collecting3. The emergence of new products in the global navigation market is growing so fast that today’s $100 CD-ROM navigation package will be out of date in six months.A. efficiencyB. appearanceC. exerciseD. arrangement4. Discover real practical information that shows you how to manifest your desires.A. manageB. accelerateC. demonstrateD. implement5. A slump in share prices has made life difficult for public companies.A. slumB. dropC. pick-upD. contract6. Divergent creative processes like biological evolution always involve tradeoffs between diversity and concentration.A. DifferentB. Absurd1C. FragileD. Explicit7. Just as in the stock market, there is opportunity for power-management advances in rough economic times, despite a darkening forecast for many power management devices themselves.A. coarseB. evidentC. excessD. difficult8. Trade Minister Mark Vaile today announced a new taskforce designed to help Australian companies deal with business opportunities in the United States.A. reckonB. argueC. tackleD. dispute9. My point in explaining this is not necessarily to discourage developers from creating them.A. compoundB. dissuadeC. evaporateD. persuade10. Henry was sure the future of the auto industry was in a low-priced car for the general public.A. automatB. automationC. autobicycleD. automobile11. Managers who seek growth at a reasonable price try to strike a balance between strong earnings and good value.A. fairB. seasonableC. supremeD. predictable12. The bank found that from the 1709 postcode districts in England and Wales, 757 (44%) had average detached property prices above the IHT threshold for the new tax year.A. dischargedB. disguisedC. separatedD. exerted13. If you are a new learner at a participating organization you must register to create your own username and password and gain access to the site.A. haveB. makeC. takeD. save14. Garlic mashed potatoes were served perfectly whipped and full of flavor, but the chopped carrots, drenched in cinnamon, brown sugar and a brandy glaze, were very sweet and sugary and did not complement the rest of the meal.2A. sodaB. tasteC. syrupD. bubble15. Customs procedures should, on the basis of compliance on the part of firms, be simplified, facilitating trade for firms.A. sortingB. gradingC. easingD. shipping二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16. GA TT17. portfolio investment18. debt restructuring19. countervailing duty20. glut of supplies21. barrier-free market22. invisible account23. preferential tax rate24. economic heavy weight25. fledgling industries三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26. 中国出口商品交易会27. 硬通货28. 剩余劳动力29. 试销30. 直接投资31. 资本货物32. 国际收支33. 强硬政策34. 合资企业35. 技术转让四、简答题（本大题共6小题，每小题3分，共18分）3Passage 1Having spent years fattening up its leading companies, South Korea is now forcing them to slim down. On Jan. 18th the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy announced that the country’ s top 30 chaebols would do as the government had asked and concentrate on their core businesses. The ten largest chaebols were allowed to name three sectors each, the next 20 to name two sectors.The government claims it has three clear aims: to encourage competition and foster small businesses; to wrest power from the old industrial dynasties and hand it over to professional managers; and, above all, to stem the “octopus-like growth”of the chaebols into unrelated areas.36. In what way did the government require the chaebols to slim down?37. What does “octopus-like growth”mean here?38. Among the three aims of the government order, which is the most important?Passage 2In the first half of the 1980s, it was conventional wisdom to say that the exceptional strength of the dollar was partly responsible for—and helped to offset—the increasing weakness of dollar denominated commodity prices. All other things being equal, so the argument went, a subsequent fall in the dollar might be expected to give a compensating boost to dollar commodity prices.39. What do “all other things” mainly refer to?40. What was the “fall in the dollar” subsequent to?41. Why should the “boost” hav e been a compensating one?