2013年高考二轮复习专题检测卷(十四)

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2013年高考二轮复习专题检测卷(五)

专题检测卷(五)（45分钟 100分）一、选择题(本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分)1.(2012·福建质检)历史学家巴里·科沃德认为：“(《权利法案》)规定，国王必须定期召开议会，但到底几年召开一次，法案并没有做出详细规定，更何况国王依然拥有随意召开和解散议会的权力；国王还拥有制定内外政策的权力，拥有任免各部大臣及官吏的权力。

”据其描述，当时英国( )A.实行责任内阁制度B.削弱了议会立法权C.国王仍然拥有较大的行政权D.国王处于“统而不治”的地位2.(2012·江苏三市调研)1742年，辉格党领袖、内阁首相罗伯特·沃尔波尔，因失去了下院多数的信任而被迫率内阁集体辞职，此后，“内阁失去下院多数信任必须辞职”就成为英国一种不成文的制度。

这一制度有利于( )A.进一步增强内阁首相的权力B.防止国家元首专制独裁C.强化内阁对议会负责的关系D.协调内阁与国王的关系3.19世纪30年代，英国议会曾对工厂用工问题、工人的劳动时间等问题进行了一系列社会调查，并于1833年颁布《工厂法》等法律。

这说明当时的英国( )A.1832年议会改革激化了社会矛盾B.工业革命的完成带来了严重的社会危机C.马克思主义已在英国广泛传播D.议会通过立法干预社会经济和生活4.恩格斯指出：“最先承认人权的美国宪法同时确认了存在于美国的黑人奴隶制，阶级的特权受了指斥，而人种的特权，则为法律所神圣化。

”这说明( )A.1787年美国宪法存在致命错误B.美国黑人奴隶没有得到基本的人权C.美国资产阶级享有法律特权D.美国宪法也有悖于人权理念的地方5.(2012·西城模拟)近代历史上，许多国家的议会实行两院制。

被称作“人民的双重代表制”的是( )A.英国议会B.美国议会C.德国议会D.日本议会6.1787年费城会议上，美国的建国者在选择了共和制后，却声称不要“民主”，他们的主张实际上应是( )A.并没有强烈的民主意识B.认为“共和”已包含了民主C.反对过激的直接民主D.要划清与英国的关系7.(2012·江南十校联考)英、德同为君主立宪制国家，但两国君主的权力差异很大，英国君主只是国家的象征，而德国皇帝却是国家权力的中心，根本原因是( )A.两国资本主义发展的程度不同B.两国走上资本主义道路的时间不同C.两国所处的地理位置不同D.两国统治阶级的构成不同8. (2012·广州二模)“(它)是共和主义与君主主义妥协的产物。

甘肃省2013届高三第二次高考诊断数学_文_试题

21．本小题满
12
知函数 f ( x ) =
1 + ln x . x 1 ) 2
在极值，求实数 a 的取值范围
I 若函数在区间 ( a, a + 釚如果
x ≥ 1 ，等式 f ( x) ≥
k 恒成立，求实数 k 的取值范围· x +1
请考生在第 22銓23銓24 题中任选一题做答銔如果多做銔则按所做的第一题记．做答时请写清题号． 22．本小题满 10 选修 4-1 几何证明选讲知在直角角形 ABC 中，∠ACB=90°，以 I,BC 为直径的⊙D 交 AB 点 D，连接 DO 并延长交 AC 的延长线于点 E，⊙D 的线 DF量交 AC 于点 F I 求证 AF=CF 釚若 ED=4，sin∠E=
11．知函数 y = f ( x ) 和 y = g ( x ) 在[一 2，2]的象如
鈇方程 f [ g ( x )] = 0 有且仅有 6 个根鈈方程 g[ f ( x )] = 0 有且仅有 3 个根鈉方程 f [ f ( x )] = 0 有且仅有 5 个根鈊方程 g[ g ( x)] = 0 有且仅有 4 个根．其中正确的命题个数是
I 求直线 l 的极坐标方程釚若直线 l 曲线 C 相交于 A銓B 两点，求|AB|． 24．本小题满 10 选修 4-5 等式选讲命题 Q 函数 y=lg ax − ax + 1 设命题 P 关于 x 的等式 x+ | x − 2a | >1 的解集为 R，
2
的定义域为 R．如果 P 且 Q 为假命题，P 或 Q 为真命题，求实数 a 的取值范围．
8．各顶点都在一个球面的正四棱柱高为 4，体为 16，则这个球的表面是 A．16 π B．20 π C．24 π 9．知函数 y=2sin2

2013年高考二轮复习专题检测卷(十二)

专题检测卷(十二)（45分钟 100分）一、选择题(本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分)1.以下三幅历史图片与新中国成立以来的历史发展相关，如果根据图片文字说明，要给这三幅图片确立一个恰当的主题，那么，这个主题应该是( )A.民主政治的成就B.民族团结的力量C.改革开放产生的巨变D.中国共产党的集中统一领导的作用2.1957年4月24日，周恩来在中共浙江省委扩大会议上说：“长期共存，互相监督，主要是讲中国共产党跟其他民主党派的关系。

党派的存在与否，不取决于任何政党或个人的主观愿望，而是由客观的历史发展所决定的。

”因为中国共产党与民主党派的合作( )A.开始于中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议B.有过民主革命和社会主义改造时期的经历C.最早出现在第一次国共合作时期D.在第一届全国人大上发展为最广泛的爱国统一战线3.(2012·盐城三模)下图是1953年1月24日“云南省西双版纳傣族自治州人民政府成立大会”的图片。

对该州政府成立的信息，解读正确的是( )A.民族区域自治制度已经走向完善B.该政府有权对本民族事务实行自治C.州自治制度得到了宪法的正式确认D.民族平等是我国的根本政治制度4.美国历史学家费正清在《观察中国》一书中写道：“他们每天都亲眼目睹少年们在‘阶级斗争’的借口下，对长辈进行抢劫、报复、打骂和侮辱；他们必须出席公开批判邻居、朋友、同事和父母的大会，甚至还要积极发言……”费正清笔下的历史事件( )A.严重践踏了中国的民主和法制B.促进了中国思想文化的发展C.发生在20世纪50年代D.体现了启蒙思想的自由平等5.(2012·皖南八校模拟)2012年3月4日，广东汕尾乌坎村选举第五届村民委员会，党总支书记林祖銮当选村委主任。

乌坎村委会民主选举的事例是( )A.我国基层民主不断发展的成功范例B.我国民主政治建设史上的里程碑C.21世纪我国政治体制改革的新成就D.新时期学习西方民主政治制度的结果6.原全国政协副主席赵朴初曾就新中国历史上某一重大事件作词《自度曲》：“澄波似镜长圆，如今正合林公语。

2013年高三第二次模拟考试试题

2013年高三第二次模拟考试试题注意事项：1．本试题卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，总分300分，考试时间150分钟。

2．答题前，考生须将自己的学校、班级、姓名、学号、座号填写在本试题卷指定的位置上。

3．选择题的每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，不能答在试题卷上。

4．非选择题必须按照题号顺序在答题卡上各题目的答题区域内作答。

超出答题区域或在其他题的答题区域内书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、本试题卷上答题无效。

