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跨文化交际1

Course Description
It is imperative that people, both present and future, be sensitive to differences in intercultural communication. Business today cannot go further without cross-cultural communication.
1.2 Language is the vehicle of culture, it reflects culture.
语言是文化的载体，文化是语言的土壤 The cultural connotation carried by language and customs is the most difficult point in language learning. Language is not only a kind of social phenomenon, but also a kind of cultural phenomenon.

The
planet Earth is not shrinking, but time and space are. Modern transportation and communication reduce time and distance. A closed relationship ties all people together. No nation, group, or culture can remain isolated. If you touch one part of the world, you touch all parts.

大学英语跨文化交际教程课后答案(全)

大学英语跨文化交际教程课后答案(全) Unit1 Sportsmanship: It is the ability to practise a sport according to its rules, while also showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat.2. Traditionally, an Englishman is thought to be reserved, unemotional, courteous, shy of strangers, suspicious of change, and slow to accept new ideas.3. It is the ability to practise a sport according to its rules, while also showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat. Moreover, sportsmanship as an idea is applied to life in general.The pioneering spirit: E某cept for the brought from Africa, immigrants came to America voluntarily, early in search of greater prosperity and freedom.American dream: The belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve weather and fame through diligence and virtue.1. Traditionally, individualism, independence andcollaboration, practice, tolerance, melting pot and racial discrimination are the character of Americans.3. The American Dream is the belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve wealth and fame through diligence and virtue.Unit 2 Key concepts Five relationshipsFive relationships: ruler-minister, father-son, husband-wife, elder-younger brother and friend-friend.Humanism Humanism means that man not only had the right to enjoy the beauty of their life, but also had the ability to perfect themselves and perform wonders.Individualism An individualism culture is one in which people tend to view themselves ad individuals and to emphasize the needs of individuals.Collectivism A collectivism culture is one in which people tend to view themselves as members of groups (families, work units, tribes, nations), and usually consider the needs of the group to be more important than the needs of individuals.1. According to Confucianism, what are the five cardinalrelationships in Chinese society and what should these relationships beThat is the well-known five relationships: ruler-minister, father-son, husband-wife, elder-younger brother and friend-friend. This was e某plained as\There should be affectionbetween man and wife, stratification between old and young, and good faith between friends.\2. What is the difference between collectivism andindividualismFirstly, westerns tend to believe that people should rely on themselves as much as possible- and they usually e某pect other people to do the same. So they don't think they have the obligation to help family members and friends during emergency situations. In contrast, people in collectivist cultures generally feel that they have a right to help other members of their groups.Secondly, westerns generally feel that the rights of individuals should not be subordinated to the needs of a larger group, or at least that individuals should have the right to decide for themselves whether to sacrifice their personalbenefit for the sake of the group. In contrast, people in collectivist cultures are generally more willing to accept the idea that individuals should sacrifice for the benefit of the group.E某tended family: adult couples are e某pected to formtheir ownhousehold with either of their biological families.2. Because they desire a close and intense bond with their partners，they e某pect so much from marriage that so many get divorcedImpermanence: the property of not e某isting for indefinitely long durations.Stable: resistant to change of position or condition Connection vs. contract: relationship。

跨文化交际unit1~6课后translation中英对照

Unit 1 Page 22The growth of intercultural communication as a field of stud y is based on a view of history that clearly demonstrates pe ople and cultures have been troubled by a persistent inability to understand and get along with groups and societies remove d by space, ideology, appearance, and behavior from their own.What is intriguing about many of human civilization's failure is that they appear to be personal as well as global. The story of humankind is punctuated with instances of face-to-fa ce conflicts as well as international misunderstanding--major an d minor quarrels that range from simple name-calling to isolat ionism or even armed conflict.It is obvious that increased contact with other cultures and subcultures makes it imperative for us to make a concerted effort to get along with and to try to understand people who se beliefs and backgrounds may be vastly different from our o wn. The ability, through increased awareness and understanding, to peacefully coexist with people who do not necessarily sha re our lifestyles or values could benefit us not only in our own neighborhoods but could be the decisive factor in mainta ining world peace.纵观历史，我们可以清楚地看到，人们由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异，而长久无法互相理解、无法和睦相处。

跨文化交际论文(3篇)

跨文化交际论文（3篇）一、关于跨文化交际的重要性随着社会的发展，全球经济一体化的形成，我国人民对于教学方式和教学内容有了新的期许，在现代社会中，想要获得成功，就需要具备良好的交际表现能力。

在跨文化的语境中所认为成功的交际是能够带来发展机会、财富以及和平的；失败的交际会使得敌对局面、偏见以及冲突产生。

在科技水平的迅猛发展中，我们正在经历的社会形势是多种多样的，如：信息化、全球化以及网络化等，不断地丰富着我们的生活。

不同文化背景的人们相互交际是一个复杂的过程，在讲外语和理解外语时都应该遵循该外语的语用规律及文化规则。

对于法语的口语教学而言，这也是一种跨文化交流的行为，语言的不同使得其表达的意识也会有差异，在法语中时常使用到的词汇用汉语解释意境就可能很大不同。

如：在法语中有着非常丰富的代词，代词用法比较复杂，因而学生在没有熟练掌握的情况下，使用法语代词会变得非常困难。

针对于您(vous)和你(tu)在法语中的用法，我们在课堂或者课后的练习中已经习惯了使用tu，随后在一些非常正式的场合也会将tu脱口而出，显然这意味着交际错误出现了。

另外，与tu所对应的动词有着简单的变位，因而学生更加喜欢在表达上使用到tu，长时间下来他们容易将语言场合忽视掉，这样错误语域的选择是外语学习中的大忌。

因此，我们需要十分的重视对学生这方面的教育，逐步将跨文化交际教学的能力加强，尽可能的将错误语境的现象减少。

如：中国自古有“爱屋及乌”的说法，法国也有着Qui m'aime，aime mon chien的说法，翻译过来就是“爱屋及狗”。

可见，中法两国巨大的文化差异，也体现在人们对于宠物的不同态度，若是学生没能够很好的掌握到、认识到这一点，就很容易发生语境错误，对于跨文化的交流非常不利。

二、培养学生跨文化法语口语交际的能力根据著名学者Gudykunst的理论，有效的跨文化交际能力应该包括基本交际能力系统、情感和关系能力系统、情节能力系统和交际方略能力系统。

跨文化交际Unit 1课件

Verbal Communication
- Names of objects
- Cultural connotations of words
- The way people use languages
Intercultural Communication : An Introduction 3

Nonverbal Communication - gestures and postures
The Challenge of Globalization

Attitudes towards globalization: - both a fact and an opportunity; - the development of a global mind-set

Cultural diversity must be recognized and appreciated

The
A brief history of the study of ICC

1946: Foreign Service Institute was established in the US 1959: The Silent Language by Edward T. Hall, an American anthropologist, was published, marking the emergence of ICC 1966: ICC was regarded as curriculum in the US 1970: ICC was recognized as an independent area of study by the International Communication Association

