中学教师资格认定考试(初级英语学科知识与教学能力)模拟试卷56(

中学教师资格认定考试（初级英语学科知识与教学能力）模拟试卷
56(题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. 单项选择题 2. 简答题 3. 教学情境分析题 4. 教学设计题 5. 阅读理解
单项选择题
1．The sound of “h” in the word “house” is a______.
A．voiced dental and affricative
B．voiced dental and fricative
C．voiceless and affricative
D．voiceless and glottal
正确答案：D
解析：考查语音学知识。

house音标为[haus]，“h”在“house”中的发音为声带不振动(voiceless)的喉音(glottal)摩擦音(fricative)。

voiced浊音的，带声的；dental齿音；affricative塞擦音的。

故本题选D。

2．All the back vowels in English are pronounced with rounded-lips,i. e. rounded,EXCEPT______.
A．[a:]
B．[:]
C．[u:]
D．[u]
正确答案：A
解析：考查语音学知识。

按发音时的唇形可将元音分为圆唇音(rounded vowels)和非圆唇音(unrounded vowels)。

圆唇音包括[：]，[]，[u：]，[u]；非圆唇元音包括[i：]，[i]，[e]，[]，[a：]，[∧]，[3：]，[]；本题中选项A中的[a：]是非圆唇音，其余选项均为圆唇音。

故本题选A。

3．My old neighbor Tom felt______ after his children moved out.
A．lonely
B．safely
C．angrily
D．happily
正确答案：A
解析：考查词义辨析。

句意：Tom的孩子们都搬走了之后，他感觉很孤独。

lonely是形容词，表示“孤独”；safely是副词，表示“安全地”；angrily是副词，表示“生气地”；happily是副词，表示“高兴地”。

Feel在此处是系动词，需要
加形容词作表语；而且根据句意，A项更合适。

故本题选A。

4．Although Lucas agrees with me on most points, there was one on which he was unwilling to______.
A．give out
B．give in
C．give away
D．give off
正确答案：B
解析：考查动词短语辨析。

句意：虽然卢卡斯在很多事上赞同我，但是有一点她不愿妥协。

give out表示“分发，用尽”；give in表示“屈服，让步”；give away 表示“赠送，泄漏”；give off表示“散发”。

根据句意，B项符合。

故本题选B。

5．Everybody was touched______words after they heard her moving story.
A．without
B．beyond
C．against
D．despite
正确答案：B
解析：考查介词。

句意：听到她的感人故事之后，每个人感动得无法用语言来形容。

without表示“没有”；beyond表示“超越”；against表示“反对”；despite 表示“尽管”。

beyond words表示“在言语之外、无法形容”，即不能用言语来表达。

故本题选B。

6．This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere______many others are short of.
A．where
B．when
C．that
D．what
正确答案：C
解析：考查定语从句。

句意：这个饭店有着其他很多饭店没有的像家一样的氛围。

先行词是an inviting，homelike atmosphere；定语从句中many others are short of后面缺少宾语，所以用关系代词that引导定语从句。

故本题选C。

7．______to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human bodies.
A．Having exposed
B．Being exposed
C．To expose
D．Exposed
正确答案：B
解析：考查非谓语动词。

句意：暴露于核辐射中甚至很短时间都会影响人体的基因。

该句中的谓语是may influence，even for a short time是插入语，“______to nuclear radiation”是主语，be exposed to表示“暴露于”，过去分词不可以直接充当主语，故用动名词being exposed to。

故本题选B。

8．—Mary has made great progress recently. —______, and______.
A．So she has: so you have
B．So she has: so have you
C．So has she: so have you
D．So has she: so you have
正确答案：B
解析：考查倒装句。

句意：“玛丽最近进步很大”“她的确如此，你也是”。

So+主语+助动词(情态动词或连系动词)表示“某人的确是”；so+助动词(情态动词或连系动词)+另一主语表示“某人也是”。

故本题选B。

9．The utterance “We’re already working for 25 hours a day, eight days a week”obviously violates the maxim of______.
A．quality
B．quantity
C．relation
D．manner
正确答案：A
解析：考查语用学会话原则。