5．可能用到的相对原子质量：Cu＝64 Fe＝56 C＝12 H＝1 O＝16第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共126分）一、选择题：（本大题共13小题，每小题6分，共78分，每题只有一个选项符合题意）7．下列与有机物结构、性质相关的叙述错误的是A．乙酸分子中含有羧基，可与NaHCO3溶液反应生成CO2B．乙醇分子中含有氢氧根，一定条件下能与盐酸发生中和反应C．苯和硝酸反应生成硝基苯，乙酸和乙醇反应生成乙酸乙酯，二者反应类型相同D．苯不能使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色，说明苯分子中没有与乙烯分子中类似的碳碳双键8．N A表示阿伏加德罗常数的值，下列说法正确的是A．25℃时，pH＝2的1．0L H2SO4溶液中含有的数目为0．02N AB．电解精炼铜时，当电路中转移N A个电子，阳极溶解32g铜C．1L 0．5mol·L－1（NH4）2SO4溶液中数目为N AD．向含有FeI2的溶液中通入适量氯气，当有1mol Fe2＋被氧化时，该反应转移电子的数目至少为3N A 9．室温下，下列混合溶液中，各离子浓度的关系正确的是A．pH＝12的氨水与pH＝2的盐酸等体积混合：c（）>c（）>c（）>c（）B．浓度均为0．1mol·L－1的硫酸氢铵溶液与氢氧化钠溶液等体积混合：c（）＞c（）＞c（）＞c（）＞c（）C．浓度均为0．1mol·L－1的小苏打溶液与烧碱溶液等体积混合：2c（）＋c（）＋c（）－c（）＝0．1mol·L－1D．浓度均为0．1mol·L－1的醋酸溶液与氢氧化钠溶液等体积混合：c（）＝c（）＞c（）＝c（）10．如右图所示，每个编号代表下列物质中的—种物质，凡是用直线相连的两种物质均能发生化学反应。

2013年高考二轮复习专题检测卷(一)

专题检测卷(一)（45分钟 100分）一、选择题(本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分)1.(2012·南京盐城三模)《说苑·立节篇》中记载，(战国后期)楚国白公胜作乱，申鸣为楚王率军而战，当白公胜虏其父作要挟时，申鸣说：“始吾父之孝子也，今吾君之忠臣也。

吾闻之，食其食者死其事，受其禄者毕其能。

今吾已不得为父之孝子矣，乃君之忠臣也，吾何得以全身。

”材料实质上说明了( ) A.诸侯严格履行分封义务 B.宗法制度陷于崩溃C.纲常伦理观念遭到摒弃D.君王政治地位提升2.(2012·泰安二模)王国维在《殷商制度论》中认为，“周人制度大异于商者，一曰立子立嫡之制，由是而生宗法及丧服之制，并由是而有封建子弟之制，君天下臣诸侯之制”，这实质上说明了( )A.商周政治制度存在差异性B.宗法制与分封制互为表里C.宗法制与礼制之间是因果关系D.周文化具有稳定性与延续性3.(2012·金丽衢一模)《史记·秦始皇本纪》记载：“三十五年(公元前212年)，除道，道九原，抵云阳，堑山堙谷，直通之。

”这一举措( )A.加强北部边防B.加强对少数民族地区的有效管辖C.是岭南地区归入中央王朝管辖的开端D.使“西南夷”地区开始进入中原统一政权版图4.(2012·海淀二模)汉武帝实行中外朝制度，任命侍从等担任尚书等官职。

如图为汉代尚书令官印印文。

对于汉代尚书令的叙述，正确的是( )A.参与军国大事，削弱相权B.与中书门下相互监督制衡C.执掌对百官的监察和考核D.六部尚书之首，百官之长5.(2012·南京盐城三模)《隋唐嘉话》载：“(唐高宗时)薛中书元超谓所亲曰：‘吾不才，富贵过分。

然平生有三恨，始不以进士擢第，不得娶五姓(世家大族)女，不得修国文。

’”材料说明当时的社会( )①科举取士成为重要的选官途径②士族门第观念仍很强烈③进士科受时人追捧④唐朝中书令负责修撰史书A.①②③B.②③C.①④D.①③④6.(2012·合肥模拟)以下是唐代科举考试主要科目及内容以上材料说明唐代科举制( )①实行分科考试选拔官员②测试考生记诵儒家经典的能力③检测考生解决实际问题的能力④明经科考试难度大于进士科A.①②③B.②③④C.①②④D.①③④7.(2012·烟台二模)马端临《文献通考》载：“宋朝设官之制，名号、品秩一切袭用唐旧。

2013年高考二轮复习专题检测卷(二)

专题检测卷(二)（45分钟 100分）一、选择题(本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分)1.(2012·东城一模)下列三幅图反映的是( )A.农业动力的变化B.灌溉工具的变化C.耕种工具的变化D.由采集经济向种植经济发展2.(2012·广州模拟)《晋书·傅玄列传》中记载：“耕夫务多种，而耕蟆不熟，徒丧功力而无收……不务多其顷亩，但务修其功力。

”这反映出中国古代农耕经济的特点是 ( )A.自给自足B.精耕细作C.适时收割D.因地制宜3.(2012·济宁模拟)《沈氏农书》 (右图)是中国明末清初反映浙江嘉湖地区农业生产的农书。

大约是明崇祯末年(1640年前后)浙江归安(今浙江吴兴县)佚名的沈氏所撰。

全书有“逐月事宜”“运田地法”“蚕务(六畜附)”和“家常日用”4个部分。

书中记载：“家有织户，织与不织，总要吃饭，不算工本，自然有赢。

”这段话反映了中国古代家庭手工业( )A.与农业相结合，竞争力强B.生产方式落后，效率较低C.以营利为目的，面向市场D.生产成本较低，自给自足4.(2012·苏州调研)古代南京云锦集历代织造工艺之大成，位列中国古代四大名锦之首，是专供宫廷御用或赏赐功臣之物。

云锦配色多达十八种，大量使用金线，形成金碧辉煌的独特风格。

其织造工艺高超，用“七个范子，八个障子”就能把杂乱无章的线理得井井有条，成语“七上八下”就出自云锦。

南京云锦最有可能生产于( )A.民营手工业B.官营手工业C.工场手工业D.家庭手工业5. (2012·潍坊一模)桓公曰：“处士、农、工、商若何?”管子对曰：“圣王之处士也，使就闲燕；处工，就官府；处商，就市井；处农，就田野。

”这反映了当时( )①社会分工更加细致②手工业由官府统一管理③实行“重农抑商”政策④政府强调规范社会秩序A.①②③B.②③④C.①②④D.①③④6.(2012·河南高考模拟)清初，在江南蚕桑业中心，一个家庭内由农夫种桑并种稻，农妇育蚕，“每年大致可以种桑1～2亩，育蚕10筐以下，产丝12斤左右”。

2013年高考历史二轮复习综合模拟卷(6)

综合模拟卷(六)专题一至十四（45分钟 100分）一、选择题(本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分)1.“……发迹的阶梯是对任何人都开放的，无论其家庭、出身和宗教信仰如何。

事实上，在不同社会集团之间存在着相当大的流动性。

权势之家或名门望族可能会因子孙不肖而败落，出身低微者则会通过这种制度而发达。

”这种制度是( )A.宗法制B.郡县制C.均田制D.科举制2.“古先圣王之所以导其民者，先务于农。

民农非徒为地利也，贵其志也。

民农则朴，朴则易用，易用则边境安，主位尊。

”材料体现出 ( )①重视农业生产②关注农民利益③抑制商业发展④力求社会稳定A.①②B.①④C.②④D.③④3.“所贵乎史者，述往以为来者师也。

为史者，记载徒繁，而经世之大略不著，后人欲得其得失之枢机以效法之无由也，则恶用史为？”王夫之《读通鉴论》中的这段话重在强调( )A.人们很难从历史记载中找到规律B.历史研究应该立足现实，学以致用C.历史记述不必涉及繁琐的历史细节D.《资治通鉴》史学研究价值不高4.(2012·吉林模拟)某学者写道：“衰落是一个容易使人上当的词，因为它包含了两个相去甚远的概念：一是外部力量的减弱，一是内部力量的衰败……拿意大利来说……在外部因素使其丧失了经济强国的地位之后，内部文化仍可达到巅峰。