跨文化交流的英语作文（通用7篇）

跨文化交流的英语作文跨文化交流的英语作文（通用7篇）在学习、工作乃至生活中，大家一定都接触过作文吧，作文是一种言语活动，具有高度的综合性和创造性。

那么问题来了，到底应如何写一篇优秀的作文呢？以下是小编整理的跨文化交流的英语作文，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。

跨文化交流的英语作文篇1How to Make a Successful Intercultural Communication?With the development of global cooperation and frequent world-wide activities, people can't help involving in intercultural communications. However, due to the distinction of their cultural background, sense of worth and languages, it's uneasy to make the communication smooth and successful.There're several suggestions on how to make the intercultural communication carry the point. On the one hand, it's quite useful to learn some information on their culture, language and customs in advance, which will help you avoid embarrassment and miscomprehension while contacting others. For example, Japanese businessmen usually will behave more implicitly than Americans in the process of commercial negotiation. Knowing about this, you probably will negotiate with them in a different style. On the other hand, people should respect the customs of the opposing party and get rid of prejudice and stereotype. Of course, if your actions offend other people unwittingly, you'd better say apology and correct your behavior in time.A successful intercultural communication is not only beneficial to improve bilateral relations but also could enhance understanding between nations. So we should work together tomake it.跨文化交流的英语作文篇2There is no denying that the cultural exchanges are playing a more and more important role in the modern world.Firstly，let’s have a look at the picture. A foreign lady is XXX a traditional Chinese painting of bamboos. It seems that she is totally indulged in her painting. The picture shows that people from foreign countries are interested in our traditional Chinese culture. They not only appreciate the traditional Chinese paintings， music， costume， etc， but also begin to learn to how to make them. In this way，they hope to gain a better understanding of Chinese culture and thus can know the country better. Since our country became more open，our Chinese government has made great efforts to promote all kinds of exchanges with the outside world. These exchanges range from economics and education to culture. The cultural exchanges play a more and more important part in our life. Many channels are open for the foreigners to learn our traditional art. They can take some courses in some special schools and many professionals can be their teachers.In my opinion， the cultural exchange is good to all of us. It is an efficient way to introduce our Chinese culture to the world. In this way， people in the foreign countries can know more and more about China. Some biased views about our country can be dispelled.跨文化交流的`英语作文篇3Communication is the activity of conveying information through the exchange of thought, messages, or information. There are many communicating methods, such as speech, visuals, signals, writing or body languages.It plays an important role in social lives of human beings, which some people consider that it’s the basic of human existence.On the one hand, it’s the communication that spreads information, making us know the news although it’s far from us. By communicating with others, people send and get information that helps us know about our surroundings. We all know that information is extremely important in our lives. On the other hand, communication builds personal relationship, which connects different people together. We live in the same society which makes personal relationship essential in lives. Only with communication can we build and keep good personal relationships with others. In addition, communication can eliminate misunderstandings and promote emotions. When we have misunderstandings with others, timely communicating is the only effective way to solve it.In short, communication is essential to all people that everyone should realize that. Therefore, we should learn how to communicate with other effectively.跨文化交流的英语作文篇4The modern technology has greatly altered the mode ofcommunication among people. With the help of the Internet, people can easily contact each other anytime anywhere. However, the side effect is that many people have become over-dependent on the Internet and neglected face-to-face far as I'm concerned, electronic communication cannot fully replace the direct contact among people. Although it seems to bring everyone together, it actually estranges people and decreases the effectiveness of communication.A typical example is that, traditionally, people working in thesame office simply walk to others and talk. Today, however, co-workers tend to send e-mails or instant messages through the Internet even when they are sitting next to each other. As words can never convey the full message, it usually takes much more time and rounds of conversation than face-to-face communication, in which people can discuss more directly with less loss of conclude, the Internet enables more effective communication in some situations, but over-dependence on it actually pulls people apart.跨文化交流的英语作文篇5I have recently done a survey about how students find study partners.Some students find study partners through the Internet. They believe it’s convenient to find partne rs to study with online. Besides, they can get help from study partners whenever necessary. Some students prefer to join clubs to find study partners so that they can share experience face to face. What’s more, they think working out problems together helps learn more easily.As for me, I’d like to get study partners by going to summer camp because I can learn something new while having fun. Also, it’s a good way to learn how to get on well with others.跨文化交流的英语作文篇6Which is better for communication with your friends,writing letter or making a phone call?With the rapid development of technology,a growing number of electrical products appear and gradually gain their popularity.Recently there is a hot debate on the topic that which one is better for communication with your friends,writing letter or making a phone call?In my opinion,phone is a better way to communicate with others.Thereare some reasons accounting for my view.First of all,it is more convenient for us to call others.Mobile phone is small and light to carry with.Wherever and whenever you are,you can easily get touch with your friends if they are using the phone at the same time.While it takes much time when the letter arrives at your friends’.Once you have something urgent to tell them,it will be delayed.Second,the purpose of technological development is to meet people’s demand of pursing a better and more efficient life.If we all choose to write a letter,nothing will drive science and technology to make the progress.As a result of it,the society will st but not least,phone has more advantages over the amount of information and the consuming time.Even in terms of environmental protection,the paper of writing a letter comes from trees,which is opposite with the concept of friendly environment.All in all,I tend to make a phone call rather than writing a letter when communicating with others.跨文化交流的英语作文篇7it is common in english to ask people about their holidays. in the west many families go away on holiday during the summer months and so it is very usual to ask about this. if the holiday has not yet taken place，then their holiday plans can be talked about. and if it is already over，then where they went，whether they enjoyed it and so on can be discussed. similar questions are asked before festivals and pubic holidays.foreigners living and working in china often have frequent opportunities for travel，either at weekends or during their holiday periods，so questions on this topic can often lead to fruitful discussions. they may be particularly interested to hearcomments on which places are worth visiting and why，especially if these places are a little less well known and not clearly described in the tour guides.take vacaticn and long weekends. never let vacation time expire.。

跨文化交际UNIT1

Warm Up
▪ It is very difficult for people to understand one another if they do not share the same experiences. Of course, we all share the experience of being human, but there are many experiences which we do not share and which are different for all of us. It is these different experiences that make up what is called “culture” in the social sciences － the habits of everyday life, the cues to which people respond, the automatic reactions they have to whatever they see and hear. These often differ, and the differences may introduce misunderstandings where we seek understanding.
communication is an extremely complicated process, and can be quite painful at times. Nowadays, with the globalization of the world economy and the increasing popularity of the internet, intercultural communication is part of our daily life. That is why we are here, taking this course.

