大学生物专业英语lesson-two
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2024/10/26
How light energy reaches photosynthetic cells 光合细胞如何吸收光能的
Glossary
absorption spectrum:吸收光 谱
1
6
Photosyste m:光系统
Carotenoid: 类胡萝卜素
2 5
Aggregatio n:集合体、 聚合
激活色素分子的光能象进入 漏斗一样被转移到直接参与 光合作用的反应中心叶绿素 分子中。
Most photosynthetic organisms possess two types of reaction-center chlorophylls, P680 and P700, each associated with an electron acceptor molecule and an electron donor molecule.
2
在光合作用的光反应中,当捕光分子回到基态时,额外的激 发能被转移到其它分子中并且以化学能的形式贮存.
All photosynthetic organisms contain various classes of chlorophylls and one or more carotenoid pigments that also contribute to photosynthesis. 所有的光合生物都含有各种类型的叶绿素和一种或多种与 光合作用相关的类胡萝卜素分子(光合作用的辅助色素) 。 Groups of pigment molecules called antenna complexes are present on thylakoids. 天线色素分子群(称作天线复合体的色素分子群)存在于 类囊20体24/中10。/26
反应开始时,水被分解,氧被释放并提供电子。
These electrons are accepted first by plastiquinone and then by a series of carries as they descend an electron transport chain.
电子沿着电子传递链,首先传递给质体醌,然后通过一 系列载体。(电子首先传递给质体醌,然后通过一系列载体形 成的电子传递链。 )
202X
Lesson Two Photosynthesi 单击此处添加正文具体内容
2024/10/26
教学目的:使学生掌握细胞的光合作用机理,光合系统 Ⅰ与光合系统Ⅱ结构与功能之间的关系。相关英语词汇 以及主要用法。
教学重点:光合作用中相关的概念和功能,及相关英语 词汇的掌握
教学难点:专业英语词汇的记忆
大多数光合生物含有两个反应中心叶绿素分子,P680和 P700,每个都与电子受体和电子供体相连。
These aggregations are known respectively as photosystem I (P700) and photosystem II (P680).
这些集合体分别是大家熟知的光系统Ⅰ和光系统Ⅱ 。
Glossary
0
0
1
2
Photosynthe sis n.光合作用
Chlorophyll n.叶绿素
0
0
3
4
Protist n.原生 生物
Exergonic a. 放能的
0
0
5
6
Endergonic a. 吸能的
Chloroplast n.叶绿体
0 7
Thylakoid n. 类囊体
2024/10/26
植物细胞中的叶绿素可以吸收特定吸收光谱中的光子。
When light is absorbed it alters the arrangement of electrons in the absorbing molecule. 在吸收光能时,光可以改变捕光分子中的电子排列。
The added energy of the photon boosts the energy condition of the molecule from a stable state to a less-stable excited state. 光子的能量激活了分子的能量状态,使其从基态(稳定态) 进入激发态(不稳定的)。
These reactions must take place in the presence of light energy.
此反应必须在存在光能的条件下发生。
2024/10/26
In the second set, called light-independent reactions, CO2 is reduced (via the addition of H atoms) to carbohydrate. 第二步,称暗反应,二氧化碳被还原成碳水化合物。
Light striking any one of the pigment molecules is funneled to a special chlorophyll a molecule, termed a reaction-center chlorophylls, which directly participates in photosynthesis。
01
photorespiration n.[生化]光呼吸(作用)
02
Anatomy n.剖析, 解剖学
03 04
arid adj.干旱的, 贫瘠的(土地等), 无趣的, 沉闷的
lessen v.减少, 减轻
01
The photosystems of the lightdependent reactions are responsible for the packaging of light energy in the chemical compounds ATP and NADPH.
These chemical events rely on the electron carrier NADPH and ATP generated by the first set of reactions. 这步反应依赖于由第一步反应产生的电子载体NADPH以及 ATP。
Both sets of reactions take place in chloroplasts. 两步反应都发生在叶绿体中。 Most of the enzymes and pigments for the light-dependent reactions are embedded in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. 光反应需要的大部分酶和色素都是包埋在叶绿体的类囊体膜上。 The dark reactions take place in the stroma. 暗反应发生在基质中。
生物分子能捕获可见光谱中光子的能量。
The pigment chlorophyll in plant cells absorbs photons within a particular absorption spectrum—a statement of the amount of light absorbed by chlorophyll at different wavelengths.
