Fundamental Wheel Alignment Theory
底盘术语专业英语
tire axis system and variables 轮胎坐标系和变量center of tire contact 轮胎接地中心tire axis system 轮胎坐标系slip angle of tire 轮胎侧偏角slip rate 滑移率free radius 自由半径static loaded radius 静负荷半径dynamic loaded radius 动负荷半径rolling circumference 滚动周长rolling radius 滚动半径free rolling wheel 自由滚动车轮tire forces 轮胎上的力vertical force of tire 轮胎垂直力lateral force of tire 轮胎横向力longitudinal force of tire 轮胎纵向力radial stiffness 径向刚度lateral stiffness 横向刚度driving force 驱动力rolling resistance滚动阻力camber thrust 外倾推力cornering force 转弯力side force of tire 轮胎侧向力cornering drag 侧偏阻力resistance force of drag 拖曳阻力tractive force 牵引力drag force 牵引阻力tire moments 轮胎力矩overturning moment of tire 轮胎翻转力矩rolling resistance moment 滚动阻力矩aligning torque 回正力矩wheel torque 车轮力矩driving torque 驱动力矩braking torque 制动力矩pneumatic trail 轮胎拖矩coefficients of force and moment 力和力矩系数lateral force coefficient 横向力系数driving force coefficient 驱动力系数braking force coefficient 制动力系数rolling resistance coefficient 滚动阻力系数aligning torque coefficient 回正力矩系数cornering stiffness 侧偏刚度camber stiffness 外倾刚度braking (driving) stiffness 制动（驱动）刚度aligning stiffness (aligning torque stiffness) 回正刚度（回正力矩刚度）cornering stiffness coefficient 侧偏刚度系数camber stiffness coefficient 外倾刚度系数braking (driving) stiffness coefficient 制动（驱动）刚度系数aligning stiffness coefficient (aligning torque stiffness coefficient)回正刚度系数（回正力矩刚度系数）tire adhesion coefficient轮胎附着系数trim 工作点laternal adhesion coefficient 横向附着系数driving adhesion coefficient 驱动附着系数braking adhesion coefficient 制动附着系数sliping braking adhesion coefficient 制动滑移附着系数suspension geometry 悬架几何学wheel center 车轮中心wheel alignment车轮定位toe –in （length）前束toe_in (angle)前束角kingpin castor angle 主销后倾角castor 主销后倾矩camber angle 车轮外倾角kingpin inclination 主销内倾kingpin offset 主销偏置距lateral slip 横向滑移量wheel base 轴距track 轮距suspension system mechanics 悬架力学tyre 轮胎new tyre 新胎grown tyre 胀大轮胎pneumatic 充气轮胎tubed tyre 有内胎轮胎tubeless tyre 无内胎轮胎cover 外胎inner tube 内胎flap 垫带tyre type 轮胎类型tyre series 轮胎系列tyre size 轮胎规格tyre marking 轮胎标志speed symbol 速度符号cord 帘线tread wear indicator 胎面磨损标志framework material 骨架材料number of piles 层数ply rating (pr) 层级curing bag 水胎curing bladder 硫化胶囊air bag 气囊reserved old series of tyre 保留生产轮胎truk tyre 载波重汽车轮胎passenger car tyre 轿车轮胎earth-movere tyre 工程机械轮胎industrial tyre 工业车辆轮胎agricultural tyre 农业轮胎logging tyre 林业轮胎animal vehicle tyre 畜力车轮胎aircraft tyre 航空轮胎motorcycle tyre 摩托车轮胎cycle tyre 力车轮胎bicycle tyre 自行车轮胎conventional section tyre 普通断面轮胎low section tyre 低断面轮胎super low section tyre超低断面轮胎wide base tyre 宽基轮胎wide section tyre宽断面轮胎diagonal tyre斜交轮胎radial ply tyre子午线轮胎removable tread tyre活胎面轮胎beaded_edge cycle tyre(b/e)软边力车轮胎wired_edge cycle tyre (w/e)硬边力车轮胎straight side of bicycle tyre (ss)直边自行车轮胎hooked bead of bicycle tyre (hb)钩边自行车轮胎croctchet type of hooked bead or straight side bicycle tyre (ct)钩直型自行车轮胎tubular tyre for bicycle管式自行车轮胎cross_country tyre 越野轮胎sand tyre 沙漠轮胎cast tyre浇注轮胎adjustable inflation pressure tyre调压轮胎foam filled tyre海绵轮胎atmospheric pressure tyre 常压轮胎internal supporter tyre内支撑轮胎arch tyre拱形轮胎elliptical tyre椭圆形轮胎solide tyre 实心轮胎cured_on solid tyre 粘结式实心轮胎pressed_on solid tyre非粘结式实心轮胎cylindrical base solid tyre圆柱实心轮胎conical base solid tyre 斜底实心轮胎anti_static solid tyre抗静电实心轮胎conductive solid tyre导电实心轮胎oil_resistance solid tyre耐油实心轮胎high load capacity solid tyre高负荷实心轮胎tread pattern胎面花纹circumferential pattern纵向花纹transverse pattern横向花纹highway tread pattern公路花纹cross_country tread pattern越野花纹dual purpose tread pattern 混全花纹directional tread pattern定向花纹mud and now pattern雪泥花纹pattern sipe花纹细缝pattern block花纹块pattern rib 花纹条groove花纹沟rib 花纹加强筋pattern angle花纹角度pattern depth花纹深度pattern plan 花纹展开图smooth tread 光胎面cap 胎冠tread胎面tread cap胎面行驶面tread base胎面基部tread slab base胎面基部胶transition rubber of tread 胎面过渡胶breaker缓冲层belt 带束层breaker strip缓冲胶片tie_in strips包边胶cap ply 冠带束carcass胎体cord ply帘布层insulation rubber隔离胶sealing rubber封口胶tyre cavity胎里inside liner内衬层innerliner气密层shoulder 胎肩shoulder area胎肩区shoulder wedge胎肩垫胶sidewall胎侧flexing area屈挠区sidewall rubber胎侧胶decorative sidewall装饰胎侧decorative rib 装饰线fitting line装配线kerbing rib防擦线bead 胎圈bead ring 钢丝圈wire covering钢丝包胶bead core胎圈芯apex三角胶bead reinforcing strip胎圈补强带chafer胎圈包布bead filler rubber胎圈外护胶bead heel胎踵bead toe 胎趾bead base胎圈底部tube body内胎胎身chine导水胶棱venting mark排气眼标志rim轮辋theoretical rim理论轮辋standard rim标准轮辋permitted rim允许轮辋tyre nominal diameter轮胎名义直径tyre nominal width轮胎名义宽度overall width(w)总宽度sectin width(s)断面宽度section height (h)断面高度overall diameter外直径drive axle 驱动桥rigid drive axle 非独立悬架式驱动桥independent suspension drive axle 独立悬架式驱动桥final drive 主减速器single reduction final drive 单级主减速器double reduction final drive 双级主减速器front or rear mounted double reduction final drive 前（后）置式双级主减速器top mounted double reduction final drive 上置式双级主减速器planetary double reduction final drive 行星齿轮式双级主减速器thru－drive 贯通式主减速器single reduction thru－drive 单级贯通式主减速器double reduction thru－drive 双级贯通式主减速器two speed final drive 双速主减速器two speed planetary final drive 行星齿轮式双速主减速器two speed double reduction final drive 双级双级主减速器wheel reductor or hub reductor 轮边减速器planetary wheel reductor 行星圆柱齿轮式轮边减速器differential geared wheel reductor or bevel epicyclic hub reductor行星锥齿轮式轮边减速器spur geared wheel reductor 外啮合圆柱齿轮式轮边减速器differential 差速器inter－wheel 轮间差速器inter－axle 桥间差速器gear differential 齿轮式差速器bevel gear differential 锥齿轮式差速器spur gear differential 圆柱齿轮式差速器limited－slip differential 防滑差速器self－locking type differential 自锁式差速器multi－disc self－locking differential 摩擦片式自锁差速器self－locking differential with side ring and radial cam plate 凸轮滑块式自锁差速器self－locking differential with dog clutch or automotive positive locking differential 自动离合式自锁差速器locking differential 强制锁止式差速器axle housing 桥壳separable carrier－type axle housing or banjo axle housing 整体式桥壳trumpet－type axle housing 可分式桥壳unitized carrier－type axle housing 组合式桥壳axle shaft 半轴full－floating axle shaft 全浮式半轴semi－floating axle shaft 半浮式半轴three－quarter floating axle shaft 四分之三浮式半轴drive axle maximum input torgue 驱动桥最大输入扭矩slip torgue 驱动桥的最大附着扭矩rating axle capacity 驱动桥额定桥荷能力drive axle allowable input torgue 驱动桥额定（允许）输入扭矩drive axle allowable output torgue 驱动桥额定（允许）输出扭矩differential locking factor or bias ratio 差速器锁止系数drive axle ratio 驱动桥减速比drive axle efficiency 驱动桥效率（％）drive axle mass 驱动桥质量steering tie rod 转向横拉杆steering drag link 转向直拉杆steering knuckle arm 转向节臂tie rod arm 梯形臂tie rod linkage or ackermann geometry 梯形机构drive axle 驱动桥rigid drive axle 非独立悬架式驱动桥independent suspension drive axle 独立悬架式驱动桥final drive 主减速器single reduction final drive 单级主减速器double reduction final drive 双级主减速器front or rear mounted double reduction final drive 前（后）置式双级主减速器top mounted double reduction final drive 上置式双级主减速器planetary double reduction final drive 行星齿轮式双级主减速器thru－drive 贯通式主减速器single reduction thru－drive 单级贯通式主减速器double reduction thru－drive 双级贯通式主减速器two speed final drive 双速主减速器two speed planetary final drive 行星齿轮式双速主减速器two speed double reduction final drive 双级双级主减速器wheel reductor or hub reductor 轮边减速器planetary wheel reductor 行星圆柱齿轮式轮边减速器differential geared wheel reductor or bevel epicyclic hub reductor行星锥齿轮式轮边减速器spur geared wheel reductor 外啮合圆柱齿轮式轮边减速器differential 差速器inter－wheel 轮间差速器inter－axle 桥间差速器gear differential 齿轮式差速器bevel gear differential 锥齿轮式差速器spur gear differential 圆柱齿轮式差速器limited－slip differential 防滑差速器self－locking type differential 自锁式差速器multi－disc self－locking differential 摩擦片式自锁差速器self－locking differential with side ring and radial cam plate 凸轮滑块式自锁差速器self－locking differential with dog clutch or automotive positive locking differential 自动离合式自锁差速器locking differential 强制锁止式差速器axle housing 桥壳separable carrier－type axle housing or banjo axle housing 整体式桥壳trumpet－type axle housing 可分式桥壳unitized carrier－type axle housing 组合式桥壳axle shaft 半轴full－floating axle shaft 全浮式半轴semi－floating axle shaft 半浮式半轴three－quarter floating axle shaft 四分之三浮式半轴drive axle maximum input torgue 驱动桥最大输入扭矩slip torgue 驱动桥的最大附着扭矩rating axle capacity 驱动桥额定桥荷能力drive axle allowable input torgue 驱动桥额定（允许）输入扭矩drive axle allowable output torgue 驱动桥额定（允许）输出扭矩differential locking factor or bias ratio 差速器锁止系数drive axle ratio 驱动桥减速比drive axle efficiency 驱动桥效率（％）drive axle mass 驱动桥质量steering tie rod 转向横拉杆steering drag link 转向直拉杆steering knuckle arm 转向节臂tie rod arm 梯形臂tie rod linkage or ackermann geometry 梯形机构steering system 转向系manual steering system 机械转向系power steering system 动力转向系steering control mechanism 转向操纵机构steering universal joint 转向万向节steering inner articulated shaft 转向传动轴steering column 转向管柱steering shaft 转向轴steering wheel 转向盘(方向盘)manual steering gear 机械转向器worm and roller steering gear 涡杆滚轮式转向器cover of steering gear 转向器盖housing 壳体steering worm 转向蜗杆roller 滚轮roller shaft 滚轮轴side cover 侧盖pitman arm shaft ,sector shaft 摇臂轴(齿扇轴)recirculating ball steering gear 循环球式转向器recirculating ball-rack and sector steering gear 循环球-齿条齿扇式转向器steering nut 转向螺母ball 钢球steering screw 转向螺杆recirculating ball-lever and peg steering gear 循环球-曲柄销式转向器stud ,peg 指销worm and peg steering gear 蜗杆指销式转向器rack and pinion steering gear 齿轮齿条式转向器steering pinion 转向齿轮steering rack 转向齿条power steering gear 动力转向器integral power steering gear 整体式动力转向器semi-integral power steering gear 半整体式动力转向器“constant pressure”hydraulic power steering gear 常压式液压动力转向器“constant flow”hydraulic power steering gear 常流式液压动力转向器control value 转向控制阀spool valvetype 滑阀式转向控制阀valve housing 阀体valve spool 滑阀rotary valve type 转阀式转向控制阀rotary valve 转阀torsion bar 扭杆power cylinder 转向动力缸power steering pump 转向油泵oil reservoir 转向油罐steering linkage 转向传动机构pitman arm 转向摇臂steering drag link 转向直拉杆end plug 端部螺塞ball stud 球头销ball cup 球头座compression spring 压缩弹簧drag link 直拉杆steering knuckle arm,steering arm 转向节臂tie rod linkage,ackermann geometry 梯形机构single tie rod type tie tod linkage 整体式梯形机构tie rod arm 梯形臂steering tie tod 转向横拉杆socker 接头tie tod 横拉杆split tie tod type tie tod linkage 分段式梯形机构swing arm 摇臂steering system angle ratio 转向系角传动比steering gear angle ratio 转向器角传动比steering linkage angle ratio 转向传动机构角传动比steering gear efficiency 转向器传动效率forward efficiency 正效率reverse efficiency 逆效率steering system stiffness 转向系刚度total number of steering wheel turns 转向盘总圈数torsional stiffness of steering gear 转向器扭转刚度total turns of steering gear 转向器总圈数free play of steering wheel 转向盘自由行程steering gear clearance 转向器传动间隙max.rotating angle of pitman arm shaft 摇臂轴最大转角max.swing angle of steering pitman arm 转向摇臂最大摆角rotating torque of steering gear 转向器转动力矩reverse rotating torque of steering gear 转向器反驱动力矩steering moment 转向力矩steering resisting torque 转向阻力矩steering gear max.output torque 转向器最大输出扭矩max.working pressure 最大工作压力rated working pressure 额定工作压力theoretical displacement of pump 转向油泵理论排量limited flow 限制流量pre-opened play of steering control valve 转向控制阀预开隙totally-opened play of steering control valve 转向控制阀全开隙internal leakage in steering control valve 转向控制阀内泄漏量pressure lossess in steering control valve 转向控制阀压力降steering gear angle ratio characteristic 转向器角传动比特性steering gear clearance characteristic 转向器传动间隙特性steering gear efficiency characteristic 转向器传动效率特性steering force characteristic 转向力特性power steering system response characteristic 动力转向系灵敏度特性steering control valve pressure losses characteristic 转向控制阀压力降特性steering control valve response characteristic 转向控制阀灵敏度特性the terms and definitions of braking of automotive vehicles and their trailers—types, constituent elements, braking mechanics and phenomenon of barking system 汽车和挂车制动名词术语及其定义制动系种类、组成、力学及现象braking equipment制动装备braking system制动系service braking system行车制动系（常用制动系）emergency braking system应急制动系parking braking system驻车制动系auxiliary braking system辅助制动系automatic braking system自动制动系muscular energy braking system人力制动系non-muscular energy braking system动力制动系servo braking system伺服制动系energy assisted braking system助力制动系inertia braking system惯性制动系gravity braking system重力制动系air braking system气压制动系（气制动系）hydraulic braking system液压制动系electromagnetic braking system电磁制动系mechanical braking