合同翻译

合集下载

合同的翻译

合同的翻译

英文合同相关翻译对照Contract 与Agreement的有无区别在英语中,合同一般称为Contract,协议一般称为Agreement。

何谓“contract”?1999年中国《合同法》第二条对contract定义为:A contact in this Law refers to an agreement establishing, modifying and terminating the civil rights and obligations between subjects of equal footing, that is, between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations”。

根据这一定义,合同平等主体之间设立的确定民事权利和义务的协议。

,Steven H. Gifts编著的“Law Dictionary”中将contract 定义为“contract is a promise, or a set of promises, for breach of which the law gives remedy, or the performance of the which the law in some way recognize as a duty.”根据这一定义,合同是一种承诺,违反承诺可以得到法律救助,某种意义上法律将履行该承诺看做是一种补偿。

L.B Curzon 在其编撰的字典“A Dictionary of Law”给contract的定义:“Contract is a legally binding agreement”根据这一定义,合同就是有法律约束力的协议。

综合起来,有一个相同点,就是“Contract is an agreement”,即可将合同说成是“An agreement which binds the parties concerned”或者说合同说成是“An agreement which is enforceable by law”,也可以说:Contracts are promises that the law will enforce。

合同翻译(全)

合同翻译(全)
注释:
(1)this agreement is hereby made and entered into:特此订立本协议
在法律文件中表示“订立本协议”可用以下4个动词:sign (make, conclude or enter into) this agreement,按照同义词连用的写作特点,可用上述4个动词中的两个来表示)。
注释:
(1)hereby:特此
(2)hereinafter referred to as Party A:以下称甲方
(3)on the principle of equality and mutual benefit:在平等互利基础上
(4)through amicable consultation:通过友好协商
参考译文:
业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。
注释:
(1)hereby: by reason of this特此
(2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同
例2
Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, cover such legal entities and other organization as are engaged in foreign trade dealings.
参考译文:
仲裁员因回避或者其它原因不能履行职责的,应当依照本法规定重新选定或指定仲裁员。

合同翻译

合同翻译
a. May:在表示合同上的权利(Right)、权限(Power)或 特权(Privilege)的场合中使用。若表示某种权利在法律 上具有强制性的时候,更多的是“be entitled”。 b. Shall :在合同中并不是单纯的将来时,一般用它来表示 法律上可以强制执行的义务( Obligation )。如未履行, 即视为违约,并构成某种赔偿责任。所以,shall在译文里 ,通常表示“应该”或“必须”,当然,也有不翻译的 时候。例如:
3. 本文(Body)
定义条款 (Definition clause) 基本条款(Basic conditions) 一般条款(General terms and conditions) 合同有效期限 (Duration) 终止 (Termination) 不可抗力 (Force Majeure) 合同的让与 (Assignment) 仲裁 (Arbitration) 适用法律 (governing law) 诉讼管辖 (Jurisdiction) 通知手续 (Notice) 合同的修改 (Amendment) 其他 (Others)
c. Should:在合同中通常只用来表示语气较弱的假设, 多翻译成“万一”或“如果”,极少译成“应该”。
返回章重点 退出
多用专业词汇
Translate the following terms into Chinese.
1. joint venture 合资企业 2. competitive advantage 竞争优势 3. bid project 竞投项目 4. fulfill obligation 履行义务 5. 50/50 split 平摊
2)Party A shall repatriate the patient to China and bear the cost of his passage to Beijing. 甲方应将病人遣返中国,负责病人回到北京的旅费 (send back)。

