2001 Annual Survey of the Mathematical Sciences (First Report
国际比较ch06-1 国家咨询委员会报告
Douglas H. Clements
Douglas H. Clements is Professor of early childhood, mathematics, and computer education at the University at Buffalo, State University of New York. Previously a kindergarten teacher for five years and a preschool teacher for one year, he has conducted research and published widely in the areas of the learning and teaching of geometry, computer applications in mathematics education, the early development of mathematical ideas, and the effects of social interactions on learning. He has published over 100 refereed research studies, 8 books, 50 chapters, and 250 additional publications.
Wade Boykin
Wade Boykin is a Professor and Director of the Graduate Program in the Department of Psychology at Howard University in Washington, D.C. From 1994-2004, he served as Co-Director of the National Center for Research on the Education of Students Placed At Risk (CRESPAR). CRESPAR continues at Howard University as the Research and Development unit of Capstone Institute. CRESPAR/Capstone's mission is to formulate, implement, research, evaluate and disseminate comprehensive school reform and school improvement initiatives according to a Talent Development model of schooling.
昆虫学期刊英文刊名的缩写
1984.201～205.3 Clements A.N.The Biology of M osquitoes.V ol.Ⅰ:Development ,Nutrition and Reproduction.Chapman Hall.London ,1992.509.4 Wheeler T.A.Can .Ent .,1992,124:729～735.5 S oldan T.,Landa V.Spol .Zool .,1981,45:189～203.6 吴兴永,归鸿,苏翠荣.昆虫学报,1993,36(3):382～384.7 彩万志,庞雄飞,花保祯,梁广文,宋敦伦.普通昆虫学.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2001.206～207.8 H otta Y.,Benzer S.Proc .Nat .Acad .Sci .USA ,1976,73(11):4154～4158.9 Zoological Records ,1980～2000.10 平山修次郎.原色碟类图谱.东京:三省堂出版社,1938.260.11 杨集昆等.华北灯下蛾类图志(中册).北京农业大学,1978.403～404.12 杨集昆,毛彩仙.大自然,1997,3:19.13 施德祥.昆虫知识,1986,23(6):284.14 陈树椿.昆虫学报,1988,31:340.15 郑一平.昆虫学报,1996,39(2):223～224.16 李恺,郑哲民.昆虫分类学报,2000,22(4):290.17 Brust R.A.Can .J .Zool .,1966,44:911～921.18 Hall D.W.J.Fla .Anti 2Mosq .Assoc .,1987,58:25～28.19 G ardner E.J.,S imm ons M.J.,Snustad D.P.Principles ofG enetics.8th ed.W iley.New Y ork ,1991.729.20 F orattini O.P.,Sallum M. A.M.,Flores D. C.J .Am .Mosq .Contr .Assoc .,1991,7:129～131.21 T amazawa S.Res .Bul .Univ .Farm ,Hokk .Univ .,1977,20:145～152.22 T amazawa S.Mem .Fac .Agr .,Hokk .Univ .,1977,10:284～292.23 Whiting p .P sychol .,1932,14:345～363.24 Clark A.M.,Egen R. C.Dev .Biol .,1975,45:251～259.25 Crosland M.W.J.,Crozier R.H.,Jeffers on E.J .Aust .Ent .Soc .,1988,27:305～309.26 Obara Y.,T amazawa S.Phys .Ent .,1982,7:443～448.27 S turtevant E.H.Z.Wiss .Zool .,1929,135:323～356.28 K im K.C.,C ook E. F.Misc .Publ .Ent .Soc .Amer .,1996,5:78～100.29 G riffiths G.C.D.The Phylogenetic Classification of DipteraCyclorrhapha with S pecial Reference to the S tructure of the M ale P ostabdomen.Dr.W.Junk ,The Hague ,1972.340.昆虫学期刊英文刊名的缩写3吴坤君 盛承发 龚佩瑜33(中国科学院动物研究所 北京 100080)H ow to abbreviate E nglish titles of entomological periodicals .W U K un 2Jun ,SHE NG Cheng 2Fa ,G ONG Pei 2Y u (Institute o f Zoology ,Chinese Academy o f Sciences ,Beijing 100080,China )Abstract G eneral regulations for the abbreviation of English titles of entom ological periodicals are presented.The abbreviated forms of comm on w ords in these titles and the abbreviated exam ples of the comm on periodical names are listed.The possibility of errors in abbreviated titles is als o discussed.K ey w ords entom ology ,periodical title ,abbreviation摘 要 归纳了与昆虫学有关的科学期刊英文刊名的缩写规则,列举了刊名中常见单词的缩写方法和常见刊名的缩写形式,讨论了在缩写刊名时可能出现的问题。
河南省九师联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期10月英语试题
河南省九师联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期10月英语试题一、阅读理解Ware Poets Open Poetry CompetitionWelcome! We’re pleased to announce the 26th annual Ware Poets competition. Since 1998, we’ve been devoted to offering poets a chance to resonate (共鸣) with our judges and win a prize. Entries are received from throughout the United Kingdom and abroad.Prizes: 1st prize: £600; 2nd prize: £300; 3rd prize: £150Rules and Instructions for Entry:● Th e competition is open to anyone aged 16 or over.● Poems should be in English and must not have been published either in print or online. They must not meanwhile be sent to other competitions or submitted for publication. They must be no longer than 50 lines.● Poems may be submitted:a. Either by post to The Competition Secretary, Ware Poets Competition, 25 Southbrook Drive, Cheshunt, Herts. , EN8 0QJ, using the Postal Entry Form. They must be typed or neatly handwritten on A4 paper. Each poem must be on a separate sheet of paper which must not bear your name.b. Or by email with the individual poems as either WORD or PDF attachments to w**********************.● Any number of poems may be submitted on payment of the proper fee, which is £5 per poem, or £13 for three poems and £4 per poem for more than three poems. If submitted by email, your submission will be admitted by email.● We regret that we’re unable to return poems, or allow corrections to be made after entry.● We’ll hold an informal prize-giving event and a reading event on the evening of Friday 13th September. Names of the prizewinners and winning poets will be published on our website at warepoets. org shortly after.● Copyright remains with the authors but Ware Poets reserves the right to print winning poems in the competition anthology (选集).1．What is a requirement for the entries?A．They should be 50 lines at least.B．They must be submitted by email.C．They have to be original works.D．They must be accepted by publishers. 2．How much should one pay to enter the competition with four poems?A．£13.B．£16.C．£18.D．£20.3．How will the winners benefit from the competition?A．Their works will be published.B．They can decide on the anthology.C．They can interview the judges.D．Their names will appear on a magazine.I was born in Mexico City, and raised in San Luis Potosi and Monterrey. I started learning how to cook by watching my mother and my grandmothers. My passion for cooking started at the age of 14 in Monterrey. Then, at age 17, I was contracted to work in New Orleans and cooked for three years. After that, I moved to Houston in 1990, where I fell in love and then had my first two beautiful children. We moved to Richmond in 1995 due to the unemployment of work in Houston.Living in Richmond, I saw many opportunities come up. I was one of the first ones in Richmond to open a food trailer (活动房屋) business on Jefferson Davis Highway in 2000. We were at this location for about two years, and then we decided to open a restaurant nearby on the same road towards the market. We moved to that location in 2007. Our business was going very well until my husband died, which forced us to close our restaurant.After sadly closing the business, I worked at Tio Pablo as the head cook. I was there for approximately 3 - 4 years, and then headed to Rancho T. I later started working a second job with Commercial Taphouse. After being with Taphouse from 2018, I worked until it closed in 2022. I then saw the opportunity to open my business again. I said to myself, “It’s time to reopen my business back up after so long. ”So now you can find me cooking seven days a week aboard my own food truck, El Taconazo, parked at 3227 Broad Rock Blvd. We have various dishes from tacos to hot, delicious soups like menudo on Sundays, and posole. Anyway, the traditional Mexican food I cook always attracts a crowd.I do my work with passion. I invariably give my 100% to ensure that my customers are happy and come back and visit us. My business may be small, but what makes it big is my happycustomers returning.4．What can we know about the author from paragraph 1?A．She got her first job at age 14.B．She grew up in Mexico City.C．Her family influenced her to cook.D．Her husband pushed her to move.5．What made the author shut down the restaurant on Jefferson Davis Highway?A．Her husband’s death.B．An offer from Tio Pablo.C．Her desire to expand.D．The depression of the market.6．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A．Reasons for closing the business.B．Steps of reopening a restaurant.C．Restaurant industry’s expansion.D．The author’s working experience.7．What motivates the author to keep doing her work?A．Her increasing income.B．Her love of cooking.C．Her passion for eating.D．Her customers’ demand.Global travel is getting busier and busier, and this begs a question: Is there such a thing as an off-season anymore?Recently, ForwardKeys, a Spain-based travel data and analysis company, collected some numbers in three of the world’s most popular beach destinations: Thailand, Hawaii and the Maldives. Here’s the math: take the total number of tourists in a year and divide that figure by 12, which works out to an average of around 8% per month. Then, you can create a graph (图表) to see which months are higher or lower than that average.“In Thailand, low season typically lasts from April to September with April and May being really hot,” says Olivier Ponti, a director at ForwardKeys. “During this low season, the tourist volume each month covers over 7% of the annual total. That means very, very little seasonality.”Arguably, the biggest single factor affecting what we know as “peak season” travel is weather. A 2023 survey from the European Travel Commission reported that European travelers cited weather as their number-one factor in deciding where to go on vacation, with 8% of respondents saying they were concerned about extreme weather in European destinations.Climate may be an important factor in booking a holiday, but it’s not the only one. ForwardKeys’ Ponti, a father of two, notes that many travelers have to plan their trips at the sametime because they’re working around school schedules.But every family’s situation is different. For those whose kids are grown or who don’t have kids at all, there’re more opportunities to travel.Ann Woodward, a childfree American, makes a point of learning school schedules in her area so that she can plan around them. “I’m generally trying not to go to touristic attractions during those periods. I call it hiding,” she laughs. Woodward spent much of her youth traveling and has already checked off many of the big places that attract the most crowds, which means she can now go to less busy areas during an off-season. “For me, the challenge is about finding the joy in those low seasons,” she says.8．What does Olivier Ponti mean?A．Tourists find ways to fight overtourism.B．Off- season travel doesn’t exist anymore.C．More tourists enjoy traveling in low seasons.D．Peak-season travel is getting uncontrollable.9．What is the most important factor in European’s booking a holiday according to the 2023 survey?A．School plans.B．Economic budget.C．Technology.D．Climate.10．Why is Ann Woodward mentioned in the text?A．She is a travel enthusiast.B．She likes busier areas.C．She has flexible schedules.D．She has unique travel habits.11．What does the underlined phrase “checked off” in the last paragraph probably mean?A．Visited.B．Avoided.C．Examined.D．Remembered.If a stranger knocked on your door asking for using your phone, would you help? How about lending them five dollars for the bus, if they said they’d return and pay you back?Nowadays, many people find it hard to trust strangers. A recent study found that our ability to trust strangers may be more than just a social or psychological trait (特征) — it could be rooted in our DNA．This is important, as it turns out that trusting people might actually live longer and healthier lives compared to more skeptical people.Two main theories have appeared to explain why some people are more trusting than others. One suggests trust is a stable trait shaped by early life experiences. The other thinks it’s influenced by a person’s ongoing evaluation of the social environment. We can easily imagine that the answer to the question “Would you say that most people can be trusted? ” would depend on whether you’d been robbed the day before or if you’d had your dropped wallet returned.This is where the recent research comes in. A professor of Lund University, Edgerton and his coworkers have been doing research about trust. In their most recent study, involving 33, 882 Danish blood donors, their analyses identified a single gene (基因), PLPP4, which was strongly associated with the trait of trusting others. They discovered that the PLPP4 gene explained 6% of the variation in social trust within the study population. If you take two people who have similar education and life experiences, this gene alone could account for 6% of the difference in how much they trust others.They suspect that the PLPP4 gene may somehow soften our “fight-or-flight” survival mechanism. If our fight-or-flight system is less intense when we encounter new people, it makes sense that tending to trust others could have huge health benefits. Indeed, if trusting others acts as something against stress, it may lower the risk of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease.As people continue to uncover the mysteries of trust, one thing is clear: Understanding its genetic roots may hold the key to developing healthier communities in the world.12．What might affect people’s trust levels according to the existing theories?A．Their childhood habits.B．Their social experiences.C．Their personal abilities.D．Their communication skills.13．What does the recent study focus on?A．The ways to develop survival ability.B．The mental cause of trust.C．The connection between trust and a gene.D．The features of different genes. 14．What does the text say about trusting others?A．It could bring health benefits.B．It helps to develop the world faster.C．It lessens the intense stress in work.D．It causes better survival mechanisms. 15．What might be the best title for the text?A．Theories That Explain Why You Are TrustedB．Experiences Can Make You Grow DependableC．A Link Between Biology and Social ScienceD．A Gene Influences How Trusting You AreThanks to scientific and technological developments, billions of people today are living a better life than that of kings of centuries ago. 16 After all, despite all the progress we've made, the world faces many challenges in the 21st century: climate change, poverty and cancer, etc.Our best hope of dealing with these challenges is to make science and technology more productive. One practical way to achieve this is through the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and laboratory automation. AI systems already possess superhuman scientific powers. They can remember massive volumes of facts and learn from huge datasets. 17 These powers are highly praised even by human scientists.18 Robots can now carry out most of the laboratory tasks humans can. Then there’re AI Scientists: AI systems integrated with laboratory automations that are capable of carrying out the closed-loop (闭环) automation of scientific research. These systems automatically generate hypotheses (假设) to explain observations, design experiments to test these hypotheses, interpret the results and then repeat the cycle.Within the last year or so, the world has been astonished by the success of Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, which have achieved ground-breaking performance on a wide range of conversation- based tasks. 19 This is associated with their capacity to read all the scientific literature and act as a source of scientific knowledge.However, the application of AI to science has the potential for harm. As a step towards preventing this, some scientists have prepared the Stockholm Declaration on AI for Science.20 They urge all scientists working with AI to sign.A．They can carry out perfect logical reasoning.B．Today, laboratory automation is increasingly advancing.C．AI has the potential to transform the very process of thinking.D．These LLMs show great potential for super-charging AI Scientists.E．There’re now about 100 AI Scientists worldwide, working in various areas.F．However, it is deeply surprising how little appreciated this astonishing fact is.G．This commits the signees to the responsible and healthy development of AI for science.二、完形填空I carry the delayed dreams of my father firmly on my shoulders. People often looked 21 when they heard I 22 to be a lawyer, because that was my father’s dream when he was my age. They 23 me living my life for myself. What many people did not 24 was that there was no greater 25 for me than achieving what he had been unable to.About 17 years ago, I was born David Malakai Allen Ⅲ. I was named for my dad. This name, which now fills me with great pride and 26 , didn’t always do so. When I was younger, I often watched my father working at warehouses and driving trucks, which slowly 27 him down. I 28 to these with fear. I thought that giving me his name, my father had also handed me his 29 .One day in my freshman year of high school, my father told me that he knew from the moment when he 30 me for the first time that I was born to achieve something 31 . By naming me David Malakai Allen Ⅲ, he was 32 I was equipped with a resilient (不屈的) spirit.Now, with college enrollment (入学) only months away, I’m filled with pride 33 I’m the first person in my family who’ll graduate from college. When I was younger, the pressure of carrying my family’s legacy (遗赠) 34 felt tiring. As I’ve grown, I can 35 no greater blessing than achieving something those who came before me never thought possible for themselves.21．A．disappointed B．relieved C．surprised D．annoyed 22．A．desired B．happened C．failed D．refused 23．A．heard of B．insisted on C．objected to D．approved of 24．A．confirm B．doubt C．receive D．realize 25．A．strength B．energy C．honor D．method 26．A．motivation B．kindness C．trend D．space 27．A．turned B．wore C．calmed D．put 28．A．attended B．contributed C．reacted D．pointed29．A．rule B．future C．secret D．target 30．A．forgot B．saved C．approached D．held 31．A．similar B．relaxing C．great D．demanding 32．A．ensuring B．warning C．admitting D．debating 33．A．expecting B．knowing C．regretting D．stressing 34．A．eventually B．instantly C．formally D．really 35．A．imagine B．waste C．overlook D．research三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