system机械制动系combination braking system组合制动系single-circuit braking system单回路制动系dual-circuit braking system双回路制动系multi-circuit braking system多回路制动系single-line braking system单管（线）路制动系dual-line braking system双管（线）路制动系multi-line braking system多管（线）路制动系continuous braking system连续制动系semi-continuous braking system半连续制动系non-continuous braking system非连续制动系gradual braking渐进制动constituent elements组成部分energy supplying device供能装置braking energy source制动能源control device控制装置transmission device传能装置brake制动器friction brake摩擦式制动器drum brake鼓式制动器internal expanding drum brake内张型鼓式制动器two leading shoe brake双领蹄式制动器（2L式制动器）two trailing shoe brake双从蹄式制动器（2T式制动器）duo two leading shoe brake双向双领蹄式制动器（D2L式制动器）duo two trailing shoe brake双向双从蹄式制动器（D2T式制动器）leading trailing shoe brake领从蹄式制动器（LT式制动器）uni-servo brake单向伺服式制动器（US式制动器）duo-servo brake双向伺服式制动器（DS式制动器）external contracting drum brake外收缩型鼓式制动器band brake带式制动器disc brake盘式制动器caliper disc brake钳盘式制动器disc brake with fixed caliper定钳盘式制动器disc brake with floating caliper浮钳盘式制动器floating disc brake浮盘式制动器complete disc brake全盘式制动器cam brake凸轮张开式制动器wedge brake楔式制动器wheel cylinder brake轮缸（柱塞）式制动器positive engagement brake刚性接合式制动器（锁止式制动器）retarder缓速装置（缓速器）retarder by combustion engine发动机缓速装置retarder by electric traction motor电机缓速装置hydro-dynamic retarder液力缓速器aerodynamic retarder空气动力缓速装置electromagnetic retarder电磁缓速器braking line制动管（线）路feed line供能管（线）路actuating line促动管（线）路pilot line操纵管（线）路supply line供给管（线）路control line控制管（线）路common line共用管（线）路emergency line应急管（线）路additional device附加装置auxiliary device辅助装置alarm device报警装置alarm pressure报警压力protection pressure device保护压力装置protection pressure保护压力application pressure of brake shoe assembly制动蹄作用压力release pressure of brake shoe assembly制动蹄放松压力device to apply correction to braking force制动力调节装置anti-lock device车轮防抱死装置sensor传感器controller控制器modulator调节器individual wheel control单轮控制multi wheel control多轮控制axle control轴控制side control边控制diagonal control对角控制combined multi-axle control组合多轴控制variable selection可变选择select-low低选择select-high高选择predetermined selection预定选择selection by wheel车轮选择average selection平均选择minimum control speed最低控制速度sensor signal传感器信号resolution rare (of an impulse wheel speed sensor分辨率（脉冲式车轮速度传感器的分辨率）control cycle控制周期control frequency控制频率braking mechanics制动力学control force控制力Fcapplication force作用力Fsbraking torque制动力矩Mftotal braking force总制动力Ffdisturbing residual braking torque干扰后效制动力矩braking force distribution rate制动力分配率braking efficiency factor制动因数Zbrake efficiency factor制动器效能因数brake shoe efficiency factor制动蹄效能因数Cbraking system hysteresis制动系的滞后brake hysteresis制动器的滞后instant at which the movement of the control device begins控制装置开始作用时刻t0instant at which the deceleration begins减速度开始产生的时刻t1instant at which the deceleration begins to be approximately stable减速度接近于稳定的开始时刻t2instant at which the deceleration begins to decrease rapidly减速度开始急剧下降时刻t3instant at which the deceleration ceases减速度终止时刻t4reaction time of driver驾驶员反应时间actuating time促动时间mechanism hysteresis time机构滞后时间build-up time增长时间active braking time有效制动时间release time放松时间main braking time主制动时间total braking time总制动时间stopping time停车时间stopping distance停车距离total braking distance总制动距离active braking distance有效制动距离pedal travel踏板行程free pedal travel踏板自由行程maximum pedal travel踏板最大行程braking work制动功Winstantaneous braking power瞬时制动功率Pinitial speed of braking制动初速度v1final speed of braking制动终速度v2braking deceleration制动减速度a instantaneous braking deceleration瞬时制动减速度am mean braking deceleration平均制动减速度amax maximum braking deceleration最大制动减速度phenomenon on braking course制动过程中的现象heat fade热衰退water fade水衰退recovery恢复over recovery过恢复build up增强（突升）braking vapour lock制动气阻cracks龟裂heat cracks热龟裂braking drag制动拖滞cold braking sickness冷制动痹病brake chatter制动颤振brake noise制动噪声wheel lock车轮抱死braking deviation from制动跑偏braking swerve制动甩尾braking jack-knifing制动折叠braking hop制动跳动braking failure制动失效braking skid制动滑移braking nose dive制动点头The terms and definitions of braking of automotive vehicles and their trailers —The parts and components of braking equipment汽车和挂车制动名词术语及其定义零部件vacuum pump真空泵ejector喷射器vacuum tank真空罐（真空筒）air compressor空压机（压气机）cylinder head气缸盖cylinder block气缸体piston活塞piston ring活塞环connecting rod连杆piston pin活塞销crank shaft曲轴intake valve进气阀exhaust valve排气阀air storage reservoir储气罐（储气筒）pressure regulating valve调压阀single check valve (check valve) 单向阀（止回阀）filter滤清器air intake filter进气滤清器air exhaust filter排气滤清器line filter管路滤清器strainer滤网（芯）oil and water separator油水分离器anti-freezer防冻器air dryer空气干燥器drain valve排放阀pressure protection valve压力保护阀service braking pedal device常用行车制动踏板装置braking pedal制动踏板pedal pad踏板护套pedal bracket踏板支架bushing衬套collar套管axis pin销轴return spring回位弹簧parking braking control device驻车制动操纵装置control lever操纵杆control lever bracket操纵杆支架control lever guide collar操纵杆导套rod rack (rat chet) 齿杆（棘轮）ratchet pawl棘爪control cable操纵缆绳equalizer平衡臂pull rod (pull wire) 拉杆（拉绳）pull rod guide collar (pull wire guide collar) 拉杆导套（拉杆绳导套）air brake valve气制动阀single-chamber air brake valve单腔气制动阀plunger推杆air valve气阀equalizing spring平衡弹簧diaphragm膜片dual-chamber air brake valve双腔气制动阀series dual-chamber air brake valve串列式双腔气制动阀parallel dual-chamber air brake valve并列式双腔气制动阀triple-chamber air brake valve三腔气制动阀three way control valve三通路控制阀dual way check valve双向止回阀（双通换向阀）relay valve继动阀quick release valve快放阀relay and quick release valve继动快放阀trailer braking valve挂车制动阀trailer braking relay emergency valve挂车制动应急继动阀trailer braking protection valve挂车制动保护阀trailer braking relax valve挂车制动放松阀hand braking valve手控制动阀brake master cylinder制动主缸compensating brake master cylinder有补尝孔式制动主缸master cylinder body主缸缸体cup protector皮碗防护垫primary cup主皮碗ring cup (secondary cup) 皮圈（副皮碗）spring seat弹簧座piston stopper活塞挡圈snap ring卡环master cylinder push rod主缸推杆clevis连接叉boot防尘罩（套）residual valve残留阀fluid reservoir储液室fluid reservoir cap储液室盖pertless brake master cylinder无补偿孔式制动主缸inlet valve进油阀series dual-chamber brake master cylinder串列双腔式制动主缸first piston第一活塞secondary piston第二活塞wheel cylinder轮缸servo mechanism (booster) 伺服机构（助力器）vacuum booster真空助力器reaction lever反馈杠杆reaction plate反馈盘servo valve伺服阀reaction plunge反馈柱塞 rservo piston (boosting piston) 伺服活塞（助力活塞）servo diaphragm (boosting diaphragm) 伺服膜片（助力膜片）vacuum intensifier真空增压器control valve body控制阀体valve spring阀门弹簧control diaphragm return spring控制膜片回位弹簧control diaphragm控制膜片control piston控制活塞control piston cup控制活塞皮碗auxiliary cylinder body辅助缸缸体hydraulic piston液压活塞hydraulic valve液压阀end plate端盖air booster气压助力器air over hydraulic intensifier (air over hydraulic booster) 气压—液压增压器（气顶油助力器）brake line制动管（线）路wire (cable of wire) 导线（电缆）pipe unit (brake pipe unit) 管件（制动管组件）rigid pipe刚性管semi-rigid pipe半刚性管hose (brake hose) 软管（制动软管）hydraulic hose液压软管hose protector软管保护管hose clip软管卡子air brake hose气制动软管jumper hose跨接软管bridge pipe桥式管pipe fittings管接头（管连接件）compression fittings压力接头fittings body接头体sealing ring密封圈pressure ring压力环pipe seat (sealing pipe seat) 管座（密封管座）pipe nut管螺母thrust fittings推力接头fitting body with inner conical seat内锥座接头体quick fittings快速接头jumper hose connections (pneumatic braking connections跨接软管连接器（气制动管连接器）brake chamber制动气室diaphragm brake chamber膜片式制动气室piston brake chamber活塞式制动气室energy storage spring brake chamber储能弹簧制动气室energy storage spring chamber储能弹簧室energy storage spring储能弹簧energy storage spring release machanism储能弹簧放松机构follower随动件pusher推杆lock brake chamber锁止式制动气室lock chamber锁止腔lock spring锁止弹簧wedge ring楔环brake shoe actuator制动蹄促动器brake camshaft制动凸轮轴drum brake鼓式制动器brake drum制动鼓brake bottom plate 制动底板friction lining制动衬片（摩擦片）brake shoe制动蹄brake shoe assembly制动蹄总成lash adjusting device间隙调整装置adjusting arm调整臂adjusting arm assembly调整臂总成brake shoe hold down spring制动蹄限位弹簧brake shoe return spring制动蹄回位弹簧fixed brake shoe abutment制动蹄支承轴brake shoe abutment．制动蹄支承座（架）anchor pin．支承销anchor plate支承块brake shoe link制动蹄导板parking brake lever驻车制动杠杆parking brake push-rod驻车制动推杆disk brake盘式制动器brake disk制动盘brake caliper制动钳brake caliper plate yoke制动钳板臂brake caliper mounting bracket制动钳安装架brake pad assembly制动块总成brake pad制动衬块（摩擦块）brake pad back plate制动衬块（摩擦块）背板exhaust retarder排气缓速器exhaust shutter valve排气节流阀intake silencer进气消声器control cylinder控制缸electromagnetic valve．电磁阀electromagnetic retarder电磁缓速器discal rotor．盘形转子stationary electromagnets定子电磁铁组stationary torus环形定子electromagnet core电磁铁芯field winding (field coil) ．激磁线圈hydrodynamic retarder液力缓速器double runner rotor双叶片转子drain pipe排液管pressure limiting valve限压阀proportioning valve．比例阀different diameter piston异径活塞（组）valve body．阀体pressure control spring．压力控制弹簧valve spring阀弹簧valve．阀inertia proportioning valve惯性比例阀inertia ball惯性球ball valve seat球阀座oading sensing proportioning valve感载比例阀loading sensing pressure limiting valve．感载限压阀inertia anti-lock device惯性防抱死装置electro anti-lock device电子防抱死装置warning device报警装置vacuum warning switch．真空报警开关low pressure warning switch低压报警开关level warning switch液面报警开关safety cylinder安全缸check bolt．抑止螺栓check nut．抑止螺母air bleed valve空气溢流阀safety valve安全阀pressure-gradient control valve压差控制阀（优先阀）pider single check valve十字单向阀sever switch．换通开关braking light switch．制动灯开关shut-off switch分离开关air gauge气压表Spring 弹簧Helical spring 螺旋弹簧Cylindrically helical spring 圆柱螺旋弹簧Cylindrically helical compression spring 圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧Cylindrically helical torsion spring 圆柱螺旋扭转弹簧Stranded helical wire spring 多股螺旋弹簧Non-cylinder helical spring 非圆柱弹簧圈螺旋弹簧Non-linder feature helical spring 非线形特性螺旋弹簧Variable pitch Cylindrically helical spring 不等节距圆柱螺旋弹簧Barrel shaped helical spring 中凸形螺旋弹簧Hourglass shaped helical spring 中凹形螺旋弹簧Leaf spring 板弹簧Semi-elliptic spring 弓形板弹簧Constant rate semi-elliptic spring 变刚度弓形板弹簧Variable across leaf spring 变截面弓形板弹簧Full elliptic spring 椭圆形板弹簧Constant rate full elliptic leaf spring 等刚度椭圆形板弹簧Variable rate full elliptic leaf spring 变刚度椭圆形板弹簧Cantilever leaf spring 悬臂板弹簧Disc spring(Belleville spring) 碟形弹簧Single piece disc spring 单片碟形弹簧Combined disc spring 组合碟形弹簧Diaphragm spring 膜片弹簧Spiral spring 涡卷弹簧Flat spiral spring 平面涡卷弹簧Non-contact flat spiral spring 非接触形平面涡卷弹簧Contact flat spiral spring接触形平面涡卷弹簧Constant-force spring 恒力弹簧Valute spiral spring 截锥涡卷弹簧Flake spring 片弹簧Non-linearity flake spring 非线性片弹簧Linearity flake spring 线性片弹簧Serpentine spring 蛇形弹簧Rubber spring 橡胶弹簧Compression rubber spring 压缩式橡胶弹簧Shear rubber spring 减切式橡胶弹簧Retortion rubber spring 扭转式橡胶弹簧Combined rubber spring 组合式橡胶弹簧Laminated rubber spring 层状橡胶弹簧Sleeved rubber spring 衬套式橡胶弹簧Air spring 空气弹簧Bellows type air spring 囊式空气弹簧Single convolution bellows type air spring 单曲囊式空气弹簧Double convolution bellows type air spring 双曲囊式空气弹簧Three convolution bellows type air spring 三曲囊式空气弹簧Diaphragm air type spring膜式空气弹簧Constrained diaphragm air type spring约束膜式空气弹簧Free diaphragm air type spring自由膜式空气弹簧Combined type air spring 混合式空气弹簧Telescopic air spring 套筒式空气弹簧Pneumo-hydraulic spring 液力空气弹簧Gas spring 气弹簧Compression gas spring 压缩气弹簧Locking gas spring 可锁定式气弹簧Gas spring with gas source 带气源气弹簧Ring type spring 环形弹簧Torsion bar spring 扭杆弹簧Stabilizer bar 稳定杆Line spring 线弹簧Oil seal spring 油封弹簧Rubber-metal spring 橡胶-金属弹簧弹簧设计和工艺的术语specified load 工作负荷ultimate load 极限负荷test load 试验负荷load at solid position 压并负荷stress at solid position 压并应力deflection 挠度deflection at ultimate load 极限负荷下的变形量deflection at test load 试验负荷下的变形量spring characteristic 弹簧特性spring rate 弹簧刚度dynamic spring rate 弹簧动刚度spring flexibility 弹簧柔度initial tension load 初拉力working torsion angle 工作扭转角ultimate torsion angle 极限扭转角test torsion angle 试验扭转角free height(length) 自由高度（长度）free angle 自由角度working height(lengh) 工作高度（长度）height at test load 试验负荷下的高度solid height 压并高度total number of coil 总圈数number of active coils 有效圈数number of end coils 支承圈数mean diameter of coil 弹簧中径outer diameter of coil 弹簧外径inside diameter of coil 弹簧内径diameter of line 线径space 间距pitch 节距direction of coils 旋向spring index旋向比slenderness ratio 高径比active length 作用长度camber 弧高camber of a leaf 单片弧高camber under static leaf 静载弧高free camber 自由弧高span 弦长free span自由弦长Span under load 负荷弦长flat span 伸直长main leaf主片auxiliary leaf 副片def1ectioll 弹性变形setting load预压负荷eye parallelism 吊耳平行度eye perpendicularity 吊耳垂直度diameter of eye 吊耳孔径width 0f eye吊耳宽度assembly clamp breadth总成夹紧宽度stress 应力stress rate 比应力bush 衬套Center bolt 中心螺栓spring bucket 弹簧卡箍diameter of wire cord 索径pitch of wire cord 索距twist ang1e of strands 索拧角width of contact surface 支承面宽度free height or disc spring 碟簧自由高度thickness of disc spring 碟簧厚度inner diameter of disc spring 碟簧内径0Uter diameter of disc spring 碟簧外径free height of combined disc spring 组合碟簧自由高度coefficient for width or contact surface 支承面宽度系数radial pitch 径向节距axial pitch 轴向节距deflection of first bottoming 初始触合变形量load at first bottoming 初始触合负荷curvature cowection factor 曲度系数internal air pressure 内压working pressure 工作压力effective area 有效面积effective diameter 有效直径design height 设计高度basic spring volume 附加容积total volume 总容积auxiliary air reservoir 附加空气室changing behavior of effective area 有效面积变化特性equivalent deflection 当量挠度cord bias angle 帘线角load area 承载面积free area 自由面积elasticity modulus 弹性模量modulus at compression 压缩摸量modulus in shear 切变摸量rubber hardness 橡胶硬度relief stress 消除应力relaxation 松弛permanent deformation 永久变形temporary deformation 暂时变形setting 立定处理hot-setting 加温立定处理prestressing 强压（拉、扭）处理hot-prestressing 加温强压（拉、扭）spring safe factor 弹簧安全系数fatigue test 疲劳试验impact test 冲击试验model test 模拟试验fast shelve test(pluck torsion) 速压(拉、扭)试验shot blast 喷丸liquid shot blast 液体喷九A1men test spring 阿尔曼试片everoment test 环境试验x ray stress measurement x线应力测定。