合同翻译术语

合同翻译术语

合同翻译术语
合同翻译是一项需要高度专业知识和准确性的工作。

在合同翻译过程中,有许多术语需要准确翻译,以确保合同的合法性和有效性。

以下是一些常见的合同翻译术语范本,供参考:
1. 合同 Contract。

2. 条款 Clause。

3. 协议 Agreement。

4. 双方 Parties。

5. 法律适用 Governing Law。

6. 争议解决 Dispute Resolution。

7. 违约 Breach。

8. 保密协议 Confidentiality Agreement。

9. 赔偿 Indemnification。

10. 解除合同 Termination of Contract。

以上仅是一些合同翻译术语的范本,实际翻译过程中还需要根据具体合同内容和法律要求进行准确翻译。

如果您需要更多专业的合同翻译服务,欢迎咨询我们的专业合同范本专家团队。

合同翻译模板英文

合同翻译模板英文

合同翻译模板英文甲方(买方): [Party A (Buyer)]地址: [Address]联系电话: [Contact Number]乙方(卖方): [Party B (Seller)]地址: [Address]联系电话: [Contact Number]合同签订日期: [Date of Contract]合同签订地点: [Place of Contract]鉴于条款:1. 甲方希望购买乙方提供的商品/服务。

2. 乙方愿意按照本合同条款向甲方提供商品/服务。

商品/服务描述:- 名称:[Product/Service Name]- 规格:[Specifications]- 数量:[Quantity]- 单价:[Unit Price]- 总价:[Total Price]付款条款:- 付款方式:[Payment Method]- 付款时间:[Payment Time]- 付款条件:[Payment Terms]交货条款:- 交货时间:[Delivery Time]- 交货地点:[Delivery Place]- 交货方式:[Delivery Method]质量保证:- 乙方保证所提供的商品/服务符合合同规定的规格和质量标准。

- 如商品/服务存在质量问题,乙方应在[Time Frame]内负责更换或维修。

违约责任:- 如任何一方违反合同条款,应承担违约责任,并赔偿对方因此遭受的损失。

争议解决:- 双方因执行本合同产生的任何争议,应首先通过友好协商解决。

- 如协商不成,可提交至[Arbitration Institution]进行仲裁。

附加条款:[Additional Terms and Conditions]合同生效:本合同自双方签字盖章之日起生效。

甲方签字: [Party A Signature]乙方签字: [Party B Signature]日期: [Date]请注意,这只是一个模板,具体合同内容应根据实际情况和双方协商确定。

合同英文翻译

合同英文翻译

合同英文翻译通常是Contract或Agreement,具体翻译根据合同的类型和内容而有所不同。

以下是一些常见合同的英文翻译:
劳动合同- Employment Contract
购房合同- Property Purchase Contract
租房合同- Tenancy Agreement
婚姻协议- Prenuptial Agreement
借款合同- Loan Agreement
销售合同- Sales Contract
服务合同- Service Agreement
保密协议- Non-Disclosure Agreement
合资协议- Joint Venture Agreement
版权协议- Copyright Agreement
需要注意的是,不同类型的合同所使用的英文翻译可能会有所不同,同时也要根据具体的法律法规和国际惯例进行相应的调整。

因此,在翻译合同时,最好选择专业人士进行翻译和审核,以确保合同内容的准确性和法律效力。

合同名词翻译

合同名词翻译

合同名词翻译合同,也叫协议。

合同的名词解释是: contract of understanding(合同书),是指买卖双方为了明确在未来一定时期内相互权利和义务而达成的协议。

partnership合作;合伙;合股;合资;consanguineous agreement 双边协议;coordination合作的安排;arrangement安排;协议;协定;合同;agreement契约;understanding合意;理解;contract contract 协议;law合同法;合同法合同的名词解释是: contract of understanding(合同书),是指买卖双方为了明确在未来一定时期内相互权利和义务而达成的协议。

agreement contract合同;协定;合同;arrangement合作的安排;协议;terms约束;条款;规则《联合国宪章》(United Nations Charter)为代表的联合国会员国为促进国际间之友好关系及合作,保持国际和平及安全,增进各会员国间经济、社会、文化及福利之发展,为实现此宗旨之原则,经大会之建议及各会员国之同意所组织之国际组织。

《联合国宪章》(United Nations Charter)为代表的联合国会员国为促进国际间之友好关系及合作,保持国际和平及安全,增进各会员国间经济、社会、文化及福利之发展,为实现此宗旨之原则,经大会之建议及各会员国之同意所组织之国际组织。