2001-20010专四英语dictation原文
听力原文2004
Money (2004)
Money is accepted across the world as payment for goods or services. People use money to buy food, clothes and hundreds of other things. In the past, many different things were used as money. People on Pacific islands once exchanged shells for goods. The Chinese used cloth and knives. In Africa, elephant tusks or salt were used. Even today, some people in Africa are still paid in salt. Coins were first invented by the Chinese. Originally, they were round pieces of metal with a hole in the center, so that a piece of string could keep them together. This made doing business much easier, but people still found coins inconvenient to carry when they wanted to buy something expensive. To solve this problem, the Chinese again came up with the solution. They began to use paper money for coins. Now paper notes are used throughout the world.
stepbystep第三册答案
Unit 1 World News: International RelationsPart I Warming upATapescripts:1.The former American Defense Secretary William Perry hasrecommended a radical change of policy towards North Korea.2.Hundreds of thousands of mothers from across the United Statesgathered here in Washington Sunday to push for tougher gun control laws.3.There's been further fighting between Macedonian forces and EthnicAlbanian guerrillas inside the Macedonian border with Kosovo.4.A bomb dropped by the United State's navy aircraft during training inKuwait has hit a group of military observers, killing six of them.5.NATO is taking a number of steps to allay growing disquiet about thepossible health risks from ammunitions containing depleted uranium, which it used in Kosovo and Bosnia.BSummaryThis news report tells us that the United Nations Human Rights Commission was going to hold an emergency meeting to deal with the crisis situation between Israelis and Palestinians.Answers to the questions:1. 532. 483. 34. The United States5. Canada6. October 18th7. No more than three days8. To get the Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table9. 4 / Bosnian war / genocide in Rwanda / violence in East Timor Tapescript:Forty-eight of the ( United Nations Human Rights Commission's) 53 member nations voted to hold the emergency meeting. The United States cast the sole dissenting vote and Canada abstained. Three other countries did not vote.The special meeting will begin October 18th and will last for no more than three days.UN spokeswoman Marie Heuze says one purpose of the meeting is to try to learn how the cycle of violence between Israelis and Palestinians can be stopped."When you have such a high-profile for a crisis which is so dangerous, not only for the people in Palestine and in Israel, but in the region, there is a fear -- and this is probably why there was a large consensus on thismeeting to discuss the issue -- because the situation in this part of the world is so volatile, so dangerous, so important to control that everybody thinks that they have something to contribute."Ms Heuze says she thinks the United Nations and the international community as a whole can play a constructive role in the present situation and in trying to get the Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table. Officials from the UN Human Rights Commission will discuss the agenda toward the meeting on Wednesday.This is only the fifth time the commission has gone into emergency meeting to deal with a crisis situation. Previous sessions dealt with the Bosnian war, the genocide in Rwanda, and the violence in East Timor. Questions:1. How many members are there in the UN Human Rights Commission?2. How many of them voted to hold the emergency meeting?3. How many of them didn't vote?4. Which country cast the dissenting vote?5. Which country abstained?6. When will the meeting begin?7. How long will it last?8. What's the purpose of this meeting?9. How many emergency meetings have been held before this one?What were the three crisis situations that they dealt with?Unit 2 Earth and EnvironmentPart 1 Warming upB1. It attempts to balance environmental concerns and the needs of the community.2. Reptile species are in greater trouble than amphibian species.3. A new approach in the fight against the illegal drugs trade.4. One in every eight species of plants is threatened with extinction.5. A new local directory for the environmentally-aware, called the “Boulder County Green Pages”.Part II News ReportsA...Washingto n … the information economy … deteriorating health of the planet … information economy … communication … education andentertainment … physical exam … vital signs … species … climate … temperatures … water tables … glaciers … forests … fisheries … to stabilize both climate and world population growthUnit 3 World News: Economic DevelopmentsPart I Warming upA1. Who have been meeting in Hong Kong today to discuss the outlook for the global economy?Central Bank governors from more than a dozen countries.2. What does UNCTAD say about the worldwide total of foreign investment?It grew by 40% last Year to more than 600 billion dollars.3. Who has approved a cut in income tax rates?The United States House of Representatives.4. Who has announced job cuts after a fall in demand for its products? IntelWhat is its plan?To reduce its workforce by5,000.5. What decisions have been made by EU, the U.S. and Canada after a case of foot-and-mouth disease was confirmed in France?EU has imposed further restrictions on the movement of livestock.The U.S. and Canada have issued temporary bans on the import of animalproduce from EU.Tapescript:1. Central Bank governors from more than a dozen countries have been meeting in Hong Kong today. One subject they likely discussed is the outlook for the global economy because of the U. S. slowdown and Japan's struggling recovery. Another topic they may have discussed is how to strengthen financial markets in emerging economies in Asia and elsewhere.2. A United Nations' report says the worldwide total of foreign investment grew by nearly 40% last year to more than 600 billion dollars. The report by the UN Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD says most of it took place between developed countries as big companies took one another over.3. The United States House of Representatives has approved a cut in income tax rates, the first part of a package of tax cutting measures put forward by President Bush. The income tax reductions will amount to nearly 1 trillion dollars over ten years.4. The world's largest maker of computer chips, Intel, has announced job cuts after a fall in demand for its products. Intel said it expected its revenue in the first quarter of this year to fall by a quarter than the same period last year. The California-based company plans to reduce its85,000-strong work force by 5,000.5. The European Union has imposed further restrictions on the movement of live-stock after a case of foot-and-mouth disease was confirmed in France. The United States and Canada have issued temporary bans on the import of all animal produce from EU countries.Part II News reportsASummary:This news report is about Forbes's "Super 100 Global" list.Answer the questions:1. Which of the following corporations are the top five on Forbes's list? Mark their ranks.2 Citigroup4 HSBC Banking Company-- BP-Amoco5 Daimler-Chrysler1 General Electric Corporationn Microsoft3 Bank of America2. How are the companies ranked?The companies are ranked with a composite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of their stock.3. How are the 100 companies distributed?46 in the United States, 54 in Europe and Japan.4. Why were none of the Internet-related firms included in the list? Because most of the Internet-related firms have little or no profits so far. Tapescripts:For the second year in a row, the General Electric Corporation is ranked number one in an annual survey of the 100 most powerful corporations in the world.The survey, compiled and published by Forbes business magazine, shows General Electric of the United States ranked number one, followed in second and third place by the U.S. banking and financial services giants Citigroup and Bank of America. In fourth and fifth place are theBritish-based HSBC Banking Company and Daimler-Chrysler, the German-American auto-company. The companies are ranked with a composite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of its (their) stock. What the magazine calls its "Super 100 Global" list are 46 companies based in the United States and 54 in Europe and Japan.Mike Ozanian, the Forbes editor who compiled the list, says there is a growing trend of international mergers and acquisitions, citing companies such as Daimler-Chrysler and BP-Amoco, the Anglo-American Oil Company. Mr. Ozanian says that despite the huge capitalizations of manyInternet-related firms, none were included because most have little, if any, profits -- at least not yet.英语专业学生经典的听力材料Part IA11. A successful brain tissue transplant carried out by a South African surgeon.2. The discovery of a new way to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy.3. The possibility of a new way to treat glaucoma.4. A new research on writing which shows that writing can result in clinically meaningful outcomes.A new research on writing which shows that writing can help people with chronic illness improve their health.5. The theory and function of acupuncture.A21. A week ago / Parkinson’s disease.2. A natural defense mechanism3. The death of brain cells4. Meeting patients’ psychological needs produces physical health benefits.5. Side effects / cut back on medication.1. The world’s leading transplant surgeon, Dr Christo pher Bernard, has carried out one of the most difficult brain tissue transplants yet attempted. The South African surgeon has succeeded in transplanting tissues into the human brain in what is thought to be the first operation of its kind. The surgery was performed a week ago on a patient suffering from Parkinson’s disease. A portion of the patient’s adrenal gland was implanted into a part of the patient’s brain, an operation which has previously been performed only on rats and monkeys.2. Approximately a third of all people develop cancer at one point in their lives. Chemotherapy has its limitations, but it is one of the major treatment options. Some American scientists have discovered they can increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy by inhibiting a natural defense mechanism employed by cancer cells.3. Glaucoma is responsible for blindness in an estimated 67 million people around the world. Until now, treatments have focused exclusively on the eyes. But that may change in the next few year, following the discovery that glaucoma involves the death of brain cells.4. New research shows that the simple act of writing down thoughts about a stressful event can help people with chronic illnesses improve their health. This is the first study to show that writing can result inclinically meaningful outcomes for chronically-ill patients. The study adds to the growing amount of scientific literature suggesting that meeting patient’s psychological needs produces physical health benefits.5. Traditional Chinese medicine says that good health is associated with the balance of Qi. Qi can be hindered or helped by yang and yin. According to traditional theory, the goal of acupuncture is to promote the flow of qi by keeping yin and yang in balance ---- and this is done by inserting needles at various points along primary channels and meridians that crisscross the body. One of the key benefits of acupuncture is that it has few, if any, side-effects; and that when used with standard drug treatment --- in anesthesia, for example --- it allows physicians to cut back on medication, delivering the same level of benefit with fewer negative effects/Part IV1. NHS’(英国国民健康保险制度) greater focus on prevention1. a gimmick2. a: increased screening2. proper timetablee.g. heart disease, stroke, cancer 3. treatmentb: the most vulnerable4. private healthcarec: more widely available听力原文：It seems that politicians around the world are thinking about the health of their countries. While in China, Chen Zhu has announced his plans for a universal health service and reform across health services, Gordon Brown, the UK Prime Minister, ahs also announced he is planning to make some changes in our heath service.The crux of Mr. Brown’s propos als are related to giving the NHS （National Health Service）a greater focus on prevention, rather than just curing patients.He is planning to introduce increased screening for common diseases such as heart disease, strokes, and cancer, for example breast cancer. In Britain there are 200,000 deaths a year from heart attacks and strokes, many of which might have been avoided if the condition had been known about.Initially, the diagnostic tests will be available fro those who are most vulnerable, or most likely to have the disease, but later on the Prime Minister claims that they will be more widely available. One example is a plan to offer all men over 65 an ultrasound test to check for problems with the main artery, a condition which kills 3,000 men a year.The opposition have criticized Mr Brown’s proposals, saying that they are just a gimmick, and claiming that there is no proper timetable for thechanges. They also say that Mr. Brown is reducing the money available for the treatment of certain conditions while putting more money towards testing for them.The NHS was founded in 1948, and is paid for by taxation. The idea is that the rich pa more towards the health service than the poor. However in recent years there has been a great increase in the use of private healthcare.Many people who can afford it choose to pay for medical care, often because it can be quicker, although the doctors and hospitals are often the same!! NHS waiting lists for operations can be very long, so people can jump the queue by paying for their operation.