“每天工作25小时，每周工作8天”的表述很明显与事实不想符合，说的是假话，违反了质量原则。

数量准则(Quantity Maxim)是指说话人所说的话包含交谈所需要的信息，且不应超出所需要的信息；关系准则(Relation Maxim)是指说话要有关联、切题；方式准则(Manner Maxim)是指要避免晦涩、歧义；简明扼要及井井有条。

故本题选A。

10．What rhetoric device is used in the sentence “Dudley Field Malone called my conviction a victorious defeat?
A．Synecdoche
B．Simile
C．Metaphor
D．Oxymoron
正确答案：D
解析：考查修辞学。

矛盾修辞是指用两种不相调和甚至截然相反的特征来形容一件事，以便收到奇异的修辞效果。

此处“胜利的失败”便是矛盾修辞的用法。

提喻(Synecdoche)又称举隅法，主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指部分，或以抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象：明喻(Simile)是以两种具有共同特征的事物
或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系，两者都在对比中出现；暗喻(Metaphor)是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征，用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。

故本题选D。

11．When learners think about their own learning and what their own needs are and try to do things themselves to learn more, they are taking an______in their learning.
A．active role
B．passive role
C．participant roles
D．leading role
正确答案：A
解析：考查学生角色。

学生自我求知，在学习中是积极的角色。

故本题选A。

12．When a teacher uses formal and informal assessment and information on learners’progress during a course to give learners feedback on their learning or to change their teaching, he uses the______.
A．Continuous assessment
B．Formative assessment
C．Diagnostic assessment
D．Formal assessment
正确答案：B
解析：考查教学评价。

形成性评价指在教学过程中为了获得有关学习的反馈信息，对学生所学知识掌握程度所进行的系统评价，反映学生的进步情况，促进学生的学习积极性，帮助教师改进教学；诊断性评价(Diagnostic assessment)也称“教学性评价”，一般是指在某项教学活动开始之前对学生的知识、技能以及情感等状况进行的预测。

故本题选B。

13．To quickly think of ideas about a topic and also possibly note them down. ______often done as preparation before a writing or speaking activity: e. g. before learners write a description of their city, they make a list of all the positive and negative adjectives they know to describe places.
A．Filling the blanks
B．True or false
C．Brainstorm
D．Match
正确答案：C
解析：考查课堂活动。

头脑风暴通常作为口语或写作的准备活动，帮助学生拓展思维，复习知识。

故本题选C。

14．To repeat a phrase, sentence, rhyme, verse, poem or song, usually with others,
in a regular rhythm. Teachers use______to practise pronunciation and to help learners remember vocabulary.
A．role play
B．quick response
C．guessing game
D．chants
正确答案：D
解析：考查教学活动。

以规则的节奏重复短语、句子、韵律、诗句、诗歌或歌曲所指的课堂活动是chant。

故本题选D。

15．It is a piece of information that helps someone to find the answer to a problem: for example, a teacher could give the first letter of a word he/she is trying to elicit as a______ to learners to help them find the word.
A．question
B．clue
C．answer
D．justification
正确答案：B
解析：考查教学方法。

线索(clue)是帮助学生找到答案的提示信息。

故本题选B。

16．____is a classroom activity in which learners need to talk or write to other learners to complete the activity, e. g. a role play.
A．Communicative activity
B．Non-communicative activity
C．Drill
D．Controlled activity
正确答案：A
解析：考查课堂活动。

学习者需要和其他学习者交流共同完成的活动，如角色表演。

A项表示“交际性活动”；B项表示“非交际性活动”；C项表示“有系统的重复练习”：D项表示“控制性练习”。

故本题选A。

17．An activity which involves the learners writing down what the teacher reads aloud. Learners can also write down what another learner reads aloud. It helps learners to practise listening, writing and spelling. Which the activity is?
A．reading
B．reciting
C．dictation
D．retelling
正确答案：C
解析：考查听力教学。