合同的名词解释是: contract of understanding(合同书),是指买卖双方为了明确在未来一定时期内相互权利和义务而达成的协议。

《中华人民共和国合同法》是为了保护合同当事人的合法权益,维护社会经济秩序,促进社会主义现代化建设事业的发展而制定的。

于1999年3月15日由第九届全国人民代表大会第二次会议通过,自1999年10月1日起施行。

该法是在总结我国合同立法经验的基础上制定的,它是合同领域的一部基本法。

合同翻译参考(中英文).doc

合同翻译参考(中英文).doc

2002DATED [日期] [CONTRACT NAME][合同名称]-by and between-合同双方[PARTY A NAME]PARTY A[甲方名称]-and-与[PARTY B NAME]PARTY B[乙方名称]TABLE OF CONTENTPRELIMINARY STATEMENT1.DEFINITIONS2.[OPERATIVE CLAUSES]3.CONDITIONS PRECEDENT4.REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES5.TERM6.TERMINATION7.CONFIDENTIALITY8.BREACH OF CONTRACT9.FORCE MAJEURE10.SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES11.APPLICABLE LAW12.MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONSSCHEDULE A DEFINITIONS1、定义2、[具体操作条款]3、[如有必要,根据交易具体情况设定相应先决条件]4、陈述和担保[保证]5、合同期限6、合同终止7、保密义务8、违约9、不可抗力10、争议的解决11、适用法律12、其他规定THIS CONTRACT('"Contracf^is made in [city and province],China on this_day of ___________ ,200 by and between [Party A name],[Party A entity form] established and existing under the laws ofChina, with its legal address at [address] (hereinafter referred to as "Party A"), and [Party B name], [Party B entity form] organized and existing under the laws of [Party Bjurisdiction of incoporation] with its legal address at [address] (hereinafter referred to as "Party B"). Party A and Party B shall hereinafter be referred to individually as a "Party " and collectively as the "Parties".本合同于年月日由以下两方在[地点]签订:[甲方名称],一家根据中华人民共和国法律组建及存续的[甲方组织形式],法定地址为[甲方法定地址](以下简称“甲方”):[乙方名称],一家根据[乙方所在国]法律组建及存续的[乙方组织形式],法定地址为[乙方法定地址](以下简称“乙方”)。

中英文对照版合同翻译样本

中英文对照版合同翻译样本

1。

Sales AgreementThe agreement,(is)made in Beijing this eighth day of August 1993 by ABC Trading Co.,Ltd。

,a Chinese Corporation having its registered office at Beijing, the People’ Repubic of China(hereinafter called “Seller”)and International Trading Co., Ltd。

,a New York Corporationhaving its registered office at New York, N。

Y。

,U。

S。

A。

(hereinafter called “Buyer").2。

WITNESSETHWHEREAS, Seller is engaged in dealing of (product)and desires to sell (product)to Buyer,andWHEREAS,Buyer desires to purchase(product)from Sellers,Now,THEREFORE, it is agreed as follows:3.Export ContractThis Contract is entered into this 5th day of August 1993 between ABC and TradingCo。

, Ltd。

(hereinafter called “Seller") who agrees to sell, and XYZ TradingCo., Ltd。

(hereinafter called “Buyer") who agrees to buy the following goods onthe following terms and condition。