”这里所说的“外部因素”是指( )A.贸易通道的改变B.殖民争霸战争的失败C.世界市场的形成D.西班牙、葡萄牙的竞争5.英国首相卡梅伦在北大演讲时说：“我在英国当首相没有专门的厨师为我做饭，只能去内阁蹭饭。

不仅如此，每年收入全部公开。

每周二、周四还要去下院接受质询，回来基本满脸都是口水。

”上述言辞主要反映了英国首相( )A.政治上无实权，必须服从议会B.为官清廉，能与阁臣共进退C.作为内阁首脑，接受议会监督D.经济待遇与其政治地位不相称6.恩格斯说：“不要过分陶醉于我们对自然界的胜利，对于每一次这样的胜利，自然界都报复了我们。

2013年高考二轮复习专题检测卷(四)

专题检测卷(四)（45分钟 100分）一、选择题(本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分)1.(2012·蚌埠模拟)斯塔夫里阿诺斯的《全球通史》记载：在15世纪早期这段异乎寻常的历史中……正是制度结构上和向外推动力方面的根本差别，在世界历史的这一重要转折关头，使中国的力量转向内部，将全世界海洋留给了西方的冒险事业。

这里的“西方的冒险事业”是指( )A.新航路开辟了世界历史的新进程B.文艺复兴推翻了神学世界观的束缚C.英荷战争确立了英国商业帝国的地位D.西方早期殖民扩张推动了世界市场的形成2.(2012·合肥模拟)1492年4月，哥伦布与西班牙国王签订著名的“圣大菲协定”。

协定规定：西班牙国王是一切新发现土地的宗主和统治者，任命哥伦布为上述地方的总督、钦差大臣和海军司令，有权获得当地总收入的1／10。

“圣大菲协定”的签订说明( )A.哥伦布获得了西班牙当局的支持B.哥伦布发现的新土地仅向西班牙交纳钱财C.西班牙国王无权干涉哥伦布新发现的土地D.西班牙从哥伦布新发现的土地上获取了大量资本主义发展所需的资本3.(2012·河南高考模拟)右图示意的是并存于菲律宾马克坦岛海边的两座纪念碑，其中一座碑上写着：“1521年4月27日，麦哲伦在和马克坦岛的首领拉普拉普及他的士兵遭遇战中死于此地。

”这两座纪念碑并存说明( )A.菲律宾人民不忘殖民历史B.菲律宾人民尊重历史，又能融入全球化趋势中C.菲律宾人民有反侵略的传统D.菲律宾人民是善待“文明”和“野蛮”的民族4.(2012·合肥模拟)“即使哥伦布没有发现美洲大陆，达·伽马没有绕好望角航行，在以后的几十年中其他人也会这么做。

总之，西方社会已经达到起飞点，即将起飞；而它一旦起飞，必将扫清海路，不可阻挡地向全球扩张。

”对材料解读正确的是( )A.哥伦布、达·伽马发现新航路的历史不可信B.欧洲向全球扩张的目的是为了“扫清海路”C.新航路开辟与殖民扩张是历史发展的必然结果D.新航路的开辟对西方经济起飞的作用微乎其微5.(2012·宜宾调研)“直到1500年以前，大西洋一直是一道栅栏，一个终点。

2013高考二模试卷

[注释]①辰：臧文仲名辰。②鬯：读 chànɡ。鬯圭、玉磬，都是名贵的玉器。
6.下列语句中加点词语的解释，不正确的一项是．．． A.结诸侯之信． B.今国病矣． C.贤者急病而让夷．齐 D.今我不如． A. 君盍以名器请籴于齐．王欲行之，则盍反其本矣． C. 诸侯莫不望分而欲亲晋．一夫当关，万夫莫开． A.国有饥馑，（则）卿出告籴 B.君不命吾子，（故）吾子请之 C.若（吾子）少安，恐无及也 D.既复命，为之请（于僖公）曰 9.下列对原文的理解和分析，不正确的一项是．．． A.臧文仲的政治主张是“重国轻民” ，认为当国家危难时，百姓应献出财宝来救国。 B.臧文仲认为，为官者要体恤百姓、勤勉理事，面对困难时，要勇于主动承担重任。 C.臧文仲出使齐国，言辞恳切，以礼动之，圆满完成任务，显示了杰出的外交才能。 D.臧文仲从善如流，采纳重馆人的建议使国家获得了更多土地，却又不据功为己有信：信任病：困苦急：勇于承担如：如同 B. 齐人归其玉而予之籴．地之多也． D. 诸侯其谁望之．其章大矣．
7.下列各组语句中加点的词，意义、用法都相同的一组是
8.下列语句括号中是补出的文字，补出后语句的意思不符合文意的一项是．．．
2
2013北京高考模拟试卷
三、本大题共 4 小题，共 24 分。 10．将第二大题文言文中画波浪线的句子译成现代汉语。（4 分）．． ①今国病矣，君盍以名器请籴于齐？(2 分) 译文：________________________________________________________________________ ②善有章，虽贱赏也；恶有衅，虽贵罚也(2 分) 译文：_______________________________________________________________________ _阅读下面这首诗，完成第 11 题。(7 分) 醉落魄① 范成大栖鸟飞绝，绛河②绿雾星明灭。烧香曳簟眠清樾③。花影吹笙，满地淡黄月。好风碎竹声如雪，昭华④三弄临风咽。鬓丝撩乱纶巾折。凉满北窗，休共软红⑤说。

高考政治二轮复习专题14唯物辩证法的联系观与发展观(测)(含解析)

专题十四唯物辩证法的联系观与发展观总分 100分时间 45分钟班级 _______ 学号 _______ 得分_______一、选择题（本题包括12小题，每小题只有一个选项符合题意，每小题4分，共48分）1．【湖北宜昌示范高中协作体2019届高三第一学期期中】研究人员发现,一个人的音乐品味可以透露出大量个人信息。

喜欢简单的原声音乐的人,可能健谈又精力旺盛；热爱歌剧的人，可能富有洞察力和想象力；喜欢蓝调音乐、古典音乐和爵士乐等复杂音乐的人，在“经验开放性方面得分很高，但不善于运动；喜欢乡村音乐流行音乐和配乐等欢快音乐的人，一般在经验开放性和智商方面的得分都较低。

这表明①人们可以透过事物的表面联系把握其内在的联系②人们可以从事物的固有联系中去把握事物③认识事物的本质联系能引导事物朝有利的方向转化④人们建立人为联系的活动都是有条件的A．①②B．①③C．②④D．③④【答案】A【解析】“研究人员发现,一个人的音乐品味可以透露出大量个人信息”，体现了人们可以透过事物的表面联系把握其内在的联系，人们可以从事物的固有联系中去把握事物，①②符合题意。