听写(dictation)就是学习者写下听到的内容，可以训练学习者的听、写作以及拼写的能力。

A项表示“阅读”；B项表示“背诵”；D 项表示“复述”均不符合题意。

故本题选C。

18．When a teacher thinks that some learners know a piece of language or other information, he/she asks targeted questions or gives clues to get or prompt them to give the target language or information rather than simply providing it to the class her/himself. Which of the following teaching technique does he use?
A．Eliciting
B．Asking
C．Predicting
D．Correcting
正确答案：A
解析：考查课堂教学实施与评价。

教师给学生提示引导学生获得目标语言而不是直接传授是采用了启发引导(eliciting)的方式。

B项表示“提问”；C项表示“预测”；D项表示“纠正”；均不符合题意。

故本题选A。

19．______is a mistake that a learner makes when trying to say or write something above their level of language or language processing
A．Learning disability
B．Difficulty
C．Error
D．Confusion
正确答案：C
解析：考查错误类型。

语误(error)是学习者在试图说或写一些超出他们的语言或语言处理水平的东西时犯的错误。

A项表示“学习障碍”；B项表示“困难”；D项表示“困惑”；均不符合题意。

故本题选C。

20．After a test, or at a certain point in the course, teachers might give learners______on how well they are doing.
A．demand
B．praise
C．criticism
D．feedback
正确答案：D
解析：考查教学反馈。

测试结束教师会就学生的表现进行反馈(feedback)。

故本题选D。

简答题
21．简述设计具体任务时应遵循的原则(3分)，任务与练习或者活动的区别
(8分)，列举任务设计的类型(9分)。

正确答案：1．在课堂教学中，“任务”的设计应遵循：兴趣性原则、真实性原则、可操作性原则和运用性原则。

2．任务与传统的“练习”(exercise)或通常意义上的“活动”(activity)有如下区别：(1)任务具有目的性。

“目的”具有两重性，一是任务本身所包含的非教学目的，二是任务设计者所期望任务参与者达到的教学目的，而练习通常只具有教学目的；(2)任务通常会产生非语言性结果，而练习总是产生语言性结果；(3)任务具有开放性。

完成任务的途径，包括应用的语言是可选择的、不固定的、非限制性的；(4)任务具有交际性或互动性。

任务通常是集体性和合作性活动，任务的履行通常以交际或互动的方式进行，这种互动可以是学生与学生之间、学生与教师之间、学生与输入材料之间的双边或多边互动。

3．任务设计的类型有如下几个：(1)交际性任务。

在英语教学中可采用模拟性交际，假设情景，学生运用所学内容进行对话交流；(2)调查型任务。

在英语课堂中设置调查任务能给学生带来学习运用语言的强烈动力；(3)合作型任务。

合作型任务设计有助于培养学生之间的合作精神，有助于因材施教，可以弥补教师难以面向有差异的众多学生教学的不足，从而真正实现每个学生的发展；
(4)总结型任务。

总结型任务运用所学语言总结陈述自己的观点，开展活动时可以根据观点的不同进行分组表述论辩，看谁的语言表达最丰富明确；(5)问题解决型任务。

要求学生根据自己的知识和推理能力．用英语解决现实生活中现存的或可能会遇到的问题；(6)分享个人经验型任务。

比如说，旅游之后学生可以跟同学谈谈途中所看、所听、所想。

植树之后，可以请他们谈谈植树的意义，都是分享个人经验型任务；(7)创造型任务。

创造型任务是由两人小组或多人小组合作完成的。

它包括列表、排序与分类、对比和解决问题等类型的任务。

此类任务一般要求学生课外完成；(8)列举型任务。

围绕所学内容，按照一定的顺序，列出有关的任务，让学生来完成。

教学情境分析题
22．下面片段选自某初中英语课堂教学实录。

Topic: Spring Festival Step 1 T: What do you know about some festivals? S1: Children’s Day.S2: Teacher’s Day.T: What is the most important festival in China? S3: Spring Festival.T: What do people usually do to get ready for Spring Festival? 通过问题，引出本课的相关短语。