合同翻译

合同翻译

一、汉译英1.长期合同a long-term contract2.短期合同a short-term contract3.完成合同Completion of Contract4.期货合同Contract for Future Delivery5.订货合同Contract for Goods6.采购合同Contract for Purchase7.劳务合同Contract for Service8.劳动合同Labor Contract9.买卖合同(证书)contract note10.仲裁合同Contract of Arbitration11.运输合同Contract of Carriage12.客运合同Passenger Carriage Contract13.货运合同Cargo Carriage Contract14.技术合同Technology Contract15.技术开发合同Technology Development Contract16.技术转让合同Technology Transfer Contract17.技术咨询合同Technical Consulting Contract18.技术服务合同Technical Service Contract19.保管合同Safekeeping Contract20.仓储合同Warehousing Contract21.委托合同Agency Appointment Contract22.-行纪合同Trading-Trust Contract23.居间合同Brokerage Contract24.-多式联运合同Multi-modal Carriage Contract25.雇佣合同Contract of Employment26.保险合同Contract of Insurance27.销售合同Contract of Sale28.买卖合同Sales Contract29.供电、水、气、热合同Contract for Supply of Power, Water, Gas , Or Heat30.赠与合同Gift Contract31.借款合同Contract for Loan of Money32.租赁合同Leasing Contract33.融资租赁合同Leasing Contract34.承揽合同Contracts of Hired Work35.建设工程合同Contracts of Hired Work二、英译汉1.contract life 合同有效期2. a nice fat contract 一个很有利的合同3.an executor contract 尚待执行的合同4. a written contract书面合同5.breach of contract违反合同6.cancellation of contract撤消合同7.contract parties合同当事人8.contract period (or contract term) 合同期限9.contract price合约价格10.contract provisions/stipulations合同规定11.contract sales订约销售12.contract terms (or contract clause) 合同条款13.contract wages合同工资14.contract合同,订立合同15.contractor订约人,承包人16.contractual claim根据合同的债权17.contractual damage合同引起的损害18.contractual dispute合同上的争议19.contractual guarantee合同规定的担保20.contractual income合同收入21.contractual liability/obligation合同规定的义务22.contractual practice/usage合同惯例23.contractual specifications合同规定24.contractual terms & conditions合同条款和条件25.contractual合同的,契约的26.contractual-joint-venture合作经营,契约式联合经营27.copies of the contract合同副本28.originals of the contract合同正本29.execution of contract/performance of contract履行合同30.expiration of contract合同期满31.interpretation of contract解释合同32.renewal of contract合同的续订33. This contract is made in two originals that should be held by each party.此合同一式二份,由双方各持一正本。

中英对照合同翻译样本

中英对照合同翻译样本

中英对照合同翻译样本Sample Contract in Chinese and English合同编号:XXXXXContract No.: XXXXX甲方:(下称“甲方”)Party A: (hereinafter referred to as "Party A")地址:Address:法定代表人:__________Legal Representative: __________联系电话:Contact Number:乙方:(下称“乙方”)Party B: (hereinafter referred to as "Party B")地址:Address:法定代表人:__________Legal Representative: __________联系电话:Contact Number:鉴于双方彼此之间具有一定的协作、合作的需要,甲方与乙方遵循平等互惠、自愿协商、公平公正的原则,经友好协商,就本协议条款达成一致。

本协议内容具有合同效力。

Whereas Party A and Party B have the need for cooperation and mutual assistance, and both parties are committed to equal, voluntary, fair and just principles, and friendly consultations, the parties have reached an agreement on the terms of this Agreement. The contents of this Agreement shall constitute a legally binding contract.第一条甲方的权利、义务Article 1 Rights and Obligations of Party A1.1 甲方应按照合同约定保证产品的质量,对乙方在协作合作中遇到的问题给予及时解决。

中英文对照版合同翻译样本

中英文对照版合同翻译样本

1.Sales AgreementThe agreement,(is)made in Beijing this eighth day of August 1993 by ABC Trading Co., Ltd., a Chinese Corporation having its registered office at Beijing, the People’ Repubic of China (hereinafter called “Seller")and International Trading Co., Ltd。

, a New York Corporation having its registered office at New York,N.Y., U。

S。

A. (hereinafter called “Buyer”)。

2.WITNESSETHWHEREAS,Seller is engaged in dealing of (product) and desires to sell (product)to Buyer, andWHEREAS, Buyer desires to purchase(product) from Sellers,Now, THEREFORE, it is agreed as follows:3。

Export ContractThis Contract is entered into this 5th day of August 1993 between ABC and Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Seller”) who agrees to sell, and XYZ Trading Co。

, Ltd。

(hereinafter called “Buyer”) who agrees to buy the following goods on the following terms and condition.4.Non—Governmental Trading AgreementNo。