五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）Passage 1In 1958, two young college students, brothers Frank and Dan Carney, opened the first Pizza Hut restaurant in Kansas, USA with US $ 600. The Carney brothers found that there was a great potential in franchises, so they decided to use that as a foundation for their business. A year later, the first Pizza Hut franchise store opened.In 1977, Pizza Hut became a subsidiary of PepsiCo., Inc. Through mergers and acquisitions, as well as organic growth, Pizza Hut has secured a prominent position in the market.Today, franchises and joint venture partnerships account for more than half of the Pizza Hut system’ s total units. Following the opening of the first international restaurant in Canada in 1968,4Pizza Hut restaurants quickly appeared in Mexico, South America, Australia, Europe, the Far East and Africa. The red roof was introduced as the company logo which was soon to become world famous as an easily recognized guarantee of crispy pizza, delicious pasta and friendly service in a pleasant atmosphere.Pizza Hut, a division of Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc., is now the world’ s largest pizza restaurant company with more than 8,000 units in the United States and more than 4,000 units in over 90 countries and territories. The company is the recognized leader in the $25 billion pizza category worldwide. It has more than 250,000 employees worldwide, providing more than 1.7 million pizzas to more than 4 million customers each day.42. Franchise has brought about the spread of Pizza Hut worldwide not only at the beginning of its business but also at present.43. Now Pizza Hut is a subsidiary of PepsiCo., Inc.44. The red roof of Pizza Hut is a symbol of good pizza and good service.45. Four million customers around the world have pizza each day.46. The company makes a total profit of $25 billion each year.Passage 2The term market and marketing can have several meanings depending upon how they are used. The term stock market refers to the buying and selling of shares in corporations as well as other activities related to stock trading and pricing. Another type of market is a grocery market, which is a place where people purchase food. When economists use the word market they mean a set of forces or conditions that determine the price of a product, such as the supply available for sale and the demand for it by consumers. The term marketing in business includes all of these meanings, and more.In the past, the concept of marketing emphasized sales. The manufacturer made a product he wanted to sell. Marketing was the task of figuring out how to sell the product. Basically, selling the product would be accomplished by sales promotion, which included advertising and personal selling. In addition to sales promotion, marketing also involved the physical distribution of the product to the places where it was actually sold. Distribution consisted of transportation, storage, and related services such as financing, standardization and grading, and the related risks.The modern marketing concept includes all of the activities mentioned, but it is based on a5different set of principles. It suggests that production can be economically justified only by consumption. In other words, goods should be produced only if they can be sold. Therefore, the producer should consider who is going to buy the product or what the market for the product is—before production begins.Marketing now involves first deciding what the customer wants, and designing and producing a product that satisfies these wants at a profit to the company. Instead of concentrating solely on production, the company must consider the desires of the consumer, and this is much more difficult since it involves human behavior. Production, on the other hand, is mostly an engineering problem.Because products are often marketed internationally, distribution has increased in importance. Goods must be at the place where the customer needs them and must be brought there. This is known as place utility; it adds value to a product. However, many markets are separated from the place of production, which means that often both raw materials and finished products must be transported to the points where they are needed.Modern marketing is therefore a coordinated system of many business activities, but basically it involves four things: 1. selling the correct product at the proper place; 2. selling it at a price determined by demand; 3. satisfying a customer’ s needs and wants; and 4. producing a profit for the economy.47. When different economists use the wor d “marketing”, they mean different things.48. Marketing is a bigger concept than market.49. One characteristic of traditional marketing is that demand is considered before production.50. Modern marketing is much more than making a product and thinking about how to sell it.51. Distribution is a basic activity of modern marketing.