The lightdependent reaction: converting solar energy into chemical-bond energy
1
光反应:太阳能转化 成化学能
2
Cleave v.裂开、劈开 Plastiquinone n.质醌 Ferredoxin n.[生化]铁氧化还原蛋白 Coenzyme 辅酶 Photophosphorylation 光合磷酸化 noncyclic photophosphorylation 非 环形光合磷酸化 ribulose biphosphate 核酮糖二磷酸 carboxylase ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้. 羧(基)酶, 羧化酶
2024/10/26
Overall, it is a process that converts light energy into chemical energy that is stored in the form of molecular bonds.
总体来说,这是一个将光能转化成化学能,并将能 量贮存在分子键中。
From the point of view of chemistry and energetics, it is the opposite of cellular respiration.
○ 从化学和热力学(动能学)角度来看,它是细胞呼吸作用的逆反应
Whereas cellular respiration is highly exergonic and releases energy, photosynthesis requires energy and is highly endergonic.
02
当光激活光系统Ⅱ的光 反应中心时,该转化过 程是通过一系列的氧化 还原反应来实现的。 (当光激活光系统Ⅱ的 光反应中心时,通过一 系列的氧化还原反应实 现能量的传递(前一句 中packaging,传递能 量)。 )
In this initial event water molecules are cleaved, oxgen is released, and electrons are donated.
In the first set, called the light-dependent reactions, water molecules are split (oxidized), O2 is released, and ATP and NADPH are formed.
第一步,称光反应,水分子裂解(分解)(被氧化),氧分子被释放, ATP和NADPH形成。
Antenna:天 线、触角
3 4
Funnel:漏 斗、烟窗
The energy in light photons in the visible part of the spectrum can be captured by biological molecules to do constructive work.
Introduction
Photosynthesis occurs only in the chlorophyllcontaining cells of green plants, algae, and certain protists and bacteria. 光合作用只发生在含有叶绿素的绿色植物细胞,藻 类,某些原生生物和细菌之中。
○ 但是细胞呼吸作用是高度放能的,光合作用是需要能量的,并且是高度吸能的过程。
Photosynthesis starts with CO2 and H2O as raw materials and proceeds through two sets of partial reactions.
光合作用以二氧化碳和水为原材料并经历两步化学反应。
02
光反应的光系统将光能 转化成化合物(化学复 合 物 ) AT P 和 N A D P H 。
01
This packaging takes place through a series of oxidationreduction reactions set in motion when light strikes the P680 reaction center in photosystem II.
During the light-dependent reactions of
1
photosynthesis, as the absorbing molecule returns to the ground state, the “excess” excitation energy is transmitted to other molecular and stored as chemical energy.
How light energy reaches photosynthetic cells 光合细胞如何吸收光能的
Glossary
absorption spectrum:吸收光 谱
1
6
Photosyste m:光系统
Carotenoid: 类胡萝卜素
2 5
Aggregatio n:集合体、 聚合
激活色素分子的光能象进入 漏斗一样被转移到直接参与 光合作用的反应中心叶绿素 分子中。
Most photosynthetic organisms possess two types of reaction-center chlorophylls, P680 and P700, each associated with an electron acceptor molecule and an electron donor molecule.
2
在光合作用的光反应中,当捕光分子回到基态时,额外的激 发能被转移到其它分子中并且以化学能的形式贮存.
All photosynthetic organisms contain various classes of chlorophylls and one or more carotenoid pigments that also contribute to photosynthesis. 所有的光合生物都含有各种类型的叶绿素和一种或多种与 光合作用相关的类胡萝卜素分子(光合作用的辅助色素) 。 Groups of pigment molecules called antenna complexes are present on thylakoids. 天线色素分子群(称作天线复合体的色素分子群)存在于 类囊20体24/中10。/26
反应开始时,水被分解,氧被释放并提供电子。
These electrons are accepted first by plastiquinone and then by a series of carries as they descend an electron transport chain.
电子沿着电子传递链,首先传递给质体醌,然后通过一 系列载体。(电子首先传递给质体醌,然后通过一系列载体形 成的电子传递链。 )
202X
Lesson Two Photosynthesi 单击此处添加正文具体内容
2024/10/26
教学目的:使学生掌握细胞的光合作用机理,光合系统 Ⅰ与光合系统Ⅱ结构与功能之间的关系。相关英语词汇 以及主要用法。
教学重点:光合作用中相关的概念和功能,及相关英语 词汇的掌握
教学难点:专业英语词汇的记忆
大多数光合生物含有两个反应中心叶绿素分子,P680和 P700,每个都与电子受体和电子供体相连。
These aggregations are known respectively as photosystem I (P700) and photosystem II (P680).