合同一式三份,翻译

合同一式三份,翻译

合同一式三份,翻译合同英语Contract&agreement 合同和协议1.A contract cannot arise out of an illegal act.违法行为不能构成合约。

2.A contract is established when the acceptance becomes effective. 承诺生效即合同成立。

3.A contract may be modified if the parties reach a conse nsus through consultation. 当事人协商一致即可以变更合同。

4.A person is not liable for debts contracted during his minority.一个人无须对他在未成年时期的合同债务承担责任。

5.A transaction between two parties ought not to operate to the disadvantage of a third. 合约不约束第三人。

6.An acceptance once given cannot be revoked unless the offeror consents.除非要约人同意,承诺一经做出即不得撤回。

7.An acceptance is a statement made by the offeree indicating assent to an offer. 承诺是受要约人同意要约的意思表示。

8.An offeror may withdraw an offer at any time before it has been accepted.在要约被受要约人接受以前,要约人可以随时撤回要约。

9.Any amendment to this contract shall become effective only bya written agreement by Patry A and Party B.对本合同的任何修改,只有经甲、乙双方签署书面协议后方能生效。

英文合同翻译常见词注解

英文合同翻译常见词注解

英文合同翻译常见词注解
以下是常见的英文合同词汇的中文注解:
1. Agreement - 协议,合同
2. Contract - 合同
3. Party - 当事方,合同方
4. Terms and Conditions - 条款和条件
5. Effective Date - 生效日期
6. Termination - 终止
7. Obligations - 义务,责任
8. Representations and Warranties - 陈述和保证
9. Indemnification - 赔偿,偿付
10. Confidentiality - 保密
11. Governing Law - 管辖法律
12. Force Majeure - 不可抗力
13. Liability - 责任,义务
14. Breach - 违约,违反
15. Jurisdiction - 管辖权
17. Amendment - 修改,变更
18. Counterpart - 对应物,一方副本
19. Prevailing Party - 胜诉方
20. Severability - 可分割性,可分离性
这些词汇在英文合同中经常出现,理解它们的含义可以帮助更好地理解合同的内容和约定。

但是,请注意每个合同可能具有特定的上下文和约定,因此在翻译合同时,确保选取最适合具体情况的中文译词。

最常见的英语英语合同翻译

最常见的英语英语合同翻译

最常见的英语英语合同翻译鉴于现在对外交流事例逐渐增多,英文合同特别是经济合同的翻译愈显重要,若译文不准确或不严谨,势必会引起不必要的经济纠纷.故今以一英文合同写作书籍为蓝本,录入一些有益文字,希望大家共同提高英文合同的翻译和写作。

合同文件是合同双方签订并必须遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的语言应体现其权威性.英文合同用语的特点之一就表现在用词上,即选择那些法律用词,以及正式用词,使合同表达的意思准确无误,达到双方对合同中使用的词无可争议的程度。

一.hereby英文释义:by means of , by reason of this中文译词:特此,因此,兹用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语;在条款中需要强调时也可用。

语法:一般置于主语后,紧邻主语.例1:The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract.参考译文:业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。

注释:(1)hereby: by reason of this 特此(2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同(3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工(4)therein: in the Works在本工程中(5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价(6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which(7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照(8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款例2:We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request.注释:(1)hereby:特此(2)to the best of our knowledge:as far as we know据我们所知(3)foregoing statement:above-mentioned statement上述声明(4)herein:in this, in the statement在声明中(5)documentary proof:证明文件参考译文:特此证明,据我们所知,上述声明内容真实,正确无误,并提供了全部现有的资料和数据,我们同意,应贵方要求出具证明文件。

合同书 翻译

合同书 翻译

合同书翻译英文回答:Contract。

A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties that creates, modifies, or terminates a legal relationship. Contracts can be written or oral, express or implied.Elements of a Contract。

To be valid, a contract must have the following elements:Offer: A proposal by one party to enter into a contract.Acceptance: The agreement by the other party to the terms of the offer.Consideration: Something of value exchanged between the parties, such as money, goods, or services.Capacity: The legal ability of the parties to enter into a contract.Legality: The purpose of the contract must not be illegal.Types of Contracts。