材料不能体现认识事物的本质联系能引导事物朝有利的方向转化，③不符合题意。

材料没有涉及人为事物的联系，④不符合题意。

故本题选A。

2．【鄂州、黄冈2019届高三上学期元月调研】2018年“退群”当选为年度高频热词，美国总统特朗普宣布退出伊核协议，并重启对伊朗的制裁，后又扬言退出《中导条约》,加剧了与俄罗斯的矛盾和纷争，美国一系列的“退群”行为将会给世界局势带来不确定的因素。

这启示我们①矛盾具有统一性，重视同一性推动事物变化发展②调整事物的关键部分，会制约事物整体功能发挥③发挥主观能动性必须以尊重联系的客观性为前提④整体和部分是辩证统一的，必须坚持二者的统一A．①③B．①②C．③④D．②④【解析】矛盾双方既对立又统一，由此推动事物变化发展，①错误；材料体现了部分对整体的影响，但没体现关键部分的调整制约事物整体功能发挥，②排除；美国一系列的“退群”行为，加剧了与俄罗斯的矛盾和纷争，将会给世界局势带来不确定的因素，这启示我们发挥主观能动性必须以尊重联系的客观性为前提，故③正确；美国是世界的一部分，美国一系列的“退群”行为将会给世界局势带来不确定的因素，这启示我们整体和部分是辩证统一的，必须坚持二者的统一，故④正确。

专题14 有机合成与推断(题型突破)(测试)-2024年高考化学二轮复习讲练测(新教材(0001)

专题14 有机合成与推断(题型突破)(考试时间：75分钟试卷满分：100分)1．(12分)心脏病治疗药左西孟坦中间体属于哒嗪酮类化合物，其合成路线如图：回答下列问题：(1)K中含氧官能团的名称是___。

(2)C的名称为___，D→E的反应类型是___。

(3)条件1是___，I的结构简式为___(用“*”标注手性碳原子)。

(4)写出K→L反应的化学方程式：___。

(5)化合物K的同分异构体中，写出满足下列条件的同分异构体有___种。

①能发生水解反应；②属于芳香族化合物。

(6)设计由丙酮()和OHC—CHO为原料，结合本题合成路线中的无机试剂制备的合成路线：___(合成需要三步)。

2．(12分)化合物G是一种生物拮抗剂的前体，它的合成路线如下所示：请回答：(1)A的官能团名称是。

(2)下列说法正确的是___________。

A ．化合物B 、C 都具有碱性B ．C→D 的反应类型是还原反应C ．已知用甲酸乙酯代替HC(OC 2H 5)3和D 反应生成E ，推测其限度相对较小D ．化合物G 的分子式是C 9H 8ClN 4(3)化合物 F 的结构简式是。

(4)已知D→E 的反应生成三个相同的小分子，写出化学方程式。

(5)写出同时符合下列条件E 的同分异构的结构简式。

①分子中只含一个苯环、不含其它环②可以发生银镜反应③核磁共振氢谱表明分子中有3 种不同化学环境的氢原子(6)完成以F 为原料合成G 的路线(用流程图表示，无机试剂任选) 。

3．(12分)药物瑞德西韦(Remdesivir)对最初的新型冠状病毒有较好的抑制作用，K()，为该药物合成的中间体，其合成路线如下：已知：2SOCl RCOOH RCOCl −−−→，3NH 2ROH RNH −−−→回答下列问题：(1)Ⅰ的名称是，J 的结构简式是。

(2)下列说法正确的是___________。

A ．B→C 的反应类型为取代反应B ．有机物F 是稠环芳香烃C ．1molD 最多能与3molNaOH 反应 D ．K 的分子式为C 20H 25N 2PO 7(3)写出E→F的化学方程式。

2013年高考二轮复习专题检测卷(六)

专题检测卷(六)（45分钟 100分）一、选择题(本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分)1.美国学者格鲁弗·威尔逊说：“用艾萨克·牛顿的词句所说明的运动三大定律，但却是以伽利略的研究成果为依据。

衣服是牛顿的，身体却是伽利略的。

”按他的意思可以得出的结论是 ( )A.物体运动三大定律的提出者是伽利略B.伽利略是牛顿力学体系的奠基者C.“科学巨人”牛顿名不副实D.经典力学是两人通力合作的成果2.(2012·镇江模拟)针对“地圆学说”，清朝士大夫杨光先说：“若四大部州，万国之山河大地，是一个大圆球……球上国土之人之脚心与球下国土之人脚心相对……竟不思在下之国土人之倒悬……有识者以理推之，不觉喷饭满案矣!夫人顶天立地，未闻有横立倒立之人也……此可以见大地之非圆也。

”之所以有这样言论，是因为他不知道( )A.经典力学理论B.相对论C.生物进化论D.量子论3.(2012·广东综合模拟)启蒙运动是以理性主义的宇宙观和方法论作为基石的，对此贡献最大的是( )A.伽利略B.牛顿C.达尔文D.爱因斯坦4.(2012·邵阳联考)1738年版《牛顿的哲学原理》一书的封面如右图所示：“光明”(《自然哲学的数学原理》)从牛顿头上照下，通过缪斯女神手中的镜子反射到伏尔泰正在写作的手稿(《牛顿的哲学原理》)上。

该封面的寓意可以解读为( )A.牛顿是世界上最伟大的哲学家B.经典力学体系是以实验为基础、以数学为形式表达的力学体系C.自然科学的发展推动了启蒙运动的兴起D.牛顿为工业革命制造了一把科学的钥匙5.(2012·广东冲刺模拟)1921年爱因斯坦获得了诺贝尔奖，当时不少德国的诺贝尔奖获得者威胁说，如果给相对论授奖，他们就要退回已获得的奖章，结果评选委员会只好让爱因斯坦作为光电效应理论的建立者得奖，相对论始终没有获得诺贝尔奖。

这说明( )A.相对论与人们生活实际相背B.光电效应理论对社会作用大C.相对论实践意义不大D.政治因素影响诺贝尔奖颁发6.(2012·哈尔滨模拟)斯塔夫里阿诺斯在《全球通史》中曾引用过一句名言“有力量者应该有所获，能有所获者应该保持所获”。

山东省2013年高考英语二轮复习专题升级训练卷十四阅读理解(三)