英语专业学生经典的听力材料Unit 8 ArchitecturePart I Warming upB1.The Palais du Louvre:Location: heart of ParisBeginning year of construction: 1527Time when first used as a public art gallery: 1793The Louvre Pyramid:Designer: Ieoh Ming PeiUse: the main entrance to the Palais du LouvreHeight: 21mWidth: 33mMaterials: steel tubes, cables, sheet glassYear of completion: 1988Tapescript:The Palais du Louvre stands at the heart of Paris, and houses one of the world's greatest collections of works of art. The original palace dates from 1527, and it was extended and added to over the next four centuries. It was first used as a public art gallery in 1793. In 1981, theChinese-American architect Ieoh Ming Pei was commissioned to redevelop the public part of the Louvre and create more space for reception areas and services. He designed the famous Glass Pyramid, which serves as the main entrance to the building, leading underground to the museum and art gallery. The Pyramid is 21 meters high and 33 meters wide, and uses a combination of steel tubes, cables and sheet glass. It was completed in 1988, and quickly became a major tourist attraction in its own right.B21. She likes the Louvre Pyramid because of the transparency, and it has a light effect.2. She likes the Louvre Pyramid for its contrast of shapes. It emphasizesthe beauty of the Louvre.3. She thinks the right thing is to put something so contradictory to the Louvre. They stand in dialogue with each other and they don't try to complement each other.4. She thinks it would have been the biggest mistake to try to build something similar to the Louvre.Tapescript:I like the Louvre Pyramid because of its transparency, because you can just look through it, and it has a very light effect. It is not heavy and it is made of glass, and so it looks like a light object. And I like it for its contrast of shapes, because it is such a contrast to the Louvre building that in fact it doesn't interfere with the beauty of the Louvre, but it even, it emphasizes the beauty of the Louvre. And in the evening when this pyramid is lighted, it's just a source of light to put the Louvre into a new light. And this has for me also a symbolic meaning. And it is such an unexpected shape in this urban context, just to use a traditional shape of a pyramid built in new materials with new technologies, high-tech, and so on, that it is a completely surprising effect. So that people get shocked by it or they like it, but there is nobody who would be uninvolved or who could just pass and not notice this building. So it's something you have to look at. And I think this is also very important in building, and creating something in the cities, and exactly for example close to these historicalbuildings which are such a... they are so sensitive topics that nobody dares to touch them. I think the right thing is really to put something so contradictory to it that they stand in dialogue with each other and they don't even try to complement each other. Because it would have been the biggest mistake to try to build something similar to the Louvre, to put a building which would copy the Louvre, because it would just mean that we don't live in continuity, the architecture doesn't continue its history, but it would mean that architecture stands still on the level of the 17th century, and that would be a lie.Part II eco-conscious constructionAThe world’s first eco-city /off the coastAgricultural land /half a million /$1.3 billion /a sustainability consultantSustainable developmentA more ecologically friendly model /minimize impact on nature /solar and wind power /power and fertilizers /electric cars英语专业学生经典的听力材料Unit 11 TourismPart IA1. resort3. Golden Mile4. stag and hen partiesThe south coast 1. its pier with theaters / restaurants 2.shoppingSouthwest 1. scenery2.warmer climate2. British surfing1. Blackpool2. South CornwellTranscript:Most visitors to the UK come here expecting the rain and miserable weather for which the country is famous. However, when summer finally does arrive, the British people like nothing more than packing their trunks and swimming costumes and heading for the coast. The UK is, after all, an island, and with 12,400 km of coastline to explore. Any visitor to the UK will be spoilt for choice. Here are some of the more famous resorts that you could expect to visit on a rip to BritainBlackpool, in the northwest of England, is the most visited resort in the UK. Each year around 6.5 to 7 million people come to enjoy the mile of sandy beaches, the 158 m Blackpool Tower and the 11 km-long Golden Mile, where there are entertainments, pubs, ice rinks and even a zoo. A firm family favorite, it has also become a popular destination for stag and hen parties.At the other end of the country on the south coast you can find Brighton. Until 1786, Brighton was a sleepy village. Then the future King George IV decided to build a residence there, and over the years Brighton grew into the large, cosmopolitan center it is now.A part from the beaches, Brighton is famous for its pier. On the pier there are theaters, entertainments and restaurants. Brighton is also fantastic for shopping.If you fancy traveling a little further, why not go to Cornwell inn the far southwest the UK? South Cornwell offers miles of sandy beaches andbeautiful scenery. The climate here is warmer than the rest of Britain and you can even find plan trees.For a bit more excitement, go to North Cornwell. The scenery here is more dramatic, and the beaches are famous for their powerful waves. As a result, North Cornwell has become the home f British surfing.One word of warning though, if you are using the roads in the UK on bank holidays or during school holidays, you can expect long traffic jams on the motorways. It might be better to take the train.Part IIAExcessive visitors (averaged 50,000 during golden weeks)Cultural relics in the museumAn electronic ticket checking system1). Real time record of the number of visitors inside the museum2). Maximum reception capacityThe flow of touristsTranscript:Troubled by excessive visitors, the Palace Museum or Forbidden Cityin Beijing will adopt an electronic ticket checking system and make the control of the flow of tourists. The new system will keep a real time record of the number of visitors inside the museum, and inform the ticket office to hold ticket sales onc e the number exceeds the musuem’s maximum reception capacity. The Palace Museum, on of the most comprehensive Chinese museums, in terms of history and art, was established on the foundation of the palace that was the ritual center during two dynasties, the Ming and the Qing, and their collection of treasures. It has topped the must-see list of almost every visitor to the capital city. In recent years, the number of daily visitors to the Palace Museum averaged 50,000 during golden weeks, the week-long national holidays observed three times a year in China. Superfluous tourists have caused damage to cultural relics in the museum.。
中国的对外贸易外文翻译及原文
外文翻译原文Foreign T rade o f ChinaMaterial Source:W anfang Database Author:Hitomi Iizaka1.IntroductionOn December11,2001,China officially joined the World T rade Organization(WTO)and be c a me its143rd member.China’s presence in the worl d economy will continue to grow and deepen.The foreign trade sector plays an important andmultifaceted role in China’s economic development.At the same time, China’s expanded role in the world economy is beneficial t o all its trading partners. Regions that trade with China benefit from cheaper and mor e varieties of imported consumer goods,raw materials and intermediate products.China is also a large and growing export market.While the entry of any major trading nation in the global trading system can create a process of adjustment,the o u t c o me is fundamentally a win-win situation.In this p aper we would like t o provide a survey of the various institutions,laws and characteristics of China’s trade.Among some of the findings, we can highlight thefollowing:•In2001,total trade to gross domestic pr oduct(GDP)ratio in China is44%•In2001,47%of Chinese trade is processed trade1•In2001,51%of Chinese trade is conduct ed by foreign firms in China2•In2001,36%of Chinese exports originate from Gu an gdon g province•In2001,39%of China’s exports go through Hong Kong to be re-exported elsewhere2.Evolution of China’s Trade RegimeEqually remarkable are the changes in the commodity composition of China’s exports and imports.Table2a shows China’s annu al export volumes of primary goods and manufactured goods over time.In1980,primary goods accounted for 50.3%of China’s exports and manufactured goods accounted for49.7%.Although the share of primary good declines slightly during the first half of1980’s,it remains at50.6%in1985.Since then,exports of manufactured goods have grown at a muchfaster rate than exports of primary goods.As a result,the share of manufactur ed goods increased t o90.1%,and that of primary good decr eased to9.9%by2001.Also shown in those tables are five subgr oups for manufactur ed goods and primary goods.China’s export was highly dependent on its exports of coal, petroleum,and petr oleum products until mid-80s.The large export volume of petr oleum was also support ed by a sharp rise in oil prices during the period.In1985, the share of mineral fuels is26.1%.In1986,the su d d en decline in the share of primary goods in total exports occurs,which is largely associated with the decline in the export volume of mineral fuels.The price reforms coupled with the declined world petr oleum price areattributable t o the decline.Domestic agriculture production expanded during the1980’s in response to the higher prices thr ough the price reforms and mo r e opportunities given t o the producers to market their products.Although the share of food and live animals in total exports has declined over time,China has become a net exporter of such products since1984.T urning to the manufactur ed goods,the large increase in the share of the manufactur ed goods in the total exports since mid-80s is largely accounted for by the increase in the export in the textile category and the miscellaneous products category.These two gr oups include labor-intensive products such as textiles,apparel, footwear,and toys and sporting goods.During the1990s,the category that exhibited the mos t significant surge in exports is machinery and transport equipment.Its share exp anded from9.0%in1990t o35.7%in2001.3.China’s Processing Trade and Trade by For eign Invested FirmsChina established the legal framework for processing and assembly arrangements in1979.Since then,China has built up considerable strengths in assembling and processing of industrial parts and components.It covers a wide range of industries such as electric machinery,automobile,aerospace,and shipbuilding.T able3a and T able3b demonstrate the amount of processing exports and imports and the importance of stateowned enterprises(SOEs)and foreign-invested enterprises(FIEs)in such forms of trade for1995-2001. Throughout the period from1995to2001,the shares of these two types of processing exports exceed more than half of China’s total exports.In2001，processing exports account for55.4%of the total exports.As is seen in T able3a, process&assembling was dominat ed by SOEs in1995.However,the tr end has been changing.The share of SOEs in process&assembling has been steadilydeclining over the years from84%in1995to62%in2001.The other type of trade, process with imported materials was largely conducted by FIEs and their shares have been gradually increasing from81%in1995to88%in2001.In China’s imports(see T able3b),processing trade is relatively small comp a r ed to exports. After it peak ed at49%in1997,processed imports decline to39%in2001.The decreasing importance of SOEs can be seen in China’s imports as well.Shares by SOEs decr eased from81%in1995t o58%in2001for process&assembling,and from18%to7%for process with imported materials.The decr eased role for SOEs in processing trade may reflect the inefficiency in conducting their business.Since 1997,the Chinese government decided t o implement the shareholding system and t o sell a large numbe r of medium-and small-sized SOEs to the private sector.A n u mbe r of larger enterprise gr oups will be established in various industries thr ough mergers,acquisitions,and leasing and contracting.The restructuring of SOEs is intended to increase profits and to improve their competitive edge.4.China’s Tr ade by Provinces and RegionsA regional breakdown of exports and imports reveals important characteristics of the foreign trade in China.In1997,89.1%of the total exports came from the Eastern region of China(Beijing,Tianjin,Heibei,Lioaning,Guangxi,Shanghai, Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Fujian,Shangdong,Guandong and Hainan).Within the East,the Southeast region accounts for76.3%of China's exports in1997.4Gu ang dong alone pr oduces41.6%of the total exports for the sa me year.Such regional imbalances in exporting activities persist to the present day.In2001,Guandong's share of the national exports is36.0%.For the Southeast and the East,the shares are respectively 79.0%and91.1%.This imbalance of the regional growth in foreign trade may partially be attributed t o the various geographic-specific and sequential o pen-d oo r policies China has exercised thr oughout the last twenty years.The strong growth of th e export sector in the coastal area has been support ed by the massive use of foreign direct investment(FDI).FDI was first attracted by the creation of the Special Economic Zones(SEZ).FDI was concentrated in the provinces of the Southeast coast,namely,Guandong and Fujian.The multinational enterprises that are export-oriented or use adv anced technologies are able to enjoy various preferential policies in the SEZs,such as r educed or ex empt e d corporate income tax,exemption from import tariffs on imported equipment and raw materials.In1984,fourteen coastal cities were opened and were grant ed similar policies as SEZs.Out of thosefourteen cities,ten are located in the Southeast coast regions and four are in the rest of the Eastern regions.Furthermore in1985,similar preferential policies were grant ed t o other coastal economic regions,Pearl River Delta,Y angtze River Delta and Minnan Delta which is t o the south of Fujian.In1990,Pu d o n g in Shanghai was opened and was grant ed extensive preferential policies.Since1984,the Chinese government established thirty-two national-level Economic and T echnological Development Zones(ETDZs).The share of exports in The Y angtze River Delta,the home of Shanghai and two provinces,Jiangsu and Zhejiang has grown steadily during the period1997to 2001.The share of those three regions grew to10.1%,11.0%,and9.1%in2001 from8.1%,7.9%and5.9%in1997,respectively.As the role of high-tech industry beco mes mo r e significant in China’s output and China’s comparative advantage in skilled-labor and capital-intensive industries beco mes higher,the Y angtze River Delta be co mes a new magnet for investment by foreign enterprises.These foreign investments in turn lead to mo r e export and trade.5.Foreign T rade by Major World RegionsUsing China’s official statistics,Table4a and4b highlight merchandise export s and imports t o and from major world regions for1993-2001:Asia,Africa,Europe, Latin America,North America and