六、翻译题（本大题12分）52. But some economists stressed the risks that a more aggressive U.S. policy poses. C. Fred Bergsten, director of the Institute for International Economists and a prominent member of the free-trade establishment, said he saw little evidence for a strategy, except for “a willingness to listen to protectionist appeals”from the automobile, semi conductor, steel and energy industries, among others, and a desire to mollify these industries’powerful congressional protectors.6。
自考00096外刊经贸知识选读-翻译题
第一章1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country's industrialization programme | which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。
2. The growth of foreign trade was distrupted again during the Cultural Revolution when agricultural | and industrial production fell sharply and transportation constraints became more serious.在文化大革命期间，外贸的增长又一次被打断了。
当时农业和工业生产急剧下降，运输管制变的更严重。
3. Exports grew much faster than imports during this period | not only because of the strong emphasis placed on exporting by China's economic planners, but also because a number of industrial projects were postponed in1979. Official recognition (that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy)has caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978, placing undue strain on the national economy.在这个时期，出口增长要快于进口增长不仅是由于中国经济计划者着重强调出口，也是因为大多工业项目在1979年被推迟了。
2018年4月00096外刊经贸知识选读真题及答案
一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其选出并将答题卡（纸）的相应代码涂黑。
错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。
1. The pattern of China's foreign trade has changed substantially since China opened to the outside world.A. considerablyB. partiallyC. scarcelyD. suddenly2. The sophistication of the industrial structure needs the support of advanced technology.A. buildingB. upgradeC. completionD. reform3. A number of countries in the EU are confronted with debt problems.A. angryB. disappointedC. concernedD. faced4. By opening the district to foreign investments，competition was introduced into its economy.A. exclusiveB. recommendedC. broughtD. imposed5. If an enterprise is within the zone，it will enjoy a preferential tax rate.A. highB. favoredC. lowD. free6. American industry was booming by the autumn of 1942.A. flourishingB. diminishingC. decreasingD. changing7. A surplus of exports over imports will boost employment.A. influenceB. harmC. promoteD. dampen8.Increase in China's growth rate helped to sustain high rate of growth in the East Asian region.A. createB. getC. pushD. maintain9. Government procurement of recycled paper stimulates recycling.A. spendingB. purchasingC. supportingD. propaganda10. As Europe's economy has soured，free-market ideas face new challenges.A. developedB. changedC. worsenedD. grown11. What the community had completed was the legal framework，but not the blueprint for how the single market would actually work.A. stepB. planC. wayD. goal12. In 1992，China ousted the US to become the second largest exporter to the emirate.A. followedB. caughtC. expelledD. replaced13. The draft agreement contains many sensible new rules for global trade.A. concludesB. includesC. excludesD. continues14. Unstable crude prices prompted falls in platinum and gold.A. SteadyB. UnsuitableC. UnbearableD. Unsteady15. This year the company hiked Sprite's advertising budget to $40 million.A. roseB. slashedC. raisedD. reduced二、判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）判断下列各题，在答题纸相应位置正确的涂“A”，错误的涂“B”。
000961504 外刊经贸知识选读