2013年高考第二轮复习英语山东版专题升级训练十四阅读理解(三)第一节阅读理解A(2012山东日照二模，B)Though she is already one of the most famous pop stars of the 21st century，you've probably never heard of a 26yearold singersongwriter called of Stefani Germanotta—but that's only because almost everyone knows her by her stage name，Lady Gaga.Born in New York City in 1986，Lady Gaga enjoyed music，singing and dancing from an early age：she started playing the piano when she was only four years old and loved performing in musicals at high school.At 17 she went to a special school for the arts but later left because she wanted to become a professional singer as soon as possible.She became a global star with her first album The Fame in 2008 and followed it in 2009 with The Fame Monster.Earlier this year she released a single，“Born this Way”，which broke the record for quickest sales for a piece of music on iTunes，with one million downloads in only five days.Her third album，also called Born this Way，went on sale in May,2011.Because of how much money she earns，how much she is written and talked about in the media，and how many internet searches are made with her name，Forbes magazine recently put her at Number One in its list of the “world's most powerful celebrities”．Most music critics say that what makes Lady Gaga's music outstanding are her strong voice and also the strong electronic rhythm of most of her songs，which makes them popular in nightclubs.They also say her music often sounds a bit like the work of other artists，and she herself is quite open about the fact that singers such as Madonna have been a big influence on her.More original than her music，perhaps，is the way she looks.A big part of her image is her outlandish(奇异的)clothes，with her strangest piece of clothing probably having been a dress made partly out of meat，which she wore once in 2010.Part of what has made Lady Gaga so famous so quickly is the way she has used social media.She has over 30 million Facebook friends，for example，and almost 10 million followers on Twitter.1．Some people complain about Lady Gaga's music in the following except that ______.A．she is often dressed strangely and differently from othersB．the electric rhythm helps her too much in the performancesC．her music is in some way copied from othersD．she has been influenced by Madonna's singing style2．What can we learn about “iTunes”？It's ______.A．a single album of popular songs on saleB．a mobile phone which shows live music performancesC．a center where pop stars gather togetherD．a software used to download music from the Internet3．Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?A．She gained a lot of money by playing the piano as a child.B．She showed special interest in music at a very early age.C．She is much better known as “Lady Gaga” rather than Stefani Germanotta.D．She once came out first in the list of the Forbes magazine.4．From Paragraph 2 we know that she left the art school ______.A．for the lack of confidenceB．because she was sure of her future successC．because she found it was not good enough for her developmentD．to find more chances to earn money5．What is the best title of this text?A．A Talent in MusicB．A Singer and SongwriterC．A Media Supported ActressD．A Most Powerful CelebrityB(2012济南三模，D)Batteries are included，but the charger's not.The Nokia ECu concept phone doesn't need to plug in；it charges from any heat source.Designer Patrick Hyland says it can even work off the warmth of your pocket.The first time “it would take approximately seven hours to reach full charge，then after that it's continuously charging by keeping the phone in areas between 86 degrees and 104 degrees Fahrenheit.” That's one hot pocket.He's put a thermogenerator(热偶发电器)inside the phone that transforms heat into electric potential energy.To better conduct the heat to that little power plant in your pocket，the ECu(E for energy，Cu for copper)is coated by copper backing with heat sinks like those normally used to keep electronics from overheating.Nokia doesn't have current plans to build the phone，so for now it remains a concept.But Hyland says he's open to anyone who wants to cooperate.For Americans this technology would certainly be convenient.It would also save a bit on energy bills and waste.“Annually，unwanted phone chargers produce 51,000 tons of waste in addition to the greenhouse gases created by the production of the electricity needed to charge them，” Hyland says.So a chargerfree phone is also a green phone.Though adapting our plugin habits would help a group of people，most cell phone related energy use comes from leaving your charger plugged in all day unnecessarily.The real potential for chargerfree cell phone technology is what it could enable places where plugging in isn't an option，like rural areas in the developing world.Cell phones are spreading faster than power lines and bringing with them countless opportunities，aid and health advances.A phone like the ECu，if it ever comes to be，would enable all manner of expanded aid and development by phone projects.Let's hope Patrick finds a partner.6．What do we know about the ECu phone?A．It doesn't have a battery or a charger.B．It is properly marketed and sells well.C．It's continuously charging from any area.D．It has a highly conductive copper cover.7．What's the function of the underlined part “heat sinks” in Paragraph 2?A．To give off heat. B．To measure heat.C．To turn up heat. D．To supply heat.8．A chargerfree phone is friendly to the environment because ______.A．it is just a concept B．it is selfchargeableC．it brings convenience D．it is no waste of money9．From the last two paragraphs we can know that ______.A．Patrick is not ready to cooperate with othersB．power lines spread every corner of the worldC．phone projects may help solve the energy crisisD．phones like the ECu have huge potential benefits10．What is the best title of the text?A．Designer Patrick HylandB．Nokia Concept Phone on SaleC．Charging Your Phone from PocketsD．Benefiting from Phone TechnologyCIt's a nightmare for Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)：within a week，two students committed suicide by jumping off dorm buildings.Officials from the university are reluctant to give interviews.“We had a hard time calming down students who were sho cked at the suicides，” said Zhang Jingyuan，one official of HUST.“Media coverage may arouse some students' negative emotions again.Suicide can be contagious，” Zhang said.The university reacted promptly to the first suicide on October 23.Advisors and clas s leaders conducted dormtodorm checks to find students suffering depression.Then psychologists offered oneonone counseling to them.Notice boards publicizing tips for identifying peers' mental problems and offering help were set up in front of dorm buildings.Leaflets carrying similar information were handed out to each dorm.However，the second suicide came seven days later.Both students were described as men of few words.Their schoolmates didn't see anything to indicate suicide.Zhang revealed that the two students had been bothered by mental disorders.But the school didn't know this until the students' close friends outside school and their parents unveiled the truth after the suicides.According to Zhang，there are only three fulltime counselors working in the university's counseling center for its 60,000 students.He complained，“It's unrealistic to rely only on counselors to detect students' mental problems.”Effective prevention comes from longterm education for life instead of temporary intervention to meet an emergency，said Hu Yi'an.Hu delivers a course of lectures on life and death at Guangzhou University.He worries that universities have paid little attention to education for life.“Education for life helps students respect and love life so they won't resort to ending their lives when they have difficulties，” said Hu.According to Hu，the principles can be incorporated into everyday teaching.Hu is also concerned that some universities are conveying discriminatory message that will hold back students from seeking help.When HUST conducted the dormtodorm examination，students with poor academic performance were paid special attention.In March，Peking University also releaseda controversial policy，which required teachers to have a chat with students “with biased thinking”．However，Hu suggested that students step out of their comfort zone to seek reallife communication.11．The underlined word “reluctant” in Paragraph 2 probably means “______”．A．eager B．unhappyC．unwilling D．afraid12．Why did the advisors and class leaders go to the students' dorm?A．To learn the first suicide.B．To avoid the second suicide.C．To learn about the students suffering depression.D．To offer help to the students.13．In which column of a newspaper would you most probably read this passage?A．Entertainment B．CampusC．Advertisement D．Culture14．Which one of the following is NOT the reason why officials from the university are reluctant to give interviews?A．The university reacted promptly to the first suicide on October 23.B．They had a hard time calming down students who were shocked at the suicides.C．Media coverage may arouse some students' negative emotions again.D．Two suicides within a week is really a nightmare for the university.15．What's the main idea of the passage?A．Two students of HUST committed suicide.B．What can we do to prevent the student's suicide?C．The reasons why the students committed suicide.D．The dangers in the universities in China.DMost young people enjoy some forms of physical activities.It may be walking，cycling or swimming，or in winter，skating or skiing.It may be a game of some kind，football，hockey，golf，tennis，or it may be mountaineering.Those who have a passion(热情，激情)for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment.Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship，and to take risks on high mountains？This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activities to which men give their leisure.Mountaineering is a sport and not a game.There are no manmade rules，as there are for such games as golf and football.There are，of course，rules of a different kind，which would be dangerous to ignore，but it is this freedom from manmade rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people.Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.If we compare mountaineering with other more familiar sports，we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”．We would be mistaken in this assumption.There are，it is true，no “matches” between “teams” of climbers，but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend，there is obviously teamwork.The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than men.He has to fight the forces of nature.This sport requires high mental and physical capacities.A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year.A skier is probably past his prime(全盛时期)by the age of thirty，and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties.But it is not unusual for a man of fifty orsixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps.They may take more time than younger men，but they probably climb with more skills and less wasted efforts，and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.16．Mountaineering is a sport which involves ______.A．hardship B．coldC．physical risks D．all the above17．The main difference between a sport and a game lies in origin of the ______.A．uniform B．activityC．rules D．skills18．Mountaineering is also a team sport because ______.A．it involves rulesB．it involves matches between teamsC．it requires mental and physical qualitiesD．mountaineers depend on each other while climbing19．Which of the following is TRUE?A．Mountaineers compete against each other.B．Mountaineers compete against other teams.C．Mountaineers compete against nature.D．Mountaineers compete against international standard.20．What is the best title for the text?A．MountaineeringB．Mountain ClimbersC．Mountaineering Is Different From Golf And FootballD．Mountaineering Is More Dangerous Than Other Sports第二节阅读表达(2012山东泰安期末)[1]“Can't hold a candle to” is a popular expression.It is from the time before electricity，when people used candles for light.The master who lived in a big house would have a servant light his way by holding a candle.The expression means that the person who cannot hold a candle to you is not fit even to be your servant.Now，it means such a person cannot compare or compete.[2] “Hold out” is an expression one hears often in sports reports and labor news.It means to refuse to play or work.Famous players hold out if their team refuses to pay them what they think they are worth.Members of labor unions hold out and refuse to work until they get the work agreement they want.[3]The expression “hold up” has several different meanings.One is a robbery.A man with a gun may say，“This is a hold up.Give me your money.”Another meaning is to delay.A driver late for work may tell his boss，“I was held up by heavy traffic.”Someone who was robbed on the way to work might say，“Sorry，boss，I was held up by a hold up.”[4]Still another meaning of the expression is for a story to be considered true after an investigation.The same driver late for work could say，“My boss did not believe a hold up held me up.But the police confirmed what I said so my story held up.”[5] “Hold on” is used to ask a telephone caller to wait and not______ his telephone.If you call a library to ask for a book，the librarian might say，“Hold on while I look f or it.”[6]Our final expression is “hold the line”．That means to keep a problem or situation from getting worse，to hold steady.Now，I must hold the line on this program.I have no more time left today.1．What is the text mainly about？(no more than 8 words)________________________________________________________________________ 2．Which sentence in the text can be replaced by the following one?Wellknown athletes won't play unless the team boss offers them enough money. ________________________________________________________________________ 3．Please fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words.(no more than 6 words) ________________________________________________________________________ 4．List three meanings of the expression “hold up”．(no more than 15 words) ①____________②____________③____________5．Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 into Chinese.________________________________________________________________________参考答案第一节A1.答案：A解析：细节理解题。