国际汉语教师-21中华文化与跨文化交际 4 跨文化交际

老板，来两斤苹果。
。。。
（我先来的）
三. 时间观念——单向与多向时间习惯（1）
好的。嘿！王先生，好久不见！最近好吗？
我最近很忙啊！给我来个西瓜吧
好！稍等一下！
单时制文化的人们通过计划和预约来控制时间，在一段时间里只做一件事，强调准时、预约和最后期限。而多时制文化中的人认为时间是围绕生活的，在同一时间内往往做多件事情。工作经常被打断，计划也经常改变。
错“，也要引导学生，用大格局去想问题，用跨文化的”第三双眼睛”
看世界。
分析. 案例中的师生交流出现了什么问题？
1 师：下面我们用“像……一样”句型来说句子。那个学生像猫一样……，怎么样呢？
生1：像猫一样性感。生2：像猫一样邪恶。师：不是。那个学生像猫一样安静，轻手轻脚地走进教室。师：他像什么动物一样勤奋？生：他像狗一样勤奋。师：他像老黄牛一样勤奋。师：他睡觉睡得很香，像什么一样？生：像木头一样。师：他睡觉睡得像小猪一样香。
中国的时间观：
两种都有，前者占主导地位。儒家文化重视历史，主张以史为鉴，比较重视过去，但直线式思维没有西方强；
在伊斯兰文化中，时间观念是重视现在的，认为未来属于真主阿拉，不愿意预测未来；
而在美国，人们受到的是向前看的教育，一定要着眼于未来，印度教徒和佛教徒也有将来的时间取向，把希望寄托在来世。
文化适应
一. 跨文化适应过程的四个阶段 P102
一. 蜜月期
刚到新环境一两个星期，兴奋而激动，新奇而有趣，对新的文化持有正面的态度。
三. 恢复期（调整阶段）
可以接受和理解当地文化，意识到了文化的差异，外语能力提高了，也有了当地朋友，感觉一切都还行。
二. 挫折期（沮丧阶段）

cross-culturalcommunication跨文化交流(1)

Cross-Cultural Communication: Definition, Strategies & ExamplesCross-cultural communication is imperative for companies that have a diverse workforce and participate in the global economy. It is important for employees to understand the factors that are part of an effective, diverse workforce.Cross-Cultural CommunicationCross-cultural communication has become strategically important to companies due to the growth of global business, technology and the Internet.Understanding cross-cultural communication is important for any company that has a diverse workforce or plans on conducting global business. This type of communication involves an understanding of how people from different cultures speak, communicate and perceive the world around them.Cross-cultural communication in an organization deals with understanding different business customs, beliefs and communication strategies. Language differences, high-context vs.low-context cultures, nonverbal differences and power distance are major factors that can affectcross-cultural communication.Let's take a look at howcross-cultural differences can cause potential issues within an organization.Jack is a manager at a New Mexico-based retail conglomerate. He has flown to Japan to discuss a potential partnership with a local Japanese company. His business contact, Yamato, is his counterpart within the Japanese company. Jack has never been to Japan before, and he's not familiar with their cultural norms. Let's look at some of the ways that a lack of cultural understanding can create a barrier for business success by examining how Jack handles his meeting with Yamato.High- Vs. Low-Context CultureThe concept of high- andlow-context culture relates to how an employee's thoughts, opinions, feelings and upbringing affect how they act within a given culture. North America and Western Europe aregenerally considered tohave low-context cultures. This means that businesses in these places have direct, individualistic employees who tend to base decisions on facts. This type of businessperson wants specifics noted in contracts and may have issues with trust.High-context cultures are the opposite in that trust is the most important part of business dealings. There are areas in the Middle East, Asia and Africa that can be considered high context. Organizations that havehigh-context cultures are collectivist and focus on interpersonal relationships. Individuals fromhigh-context cultures might be interested in getting to know the person they are conducting business with in order to get a gut feeling on decisionmaking. They may also be more concerned about business teams and group success rather than individual achievement.Jack and Yamato ran into some difficulties during their business negotiations. Jack spoke quickly and profusely because he wanted to seal the deal as soon as possible. However, Yamato wanted to get to know Jack, and he felt that Jack spoke too much. Yamato also felt that Jack was only concerned with completing the deal for his own self-interest and was not concerned with the overall good of the company. Jack's nonverbal cues did not help the negotiations either.Nonverbal DifferencesGestures and eye contact are two areas of nonverbalcommunication that are utilized differently across cultures. Companies must train employees in the correct way to handle nonverbal communication as to not offend other cultures. For example, American workers tend to wave their hand and use a finger to point when giving nonverbal direction. Extreme gesturing is considered rude in some cultures. While pointing may be considered appropriate in some contexts in the United States, Yamato would never use a finger to point towards another person because that gesture is considered rude in Japan. Instead, he might gesture with an open hand, with his palm facing up, toward the person.Eye contact is another form of nonverbal communication. In the U.S.,eye contact is a good thing and is seen as a reflection of honesty and straightforwardness. However, in some Asian and Middle Eastern cultures, prolonged eye contact can be seen as rude or aggressive in many situations. Women may need to avoid it altogether because lingering eye contact can be viewed as a sign of sexual interest. During their meeting, Jack felt that Yamato was not listening to his talking points because Yamato was not looking Jack in the eyes. However, Yamato did not want Jack to think he was rude, so he avoided looking directly into Jack's eyes during his speech.Language DifferencesThe biggest issue dealing with cross-cultural communication is the difficulty created by language barriers.For example, Jack does not speak Japanese, so he is concerned with his ability to communicate effectively with Yamato. There are some strategies that Jack can use to help establish a rapport with Yamato. Jack can explain himself without words by using emotions, facial expressions and other nonverbal cues. He can also use drawings and ask for an interpreter.Additionally, companies that have to deal with cross-cultural communication can hire employees with proficiency in other languages. Fortunately for Jack and Yamato, they both had excellent translators who communicated their words. The next cross-cultural issue regards how individuals deal with power distance.Power DistancePower distance relates to how power is distributed within an organization. Typically, American companies utilize a low power distance and have more informal hierarchies that allow for interaction between executives and their subordinates. Managers ask for feedback from employees and will even socialize with subordinates. Companies with high power distance are typically very hierarchical in nature and have severe differences in authority. Some Japanese companies may utilize this power structure.。

大学英语跨文化交流第一章ppt课件

Key words:
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4. Defining Culture from the Intercultural Perspective
“Culture is a system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors and artifacts that are transmitted from generation to generation through learning.”
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3. Culture Is Like the Water a Fish Swims In
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“Out of water” = Out of Context
As a schooled fish… “Water” is my culture Other Waters or Air are
3. Summarize the process of the formation of cultural identity.
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Chapter Outline
Culture
The Nature of Definitions Characteristics Cultural
Culture
How can we recognize it i精n选opptth课e件r2s02?1
8
Can you tell which of the following are above the water and which are below?
What and how people eat How to keep healthy How to raise children How to do business How to use time How to introduce people How to participate in ceremonies Rules for gestures Rules for facial expressions and eye contact Etiquette Work speed What is right or wrong, beautiful or ugly, clean or dirty, good or