There are many different types of contracts, including:Bilateral contracts: Contracts where both parties make promises to each other.Unilateral contracts: Contracts where one party makes a promise to the other party in exchange for their performance.Executed contracts: Contracts where both parties havefulfilled their obligations.Executory contracts: Contracts where one or both parties have yet to fulfill their obligations.Void contracts: Contracts that are not legally binding due to a lack of one or more essential elements.Voidable contracts: Contracts that are legally binding but can be canceled by one or both parties under certain circumstances.Breach of Contract。

合同的种类及英文名称规范翻译

合同的种类及英文名称规范翻译
公司设立备忘录 memorandum of incorporation
备忘录(合作备忘录) memorandum
公司设立协议 aricles fo incorporation
公司设立章程 articles of association
意向书 letter of intent
意向性协议,框架性协议 heads of agreement
合同的种类及英文名称规范翻译
一、我国合同法第9章到第23章就合同种类做了概况:
买卖合同 sale contract
电、水、气、热力供应合同 contracts for supply of power, water, gas or heat
赠与合同 gify conrract
借款合同 contract for loan of money
租赁合同 leasiing contract
融资租赁合同 financial leasing contract
承揽合同 work-for-hire contract
建设工程合同 contract for construction projects
Agreement on assignment of equity interests
和解协议 composition agreement
法律顾问协议 employment contract for legal consultant
合资企业合同 joint venture contract
技术服务合同 technical service contract
技术咨询协议 technical consulting agreement
技术开发协议 technical development agreement

中英文对照双语合同3篇

中英文对照双语合同3篇

中英文对照双语合同3篇篇1Bilingual ContractThis contract is made on this day of [Date], between [Name of Party A], hereinafter referred to as "Party A", and [Name of Party B], hereinafter referred to as "Party B".1. Object of the contract: The object of this contract is to establish the terms and conditions of the agreement between Party A and Party B regarding [describe the object of the contract].2. Agreement: Both parties agree to abide by the terms and conditions as set forth in this contract. The agreement shall be in effect for a period of [length of the agreement].3. Responsibilities of Party A: Party A agrees to [list the responsibilities of Party A].4. Responsibilities of Party B: Party B agrees to [list the responsibilities of Party B].5. Payment terms: Party A agrees to pay Party B the sum of [amount] on the [date] of each month for the duration of this contract.6. Termination: This contract may be terminated by either party with [length of notice] notice in writing.7. Dispute resolution: Any disputes arising from this contract shall be resolved through negotiation between the parties. If a resolution cannot be reached, the dispute shall be referred to arbitration.8. Governing law: This contract shall be governed by the laws of [jurisdiction].9. Entire agreement: This contract constitutes the entire agreement between Party A and Party B and supersedes any prior agreements or understandings.Party A: _____________________________Name:Signature:Date:Party B: _____________________________Name:Signature:Date:In witness whereof, the parties hereto have executed this contract on the date first above written.【中文翻译】双语合同本合同签订日期为[日期],由以下双方签署:[甲方名称],以下简称为“甲方”,和[乙方名称],以下简称为“乙方”。

商务翻译5合同和协议的翻译

商务翻译5合同和协议的翻译

求同型近义词
与求异型近义词相反,求同型近义词所追求的效果 不是为表达各次之间的差别意义,而是为了表达它 们的共同意义。
[例1] 双方可在必要时通过协商修改本合同。
The parties may, through consultation, make amendments to and revision of this contract as and when the need arise.
At the request of Part B, Part A agrees to send technicians to assist Part B to install the equipment.
e.g. 在加工贸易中,生产方对原材料和产成品都 没有所有权。 In processing transactions, the manufactures never have title either to the materials or the finished products.
买卖合同salescontract委托合同consignmentcontract租赁合同leasecontract雇用合同employmentcontract贮存合同storagecontract代理合同agencycontract抵押合同mortgagecontract仓储合同warehousingcontracttradeagreement贸易协议barteragreement易货协议loanagreement贷款协议clearingagreement清算协议agencyagreement代理协议categoriesofagreementsreparationagreement赔偿协议cooperationagreement合作协议financingagreement融资协议consignmentagreement委托协议confidentialityagreement保密协议合同contract约首preamble正文body约尾witnessclause约首preamble订约日期dateofsigning订约双方signingparties双方合法依据eachpartysauthority订约地点placeofsigning订约缘由recitalsofwhereasclause定义条款definitionclause是对合同书中反复使用的词汇或在合同中具有特定意义的用语进行说明和解释
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