2015年4月全国高等教育自学考试《外刊经贸知识选读》试题课程代码：00096一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分)1. China's auto industry is switching gears despite sluggish sales in recent months.（ A ）A. inactiveB. aggregateC. cyclicalD. easing2. The greatest risk for China this year is external, as the European debt crisis is likely to deteriorate, causing further pains for Chinese exporters. （ A ）A.,worsenB. tackleC. supportD. imagine3. Chinese companies completed 110 overseas merger and acquisition deals in 2011. （C ）A. deficitB. profitC. combinationD. balance4. The company outbid five other competitors, including German multinational E. ON and Brazilian power generators Eletrobras and Cemig. （C ）A. overgoB. outgoC. outdoD. overdoS. The summit of the Group of Eight (G8), a bloc formed 26 years ago, apparently is becoming a laggard model to tackle new world challenges. （ D ）A. shriftB. frigidC. formidableD. slothful6. The contrasts formed by China's surging economy and its depressed stock market of the past few years prompted them to absorb Chinese stocks at low prices. （B ）A. perspiringB. risingC. jockeyingD. descending7. The two governments will sign a joint statement on establishing a strategic partnership between the two countries, which will become a guideline document for bilateral relations. （ B ）A. pronouncedB. two-sidedC. stated-ownedD. removed8. Apple gives suppliers a very iow profit margin, which makes suppliers lack incentive and resources to improve workers' welfare and factory environment. （D ）A. strategyB. contributorC. fundD. motivator9. The US manufacturing beef market over the past couple of weeks has had more of a bearish undertone, clue in part to higher stocks of frozen boneless beef. （ C ）A. a detailed planB. a strong foundationC. an underlying tendencyD. an organized system10. It was a time that China was looking for experts from home and abroad to support its impending entry into the WTO. （A ）A. upcomingB. subtleC. devastatingD. temperate11. The usually bustling streets of Tokyo are eerily empty this week, and the economy is even less vigorous than in 1995. （B ）A. narrowB. livelyC. primitiveD. competitive12. Steel inventories are growing in the US, partly due to a slowdown in auto manufacturing, and the trend is spawning worries of an oversupply. （C ）A. demandsB. qualitiesC. commodities offered for saleD. current market prices13. While the report took its toll on Chinese tire-makers, it has flung open the door for European and US tire companies, many of whom had previously concentrated only on their own markets. （ B ）A. gave incentives toB. caused losses toC. took advantage ofD. kept track of15. The 12th Five-Year Plan will see to it that the seven strategic emerging industries attract large amounts of private capital and let the real economy flourish. （ C ）A. make profitsB. remain stableC. grow vigorouslyD. be efficient15. Spending on public works was slashed by 8.1 percent to $ 56 billion in the draft budget from fiscal year 2012. （ A ）A. cutB. dividedC. increasedD. estimated二、将下列英语单词或词组译成中文(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)16. hard currency 硬通货17. workers' remittance 工人侨汇18. leverage 举债经营19. profit-remittance 利润汇款20. means of production 生产资料21. futures 期货交易22. domestic agent 国内代理23. auction 拍卖24. bank guarantee 银行担保25. franchise 特许专营权三、将下列汉语词组译成英文(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)26．对等贸易countertrade27．商会chamber of commerce28．贸易逆差Trade deficit29．关税税率tariff30．欧洲经济共同体European Economic Community31．无形贸易收支invisible account32．易货贸易barter33．转让人licenser34．零售商retailer35．行政部门civil service四、简答题(本大题共6小题，每小题3分，共18分)Passage 1The trouble is, many countries still think of opening their markets to more imports as a concession to be made reluctantly, not (as economists see it) as something that is good for them in its own right. Even America and the European Union, which have led the push for open markets, still shelter parts of their economies for fear of hurting workers in coddled industries.Globalization has aroused worries in many rich countries that free trade with much poorer countries threatens jobs and prosperity. This was plain in last year's debate in the United States and Mexico, was viewed bymany Americans as their loss and Mexico's gain. The idea that trade is desirable only if it happens among countries with similar wages dies hard.36. What do economists think of opening markets to more imports?Something that is good for the countries in its own right.37. Why do America and the European Union still shelter parts of their economies?For fear of hurting workers in coddled industries.38. How did many Americans view last year's debate in the United States and Mexico?America's loss and Mexico's gain.Passage 2Once, when Japan faced pressure from abroad, it would either give in reluctantly or keep quiet and hope that the fuss would die down. No longer, it seems. The Clinton administration strongly believes in exerting such pressure. Its policy is to open some Japanese markets by setting import targets -an approach to trade policy that supporters call "results-oriented" This ugly term foreshadows uncertain consequences. Far from capitulating to this new thrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead to a trans-Pacific confrontation.39. What's the meaning of "that the fuss would die down"?the problem would be over.40. What is the meaning of "approach"?the way41. What is the meaning of "consequences"?the results五、正误判断题。