Oceania.As we see from Table4a,China’s most important export region has always been Asia,which absorbs53%of China’s exports in2001.However,their share of absorption declines from almost62%,their peak level of1995.The importance of North America and Europe in China’s exports, however,has been increasing since1998.In2001,North America takes in mo r e than22%of exports and Europe takes in mo r e than18%.6.China’s Merchandise Exports and Imports by Major Trading PartnersTable5a and Table5b document China’s merchandise exports to and imports from its major trading partners,using China’s official statistics.According to Tabl e 5a,the major exports markets for China in2001are:the United States(20.4%), Hong Kong(17.5%),Japan(16.9%)and the European Union(15.4%).It is well-known that a large proportion of Chinese exports to Hong Kong are re-exported elsewhere so that the true size of the Hong Kong export market has t o be estimated. T o save space for this paper,we will just rely on the official Chinese figures.6Even without adjusting for re-exports,the United States in2001is the largest export market for China.Thus,from an international trade perspective alone,the most important bilateral trade relationship for China is the relationship with the UnitedStates.T ogether t he United States,Hong Kong,Japan and the European Union take in70.2%of China’s exports in2001.Within ASEAN(Association of Southeast Asian Nations),Singapore has been the largest export market for China.In2001, 31.5%of China’s total exports to ASEAN is destined for Singapore.Within the European Union(EU),Germany is the largest market with23.8%of the total Chinese exports going to the EU.9.ConclusionIn the future,we see that there are at least two challenges facing China in the area of international trade.First,with China’s competitiveness growing,many countries will perceive that their producers will no t be able to c o mpe t e with the Chinese exports,either in the third market or in their own domestic market.The backlash will take the form of an increased use of anti-dumping duties and safeguards.W e have already seen the use of such trade instruments against China from a variety of countries,including Japan,the European Union and the United States.A relatively new development is that even developing countries such as India and Mexico are using anti-dumping measur es against Chinese exports to their countries.The difficulty with anti-dumping duties is that they are generally WT O-consistent.Thus joining the WTO d o es no t mean that other countries will reduce their use of anti-dumping duties against China.A second challenge facing China is how t o manage its trade relationship with the United States.The United States is the largest economy on earth.The United States is China’s largest export market.It is also a critical source of technology.A stable and healthy relationship with the United States is important for China’s economic development.It is always a difficult adjustment process for countries to accept a newly e mer gen t economic power.The United States as well as other countries may perceive China as a potential economic threat.Judging from the experience of the relationship betw een the United States and a rising Japan in the 1970s and the1980s,it will n o t be too har d to imagine that there will be difficulties in the trade relationship betw een the United States and China.Managing and smoothing such a relationship should be an important goal for China.译文中国的对外贸易资料来源:万方数据库作者：Hitomi Iizaka1、简介2001年12月11日，中国正式加入世界贸易组织（WTO），成为其第143个成员，中国在世界经济中的作用将继续增强和深化。
2000-2001年英语历年考研真题阅读翻译
2001 Passage 1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word "amateur" does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrate d into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveal s not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represent ed worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of referee ing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, where as the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delay ed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckon ed as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.专业化可被视为针对科学知识不断膨胀这个问题所做出的反应。
英语翻译
6、中国的父母历来重视孩子的教育。他们认为，如果孩子做事时能得到大人适当的指导，就会更愿意完成复杂的工作，因此，“手把手教”被视为教育孩子的最佳方式。近年来，受西方教育观念的影响，中国的父母开始注重培养孩子的独立性和创造力。他们鼓励孩子参加兴趣班学习绘画或音乐，希望孩子通过不断的学习和探索而获得全面的发展。
7、最近的调查显示，中国手机网民的数量超过电脑网民，网民的手机上网率高达85.8％。手机已成为继电视、广播、报纸、杂志之后的第五大媒体。中国人通过手机上网，享受微博、微信、播客（podcast）等新媒体所带来的便利与好处。新媒体生动、实时、互动的特点吸引了大批的年轻人。微信朋友圈让人们能够经常与朋友互动交流，而播客则满足了人们表达自我、张扬个性的需要。
Qixi Festival celebrates the annual meeting of the Cowherd and the Weaving Maid on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month in China. The festival originates from a romantic love story. The Weaving Maid in the heaven and the Cowherd down on earth are attracted to each other and eventually get married. But later they are forced to break up. The two become the constellations Vega and the Altair, separated on either side of the Milky Way, and can only expect to meet each other once a year on Magpie Bridge. On that night, men and women that have affectionate feelings for each other will pray for a happy marriage. As the Qixi Festival is a traditional Chinese festival full of romance, it is also known as the “Chinese Valentine’s Day”.
kmeans文献
kmeans文献K-means是一种经典的聚类算法，它在数据挖掘和机器学习领域得到了广泛的应用。
本文将介绍一些与K-means相关的参考文献，包括原始的K-means算法以及各种改进和扩展的方法。
1. J. MacQueen. Some methods for classification and analysis of multivariate observations. In Proceedings of the fifth Berkeley symposium on mathematical statistics and probability, pages 281-297. University of California Press, 1967.这是K-means算法最早提出的文献之一，介绍了最基本的K-means算法原理和步骤。
2. A. K. Jain, M. N. Murty, and P. J. Flynn. Data clustering: a review. ACM Computing Surveys, 31(3):264-323, 1999.该论文总结了K-means以及其他常见的聚类算法，并详细介绍了K-means的优缺点、变体和应用领域。
3. D. Arthur and S. Vassilvitskii. k-means++: the advantages of careful seeding. In Proceedings of the eighteenth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms, pages 1027-1035. SIAM, 2007.这篇文章提出了K-means++算法，通过在初始聚类中心的选择上进行改进，使得算法收敛更快，且能够得到更好的聚类结果。
4. J. B. MacQueen. Some methods for classification and analysisof multivariate observations. In Proceedings of the fifth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, Volume 1:Statistics, pages 281–297, 1967.这篇文章是MacQueen首次提出K-means算法的论文，详细介绍了算法的原理和步骤，并给出了算法在图像处理和模式识别等领域的应用实例。
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试试题及答案解析(英语二)
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Here's a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today：you're the CEO of a small business,and though you're making a nice1,you need to find a way to take it to the next level.What you need to do is2growth by establishing a growth team.A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company,and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus3on finding ways to grow.Let's look at a real-world4.Prior to forming a growth team,the software company BitTorrent had50employees working in the5departments of engineering,marketing and product development.This brought them good results until2012,when their growth plateaued.The6was that too many customers were using the basic,free version of their product.And7improvements to the premium,paid version,few people were making the upgrade.Things changed,8,when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard,9a growth team and sparked the kind of10perspective they needed.By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view,it became clear that the11of upgrades wasn't due to a quality issue.Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.Armed with this12,the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently13the premium version to users of the free version14,upgrades skyrocketed,and revenue increased by92percent.But in order for your growth team to succeed,it needs to have a strong leader.It needs someone who can15the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will16the target area,set clear goals and establish a time frame for the17of these goals.The growth leader is also18for keeping the team focused on moving forward and steering them clear of distractions.19attractive new ideas can be distracting,the team leader must recognize when these ideas don't20the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1.[A]purchase[B]profit[C]connection[D]bet 2．[A]define[B]predict[C]prioritize[D]appreciate 3．[A]exclusively[B]temporarily[C]potentially[D]initially 4．[A]experiment[B]proposal[C]debate[D]example 5．[A]identical[B]marginal[C]provisional[D]traditional 6．[A]rumor[B]secret[C]myth[D]problem 7．[A]despite[B]unlike[C]through[D]besides 8．[A]moreover[B]however[C]therefore[D]again9．[A]inspected[B]created[C]expanded[D]reformed 10．[A]cultural[B]objective[C]fresh[D]personal 11．[A]end[B]burden[C]lack[D]decrease 12．[A]policy[B]suggestion[C]purpose[D]insight 13．[A]contributing[B]allocating[C]promoting[D]transferring 14．[A]As a result[B]At any rate[C]By the way[D]In a sense 15．[A]unite[B]finance[C]follow[D]choose 16．[A]share[B]identify[C]divide[D]broaden 17．[A]announcement[B]assessment[C]adjustment[D]accomplishment 18．[A]famous[B]responsible[C]available[D]respectable 19．[A]Before[B]Once[C]While[D]Unless 20．[A]serve[B]limit[C]summarize[D]alterSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B, C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1In the quest for the perfect lawn,homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut-and it is the environment that is paying the price.About eight million square metres of plastic grass is sold each year but opposition has now spread to the highest gardening circles.The Chelsea Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year's event,declaring it to be not part of its ethos.The Royal Horticultural Society(RHS),which runs the annual show in west London,says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.Ed Horne,of the RHS,said:“We launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic.We recommend using real grass because of its environmental benefits,which include supporting wildlife,alleviating flooding and cooling the environment.”The RH S's decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problems fake grass causes.A Twitter account,which claims to“cut through the green-wash”of artificial grass,already has more than20,000followers.It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions,one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an“ecological damage”tax on such lawns. They have gathered7,276and11,282signaturesHowever,supporters of fake grass point out that there is also an environmental impact with natural lawns,which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol.The industryalso points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water,weed killer or other treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more.The industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend an average of£500on trees or shrubs for their garden,which provides habitat for insects.In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns,which gathered30,000 signatures,the government responded that it has“no plans to ban the use of artificial grass.It added:"We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice rather than legislating on such matters,However the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage,while measures such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to consider sustainable alternatives.”21.The RHS thinks that plastic grass________.[A]is harmful to the environment[B]is a hot topic in gardening circles[C]is overpraised in the annual show[D]is ruining the view of west London22.The petitions mentioned in Paragraph3reveal the campaigners’________.[A]disappointment with the RHS[B]resistance to fake grass use[C]anger over the proposed tax[D]concern about real grass supply23.In Paragraph4,supporters of fake grass point out________.[A]the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass[B]the disadvantages of growing real grass[C]the way to take care of artificial lawns[D]the challenges of insect habitat protection24.What would the government do with regard to artificial grass?[A]Urge legislation to restrict its use.[B]Take measures to guarantee its quality.[C]Remind its users to obey existing rules[D]Replace it with sustainable alternatives.25.It can be learned from the text that fake grass______.[A]is being improved continuously[B]has seen a market share decline[C]is becoming increasingly affordable[D]has been a controversial productText2It's easy to dismiss as absurd the federal government's ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks.Can anyone really think it's a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park?But the government is right about one thing:U.S.national parks are in crisis.Collectively,they have a maintenance backlog of more than$12billion.Roads,trails,restrooms,visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be a cure-all.Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog,and businesses in the parks hand over,on average, only about5%of their revenues to the National Park Service.Moreover,increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why300 million visitors come to the parks each year:to enjoy nature and get a break from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding.An economic survey of700U.S.taxpayers found that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact.Some81%of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next10years to avoid any cuts to the national parks.The national parks provide great value to U.S.residents both as places to escape and as symbols of nature.On top of this,they produce value from their extensive educational programs,their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration,their contribution to our cultural and artistic life, and of course through tourism.The parks also help keep America's past alive,working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites and to bring the stories of these places to life.The parks do all this on a shoestring.Congress allocates only＄3billion a year to the national park system-an amount that has been flat since2001(in inflation-adjusted dollars)with the exception of a onetime boost in2009.Meanwhile,the number of annual visitors has increased by more than50% since1980,and now stands a t330million visitors per year.26.what problem are U.S.national parks faced with?[A]Decline of business profits[B]Inadequate commercialization[C]Lack of transportation services[D]poorly maintained infrastructure27.Increased privatization of the campgrounds may________.[A]spoil visitor experience[B]help preserve nature[C]bring operational pressure[D]boost visits to parks28.According to paragraph5most respondents in the survey would________.[A]go to the national parks on a regular basis[B]advocate a bigger budget for the national parks[C]agree to pay extra for the national parks[D]support the national parks'receive reforms29.The National Parks are valuable in that they____.A.lead the way in tourismB.have historical significanceC.sponsor research on climateD.provide an income for the locals30.It can be concluded from the text that national park system____A.is able to cope with staff shortageB.is able to meet visitor demandsC.is in need of new pricing policyD.is in need of funding increaseText3The Internet may be changing merely what we remember,not our capacity to do so,suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow.In2011,Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record40factoids in a computer(“an ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain,”for example).Half of the participants were told the information would be erased,while the other half were told it would be saved.Guess what?The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later,because they knew they could find it on their computers.In the same study,a group was asked to remember both the information and the folders it was stored in.They didn't remember the information,but they remembered how to find the folders.In other words,human memory is not deteriorating but“adopting to new communications technology,”Sparrow says.In a very practical way,the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories,a process known as“cognitive offloading.”Traditionally,this role was fulfilled by data banks,libraries, and other humans.Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does,for instance. Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society,but Sparrow sees an upside.Perhaps,she suggests,the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking something that is not available on the Internet.“I personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things,”Sparrow says,adding that we haven’t lost our ability to do it.Still other experts say it’s too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains.There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus,for instance,wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel.J.Simons.And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer-savvy older adults in a2008study involving24participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California,Los Angeles.“There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet,but I’d have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs,”observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm.“It seems pretty clear that memory is changing,but is it changing for the better?At this point,we don't know.”31.Sparrow’s study shows that with the Internet,the human brain will________.[A]analyze information in detail[B]collect information efficiently[C]switch its focus of memory[D]extend its memory duration32.The process of“cognitive offloading”________.[A]helps us identify false information[B]keeps our memory from failing[C]Enables us to classify trivial facts[D]lessens our memory burdens33.Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?[A]It may reform our learning approach[B]It may impact our society negatively[C]It may enhance our adaptability to technology[D]It may interfere with our conceptual thinking34.It is indicated in Paragraph3that how the Internet affects our brains________.[A]requires further academic research[B]is most studied in older adults[C]is reflected in our reading speed[D]depends on our web-surfing habits35.Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that________.[A]our reliance on the Internet will be costly[B]the Internet is weakening our memory[C]memory exercise is a must for our brains[D]our ability to focus declines with ageText4Teenagers are paradoxical.That’s a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stronger language.But the paradox is scientific as well as personal.In adolescence,helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other.At the same time, once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers.A new study published in the journal Child Development,by Eveline Crone of the University of London and colleagues,suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hand. The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence.For a long time,scientists and policy makers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem that needed to be solved.The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.The researchers studied“prosocial”and rebellious traits in more than200children and young adults,ranging from11to28years old.The participants filled out questionnaires about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive,like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend,or rebellious and negative,like getting drunk or staying out late.Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increases as you become a teenager and then fades away as you grow older.But the new study shows that,interestingly,the same pattern holds for prosocial behavior.Teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to report that they did things like unselfishly help a friend.Most significantly,there was a positive correlation between prosociality and rebelliousness.The teenagers who were more rebellious were also more likely to help others.The good and bad sides of adolescence seem to develop together.Is there some common factor that underlies these apparently contradictory developments?One idea is that teenage behavior is related to what researchers call“reward sensitivity.”Decision-making always involves balancing rewards and risks,benefits and costs.“Reward sensitivity”measures how much reward it takes to outweigh risk.Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards—winning the game,impressing a new friend,getting that boy to notice you.Reward sensitivity,like prosocial behavior and risk-taking, seems to go up in adolescence and then down again as we age.Somehow,when you hit30,the chance that something exciting and new will happen at that party just doesn’t seem to outweigh the effort ofgetting up off the couch.36.According to Paragraph1,children growing into adolescence tend to________.[A]develop opposite personality traits[B]see the word in an unreasonable way[C]have fond memories of their past[D]show affection for their parents37.It can be learned from Paragraph2that Crone's study________.[A]explores teenagers'social responsibilities[B]examines teenagers'emotional problems[C]provides a new insight into adolescence[D]highlights negative adolescent behavior38.What does Crone's study find about prosocial behavior?[A]It results from the wish to cooperate[B]It is cultivated through education[C]It is subject to family influence[D]It tends to peak in adolescence39.It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that teenagers________.[A]overstress their influence on others[B]care a lot about social recognition[C]become anxious about their future[D]endeavor to live a joyful life40.What is the text mainly about?[A]Why teenagers are self-contradictory.[B]Why teenagers are risk-sensitive.[C]How teenagers develop prosociality.[D]How teenagers become independent.Part BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Net-zero rules set to send cost of new homes and extensions soaring New building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are set to increase the price of new homes,as well as those of extensions and loft conversions on existing ones.The rules,which came into effect on Wednesday in England,are part of government plans to reduce the UK's carbon emissions to net zero by2050.They set new standards for ventilation,energy efficiency and heating,and state that new residential buildings must have charging points for electric vehicles.The moves are the most significant change to building regulations in years,and industry experts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices at a time when a shortage of materials and high labour costs are already driving up bills.Brian Berry,chief executive of the Federation of Master Builders,says the measures will require new materials,testing methods,products and systems to be installed.“All this comes at an increased cost during a time when prices are already sky high.Inevitably,consumers will have to pay more,"he says.Gareth Belsham,of surveyors Naismiths,says people who are upgrading,or extending their home,will be directly affected.“The biggest changes relate to heating and insulation,”he explains.“There are new rules concerning the amount of glazing used in extensions,and any new windows or doors must be highly insulated.”Windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards,while there are new limits on the amount of glazing you can have to reduce unwanted heat from the sun.Thomas Goodman,of MyJobQuote,says this will bring in new restrictions for extensions.“Glazing on windows,doors and rooflights must cover no more than25%of the floor area to prevent heat loss,"he says.As the rules came into effect last Wednesday,property developers were rushing to file plans just before the deadline.Any plans submitted before that date are considered to be under the previous rules, and can go ahead as long as work starts before15June next year.Builders which have costed projects,but have not filed the paperwork,may need to go back and submit fresh estimates,says Marcus Jefford of Build Aviator.Materials prices are already up25%in the last two years.How much overall prices will increase as a result of the rule changes is not clear."Whilst admirable in their intentions,they will add to the cost of housebuilding at a time when many already feel that they are priced out of homeownership," says Jonathan Rolande of the National Association of Property Buyers.“An average extension will probably see around£3,000additional cost thanks to the new regs."John Kelly,a construction lawyer at Freeths law firm,believes prices will eventually come down.But not in the immediate future."As the marketplace adapts to the new requirements,and the technologies that support them,the scaling up of these technologies will eventually bring costs down, but in the short term,we will all have to pay the price of the necessary transition.”he says.However,the long-term effects of the changes will be more comfortable and energy-efficient homes,adds Andrew Mellor,of PRP architects.“Homeowners will probably recoup that cost over time in energy bill savings.It will obviously be very volatile at the moment,but they will have that benefit over time.”A.The rise of home prices is a temporary matter.41.Brian Berry B.Builders possibly need to submit new estimates of their projects.42.Gareth Belsham C.There will be specific limits on home extensions to prevent heatloss.43.Marcus Jefford D.The new rules will take home prices to an even higher level.44.John Kelly E.Many people feel that home prices are already beyond what theycan afford.45.Andrew Mellor F.The new rules will affect people whose home extensions includenew windows or doors.G.The rule changes will benefit homeowners eventually.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)In the late18th century,William Wordsworth became famous for his poems about nature.And he was one of the founders of a movement called Romanticism,which celebrated the wonders of the natural world.Poetry is powerful.Its energy and rhythm can capture a reader,transport them to another world and make them see things differently.Through carefully selected words and phrases,poems can be dramatic,funny,beautiful,moving and inspiring.No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years,even before people could write.It was a way to tell stories and pass down history.It is closely related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud.Poems really come to life when they are recited.This can also help with understanding them too,because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions：An art exhibition and a robot show are to be held on Sunday and your friend David asks you which one he should go to.Write him an email to1)make a suggestion,and2)give your reason(s)Write your answer in about100words on the ANSWER SHEETDo not use your own name in your email,use“Li Ming”instead.(10points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)describe and interpret the chart and2)give your comments.Write your answer in about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)health literacy健康素养2011-2021我国居民健康素养水平2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题参考答案与解析Section I Use of English1.B【考点】上下文和词汇识别【解析】根据上下文语意，make a nice profit在这里表示“做的很好”，其他三个选项purchase“购买”，connection“联系”，bet“打赌”,不符合上下文语意。
2001年AMC8试题
Presented by the Akamai Foundation
Mathematical Association of America
17th Annual
(American Mathematics Contest 8) Tuesday, NOVEMBER 13, 2001
17th AMC 8 2001
3
KITES ON PARADE
Problems 7, 8 and 9 are about these kites. To promote her school’s annual Kite Olympics, Genevieve makes a small kite and a large kite for a bulletin board display. The kites look like the one in the diagram. For her small kite Genevieve draws the kite on a one-inch grid. For the large kite she triples both the height and width of the entire grid. 7. What is the number of square inches in the area of the small kite? (A) 21 (B) 22 (C) 23 (D) 24 (E) 25
10. A collector offers to buy state quarters for 2000% of their face value. At that rate how much will Bryden get for his four state quarters? (A) $20 (B) $50 (C) $200 (D) $500 (E) $2000
超实用高考英语复习：专题04 语法填空(第02期)——浙江高考英语模拟试题分项汇编(学生版)
专题04 语法填空（第02期）浙江高考英语模拟试题分项汇编距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
【2023届浙江省金华十校高三上学期11月模拟】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Lake Powell, the second largest human-made reservoir (水库) in the US, has lost nearly 7% of its potential storage capacity since it ___36___ (build) in 1963.In addition to water ___37___ (lose) due to years of drought, the US Geological Survey found, Lake Powell___38___ (face) an average annual loss in storage capacity of about 33,270 acre-feet per year between 1963 and 2018. That’s eno ugh water ___39___ (fill) the Reflecting Pool on the National Mall about 1,600 times.The capacity of the reservoir is becoming smaller because of sediments (沉淀物) ___40___ (flow) in from the Colorado and San Juan rivers. Those sediments settle at the bottom of the reservoir ___41___ decrease the total amount of water that the reservoir can hold. It’s bad news for a region ___42___ has already faced water shortages and extreme wildfires due to the drought.Lake Powell is ___43___ important reservoir in the Colorado River Basin. Both Lake Powell and nearby Lake Mead, the nation’s largest reservoir, are drying up ___44___ an alarming rate. In August, the government declared a water shortage on the Colorado River for the first time a fter Lake Mead’s water level decreased to a record low,leading to cuts in water consumption for the ___45___ (state) in the Southwest that began in January.【2023届浙江省宁波市高三上学期高考与选考模拟】阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
英语3000 step by step Part2 以及多维教程熟谙课后翻译