四轮定位英文术语
四轮定位英文术语
1. Four-wheel alignment：四轮定位，是指调整车辆的前轮和后轮的定位参数，以确保车辆行驶的稳定性、操控性和轮胎的寿命。
2. Caster：前轮外倾角，是指前轮转向轴与地面垂直线之间的夹角。
3. Camber：前轮内倾角，是指前轮轮胎平面与垂直面之间的夹角。
4. Toe-in：前束，是指前轮前端向内倾斜的程度。
5. Toe-out：后束，是指后轮前端向外倾斜的程度。
6. Wheelbase：轴距，是指前轮中心到后轮中心的距离。
7. Suspension：悬挂系统，是指车辆的底盘系统，包括弹簧、减震器和各种连杆等。
8. Steering geometry：转向几何，是指车辆转向系统的设计和布置。
9. Ackermann angle：阿克曼角，是指车辆在转弯时，内侧前轮和后轮的转向角度差异。
10. Thrust angle：推力角，是指车辆前后轴之间的夹角。
这些术语在四轮定位调整和车辆悬挂系统的维护中非常重要。
如果你需要更多关于四轮定位的信息，可以向专业的汽车维修技师咨询。
汽车配件中英文术语对照
Lamp system & Horn 灯光系统与喇叭 Back up lamp/Sedanwagon/back up light 倒车灯 Bulb 灯泡 Bumper light 保险杠灯 Center stop lamp 中央高位制动灯 Coner lens 角灯玻璃 Corner Light 角灯 Dome lamp 车顶灯 Door lamp 车门灯 Fender maker lamp、Side marker light车边(辐)灯 Fog lamp 雾灯 Foglight lens 雾灯片
中文品名 发动机系统 发动机系统 皮带(链条) 凸轮轴 连杆 曲轴箱 曲轴 汽缸 汽缸垫片 汽缸套 汽缸体 汽缸盖 引擎脚 飞轮 活塞 活塞销 活塞环 皮带盘(滑轮组) 推杆 摇臂 摇臂轴 张紧轮 正时皮带(链条)护罩 正时齿轮 汽门 汽门座 汽门间隙调整螺栓螺帽 汽门锁夹 汽门导管 汽门举杆 汽门弹簧 燃油系统 加速踏板 空气滤清器总成 空气流量计 活性炭罐 化油器总成 催化净化器 差压阀 废气回收管 废气回收阀 加油管 燃油蓄压器 然油分配器 燃油滤清器 油管 燃油泵总成 燃油葙总成 油箱盖 喷油嘴 喷油器
Batter Ignition system Condenser Distributor assembly Distributor cap External resistor Ignition coil Ignition switch Rotor Spark-pulg wire Spark-pulg, Glow plug Starter relay
英文品名 Engine System Engine System Belt / Chain Camshaft Connecting rod Crank case Crank shaft Cylinder Cylinder gasket Cylinder liner/ Cylinder sleeve Cylinder block Cylinder head Engine stopper Fly wheel Piston Piston pin Piston ring Pulley Push rod Rocker arm Rocker shaft Tensioner Timing belt (chain) shield Timing gear Valve Valve seat Valve adjusting screw & nut Valve cotter Valve guide Valve lifter/ Valve tappet Valve spring Fuel Systerm Accelerator pedal Air fiter Air flow meter Carbon canister Carburetor assembly Cstslytic Differential pressure valve EGR tube EGR valve Filler tub Fuel accumlator Fuel distributor Fuel filter Fuel pipe Fuel pump assmbly Fuel tank assmbly Fuel tank cap Injection nozzle Injection valve
车轮外倾角与前束值的设计匹配
10.16638/ki.1671-7988.2020.04.031车轮外倾角与前束值的设计匹配董浩存1，田媛2（1.沈阳理工大学，辽宁沈阳110159；2.大连比亚迪汽车有限公司，辽宁大连116450）摘要：车轮外倾角与车轮前束值是车轮定位中的两个重要参数，车轮前束是为了抵消车轮外倾产生的侧滑不利影响，因此前束值要与车轮的外倾角有合理的匹配。
综合考虑车辆的结构参数和轮胎特性，基于车轮的侧滑机理，推导出车轮外倾角与前束值的合理匹配关系模型，用试验结果验证了模型的正确性，为在车辆的设计开发过程中，合理的确定车轮的外倾角与前束值提供理论参考。
关键词：车轮外倾角；车轮前束值；侧滑；匹配中图分类号：U463.3 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1671-7988(2020)04-92-04The Design and Match of the Camber Angle and Wheel Toe-in of VehiclesDong Haocun1, Tian Yuan2（1.Shenyang Ligong University, Liaoning Shenyang 110159; 2.Dalian BYD Auto Co., Ltd., Liaoning Dalian 116450）Abstract: The camber angle and wheel toe-in are two significant parameters in the alignment of vehicle wheels. As wheel toe-in is to offset the effects caused by the side slip of the cambers, the suitable match between the toe-in and camber is a key aspect, which depends on the vehicle tire, vehicle structure parameters as well as their interactions. Therefore, in this study, the match model of camber angle and wheel toe-in was proposed based on the side-slip mechanism. The test results showed that this proposed model is accurate and reasonable. This model could provide theoretical references for the design of camber angle and wheel toe-in during the research and development process of vehicles.Keywords: Camber angle; Wheel toe-in; Side slip; Design and matchCLC NO.: U463.3 Document Code: A Article ID: 1671-7988(2020)04-92-041 引言为了减小主销延长线接地点与轮胎接地印迹中心之间的偏移距，以提高车辆的转向轻便性和操纵稳定性，同时也使车辆在满载时车轮在接近于垂直于路面的平面内滚动，现代汽车的车轮大都设有外倾角。
车轮校正(英文版)
WHEEL ALIGNMENTHaving the appropriate adjustments will maximize the life of your tires. In a nutshell, wheel alignment consists of adjusting the angles of the wheels so that they're perpendicular to the ground and parallel to each other. The purpose of having the appropriate adjustments is the maximize tire life. In short, you want a vehicle that tracks straight and true when you are driving alone a straight and level road.CAMBERCamber is the inward (negative) tilt of wheels when viewing the vehicle from the front. If the top of the wheels is leaning out from the center of the vehicle, then the camber is positive, if its leaning in, the the camber is negative. Excessive positive or negative camber causes wear onthe outside or inside tread of the wheel (one-side wear). Use of the king point offset improves steering ease.POSITIVE CAMBER - Outward Tilt viewed from the frontNEGATIVE CAMBER - Inward Tilt viewed from the frontTOEThe toe measurement is the difference in the distance between the front of the tires and the back of the tires. Since tires with camber have a tendency to slant inward or outward (camber thrust) when viewed from above, tires are set as close as possible to zero. Toe-in means that the front of the tires are closer to each other than the rear. Toe-out is just the opposite, tires with excessive toe-in or toe-out suffer more readily form feathering. The toe position will vary depending on the driver system and the type of suspension as well as between the front and rear wheels. Tires suffer from feather edge wear when improperly aligned.KING PIN OFFSET (Inclination)The KING PIN OFFSET is the distance from the point where the suspension axis intersects the fround to the longitudinal line that runs thruough the center of the tire's contact patch. The KING PIN OFFSET affects the vehicle's steering, braking and handling characteristics. The example, steering handling becomes lighter as the KING PIN angle narrows. Allows, KING PIN angle has a major impact on the ability of the steering wheel to return to its start position.CASTERCaster is the degree (as represented in an angle) to which a wheel i situated ahead of or behind the top mount. It ensures the force, which attempts to restore the wheels direction to the straightforward direction when the steering wheel is turned.。
车辆专业术语
引擎系统(Automotive Engine System) 燃烧室(Combustion Chamber) 压缩比(Compression Ratio)连杆(Connecting Rod)冷却系统(Cooling System)曲轴箱(Crankcase)曲轴(Crankshaft)曲轴齿轮(Crankshaft Gear)汽缸体(Cylinder Block)汽缸盖(Cylinder Head)爆震(Detonation)排气量(Displacemint)1.引擎(Engine)风扇皮带(Fan Belt)浮筒油面高度(Float Level)四行程引擎(Four-Stroke Cycle)垫片(Gasket)齿轮润滑油(Gear Lubricant)热控制阀(Heat-Control Valve)敲击(Knock)主轴承(Main Bearing)歧管压力(Manifold Pressure)歧管真空(Manifold Vacuum)油底壳(Oil Pan)机油滤清器(Oil filter)机油泵(Oil Pump)爆声(Ping)活塞(Piston)活塞梢(Piston Pin)活塞环(Piston Ring)压力水箱盖(Pressure Cap)散热器(Radiator)火花测试(Spark Test)增压器(Turbo Charger)节温器(Thermostat)涡轮增压器(Turbo charger)二行程循(Two-Stroke Cycle)汽门间隙(Valve Clearance)汽门正时(Valve Tming)减震器(Vibration Damper)废汽门(Wastegate)水套(Water Jackets)水泵(Water Pump)2、传动系统(Drive Line System)F.F.式车辆(Front Engine Front Drive)F.R.式车辆(Front Engine Rear Drive)离合器(Clutch System)飞轮(Flywheel)离合器片(Clutch Disc, Clutch)液压式离合器系统(Cable-Operated Control System)手排档变速箱(Manual Transmission)自排档变速箱(Automatic Transmission)速率表(Speedometer Drive)同步啮合式变速机(Synchro-Mesh Type Transmission)行星齿轮装置(Planetary Gear System)超速传动(Overdrive)差速器(Differential)万向接头(Universal Joint)滑动接头(Slip Joint)传动轴(Drive Shaft Or Propeller Shaft)四轮驱动(Four-wheel Drive)车(主动)轴(Axle Shaft)3、刹车系统(Brake System)主刹车系统(Service Brake System)驻车刹车系统(Parking Brake System)刹车总泵(Master Brake Cylinder)及刹车分泵(Front & Rear Wheel Brake Cylinder) 动力刹车器(Power-Brake)刹车片(Brake Lining)刹车蹄片(Brake Shoes)鼓式刹车(Brake Drum)碟式刹车(Brake Disc)刹车油(Brake Fluid)4、钢圈与车胎(Wheel rim, Tire)轮胎面(Tire Tread)无内胎轮胎(Tubeless Tires)内胎(Tire Tube)轮胎尺寸(Tire Size)钢圈(Wheel Rim & Wheel Disc)铝合金钢圈(Alumminum Rim)轮胎平衡(Wheel Moving Balance)车轮定位(Wheel Alignment)偏滑测试(Side Slip Tester)5、汽车电系(Automotive Electric System)起动马达(Starting Motor & Starter)电磁开关(Solenoid Switch)卤素头灯(Halogen Headlamp)汽油表(Fuel Level Indicator)机油压力表(Oil Pressure Gauge)压缩机(Compressor)储液器和干燥器(Dehydrator)冷媒(Refrigerant)冷冻油(Refrigerant Oil)交流发电机(Alternator)调整器(Regulator)电瓶水(Battery Acid)电瓶电压(Battery Voltage)发火线圈(Coil)分电盘(Distributor)点火开关(Ignition Switch)火花塞(Spark Plug)分火头(Rotor)6、转向系统(Steering System)转向拉杆(Steering Linkages)2楼轮向齿轮(Steering Gear)回旋滚珠式齿轮(Recirclulating-Ball Steering Gear) 动力转向(Power Steering)7、悬吊系统(Suspension System)钢板弹簧(Leaf Spring)圈状弹簧(Coil Spring)扭杆弹簧(Torsion-Bar Spring)平稳杆(Stabilizer Bar or Torsion Bar)避震器(Shock Absorber)前悬吊(Front Suspension)后悬吊(Rear Suspension)自动水平控制装置(Automatic Level Control)8、车体(Body)全长(Overall Length)全宽(Overall Width)全高(Overall Height)轮距(Track)轴距(Wheel Base)感应烘烤(Induction Baking)9、其它(Other)三元触媒转换器(Three-Way Catalytic Converter)排气系统(Exhaust System)共振器(Resonator)蒸气液体分离器(Vapor-Liquid Separator)电子燃料喷射(Electronic Fuel-Injection System)氧气感知器(Oxygen Sensor)感知器(Sensor)电动汽油泵(Electric Fuel Pump)4WD－四轮驱动系统ABS－防抱死制动系统A-TRC－车身主动循迹控制系统Ap-恒时全*驱动AS-转向臂Az-接通式全*驱动ASM－动态稳定系统AYC－主动偏行系统ADS－可调式减震系统ADC－电子空气控制悬挂系统（奔驰）AIRMATICDC－（双操纵机构）电子控制空气悬（迈巴赫）ALS－自动车身平衡系统ARS－防滑系统ASF－全铝车身架结构（奥迪）ASL－排挡自动锁定装置ASPS－防潜滑保护系统ASR－加速稳定保持系统ASS－自适应座椅系统B-水平对置式排列多缸发动机BF-钢板弹簧悬挂BCM - 车身控制模块BAS－制动辅助系统CATS－连续调整循迹系统CBC－转弯防滑系统COMANDAPS－驾驶室管理和数据系统（迈巴赫）CVT－无级变速器CVTC-无级变速控制机构DATC－数位式防盗控制系统DAC－下山辅助系统D-柴油发动机（共轨）DD-缸内直喷式柴油发动机DQL-双横向摆臂DD-德迪戎式独立悬架后桥DB-减震器支柱DS-扭力杆DAS－drive authorization system 行驶授权系统\也是一种自诊断系统DSE－全面安全防护DISTRONIC－车距控制系统（迈巴赫）DSTC－动态稳定循迹系统Dynamic.Drive－主动式稳定杆DLS－差速器锁定系统DRC－动态行驶性能控制DSA－动态稳定辅助系统DSC－动态稳定制动系统DOHC-双顶置凸*轴ED-缸内直喷式汽油发动机EGR -废气循环再利用EAS－电控自动换档EBA－电子控制制动辅助EBD－电子制动力分配系统ESC－能量吸收式方向盘柱ESP－电子稳定程式EST－电动换挡器EPB－电控驻车制动系统ES-单点喷射汽油发动机EM-多点喷射汽油发动机EPS－电控转向助力系统EQR－电控快速倒档ETC－电子节气门控制ETS－电子循迹支援系统E-Diff－电子差速器FAP－粒子过滤装置FCV－燃料电池车FPS－防火系统FF-前*驱动FR-后*驱动FB-弹性支柱FSI-直喷式汽油发动机Fi-前置发动机（纵向）Fq-前置发动机（横向）GOA－全方位车体吸撞结构GF-橡胶弹簧悬挂GAS－可变几何进气系统HAC－上山辅助系统HBA－液压刹车辅助系统HDC－坡道控制系统Hi-后置发动机（纵向）Hq-后置发动机（横向）HP-液气悬架阻尼HF-液压悬架ICM - 点火控制模块ITEC－无离合器电子手排系统iDrive-智能信息驾驶控制系统（宝马）LSD－限滑差速器LDW－车道偏离警示系统LL-纵向摆臂LF-空气弹簧悬挂LINGUATRONIC－声控操作系统（迈巴赫）MBA－机械式制动助力器MDS－多排量系统Mi-中置发动机（纵向）Mq-中置发动机（横向）MR－中置发动机后驱动MRC－主动电磁感应悬架系统MSR－制动扭矩调节系统MIVEC－可变气门正时系统（三菱）MMI－人机界面多媒体交互系统（奥迪）MA-机械增压ML-多导向轴MAP - 空气流量计Multitronic－多极子-无级自动变速器NOS-氧化氮气增压系统OBD－车载诊断系统OHV-顶置气门，侧置凸*轴OHC-顶置气门，上置凸*轴PDC－停车距离控制系统PD-泵喷嘴PCM - 动力控制模块QL-横向摆臂QS-横向稳定杆RKE－安全遥控门匙RR－后置发动机后驱动R-直列多缸排列发动机RR-“后置引擎后*驱动”RWD－后轮驱动SAHR－主动式安全头枕SBC－电子感应制动系统（奔驰）SDSB－车门防撞钢梁SIPS－侧面撞击保护系统SLH－自动锁定车轮轴心SRS－双安全气囊SF-螺旋弹簧悬挂SSS－速度感应式转向系统STC－稳定及牵引力控制系统SDi-自然吸气式超柴油发动机ST-无级自动变速器SL-斜置摆臂SA-整体式车桥S-盘式制动Si-内通风盘式制动SFI-连续多点燃油喷射发动机ST-无级自动变速器TELEAID－紧急呼叫系统（迈巴赫）TCS－循迹控制系统Ti-VCT－双独立可变凸轮轴技术（此技术通过改善气流提高燃烧效率，可降低平均油耗５％）Tiptronic－轻触子-自动变速器TDi-Turbo直喷式柴油发动机TA-Turbo（涡*增压）T-鼓式制动VAD－可变进气道VDC－车身动态控制系统VIS－可变进气VSA－车身稳定辅助装置VSC－车身稳定控制系统VTCS－可变涡流控制VTEC－可变气门正时及升程电子控制系统ZBC－笼型车体概念VVT-i－智能正时可变气门控制系统V-V型汽缸排列发动机V-化油器VL-复合稳定杆式悬架后桥WA-汪克尔转子发动机W-W型汽缸排列发动机。