2020年10月00096外刊经贸知识选读真题及答案
一、单项选择题：本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其选出并将答题卡（纸）的相应代码涂黑。
错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。
1. Whenever there is shortage of any specific goods，we'll replace by other goods with equivalent value.A. sameB. extraC. highD. low2. The slump in consumer confidence has created panic in the stock market.A. slow-downB. go-aheadC. drop-offD. speed-up3. The progress in European integration provides a solid underpinning for Europe's future development.A. theoryB. criticC. explanationD. basis4. Our country will achieve a state of law and order that we all aspire to.A. learn fromB. long forC. start upD. cope with5. If those systems are of high quality，your business will have an edge on the competitors.A. advantageB. pressureC. threatD. border6. Our economic relationship with China adds $2,400 per annum to every household through exports and investment.A. forevery shareB. for every yearC. for everyoneD. for every country7. We drew lessons from other countries about risk management in the wake of the financial crisis last year.A. betweenB. afterC. beforeD. during8. The American goverment avoided a direct confrontation with China on the currency issue.A. negotiationB. contactC. compromiseD. fight9. During the process of globalization，the enterprises should take measures to reduce the pollical risks.A. accountB. sizesC. actionsD. care10. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce is supporting the efforts of some U.S. lawmakers to end the trade embargo on Cuba.A. relationB. freedomC. prohibitionD. dispute11. Some politicians accuse the U.S. of deliberately wrecking such agreement.A. supportingB. destroyingC. opposingD. pushing12. Officials in China are urging eligible couples to have two children because of concerns over an ageing population.A. qualifiedB. urbanC. powerfulD. wealthy13. China's average tariff level has dropped to 5% now as the country fulfills its commitments to the WTO.A. outputB. employmentC. salaryD. tax14. For the past ten years，Japan has been virtually at a standstill while a number of countries promoted bilateral economic partnerships.A. prosperityB. stagnationC. deteriorationD. stability15. We believe the reduction should be easily offset by the unexpected increase in investment growth.A. increasedB. cutC. maintainedD. compensated二、判断题：本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。
外刊经贸知识选读 翻译题
一、翻译题：1 p30In fact, shantou among the SEZs, and some of the 14 coastal cities plus Hainan are not even equipped with administrative support or infrastructure to cope wit h the responsibilities which the central government has placed on them. 事实上，经济特区中的汕头，14个沿海城市中的一些城市，再加上海南岛，甚至不具备履行中央政府授予的职责所需的行政支持或基础设施。
2、p31 But while the reasons for throwing 19 areas and cities open to foreign investment and technology transfer are clear, how the preferential systemswill operate in not. 尽管为外资和技术转让而开放19个区域和城市的原因是显而易见的，但是优惠体制将怎样操作却无从知道。
3、P 63Clearly, China’s economy is a work in progress, nowhere near realizing the potential of its billion-plus population.显而易见，中国的经济正处于进展中，距离发挥其10多亿人口的潜力还很遥远。
4、p134 An insistence that Europe and Japan create a “level playing field” for trade by agreeing to give U.S. exports the same access to their markets as foreign companies receive in the United States.坚持要求欧洲和日本实行“公平贸易”，即美国出口企业应能以外国企业进入美国市场的同等条件进入欧日市场。
2012年4月全国自考外刊经贸知识选读试题00096