UNIT1Part II News reportsSummary:This news report tells us that the United Nations General Assembly has elected Columbia, Ireland, Mauritius, Norway and Singapore as its new non-permanent members of the Security Council.Statements:1. Columbia, Ireland, and Singapore won their seats as nonpermanent members of the Security Council on the first round of balloting while Mauritius and Norway won their seats on the fourth ballot.2. Sudan and Mauritius are two candidates for the second seat for the African and Asian group.3. There were three countries contending for the two seats allotted to the western industrialized group of nations.4. The Security Council is made up of 15 members, including five permanent members -- China, France, Great Britain, Russia, and the United States--and 10 non-permanent members.Tapescript:The United Nations General Assembly has elected' Columbia, Ireland, Mauritius, Norway and Singapore as the new non-permanent members of the Security Council. The vote follows several weeks of haggling and maneuvering.Columbia, Ireland, and Singapore won the required two thirds majority on the first round of balloting. But it took another three rounds of voting to decide on the remaining two regional seats.Contention marked the voting for the second seat for the African and Asian group. The United States lobbied intensely against Sudan, the candidate of the Organization of African Unity. Mauritius, the candidate supported by Washington, won on the fourth round of voting.Ireland easily captured one of the two seats allotted to the western industrialized group of nations on the first ballot. But Norway and Italy campaigned vigorously for the second spot. King Harald of Norway came to New York last week to press the case for his nation's representation on the Security Council for the first time since 1982. Norway also won on the fourth ballot. The new members begin their two-year terms in January. The Security Council is made up of a total of 15 members, including five permanent members -- China, France, Great Britain, Russia, and the United States -- and 10 non-permanent members. Five non-permanent members are elected to two-year terms each year.B SummaryThis news report tells us that the United Nations Human Rights Commission was going to hold an emergency meeting to deal with the crisis situation between Israelis and Palestinians.Answers to the questions:1. 532.483.34. The United States5.Canada6.October 18th7.No more than three days8. To get the Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table9. 4 / Bosnian war / genocide in Rwanda / violence in East TimorForty-eight of the ( United Nations Human Rights Commission's) 53 member nations voted to hold the emergency meeting. The United States cast the sole dissenting vote and Canada abstained. Three other countries did not vote.The special meeting will begin October 18th and will last for no more than three days.UN spokeswoman Marie Heuze says one purpose of the meeting is to try to learn how the cycle of violence between Israelis and Palestinians can be stopped."When you have such a high-profile for a crisis which is so dangerous, not only for the people in Palestine and in Israel, but in the region, there is a fear -- and this is probably why there was a large consensus on this meeting to discuss the issue -- because the situation in this part of the world is so volatile, so dangerous, so important to control that everybody thinks that they have something to contribute."MsHeuze says she thinks the United Nations and the international community as a whole can play a constructive role in the present situation and in trying to get the Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table. Officials from the UN Human Rights Commission will discuss the agenda toward the meeting on Wednesday.This is only the fifth time the commission has gone into emergency meeting to deal with a crisis situation. Previous sessions dealt with the Bosnian war, the genocide in Rwanda, and the violence in East Timor.Questions:1. How many members are there in the UN Human Rights Commission?2. How many of them voted to hold the emergency meeting?3. How many of them didn't vote?4. Which country cast the dissenting vote?5. Which country abstained?6. When will the meeting begin?7. How long will it last? 8. What's the purpose of this meeting?9. How many emergency meetings have been held before this one?What were the three crisis situations that they dealt with?UNIT2Part II News ReportsA ...Washington … the information economy … deteriorating health of the planet … information economy … communication … education and entertainment … physical exam … vital signs … species … climate … temperatures … water tables … glaciers … forests … fisheries … to stabilize both climate and world population growthB Summary… the severe shortage of water in some developing nations. … global solutions are found soon.Answers to the questions1.1502. Monday3. Almost one billion people couldsuffer from a scarcity of water.4. Middle East, parts of Africa, western Asia, Northeastern China, western and southern India, large parts of Pakistan and Mexico, parts of the Pacific coast of the United States and South America.5.To treat water as a precious resource.6. 5 liters7. 50liters 8. 500 litersUNIT3Part II News reportsA Summary:This news report is about Forbes's "Super 100 Global" list.Answer the questions:1. Which of the following corporations are the top five on Forbes's list? Mark their ranks.2 Citigroup 4 HSBC Banking Company -- BP-Amoco5 Daimler-Chrysler 1 General Electric Corporation Microsoft 3 Bank of America2. How are the companies ranked?The companies are ranked with a composite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of their stock.3. How are the 100 companies distributed?46 in the United States, 54 in Europe and Japan.4. Why were none of the Internet-related firms included in the list? Because most of the Internet-related firms have little or no profits so far. Tapescripts:For the second year in a row, the General Electric Corporation is ranked number one in an annual survey of the 100 most powerful corporations in the world. The survey, compiled and published by Forbes business magazine, shows General Electric of the United States ranked number one, followed in second and third place by the U.S. banking and financial services giants Citigroup and Bank of America. In fourth and fifth place are the British-based HSBC Banking Company and Daimler-Chrysler, the German-American auto-company. The companies are ranked with a composite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of its (their) stock. What the magazine calls its "Super 100 Global" list are 46 companies based in the United States and 54 in Europe and Japan. Mike Ozanian, the Forbes editor who compiled the list, says there is a growing trend of international mergers and acquisitions, citing companies such as Daimler-Chrysler and BP-Amoco, the Anglo-American Oil Company. Mr. Ozanian says that despite the huge capitalizations of many Internet-related firms, none were included because most have little, if any, profits -- at least not yet.B Summary:This news report gives us a general picture of the U.S. stock market. It also presents some analysts' views on the market.Statements:1. The Dow Jones Industrial Average went up less than one percent, to 10,546.2. An analyst said that sales growth at Intel could be stronger than expected.3. Retail stocks gained on stronger-than-expected sales because of the Thanksgiving holiday shopping season.4. Sales of existing homes fell a steep 3.9% in October, their second monthly decline.5. According to investment strategist Alan Skrainka, this is a very good entry point for a long-term investor to get into the market.Tapescript:U.S. stock prices were mixed on Monday, with the "blue-chips" in a rally mode. But volume was only moderate after a holiday-shortened week last week, showing lingering uncertainty among investors.The Dow Jones Industrial Average went up 75 points, less than one percent, to 10,546. The S & P 500 Index gained 7 points. But the NASDAQ Composite backed off an early rally, taking a loss of almost one percent on weakness in selected technology stocks.The Dow Industrials actually got a boost from their technology components.Shares of Intel traded higher after an analyst said sales growth at the leading computer chip-maker could be stronger than expected. Microsoft stock also edged higher.Retail stocks gained on stronger-than-expected sales over the Thanksgiving weekend, as the holiday shopping season got underway. However, analysts caution the retail picture is still clouded because many stores offered bargains to attract shoppers. Experts worry that higher oil prices and interest rates will make this a less than merry Christmas season for U.S. merchants.The latest on the U.S. economy points to slower growth. Sales of existing homes fell a steep 3.9 percent in October, their second monthly decline. Many analysts think uncertainty over the economy makes it increasingly likely that the major stock averages will close lower for the year. But investment strategist Alan Skrainka says the longer-term looks better. "No one can guess what will happen to the market over the next month. But over the long-term, we think the market looks very good. If you're a long-term investor, this is a very good entry point for getting into the market because this is what you've been waiting for. All the fear and uncertainty in the marketplace is setting us up for some very good values in the market."UNIT4Part II News reportsASummary :… the smallest a nd most earth-like extra solar planet.Answers to questions:1.About a dozen.2. Five times the mass of the earth.3. A reddwarf.4.Two.5. One is similar to Neptune and the other is 8 timesthe mass of the earth.BEvent : NASA’s 12-year program of Mars • Starting time: 1996• Finishing time: 2008 First installment:• Names of spacecrafts: the Mars Global Surveyor Orbiter / the Pathfinder Lander• Arrival time: 1997 • Mission: To collect and analyze rocksSecond installment:• Names of spacecr afts: the Polar Lander / the Mars Climate Orbiter• Launch time:December • Arrival time: Next DecemberMission:a.To inspect for subsurface waterb.To measure the distribution of water vapor, dust andcondensatesGrand finale: • Launch time: 2005 • Return time: 2008• Mission: To return soil and rock samples to Earth.UNIT5Part II（答案见听力原文中的红色部分）In North Beach in San Francisco, where some pretty super food gets served every night.“Absolutely very super food!” “and I really like the taste of it”But we’re not just talking about taste. Research now shows that some foods, including tomatoes, onions, garlic, and olive oil ---- are among the super foods. Super foods are packed with powerful chemicals that mayoffer your body great protection against chronic disease“Including cancer, obesity, heart disease. Vibrantly colored red, yellow, orange and green all giving you different types of phytochemicals.”Natalie Ledsma is a registered dietician at U. C. S. F. she says compounds found in super foods --- called phytochemicals ---- can reduce the risk of cancer, boost the immune system, and protect the heart. She showed us what everyone should try to eat each week for optimal health.One her shoppinglist? Herbs!“Dark green ones (herbs), like rosema ry and thyme, and any intensly colored spice, like turmeric or red pepper.”“Both of those have anti-inflammatory properties.”Turmeric many reduce the risk of leukemia, skin, and liver cancers. Hot peppers may reduce the risk of colon, stomach, and rectal cancers. Also on the list: green veggies. But not just nay green veggy.“Brussels sprouts are part of the cruciferous vegetable family that has significant anti-cancer properties, and that family also has a very favorable effect on hormone metabolis m.”Other cruciferous veggies include cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower. And don’t forget the tomato.“it is probably the best source of lycopene, which is one of the phytochemicals that has shown significant anticancer properties, especially with pr ostate and potentially lung and breast cancer as well.”As for fruit, citrus contains Vitamins C, limonoids, and phenols, which inactivate cancer cells and strengthen the immune system. Cantaloupes, mangos and carrots contain cancer-fighting carotenoids. And berries are bursting with flavonoids and ellagic acid ---- antioxidants that protect against cancer, ulcers, and viruses. Natalie recommends organic.“Organic fruits and vegetables have shown not only to have lower pesticide toxicities and lower pesticide levels, but also now have been shown to have higher phytochemical content.”Don’t forget the fatty fish or flaxseed ---- both are excellent source of Omega 3 fatty acids that inhibit the growth of cancer cells and boost the immune system, olive oil, which may reduce breast, prostate, or colon cancer, and soy.“soy has protective effects for heart disease as well as osteoporosis, potentially.”And finally onions, garlic, and shallots. They may protect the heart fight cancer, and help with asthma.BI.Harvard Medical SchoolII.Borderline high blood pressureIII.10 /7IV.Cardiovascular / by a quarterChances of dying from cardiovascular disease falling by 5/1V.A: no more than 3 gramsB: fast foodC: labelsD: fresh fruit and vegetables听力原文：Salt is crucial to our health, but too much of it can put human at risk from high blood pressure, heart disease and stroke. Many reports, researchers at Harvard Medical School say the significant reduction in salt intake can cut the chances of heart disease and strokes by a quarter. Here isour health correspondent, Adam Brimelow.It’s long been known that cutting salt can reduce blood pressure. But there has been much less evidence of what it means for cardiovascular disease, including heart attacks and strokes. The Harvard team followed up people with borderline high blood pressure, who had taken in part in two salt reduction studies, typically cutting intake from 10 to 7 grams a day. The risk of developing cardiovascular disease over the next decade or so was cut by a quarter compared with those who did not reduce their salt intake. And their chances of dying from cardiovascular disease fell by 5/1. In developed countries such as the United States and the UK, the average adult daily salt intake is about 10 grams. Much of this is already in the food that people buy, including processed foods and bread. Many experts say no one should have more than 3 grams. They say the best way to cut salt, is to get away from fast food, check labels and have plenty of fresh fruit and vegetable. Adam Brimelow reporting.UNIT6Part IIA:1.identify, Catalog, map and analyze / 100,0002.A: a piece of DNA, the basic Molecule of lifeB: on chromosomes in every cellsC: produce chemical instructions the cell needs in order to build and run the human body.III: SignificanceA: cure or prevent B: desirable genetic traitsC: the brain, consciousness and the mind D: a scientific description IV controversy Abuse 2.warfare听力原文：The goal of the human genome project initiated in the early 1990s is to identify, catalog, map and analyze every one of the estimated 100,000 genes in the human body. If the multi-billion-dollar project is successful, its effects may be as fundamental to the human future as the discovery of fire and seed agriculture once were.To understand the significance of the human genome project, it is necessary to know that each gene is a piece of DNA, the basic molecule of life. Genes are located on chromosomes that in turn reside in every cell in arrangements similar to the alternately colored rungs on a ladder. The sequence of genetic rungs produces the chemical instructions the cells need in order to build and run the human body. By identifying the location and makeup of each gene, the genome project should help scientists cure orUNIT7Part II New Ways to communicateA11.When a friend is online2. 