英语报刊选读-2汽车词汇
与汽车零部件相关的单词Horn 喇叭front wheel 前轮rear wheel 后轮tread 轮距chassis 底盘bodywork, body 车身rear window 后窗玻璃windscreen 挡风玻璃(美作:windshield)windscreen wiper 风档刮水器,风档雨雪刷fender, wing, mudguard 挡泥板radiator grille 水箱wing mirror 后视镜bonnet 发动机盖(美作:hood)roof rack, luggage rack 行李架license plate, number plate 车号牌wing 前翼子板hu bcap 轮毂罩bumper 保险杠front blinker 前信号灯taillight, tail lamp 尾灯backup light, reversing light 倒车灯stoplight, stop lamp 刹车灯rear blinker 转弯指示灯trunk, boot 行李箱tailpipe 排气管first gear 一档second gear 二档reverse 倒车档two-stroke engine 二冲程发动机diesel柴油机Water pump 水泵Inspection hole 检视孔Instrument lamp 仪表灯Integrated circuit 集成电路Instrument 仪表Internal teeth 内齿Ion exchanger 离子交换器Jet 喷气流，射流Joiner 接合件Junction 接合，连接点，中继线Oil seal 油封Oil tank 油箱Oil shield 油挡Oil thermometer 油温表Oil trough 油槽One-way traffic 单向行驶，单向交通Overrunning clutch 单向离合器Quick charge 快速充电Quick charger 快速充电机Pedal pad 踏板垫Pedal plate 脚踏板Pedal switch 踏板开关T andem cylinder 串列式缸T anker 罐(式汽)车；油轮T emperature ga(u)ge 温度表T ank filler 油[水]箱加油[水]口Useful load 有效载荷Water-cooled brake 水冷制动器Water-cooled engine 水冷发动机Yellow zone （转速表表盘）黄区Yellow light 黄灯Greaser 注油器Grease seal 滑脂油封Grease up 加油，加注润滑脂Insignia 汽车商标Inspection lamp receptacle 行灯插座Inspection pit 检修坑Inspection rack （汽车）检修台架Installation drawing 安装图Instrument board 仪表板Instrument board clock 仪表板时钟Instrument board support 仪表板支架Instrument cluster 仪表组，仪表群Instrument panel light switch 仪表板照明开关Instrument steering 仪表转向Instrument upper garnish 仪表板护面Integral cam 整体凸轮Internally toothed annulus 内齿圈Internal resistance 内阻力Internal thread 内螺纹Internal threed rolling 内螺纹滚轧Interrupter contact 断续器接点Inverted in-line engine 倒置气缸直列式发动机Invisible hinge 内藏式铰链，隐式铰链Involute teeth 渐开线齿Involute tooth gear 渐开线齿轮Ionize 电离Iron alloy 铁合金Iron carbide 碳化铁Irregular ignition 不正常点火Irreversible steering gear 不可逆转的转向器Jack lug 千斤顶座板Jack nub 千斤顶节Jack operating lever 千斤顶操纵杆Jack pump 油矿泵Jack screw 千斤顶丝杠Jammed clutch 卡住的离合器Jamming of valve 气门卡住Jamming roller 夹紧滚子Jam nut 锁紧螺母Jet carburettor 喷射化油器Jet engine 喷气发动机Jet needle 油嘴量针Jib crane 旋臂起重机Jig boring machine 坐标镗床Jig grinding 坐标磨削Jitter 信号不稳定性；颤动Joggled frame 弯骨架Joint cross （万向节的）十字头Joint pin 接合销Jumper cable 跨接电缆Jumper hose 跨接软管Jump seat 折叠式座位Jump spark 跳跃火花Junction box 接线盒Junkers-type engine 容克型发动机Junkers-type fuel injection system 容克型喷油装置Junk ring 活塞环槽镶圈Just gap(美) 电极间隙，火花间隙Oil pump cross gear 驱动机油泵螺旋齿轮Oil pump driven gear 机油泵从动齿轮Oil pumping （活塞环）泵油作用Oil pump location dowel 机油泵定位销Oil pump safety valve 机油泵安全阀Oil pump screen 机油泵滤网Oil pump tube 机油泵管Oil pump tube bush 机油泵管衬套Oil quenching[hardening] 油淬Oil regulating valve 机油调节阀Oil renewal 机油再生Oil reservoir 油罐，制动液罐Oil resistance solid tire 耐油实心轮胎Oil screen 滤油网Oil screen cover 滤油网盖Oil seal retainer 油封护圈Oil tank trailer 油罐挂车Oil tank truck 油罐车Oil tappet 液压挺杆Oil temperature 油温Oil temperature regulator 油温调节器Oil thrower 抛油环Oil tight 不漏油Oil wiper 擦油器Oily varnish 油性漆One cylinder engine 单缸发动机One hole nozzle 单孔喷嘴One-piece rim 一件式轮辋One-way road 单行线One wire system 单线制（电路）On ga(u)ge 符合公差Open cell 非封闭式电池Open combustion chamber 单一式燃烧室Open die forging 自由锻Open end wrenches 双手扳手Open exhaust 自由排气Open-link chain 开口链Open type car body 敞式车身Operating cam 作用凸轮Opposed cylinder engine 对置气缸式发动机Optical indicator 光学指示器Optical tool presetter 光学对刀器Oscillating axle 摆动轴Oscillating cylinder 摆动（油，气）缸Oscillation absorber 减振器Oscillatory instability 振荡不稳定性Oscilloscope 示波器Otto cycle 奥托循环Otto engine 四冲程内燃机Outboard brake 轮毂外悬制动器Outboard support 外侧支架Outer lane 外车道Outer panel [cover]蒙皮Outlet valve 出油阀Outlet velocity 出口速度Outline 外廊，外形；概要Out of control 失控Output 输出，输出功率Outside race 轴承外圈Outside seat 外座Ovality （活塞）椭圆度Ovalization （活塞）椭圆化Oval piston 椭圆形活塞Overall 总计的，全部的Overall efficiency 总效率Overfill valve 过满阀Overflow nipple 溢流管嘴Overflow pipe 溢流管Overflow valve 溢流阀Overfueling 呛油（供油过多而灭火）Overhang 外悬（车身前后端悬出轴外）Overhead camshaft 顶置凸轮轴Overhead camshaft type engine 顶置凸轮式发动机Overhead crossing 立体交叉点Overhead servicing vehicle 架空修理车Overhead valve 顶置气门Overheat 过热Overinflation （轮胎）过量充气Overlay 涂（镀）层Overload protection brake 防过载制动器Overload rating 过载定额Over-lubrication 过度润滑，过量润滑Over pass 立体交叉Over-revolution 超速Over-rich mixture 过浓混合气Overshoot 超调量Pedal-operated oil pump脚踏油泵Pedal pressure 踏板力Pedal shaft 踏板轴Pedal stopper 踏板限位螺栓Pedal travel 踏板行程Petrol economiser 省油器Petrol engine 汽油（发动）机Petrol pump 汽油泵Petrol tank strap 汽油蒸气Pferdestaerke 马力Phase delay 相位滞后Phase difference 相位差Radiator cowling 散热器罩Radiator flush 散絷器冲洗器Radiator hose clip 散热器软管夹Radiator insulation 散热器隔振垫Radiator mascot 散热器盖口装饰性标志Radiator of airconditioner 空气调节系统散热器Radiator overflow 散热器溢流管Radiator protecting plate 散热器护板Radiator repair stand 散热器修理架Radiator shell 散热器外壳Rear apron 后档板Rear axle 后轴,后桥Rear axle casing（独立悬挂）后桥轴壳Rear axle housing 后轴壳Rear axle bousing cover 后轴壳盖Rear axle radius rod 后轴纵向位杆Rear axle shaft 后桥半轴Rear axle tube 后轴半轴套管Rear bearing cover 后轴承盖Rear bearing cover packing 后轴承盖填料Rear brake 后轴制动器Rear brake lever 后制动器杆Rear brake lining 后制动器摩擦片Rear bumper 后保险杆Rear bumper height 后保险杠高Rear engine 后置发动机Rear-engined bus 后置发动机客机Rear engine rear drive 后置发动机后轮驱动Rear engine support 发动机后支架Rear servo-brake 后助力制动分室Rear shelf 后窗台板Rear side member 后纵梁Rear spoiler 后扰流板Rear spring 后弹簧Rear spring bracket 后钢板弹簧架Rear stabilizer bar 后稳定杆Rear support bracket 后支承架Rear support insulator bolt 后支架软垫螺栓 Tachograph 行驶记录表Tachograph paper 速度记录器用纸Tachometer 转速表Tachometer carburetor 转速调节式化油器Tailboard 货箱后板Tail bumper 后保险杠Tail pipe (排气管)尾管Tail slide 后(轮向外)滑Take-off 取走；起飞；功率输出Tandem 串联Tandem brake master cylinder 串联制动主缸Tandem engines 串联式发动机Tandem master cylinder 串联式(制动器)主缸Tandem piston 串联活塞Tangent(ial) cam 切线凸轮Tangential stiffness matrix 切线刚度矩阵Tangential water inlet 切向进水口Tank 油[水]箱[槽,罐]；坦克Tank capacity 油[水]箱容量Tank filler cap 油[水]箱加油[水]盖Tank filler opening 油[水]箱加油[水]口Temperature control valve 温度控制阀Temperature sensor 温度传感器Temperature stress 温度应力Temperature switch 温度开关Tempered heatabsorbing glass 吸热钢化玻璃Tempered spring 回火的弹簧Thermal analysis 热分析；热裂化Thermal balance 热平衡Thermal capacity 热容量Thermal conductivity 热传导率Thermal cracking 热裂化Thermal efficiency 热效率Thermal equivalent of work 热功当量Thermal expansion 热膨胀Thermal loss 热损失Thermal reactor 热反应器[堆]Thermal spraying 热喷涂[镀]Thermal treatment 热处理Thermofin 散热片Thermoplastic(s) 热塑性塑料Upper control arm (悬架)上控制臂Upper crankcase 上曲轴箱Upper dead center 上止点Upper spring seat 上弹簧座Upper wishbone 上叉形拉臂Upright drilling machine 立式钻床Upright support 立式托架Upset 镦锻Upset forging ratio 顶锻镦粗比例Used oil regenerator 废油再生器Useful horsepower 有效功率Useful voltage 有效电压U-slot piston U形槽活塞U-steel 槽钢U-turn (U-turn车辆)调头Wankel engine 转子发动机Warm up （冬季发动机）加温Warning board 标志牌，警告牌Warning buzzer 蜂鸣器（倒车用）Warning flasher 报警闪光灯Warning horn 喇叭Warning sensor 报警传感器Water circulation 水流循环Water-cooled exhaust manifold 水冷排气歧管Water-cooled jacket 水套Watercooler 水冷却器Water cooling 水冷Water nozzle 水喷嘴Water manifold （水套）导水管Water pump impeller 水泵叶轮Water quench 水淬（热处理）Water separator 水分离器Water trap 脱水器Weak mixture 稀薄混合气Wedge board 侧滑测定器Wedge brake 楔式制动器Wedge type[shape] 楔形车身Wedge type ring 楔形（活塞）环Wet clutch 湿式离合器Wet(cylinder) liner[sleeve] 湿式气缸套Wet multiple disc clutch 湿式多盘离合器Wheel 轮子，车轮；齿轮；转向盘；转动Wheel aligner 转向轮定位仪Wheel alignment indicator 轮位对准指示器Wheel alignment tester 轮位对准试验器Wheel arch 车轮拱罩Wheel balancer 车轮平衡机Wheel base 轴距Wheel bolt 车轮螺栓Wheel brake 车轮制动器Wheel cap 轮毂罩Wheel center 轮心（转向节上装车轮的心轴）Wheel changing 车轮换位Yaw velocity 横摆角速度Yaw vibration 横摆振动Yawing moment 横摆力矩Y-type engine 星形发动机Young's modulus (杨氏）弹性模量Z-alloy Z合金Zero bevel gear 零度锥齿轮Zero camber 零外倾（角）Zinc accumulator 锌蓄电池Zinc alloy 锌合金Zinc galvanizing 镀锌Zip(per) 拉链。
Tire常用 术语的中英文对照
COMPOUND：化合物配方
ATE: Accelerated Tire Evaluation 加 速TC的T:轮T胎ra评pe价zoid Contour Theory 梯形断 面UM形S:状U理lt论ra Mileage and Safety Theory 超SCC高T：里S程ti和ff安ne全ss理C论ontrol Contour Theory
PATTERN: 花纹 RIB Pattern：纵向条形花纹 LUG Pattern：横向花纹 BLOCK Pattern：块状花纹 Groove：花纹沟
Regroovable：可翻新（轮胎） OSD：Original Skid Depth 原始花纹深 度 RSD：Remain Skid Depth 剩余花纹深度 OD：Overall Diameter 外径
DOT：Department Of Transportation FMVSS：Federal Motor Vehicle Safety STRtAa：ndTahred T联ir邦e机an动d车Ri辆m安As全so标ci准ation IENTCR.TO美: 国Th轮e 胎Eu轮ro辋pe协n 会Tire and Rim TJeAcThMnAi:caTlheOrJgaapnainsaAtuitoonmo欧 bi洲le轮T胎ir轮e 辋 MUaTnQuGf:aUcntiufroerrmsTAisrseocQiuaatliiotny,IGNrCad日 in本gs汽 轮胎质量等级 Treadwear：试验场地上的耐磨性能 Traction：沥青与水泥路面的制动性能、 抓地性能 Temperature:室内高速耐久性能
悬架毕业设计文献检索
文献检索摘要1.邓志君董铸荣马德粮. 电动轿车独立转向轮悬架设计[J]，汽车技术，2010.12设计了一种四轮独立转向、独立驱动的电动轿车独立悬架，该悬架采用双横臂、扭杆弹簧结构。
将导向机构简化为几何模型，根据该几何模型在ADAMS软件中建立参数化模型，以车轮定位参数及汽车侧倾中心为评价目标，对悬架导向机构进行了优化设计制造出的样机符合设计要求。
提出了悬架扭杆弹簧的设计方法，并验证了其合理性。
四轮独立转向、独立驱动的电动轿车采用4个轮毂电机独立驱动电子差速同时采用4 个电机独立控制4个车轮转向，无传统汽车的传动系统和转向梯形机构传动效率高可以实现较理想的转向控制和汽车稳定性控制，另外，4个车轮都能够进行大角度转向，除了实现传统四轮转向汽车的正向偏转和逆向偏转外，还可以进行车辆的原地转向甚至横向行驶，极大提高了汽车的灵活性目前日本已经出现这种类型的概念车，国内对该类电动汽车已有研究。
2.吴志成陈思忠林程张斌. 中型汽车用麦弗逊式前独立悬架设计与仿真分析[J]，车辆与动力技术，2005.04麦弗逊式独立悬架自50年代面世以来, 由于构造简单、占用空间小、操纵稳定性良好等优点,在轿车和轻型越野车上得到了广泛的应用但由于典型的麦弗逊式独立悬架使用减振器兼做主销, 减振器活塞杆在相对减振器筒往复运动的同时, 又受到侧向力的作用, 减振器受力状态不好, 因此一些麦弗逊式独立悬架将减振器移出, 代之以专用的滑柱结构确定主销轴线, 此类结构又被称为滑柱摆臂式独立悬架目前麦弗逊式独立悬架在中、重型汽车上的应用还较少, 其原因一方面是中、重型汽车的车速较低、结构尺寸较大、对空间的要求宽松, 麦弗逊式独立悬架的优点体现不明显; 另一方面是麦弗逊式独立悬架技术在中、重型汽车上的应用不多, 设计人员在设计新车型时往往尽量避免尝试新技术, 以回避技术风险。
3.刘永臣. 独立悬架前横向稳定杆改进设计方法[J]，机械设计与制造，2010.04独立悬架前横向稳定杆的改进设计，可采用经典的计算方法，但存在需已知受力大小等问题。
底盘术语专业英语
ID CHS ENU pnFrom LEVEL 1轮胎坐标系和变量tire axis s底盘术语专业12轮胎接地中心center of t底盘术语专业13轮胎坐标系tire axis s底盘术语专业14轮胎侧偏角slip angle 底盘术语专业15滑移率slip rate底盘术语专业16自由半径free radius底盘术语专业17静负荷半径static load底盘术语专业18动负荷半径dynamic loa底盘术语专业19滚动周长rolling cir底盘术语专业110滚动半径rolling rad底盘术语专业111自由滚动车轮free rollin底盘术语专业112轮胎上的力tire forces底盘术语专业113轮胎垂直力vertical fo底盘术语专业114轮胎横向力lateral for底盘术语专业115轮胎纵向力longitudina底盘术语专业116径向刚度radial stif底盘术语专业117横向刚度lateral sti底盘术语专业118驱动力driving for底盘术语专业119滚动阻力rolling res底盘术语专业120外倾推力camber thru底盘术语专业121转弯力cornering f底盘术语专业122轮胎侧向力side force 底盘术语专业123侧偏阻力cornering d底盘术语专业124拖曳阻力resistance 底盘术语专业125牵引力tractive fo底盘术语专业126牵引阻力drag force底盘术语专业127轮胎力矩tire moment底盘术语专业128轮胎翻转力矩overturning底盘术语专业129滚动阻力矩rolling res底盘术语专业130回正力矩aligning to底盘术语专业131车轮力矩wheel torqu底盘术语专业132驱动力矩driving tor底盘术语专业133制动力矩braking tor底盘术语专业134轮胎拖矩pneumatic t底盘术语专业135力和力矩系数coefficient底盘术语专业136横向力系数lateral for底盘术语专业137驱动力系数driving for底盘术语专业138制动力系数braking for底盘术语专业139滚动阻力系数rolling res底盘术语专业140回正力矩系数aligning to底盘术语专业141侧偏刚度cornering s底盘术语专业142外倾刚度camber stif底盘术语专业143制动（驱动）刚度braking (dr底盘术语专业144回正刚度（回正力矩刚aligning st底盘术语专业145侧偏刚度系数cornering s底盘术语专业146外倾刚度系数camber stif底盘术语专业147制动（驱动）刚度系数braking (dr底盘术语专业148回正刚度系数（回正力aligning st底盘术语专业149轮胎附着系数tire adhesi底盘术语专业150工作点trim底盘术语专业151横向附着系数laternal ad底盘术语专业152驱动附着系数driving adh底盘术语专业153制动附着系数braking adh底盘术语专业154制动滑移附着系数sliping bra底盘术语专业1 55悬架几何学suspension 底盘术语专业1 56车轮中心wheel cente底盘术语专业1 57车轮定位wheel align底盘术语专业1 58前束角toe_in (ang底盘术语专业1 59主销后倾角kingpin cas底盘术语专业1 60主销后倾矩castor底盘术语专业1 61车轮外倾角camber angl底盘术语专业1 62主销内倾kingpin inc底盘术语专业1 63主销偏置距kingpin off底盘术语专业1 64横向滑移量lateral sli底盘术语专业1 65轴距wheel base底盘术语专业1 66轮距track底盘术语专业1 67悬架力学suspension 底盘术语专业1 68轮胎tyre底盘术语专业1 69新胎new tyre底盘术语专业1 70胀大轮胎grown tyre底盘术语专业1 71充气轮胎pneumatic底盘术语专业1 72有内胎轮胎tubed tyre底盘术语专业1 73无内胎轮胎tubeless ty底盘术语专业1 74外胎cover底盘术语专业1 75内胎inner tube底盘术语专业1 76垫带flap底盘术语专业1 77轮胎类型tyre type底盘术语专业1 78轮胎系列tyre series底盘术语专业1 79轮胎规格tyre size底盘术语专业1 80轮胎标志tyre markin底盘术语专业1 81速度符号speed symbo底盘术语专业1 82帘线cord底盘术语专业1 83胎面磨损标志tread wear 底盘术语专业1 84骨架材料framework m底盘术语专业1 85层数number of p底盘术语专业1 86层级ply rating 底盘术语专业1 87水胎curing bag底盘术语专业1 88硫化胶囊curing blad底盘术语专业1 89气囊air bag底盘术语专业1 90保留生产轮胎reserved ol底盘术语专业1 91载波重汽车轮胎truk tyre底盘术语专业1 92轿车轮胎passenger c底盘术语专业1 93工程机械轮胎earth-mover底盘术语专业1 94工业车辆轮胎industrial 底盘术语专业1 95农业轮胎agricultura底盘术语专业1 96林业轮胎logging tyr底盘术语专业1 97畜力车轮胎animal vehi底盘术语专业1 98航空轮胎aircraft ty底盘术语专业1 99摩托车轮胎motorcycle 底盘术语专业1 100力车轮胎cycle tyre底盘术语专业1 101自行车轮胎bicycle tyr底盘术语专业1 102普通断面轮胎conventiona底盘术语专业1 103低断面轮胎low section底盘术语专业1 104超低断面轮胎super low s底盘术语专业1 105宽基轮胎wide base t底盘术语专业1 106宽断面轮胎wide sectio底盘术语专业1 107斜交轮胎diagonal ty底盘术语专业1108子午线轮胎radial