全国2012年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. There’s not much prospect of Mr Smith’s being elected as Congressman. ( )A. abilityB. possibilityC. capabilityD. specialty2. The Islamic Development Bank (IDB) is to pay out $356 million for project financing and trade operations. ( )A. disburseB. displayC. demonstrateD. distribute3. China has the most dynamic economy in the world today. ( )A. motiveB. passiveC. activeD. massive4. The expert argued that China could surpass both Japan and the United States to become the world largest economy in 2020. ( )A. expendB. extendC. expandD. exceed5. His robust strength was a counterpoise to the disease. ( )A. vigorousB. excessiveC. moderateD. lackluster6. There is an amazing amount of economic friction up and down the real estate industry.( ) A. flash B. clashC. brushD. crash7. It is evident that China’s economy is one of the fastest growing in the world. ( )A. cleanB. flatC. clearD. dour8. The Government Printing Office provides free public access to full-text federal documents.( ) A. excess B. exitC. extraD. entry9. The news slowly passed through to everyone in the office. ( )A. filteredB. rivetedC. formedD. delved10. The only sour note has been struck by new energy tax proposals in the US and the EC.( ) A. introductions B. destinationsC. accommodationsD. suggestions11. US protectionist measures helped wreck the world economy in the 1930s. ( )A. diminishB. deliverC. destroyD. detatch12. Make-up experts steer girls toward light colors, fragrances. ( )A. tendB. guideC. endureD. strain13. The advertisement itself will pull your attention and immediately you will feel that you need it for your lifestyle. ( )A. segmentB. trademarkC. reformulationD. commercial14. The Chinese, who constitute 95 per cent of Hong Kong’s population, prefer brown eggs over white. ( )A. composeB. competeC. combineD. compile15. Generally, the first stage in the extraction of crude oil is to drill a well into the underground reservoir. ( )A. grimB. strictC. rawD. severe二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16. exclusive contract 17. current account18. clearing agreement 19. per capita income20. barrier-free market 21. carbon tax22. real estate 23. test market24. intellectual property right 25. business cycle三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26. 供应过剩27. 收盘价28. 初级产品29. 市场份额30. 双边条约31. 产地证明书32. 中国出口商品交易会33. 资本货物34. 优先权35. 直接投资四、简答题（本大题共6小题，共18分）Passage 1In 1961, when Gen. Park Chung Hee seized power in a military coup, yearly per capita income hovered at a bare-bones $100. Park committed Korea to exporting its way out of poverty, and his strategy was as simple as it was effective: shower the country’s fledging conglomerates with huge subsidies, government-based loans and official favors and turn them into the world’s suppliers of bargain-basement textiles, footwear and light industrial goods.The results have been dazzling. For two decades, Korea has sizzled along at an 8 per cent annual growth rate. Exports have surged from $119 million in 1964 to $29 billion last year. Per capita income, now $2,000, could reach $5,000 by the end of the century. Korea boasts a literacy rate of 95 per cent, a standard met by only a few of the most advanced Western nations. The once provincial capital of Seoul teems with energy and sophistication.36. What do “hover”and “bare-bones”mean in the passage?37. Which countries in the world besides Korea have a literacy rate of 95 per cent?38. In what sense is the underlined word “sophistication” used here? What might it refer to specifically and what does it have to do with energy?Passage 2International trade by barter is, in fact, an inefficient and expensive means of doing businesscompared to trading with money. Observes David Yoffie, “To cover the additional costs it incurs in handling goods it is forced to take in countertrade, a multinational company simply boosts the price of the goods it sells.” Yoffie sees countertrade as a form of protectionism. “It can help one group and hurt another,” he says.On the other hand, Daniel Cecchin, director of Countertrade Services for Bank America World Trade Corp., asserts that the rise of countertrade provides practical solutions to the debt problems of the international monetary system.39. What is the meaning of “barter” in its traditional f orm?40. In what sense is countertrade seen as a form of protectionism?41. According to Cecchin, what is the benefit of countertrade?