1.6milion3.3,0004.you can only contact someone (on the same network asyou. )using the same programugh out loud.A2Online / popular / take off / signing up / by / make upObvious / one very important disadvantage / bright / voice converstation / swap / funnyWhen you meet someone for the first time，do you ask their ASL? Do you LOL if they come out with something funny, and say CU L8er when you finish the conversation? If you know what I’m talking about, then you are probably already a user of instant messaging, or IM.The idea behind IM is simple. A program on your computer tells you when a friend is online. You can then send a message to your friend, who can type a reply instantly. To do this, you need an IM program. Worldwide, AIM, the instant messaging service provided by AOL, is by far the most popular. It has 195 million users who send about 1.6 billion messages every day. ICQ, which is owned by AOL, has about 140 million messengers, and MSN and Windows IM make up about 75 million users. The advantage over e-mail is that with instant messaging you know you’re likely to get a reply. IM is already hugely popular in the USA, where people spend five times more time online than in Europe. However, IM is starting to take off in the UK, with over 3,000 people signing up to MSN Messenger alone every day. While the plus points of IM are obvious, there is one very important disadvantage: you can only contact someone on the same network as you. If your friend is using AIM, and you are using MSN, you cannot talk to each other. This makes IM less useful than it should be. Imagine if you couldn’t send an e-mail form hotmail to yahoo. However, things look like they’ll change soon. In general, the future looks bright for IM. Lots of programs also allow you to have voice conversations, video conferencing ---- this means you can see the other person using a webcam ---- and also let you swap pictures, music and other files.So, perhaps we’ll all soon be asking someone’s age, sex and location (ASL), and laughing out loud (LOL) when they say something funny. See you later (CU L8er).B: How do you meet new people, make new friends, or find out about the latest bands? Here in the UK young people have traditionally done their socializing in bars, pubs and clubs.However there is a new generation growing up that finds it easier to manage their social lives on the net, using free websites like MySpace, Bebo or MSN Spaces.Welcome to the social networking website ---- a place where you can present yourself to the digital community and meet other like-minded people.The most successful social networking website in the UK is MySpac . as of July 2006, MySpace is the world’s fourth most popular English-language website, attracting almost 3 million visitors per month. Myspace claims to have 95 million members with 500,000 new members joining the community each week.So how has it become to successful? Perhaps its secret is in its simplicity. Each new member can build their own page simply --- uploading photos, videos and MP3 files. Then they describe themselves, listing their likes, dislikes, favorite bands, relatio nship status, etc. it’s an easy way to hook up with people who share your interest.Briana Dougherty, a 25-year-old MySpace devotee, told us, “It’s a casual way to stay in contact without appearing weird. ” it seems that many people do not feel comfortable giving out their phone number or personal e-mail address to new acquaintances but are perfectly happy to trade MySpace profilesWhile socializing is the key to MySpace’s success, love of music is at the heart of the community. Indeed, most aspiring musicians in the UK upload their songs to the site, and with good reason: unsigned artists, Arctic Monkeys and Lilly Allen created such a buzz on the site that they were offered recording contracts and scored number one hits.Social network sites could be a great place to practice your English. Why not give it a try? You can tell us about your experience by filing in the new comments form at the top of the screen.Statements:1.Most young people in the UK make new friends at work.2.Yahoo and Google are social networking sites.3.MySpace is one of the top five English-language website.4.New brands put their music on the web for people to listen to.ers of social networks usually pay for the service.UNIT8Part II eco-conscious constructionA The world’s first eco-city / off the coast Agricultural land / half a million / $1.3 billion / a sustainability consultant Sustainable developmentA more ecologically friendly model / minimize impact on nature /solar and wind power / power and fertilizers / electric carsB1.1. a dream-house which is sustainable by the environment ----- an environmentally-sustainable dream-house2. windows that face south -- south-facing windows3. a kitchen that is well lit -- a well-lit kitchen4. paint that is based on milk or uses milk as a base ---- milk-based paint5. solutions which are beneficial to the environment -- environmentally-beneficial solutionsTapescript.1. Architect Jim Logan is building his environmentally-sustainable dream-house at the site of a former commune a few miles north of Boulder.2. As you drive onto the small farm property, you're immediately struck bya series of large south-facing windows.3. Walk through the well-lit kitchen, and you'll see that even the north side of the building has a passive solar component.4. In all facets of construction, Logan is emphasizing both biodegradable building products and nontoxic materials. He's using milk-based paint, for example.5. In many cases, many environmentally-beneficial solutions pay for themselves in as little as 6 or 7 or 8 months.Tapescript.1. Logan has incorporated nearly every aspect of a modern eco-conscious design.2. Every room in this house has a window that faces south, regardless of where it's located.3. All the rooms in the house have both day-lighting, which means that there's ample light coming in high into the room so that we don't need to use electric lights during the day.4. As a result, Logan's house will have neither a furnace nor air-conditioning.5. The so-called super-insulation is required to store the solar heat.6. Logan is also using thermal mass, or dirt, to keep the house both warm in the winter and cool in the summer.7. He's using milk-based paint, for example, and relatively little of that.8. This room and the inside of this room -- virtually all the finishes did not need to be painted.9. Painting is a fairly un-environmental act in that it is something that involves chemistry.10. Initially, Logan will get all his water from a well.11. The roof has gutters and will eventually collect rainwater for general use.B3. Main features:south-facing windows: day-lighting, solar heat no furnaceno air-conditioning solar heater: hot waterthree-foot outside walls: adobe + insulation + adobe thermal mass milk-based paintceiling: galvanized inside wall: plaster no carpetnot connected to a water system: well, rainwaterTapescript:A--Alan J--Jones L--LoganA: Many environmentalists and energy experts say that the wave of the future won't be any one miracle cure, but rather overall conservation of available resources. The approach is being spearheaded by a quiet revolution in the eco-conscious construction business. Colorado Public Radio's Peter Jones recently visited a building site near Boulder and brings us this report.J: Architect Jim Logan is building his environmentally sustainable dream-house at the site of a former commune a few miles north of Boulder. Logan has incorporated nearly every aspect of a modern eco-conscious design. As you drive onto the small farm property, you're immediately struck by a series of large south-facing windows. Walk through the well-lit kitchen, and you'll see that even the north side of the building has a passive solar component.L: Every room in this house has a window that faces south, regardless of where it's located, so all the rooms in the house have both day-lighting, which means that there's ample light coming in high into the room so that we don't need to use electric lights during the day, and also have south-facing glass that provides solar heat.J: As a result, Logan's house will have neither a furnace nor air-conditioning. For hot water, he'll tee an active solar heater. But efficient use of the sun is only one of the building's many eco-conscious features.L: The outside walls -- if you include a foot of adobe, a foot of insulation, and another foot of adobe- are three feet thick.J: The so-called super-insulation is required to store the solar heat, but Logan is also using thermal mass, or dirt, to keep the house both warm in the winter and cool in the summer.J: In all facets of construction, Logan is emphasizing both biodegradable building products and nontoxic materials. He's using milk-based paint, for example, and relatively little of that.L: This room and the inside of this room- virtually all the finishes did not need to be painted. The ceiling is made out of galvanized metal and the walls are plaster. Painting is a fairly un-environmental act in that it is something that involves chemistry, it involves doing it over and over many times in the lifetime of the building.J: And don't look for any carpeting in Logan's house.L: Well even if carpet is made from recycled material, it still can't be recycled the second time currently, so carpet virtually always gets thrown away. Also, most carpet gives off volatile organic compounds.J: Initially, Logan will get all his water from a well. The house won't be connected to a city water system. But he says the roof has gutters and will eventually collect rainwater for general use. Logan is paying $75 a square foot to build his house, and estimates environmental features added 10 - 15% to the up-front costs. But he says he'll save money in the long run.L: In many cases, many environmentally-beneficial solutions pay for themselves in as little as 6 or 7 or 8 months. A low-flow showerhead in most situations will pay for itself in a month.UNIT9PART IIIn 1888, Boston, Massachusetts, became the first American city to replace horse-drawn trolleys with electric streetcars. Streetcars, which look similar to train passenger coaches, clanged their bells, rattled around the corners and crried almost 14 billion riders at their height in 1920.old photos show overhead vires crisscrossing almost every US city. Then streetcars ridership replaced trolleys steadily as Americans took to automobiles and communities replaced trolleys with buses. But now it seems cities can’t lay streetcars tracks fast enough.So why is the number of US cities running streetcars and other light rail systems now up to 19? Why are 43 other cities building or drawing plans for light rail lines?Dan Tangherlini is acting dicrestor of Wanshington D.C.’s Transportation Department.:Many cities are beginning to re-evaluate that decision to move away from streetcars. We look at current bus ridership members, and many of the routes that have the highest bus ridership were some of our most popular streetcar routes. So there goes the notiong that the buses are providing increased flexibility, at least on those roads. And so maybe there’s something between the very expensive subway systems, which cost between 140 and 200 million dollars a mile and the bus route. And that’s what we’re beginning to ask.Streetcar lines cost less than 10 million dollars a mile to build. Washington is the latest city to announce it is studying the feasibility of bringing back streetcars, even though it already it already enjoys a fast-moving regional subway system called “metro” that runs through several parts of the city.Across country in Washington D.C., Bill Lind works for a conservative think tank called the Free Congress Foundation. The organization has printed several studies supporting light rail transit, including streetcars.“The old rationale for getting rid of the streetcars is that they get in the way of the automobiles. But what we found is that the automobile, generally with one person per car, is probably the least efficient way to use the limited amount of space you have on urban streets. If you’ve got 50 people on board a streetcar, you’re doing a lot better job of making use of the street space you have.”Even if Washington’s transit department gets the green light to bring back streetcars, it’s likely to be at least ten years before Mr. Lind and his neighbor will be riding them. The city has to secure federal funding for a。
大学英语综合教程课后答案
1)背离传统需要极大的勇气。
(departure，enormous)'It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition. 3) 很多教育家认为从小培养孩子的创新精神是很可取的。
(creative，desirable)Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age.5)如果这些数据在统计上是站得住脚的，那它将会帮助我们认识正在调查的问题。
(throw lighton, investigate, valid)If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating.4. 手术康复后不久，他失业了，因此经历了人生的又一个困难阶段。
Shortly after he recovered from the surgery, he lost his job and thus had to go through another difficult phase of his life.5. 与我们富裕的邻居相比，我们的父母就相当穷了，但是他们这是努力满足我们最起码的需求。
In contrast to our affluent neighbors, my parents are rather poor, but they have always tried to meet our minimal needs.4. 玛丽在她的报告中试图从一个完全不同的角度来解释这些数据。
In her report, Mary tries to interpret the data from a completely different angle.5. 苏是一个很有天分的女孩。
3117《大学英语3》复习范围
3117《大学英语3》复习范围I.Choose the right one1.Oxford University was established_____________A.during 1100B.during the 1100C.during the 1100sD.during 1100s2. The manager of the hotel requests that their guests ______ after 11:00 p.m.A. not play loud musicB. don‟t play loud musicC. wouldn‟t play loud musicD. couldn‟t play loud music3. Medical research has shown that the widespread of the use of cigarettes contributes __________ the increase of cancers.A. forB. withC. toD. in4. We have tried out various approaches _______the problem.A. toB. withC. forD. at5._________, I would have answered.A.If I heard youB.Did I hear youC.Had I heard youD.If I would have heard you6.Safety belt usage has increased from 21% to 70% in America,_________an estimated 75000 lives.A.savingB.savedC.saveD.saves7.________winter has come, many students in our school are very active to participate in long-distance. running around the West Lake.A.SinceB.ForC.HoweverD.When8. Many sources of information are sure to ______ our chances of getting in touch with the current events in the world.A. enhanceB. expandC. imagineD. limit9. If you want to travel around the world, you should make a careful plan ______________.A. in shortB. in advanceC. in timeD. in schedule10.His watch didn‟t work prop erly. He thought that something was wrong with it.__________,he had to have it repaired.A.In any caseB.In no caseC.In most casesD.In case11.Never before__________________.A.anything so tragic had happened in American skating sport.B.had anything so tragic happened in American skating sportC.had so tragic anything happened in American skating sport.Dso tragic anything had happened in American skating sport12. But for his intelligence, we ___________ able to achieve it.A. would never have beenB. were neverC. had never beenD. shall never be13.Bill Gates began_________to program computers.A.at age of 13B.at age 13C.at 13 ageD.at 13 year old14.Bill Gates said,”It‟s true tha t I left the college to start Mcrosoft, but I was at Harvard for 3 yearsbefore_________.A.dropping inB.dropping outC.dropping downD.dropping away15. Nobody but a young woman ________ the airplane crash.A. enduredB. rejectedC. survivedD. lived16. Five minutes earlier，_______ we could have caught the last train.A. ofB. butC. andD. so17. Many a boy and many a girl _______ it since then.A. have seenB. has seenC. has been seeingD. had seen18. I regretted _______ the days when I _______ hard at school.A. wasting…must have workedB. having wasted…should have workedC. to waste…could workD. to have wasted…would work19. He…s sure you‟ll pass the examination，_______？A. isn…t heB. do youC. won‟t youD. hasn…t he20. With ______，the man had to go out of his hiding place.A. his food ran outB. his food running outC. him running outD. his food run out参考答案：1—5.CACAC 6—10. AAABA 11—15. BABBC 16—20.CABCBII.Fill in the blanks with the words below, change the form where necessary.1. The group _________ one of its members to be their spokesperson.2. Wage increases are being kept to a(n) ____________ in many companies because of theeconomic depression.3. The engineering profession now has many __________ branches.4. Now that you‟re 13 you should have more sense of ________________ .5. Students usually __________ one or more of the subjects, which they have studied at “A”level, such as Art, Drama, English, Music, etc.6. We need to make sure that we __________ our resources as fully as possible.7. Congress is considering measures to _________ the sale of cigarettes.8. College courses should be designed to ___________ students with knowledge and skills tohelp them survive in modern society.9. The local government ___________ $1.1 million so that the old theater could be takendown and rebuilt.10. For his achievement in the medical field, the Mayor ________ him a medal of merit.（B）1. The driver gave a _________ that he was going to turn right.2. It was reported that 41 people were killed in a plane _________ in the Himalayas last week.3. The ship's captain radioed that it was in ____________ .4. The skaters moved over the ice with a smooth, effortless ____________ .5. The bomb was taken away and the soldiers _________ it at a safe distance from the houses.6. They were on their way to the Shropshire Union Canal when their car was involved in a ___________ with a truck.7. The Central Bank __________ interest rates by 2 percent.8. He __________ a cheerful welcome as he opened the door for the distinguished guest.9. He used to ___________ his toys all over the floor and I had to pick them up.10. The ____________ of the world's forests concerns everyone in some way. III.Translation:A.From English into Chinese:1.Modern politicians try to reach out to ordinary people in their TV speeches.2.We have to put aside our emotions and take it from a professional standpoint.3. The play was so wonderful that I soon lost myself in the excitement of it.4. This is a book about business practice as opposed to theory.5. Social activities never get in the way of her studies.6. Oxford University is the oldest university in Britain and one of the world‟s mostfamous institution of higher learning.7. They boarded the plane in New Y ork with high hope8.Hundreds of students sent me email each year asking for advice about education.9.The flight across the Atlantic was pleasant, and early the next morning,the plane neared theairport at Brussels.10.The computer industry has lots of people who didn‟t finish college.B．From Chinese into English:1.任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票。