2013年高考二轮复习综合模拟卷(一)

综合模拟卷(一)专题一至三（45分钟 100分）一、选择题(本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分)1.某史学家认为：“后世官制，变化繁赜。

而其原理，不能出于治民、治军、监察官吏三者之外。

此亦可见秦之定制，非漫然而设也。

”以下相关评述正确的是 ( )A.材料中的“原理”指的是三权分立与制衡B.秦朝的中央官制最早体现此“原理”C.作者对“原理”长期不变感到不满D.作者对“后世”官制持否定态度2.(2012·潍坊三模)《咏史》：“郁郁涧底松，离离山上苗。

以彼径寸茎，荫此百尺条。

世胄蹑高位，英俊沉下僚。

地势使之然，由来非一朝。

”材料反映了( ) A.西周分封制度的衰落 B.魏晋士族制度的腐朽C.唐代科举制度的弊端D.明代八股取士的遗毒3.(2012·扬州模拟)《新全球史》记载，从公元前6世纪开始，铁制农具在中国骤然增加，铁犁、铁镐、铁锹、铁锄、铁镰刀和铁耙在乡村里成为日常用具。

这一现象给当时社会发展带来的影响包括( )①“分地则速，无所匿其力也”②“秋七月，初税田”③“宗庙之牺，为畎亩之勤”④“庶人食力，工商食官”A.③④B.①②③④C.①②③D.①②4.(2012·金华调研)先秦诸子中有人认为：“伏羲神农教而不诛，黄帝尧舜诛而不怒(过分)，及至文武，各当时而立法，因事而制礼。

”为此，他得出的结论是 ( )A.“天行有常”“制天命而用之”B.“弱者，道之用”C.“法古无过，循礼无邪”D.“治世不一道，便国不必法古”5. 1922年爱因斯坦访问中国时曾说：(上海)这个城市表明欧洲人同中国人的社会地位的差别，这种差别使得近年来的革命事件……特别可以理解了。

这一革命事件应是( )A.辛亥革命B.中国共产党的成立C.五四运动D.国民大革命6.《钢铁是怎样炼成的》中写道：在那动乱的一九一七年的四月，吓得昏头昏脑的小市民，早上起来，揉着惺忪的睡眼，推开窗户，提心吊胆地询问比他起得早的邻居：“今天城里是哪一派掌权？”正确的回答是( )A.罗曼诺夫王朝B.资产阶级临时政府C.工兵代表苏维埃D.工兵农代表苏维埃7.(2012·安徽名校调研)“即使哥伦布没有发现美洲大陆，达·伽马没有绕好望角航行，在以后的几十年中其他人也会这么做。

2013届高考英语二轮总复习专题训练卷专题训练卷6 新课标(湖南专用)