五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）Passage 1The term “quality” is one of the most misused in the business world. What exac tly does it mean? Our grandparents would have been in no doubt. Quality meant excellence: a thing was the best of its kind, and that was that. In business, however, the word has acquired a very different meaning: consistency, a lack of defects.Around 1970, it is said, a group of investment analysts visited a world-famous UK engineering company. They asked the questions of their trade: about profit margins, stock control and balance sheets. The company’s executives did not see the point of all this. Their products were the finest in the world. Why all these detailed questions about numbers?Rolls Royce, the company in question, duly went bust in 1973. The trouble with old-style quality was that it encouraged supply-driven management. The engineers would make the product to the highest possible standard and price it accordingly. If the public was so uncultured that they turned it down, so much the worse for the public. It was all very well for artists to produce masterpieces. The job of companies was to please the market.Quality has a third meaning: that of value for money. To qualify for that meaning, a product must be of certain standard; and it should convey a sense, not of outright cheapness, but of being sold at a fair price.The US fast f oods group McDonald’s, for instance, talks of its ‘high quality food’. But at 99c or 99p, its hamburgers are as close to absolute cheapness as any person in the developed worldcould desire. They are also highly consistent. Eat a McDonald’s anywhere around the world and the results will be roughly similar. But as anyone who has eaten a really good American hamburger knows, a McDonald’s is also a long way from quality in its original sense.42. Quality used to mean that a product was well-made and high-priced. ( )43. Nowadays, quality means consistency and cheap price. ( )44. The investment analysts who visited a UK engineering company were from Rolls Royce.( )45. Companies should learn from artists and produce masterpieces. ( )46. T he writer thinks that McDonald’s hamburgers are not worth the money. ( )Passage 2The numbers are surprising: millions of people getting off poverty in a generation, billions of dollars in wealth created every year. In the past two decades, two out of five Indonesians escaped poverty. Asian exports went from less than one-seventh of the world total to almost 30%. No wonder people call it the Asian Economic Miracle. But to the workers and 14-hour-a-day entrepreneurs, it was nothing magical. Just plain hard work, business sense, a taste for risks, and a bit of luck.Today, China, Japan, India, Indonesia and South Korea are among the world’s 12 largest economies. High-profile Asian businesses like Toyota, Samsung, Hongkong Bank and Singapore Airlines are now also global giants. And the growth formula of enterprise, investment and exports has crossed borders and waters. China and other socialist economies of Asia are following the trail blazed by Japan, the newly industrialized countries (NICs) and ASEAN.Now Asia is re-inventing the miracle. The affluent middle class created by the boom is taking over from exports as the main engine of growth. Also adding to the thrust is infrastructure spending to support future expansion. Asian investment and trade are developing new markets and production centers right inside Asia. Japan and the NICs are passing labor-intensive sectors like garment-making over to less developed nations and moving into advanced technology and services.Greater wealth has brought a down side. Many Asians have abandoned their traditional diets for many types of fat-laden foods. So, in addition to becoming taller, they are also becoming fatter. And they are growing more susceptible to diseases such as diabetes. Bad eating habits combinedwith stress have made cancer, heart disease and strokes into major killers.47. The workers and entrepreneurs in Asia work 14 hours a day. ( )48. The economic development modes of the Asian countries are very different. ( )49. The two driving forces of the new cycle of development in Asia are the rich middle class and infrastructure spending. ( )50. The newly-industrialized countries are moving away from the labor-intensive sweatshops to the computer-aided workplaces. ( )51. One of the next challenges Asia will face is to cope with the down side of wealth. ( )六、翻译题（本大题12分）52. Once, when Japan faced pressure from abroad, it would either give in reluctantly or keep quiet and hope that the fuss would die down. No longer, it seems. The Clinton administration strongly believes in exerting such pressure. Its policy is to open some Japanese markets by setting import target—an approach to trade policy that supporters call “results-oriented”. This ugly term foreshadows uncertain consequences. Far from capitulating to this new thrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead to a trans-Pacific confrontation.。