智慧树知到《跨文化交际》章节测试答案

智慧树知到《跨文化交际》章节测试答案第一章1、Culture can be defined as: ( )A:Culture is the total accumulation of beliefs, customs, values, behaviors, institutions and communication patterns that are shared, learned andpassed down through the generations in an identifiable group of people.B:A system of meaning.C:Culture is a system of meaning and the total accumulation of beliefs, customs, values, behaviors, institutions and communicationD:A system of communication.正确答案：Culture is a system of meaning and the total accumulation of beliefs, customs, values, behaviors, institutions and communication2、Two important factors responsible in closely connecting the countries of the world and making the world a smaller place today include: ( ).A:Land and waterB:War and peaceC:Religion and GovernmentD:Communication and trade正确答案：Communication and trade3、What are the 5 stories of the Global Village, as mentioned in the text book?A:Christian, Islamic, Hindu, Buddhist, TaoB:Western, Marxist, Christian, Islamic, GreenC:Western, Marxist, Christian, Jewish, BlueD:Love, Hope, Peace, Progress, Truth正确答案：Western, Marxist, Christian, Islamic, Green4、“Learning about” a culture involves learning basic things related to that culture such as its history whereas “learning to do” a culture involves understanding why people in that culture behave and act the way they do.A:对B:错正确答案：对5、During the first level of cultural awareness, you start connecting with people from the different culture and begin understanding them.A:对B:错正确答案：错第二章1、The belief that your cultural group is superior to that of others is known as:( ).A:AgeismB:Cultural InferiorityC:Ethnocentrism or Cultural SuperiorityD: Levels of Culture正确答案：Ethnocentrism or Cultural Superiority2、What are subcultures?A:The many different kinds of prejudices many people have.B:The belief that your own culture is far superior to that of others.C:The many smaller cultures within a larger, national culture.D:They are overgeneralizations designed to hurt others.正确答案：The many smaller cultures within a larger, national culture.3、The different Levels of Culture include:( ).A:NationalB:RegionalC:GenerationalD: All the options are incorrect正确答案：All the options are incorrect4、Generalizations are hurtful/harmful. Stereotypes are helpful.A:对B:错正确答案：错5、To avoid stereotyping, one must avoid overgeneralizing.A:对B:错正确答案：对第三章1、Low context communicationis communication that occurs mostly through language.A:对B:错正确答案：A2、High context communication is communication that occurs mostly through language.A:对B:错正确答案：B3、What are examples of behavior codes?A:Books and magazinesB:Body language and social rolesC:Words people say and texts messagesD:Posters and past relationships正确答案：B4、What is one of the major sources of confusion, misunderstanding and frustration in cross-cultural communication?A:The difference in languages spoken by people from difference countries.B:The difference in age between the people communicating.C:The difference in jobs between the people communicating.D:The difference between high and low-context communication.正确答案：D5、For a Chinese student going to the United States for the first time, what might be a source of frustration?A:Only having written forms of communication and no one to help them in person.B:Not feeling confident with their speaking ability.C:The poor public transportation in the United States.D:Not being able to connect with new friends on WeChat.正确答案：A第四章1、Typically, Asians are more formal than westerners and older people are more formal than younger people.A:对B:错正确答案：A2、How do Westerners react to silence?A:They will feel uncomfortable and immediately leave the situation.B:They will likely feel uncomfortable and keep talking to stop the silence.C:They will listen and wait for another person to speak.D:They won’t notice the silence at all.正确答案：C3、Which of the following is a good question to ask in order to start a conversation with a foreigner?A:How long have you been in China?B:Can you use chopsticks?C:What is something that has surprised you the most about teaching in China?D:Can you speak Chinese?正确答案：C4、Westerners prefer to use indirect communication meaning that they say exactly what they think.A:对B:错正确答案：B5、When making first contact with a new person, which of the following matters?A:StatusB:The activityC:CultureD:The SettingE:All the options are incorrect正确答案：E6、In the West, friendships are based on the ability to help one another using personal connections. If someone does something for you, then it is your duty to pay them back with a helpful action later.A:对B:错正确答案：B7、Westerners often find it easy to understand the Chinese system of social credit and social debt because it is similar to how people act in the West.A:对B:错正确答案：B8、Typically, Westerners are much more informal in their friendships than Chinese people.A:对B:错正确答案：B9、Americans expect to gain and lose friendships naturally as their life changes. For example, they may have a group of close friends in high school that will changeonce they reach university.A:对B:错正确答案：A10、Which of the following is true about relationships in the West?A:Relationships often follow the rules of social debts and credits.B:Gift-giving is a common way to incur or repay social obligations in the West.C:Western friends typically have a more informal relationship than Chinese friends.D:Westerners dislike the feeling of dependence in friendships.正确答案：D第五章1、What is one possible reason that Americans don’t feel as attached to their surroundings as people from other cultures?A:America has fewer smells and therefore their surroundings do not have strong emotional attachments.B:Most places in American are considered to be ugly by Americans.C:American restaurants are too loud and Americans prefer peace and quiet.D:All the options are incorrect.正确答案：C2、Americans live in a low contact society.A:对B:错正确答案：A3、High Contact is where a culture prefers to use their vision in order to take in information, therefore they need to stand further away from an object in order to see the whole object and appreciate it.A:对B:错正确答案：B4、Why did the tribe from Central Africa describe the picture differently from how you or I would describe the photo?A:They don’t have the education to understand the picture.B:It was an intentional trick by the person who was showing them the picture.C:They didn’t have experience with photographs before and therefore perceived it differently.D:There was a language barrier and the westerner was not able to understand what the tribes people were saying.正确答案：C5、Perception is the way that something is understood or interpreted using your ability to see, hear, or use other senses.A:对B:错正确答案：A第六章1、What type of learning styleis common in China?A:A parent centered style of learning.B:A student centered style of learning.C:A teacher centered style of learning.D:Equality between the teacher and students.正确答案：C2、What is one of the purposes of pets in the United States?A:To have a friend, because it can be difficult to make friends.B:To satisfy the need for human touch.C:To satisfy the need of having someone listen to you.D:To satisfy the need of having someone be below you.正确答案：B3、How is the inside/outside pattern divided?A:Loud and softB:Rich and poorC:Private and publicD:Humans and animals正确答案：C4、In China, if you make eye contact and widen your eyes, it means you are angry. A:对B:错正确答案：A5、All humans around the world have learned to use their bodies the same.A:对B:错正确答案：B第七章1、With regards to social relationships, hierarchy means making your own decisions and choices that are best for you like what you want to eat for breakfast.A:对B:错正确答案：B2、If a culture has a past-oriented sense of time, what does that mean?A:Tradition is the best teacher.B:The past a future live together side by side.C:We should always be making plans for tomorrow.D:None of the options are incorrect.正确答案：A3、Westerners and Christians historically have believed which of the following?A:Humans are basically goodB:Humans are a mixture of good and evilC:Humans are basically evilD:All the options are incorrect正确答案：C4、What is an example from Chinese culture that shows a balance between living with nature and utilizing science?A:KungfuB:Economic developmentC:Chinese MedicineD:Chinese food正确答案：C5、Which of the following is not one of the 5 orientations from Kluckhohn’s model?A:Human NatureB:Sense of timeC:Social RelationshipsD:High context正确答案：D第八章1、At the Appreciation Stage of cultural adaptation, you are able to:( ).A:Forget about your home cultureB:Accept and appreciate both the similarities and differences of the new culture.C:Like some things from the new culture even more than the home culture.D:Appreciate both the similarities and differences of the new culture and Like some things from the new culture even more than the home culture.正确答案：D2、Experiencing culture shock upon returning home after spending time in a foreign country is known as: ( ).A:Culture ShockB:Culture Shock Part 2C:Culture Shock ReturnsD:Reverse Culture Shock正确答案：D3、A good strategy to adopt if you are feeling lonely in a foreign culture would be: ( ).A:Return to your home culture.B:Try and make friends (both international friends and local friends).C:Talk to friends and family members back home regularly.D:Eat food from your local culture to comfort you.正确答案：B4、One’s perception is shaped by one’s culture.A:对B:错正确答案：A5、Confusion and frustration are commonly experienced during culture shock.A:对B:错正确答案：B。