微积分用英语怎么说
微积分用英语怎么说微积分是数学的一个基础学科。
内容主要包括极限、微分学、积分学及其应用。
那么你知道微积分用英语怎么说吗?下面和店铺一起来学习一下微积分的英语说法吧。
微积分的英语说法1：calculous微积分的英语说法2：calculus微积分的英语说法3：infinitesimal analysis微积分相关英语表达：微积分程序 calculus program;微积分方程 ntegro-differential equation;微积分学 calculus微积分的英语例句：1. After studying differential calculus you will be able to solve these mathematical problems.学了微积分之后,你们就能够解这些数学题了.2. All this leads up to the most fundamental of theorems of calculus.综上所述就导出了微积分学中的最基本的定理.3. This is a problem where calculus won't help at all.对于这一题,微积分一点也用不上.4. After their work, the calculus was no longer an appendage and extension of Greek geometry.经过他们的工作, 微积分不再是古希腊几何的附庸和延展.5. We shall encounter some of his symbolism in our survey of the calculus.以后在概述微积分发展时,我们将碰到他所创立的一些符号.6. How important do you think infinitesimal calculus is in life?您觉得微积分在生活中有多重要?7. We only use the fundamental mathematics in the model, like calculus.构建过程中仅用到了较基本的数学知识如:微积分的相关知识等.8. Exploring Black Holes investigates these and many other questions using elementary calculus.224探索黑洞会利用初等微积分研究这类问题.9. My acquistion of calculus was a slow and painful process.我掌握微积分的过程是缓慢而又痛苦的.10. I'm studying accounting principles, philosophy, calculus, English among others.我学会计原理, 哲学, 微积分, 还有英语等其它课程.11. The at minimum so as not to overlap with calculus.本课程之内容与微积分不宜重叠.12. As is well - known , Newton - Lebniz Formula plays a very important role in calculus.Newton - Lebniz公式在微积分学的重要地位已众所周知.13. What then is new for a calculus course here?这门微积分课有何较新之处呢 ?14. You should have a good book on multivariable calculus.你们应该有一本关于多变数微积分的好书.15. What about calculus? Everyone teaches it, so it must be important, right?那微积分呢? 每个人都学它, 所以它也一定是重要的, 不对吗?。
居家男人最典型的几种误解
居家男人最典型的几种误解For some reason, people feel it is necessary to dump their opinions on anyone who listens. And much of the time for a stay-at-home dad, it seems those opinions are aimed right at your forehead. Being a SAHD, although becoming more accepted, automatically makes you a bit of an outcast in the child-rearing world. It can be hard not to snap back or feel beaten down. But how well you handle such remarks can help you feel more comfortable in the role. Here are top misconceptions about stay-at-home dads.10. He’s Sitting at Home Watching Sports All DayWell, there aren’t that many sports on during a week day, so watching plain old TV can fill the role. But watching TV, unless it is getting a short break from the toddler by tuning into PBS’s children’s programming, is usually the last thing on your mind during a hectic day. You may get to watch a late Sportscenter once the kids are in bed and the house is reorganized, but there are no guarantees.9. His Spouse Would Rather Be HomeThere is a theme to misconceptions that at-home dads have to deal with, and it is rife with gender stereotypes. This one is a reverse misconception. Just as there are men who don’t necessarily want to be stuck in the office all day and would rather take care of the kids, there are women who want to advance their careers. There is no doubt that your wife would like to spend more time with the kids. Your family talked long and hardabout this decision and concluded it would be the best situation. It’s doubtful that dur ing the process she said she didn’t want to be a mom.8. Men Would Rather Be in the OfficeMost stay-at-home dads can tell you they know a male friend, former co-worker, acquaintance or family member who has told them they would love to take care of the kids if they could. releases an annual survey of working dads that has found the number wishing they could stay at home with the children was 50% in 2003, and the tally most years has hovered around 40%. Most men in this role chose to be here and wouldn’t w ant to give it up.7. Men Don’t Stay at Home With the ChildrenTrue, only 159,000 men are classified as full-time fathers according to the 2006 . Census Bureau numbers. That’s compared with million full-time moms. But when you throw in the part-time at-home dads or those who do most of the caring for the kids – they work at night and watch the kids during the day, for example – the number of men as primary caregivers is as high as 20%. Additionally, the number of men staying at home has nearly tripled in the past decade and continues to grow. Full-time dads are increasingly visible.6. Men Can’t Watch the Kids as Well as WomenUnsolicited advice is another common aspect stay-at-home dads deal with when out in public with their kids. You handled that tantrum incorrectly, you dressed them wrong,you shouldn’t be giving them that popcorn. Or how about, “Those kids should be with their mother.” Because a man can’t competently take care of a child? Moms surely get similar advice, and there is no way to say who has to deal with it more. Either way, it’s not a great feeling to be told you don’t know what you’re doing.5. He Must Have Lost His JobThere is no other reason a dad would want to take care of the kids other than he was forced to, right? There is no question in these economic times some men have taken on the role because they were laid off or their job situation isn’t promising. But that doesn’t mean they don’t want to stay at home. Don’t be surprised if many more men used the economic climate as the perfect excuse to spend more time with their children.4. He Must be Looking for a JobAgain, people have a hard time comprehending that a father would want to stay at home. It is sometimes hard to find support for the decision or to find the right response whe n finding out what a SAHD does. A lot of people are set in their ways. They’ll tell you it is great what you are doing and then ask how the job hunt is going or pass along employment advertisements that your skills fit. Take it as a complement that they are thinking about you3. He Must Not Have Any MotivationIf you’re staying home all day instead of at work, it must be you can’t find something to do with your time or don’t want to. You’d rather sleep until noon, roll out of bed and eat a bowl of Frosted Flakes, play some video games and take a nap. Problem is, kids don’t sleep until noon and if you’re lucky you get a bowl of cereal when they eat. In fact, on the motivation front, SAHDs have to take the opposite approach. Being a full-time caregiver requires a lot of determination and composure. It is a job that doesn’t stop at 5 . or for the weekend, and if you’re not on your toes constantly with the kids, they will eat you alive. Not to mention, you need to be motivated just to deal with these misconceptions.2. So, You’re Babysitting Today?Every stay-at-home dad has heard this. He probably heard it during the first week while out running an errand. And he’s heard it many, many times since. Yes, most kids are watched by women. But to automatically think th at a father, even one who doesn’t stay with the kids full time, would only be with the children if he was babysitting shows how deep the parenting stereotype is. This is a tough situation to respond to. Taking the high road with a simple nod and a smile or a quick, “I watch them every day,” is probably best. They’ll probably get the hint, and likely will feel a little guilty about making the comment.1. He Is Not MasculineThis is the granddaddy of all stay-at-home misconceptions. Watching the kids is a wom an’s job. Men are supposed to be the breadwinners. You are not a man. It’s enough to make anyone unsure. It’s easy to get beaten down by this stereotype in what can already be an isolating role. A big defense is to show you have a grasp on the important task of making sure the kids are growing right is as important and rewarding of a job as any. You are taking care of your family. Isn’t that fall under the umbrella of what a man is supposed to do?出于某些原因，人们偏向于向倾听者灌输自己的想法。
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(First Report) Report on the 2001 New Doctoral Recipients Faculty Salary Survey
Don O. Loftsgaarden, James W. Maxwell, and Kinda Remick Priestley
Group 1995–96 1996–97 1997–98 1998–99 1999–00 2000–01 I (Pu) 325 297 306 292 256 233 I (Pr) 174 187 174 152 157 129 II III IV Va 81 72 77 69 67 81 Total* 1098 1123 1163 1133 1119 1008
Report on the 2001 New Doctoral Recipients
This report presents a statistical profile of recipients of doctoral degrees awarded by departments in the mathematical sciences at universities in the United States during the period July 1, 2000, through June 30, 2001. It includes a preliminary analysis of the employment of 2000–01 doctoral recipients and a demographic profile summarizing characteristics of citizenship Table 1: Doctorates Granted Response Rates
NOTICESrvey of the Mathematical Sciences
2. Group Vb containing Operations Research/Management Science doctoral-granting departments has not been surveyed since 1998. Doctorates granted in Group Vb have been removed from any tables in this report that give data from past years, unless noted otherwise. 3. For the past five years Group IV, doctoralgranting statistics and biostatistics departments, has been under revision. It included 80 departments in 1995–96 and for 2000–01 it has 86 departments. Several drops and additions were involved in going from 80 to 86. Doctoral Degrees Granted Table 2 shows the number of new doctoral degrees granted by the different doctoral groups surveyed in the Annual Survey for the past six years. The 1,008 new doctorates granted by these departments in 2000–01 is a decrease of 111 from 1999–2000. While every group except Group Va showed a decrease this year, the drops in Groups Table/Figure 2: New Doctoral Degrees Awarded by Group, Fall Count
The First Report of the 2001 Annual Survey gives information about the employment status of 2000–01 new doctoral recipients from U.S. departments in the mathematical sciences and salary data on faculty members in U.S. departments of mathematical sciences in fouryear colleges and universities. This report is based on information collected from two questionnaires distributed to departments in May 2001. A follow-up questionnaire was distributed to the individual new doctoral recipients in October 2001. This questionnaire will be used to update and revise results in this report, which are based on information from the departments that produced the new doctorates. Those results will be published in the Second Report of the 2001 Annual Survey in the August 2002 issue of the Notices. Another questionnaire concerned with data on fall 2001 course enrollments, majors, graduate students, and departmental faculty was distributed to departments in September 2001. Results from this questionnaire will appear in the Third Report of the 2001 Annual Survey in the September 2002 issue of the Notices. The 2001 Annual Survey represents the forty-fifth in an annual series begun in 1957 by the American Mathematical Society. The 2001 Survey is under the direction of the Annual Survey Data Committee, a joint committee of the American Mathematical Society, the American Statistical Association, the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, and the Mathematical Association of America. The current members of this committee are Lorraine Denby, J. Douglas Faires, Mary W. Gray, Peter E. Haskell, G. Samuel Jordan, Ellen E. Kirkman, James M. Kister, James Lewis, Don O. Loftsgaarden (chair), James W. Maxwell (ex officio), and Yashiswini Mittal. The committee is assisted by AMS survey analyst Kinda Remick Priestley and survey coordinator Colleen Rose. Comments or suggestions regarding this Survey Report may be directed to the Committee.
Group I (Pu) 24 of 25 including 0 with 0 degrees Group I (Pr) 22 of 23 including 0 with 0 degrees Group II Group III Group IV Group Va Group Vb 51 of 56 including 4 with 0 degrees 70 of 74 including 20 with 0 degrees 70 of 86 including 8 with 0 degrees 18 of 20 including 1 with 0 degrees No longer surveyed
Highlights
There were 1,008 new doctoral recipients in 2000–01, down from 1,119 in 1999–00. Approximately 40% of this decrease is due to a lower response rate from departments in 2000–01. The number of new doctoral recipients from Groups I (Pu), I (Pr), and II combined has dropped from 744 in 1997–98 to 565 in 2000–01, a drop of 24.1% in three years. Based on responses from departments alone, the fall 2001 unemployment rate for the 876 new doctoral recipients from 2000–01 whose employment status is known is 5.6%. This figure will be revised later using information collected from the new doctoral recipients themselves. The fall 2000 unemployment rate was 4.6%. Of the new doctoral recipients who have jobs, 58 (7.1%) have positions in the institution from which they received their degrees, though not necessarily in the same department, and 14 have part-time jobs. The 58 represents 11.4% of the U.S. academic positions filled by new doctoral recipients. Of the 717 new doctoral recipients employed in the U.S., 168 (23.4%) have jobs in business or industry. In fall 2000 this number was 206 (25.9%). The number of new doctoral recipients taking U.S. academic positions was 510 in fall 2001 down from 551 in fall 2000. Of the 1,008 new doctoral recipients in 2000–01, 494 (49.0%) are U.S. citizens. Females account for 292 (29.0%) of the 1,008 new doctoral recipients in 2000–01 down slightly from 302 (27.0%) in 1999–2000. Of the 494 U.S. citizen new doctoral recipients, 151 (30.6%) are females, down from the record 187 (33.8%) in 1998–99, but still the second largest percentage ever recorded. Among the U.S. citizen new doctoral recipients, there were 14 Black or African Americans and 11 Hispanic or Latinos. The largest minority group was Asians with 30. Whites accounted for 431 (87.2%) of U.S. citizen new doctoral recipients. Among new doctoral recipients hired in U.S. doctoral granting departments, 46.4% are U.S. citizens. For other U.S. academic positions, 65.9% of the new doctoral recipients hired were U.S. citizens. Group IV produced 237 new doctorates of which 98 (41.4%) are females, compared to all other doctoral groups combined where 194 of 771 (25.2%) are females. For field of thesis, 289 of the 1,008 new doctoral recipients were in probability (34) or statistics (255). The next highest number was in algebra and number theory with 137.