1. The students match the phrases with the pictures and read them after the teacher.2. The teacher sets an example: She’s cooking the meal. The students use completed sentences to describe the pictures.Step 2 Listen and answers T. What are Lingling and her family doing? Where’s Lingling’s father? T: Talk about some pictures, using the patterns, “Is she (doing)? /What are they doing?” The students work in groups, and then act out in the front.T: What are they doing? S: They are cooking the meal.T: What is she doing? S: She is cleaning the house.…T: What do you usually do during the Spring Festival? (拓展练习) 请根据该教学片段回答下面三个问题：(1)该教师的教学有哪些优点?写出两个即可。

(10分) (2)该教师的教学有哪些缺点?(10分) (3)请给出合理的改进建议。

(10分)
正确答案：1．优点：(1)基本完成了教学任务，该教师通过与学生讨论相关节日的名称，引出了春节这一话题；并且围绕春节习俗引导学生完成了短语以及句型的学习；(2)合理运用教学资源，教师为了实现短语及句型的教授任务，借助图片引导学生运用看图说话的学习策略，培养学生说的技能。

2．缺点：(1)与说的技能培养相关的环节情境任务枯燥，难以激发学生的学习兴趣。

(2)问题设计缺乏开放性，影响了学生的学习动机；问题未与学生的生活实际相联系，教师更多是为了完成教学任务而进行的提问；(3)教学环节过多的侧重于机械性的操练，语言知识的迁移性运用没有得到切实的体现，缺少语言运用活动。

3．改进建议：(1)在春节话题的导入阶段，首先设置开放性问题，激发学生的学习动机；
(2)教师组织学生结合自身的生活经验以小组协作的方式完成主要习俗介绍；(3)教师根据学生对春节习俗的认知情况展示相关图片，并在此环节中对学生的讨论结果进行修正和补充，完成短语教学并进行强化。

(4)在机械性操练的基础上，教师可以引导学生进行补全句子或者补全对话的运用性练习。

教学设计题
23．设计任务：请阅读下面学生信息和语言素材，设计20分钟的英语阅读教学设计，该方案没有固定的格式，但需包含下列要点：- teaching objectives - teaching contents - key and difficult points - major steps and time allocation - activities and justifications 教学时间：20分钟学生情况：某城镇普通中学初中二年级(八年级)学生，班级人数40人，多数学生已经达到《义务教育英语课程标准(2011年版)》三年级水平。