(完整版)跨文化交际

第一章关于文化、交际及跨文化交际第一节文化一、文化的定义（一）《现代汉语词典》对于“文化”的解释:1。

人类在社会历史发展过程中所创造的物质和精神财富的总和，特指精神财富，如文学、艺术、教育、科学等。

2。

考古学用语,指同一个历史时期的不依分布地点为转移的遗迹、遗物的综合体。

同样的工具、用具,同样的制造技术等，是同一种文化的特征,如仰韶文化、龙山文化。

3.指运用文字的能力及一般知识。

文化是个非常复杂的系统,它是一个整体，我们所能观察到的只是形成文化系统的具体要素，就是一个个具体的文化现象。

简单归结，文化即是人们所思、所言（言语和非言语）、所为、所觉的总和。

二、文化的特征1。

文化是人类所独有的，是区别人类和动物的主要标志。

是由人类进化过程中衍生出来或创造出来的。

2。

文化不是先天所有,而是通过后天习得的。

3。

文化是一个体系。

4.文化在一个群体中具有共享性。

5。

文化是丰富多样的.6。

文化是发展变化的；7.文化具有民族性和特定的阶级性；8.文化常有本民族文化优越感的倾向;9.文化是建立在象征符号之上的，是可以传递的。

第二节交际一、交际的概念交际这一词汇communicate来源于拉丁语commonis一词,commonis是common的意思.很明显，交际这一概念与“共同”commonness密切相关，即“共同”或“共享”是交际的前提。

交际是符号活动，它是一个动态多变的编译码过程，当交际者把意义赋予言语或非言语符号时，就产生了交际。

交际受制于文化、心理等多种因素 ,交际不一定以主观意志为转移，可能是无意识和无意向的活动 .跨文化交际中“交际"可定义为：信息发送者与信息接受者共享信息的过程。

人们的交际行为主要是以语言为媒介进行信息交换的动态过程。

二、交际的特点1. 交际是传播者和接收者之间的相互活动；2. 交际的双方是动态的；3。

交际过程一旦完成,所发出的信息是不能收回的；4.交际具有社会性。

三、文化和交际的关系文化会影响到交际。

跨文化交际1 (1)

Chapter One:Culture and Communication1.The Importance of Learning about CulturesCase 1. Read the following case and try to explain the underlying reason.Case 1. The following case involves an American businesswoman and a British Businessman.“We seeme d to get along great on the telephone. It was a relief after several years in Eastern Europe to actually be doing business with the British. At least we spoke the same language,” says the American businesswoman. “We thought alike. I trusted him.”All went well until the American traveled to London to meet face-to-face with her British colleague to sign a research and development contract. The first meeting did not go well. “ There was something that didn‟t seem right,” she says. “Throughout the presentation none of the Brits, not even the guy I had developed a phone relationship with, would look us in the eye. It was like they were hiding something.After a lot of internal discussion, we decided to sign the contract, but many of us still felt uneasy. Even wh en we talked on the phone later I just couldn‟t get the failure of them to look me in the eye out of my head. It almost ruined the relationship and sunk the deal.”2.Understanding Culture2.1 The Definition of Culture(p2-p4)What’s culture?2.1 Larry A. Samovar and Richard E. Porter’s Definition of Culture (p4):The deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.文化的定义：文化是一个大群体在代代相传中，通过本人和集体的努力获得的知识、经验、信念、价值、态度、角色、空间关系、宇宙关系的积淀，以及他们获得的全部物质的东西。

(2021年整理)跨文化案例选集1

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Case 1 I've Not Considered Marriage YetJohn, 28 years old， an Australian studing Chinese in Beijing, met Li Hua at a dance party。

Li Hua, 22, took an instant liking to John the first time they met， as time went on ，they saw more and more of each other。

After six months or so, Li Hua suggeste that John meet her parents。

Since this was the first time John had visited a Chinese family， he became quite nervous the moment he was introduced to Li Hua’s parents, elder sister and siser—in—law. Soon after serving him some Chinese tea and fruit， Li Hua's mother began questiong John about his background, his family and relatives, as well as his economic status。