ply 底盘术语专业1 109活胎面轮胎removable t底盘术语专业1 110软边力车轮胎beaded_edge底盘术语专业1 111硬边力车轮胎wired_edge 底盘术语专业1 112直边自行车轮胎straight si底盘术语专业1 113钩边自行车轮胎hooked bead底盘术语专业1 114钩直型自行车轮胎croctchet t底盘术语专业1 115管式自行车轮胎tubular tyr底盘术语专业1 116越野轮胎cross_count底盘术语专业1 117沙漠轮胎sand tyre底盘术语专业1 118浇注轮胎cast tyre底盘术语专业1 119调压轮胎adjustable 底盘术语专业1 120海绵轮胎foam filled底盘术语专业1 121常压轮胎atmospheric底盘术语专业1 122内支撑轮胎internal su底盘术语专业1 123拱形轮胎arch tyre底盘术语专业1 124椭圆形轮胎elliptical 底盘术语专业1 125实心轮胎solide tyre底盘术语专业1 126粘结式实心轮胎cured_on so底盘术语专业1 127非粘结式实心轮胎pressed_on 底盘术语专业1 128圆柱实心轮胎cylindrical底盘术语专业1 129斜底实心轮胎conical bas底盘术语专业1 130抗静电实心轮胎anti_static底盘术语专业1 131导电实心轮胎conductive 底盘术语专业1 132耐油实心轮胎oil_resista底盘术语专业1 133高负荷实心轮胎high load c底盘术语专业1 134胎面花纹tread patte底盘术语专业1 135纵向花纹circumferen底盘术语专业1 136横向花纹transverse 底盘术语专业1 137公路花纹highway tre底盘术语专业1 138越野花纹cross_count底盘术语专业1 139混全花纹dual purpos底盘术语专业1 140定向花纹directional底盘术语专业1 141雪泥花纹mud and now底盘术语专业1 142花纹细缝pattern sip底盘术语专业1 143花纹块pattern blo底盘术语专业1 144花纹条pattern rib底盘术语专业1 145花纹沟groove底盘术语专业1 146花纹加强筋rib底盘术语专业1 147花纹角度pattern ang底盘术语专业1 148花纹深度pattern dep底盘术语专业1 149花纹展开图pattern pla底盘术语专业1 150光胎面smooth trea底盘术语专业1 151胎冠cap底盘术语专业1 152胎面tread底盘术语专业1 153胎面行驶面tread cap底盘术语专业1 154胎面基部tread base底盘术语专业1 155胎面基部胶tread slab 底盘术语专业1 156胎面过渡胶transition 底盘术语专业1 157缓冲层breaker底盘术语专业1 158带束层belt底盘术语专业1 159缓冲胶片breaker str底盘术语专业1 160包边胶tie_in stri底盘术语专业1 161冠带束cap ply底盘术语专业1162胎体carcass底盘术语专业1 163帘布层cord ply底盘术语专业1 164隔离胶insulation 底盘术语专业1 165封口胶sealing rub底盘术语专业1 166胎里tyre cavity底盘术语专业1 167内衬层inside line底盘术语专业1 168气密层innerliner底盘术语专业1 169胎肩shoulder底盘术语专业1 170胎肩区shoulder ar底盘术语专业1 171胎肩垫胶shoulder we底盘术语专业1 172胎侧sidewall底盘术语专业1 173屈挠区flexing are底盘术语专业1 174胎侧胶sidewall ru底盘术语专业1 175装饰胎侧decorative 底盘术语专业1 176装饰线decorative 底盘术语专业1 177装配线fitting lin底盘术语专业1 178防擦线kerbing rib底盘术语专业1 179胎圈bead底盘术语专业1 180钢丝圈bead ring底盘术语专业1 181钢丝包胶wire coveri底盘术语专业1 182胎圈芯bead core底盘术语专业1 183三角胶apex底盘术语专业1 184胎圈补强带bead reinfo底盘术语专业1 185胎圈包布chafer底盘术语专业1 186胎圈外护胶bead filler底盘术语专业1 187胎踵bead heel底盘术语专业1 188胎趾bead toe底盘术语专业1 189胎圈底部bead base底盘术语专业1 190内胎胎身tube body底盘术语专业1 191导水胶棱chine底盘术语专业1 192排气眼标志venting mar底盘术语专业1 193轮辋rim底盘术语专业1 194理论轮辋theoretical底盘术语专业1 195标准轮辋standard ri底盘术语专业1 196允许轮辋permitted r底盘术语专业1 197轮胎名义直径tyre nomina底盘术语专业1 198轮胎名义宽度tyre nomina底盘术语专业1 199总宽度overall wid底盘术语专业1 200断面宽度sectin widt底盘术语专业1 201断面高度section hei底盘术语专业1 202外直径overall dia底盘术语专业1 203驱动桥drive axle底盘术语专业1 204非独立悬架式驱动桥rigid drive底盘术语专业1 205独立悬架式驱动桥independent底盘术语专业1 206主减速器final drive底盘术语专业1 207单级主减速器single redu底盘术语专业1 208双级主减速器double redu底盘术语专业1 209前（后）置式双级主减front or re底盘术语专业1 210上置式双级主减速器top mounted底盘术语专业1 211行星齿轮式双级主减速planetary d底盘术语专业1 212贯通式主减速器thru-drive底盘术语专业1 213单级贯通式主减速器single redu底盘术语专业1 214双级贯通式主减速器double redu底盘术语专业1 215双速主减速器two speed f底盘术语专业1216行星齿轮式双速主减速two speed p底盘术语专业1 217双级双级主减速器two speed d底盘术语专业1 218轮边减速器wheel reduc底盘术语专业1 219行星圆柱齿轮式轮边减planetary w底盘术语专业1 220行星锥齿轮式轮边减速differentia底盘术语专业1 221外啮合圆柱齿轮式轮边spur geared底盘术语专业1 222差速器differentia底盘术语专业1 223轮间差速器inter-wheel底盘术语专业1 224桥间差速器inter-axle底盘术语专业1 225齿轮式差速器gear differ底盘术语专业1 226锥齿轮式差速器bevel gear 底盘术语专业1 227圆柱齿轮式差速器spur gear d底盘术语专业1 228防滑差速器limited-sli底盘术语专业1 229自锁式差速器self-lockin底盘术语专业1 230摩擦片式自锁差速器multi-disc 底盘术语专业1 231强制锁止式差速器locking dif底盘术语专业1 232桥壳axle housin底盘术语专业1 233整体式桥壳separable c底盘术语专业1 234可分式桥壳trumpet-typ底盘术语专业1 235组合式桥壳unitized ca底盘术语专业1 236半轴axle shaft底盘术语专业1 237全浮式半轴full-floati底盘术语专业1 238半浮式半轴semi-floati底盘术语专业1 239四分之三浮式半轴three-quart底盘术语专业1 240驱动桥最大输入扭矩drive axle 底盘术语专业1 241驱动桥的最大附着扭矩slip torgue底盘术语专业1 242驱动桥额定桥荷能力rating axle底盘术语专业1 243驱动桥额定（允许）输drive axle 底盘术语专业1 244驱动桥额定（允许）输drive axle 底盘术语专业1 245差速器锁止系数differentia底盘术语专业1 246驱动桥减速比drive axle 底盘术语专业1 247驱动桥效率（％）drive axle 底盘术语专业1 248驱动桥质量drive axle 底盘术语专业1 249转向横拉杆steering ti底盘术语专业1 250转向直拉杆steering dr底盘术语专业1 251转向节臂steering kn底盘术语专业1 252梯形臂tie rod arm底盘术语专业1 253梯形机构tie rod lin底盘术语专业1 254驱动桥drive axle底盘术语专业1 255非独立悬架式驱动桥rigid drive底盘术语专业1 256独立悬架式驱动桥independent底盘术语专业1 257主减速器final drive底盘术语专业1 258单级主减速器single redu底盘术语专业1 259双级主减速器double redu底盘术语专业1 260前（后）置式双级主减front or re底盘术语专业1 261上置式双级主减速器top mounted底盘术语专业1 262行星齿轮式双级主减速planetary d底盘术语专业1 263贯通式主减速器thru-drive底盘术语专业1 264单级贯通式主减速器single redu底盘术语专业1 265双级贯通式主减速器double redu底盘术语专业1 266双速主减速器two speed f底盘术语专业1 267行星齿轮式双速主减速two speed p底盘术语专业1 268双级双级主减速器two speed d底盘术语专业1 269轮边减速器wheel reduc底盘术语专业1270行星圆柱齿轮式轮边减planetary w底盘术语专业1 271行星锥齿轮式轮边减速differentia底盘术语专业1 272外啮合圆柱齿轮式轮边spur geared底盘术语专业1 273差速器differentia底盘术语专业1 274轮间差速器inter-wheel底盘术语专业1 275桥间差速器inter-axle底盘术语专业1 276齿轮式差速器gear differ底盘术语专业1 277锥齿轮式差速器bevel gear 底盘术语专业1 278圆柱齿轮式差速器spur gear d底盘术语专业1 279防滑差速器limited-sli底盘术语专业1 280自锁式差速器self-lockin底盘术语专业1 281摩擦片式自锁差速器multi-disc 底盘术语专业1 282凸轮滑块式自锁差速器self-lockin底盘术语专业1 283自动离合式自锁差速器self-lockin底盘术语专业1 284强制锁止式差速器locking dif底盘术语专业1 285桥壳axle housin底盘术语专业1 286整体式桥壳separable c底盘术语专业1 287可分式桥壳trumpet-typ底盘术语专业1 288组合式桥壳unitized ca底盘术语专业1 289半轴axle shaft底盘术语专业1 290全浮式半轴full-floati底盘术语专业1 291半浮式半轴semi-floati底盘术语专业1 292四分之三浮式半轴three-quart底盘术语专业1 293驱动桥最大输入扭矩drive axle 底盘术语专业1 294驱动桥的最大附着扭矩slip torgue底盘术语专业1 295驱动桥额定桥荷能力rating axle底盘术语专业1 296驱动桥额定（允许）输drive axle 底盘术语专业1 297驱动桥额定（允许）输drive axle 底盘术语专业1 298差速器锁止系数differentia底盘术语专业1 299驱动桥减速比drive axle 底盘术语专业1 300驱动桥效率（％）drive axle 底盘术语专业1 301驱动桥质量drive axle 底盘术语专业1 302转向横拉杆steering ti底盘术语专业1 303转向直拉杆steering dr底盘术语专业1 304转向节臂steering kn底盘术语专业1 305梯形臂tie rod arm底盘术语专业1 306梯形机构tie rod lin底盘术语专业1 307转向系steering sy底盘术语专业1 308机械转向系manual stee底盘术语专业1 309动力转向系power steer底盘术语专业1 310转向操纵机构steering co底盘术语专业1 311转向万向节steering un底盘术语专业1 312转向传动轴steering in底盘术语专业1 313转向管柱steering co底盘术语专业1 314转向轴steering sh底盘术语专业1 315机械转向器manual stee底盘术语专业1 316涡杆滚轮式转向器worm and ro底盘术语专业1 317转向器盖cover of st底盘术语专业1 318壳体housing底盘术语专业1 319转向蜗杆steering wo底盘术语专业1 320滚轮roller底盘术语专业1 321滚轮轴roller shaf底盘术语专业1 322侧盖side cover底盘术语专业1 323循环球式转向器recirculati底盘术语专业1324转向螺母steering nu底盘术语专业1 325钢球ball底盘术语专业1 326转向螺杆steering sc底盘术语专业1 327指销stud ,peg底盘术语专业1 328蜗杆指销式转向器worm and pe底盘术语专业1 329齿轮齿条式转向器rack and pi底盘术语专业1 330转向齿轮steering pi底盘术语专业1 331转向齿条steering ra底盘术语专业1 332动力转向器power steer底盘术语专业1 333整体式动力转向器integral po底盘术语专业1 334半整体式动力转向器semi-integr底盘术语专业1 335常压式液压动力转向器constant pr底盘术语专业1 336常流式液压动力转向器constant fl底盘术语专业1 337转向控制阀control val底盘术语专业1 338滑阀式转向控制阀spool valve底盘术语专业1 339阀体valve housi底盘术语专业1 340滑阀valve spool底盘术语专业1 341转阀式转向控制阀rotary valv底盘术语专业1 342转阀rotary valv底盘术语专业1 343扭杆torsion bar底盘术语专业1 344转向动力缸power cylin底盘术语专业1 345转向油泵power steer底盘术语专业1 346转向油罐oil reservo底盘术语专业1 347转向传动机构steering li底盘术语专业1 348转向摇臂pitman arm底盘术语专业1 349转向直拉杆steering dr底盘术语专业1 350端部螺塞end plug底盘术语专业1 351球头销ball stud底盘术语专业1 352球头座ball cup底盘术语专业1 353压缩弹簧compression底盘术语专业1 354直拉杆drag link底盘术语专业1 355转向节臂steering kn底盘术语专业1 356梯形机构tie rod lin底盘术语专业1 357整体式梯形机构single tie 底盘术语专业1 358梯形臂tie rod arm底盘术语专业1 359转向横拉杆steering ti底盘术语专业1 360接头socker底盘术语专业1 361横拉杆tie tod底盘术语专业1 362分段式梯形机构split tie t底盘术语专业1 363摇臂swing arm底盘术语专业1 364转向系角传动比steering sy底盘术语专业1 365转向器角传动比steering ge底盘术语专业1 366转向传动机构角传动比steering li底盘术语专业1 367转向器传动效率steering ge底盘术语专业1 368正效率forward eff底盘术语专业1 369逆效率reverse eff底盘术语专业1 370转向系刚度steering sy底盘术语专业1 371转向盘总圈数total numbe底盘术语专业1 372转向器扭转刚度torsional s底盘术语专业1 373转向器总圈数total turns底盘术语专业1 374转向盘自由行程free play o底盘术语专业1 375转向器传动间隙steering ge底盘术语专业1 376摇臂轴最大转角max.rotatin底盘术语专业1 377转向摇臂最大摆角max.swing a底盘术语专业1378转向器转动力矩rotating to底盘术语专业1 379转向器反驱动力矩reverse rot底盘术语专业1 380转向力矩steering mo底盘术语专业1 381转向阻力矩steering re底盘术语专业1 382转向器最大输出扭矩steering ge底盘术语专业1 383最大工作压力max.working底盘术语专业1 384额定工作压力rated worki底盘术语专业1 385转向油泵理论排量theoretical底盘术语专业1 386限制流量limited flo底盘术语专业1 387转向控制阀预开隙pre-opened 底盘术语专业1 388转向控制阀全开隙totally-ope底盘术语专业1 389转向控制阀内泄漏量internal le底盘术语专业1 390转向控制阀压力降pressure lo底盘术语专业1 391转向器角传动比特性steering ge底盘术语专业1 392转向器传动间隙特性steering ge底盘术语专业1 393转向器传动效率特性steering ge底盘术语专业1 394转向力特性steering fo底盘术语专业1 395动力转向系灵敏度特性power steer底盘术语专业1 396转向控制阀压力降特性steering co底盘术语专业1 397转向控制阀灵敏度特性steering co底盘术语专业1 398汽车和挂车制动名词术the terms a底盘术语专业1 399制动装备braking equ底盘术语专业1 400制动系braking sys底盘术语专业1 401行车制动系（常用制动service bra底盘术语专业1 402应急制动系emergency b底盘术语专业1 403驻车制动系parking bra底盘术语专业1 404辅助制动系auxiliary b底盘术语专业1 405自动制动系automatic b底盘术语专业1 406人力制动系muscular en底盘术语专业1 407动力制动系non-muscula底盘术语专业1 408伺服制动系servo braki底盘术语专业1 409助力制动系energy assi底盘术语专业1 410惯性制动系inertia bra底盘术语专业1 411重力制动系gravity bra底盘术语专业1 412气压制动系（气制动系air braking底盘术语专业1 413液压制动系hydraulic b底盘术语专业1 414电磁制动系electromagn底盘术语专业1 415机械制动系mechanical 底盘术语专业1 416组合制动系combination底盘术语专业1 417单回路制动系single-circ底盘术语专业1 418双回路制动系dual-circui底盘术语专业1 419多回路制动系multi-circu底盘术语专业1 420单管（线）路制动系single-line底盘术语专业1 421双管（线）路制动系dual-line b底盘术语专业1 422多管（线）路制动系multi-line 底盘术语专业1 423连续制动系continuous 底盘术语专业1 424半连续制动系semi-contin底盘术语专业1 425非连续制动系non-continu底盘术语专业1 426渐进制动gradual bra底盘术语专业1 427组成部分constituent底盘术语专业1 428供能装置energy supp底盘术语专业1 429制动能源braking ene底盘术语专业1 430控制装置control dev底盘术语专业1 431传能装置transmissio底盘术语专业1432制动器brake底盘术语专业1 433摩擦式制动器friction br底盘术语专业1 434鼓式制动器drum brake底盘术语专业1 435内张型鼓式制动器internal ex底盘术语专业1 436双领蹄式制动器（2L式two leading底盘术语专业1 437双从蹄式制动器（2T式two trailin底盘术语专业1 438双向双领蹄式制动器（duo two lea底盘术语专业1 439双向双从蹄式制动器（duo two tra底盘术语专业1 440领从蹄式制动器（LT式leading tra底盘术语专业1 441单向伺服式制动器（US uni-servo b底盘术语专业1 442双向伺服式制动器（DS duo-servo b底盘术语专业1 443外收缩型鼓式制动器external co底盘术语专业1 444带式制动器band brake底盘术语专业1 445盘式制动器disc brake底盘术语专业1 446钳盘式制动器caliper dis底盘术语专业1 447定钳盘式制动器disc brake 底盘术语专业1 448浮钳盘式制动器disc brake 底盘术语专业1 449浮盘式制动器floating di底盘术语专业1 450全盘式制动器complete di底盘术语专业1 451凸轮张开式制动器cam brake底盘术语专业1 452楔式制动器wedge brake底盘术语专业1 453轮缸（柱塞）式制动器wheel cylin底盘术语专业1 454刚性接合式制动器（锁positive en底盘术语专业1 455缓速装置（缓速器）retarder底盘术语专业1 456发动机缓速装置retarder by底盘术语专业1 457电机缓速装置retarder by底盘术语专业1 458液力缓速器hydro-dynam底盘术语专业1 459空气动力缓速装置aerodynamic底盘术语专业1 460电磁缓速器electromagn底盘术语专业1 461制动管（线）路braking lin底盘术语专业1 462供能管（线）路feed line底盘术语专业1 463促动管（线）路actuating l底盘术语专业1 464操纵管（线）路pilot line底盘术语专业1 465供给管（线）路supply line底盘术语专业1 466控制管（线）路control lin底盘术语专业1 467共用管（线）路common line底盘术语专业1 468应急管（线）路emergency l底盘术语专业1 469附加装置additional 底盘术语专业1 470辅助装置auxiliary d底盘术语专业1 471报警装置alarm devic底盘术语专业1 472报警压力alarm press底盘术语专业1 473保护压力装置protection 底盘术语专业1 474保护压力protection 底盘术语专业1 475制动蹄作用压力application底盘术语专业1 476制动蹄放松压力release pre底盘术语专业1 477制动力调节装置device to a底盘术语专业1 478车轮防抱死装置anti-lock d底盘术语专业1 479传感器sensor底盘术语专业1 480控制器controller底盘术语专业1 481调节器modulator底盘术语专业1 482单轮控制individual 底盘术语专业1 483多轮控制multi wheel底盘术语专业1 484轴控制axle contro底盘术语专业1 485边控制side contro底盘术语专业1486对角控制diagonal co底盘术语专业1 487组合多轴控制combined mu底盘术语专业1 488可变选择variable se底盘术语专业1 489低选择select-low底盘术语专业1 490高选择select-high底盘术语专业1 491预定选择predetermin底盘术语专业1 492车轮选择selection b底盘术语专业1 493平均选择average sel底盘术语专业1 494最低控制速度minimum con底盘术语专业1 495传感器信号sensor sign底盘术语专业1 496分辨率（脉冲式车轮速resolution 底盘术语专业1 497控制周期control cyc底盘术语专业1 498控制频率control fre底盘术语专业1 499制动力学braking mec底盘术语专业1 500控制力control for底盘术语专业1 501作用力application底盘术语专业1 502制动力矩braking tor底盘术语专业1 503总制动力total braki底盘术语专业1 504干扰后效制动力矩disturbing 底盘术语专业1 505制动力分配率braking for底盘术语专业1 506制动因数braking eff底盘术语专业1 507制动器效能因数brake effic底盘术语专业1 508制动蹄效能因数brake shoe 底盘术语专业1 509制动系的滞后braking sys底盘术语专业1 510制动器的滞后brake hyste底盘术语专业1 511控制装置开始作用时刻instant at 底盘术语专业1 512减速度开始产生的时刻instant at 底盘术语专业1 513减速度接近于稳定的开instant at 底盘术语专业1 514减速度开始急剧下降时instant at 底盘术语专业1 515减速度终止时刻instant at 底盘术语专业1 516驾驶员反应时间reaction ti底盘术语专业1 517促动时间actuating t底盘术语专业1 518机构滞后时间mechanism h底盘术语专业1 519增长时间build-up ti底盘术语专业1 520有效制动时间active brak底盘术语专业1 521放松时间release tim底盘术语专业1 522主制动时间main brakin底盘术语专业1 523总制动时间total braki底盘术语专业1 524停车时间stopping ti底盘术语专业1 525停车距离stopping di底盘术语专业1 526总制动距离total braki底盘术语专业1 527有效制动距离active brak底盘术语专业1 528踏板行程pedal trave底盘术语专业1 529踏板自由行程free pedal 底盘术语专业1 530踏板最大行程maximum ped底盘术语专业1 531制动功braking wor底盘术语专业1 532瞬时制动功率instantaneo底盘术语专业1 533制动初速度initial spe底盘术语专业1 534制动终速度final speed底盘术语专业1 535制动减速度braking dec底盘术语专业1 536瞬时制动减速度 a instantan底盘术语专业1 537平均制动减速度am mean bra底盘术语专业1 538最大制动减速度amax maximu底盘术语专业1 539制动过程中的现象phenomenon 