学生课堂积极性一般。

语言素材：Fishing with birds Wang Damin is a fisherman. Although he is over 65, he is very fit and still enjoys working.Damin uses cormorants to catch fish. Cormorants are large black birds. They are good at catching fish because they can swim well. They can dive down and stay under the water for up to two minutes.Damin usually sets off in the late afternoon and gets the cormorants ready for work. First, he ties a piece of grass around their necks to stop them from eating big fish. Then when Damin’s boat reaches the right place in the river, he pushes them into the river. Damin uses several ways to attract fish. During the day, he jumps up and down on his boat. After dark, he hangs a light on a post at the front of the boat. The cormorants bring the fish back to the boat. The fish are then taken and thrown into a big basket by Damin. No nets are required for this type of fishing.Cormorant fishing was once practiced in lots of places in South-East China, and there were many fishermen in the area. But today, few young people are interested in it. In 50years, perhaps there will be no more cormorant fishermen in the world.
正确答案：1. Teaching Contents:It is a passage about cormorant fishing. 2. Teaching Objectives:(1) Knowledge and skill objective:Students can get general information about how to fish with birds by reading the passage. (2) Process and method objective:Students can develop their reading abilities and grasp the main idea of each paragraph by skimming and the detail information by scanning. (3) Emotion, attitude and value objective:Students can enhance the sense of protecting our Chinese traditional skills. 3. Teaching Key and Difficult Points: (1) Teaching key
point:Students can familiar with the cormorant fishing and understand sentences in the passive voice. (2) Teaching difficult point:Students can express their own opinions.
4. Major Steps:Step 1: Warm-up (3mins)Lead in the topic by showing some pictures of different jobs and get students to guess the jobs. Justification:Arouse students’learning interest and lay the groundwork for the following activitiesStep 2: Pre-reading (3mins)1. Play a short video of fishing with birds. 2. Ask students what they can see in the video and talk about this kind of job. Justification:Students can get a general knowledge of fishing with birds, which is good for them to understand the whole passage in the following steps. Step 3: While-reading (8mins)1. Ask students to have a quick look at the passage and number the paragraph at the same time. Then, get the main idea of each paragraph. 2. Get students to read the passage in details and find out the information about a cormorant. 3. Have students to read the passage aloud in small groups and finish the exercise for correcting mistakes. Then check answers with their groupmates. Justification:Students can get the main idea and grasp the main idea of each paragraph by finishing the tasks. Step 4: Post-reading(5 mins)1. Set a situation for students: imagine you are Damin, teach your friends how to fish with birds. Ask them to sum up the scene by filling in the blanks with given phrases. 2. Work in small groups and try to retell the scene with phrases and pictures given. 3. Show some pictures of other Chinese traditional skills to arouse students’ interest and enhance their sense of protecting these skills. Justification:Students can express their opinions and improve their speaking ability. Step 5: Summary and homework (1 min)Write a short article describing an old person, like Damin, who has a traditional skill or job.
阅读理解
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago? In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5. 2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance: and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well--being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.The Jones - Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U. S. and France in 2005.In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per
person in France was only 60% as high as the U. S. , making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours: they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like: and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U. S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U. S. ‘s overstates the gap in economic welfare.Similar calculations can be used to compare the U. S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U. S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early - to - mid - 2000s, the U. S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U. S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones - Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi -dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.
24．What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau?
A．It is based on questionable statistics.
B．It reflects the economic changes.
C．It evidences the improved welfare.
D．It provides much food for thought.
正确答案：A
解析：考查细节理解题。

第二自然段第二句话“Unfortunately，that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful，but flawed and incomplete，statistic．”可知不幸的是，这一结论过于强调统计数据，而该数据虽有效，但有缺陷和不完整。

故它基于有问题的统计数据。

故本题选A。

25．What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method?
A．It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries.
B．It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary peopled livelihood.
C．It focuses on people’s consumption rather than their average income.
D．It is a more comprehensive measure of people’s economic well-being.
正确答案：D
解析：考查细节理解题。

根据文章第三自然段第二句话“While by no means perfect，it is consicleralbly more comprehensive than average income…life expectancy，and inequality．”可知它谈不上完美，但比平均收入作为唯一衡量指标要全面得多。

故本题选D。

26．What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U. S. in terms of real consumption per person?
A．It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies.
B．It neglected many important indicators of people’s welfare.
C．It covered up the differences between individual citizens.
D．It failed to count in their difference in natural resources.
正确答案：B
解析：考查观点态度题。

根据文章第五自然段第二句话“However，that comparison omits other relevant factors：leisure time，life expectancy，and economic inequality．”可知这种比较忽略闲暇时间、预期寿命和经济不平等因素。

B选项中neglected和important indicators分别与该句中omits和relevant factors对应。

故本题选B。

27．What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method?
A．It can accurately pinpoint a country’s current economic problems.
B．It can help to raise people’s awareness of their economic well-being.
C．It can diagnose the causes of a country’s slowing pace of economic improvement.
D．It can compare a country’s economic conditions between different periods of time.
正确答案：D
解析：考查细节理解题。

根据第七自然段首句“The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time．”可知琼斯和克勒诺提出的衡量标准也可以用来评估某个国家在某个时间段的经济业绩，这是该方法的一个优势。

故本题选D。

28．What can we infer from the passage about American people’s economic well-being?
A．It is much better than that of their European counterparts.
B．It has been on the decline ever since the turn of the century.
C．It has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau.
D．It has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-2000s.
正确答案：C
解析：考查推理判断题。