跨文化交际全部答案

跨文化交际全部答案参考资料Unit 1 Communication Across CulturesReading IIntercultural Communication：An IntroductionComprehension questions1. Is it still often the case that “everyone?s quick to blame the alien” in the contemporary world?This is still powerful in today‘s social and political rhetoric. For instance,it is not uncommon intoday‘s society to hear people say that most, if not all, of the social and economic problems arecaused by minorities and immigrants.2. What?s the difference between today?s intercultural contact and that of any time in the past?Today‘s intercultural encounters are far more numerous and of greater importancethan in anytime in history.3. What have made intercultural contact a very common phenomenon in our life today?New technology, in the form of transportation and communication systems, has accelerated intercultural contact; innovative communication systems have encouraged and facilitated cultural interaction; globalization of the economy has brought people together; changes in immigration patterns have also contributed to intercultural encounter.4. How do you understand the sentence “culture iseverything and everywhere”?Culture supplies us with the answers to questions about what the world looks like and how we live and communicate within that world. Culture teaches us how to behavein our life from the instant of birth. It is omnipresent.5. What are the major elements that directly influence our perception and communication?The three major socio-cultural elements that directly influence perception and communication are cultural values, worldview (religion), and social organizations (family and state).6. What does one?s family teach him or her while he or she grows up in it?The family teaches the child what the world looks like and his or her place in that world.7. Why is it impossible to separate our use of language from our culture?Because language is not only a form of preserving culture but also a means ofsharing culture. Language is an organized, generally agreed-upon, learned symbol system that is used to represent the experiences within a cultural community.8. What are the nonverbal behaviors that people can attach meaning to?People can attach meaning to nonverbal behaviors such as gestures, postures, facial expressions, eye contact and gaze, touch, etc.9. How can a free, culturally diverse society exist?A free, culturally diverse society can exist only if diversity is permitted to flourish without prejudice and discrimination, both of which harm all members of the society.Reading IIThe Challenge of GlobalizationComprehension questions1. Why does the author say that our understanding of the world has changed?Many things, such as political changes and technological advances, have changed the world very rapidly. In the past most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. Such an existence, however, no longer prevails in the world. Thus, all people are faced with the challenge of understanding this changed and still fast changing world in which we live.2. What a “global village” is like?As our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remote cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. In a ―global village‖, members of once isolated groups of people have to communicate with members of other cultural groups. Those people may live thousands of miles away or right next door to each other.3. What is considered as the major driving force of the post-1945 globalization?Technology, particularly telecommunications and computers are considered to be the major driving force.4. What does the author mean by saying that “the …global?may be more local than the …local?”?The increasing global mobility of people and the impact of new electronic media on human communications make the world seem smaller. We may communicate more with people of other countries than with our neighbors, and we may be moreinformed of the international events than of the local events. In this sense, ―the ?global‘may be more local than the ?local‘‖.5. Why is it important for businesspeople to know diverse cultures in the world?Effective communication may be the most important competitive advantage that firms have to meet diverse customer needs on a global basis. Succeeding in the global market today requires the ability to communicate sensitively with people from other cultures,a sensitivity that is based on an understanding of cross-cultural differences.6. What are the serious problems that countries throughout the world are confronted with?Countries throughout the world are confronted with serious problems such as volatile international economy, shrinking resources, mounting environmental contamination, and epidemics that know no boundaries.7. What implications can we draw from the case of MichaelFay?This case shows that in a world of international interdependence, the ability to understand and communicate effectively with people from other cultures takes on extreme urgency. If we are unaware of the significant role culture plays in communication, we may place the blame for communication failure on people of other cultures.8. What attitudes are favored by the author towardsglobalization?Globalization, for better or for worse, has changed the world greatly. Whether we like it or not, globalization is all but unstoppable. It is already here to stay. It is both a fact and anopportunity. The challenges are not insurmountable. Solutions exist, and are waiting to be identified and implemented. From a globalistic point of view, there is hope and faith in humanity.Translation纵观历史，我们可以清楚地看到，人们由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异，而长久无法互相理解、无法和睦相处。

跨文化研究的三个概念综述

对于语言与文化专业的学生来说，了解一点美国人 Sapir 和他的学生 Whorf 在 20 世纪提出的萨丕尔沃尔夫假说（The Sapir-Whorfian hypothesis）还是很有必要的，因为这个假说谈到了语言与文化之间的关系问题。他们认为语言的学习是不能与文化的学习割
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论坛特稿
至此，英国的文化研究受到世界各地的欢迎。（Kramer，1997）与此同时，根据美国（Nelson and Grossberg，1988 ；Grossberg，Nelson and Treichler，1992），澳大利亚（Turner，1992），中国台湾（Chen，1992），意大利（Baransky and Lumley，1990），德国（Kramer，1997），欧洲的其他国家（Journal of the Study of British Cultures， 1999）以及世界各地（British Studies，1992 ；International Journal of Cultural Studies， 1998 年起至今）的具体需求，文化研究与各地不同的特定环境下的本土传统和文化相融合，对各国的教学和研究产生了作用。差不多也就在这个时段，文化研究被引入（或被再次引入）外语教学（Buttjes，1981 ；Byram，1989 ；引自 Kramer，1997）和其他国际科目的教学中（Aronowitz and Giroux，1991）。
从上面 Hofstede 和 Taylor 的观点中我们可以看出文化是人类个体赖以生存的文化含义的模式或者说是关系网。Taylor 以文化交往中的“协商”（negotiations）为例，指出个体行为被看作“协商”“终止协商”“提议”等。这些协商被看作对于构成整体活动规范的遵从。这些规范并非仅仅存在于个人的头脑里，而是都具有相互理解的含义。继 Taylor 之后，Hofstede 还提出了文化中更多的属于社会现实的一部分的意义范围，譬如： “共有意义”从某种意义上来说能够体现文化的物质遗产（artefacts）。他说：“我所指的共有意义其概念的重要性，首先是其共有性不仅在于人人拥有这些含义。共有性的含义更应该体现在身处在一个共有的参照世界里。”（Hofstede，1973 ：30）

跨文化完整版

1 Basic functions of culture:(1) It is believed that culture evolved for the same reasons ：it serves the basic need of laying out a predictable world in which each of us is firmly grounded and thus enables us to make sense of our surrounding . Culture makes all things easy(2) In addition to making the world a less perplexing place, cultures have now evolved to the point where they are. People’s primary means of satisfying 3 types of needs2 culture makes all things easy: for two important reason：first, culture helps facilitate the transition from womb to this new life by providing meaning to event, object, and people. Second, culture makes life less confusing because, as we shall see later, most of culture is automatic and subconscious.3 three types of cultureBasic needs: food, shelter, physical protection Derived needs:派生需求organization of work, distribution of food, defense, social controlIntegrative needs 综合需求: psychological security , social harmony, purpose in life4梁漱溟文化理论material culture：social culture：ideological 5 Abraham Maslow:Pyramid:“self—actualization 自我实现需求，：esteem needs 尊重需求；：belongings needs 社交需求：safety needs 安全需求physiological needs 生理需求9 enculturation usually take place through: 1 interaction 2 observation 3 imitation10 sources of learning culture: 1 we learn our culture through proverbs 2 from folk tales, legends and myths. 3 through art 4 through mass media11 symbols 三类分法①spoken word .written word .nonverbal actions(非语言行为)object (i.e.: flags automobiles or jewelry)②language communicative symbols :spoken words ,written wordsNonverbal communicative symbols (body behavior. body movement. gestures. facial expressions. touch. objects.)③Perice 皮尔斯(人类学家)j表格2the physical mechanism of perception is pretty much the same in all people :sensory organs such as the eyes ,ears and nose permit us to sense our environment ,and the sensation received by them are routed through our nervous system to the brains, where they are interpreted and accorded meaning in a two stage sequence :the first recognition or identification .the second is the interpretation and evaluation (1 the biological stage 生理阶段。