底盘术语专业1540热衰退heat fade底盘术语专业1 541水衰退water fade底盘术语专业1 542恢复recovery底盘术语专业1 543过恢复over recove底盘术语专业1 544增强（突升）build up底盘术语专业1 545制动气阻braking vap底盘术语专业1 546龟裂cracks底盘术语专业1 547热龟裂heat cracks底盘术语专业1 548制动拖滞braking dra底盘术语专业1 549冷制动痹病cold brakin底盘术语专业1 550制动颤振brake chatt底盘术语专业1 551制动噪声brake noise底盘术语专业1 552车轮抱死wheel lock底盘术语专业1 553制动跑偏braking dev底盘术语专业1 554制动甩尾braking swe底盘术语专业1 555制动折叠braking jac底盘术语专业1 556制动跳动braking hop底盘术语专业1 557制动失效braking fai底盘术语专业1 558制动滑移braking ski底盘术语专业1 559制动点头braking nos底盘术语专业1 560汽车和挂车制动名词术The terms a底盘术语专业1 561真空泵vacuum pump底盘术语专业1 562喷射器ejector底盘术语专业1 563真空罐（真空筒）vacuum tank底盘术语专业1 564空压机（压气机）air compres底盘术语专业1 565气缸盖cylinder he底盘术语专业1 566气缸体cylinder bl底盘术语专业1 567活塞piston底盘术语专业1 568活塞环piston ring底盘术语专业1 569连杆connecting 底盘术语专业1 570活塞销piston pin底盘术语专业1 571曲轴crank shaft底盘术语专业1 572进气阀intake valv底盘术语专业1 573排气阀exhaust val底盘术语专业1 574储气罐（储气筒）air storage底盘术语专业1 575调压阀pressure re底盘术语专业1 576单向阀（止回阀）single chec底盘术语专业1 577滤清器filter底盘术语专业1 578进气滤清器air intake 底盘术语专业1 579排气滤清器air exhaust底盘术语专业1 580管路滤清器line filter底盘术语专业1 581滤网（芯）strainer底盘术语专业1 582油水分离器oil and wat底盘术语专业1 583防冻器anti-freeze底盘术语专业1 584空气干燥器air dryer底盘术语专业1 585排放阀drain valve底盘术语专业1 586压力保护阀pressure pr底盘术语专业1 587常用行车制动踏板装置service bra底盘术语专业1 588制动踏板braking ped底盘术语专业1 589踏板护套pedal pad底盘术语专业1 590踏板支架pedal brack底盘术语专业1 591衬套bushing底盘术语专业1 592套管collar底盘术语专业1 593销轴axis pin底盘术语专业1594回位弹簧return spri底盘术语专业1 595驻车制动操纵装置parking bra底盘术语专业1 596操纵杆control lev底盘术语专业1 597操纵杆支架control lev底盘术语专业1 598操纵杆导套control lev底盘术语专业1 599齿杆（棘轮）rod rack (r底盘术语专业1 600棘爪ratchet paw底盘术语专业1 601操纵缆绳control cab底盘术语专业1 602平衡臂equalizer底盘术语专业1 603拉杆（拉绳）pull rod (p底盘术语专业1 604拉杆导套（拉杆绳导套pull rod gu底盘术语专业1 605气制动阀air brake v底盘术语专业1 606单腔气制动阀single-cham底盘术语专业1 607推杆plunger底盘术语专业1 608气阀air valve底盘术语专业1 609平衡弹簧equalizing 底盘术语专业1 610膜片diaphragm底盘术语专业1 611双腔气制动阀dual-chambe底盘术语专业1 612串列式双腔气制动阀series dual底盘术语专业1 613并列式双腔气制动阀parallel du底盘术语专业1 614三腔气制动阀triple-cham底盘术语专业1 615三通路控制阀three way c底盘术语专业1 616双向止回阀（双通换向dual way ch底盘术语专业1 617继动阀relay valve底盘术语专业1 618快放阀quick relea底盘术语专业1 619继动快放阀relay and q底盘术语专业1 620挂车制动阀trailer bra底盘术语专业1 621挂车制动应急继动阀trailer bra底盘术语专业1 622挂车制动保护阀trailer bra底盘术语专业1 623挂车制动放松阀trailer bra底盘术语专业1 624手控制动阀hand brakin底盘术语专业1 625制动主缸brake maste底盘术语专业1 626有补尝孔式制动主缸compensatin底盘术语专业1 627主缸缸体master cyli底盘术语专业1 628皮碗防护垫cup protect底盘术语专业1 629主皮碗primary cup底盘术语专业1 630皮圈（副皮碗）ring cup (s底盘术语专业1 631弹簧座spring seat底盘术语专业1 632活塞挡圈piston stop底盘术语专业1 633卡环snap ring底盘术语专业1 634主缸推杆master cyli底盘术语专业1 635连接叉clevis底盘术语专业1 636防尘罩（套）boot底盘术语专业1 637残留阀residual va底盘术语专业1 638储液室fluid reser底盘术语专业1 639储液室盖fluid reser底盘术语专业1 640无补偿孔式制动主缸pertless br底盘术语专业1 641进油阀inlet valve底盘术语专业1 642串列双腔式制动主缸series dual底盘术语专业1 643第一活塞first pisto底盘术语专业1 644第二活塞secondary p底盘术语专业1 645轮缸wheel cylin底盘术语专业1 646伺服机构（助力器）servo mecha底盘术语专业1 647真空助力器vacuum boos底盘术语专业1。
双横臂独立悬架设计毕业设计
双横臂独立悬架设计摘要双横臂式独立悬架，是一种车轮在汽车横向平面内摆动的独立悬架，这种独立悬架被广泛应用在轿车前轮上。
双横臂式独立悬架按上、下横臂是否等长，又分为等长双横臂式和不等长双横臂式两种悬架。
等长双横臂式悬架在车轮上下跳动时，能保持主销倾角不变，但轮距变化大(与单横臂式相类似)，造成轮胎磨损严重，现已很少用。
对于不等长双横臂式悬架，只要适当选择、优化上下横臂的长度，并通过合理的布置，就可以使轮距及前轮定位参数变化均在可接受的限定范围内，这种结构有利于减少轮胎磨损，提高汽车行驶平顺性和方向稳定性，保证汽车具有良好的行驶稳定性。
目前不等长双横臂式悬架已广泛应用在轿车的前后悬架上，部分运动型轿车及赛车的后轮也采用这一悬架结构。
本次课题设计根据悬架系统设计的基本要求和给定的参数，完成了双横臂独立悬架的设计。
关键词:汽车；双横臂独立悬架；螺旋弹簧；减振器The design of double-wishbone independent suspensionAbstractDouble wishbone-type independent suspension, of which the wheels swing in a horizontal plane in the car, an independent suspension that has been widely used in cars on the front.Double wishbone-type independent suspension in accordance with the upper and lower arm length, etc. are also divided into equal length double wishbone and a long range two-type double wishbone suspension. Such as long double wishbone suspension in the wheel up and down beat, the kingpin inclination to maintain the same, but changes in Tread large (with a single arm is similar), resulting in severe tire wear, is now seldom used. The length double wishbone suspension, as long as the appropriate choice, to optimize the length of upper and lower arm, and a reasonable layout, you can make Tread and the front wheel alignment parameters are within acceptable limits the scope of this structure helps to reduce tire wear and improve vehicle ride comfort and directional stability, and ensure the car has a good driving stability. The current length double wishbone suspension has been widely used in the front and rear suspension cars, some sports and racing cars of the rear wheel is also used in this suspension structure.The subject of the design of suspension system design complete a double wishbone- independent suspension design in accordance with the basic requirements and the given parameters .Keywords:Vehicle; Double-wishbone suspension; Coil spring; Shock absorbers目录摘要 (I)Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................ I I 绪论 . (1)第一章悬架概述 (2)1.1 悬架设计的要求 (3)1.2 悬架对汽车性能的影响 (3)1.2.1 悬架对汽车行驶平顺性的影响 (3)1.2.2 悬架对汽车行驶稳定性的影响 (5)第二章独立悬架及弹性元件的结构形式与分析 (7)2.1 独立悬架的结构型式与分析 (7)2.2 弹性元件的特定分析比较 (8)第三章螺旋弹簧悬架设计 (10)3.1 悬架基本参数的选定 (10)3.1.1 悬架静挠度 (10)3.1.2 上下横臂长度的确定 (11)3.1.3 簧载质量的确定 (11)3.1.4 其他参数的确定 (11)3.2 螺旋弹簧的选择 (12)3.3 减振器的选择 (14)3.3.1 减振器类型的选择 (14)3.3.2 减振器主要参数的选择 (15)3.4 接头 (17)谢辞 (19)参考文献 (20)附录A外文翻译-原文部分 (21)附录B 外文翻译-译文部分 (33)附录C 实体图 (42)绪论随着社会经济和物质文化生活水平的提高，人们对汽车行驶的平顺性、操纵稳定性及安全性提出了愈来愈高的要求。
汽车英语术语
汽车英语术语0.7.1.8发动机附件纵臂式悬架trailing arm type ⾏李箱盖trunk lid起动机starter减振器shock absorber前舱盖engine hood发电机alternator钢板弹簧leaf spring铰链hinge压缩机Ac compressor螺旋弹簧coil spring⾏李箱铰链hinge of trunk lid⽪带Drive belt麦弗逊悬架Macpherson suspension引擎盖铰链hinge of engine hood惰轮Idler pulley顶盖边框内板roof side inner panel张紧轮Tensioner pulley0.7.1.10⾏驶-悬架系顶盖roof panel空滤器air filter/ cleaner横向稳定杆anti-roll bar顶梁upper frame进⽓歧管intake manifold滑柱shock strut车⾝覆盖件cover panel排⽓歧管exhaust manifold上控制臂upper control arm冲压件stamping parts三元催化three way catalyst下控制臂lower control arm前翼⼦板front fender前氧传感器upstream oxygen sensor 缓冲块bumper 后门内板rear door inner panel后氧传感器downstream oxygen sensor上跳缓冲块Jounce bumper后门内板加强板rear door inner panel reinforcement 碳罐canister 扭杆弹簧torsion spring把⼿door handle消⾳器muffler副车架subframe门锁door latch/lock中冷器intercooler球铰Ball joint加油⼝盖Fuel filler lid散热器radiator减振器缓冲座top mount冷凝器condenser上跳bump07.1.12内饰⼲燥瓶dehydrator filter下跳rebound车内后视镜interior mirror飞轮flywheel轴承bearing前座椅front passenger seat离合器壳bell housing上/下连杆upper/lower link后坐椅rear seat悬架弹性元件suspension spring element座椅软垫seat cushion0.7.1.9传动系上跳极限full bump门孔密封条door opening seal悬架suspension上跳动量bump travel⾏李箱luggage compartment⾮独⽴悬架dependent suspension满载GVW（Gross vehicle weight)仪表板instrument panel独⽴悬架independent suspension设计载荷design mass仪表cluster meter可变刚度悬架variable rate suspension空载curb mass组合式悬架combination suspension下跳动量rebound travel遮阳板sunvisor纵置板簧式parallel leaf spring type下跳极限full rebound地毯carpet上置板簧式over slung type轮跳⾏程wheel travel地板floor下置板簧式under slung type07.1.11四门、两盖装饰条moulding双横臂式悬架double wishbone suspension 车门框架door frame A柱护板 A pillar trim panel门护板door trim panel07.1.16脚踏板pedal车速表speedometer附属装置accessories盘式制动Disc brake⾥程表odometer整体式车⾝integral body摩擦⽚friction lining燃油表fuel guage制动蹄brake shoe安全带固定点safety belt anchorage框架frame制动盘brake disc头枕headrest⼿制动hand brake⿎风机blower轮辋Rim蒸发器evaporator轮胎偏置距wheel offset喇叭horn全钢车⾝All-steel body轴承偏置距Bearing offset⼿套箱glover box驾驶室cabin制动盘偏置距Disc offset帘式安全⽓帘curtain airbag防⽕墙fire wall顶蓬headliner前防撞横梁Front beam bumper07.1.18传动中控台console变速器Gearbox/Transmission烟灰缸Ash tray⽔箱横梁water tank bracket离合器clutch 1/3灭⽕器fire extinguisher⼤灯横梁head lamp bracket膜⽚弹簧离合器diaphragm spring clutch钣⾦sheet metal传动轴propeller shaft07.1.15车⾝、装饰冲压pressing万向节Universal joint前保front bumper焊装welding等速万向节CVJ_constant velocity joint 后保rear bumper涂装paint传动轴（横向）drive shaft散热器格删radiator grille总装Assembly前/后桥front/rear axle轮罩wheel cover门槛压板sill plate主减速器和差速器final drive and differenttial 前风挡front windshield侧裙护板rocker cover压盘pressure plate后风挡rear windshield包裹架Parcel shelf从动盘driven plate天窗sunroof前纵梁front rail分离轴承release bearing半轴half shaft门限位器door stopper07.1.17制动储液罐reservoir⽓弹簧Gas spring轮速传感器wheel speed sensor前/后传动轴front/rear drive shaft镀洛装饰条chromed moulding防抱死系统Anti-lock braking system中间⽀撑轴承center support bearing风挡下装饰板cowl bar cover制动踏板brake pedal离合踏板clutch pedal碰撞吸能块crash absorber液压制动hydraulic brakes分离叉release fork车顶装饰条roof moulding制动分泵总成wheel brake cylinder桥壳axle housing玻璃升降器window regulator制动泵总成Master brake cylinder齿圈ring gear07.1.22转向系⽅向指⽰灯direction indicator lamp侧偏刚度cornering stiffness机械转向系manual steering system除霜/除雾defrost/demist特征/临界车速characteristic/critical speed 动⼒转向系power steering system驻车灯parking lamps静态储备系数static margin转向操纵机构steering control mechanism倒车灯reversing lamps侧倾⼒矩Roll moment转向盘steering wheel汽车电⽓设备Automotive electrical system悬架侧倾刚度suspension roll rate循环球式转向器ball and nut steeringgear/recirculating ball-type⾼位制动灯CHMSL center high-mounted stoplights侧倾总刚度Totall roll rate转向管柱steering column制动灯stop lamp总转向传动⽐overall steering ratio组合开关combination switch位置灯position lamp不⾜转向梯度understeer gradient管柱上/下护罩upper/lower cover制动开关brake switch侧倾⾓梯度Roll angle gradient质⼼侧偏⾓梯度sideslip angle gradient转向横拉杆steering tie rod07.1.24底盘最⼤侧向加速度max lateral acceleration四轮定位wheel alignment 簧载/⾮簧载质量sprung /unsprung mass转向传动轴steering inner articulated shaft车轮外倾⾓camber angle纵向/侧向/垂向longitudinal/Lateral/Vertical齿轮齿条式转向器rack and pinion steering gear主销后倾⾓caster angle横摆⾓速度增益Yaw gain液压油泵oil pump主销内倾⾓Kingpin inclination angle侧向加速度增益Lateral acceleration gain储油罐reservoir tank前束⾓Toe angle横摆⾓速度Yaw rate/speed/velocity压⼒油管pressure line主销偏距scrub radius阶跃输⼊试验step steer test回油管return line主销拖距caster trail双移线Double lane change转向节steering knuckle侧倾中⼼⾼度Roll center height固有/激振/共振频率Natural/exciting/resonant frequency抗抬头/抗塌尾(加速时)Anti-lift/Anti-squat轮距wheel track/tread07.1.23电⽓抗点头/抗抬尾(制动时)Anti-dive/Anti-rise NVH noise,vibration and harshness电池battery弹簧刚度spring rate 舒适性和操稳性Ride and handling前照灯headlamp轮胎刚度tyre rate稳态操稳steady-state handling灯泡bulb悬架刚度suspension/wheet rate瞬态操稳transient state handling后雾灯rear fog lamps轮胎和悬架的总刚度ride rate转向⾓(车轮)steer angle回复反射器reflex reflectors轮胎接地⾯tyre contact patch转向⾓(⽅向盘)steering wheel angle牌照灯registration plate lamps回正⼒矩Aligning torque阿克曼转⾓Ackerman steer angle 2/3线束wire harness俯仰/横摆/侧倾Pitch/Yaw/Roll跳动转向(梯度)Ride steer/Ride steer gradient 刮⽔器wiper轮胎侧偏⾓slip angle侧倾转向Roll steer/Roll steer gradient⽰宽灯width lamps质⼼侧偏⾓sideslip angle侧倾外倾系数Roll camber coofficient/gradient 车载诊断装置OBD=on-board diagnostic 不⾜/中性/过多转向understeer/Neutal steer/oversteer制动转向Brake force steer加速度的加速度Jerk有效头部空间effective head room⼈体中⼼线driver centerline变速箱⼈机⼯程ergonomics2轮驱动2WD R点SgRP(seat referrence point)4轮驱动4WD全轮驱动AWD液⼒变矩器hydraulic torque convertor 换档杆shift lever换档⼿柄knob分动器transfer case限滑差速器limited slip differential⼈机⼯程靠背⾓back/torso angle臀部⾓hip angle膝盖⾓knee angle脚踝⾓ankle angle上视⾓upper visibility angle下视⾓lower visibility angle靠背线back/torso line眼椭圆eyellypse脚锺点Acceleration Heel Point(AHP)⼤腿中⼼线thigh line⼩腿中⼼线lower leg line肩部空间shoulder room臀部空间hip room膝盖点knee pivot point加速踏板中⼼pedal reference point(PRP)头部轮廓head contour⽅向盘中⼼steering wheel center有效腿部空间effective leg room肘部空间elbow room3/3。
半导体常用英语
