2020高考全国卷阅读理解专项训练说明文六篇(生态环保类)(含答案)

2020高考全国卷

阅读理解专项训练说明文六篇（生态环保类）

1

Sea ice is drifting(漂移) faster in the Arctic —which means polar bears need to walk farther to stay in their native range.

Polar bears spend most of their time wandering the sea ice in search of seals. And seals spend most of their time underneath that ice, avoiding the top predator(捕食者). But climate change is giving polar bears additional challenges in their searches for food.

“Sea ice is now drifting faster,” George Durner, a research zoologist said. He and colleagues compared sea ice conditions from 1987 to 1998 with those from 1999 to 2013. “And what we found was ice drift at the locations used by polar bears increased 30% in the Beaufort sea and 37% in the Chukchi sea.” That’s a problem because polar bears are homebodies — they prefer to stay in a specific range. “Throughout their range, they seem to have a sense of place. And here we have a situation where the general pattern of ice drift is westward, so to remain in their traditional range, it means they have to constantly be walking eastward to adapt to that westward drift.”

The result: a large number of polar bears walk on the treadmill(跑步机). And all that walking requires extra fuel. On average, a single bear eats between 31 and 33 seals per year. But the changeable consequence of the treadmill effect means they have to eat on average one to three more. George Durner and some other scientists agree that increased Arctic sea ice drift makes adult female polar bears’ movements and energies change.

And not only is the ice drifting faster, it’s also melting more, giving the bears less of the platform(平台). They use to pursue their prey. So they need more seals and will have a tougher time tracking them. All of this puts polar bears on a slippery slope. But maybe they keep expecting more trouble while growing up.

32. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?

A. George Durner collected the data by himself.

B. Polar bears always change their living range.

C. The research was carried out by making comparisons.

D. Ice drift at the places where polar bears live increased by 7%.

33. On average, how many seals does a bear eat at least half a year after climate change?

A. 13.

B. 16.

C. 31.

D. 32.

34. How does the author find the polar bears’ situation?

A. Interesting.

B. Confusing.

C. Surprising.

D. Worrying.

35. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. Ice is melting more and drifting faster.

B. More seals are walking eastward.

C. The polar bears prefer to 1ive in the same place.

D. Climate change affects polar bears’ survival.

2

On July 10-12, 2017, a huge iceberg(冰山) named A-68 broke free from Antarctica’s Larsen C Ice Shelf. The crack(裂痕) that led to the separation was observable in 1963. However, the crack remained inactive for decades before suddenly spreading northwards and widening by 18 miles between 2011 and 2015 and then an additional 13 miles in 2016.

Iceberg separation is not a natural part of a glacier’s(冰川) life cycle but a result of global warming. However, the separation of A-68 is receiving a lot of attention due to its size. Measuring 5,800 square kilometers, the A-68 has reduced the Larsen C Ice Shelf area by more than 12%.

“The interesting thing is what happens next, how the remaining ice shelf responds,” said Kelly Brunt, who has studied the effects of the warming climate on the Larsen C Ice Shelf since 2015.“Many people may ask, ‘Will the ice shelf weaken? Or will it fall down, like its neighbors Larsen A and B? Will the glaciers behind the ice shelf speed up and have a direct contribution to sea level rise?’ I think answers may be not that terrible.”

Ice shelves, which border 75% of the Antarctic Peninsula, form from snow that became ice thousands of years ago. They are found where glaciers meet the ocean and the weather is cold enough to keep the ice frozen. The icy structures are natural barriers against the water melting from glaciers, which can lead to rising sea levels.

The Larsen Ice Shelf once consists of four parts: Larsen A (the smallest), Larsen B, Larsen C (the largest) and Larsen D. While scientists will continue to monitor A-68 and its parent, many believe it’ll take several years before Larsen C breaks down further. “The remaining 90% of the ice shelf continues to be held in place by two points,” said Chris Shuman, a glaciologist. “So I just don’t see any signs that this event will lead to the falling down of the Larsen C Ice Shelf. But we will be watching closely for signs of further changes.”

28. Why did A-68 iceberg separation become a heated topic?

A. Its effect was terrible.

B. It was about global warming.

C. Its size was very huge.

D. It means a glacier’s life cycle.

29. What is Kelly Brunt’s attitude towards the A-68 iceberg separation?

A. Positive.

B. Doubtful.

C. Uninterested.

D. Worried.

30. Why are icy structures so important according to Paragraph 4?

A. They help keep the weather cool.

B. They help control the sea levels.

C. They make water turn into the glaciers.