专题训练卷(六) 高中新课标总复习(第二轮)·英语专题训练卷(六)(1)(13 min.)(长郡中学2012届高三第五次月考试题)D. R. Gaul Middle School is in Union, Maine, a blueberryfarming town where the summer fair finds kids competing in pig scrambles and pieeating contests.Gaul, with about 170 seventh and eighth graders, has its own history of lower level academic achievement. One likely reason: Education beyond the basic requirements hasn't always been a top priority for families who have worked the same land for generations. Here, few adults have college degrees, and outsiders (teachers included) are often kept at a respectful distance.Since 2002, Gaul's students have been divided into four classes, each of them taught almost every subject by two teachers. The goal: To find common threads across disciplines to help students create a big picture that gives fresh meaning and context to their classwork — and sparks motivation for learning.Working within state guidelines, each team makes its individual schedules and lesson plans, incorporati ng nontextbook literature, handson lab work and field trips. If students are covering the Civil War in social studies, they're reading The Red Badge of Courage or some other period literature in English class. In science, they study the viruses and bacteria that caused many deaths in the war.Team teaching isn't unusual. About 77 percent of middle schools now employ some form of it, says John Lounsbury, consulting editor for the National Middle School Association. But most schools use four or five person teams, which Gaul tried before considering twoperson teams more effective. Gaul supports the team concept by “looping” classes (跟班) so that the same two teachers stick with the same teens through seventh and eighth grades. Combining teams and looping creates an extremely strong bond between teacher and student. “It also”， says teacher Beth Ahlholm, “allows us to build an excellent relationship with parents.”Ahlholm and teammate Madelon Kelly are fully aware how many glazed looks they see in the classroom, but they know 72 percent of their eighthgraders met Maine's reading standard last year —double the statewide average. Only 31 percent met the math standard, still better than the state average (21 percent). Their students also beat the state average in writing and science. And in 2006, Gaul was one of 47 schools in the state to see testing gains of at least 20 percent in four of the previous five years, coinciding roughly with team teaching's arrival.续表(2)(10 min.)Lead poisoning (铅中毒)occurs when lead is present in high levels in the blood of a person. It is one of the most common medical problems found in children. And it's important to recognize the presence of lead in children's bodies because lead is very harmful.Children have the tendency to go around and put things in their mouths like paint peelings. This is one of the main causes of lead poisoning. It has also been found that children born in poor families have higher chances of getting exposed to lead.Some of the common symptoms of lead poisoning in children are headaches, stomach pains, hair loss, muscle weakness, and weight loss, etc.Lead poisoning can have severe effects and can lead to heart diseases, kidney diseases and neurological(神经系统的) problems. It can also result in mental dullness and a low IQ level. There have been cases where lead poisoning proved to be terminal for children.It's difficult to easily recognize whether a child is affected by lead poisoning, as the symptoms of this disease can occur due to some other medical problems. Therefore, children under the age of 6 should regularly be checked to know the level of lead in their blood through blood tests. It's possible to completely cure a child with lead poisoning through treatment. Usually the oral medicine chelator(螯合剂)is given to the children. Sometimes, children are given an injection(注射) for reducing the lead level. Children who have very high level of lead in their blood would need treatment for a long period of time and would also be put on a special diet.Parents have to take certain precautions to lower the chance of lead poisoning in children. Cleaning the house regularly and removing shoes at the door after coming in from outside will prevent the lead particles from entering the house. Children should be put on a healthy diet, containing high proportions(比例)of calcium and iron, such as eggs, milk, fruits, potatoes, etc. which helps to keep the lead levels in control, in the children's bodies.In short, it's a must to be cautious and careful, and protect your children from the horrible consequences of lead poisoning.Lead Poisoning in ChildrenⅠ.1. __________·Children's going around and putting things in their mouths.·High chances of 2. __________ lead.Ⅱ. 3. __________·Headaches, stomach pains, hair loss, muscle weakness, and weight loss, etc.Ⅲ. Effects·Lead to heart diseases, kidney diseases and neurological problems.· 4. __________ mental dullness and a low IQ level.Ⅳ.Treatment·Make children take the chelator or 5. __________ an injection to reduce the lead level.·Put children with a very high l ead level on 6. __________.Ⅴ.7. __________·8. __________ regularly and remove shoes at the door after coming in from the outside.·Let children eat healthy food which contain 9. __________ of calcium and iron.Ⅵ.10. __________·You must be cautious and careful to protect your children from lead poisoning.(3)(10 min.)The World Bank, the United Nations and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine did a study to urge handwashing around the world. They found that one million lives could be saved each year if people washed their hands with soap often.They said that programs to increase handwashing with soap could be among the most effective ways to reduce infectious diseases.Doctors say, many diseases can be prevented from spreading by handw ashing. These include pinworms(寄生虫), influenza(流行性感冒), the common cold, hepatitis(肝炎)A, meningitis(脑膜炎)and infectious diarrhea (腹泻)．Handwashing destroys germs from other people, animals or objects a person has touched. When people get bacteria on their hands, they can infect themselves by touching their eyes, nose or mouth. Then these people can infect other people. The experts say the easiest way to catch a cold is to touch your nose or eyes after someone nearby has sneezed or coughed. Another way to become sick is to eat food prepared by someone whose hands were not clean.The experts say that handwashing is especially important before and after preparing food, before eating and after using the toilet. People should wash their hands after handling animals or animal waste, and after cleaning a baby. The experts say it is also a good idea to wash your hands after handling money and after sneezing or coughing. And it is important to wash your hands often when someone in your home is sick. The experts say the most effective way to wash your hands is to rub them together while using soap and warm water. They say you do not have to use special antibacterial soap. Be sure to rub all areas of the hands for about ten to fifteen seconds. The rubbing action helps remove germs. Then rinse(冲洗)the hands with water and dry them.Title: 1. __________(4)(12 min.)(湖南湘潭市2011届高三第5次模拟卷)Some children are naturalborn bosses. They have a strong need to make decisions, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow. Stephen Jackson, a Year One student, “Operates under the theory of what's mine is mine and what's yours is mine，” says his mother. “The other day I bought two new Star Wars light sabers(剑). Later, I saw Stephen with the two new ones while h is brother was using the beatup ones.”“Examine the extended family, and you'll probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every generation. It's an inheritable trait(特征)，” says Russell Barkley, a professor at the Medical University of S outh Carolina. Other children who may not be particularly bossy can gradually gain dominance(支配地位) when they sense their parents are weak, hesitant, or in disagreement with each other.Whether it's inborn nature or developed character at work, too much control in the hands of the young isn't healthy for children or the family. “Fear is at the root of a lot of bossy behaviour，” says family psychologist John Taylor. “Children，” he says in his book From Defiance to Cooperation, “have secret feelings of weakness and a desire to feel safe. It's the parents' role to provide that protection.”When a “boss child” doesn't learn limits at home, the stage is set for a host of troubles outside the family. The overly willful and unbending child may have trouble obeying teachers or coaches, for example, or trouble keeping friends. It can be pretty lonely as the top dog if no one likes your bossy ways.“I see more and more parents giving up their power，” says Barkley, who has studied bossy behavior for more than 30 years. “They bend too far because they don't want to be as strict as their own parents were. But they also feel less confident about their parenting skills. Their kids, in turn, feel more anxious. ”So for the sake of the children, parents should be strict with them in a suitable way and get more knowledge to be good parents.Title: 1. ________专题训练卷(六)(1)1. Problems 概括题。

高考语文二轮复习学案专题十四（必考）文言文翻译（原版）

专题十四（必考）文言文翻译（原版）（1）考纲要求考生需准确理解并翻译文中的句子。

能力层级为理解B。

（2）命题规律文言翻译是必考内容，考核2—3个小题，6—10分不等，题型有选择题也有主观题。

选择题是选取文言文阅读中语句进行翻译，选择翻译正确或错误的一项；主观题是选取文言文阅读中的语句或另外选择古籍中的文段进行翻译。

【2018年高考新课标Ⅲ卷】阅读下面的文言文，完成下列小题。

纯礼字彝叟以父仲淹荫知陵台令兼永安县永昭陵建京西转运使配木石砖甓及工徒于一路独永安不受令使者以白陵使韩琦，琦曰：“范纯礼岂不知此？将必有说。

”他日，众质之，纯礼曰“陵寝皆在邑境，岁时缮治无虚日，今乃与百县均赋，曷若置此，使之奉常时用乎？”琦是其对。

还朝，用为三司盐铁判官，以比部员外郎出遂州。

沪南有边事，调度苛棘，纯礼一以静待之，辨其可具者，不取于民。

民图像于庐，而奉之如神，名曰“范仲淹”。

草场火，民情疑怖，守吏惕息俟诛。

纯礼曰：“草湿则生火，何足怪！”但使密偿之。

库吏盗丝多罪至死，纯礼曰：“以棼然之丝而杀之，吾不忍也。

”听其家趣买以赎，命释其株连者。

除户部郎中、京西转运副使。

徽宗立，以龙图阁直学士知开封府。

前尹以刻深为治，纯礼曰：“宽猛相济，圣人之训。

方务去前之苛，犹虑未尽，岂有宽为患也。

”由是一切以宽处之。

中旨鞫享泽村民谋逆，纯礼审其故，此民入戏场观优，归途见匠者作桶，取而戴于首曰：“与刘先主如何？”遂为匠擒。

明日入对，徽宗问何以处之，对曰：“愚人村野无所知，若以叛逆蔽罪，恐辜好生之德。

以不应为杖之，足矣。

”曰：“何以戒后人？”曰：“正欲外间知陛下刑宪不滥，足以为训尔。

”徽宗从之。

纯礼沉毅刚正，曾布惮之，激驸马都尉王诜曰：“上欲除君承旨，范右丞不可。

”诜怒。

会诜馆辽使，纯礼主宴，诜诬其辄斥御名，罢为端明殿学士、知颍昌府，提举崇福宫。

崇宁五年，复左朝议大夫，提举鸿庆宫。

卒，年七十六。

（节选自《宋史·范纯礼传》）13．把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

2013年高考甘肃省2013届高三第二次高考诊断考试

2013年高考（431）甘肃省2013届高三第二次高考诊断考试甘肃省2013届高三第二次高考诊断考试语文试题第I卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1—3题。