1.Wafer Mount---贴膜2.Die Saw---芯片切割3.Die Attach---粘片4.Wire Bond---焊线5.Molding---模封6.Cropping---切筋7.Tin-dipping---浸锡8.Deflashing---去毛刺21.Travel log---随工单bine---合并23.Split---分开24.Hold---暂时控制住25.Release---释放26.Tester---测试机27.Handler---抓放机28.Program---程序41.Electrical---电的42.Theory---理论43.Interface---界面44.Advantage---优点45.Assembly---装配46.Result---结果47.Message---信息48.Wafer---晶圆通用部分I9.Marking---打印10.Testing---测试11.Packing---包装12.Raw Line---外观检查工位13.Frame---基板14.Molding Compound---模封材料15.Pellet---子弹16.Substrate---基板(BGA)17.Gold Wire---金线18.Al Wire---铝线19.Cu Wire---铜线20.Glue---银胶29.Yellow---黄色30.Black---黑色31.Red---红色32.Green---绿色33.White---白色34.Operator---操作员35.Technician---技术员36.Engineer---工程师37.Machine---机器38.Double---双份39.Power---动力,能源plaint---投诉49.Dangerous---危险50.Warning---警告51.Open---打开52.Close---关闭53.Agree---同意54.Refuse---拒绝55.Keep---保持56.Start---开始57.Stop---停止58.Everyday---每天59.Waiting---等待60.Paused---暂停61.Begin---开始62.Other---其他63.Setting---设置puter---电脑65.Quantity---数量66.Quality---质量67.Parameter---参数68.Monday---星期一81.Month---月82.Year---年83.Sensor---传感器84.Shuttle---往复装置85.Empty---空的86.Temperature—温度-87.Normal---正常88.Soak---浸泡101.WIP---待料102.Cycle Time---循环时间103.Material---物料104.Continue---继续105.Offload---下料106.Onload---上料107.End---结束108.Jam---堵塞通用部分II69.Tuesday---星期二70.Wednesday---星期三71.Thursday---星期四72.Friday---星期五73.Saturday---星期六74.Sunday---星期日75.Roster---倒班表76.Morning---早晨77.Afternoon---下午78.Night---晚上79.Shift---班次80.Week---星期89.Yield---成品率90.Magazine---盒子91.Reject---拒收92.Total---总的93.Device---产品种类94.Process---工艺95.Scrap---废弃96.Supervisor---领班97.Superintendent---主管98.Manager---经理99.Idle---死机100.Oven---烤箱109.Reverse---反转110.Re-test---重测111.Object---目标112.Contact---接触113.Light---灯光114.Dark---黑暗115.Air---空气116.Stay---停留117.Stray Units---散落的产品118.Error---出错119.Situation---情况120.Key---钥匙121.Badge---工卡122.Position---位置123.Housekeeping---清洁124.Open---打开125.Cover---盖子126.Change---更换127.Lot---产品批次128.Mask---口罩141.QA---质量部142.CAR---关于问题产品的报告143.QC---质量检查员144.FOA gate---前期质量检查145.Audit---检查146.Out-going---出货工位147.Examination---考试148.K---千通用部分III129.Smock---工衣130.Gloves---手套131.Finger Cot---指套132.Tweezers---镍子133.Bin---测试分类134.Shoes---鞋子135.Training---培训136.Meeting---会议137.Discipline Letter---警告信138.OT---加班139.Annual Leave---年假140.Salary---工资lion---百万150.Hundred---百151.TPM---全面生产管理152.ESD---静电153.E-stop---紧急开关工位–BGA Die Saw1.mount---贴2.wafer---晶圆3.frame---框架4.blade---刀片5.tape---膜6.cassette---盒子pletion---完成8.loader---上料un-loader---21.cover---盖子22.device---产品23.data---数据24.saw---切割25.wafer---水26.elevator---升降机27.spindle---主轴28.sensor---感应器wheel---41.center---中心42.chip---崩边43.change---变换44.enter---确认45.height---高度9.出料10.initial---初始化11.open---打开12.air---空气13.pressure---压力14.failure---失败15.vacuum---真空16.alignment---校准17.ink---黑点18.die---芯片19.error---错误20.limit---限制29.轮子30.setup---测高31.rotary---旋转32.check---检查33.feed---进给34.cutter---切割35.speed---速度36.height---高度37.new---新38.shift---轮班39.pause---暂停40.clean---清洗工位–BGA Die Attach1.wafer---晶圆2.die---芯片3.attach---粘贴4.glue---银胶5.substrate---基板6.magazine---盒子7.inspection---检查8.parameter---参数manual---21.statistics---统计22.calibration---校正23.bond---贴片24.conversion---改机25.thickness---厚度26.tilt---倾斜度27.shape---形状28.adjust---调整contact---41.ring---铁圈9.操作手册10.reset---重设11.enter---确定12.error---错误13.input---输入14.speed---速度15.stop---停止16.pressure---压力17.vacuum---真空18.sensor---传感器19.back side---背面20.pin---针29.接触30.cover---覆盖31.device---产品32.chip---崩边33.pause---暂停34.elevator---升降机35.initial---初始化36.alignment---校准37.ink---黑点38.cassette---盒子39.tape---膜40.frame---框架工位–BGA Wire Bond1.Parameter---参数2.Statistics---统计3.Utility---应用4.Teach---教习5.Bond tip offset—焊线点纠偏6.Contact search---接触测高7.Zoom off center---放大倍数偏心校准8.Calibration---校准18.Wire threading—送线器19.EFO ---电子打火20.Linear power ---线性马达21.Vacuum sensor---真空感应器22.Step driver—步进驱动23.Post bond inspection—焊接后检查24.Wire pull—拉线25.Ball shape—推球35.peeling---拔铝垫（扯皮）36.Bond off---脱焊37.Ball deformation—焊球变形38.servo motor—伺服电机9.BQM---焊接质量控制10.PR—pattern recognition—图像识别11.Alignment tolerance—对点偏差12.PR indexing—图像控制下的步进13.Capillary---焊线劈刀14.Wire spool—送线卷轴15.Window clamp—窗口夹板16.Transducer—功率换能器17.FTN---功能键26.Ball size—焊球大小27.Ball thickness—焊球高度28.Loop height—线弧高度29.Loop shape—线弧形状30.Neck crack—线颈折损31.Fine adjust –精确调整32.Conversion –换产品33.1st bond non stick—第一点不粘34.2nd bond non stick—第二点不粘工位–BGA Molding & Plasma I1.Semiconductor---半导体2.Molding –模封3.Onload---上料4.Offload –出料5.Belt —皮带6.Preheater turntable –预热转盘7.Transfer---传送8.Safety Door---安全门21.Cull bin –垃圾箱22.Pin---针23.Vacuum pump—真空泵24.Mornitor –显示器25.Cable –导线26.Profile---温度曲线27.Alarm---报警28.Error---错误41.Cylinder –汽缸42.Bearing –轴承43.Stop---停止44.Emergency Stop---紧急停止45.Gripper --夹子46.Heat –加热器47.Pipe –管子9.Pick and place –机械手10.Motor---马达11.Station –模腔12.Cleaning brush—清洁刷13.Cylinder---气缸14.Sensor---传感器15.Solenoid---电磁阀16.Turn over –翻转器17.Degate –切料口18.Bearing---轴承19.Picker---爪子20.Pusher –推动器29.Driver---驱动30.Sensor –感应器31.Inspection---检查32.Parameter---参数33.Manual---手动,手册34.Reset---复位35.Initialing---初始化36.Guide –导轨37.Substrate---基板38.Device---产品种类39.Lot Traveller---随工单40.Magazine---盒子48.Temperature---温度49.Hopper –漏斗press air –压缩空气51.Over flow—反面漏胶工位–BGA Molding & Plasma II52.Semiconductor---半导体53.Molding –模封54.Plasma –离子55.Operation –操作56.Flange –法兰盘57.Pump –泵58.Chamber –腔体59.Vent –气孔60.Value –值61.Filament –-灯丝62.Filament holder –灯丝座63.Alarm---报警64.Error---错误65.Inspection---检查66.Parameter---参数67.Manual---手动,手册68.Reset---复位69.Initialing---初始化工位–BGA Laser Marking1.Parameter---参数2.Statistics---统计3.Utility---应用4.Marking Fixture—框架ser Marking—激光6.Diode—二极管7.Power line—灯管式8.Power supply—电流17.Motor—马达18.Driver—驱动器19.Mouse—鼠标20.Fan—风扇21.Wire—线22.Connection—连接23.Jam—阻挡24.Sensor—传感器32.Reset –复位mp –灯管34.Keyboard –键盘35.Step –步进36.Alarm –报警37.Error –错误38.Microcard –微型控制卡39.Control –控制9.Input loader—进料负载10.Output loader—出料负载11.Input track—进料轨道12.Marking track—打印轨道13.Chammber—箱子14.Filter –过滤器15.Tuke –水管16.Semiconductor---半导体25.Cylinder—气缸26.Water tempreture—水温27.Current –电流28.V oltage—电压29.Frequency –频率30.Fine adjust –精确调整31.Conversion –换产品工位–BGA SBP1.Semiconductor---半导体2.Solder Ball Placement---放球3.Onload---上料4.Pusher---推杆5.belt—皮带6.Timing Belt---同步带7.Transfer---传送8.Safety Door---安全门21.Flux Head---助焊剂头22.Pin---针23.Reject Station---淘汰位置24.Offload---下料25.Reflow Oven---回流焊炉26.Profile---温度曲线27.Alarm---报警28.Error---错误41.Missing Ball---少球42.Double Ball---两个球43.Stop---停止44.Emergency Stop---紧急停止45.Input Card---输入卡46.Elevator---升降机47.Speed---速度9.Break---抱闸10.Motor---马达11.Serve Motor---伺服马达12.Step Motor---步进马达13.Cylinder---气缸14.Sensor---传感器15.Solenoid---电磁阀16.Axis---舟17.Flange---法兰18.Bearing---轴承19.Picker---爪子20.Ball Head---球头29.Driver---驱动30.Shuttle---往复传送机31.Inspection---检查32.Parameter---参数33.Manual---手动,手册34.Reset---复位35.Initialing---初始化36.Flux---助焊剂37.Substrate---基板38.Device---产品种类39.Lot Traveller---随工单40.Magazine---盒子48.Temperature---温度49.Teach Box---专用调试盒工位–BGA SSS1.Onload---上料2.Shuttle---小车3.Arm---臂4.Turret ---小塔5.Orientation---方向6.X-Y table---二维平台7.Good boat---好的产品座8.Reject boat---次品座21.Water pressure---水压22.Water curtain---水帘23.Solenoid---螺线管24.Safety door---安全门25.Flipper ---翻转板26.Carrier---传送带27.Timing belt---同步带28.Belt---皮带9.Sensor---传感器10.Cylinder---汽缸11.Motor---电机12.Step motor---步进电机13.Flow---流动14.Water pump---水泵15.Wash---洗16.Blade high---刀高17.Cutting channel---切道18.Misalignment---切偏19.Blade chip---崩裂20.Tube---管子29.Wheel---皮带轮30.Tray ---产品托盘31.Substrate---基板32.Air gun---气枪33.Air pressure---空气压力34.Cotton stick---棉签35.Alcohol---酒精36.Transfer---变压器37.Monitor---显示器38.Bearing---轴承39.Flange bearing---法兰轴承40.Microscope---显微镜BGA Testing (Process)1.Tray---产品托盘2.Unit ---一粒芯片3.Product/Device---产品4.Lot ---一批产品5.Travelog---随工单6.Open/Short(O/S)---开路／短路7.Function Reject---功能失败芯片8.Parameter Reject---参数失败芯片21.QA Sample---QA抽样22.QA Retest---QA 重测23.FT Program---生产程序24.QA Program---QA 抽样程序25.Test ---测试26.Retest---重新测试27.Sample---抽样28.Resample---重新抽样41.MPG ---存储产品组42.Cycling W/E ---循环写/擦除43.Burn-in ---一种预先发现潜在质量问题的测试44.DUT ---在测产品9.Cross Unit---没有晶元的芯片10.Die---晶元11.Qty---数量12.FE/Front End---前端（晶元工厂）13.BE/Back End---后端(封装测试厂）14.Test Program---测试程序15.Yield---成品率16.Output/Throughput---产量17.Hold---保留在本工位18.Release---可以放到下个工位19.Bin 1---测试通过的产品20.QA/QC---质量保证/控制29.Bake---烘烤30.Oven ---烤箱31.Tempareture---温度32.Duration---做某事的持续时间33.UI/User Interface---用户界面34.VM/Visual Mechanical Inspection---外观检查或机械检查35.Crack---裂开36.Scratch---划伤或擦伤37.SBL---各个Bin的统计限制值38.Wip---等待作业的产品D---蜂窝通讯事业部40.IMG---图象产品事业部工位–BGA Testing(Tester)1.Device Interface Board(DIB)芯片测试接口板2.Digital signal processing(DSP)数字信号处理3.DUT测试芯片4.A/D(analog-to-digital)converter模拟信号转换为数字信号仪5.Checker诊断程序6.EOT测试结束7.Hardware bin HANDLER分BIN信号8.High-Speed Digital(HSD)Instrument高速数字测试设备9.IMAGE交互式菜单图形系统21.Per Pin Parametric Unit(PPMU)单个pin参数测试单元22.Precision AC Subsystem II(PACSII)精密的交流测试设备23.Power Distribution Unit(PDU)电源配置器24.Mixed-Signal混合信号25.Multi-site test多位点并行测试26.Source信号源27.Digitizer数字化仪28.DSIO数字信号I/O29.Tester in a test head测试头全包容方式10.Initialize初始化11.Pinmap被测芯片管脚分配表12.Standard Test Data Format(STDF)标准测试数据格式13.Station Monitor显示测试结果的窗口14.Test computer测试机电脑15.Test function测试函数16.Test head测试头17.Test limit测试结果的上下限18.Test number测试号19.Test parameter测试参数20.Loop循环测试30.Universal Slots通用插槽31.Manipulator操纵架32.Cabinet机柜33.Electrostatic discharge(ESD)静电释放34.D/A(digital-to-analog)converter数字信号转换为模拟信号35.A/D(analog-to-digital)converter模拟信号转换为数字信号仪工位–BGA Testing(handler1)1.Handler---机械手2.Tray---(放产品的)盘子3.Bin---测试后产品的分类(一般Bin1表示好的,Bin6开短路,Bin7参数问题)4.O/S ---open/short,open开路,short短路)5.PARA---parameter 参数6.Cross unit---内部没有晶片的废品7.Unit—个体,单位,表示单个产品8.Device—产品19.Shuttle-in---进料运送装置20.Shuttle-out---出料运送装置21.Rotary Plunger---旋转测试头22.Hook—钩23.Contactor ---测试时压紧产品的装置24.Socket---测试座25.Pogo pin—测试针26.Allen Key--内六角扳手9.IC---集成电路(器件)10.DIB---Device Interface Board,产品接口板,用于连结产品和测试机11.Docking---用于连接机械手和测试机以确保产品能被良好接触加电的机械装置12.Manipulator--操纵器13.Terminal---控制终端14.DC—Device Carrier,传送产品的容器15.Screen---屏幕16.ATM-in—Automatic Tray Module-in 进料自动料盘传送装置17.ATM-out—Automatic Tray Module-out 出料自动料盘传送装置18.P&P(PNP)—Pick and Place,拿和放27.CUH---Contact Unit Holder28.Loader ---进料器29.Unloader---出料器30.Buffer—缓冲器31.Pre-centering—位置预修正装置32.Transfer—运送器33.Input---进料34.Output---出料35.Elevator---升降机36.Pre-heater---预热装置37.Ball Screw—传动螺杆38.Linear Guide---直线导轨工位–BGA Testing(handler2)1.Spring---弹簧2.Axis---轴线3.Plunger head---测试头4.DDD-Double Device Detection(重叠产品检测)5.Fibre---光纤维6.Encoder—编码器7.Binary—二进制8.Cable—电缆(线)21.Password—口令22.Menu---菜单23.Statistics—统计表24.Reset---复位25.Alarm ---报警26.Error---错误27.V-head—真空头28.Vacuum chuck (pad)—真空吸盘29.Regulator---调整器9.Tumble---翻转10.Rotate---旋转11.Twist---扭转12.Theta–角度13.Movement---运动14.Shifter---移动装置15.Vacuum---真空16.Brake—刹车17.EMO—Emergency Off,紧急停止18.Esc—Escape,退出19.Cover—盖子20.Amplifier—放大器30.Main power ---主电源31.Switch---开关,转换32.Enable—使能33.Disable—使失效34.Tray Stocker—料盘存放器35.Bush---衬套36.Magnetic---磁的37.Stroke—行(冲)程38.Jam---堵塞39.Drop—落下40.CDA–Compressed Dry Air,压缩空气工位–BGA Packing1.Packing--包装2.Tape--编带3.Leader--导带4.Trailer--尾带5.Pocket--格子6.Overlay--偏带bine--合并8.Split--分割9.Vacuum--真空21.Warpage--翘曲22.Scratch--划痕23.Crack--裂缝24.Chip--磞裂25.V oid--气孔26.Bubble--气泡27.Threshold--阈值bel--标签29.Contrast--对比度41.Transport--传送42.Damaged ball --坏球43.Protecting bar --防护带44.Ball bridging --球连体45.Tail end--尾数46.Peel force--拉力47.Ball height--球高48.Wrong orientation --错误方向49.Ball pitch--球间距10.Sealing--封合11.Tray--盘12.Vision--视觉13.Inspecting--检查14.Scanning--扫描15.Ball--球体16.Marking--打印标记17.Co-planarity--共面度18.Diameter--直径19.Reel--卷,卷盘20.Delamination--分层30.Humidity--湿度31.Indicator--指示卡32.Illumination--灯光33.Quality--质量34.Tolerance--工差35.Outline--外形/轮廓36.Dimension--尺寸37.Acceptance--接受38.Criteria--标准39.Parameter--参数40.Initialize--初始化50.Empty pocket --空格51.Short quantity --少数52.Over quantity --多数53.Carrier tape 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变截面少片簧主片中心运动轨迹研究与悬架运动学特性分析
主题词：变截面少片簧 主片中心轨迹 运动学 定位参数
中图分类号：U463.33
文献标识码：A
DOI: 10.19620/ki.1000-3703.20172034
Research on Main Leaf Center Trajectory of Taper Leaf ing
and Suspension Kinematics Analysis
每次加载后记录位移和加载力，并用三坐标仪测 量主片标记点的坐标值，得到变截面少片簧垂直位移 与垂向力的关系曲线并进行拟合，结果如图 2 所示。试 验得到变截面少片簧刚度为 253 N/mm，设计刚度为
汽车技术
刘宁，等：变截面少片簧主片中心运动轨迹研究与悬架运动学特性分析
254 N/mm，设计值与试验结果吻合。
汽车技术 · Automobile Technology
变截面少片簧主片中心运动轨迹研究与悬架 运动学特性分析
刘宁 赵丹 谷京哲 牟鹏伟
（一汽解放汽车有限公司商用车开发院，长春 130011）
【摘要】搭建专用试验台获取了变截面少片簧主片中心点的运动轨迹，分别与“SAE 圆弧理论”平面作图和 ADAMS 离
前卷耳
法 1）、前后卷耳连线（方法 2）、前卷耳后吊耳连线（方 法 3）3 种作图方法画出 SAE 圆弧，如图 4 所示。对圆 弧取点，得到主片中心点的运动轨迹并与试验轨迹对 比，结果如图 5 所示。
后卷耳
图 1 变截面少片簧轨迹测量试验台
表 1 变截面少片簧加载方式
mm
加载次数 垂直位移激励 加载次数 垂直位移激励
change rule of front wheel alignment parameters are obtained considering parallel wheel jumping and braking conditions.