合同翻译(一)英文合同翻译的用词特点:合同英语的用词极其考究,具有特定性。

要求选词专业化(professional)、正式(formal)、准确(accurate)。

具体体现在下列方面:1.使用情态动词:在合同中使用may,shall, must,may not (或shall not) 时要极其谨慎。

权利义务的约定部分构成了合同的主体,这几个词如选用不当,可能会引起纠纷。

may旨在约定当事人的权利(可以做什么),shall 约定当事人的义务(应当做什么时候),must用于强制性义务(必须做什么),may not (或shall not)用于禁止性义务(不得做什么)。

may do不能说成can do,shall do不能说成should do或ought to do, may not do,在美国一些法律文件里可以用shall not,但绝不能用can not do 或must not。

例如,在约定解决争议的途径时,可以说:The parties hereto shall, first of all, settleany dispute arising from or in connection with the contract by friendly negotiations. Should such negotiations fail, such dispute may be referred to the People’s Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in the absence of any arbitration clause in the disputed contract or in default of agreement reached after such dispute occurs.本句中的shall和may表达准确。

出现争议后应当先行协商,所以采用了义务性“约定”,如果协商解决不了,作为当事人的权利,用选择性约定may 也很妥当。

如果may和shall调换位置会怎么样?前半句的shall换用may后,意思变成了当事人可以通过协商解决,意思上说得过去,但后半句的 may换用shall 后,变成了应当诉讼解决,好像一出事,就要先见官,这就有些不友好了。

本句可译:双方首先应通过友好协商,解决因合同而发生的或与合同有关的争议。

如果协商未果,合同中又无仲裁条款约定或争议发生后未就仲裁达成共识的,可将争议提交给有管辖权的人民法院解决。

英文合同中常见的情态动词主要有以下两个,即,shall和 should。

但它们在合同中分别表示不同的含义。

shall是英文合同中使用频率最高的一个词,也是语气最重的一个词,常用于第三人称。

shall常用来表示法律上必须履行的责任和应尽的义务,如不履行合同条款就会产生违反法律责任和义务的后果,其含义相当于中文的“应当”或“必须”。

例如:The Seller shall present the following documents required for negotiation to the banks. (卖方必须将下列单据提交银行附议)shall 的否定形式shall not在英文合同中常表示不得发生的行为。

Party A shall not supply the contracted commodity to other buyers in the above-mentioned territory(甲方不得向上述地区其他买主供应本合同项下商品)。

但必须注意的是,在英文合同中,shall在表示“应该”时不可随便用 should代替,should虽然也表示“应该”,但它没有shall那样重的含义,因为should并不表示法律义务,只表示一般的义务或道义上的义务,有时甚至表示“原该”或“最好如此”的含义。

当should出现在合同中时,它常放在句子的开头,表示一个隐含的条件状语,相当于由if、in case 或in the event that 引导的状语从句,其含义相当于中文的“如果”、“万一”而不是“应该”。

例如:Should the verification conclusion contradict the conditions of an auction target stated in an auction contract, the auctioneer has the right to demand a change or rescind the contract.如果鉴定结论与委托拍卖合同载明的拍卖标的状况不相符,拍卖人有权要求变更或者解除合同。