时光之旅瓦蒂姆·车诺布罗夫是一位热衷于时间倒流现象研究的科学家，从1987年起，他和一些科学家就开始利用地磁泵来制作时间机器。

2001年8月，他们在俄罗斯的伏尔加格勒地区的一个偏僻的森林里对一个新型的时间机器进行了试验。

这个机器即使只用汽车的电瓶作动力，能量很低，它改变时间的幅度仍能达到3010，就是说最大限度地减缓时间可以高达每分钟1．5秒。

时间的改变是由对称的晶体振荡器来记录的。

最初，研究人员花5分钟、10分钟、20分钟来操作这台机器，最长的一次时间延缓持续了半小时。

在实验过程中，研究人员觉得仿佛进入了另外一个世界：他们可以同时感受到不同时间的这边和那边的生活，仿佛空间完全打开了。

而在有关宇宙探索和研究方面一直与俄罗斯暗中较劲、不遑相让的美国，一直在开展着一项据称可能改变和重新谱写人类历史进程的时间研究项目。

2002年，美国物理学家马利特教授及其助手们已着手研制一种可以帮助人们遨游过去和未来的时间机器o它是以爱因斯坦相对论为理论基础的。

其设计方案是建造一个激光环，沿激光环旋光束将穿越光子晶体。

光子晶体会扭曲光线，并给光线减速。

这样光束就可以令激光环里的时空扭曲成螺旋形。

比如说，这就像我们用勺子搅动锅里的汤一样，汤会出现漩涡。

在这个漩涡里，时空扭曲的混合体会出现不同的层次。

此时，将一个中子放入其中，如果这个中子自身的旋轨迹发生变化，那么就意味着扭曲了的时空对其产生了作用。

这个中子就名副其实地完成了时光之旅。

马利特教授相信如果这一试验获得成功，预计人类进行时光旅行的问题将在10年内解决。

但他同时指出，时间机器并不能回到时间流无限的过去，它只能作有限的含有时间圈环历史中的旅行。

也就是说，它只能遨游时间机器已然存在的那个时代。

高考生物二轮复习专题强化训练(十四)实验与探究-人教版高三全册生物试题

专题强化训练(十四) 实验与探究1．下列有关实验的叙述中，正确的是( )A．重铬酸钾可检测酒精的存在，在碱性条件下与酒精反应呈灰绿色B．还原糖组织样液在加入苏丹Ⅲ后呈无色，加热后变成砖红色C．甲基绿和吡罗红染色剂使DNA呈现红色，使RNA呈现绿色D．在“探究细胞大小与物质运输的关系”实验中，计算紫红色区域的体积与整个琼脂块的体积之比，能反映NaOH进入琼脂块的效率解析：选D检测酒精是在酸性条件下用重铬酸钾，会出现灰绿色，A错误；还原糖组织样液中加入斐林试剂水浴加热后变成砖红色，苏丹III是鉴定脂肪的，B错误；甲基绿和吡罗红可以使DNA呈现绿色，使RNA呈现红色，C错误；在“探究细胞大小与物质运输的关系”实验中，计算紫红色区域的体积与整个琼脂块的体积之比，反映的是NaOH进入琼脂块的效率，D正确。

2．(2018·某某某某第一次调考)在许多生物实验中都需要用到酒精，下列相关的叙述错误的是( )A．进行绿叶中色素的提取时，若一次加入大量的无水乙醇，会导致收集到的滤液绿色过浅B．在低温诱导植物染色体数目变化的实验中，需用体积分数为95%的酒精冲洗洋葱根尖上的卡诺氏液C．在脂肪的鉴定实验中，体积分数为50%的酒精的作用是溶解组织中的油脂D．调查土壤中小动物的丰富度，采集的小动物可以放入体积分数为70%的酒精溶液中解析：选C进行绿叶中色素的提取时，若一次加入大量的无水乙醇，会导致收集到的滤液绿色过浅，A正确；在低温诱导植物染色体数目变化的实验中，需用体积分数为95%的酒精冲洗洋葱根尖上的卡诺氏液，B正确；在脂肪的鉴定实验中，体积分数为50%的酒精的作用是洗去浮色，C错误；调查土壤中小动物的丰富度，采集的小动物可以放入体积分数为70%的酒精溶液中，D正确。

3．(2018·某某长安区质检)关于细胞染色技术，下列说法正确的是( )A．用台盼蓝给细胞染色，若细胞被染上色则说明细胞处于生活状态B．甲基绿吡罗红染液、龙胆紫染液、醋酸洋红染液都为酸性染料C．采用健那绿对人口腔上皮细胞进行染色需要提前进行8%HCl水解和蒸馏水漂洗的过程D．苏丹Ⅲ为脂溶性物质，很容易穿过生物膜，不需要水解过程染色剂即可进入细胞解析：选D用台盼蓝给细胞染色，若细胞被染上色则说明细胞已经死亡，A错误；龙胆紫染液、醋酸洋红染液都为碱性染料，B错误；健那绿染液是专一性染线粒体的活细胞染料，可使活细胞中的线粒体呈现蓝绿色，而细胞质接近无色，采用健那绿对人口腔上皮细胞进行染色不需要进行8%HCl水解和蒸馏水漂洗的过程，C错误；苏丹Ⅲ为脂溶性物质，很容易穿过生物膜，不需要水解过程染色剂即可进入细胞，D正确。

(全国版)2013年高考化学二轮复习有机化学基础专题提升试卷新人教版

专题升级训练15 有机化学基础(时间：45分钟满分：100分)填空题(本题包括6小题，共100分)1．(2012东北三校联考，38)(16分)化合物甲与发生酯化反应的产物A 是一种食用香料。

11.6 g 甲完全燃烧可产生0.6 mol CO 2和0.6 mol H 2O 。

相同条件下，甲蒸气对氧气的相对密度为1.812 5，甲分子为链状结构且不含甲基。

回答下列问题：(1)甲的结构简式为__________________。

(2)甲中含有的官能团名称为______________。

(3) 有多种同分异构体，其中属于酯类，能使FeCl 3溶液显紫色，且苯环上的一氯代物有两种的同分异构体的结构简式为________________(任写两种)。

(4)已知：R —ONa ――→Cl —R′△R —O —R′(R—、R′—代表烃基) A 的合成路线如下：①试剂X 不可选用________(填序号)。

A ．NaOH 溶液B ．Na 2CO 3溶液C ．NaHCO 3溶液D ．Na②乙的结构简式为__________，反应Ⅱ的反应类型为________________。

③反应Ⅳ的化学方程式为________________。

2．(2012湖北黄冈模拟，32)(16分)有机物A ～F 有如下转化关系：已知一个碳原子上连有两个羟基时不稳定，转化如下：请回答：(1)A 的结构简式为____________________；④的反应类型为______________。

(2)C 与新制Cu(OH)2反应的化学方程式为______________________________。

(3)已知B 的摩尔质量为162 g·mol －1，完全燃烧的产物中n (CO 2)∶n (H 2O)＝2∶1，B 的分子式为______________________。

(4)F 是生产高分子光阻剂的主要原料，特点如下：①能发生加聚反应②含有苯环且苯环上一氯取代物只有两种③遇FeCl 3显紫色。