汽车术语英语
1 车辆类型 1.1 基本术语 道路车辆 商用车辆 机动车辆 前驱动车辆 后驱动车辆 全驱动车辆 发动机前臵车辆 发动机后臵车辆 发动机中臵车辆 发动机下臵车辆 内燃机汽车 电动汽车 天然气汽车 太阳能汽车 混合动力车 汽车列车 多用途乘用车 运动型多功能车 休闲旅游车 1.2 载货汽车 微型货车 轻型货车 中型货车 重型货车 小型货车 1.3 越野汽车 轻型越野汽车 中型越野汽车 重型越野汽车 超重型越野汽车 1.4 自卸汽车 1.5 牵引汽车
汽车术语
Name/Terms
Maximum speed Time of acceleration Maximum grade ability Driving force Resistance to motion Grade resistance Aerodynamic drag force Aerodynamic drag coefficient Accelerating resistance Rolling resistance Rolling resistance coefficient Rolling resistance moment Normal force Tangential force Lateral force Coefficient of tire deformation Coefficient of road resistance Adhesive force Coefficient of adhesion Tractive force Tractional balance Dynamic factor Power/Mass ratio Torque/Maximum total mass ratio Power balance Reserve power Fuel economy Criteria for evaluation of fuel economy Constant-speed fuel economy Fuel economy of road test cycles Economy speed Braking performance Stopping distance Braking deceleration
光电英语词汇（W）
光电英语词汇(W)w-boat 钨舟w-ni diode 钨镍二极管w-type optical fibre w型光学纤维w-wire 钨丝wabbler mechanism 摇动机构wabbler mirror 摆动[反射]镜wadding 填料wadsworth mounting [凹面光栅]瓦兹渥斯装置wadsworth prism 瓦兹渥斯棱镜wafer (1)晶片(2)薄片(3)乾胶wafer-channel multiplier 片式通道倍增器waist 光速腰waist of gaussian beam 高斯光束腰waist radius 光束腰半径waist shot 半身镜头waist-level viewing finder 俯视式取景器wake-flow 尾流walk-off-angel 离散角walk-off-loss 逸散损失walk-off-mode 离散膜wall (1)墙壁(2)壁（管壁，容器壁等）wall action 壁面作用wall coating 壁面涂层，壁镀层wall of hole 孔壁wall thickness 壁厚walsh double-pass monochromator 沃尔什双通单色器walsh transform 沃尔什变换wand bar code scanners 光笔式条码扫描器wandering 漂游warehouse 仓库warm electron 温电子warm tones 暖色调warming up 加热，升热warming up time 加热时间，升温时间warning 警报warning device 警报装置warning laser radar 报警激光雷达warning system 报警系统warp 翘曲wash (1)洗涤(2)洗涤剂washer (1)垫圈(2)洗涤器washing (1)洗涤，冲洗(2)洗涤物washing agent 清洗剂washing solution 冲洗液washing/cleaning equipment 洗净设备waste fluid 废液waste gas 废气waste heat 废热waste water 废水watch (1)表(2)规watchdog 监视watching 监视water box 水箱water coolant 水冷却剂water cooling 水冷却water ga[u]ge 水标尺water glass 水玻璃water immersion 水浸water level (1)水准器(2)水平面water level ga[u]ge (1)水位表(2)水准仪water tight 不漏水的water vapo[u]r 水蒸气water vapo[u]r absorption 水蒸气吸收water-cooled 水冷的water-immersion system [显微物镜]水浸系统water-of-ayr stone 乌鸦水石[磨料]water-vapor laser 水蒸气激光器water-vapor plasma 水蒸气等离子体waterline 水线waterproof 防水watson's lemma 沃森引理watt 瓦[特]（电功率单位）watt-hour 瓦[特]小时watt-hour meter 瓦[特]小时计，电[度]表watt-sec 瓦秒wattage 瓦[特]数wattmeter 瓦特计wave 波wave aberration 波像差wave band 波段wave clipper 削波器wave contour 波轮廓wave crest 波峰wave curtain 波帘wave detector 检波器wave director 导波器wave disturbance 波扰动wave equation 波动方程wave filter (1)滤波器(2)滤光器wave function 波函数wave function modulation 波函数调制wave group 波群wave impedance 波阻抗wave loop 波腹wave mechanics 波动力学wave motion 波动wave node 波节wave normal 波面法线wave number 波数wave optical 波动光学wave path-eifference [波]程差wave pattern 波型wave plate 波片wave point 波点wave propagation 波传播wave property 波特性wave reflection 波反射wave refraction 波折射wave shape 波形wave spectroscopy 波谱学wave surface 波面，波陈面wave theory 波动说wave trace 波迹wave train 波列wave train frequency 群频wave trough 波谷wave vector 波速wave-amplitude 波振幅wave-echo 回波wave-front 波陈面，波前wave-front aberration 波陈面像差，波前像差wave-front angle 波陈面倾角wave-front chromatic aberration 波陈面色差wave-front division 分波陈面，分波面wave-front folding interferometer 波陈面折叠干涉仪wave-front interogram 波陈面干涉图wave-front matching 波陈面匹配wave-front reconstructing record 波陈面重现记录wave-front reconstruction 波陈面重现wave-front reconstruction imaging 波陈面重现成像wave-front reconstruction photography 波陈面重现照相术wave-front reversal 波前反转wave-front shearing interferometer 波陈面剪错干涉仪wave-front slope 波陈面斜度wave-front tilt warping 波陈面倾斜变形wave-number vector 波数矢[量]wave-optical mtf 波动光学调制传递函数wave-packet 波包wave-particle duality 波粒二重性wave-range 波段wave-trap 陷波器，陷波电路wavebeam guide (1)光导管(2)波导管waveform 波形waveform analyzer 波形分析器waveform distortion 波形畸变waveform error 波形误差waveform factor 波形因数waveguide 波导，波导管waveguide aperture 波导孔waveguide arc detector 波导弧型探测器waveguide attenuator 波导衰减器waveguide bundle 波导束waveguide dispersion 波导散射waveguide elbow 波导肘管，波导弯管waveguide fiber 波导纤维waveguide gas laser 波导气体激光器waveguide iris 波导可变光阑，波导隔膜waveguide lens 波导管透镜waveguide prism 波导管棱镜waveguide scattering 波导散射waveguide-magnetron 波导磁控管wavelength 波长wavelength accuracy 波长精度wavelength allocation 波长分配wavelength choice 波长选择wavelength coverage 波长范围，频谱段wavelength dispersion (wd) spectrometer 波长离散分光计wavelength dispersion measuring equipment 波长色散量测器wavelength effect 波长效应wavelength modulation spectroscopy 波长调制光谱学wavelength range 波长范围wavelength reading spectrometer 波长读数分光计wavelength repeatability 波长重复性wavelength spectrometer 波长分光计wavelength spectrum 波长谱wavelength spread 波长展开度wavelength stabilization 波长稳定化wavelength standard 波长基准wavelength-scanning photometer 波长扫描光度计wavelengthtunable 可调波长wavelent 子波wavelike 波状的wavemeter 波长计，波频计waver 波段开关waveshaping 波形形成waveshaping electronics 波成形电子学wavestrip 波带wavicle 波动粒子二像性waviness 波纹waviness of the surface 表面波形wax (1)蜡(2)打蜡wax block photometer 蜡块光度计wax polisher 蜡抛光模wax-faced pitch polisher 蜡面沥青抛光器wax-impregnated paper 石蜡浸纸way cover 导轨罩weak (1)弱的(2)淡薄的weak absorption 弱吸收weak coupling 弱耦合weak form efficiency 弱式效率市场weak image 浅淡影像weak light detection technique 微光探测技术weak light source 弱光源weak sight 弱视weak signal detection 弱信号采测weak wave 弱波weak-line approximation 弱谱线近似weakener 减光板weakly absorbing object 弱吸收目标weakly anisotropic resonator 弱各向异性共振腔weakly anisotropic waveguide 弱各向异性波导管weapon laser system 激光武器系统wear allowance 磨损留量wear limit 磨损极限wear-resistance 耐磨性wearing surface 磨损面weather laser radar 气像激光雷达weather map 天气图weather salellite 气象卫星weather vehicle 气候飞船weave (1)波形畸变（光栅的）(2)编，织web (1)钻心(2)连结板weber (wb)韦伯（磁通量单位）weber photometer 韦伯光度计weber's law 韦伯[亮度差阈]定律wedge (1)劈，光劈(2)楔，光楔wedge angle 楔角wedge effect 楔效应wedge etalon 劈状标准具wedge film 劈形膜，楔形膜wedge filter 劈形滤器wedge gauge 楔规wedge key 楔形键wedge lens condenser 楔形透镜聚光器wedge pattern 测试图楔使wedge photometer 劈片光度计wedge slot 楔形槽wedge spectrogram 楔型光谱图wedge spectrograph 楔形光谱仪wedge tolerance 楔形公差wedge-shaped 楔形的wedge-type interference filter 楔型干涉滤光片wedged window 楔形窗wedging 切成楔形weigert effect 韦盖特效应weigh-bridge 计量台，地秤weighing machine 计量机weight (1)重量(2)权重(3)砝码weight function 权函数weight of measurement 测量的权weighted arithmetic mean 加权算术平均数weighted average 加权平均[值]weighted code 权码weighted error 加权误差weighted mean 加权平均值weighting factor 权重因数weighting filter 加权滤波器，加权滤光片weighting function 加权函数weights and measures 计量，权度weir ga[u]ge 流量计weiss domain 外斯畴weissenberg camera 外森伯照相机weissenberg method 外森伯[方]法weissenberg photograph 外森伯照相weld 焊接weldability 可焊性welder (1)电焊工(2)焊机welding goggles 焊接护目镜welding wire 焊条well (1)井(2)[势]阱well-collimated beam 高准直束well-focused beam 高聚焦束welt 衬板wentzel-waller theory of scattering 温侧–沃勒散射理论werner band 沃纳带wernicke prism 威尔尼克[充液直视]棱镜weston speed 韦斯顿感光度weston's [standard] cell 韦斯顿电池wet cell 湿电池wet process 湿版洗印wet-and dry-bulb hygrometer 乾湿温度计wet-and dry-bulb thermometer 乾湿球温度计wetness (1)潮湿(2)湿度wettability (1)可湿性(2)可沾性wetting 润湿wetting agent 润湿剂wheatstone bridge 惠斯通电桥wheatstone stereoscope 惠斯通立体镜wheel (1)轮(2)齿轮wheel alignment 轮位对准wheel guard 轮罩wheel hub 轮谷wheel rib 轮辐wheel stand (1)轮架(2)砂轮架wheel tooth 齿轮齿wheelhead 砂轮头，磨头wheeling (1)运行(2)运转wheelwork 齿轮装置whirling 旋转whirlpool 涡流whisker (1)晶须(2)须触线，螺旋触簧whisker crystal 须状晶体whisker diode 触须型二极管whispering gallery effect 耳语廊效应whispering mode 耳语模，耳语波型white heat 白热white light 白光white light emitting diode lamp 照明用白色发光二极体灯泡white noise 白噪声；白色杂讯；白杂波white object 白目标white radiation 连续辐射white rouge 白抛光粉white wedge 白楔white x-radiation 连续x辐射white x-rays 连续x射线white-light coronograph 白光日冕white-light fringe 白光干涉条纹white-light hologram (1)白光全息图(2)白光全息照片white-light holography 白光全息术whiteness 白[色]度whiteness index 白色指数whiteout 乳白景象whitney key 半月销，半圆键，月牙键whiworth form of thread 惠氏螺纹牙样whiworth screw pitch 惠氏螺距whiworth standard screw thread 惠氏标准螺纹whole circle protractor 全圆分度器whole depth of tooth 全齿高whole-body exposure 全身照射，整体曝光whole-wave plate 全波片wide angle lenses 广角镜头wide dynamic range 宽动态范围wide field 宽场，广视场wide spectral range 宽光谱段，宽光谱区wide-angle 广角的wide-angle anastigmat 广角消像散镜头wide-angle coordinator 广角坐标方位仪wide-angle eyepiece 广角目镜wide-angle horizon sensor 广角平地仪wide-angle image 广角像wide-angle lens 广角透镜，广角镜头wide-angle mapping objective 广角摄影物镜wide-angle objective 广角物镜wide-angle panoramic photo 广角全景照片wide-angle photography 广角照相术wide-angle radiometer 广角辐射计wide-angle scanning 广角扫描wide-angle shower 广角簇射wide-angle system 广视角系统wide-angle viewing device 广角观察装置wide-aperture 大孔径的wide-aperture lens 大孔径透镜wide-aperture optical magnifier 大孔径放大镜wide-aperture optical system 大孔径光学系统wide-aperture system lens 大孔径系统镜头wide-band amplifier 宽[频]带放大器wide-band coating 宽频带膜层wide-band coherent light modulator 宽[频]带相干光调制器wide-band coma 宽束彗[形象]差wide-band communication system 宽频通信系统wide-band filter 宽带滤波片，宽带滤波器wide-band multichannel electron multiplier 宽频带多通道电子倍增器wide-band optical frequency translation 宽带光谱频变换wide-band pulse 宽带脉冲wide-band transmission system 宽带传输系统wide-film system 宽胶片系统wide-gap junction 宽禁带结wide-passband infrared system 宽通带红外系统wide-range monitor system 宽范围监视器系统wide-range oscillator 宽波段振荡器，宽频带振荡器wide-screen 宽银幕wide-screen film 宽银幕电影wide-to-tele zoon lens 广角远摄变焦镜wide-video amplifier 宽带视频放大器wideband 宽[频]带widening 展宽widening choice 加宽选择width between centers 中心距width of booth 齿宽width of fringe 条纹宽度width of transition steepness [脉冲]前沿陡度width parameter 宽度参数wiechert seismograph 维谢尔地震仪wiedemann-franz law 维德曼–夫兰兹定律wien's displacement law 维恩位移律wien's radiation law 维恩辐射定律wiener best filter 维纳最佳滤光片wiener spectrum 维纳谱wiener transform 维纳变换wiener-hopf filter 维纳–霍夫滤波器wiener-kolmogorov estimation filter 维纳–柯尔莫哥罗夫[血球]估定滤波器wigner-witmer rule 维格纳–威特默定则wild theodolite 威尔特经纬仪willian hershel telescope 威廉赫谢耳望远镜wilson cloud chamber 威耳孙云室wind gauge 风速计wind tunnel 风洞winder 绕线机，卷线机winding (1)绕法(2)绕组winding film 卷片window (1)窗(2)金属带（干扰雷达用）window material 窗口材料window of rube 管窗口（激光管的）window of water vapour 水蒸气窗口windowless channel electron multiplier 无窗通道式电子倍增器windows 窗windscreen tower 挡风玻璃塔wing 翼，机翼wing nut 蝶影螺母，元宝螺母wing scattering 翼形[侧向]发射wing screw 元宝螺丝wingtip 翼梢wire 线，导线，电线wire cross (1)十字丝(2)叉丝wire gauze 金属丝网wire ga[u]ge 线规wire grating 线[光]栅wire mesh 线网wire-electrode 有线电报wire-frame viewfinder 线帧寻像器wireless 无线电wirephoto 有线传真照片wire[d] television 有线电视wiring 接线，布线wirth prism 维斯棱镜wobblation 摆动，颤动wobble mirror 摆动[反射]镜wobble wheel 摆动轮wobbling effect 颤动效应wolfram (tungsten) (w)钨wollaston bolometer 渥拉斯顿测辐射热器wollaston lens 渥拉斯顿透镜wollaston meniscus 渥拉斯顿弯月形（凹凸）透镜wollaston prism 渥拉斯顿棱镜wollaston prismswollaston 棱镜wollaston wire 渥拉斯顿线（测量仪器用特细线）wollastonite 硅灰石wood anomalies 伍德变态wood's alloy 伍德合金woodruff key 半圆键，半月锁，月牙键word (1)字(2)字码word articulation 字的清晰度word generator 字码发生器word memory module 字存储模件word pattern 字模，码型work (1)工作(2)功work bench 工作台work function 功函数work head 工作台work holding 工作夹紧work sheet 加工单workability 可加工性workblank 毛坯workholder 工作夹具working aperture 有效[工作]孔径working distance 工作距离working distance of microscope 显微镜工作距离working drawing 生产图，加工图working ga[u]ge 工作量规working range 工作范围working standard 工作标准working voltage 工作电压workmanship (1)技巧，技艺(2)工作质量(3)工艺器workpiece 工件workshop ga[u]ge 工作量规workshop instrument 车间用计量仪器workshop microscope 车间用显微镜worm 蜗杆worm gear 蜗轮worm gearing 蜗杆传动装置worm mesh 蜗杆啮合worm thread 蜗杆螺纹worm wheel 蜗轮worn-out 磨损的wow [频率]颤动wrap angle 包角wrapper 壳，外壳wratten filter 喇滕滤光器，喇滕滤光片wreath filament 屈折螺旋灯丝wrench 扳钳，扳手wriggle (1)扭动(2)弯曲（放电）wringing fit 轻迫配合，紧配合wrinkle 皱纹wrist 肘节writer 记录器wrought iron 锻铁，熟铁wrought steel 锻钢wurtzite 纤维锌矿wye y型支柱，三通wye level y[型]水准仪，回转水准仪。
双横臂式悬挂系统外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译
附录双横臂式悬挂系统附录1 外文中文翻译按横臂数量的多少又分为双横臂式和单横臂式悬挂系统。
单横臂式具有结构简单，侧倾中心高，有较强的抗侧倾能力的优点。
但随着现代汽车速度的提高，侧倾中心过高会引起车轮跳动时轮距变化大，轮胎磨损加剧，而且在急转弯时左右车轮垂直力转移过大，导致后轮外倾增大，减少了后轮侧偏刚度，从而产生高速甩尾的严重工况。
单横臂式独立悬挂系统多应用在后悬挂系统上，但由于不能适应高速行驶的要求，目前应用不多。
双横臂式独立悬挂系统按上下横臂是否等长，又分为等长双横臂式和不等长双横臂式两种悬挂系统。
等长双横臂式悬挂系统在车轮上下跳动时，能保持主销倾角不变，但轮距变化大(与单横臂式相类似)，造成轮胎磨损严重，现已很少用。
对于不等长双横臂式悬挂系统，只要适当选择、优化上下横臂的长度，并通过合理的布置、就可以使轮距及前轮定位参数变化均在可接受的限定范围内，保证汽车具有良好的行驶稳定性。
目前不等长双横臂式悬挂系统已广泛应用在轿车的前后悬挂系统上，部分运动型轿车及赛车的后轮也采用这一悬挂系统结构。
双横臂式独立悬架，是一种车轮在汽车横向平面内摆动的独立悬架，这种独立悬架被广泛应用在轿车前轮上。
双横臂，顾名思义，两条臂横向布置，两臂有做成A字形或V字形，V形臂的上下2个V形摆臂以一定的距离，分别安装在车轮上，另一端安装在车架上。
双横臂式独立悬架一般多为不等臂双横臂式，上臂比下臂短，当汽车车轮上下运动时，上臂比下臂运动弧度小。
这将使轮胎上部轻微地内外移动，而底部影响很小。
这种结构有利于减少轮胎磨损，提高汽车行驶平顺性和方向稳定性。
由于当双横臂式独立悬架悬架变形时，车轮平面将产生倾斜而改变两侧车轮与路面接触点的距离——轮距，致使轮胎相对于地面侧向滑移，破坏轮胎和地面的附着。
-1-附录2 外文文献Number by the number of arm is divided into wishbone and single -wishbone suspension system. Single-Arm has a simple structure, roll center height, there is a strong anti-roll capability advantages. But with the increased speed of modern cars, the roll center is too high will cause the wheel beats track changes, tire wear increased, and in sharp turns around the wheel vertical force when the transfer is too large, resulting in rear wheel camber increases, reducing the rear wheel cornering stiffness, resulting in a serious condition high-speed flick. Single-wishbone independent suspension system multi-application system in the rear suspension, but can not meet the requirements of high speed, the current application is small. Double wishbone independent suspension system is at the upper and lower arm of equal length, is divided into equal length wishbone and the unequal length double wishbone suspension system of two. Equal length double wishbone suspension system in the wheel up and down when the kingpin inclination to maintain the same, but the track changes in a large (and similar single-Arm), resulting in severe tire wear, is now rarely used. For the unequal length double wishbone suspension system, as long as the appropriate choice to optimize the length of the upper and lower arm, and by a reasonable arrangement to enable track and the front wheel alignment parameters are within acceptable limits to ensure the car have good driving stability. Present unequal length double wishbone suspension system has been widely used in cars, front and rear suspension systems, part of the sports car and the car's rear suspension system is also using this structure.Double wishbone independent suspension, is a horizontal plane in the automotive wheel independent suspension swing, which is widely used independent suspension on the front of the car. Double wishbone, by definition, two-arm horizontal arrangement, the arms are made of A-shaped or V-shaped, V-shaped upper and lower arm of the V-shaped arm 2 to a certain distance, the wheels were installed in the other end installed in the car rack.Double wishbone independent suspension in general are mostly ranging-2-arm double wishbone type, upper arm shorter than the lower arm, the wheel when the car moves up and down, the upper arm under the arm movement than the smaller arc. This will move the tire inside and outside the top slightly, while the bottom has little effect. This structure helps to reduce tire wear, improve vehicle ride comfort and directional stability. Because when the double wishbone independent suspension suspension deformation, tilt wheel plane will have to change the wheels on both sides of the distance between the point of contact with the road - tread, causing the tire slippage relative to the ground, damage the tire and the ground attachment.-3-。
轮胎英语术语
轮胎英文术语轮胎tyre (tire)轮胎系列tyre series轮胎规格tyre size轮胎标志tyre marking速度符号speed symbol胎面磨耗标志tread wear indicator骨架材料framework material层数number of plies层级ply rating外胎cover内胎inner tube胀大轮胎grown tyre充气轮胎pneumatic tyre新胎new tyre有内胎轮胎tubed tyre无内胎轮胎tubeless tyre水胎curing bag保留生产轮胎reserved old series of tyre普通断面轮胎conventional section tyre低断面轮胎low section tyre超低断面轮胎super low section tyre宽基轮胎wide base tyre斜交轮胎diagonal tyre子午线轮胎radial ply tyre活胎面轮胎removable tread tyre越野轮胎cross-country tyre沙漠轮胎sand tyre浇注轮胎cast tyre调压轮胎adjustable inflation tyre海棉轮胎foam filled tyre常压轮胎atomospheric pressure tyre内支撑轮胎internal supporter tyre拱形轮胎arch tyre椭圆形轮胎elliptical tyre实心轮胎solid tyre粘结式实心轮胎cured on solid tyre非粘结式实心轮胎pressed on solid tyre 圆柱实心轮胎cylindrical base solid tyre 斜底实心轮胎conical base solid tyre抗静电实心轮胎anti-static solid tyre导电实心轮胎conductive solid tyre耐油实心轮胎oil-resistance solid tyre高负荷实心轮胎high load capacity solid tyre 胎面花纹tread pattern纵向花纹circumferential pattern横向花纹transverse pattern公路花纹highway tread pattern越野花纹cross-country tread pattern混合花纹dual purpose tread pattern定向花纹directional tread pattern雪泥花纹mud and snow pattern花纹细缝pattern sipe花纹块pattern block花纹条pattern rib花纹沟groove花纹加强盘tie-bar of pattern花纹角度pattern angle花纹纹深度pattern depth花纹展开图pattern plan光胎面smooth tread胎冠crown胎面tread胎面行驶面tread cap胎面基部tread base胎面基部胶tread slab base胎面过渡胶transition rubber of tread 缓冲层breaker带束层belt缓冲胶片breaker strip包边胶tie-in strip完带层cap ply胎体carcass帘面层cord ply隔离胶insulation rubber封口胶sealing rubber胎里tyre cavity内衬层inside liner气密层innerliner胎肩shoulder胎肩区shoulder area胎肩垫胶shoulder wedge胎侧sidewall屈挠区flexing area胎侧胶sidewall rubber装饰胎侧decorative sidewall装饰线decorative rib装配线fitting line防擦线kerbing rib胎圈bead钢丝圈bead ring钢丝包胶wire covering胎圈座bead seat胎圈座角度beat seat angle胎圈座圆角半径bead seat radius胎圈座宽度bead seat width可选择的胎圈座轮廓bead seat optional contours 凹陷型center-pente(CP)平峰型flat hump(FH)凸峰型round hump(RH)特殊座架special ledge(SL)胎圈芯bead core三角胶apex胎圈补强带bead reinforcing strip胎圈包布chafer胎圈外护胶bead filler rubber胎踵bead heel胎趾bead toe胎圈底部bead base内胎胎身tube body断面宽度section width断面高度section height高宽比（H/S）aspect ratio(H/S)外直径overall diameter自由半径free radius钢圈与车胎(Wheel rim, Tire)轮胎面(Tire Tread) ：指轮胎面接触在地面的部份，为防止打滑及散热起见，在轮胎面设置有许多花纹。
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