这些集合体分别是大家熟知的光系统Ⅰ和光系统Ⅱ 。
Glossary
0
0
1
2
Photosynthe sis n.光合作用
Chlorophyll n.叶绿素
0
0
3
4
Protist n.原生 生物
Exergonic a. 放能的
0
0
5
6
Endergonic a. 吸能的
Chloroplast n.叶绿体
0 7
Thylakoid n. 类囊体
2024/10/26
植物细胞中的叶绿素可以吸收特定吸收光谱中的光子。
When light is absorbed it alters the arrangement of electrons in the absorbing molecule. 在吸收光能时,光可以改变捕光分子中的电子排列。
The added energy of the photon boosts the energy condition of the molecule from a stable state to a less-stable excited state. 光子的能量激活了分子的能量状态,使其从基态(稳定态) 进入激发态(不稳定的)。
These reactions must take place in the presence of light energy.
此反应必须在存在光能的条件下发生。
2024/10/26
In the second set, called light-independent reactions, CO2 is reduced (via the addition of H atoms) to carbohydrate. 第二步,称暗反应,二氧化碳被还原成碳水化合物。
Light striking any one of the pigment molecules is funneled to a special chlorophyll a molecule, termed a reaction-center chlorophylls, which directly participates in photosynthesis。
01
photorespiration n.[生化]光呼吸(作用)
02
Anatomy n.剖析, 解剖学
03 04
arid adj.干旱的, 贫瘠的(土地等), 无趣的, 沉闷的
lessen v.减少, 减轻
01
The photosystems of the lightdependent reactions are responsible for the packaging of light energy in the chemical compounds ATP and NADPH.
These chemical events rely on the electron carrier NADPH and ATP generated by the first set of reactions. 这步反应依赖于由第一步反应产生的电子载体NADPH以及 ATP。
Both sets of reactions take place in chloroplasts. 两步反应都发生在叶绿体中。 Most of the enzymes and pigments for the light-dependent reactions are embedded in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. 光反应需要的大部分酶和色素都是包埋在叶绿体的类囊体膜上。 The dark reactions take place in the stroma. 暗反应发生在基质中。
生物分子能捕获可见光谱中光子的能量。
The pigment chlorophyll in plant cells absorbs photons within a particular absorption spectrum—a statement of the amount of light absorbed by chlorophyll at different wavelengths.
The lightdependent reaction: converting solar energy into chemical-bond energy
1
光反应:太阳能转化 成化学能
2
Cleave v.裂开、劈开 Plastiquinone n.质醌 Ferredoxin n.[生化]铁氧化还原蛋白 Coenzyme 辅酶 Photophosphorylation 光合磷酸化 noncyclic photophosphorylation 非 环形光合磷酸化 ribulose biphosphate 核酮糖二磷酸 carboxylase ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้. 羧(基)酶, 羧化酶
2024/10/26
Overall, it is a process that converts light energy into chemical energy that is stored in the form of molecular bonds.
总体来说,这是一个将光能转化成化学能,并将能 量贮存在分子键中。
From the point of view of chemistry and energetics, it is the opposite of cellular respiration.
○ 从化学和热力学(动能学)角度来看,它是细胞呼吸作用的逆反应
Whereas cellular respiration is highly exergonic and releases energy, photosynthesis requires energy and is highly endergonic.
02
当光激活光系统Ⅱ的光 反应中心时,该转化过 程是通过一系列的氧化 还原反应来实现的。 (当光激活光系统Ⅱ的 光反应中心时,通过一 系列的氧化还原反应实 现能量的传递(前一句 中packaging,传递能 量)。 )
In this initial event water molecules are cleaved, oxgen is released, and electrons are donated.
In the first set, called the light-dependent reactions, water molecules are split (oxidized), O2 is released, and ATP and NADPH are formed.
第一步,称光反应,水分子裂解(分解)(被氧化),氧分子被释放, ATP和NADPH形成。
Antenna:天 线、触角
3 4
Funnel:漏 斗、烟窗
The energy in light photons in the visible part of the spectrum can be captured by biological molecules to do constructive work.
Introduction
Photosynthesis occurs only in the chlorophyllcontaining cells of green plants, algae, and certain protists and bacteria. 光合作用只发生在含有叶绿素的绿色植物细胞,藻 类,某些原生生物和细菌之中。
○ 但是细胞呼吸作用是高度放能的,光合作用是需要能量的,并且是高度吸能的过程。
Photosynthesis starts with CO2 and H2O as raw materials and proceeds through two sets of partial reactions.
光合作用以二氧化碳和水为原材料并经历两步化学反应。
02
光反应的光系统将光能 转化成化合物(化学复 合 物 ) AT P 和 N A D P H 。
01
This packaging takes place through a series of oxidationreduction reactions set in motion when light strikes the P680 reaction center in photosystem II.
During the light-dependent reactions of
1
photosynthesis, as the absorbing molecule returns to the ground state, the “excess” excitation energy is transmitted to other molecular and stored as chemical energy.