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第一章1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country's industrialization programme | which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。
2. The growth of foreign trade was distrupted again during the Cultural Revolution when agricultural | and industrial production fell sharply and transportation constraints became m ore serious.在文化大革命期间，外贸的增长又一次被打断了。
当时农业和工业生产急剧下降，运输管制变的更严重。
3. Exports grew much faster than imports during this period | not only because o f the strong emphasis placed on exporting by China's economic planners, but also because a number of industrial projects were postponed in1979. Official recognition (that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy)has caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978, placing undue strain on the national economy.在这个时期，出口增长要快于进口增长不仅是由于中国经济计划者着重强调出口，也是因为大多工业项目在1979年被推迟了。
官方承认外国技术能够在中国经济的现代化化中起重大作用，这导致了1978年中国的进口增加了50%以上，从而给国民经济带来了重压。
4. Chinese official stress the importance of introducing advanced technology to domestic industry, but the need is for technology of varying degrees o f sophistication, not necessarily for advanced technology as that term is understood in the West.中国官员强调为国内工业引进先进技术的重要性，但是需要的是各种程度不同的精尖技术，而不是像西方国家理解的先进技术。
5. There are no official statistics covering the invisible account of the balance of payments,but the size of the visible trade surplus during 1981-1983and a pronounced increase in earnings from tourism suggest t hat the current account has been in surplus over the past few years.没有官方的统计资料涉及无形贸易收支，但在1981-1983年期间的有形贸易顺差的大小和旅游赢利的显著增长表明了经常项目在过去几年里有盈余。
6. Goods are produced according to a sample provided by the customer,while strong encouragement i s given to compensation trade whereby a foreign seller supplies raw materials and equipment and receives manufactured goods, produced by the equipment provided,in return .Compensation trade differs from barter or counter-trade insofar as there is a direct link between the equipment supplied from abroad and the manufactured product. Assembly manufacturing began in 1978 and particular forms of foreign trade are eligible for exemption from customs duties and taxation.根据顾客提供的样品来生产产品，同时强烈鼓励补偿贸易。
由此国外的供应商提供原材料和设备并收到由其提供的设备生产出来的制成品作为回报。
补偿贸易在某种程度上不同于易货贸易和反向贸易，在国外提供的设备和制成品中有直接的联系。
来件组装始于1978年，特殊的对外贸易形式有资格免除关税和其他税收。
7. The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China,s determination to introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets. The authorities do not consider it appropriate to incur large amounts of external debt until a numberof practical bottlenecks in the economy, such as an inadequate transport network and energy constraints, have been tackled.许多发展中国家面对的债务问题使中国在引进外国技术时下了这样的决心：采用直接投资和优惠付款方式融资，而不是在国际资本市场筹集大额的资金。
在经济中的许多实际瓶颈，如运输网络的不足和能源缺乏被克服以前，官方认为招来大笔外债的做法是不妥当的。
第二章1.A clearly confident China has rolled up a large section of its bamboo curtain, declared itselfopen to the outside world” and hung signs on nearly all its cities inviting foreign investors to come and do serious business.明显地，满怀信心的中国卷起了大部分的竹幕，并宣布向外部世界开放，打出邀请外国投资者来它所有的城市投资项目的招牌。
2.The literally, this does not make more sense as the parts of the coast which have not been opened” are simply not ready for the demands of foreign businessman.从字面上来理解，这没有太大的意义，由于部分沿海城市还没有为外商的需求做好准备。
3.In the SEZs, which are being built almost from scratch, foreigners can invest in anythingwhich the state deems useful for the country, be it, for example, production of goods for exportor construction of private-housing estates.在一切几乎从零开始的经济特区，只要中国政府认为对国家有益，外国人可对任何项目进行投资，例如出口货物的生产或私人住宅的房地产开发。
4.So, while comprehensive framework for the country“s modernization has been p the central committee”s 21 October 1984 decision to reform the economic structure, it will be some time before the dust settles and local authorities and foreign investors can deal with oneanother in a systematic way.因此，虽然中央委员会1984年10月21日的改革经济结构的决定为该国的现代化提供了一个综合的框架，但要等尘埃落定、要等地方政府与外国投资者能有条不紊的打交道却还需要一段时间。
5.Stock-taking of the open policy will come later this year when the National People,sCongress discusses t he seventh five-year plan, which will run to the end of the decade.评估开放政策将在这年迟一些到来，在全国人民代表大会讨论第七个五年计划，到10年末将进行。