跨文化交际最新版本

The Scope and Classification of Communication1.交际发生的条件1)There are at least two or more people交际的五种分类a)Human communicationb)Animal communicationc)Human-animal communicationd)Human-machine communicatione)Machine-to-machine communication其他分类f)Intra-personal communication 自我传播g)Interpersonal communication 人际传播h)Organizational communication 组织传播i)Mass communication 大众传播Human and biological/physical communication 树状图略2)There must be some contact between communicatorsa)Two-way contact = direct communicationb)One-way contact = indirect communicationc)Face to face communication 面对面交际d)Distance communication 远距离交际3)There must be a language shared by communicators语言分类树状图略4)An exchange of information has taken place 判断交际的成功程度a)Complete success communicationb)Partial successc)Failureponents of communication 交际的组成1) A message (verbal or non-verbal)2) A sender3)Receiver4)Channel5)Noise 干扰6)Feedback7)Encoding 编码8)Decoding 解码3.Model of communication1)The linear model 线性模式Sender →Message →Channel →Receiver →EffectThere is no feedback in this model 缺点：无反馈2)The circular model 循环模式Message+decode/encode= two-way processThis is an exchange model everyone is both a decoder and an encoder3)The contexualized model 环境模式Context(环境) refers to the idea that every act of communication must happen in some sort of surroundings.环境分类a)Physical context 物质环境b)Social context 社会环境c)Cultural context 文化环境4.Characteristics of communication1)Dynamic 动态的2)Irreversible 不可撤销的( the original person can’t take it back)3)Symbolic 符号性4)Systemic 系统性5)Self-reflective 自我反应性6)Interactive 交互性7)Complexmunication is culture, and culture is communication.when culture differs,communication also differ.6.Ingredients of cultureCultures may be classified by three categories1)Artifact 人造物品2)Concepts 概念3)Behavior 行为文化的三个层次1)Material level 物质文化2)System level 制度文化3)Belief and behavior level 观念文化7.Characteristics of culture 文化的特征1)Culture is not innate(固有的), it's learned2)Culture is transmitted from generation to generation3)Culture is selective4)The facets of culture are interrelated 相互联系的5)Culture is ethnocentric 民族文化优越感6)Culture is subject to change 文化是发展变化的We learn our culture from folk tales,legends, and myths,through arts and mass media. All of this learning occurs as conscious or unconscious conditioning that leads one toward competence in a particular culture. The activity is called enculturation(文化合群).8.Cultural patterns 文化模式1)Dominant culture 主流文化mainstream culture WASP—White anglo-saxonprotestant 为美国主流文化It involves the cultural components common to most people, including views of politics, conceptions of self and basic roles standard forms which most people in the society are aware of and accept.2)Subcuture 亚文化(ethnic, regional, occupational, social, economical, religiousor gender-related)3)Co-culture 共生文化9.大题Five value orientations表格略1)Human naturea)Evil but perfectibleb)Mixture of good and evilc)Good but corruptible2)Relationship to naturea)Nature controls humanb)Harmony with naturec)Human controls nature3)Sense of time 时间观念a)Pastb)Presentc)Future4)Activitya)Being-orientedb)Being-and-becomingc)Doing5)Social relationshipsa)Hierarchyb)Group 以群体为中心c)Individual 以人为中心10.高低语境文化In high-context cultures the information is in the physical context or internalized(内在化)in the people who are part of the interaction. Very little information is coded in the verbal message.In low-context cultures information is contained in the verbal message, very little is in the context or within the participants.11.What is culture like?1)Culture is like an iceberg2)Culture is like an onion3)Culture is our software4)Culture is the grammar of our behavior 文化是行动指南5)Culture is like the water a fish swims in12.Human communication takes place in two ways1)Verbal communication2)Non-verbal communication “silent language”13.One word may have a different meaning and implication even in another culture thatuses the same language. Bomb: 美，massive failures 英，huge success14.The influence of culture on language1)Language as a reflection of the environment2)Language as reflection of valuesLanguage determinism 语言决定论15.Words have two layers of meanings1)Denotational meaning 概念意义2)Connotational meaning 内涵意义Denotational meaning refers to a dictionary definitionConnotational meaning refers to extended meanings or associtated meanings.16.Sociolinguistic transfer 语用迁移17.Speech act theory 言语行为理论1)Locutionary act 言内行为2)Illocutinary act 言外行为3)Perlocutionary act 言后行为18.Face and politeness 面子原则和礼貌原则“face”is an individual’sself-esteem1)Positive face is your need to be to a number of a group2)Negative face is the need to be independent and to have freedomFace-threatening acts 威胁到他人面子的行为19.Cooperative principle 合作原则的四个准则1)Quanlity maxim 数量准则：give the right amount of information2)Quality maxim 质量准则：try to make your contribution one that is true 说实话，有证据3)Relation maxim 关联准则：be relevant 内容相关不离题4)Manner maxim 得体准则：be perspicous 明白的表达清楚的20.Four notions underlying Chinese conception of limao1)Respectfulness 尊重2)Modesty 谦虚3)Attitudinal warmth 态度热情4)Refinement 温文尔雅21.Style of paragraph development1)English language group linear logical development: topic statement22.The difference between Chinese and Western cultural thought patterns1)Intuition thinking VS analytic thinkinga)Chinese: harmony, entirety, view thinking from whole to partb)Western: analysis, part, view thinking from part to whole2)Concrete thinking VS abstract thinking 具象思维VS抽象思维3)Deductive VS inductive patterns 演绎法vs 归纳法a)Deductive pattern: general to specificb)Inductive pattern: specific to generalPower distance 权利距离social distance 社会距离1.Chinese verbal style: implicit communication含蓄，listening centeredness听话，politeness客气，focus on insiders自己人，face-directed strategy面子2.Function of nonverbal communication1)Replacing 代替2)Regulating 调节3)Conveying 表达4)Modifying 更改5)Repeating 重复6)Complementing 补充7)Contradicting 对立●Eye contact 目光接触Eye contact or oculesics, eyea speak in interpersonal communication. In North America and North Europe, eye contact shows openness, trustworthiness, and integrity, direct eye contact is high valued, it means to be frank and honest, it’ll keep conversation partner to stay involved,or to discourage him. However, eye contact is not steady, and maintains for a second or two. Staring at someone too long isn’t polite and make people uncomfortable(US). But black children look down to show respect. In Japan look in the eye is rude. Arab culture use very intense eye contact.✧Very direct eye contact can be misinterpreted as hostility, aggressiveness, orintrusiveness(干涉).✧Minimal eye contact can be misinterpreted as lack of interest or understanding,dishonesty or shyness.●Touch 接触Touch, or haptics refers to communicating through the use of bodily contact. If used properly, it creats feelings of warmth and trust. If used improperly, it causes annoyance.✧Two categories of culture according to body distance.1)Touch culture rich in body touch: Arabs, Southern and Western Europe,Jews and Latins2)Non-touch culture not rich in body touch: Americans Northern Europeand Orientals✧HandshakingA firm handshake plus direct eye contact is the standard form of greeting in English-speaking countries.见P150 最后一段✧Hugging and kissing✧身体接触部位的忌讳见P152✧People from low-context cultures tend to feel crowded by people fromhigh-context cultures, and people from high-context cultures feel left out and rejected by people from low-context cultures.✧SmellArabs feel others’ presence by smelling, they envelope each other in their breath, smelling the natural body odors of one’s friend is desirable.●Paralanguage 副语言Paralanguage lies between verbal and nonverbal communication. It involves sounds but not words relating to oral communication. It refers to the rate(音频率), pitch and volume qualities of the voice, which interrupt and affect the meaning of a message.●Personal space 个人空间1)Intimate zone 亲密距离(husband and wife, close friends, lovers)2)Personal zone 个人距离(friends, collegues)3)Social zone 社会距离( formal business situations)4)Public zone 公共距离（public speech）●Temporal language 时间语言(chronemics 时间学)It refers to the way in which time is used in a culture. A culture’s use of time provide valuable cues to how members of the culture value and respond to time.运用时间的方式：单时制，多时制1)Monochronic time 单时制M-timeM-time cultures emphasize schedules, a precise reckoning of time(阶段性), and promptness(准时).Used in individualistic cultures: US, BT, CAN, AUSTRILIA, NU.2)Polychronic time 多时制P-timeP-time cultures emphasize the completion of transaction and the involvement of people rather than a rigid adherence to the clock. 强调人们的参与和任务的完成They tend to do several things at the same time. (拉美，中东)Chinese are polychronic, they can—they prefer—and do mutitasks simultaneously见P165表格✧Keeping a person with a business appointment waiting for five minutes isacceptable.✧Time frame 时间幅度It is the amount of time you allow for something to be done.✧To know another culture we must first learn the language, then be able to hear thesilent messages and read the invisible words, we must understand the cultural values. Vocabularies⏹Chapter 1Communication: 交际Sender:信息发出者Responder: 信息接受者Message: 信息Channel/Medium: 渠道Encoding: 编码Decoding: 解码Noise: 干扰Context: 语境Feedback: 反馈Physical context物质环境Social context:社会环境Cultural context:文化环境Intercultural communication:跨文化交际Intercultural business communication: 跨文化商务交际international communication:国际交流Interethnic communition:跨民族交流Interracial communication:跨种族交流Interregional communication:跨地区交流Globalizaion:全球化Communicatin barriers:交流障碍Avoidence of the unfamiliarUnvertainty reduction:不确定性减少Withdrawal:内向Stereotyping:刻板印象Prejudice:偏见Racism:种族主义Misuse of power：滥用权力Culture shock: 文化冲击Ethnocentrism: 民族优越感⏹Chapter 2Culture:文化Concept:概念Biological vs. Cultural:生理行为VS文化行为Subculture:亚文化Co-culture:共生文化Dominant culture:主导文化Artifact:人工制品Behavior:人类行为Cultural values:文化价值Normal distribution:正态分布In-group:内部集团的Out-group:外部集团的symbol:符号Hero:英雄Cultural-specific values: 文化具象价值Priorities of cultural values: 文化价值优先权Power distance:权力距离Uncertainty avoidance:不确定性避免Masculinity:男性化Femininity:女性化Long-term orientation:长期目标，方向Short-term orientation:短期目标Universalism:普遍化Particularism:完全忠一论Communitarianism:大众化Neutral:中立的Emotional:情绪的Specific: 具体的，明确的Diffuse:扩散，冗长累赘的Achievement:成就Ascription:归属High-context culture:高语境文化Low-context culture:低语境文化⏹Chapter 3Sapir-whorf hypothesis:萨皮尔—沃尔夫假说Syntactical:语法的Discourse:演说，著述Connotation:内涵含义Conversation taboos:交谈禁忌Inductive:归纳法Deductive: 演绎法Lexical：词汇的Pragmatic:实用主义的Denotation:指示Speech act:言语行为Linear language:线性语言Nonlinear language:非线性语言⏹Chapter 4Nonverbal communication:非语言交流Posture:姿势，姿态Facial expression:面部表情Vocal qualifiers:口头修饰语Gesture:手势，姿势（此文档部分内容来源于网络，如有侵权请告知删除，文档可自行编辑修改内容，供参考，感谢您的配合和支持）编辑版word。