根据第七自然段最后三句可知：本世纪初到本世纪中期，美国的经济福祉比其它大国都要好。

自2007年以来，美国的经济福祉持续改善，然而改善的速度明显放缓。

虽然美国的经济福祉持续改善，但改善的速度明显放缓，这明显与美国人口普查局的报告有出入。

故本题选C。

Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, compared with their male
counterparts. Christopher Intagliata reports.As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring, and have better odds of being hired. Studies show they’re also perceived as more competent than women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. And new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, too.”Say, you know, this is the best student I’ve ever had,”says Kuheli Dutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia University’s Lamont campus. “Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter: ‘The candidate was productive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something that’s clearly solid praise, ’but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a kind. “Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1,200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral positions in geoscience. They were all edited for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowing the gender of the student. They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters, compared with their male counterparts. That includes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and women. The findings are in the journal Nature Geoscience.Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the data in the files. But she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers starting with those less than outstanding letters of recommendation.”We’re not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone consciously sexist. Rather, the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level. “ Which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves.
29．What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?
A．There are many more men applying than women.
B．Chances for women to get the positions are scarce.
C．More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.
D．Male applicants have more interest in these positions than their female counterparts.
正确答案：C
解析：考查细节理解题。

根据第一段第一句，和男性申请者相比，女性在申请地球科学博士后时获得优秀推荐信的几率大概是他们是一半。

也就是说，男性比女性更有可能获得优秀的推荐信。

故本题选C。

30．What do studies find about men and women in scientific research show?
A．Women engaged in postdoctoral work are quickly catching up.
B．Fewer women are applying for postdoctoral positions due to gender bias.
C．Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.
D．Women who are keenly interested in STEM fields are often exceptional.
正确答案：C
解析：考查推理判断题。

由第二段第二、三句可知，男性的起薪较高，能得到更多的指导，也有更大的受聘机率。

研究表明，在STEM领域，他们也被认为比女性更有能力。

由此可见，研究表明，在科研方面男性更擅长STEM学科。

C项中的be better able to excel是对more competent的同义转述。

故本题选C。

31．What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants?
A．They are hardly ever supported by concrete examples.
B．They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.
C．They provide objective information without exaggeration.
D．They are often filled with praise for exceptional applicants.
正确答案：B
解析：考查推理判断题。

文章第三段提到了优秀的推荐信与“还不错”的推荐信。

“还不错”的推荐信并没有让申请者从众多申请者中脱颖而出。

结合首段提到的女性获得优秀推荐信的机率大概是男性的一半这个研究结果，可以推断女性收到的往往不是优秀的推荐信，而是“还不错”的推荐信，这些推荐信没有包含使她们脱颖而出的内容。

故本题选B。

32．What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more than 1,200 letters of recommendation?
A．They asked unbiased scholars to evaluate them.
B．They invited women professionals to edit them.
C．They assigned them randomly to reviewers.
D．They deleted all information about gender.
正确答案：D
解析：考查细节理解题。

根据文章第四段首句，达特和同事们研究了1，200多封申请地球科学博士后的推荐信。

接下来一句指出，这些推荐信中有关性别和其他的识别信息被编辑，这样达特和她的团队在不知道学生性别的情况下为推荐信打分。

由此可见，达特和同事们删除了所有关于性别的信息。

故本题选D。

33．What does Dutt aim to do with her study?
A．Raise recommendation writers’ awareness of gender bias in their letters.
B．Open up fresh avenues for women post-doctors to join in research work.
C．Alert women researchers to all types of gender bias in the STEM disciplines.
D．Start a public discussion on how to raise women’s status in academic circles.
正确答案：A
解析：考查细节理解题。

根据最后一段，达特的研究目的是利用研究结果对隐含的性别偏见开启有意义的对话，无论是在部门层面，还是在制度层面，甚至
是在学科层面。

这可以给写推荐信的人提供一些建议。

由此可见，达特的研究是为了让写推荐信的人意识到他们在信中的性别偏见。

故本题选A。