此外,英文合同中有时也出现情态动词may 和must。

may 用于约定当事人的权利(可以做什么),没有任何义务的含义,不带有强制性,有时表示允许或许可,相当于中文的“可以”、“得”等含义。

其否定形式may not用于禁止性义务(不得做什么),语气不如shall not强烈。

must用于强制性义务(必须做什么),但这一义务不一定具有法律的约束力,其否定形式一般不会出现在英文合同中。

了解和掌握情态动词的确切含义有助于正确理解英文合同条款的内容。

由于合同中权利和义务的约定构成了合同的主体,情态动词如选用不当,有可能会引起法律纠纷。

2. 使用古体词和外来词为体现合同文本行文正式、庄重的文体特征,英文合同常使用一些古体词。

这些词主要来源于古英语和中古英语,主要是由here-,there-和 where- 与一个或几个介词组成的复合副词,如hereafter (此后,今后)hereby (特此,兹)herein (此中,于此,本合同中)hereinafter (以下,此后,在下文)hereof (于此,在本合同中)hereto (于此)hereunder (在下文,据此,根据本合同) hereunto(于此)herewith(与此一道)thereafter(此后,后来)thereby (因此,由此,在那方面)therefor (因此,为此)therefrom(由此、从此)therein(其中,在其中)thereinafter(在下文)thereof(关于、由此,其中)thereto(此外,附随)thereunder(在其下,据此、依据)whereas(鉴于)whereby(因此,由是,据此)wherefore(为此,因此)wherein(在那方面)whereof (关于那事/人)等。

在这些复合副词中,here表示this,there表示that,where表示what或which。

英文合同中使用这些词能使语言精练、直观,使合同语言显得更为规范、严肃,显示合同语言的权威性和严密性。

例:The parties hereto shall, first of all, settle any dispute arising from or in connection with the contract through amicable negotiations.合同双方首先应通过友好协商,解决因合同而发生的或与合同有关的争议。

此句中的hereto表示上文已提及的内容,即,to this contract。

这类词的使用使句子简练、严密,构成合同语言的保守性和稳定性,体现合同文本正式、庄重的文体特征此外,合同文本用词正式、保守还体现在外来词的使用上。

合同中的外来词大多数来自拉丁语,也有部分来自法语。

如addiem(在指定日期)status quo(现状)null and void无效vice versa反之亦然ad hoc特别,临时 commiteeas per(按照)de facto(事实上的)等来源于拉丁语force majuere (不可抗力)等来源于法语。

3.使用近义词和成对词英语合同的规范性还表现在近义词、成对词的使用。

合同语言用词造句必须十分准确、严谨。

同时,为了追求语意确切、论证周详,合同中常出现近义词、成对词并列使用的现象,这种表达的目的是使合同条款更加严密,表述更加准确,尽最大可能地避免歧义和疏漏,有的也属于合同用语的固定模式。

同义词或近义词的并列结构是由or或and 连接。

其作用通常会使包括的内容更全面,也更具弹性。

这些词涉及介词、动词、名词和形容词等词类,例如:by and between(由)for and in consideration of(考虑到,鉴于)for and on behalf of(为了,代表)save and except(除了)in full force and effect(生效)furnish and provide(提供)make and enter into (达成)release and discharge(弃权,让渡)fulfill or perform(履行)procure and ensure(保证和确保)force and effect(效力)right and interest(权益)power and authority(权力)covenants and agreements(契约)terms and conditions(条款)goods and chattels(私有财物,有形动产)customs fees and duties(关税)loss and damage(损失及损毁)complaints and claims(投诉及索赔)null and void(无效)sole and exclusive(唯一且排他的)final and conclusive(最终及具决定性的)transferable or assignable(可转让的)等。

这些词表示固定的意义,使用和翻译时不能随意拆开。

这种词汇并列使用主要有两个目的:一是通过两个或多个词汇的共同含义来限定其唯一词义,从而排除了由于一词多义可能产生的歧义,体现合同的严谨;二是通过两个或多个词语的并列来体现合同的正式。

例如:This agreement is made and entered into on April 16, 2007 by and between Party A and Party B. 本合约由甲方和乙方于2007年4月16日达成。

该句中“made and entered into”和“by and between”两组分别属于近义词和相关词并列。

On the expiry of the validity term of contract, the contract shall automatically become null and void.(有效期满后,本合同自动失效)该句中两个意思相近的形容词null and void并列。

相关文档
最新文档