跨文化英语演讲稿范文

Ladies and Gentlemen,Good morning/afternoon/evening. It is my great honor to stand before you today and share my thoughts on a topic that is as vast as the world itself: cultural diversity. In this interconnected age, where our global village is more accessible than ever before, the importance of understanding and embracing different cultures cannot be overstated. Today, I will discuss the significance of cross-cultural communication, the challenges it presents, and the benefits it brings to our world.I. IntroductionCultural diversity is a gift that has been bestowed upon humanity. It is a tapestry woven with the threads of countless traditions, languages, and customs. Each culture has its unique values, beliefs, and practices, which together create a rich tapestry of human experience. As we navigate the complexities of our modern world, it is crucial that we recognize the value of cultural diversity and strive to understand and appreciate it.II. The Significance of Cross-Cultural Communication1. Breaking Down BarriersCross-cultural communication serves as a powerful tool for breaking down the barriers that divide us. By learning about other cultures, we can overcome stereotypes and misconceptions, fostering a sense of unity and empathy. This, in turn, promotes a more peaceful and harmonious world.2. Enhancing Global UnderstandingIn an increasingly interconnected world, the ability to communicate effectively across cultures is essential. By engaging in cross-cultural communication, we can foster a deeper understanding of global issues, such as climate change, economic disparities, and social justice. This understanding can lead to more effective solutions and collaborations.3. Personal GrowthEmbracing cultural diversity and engaging in cross-cultural communication can lead to personal growth and self-awareness. It allows us to see the world from different perspectives, broadening our horizons and enriching our lives.III. Challenges of Cross-Cultural Communication1. Language BarriersLanguage is a significant barrier to cross-cultural communication. While learning a new language can be a rewarding experience, it is not always feasible or practical. To bridge this gap, we can use other forms of communication, such as gestures, facial expressions, and non-verbal cues.2. Cultural MisunderstandingsCultural misunderstandings can arise when individuals from different backgrounds interact. These misunderstandings can lead to conflicts and resentment. To mitigate this, it is crucial to approach interactions with an open mind and a willingness to learn.3. EthnocentrismEthnocentrism, or the belief that one's own culture is superior to others, can hinder cross-cultural communication. Overcoming ethnocentrism requires self-reflection and a genuine interest in understanding other cultures.IV. Benefits of Cross-Cultural Communication1. Economic OpportunitiesCross-cultural communication can lead to new economic opportunities. As businesses expand globally, the ability to communicate effectively with international partners is crucial. By fostering cross-cultural understanding, we can create a more inclusive and prosperous global economy.2. Improved RelationshipsEmbracing cultural diversity can lead to improved relationships between individuals and communities. By showing respect for other cultures, we can build trust and foster stronger connections.3. Innovation and CreativityThe blending of different cultures can lead to innovation and creativity. When people from diverse backgrounds come together, they can combinetheir unique perspectives and experiences to create new ideas and solutions.V. ConclusionIn conclusion, cultural diversity is a treasure that we must cherish and protect. Cross-cultural communication is the key to unlocking its full potential. By embracing cultural diversity, we can break down barriers, enhance global understanding, and create a more inclusive and harmonious world.As we move forward, let us remember that every culture has its ownbeauty and value. Let us strive to understand and appreciate the differences that make us unique, and let us use our shared humanity to build a better future for all.Thank you for your attention, and I welcome any questions you may have.[Note: This speech is a general framework and can be tailored tospecific audiences and contexts. Additional examples, personal anecdotes, or case studies can be included to enhance the impact of the speech.]。