Richard Brinsley Sheridan

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自考-《英美文学选读》作家和作品

A Tale of a Tub 桶的故事
The Battle of the books 书籍的战争
The Drapier’s Letter 德拉皮尔的信
Gulliver’s Travels 格列佛游记
A Modest Proposal一个温和的建议
5. Henry Fielding
The great poems: Paradise Lost (1665)
Paradise Regained (1666)
Samson Agonistes (1671) 力士参孙
The Neoclassical Period 新古典主义 8个
1. John bunyan:
Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的结合
The Book of Urizen 尤来森之书
The Book of Los 洛斯之书
The four Zoas四个左义斯
Milon弥尔顿
Tiger
2. Willian Wordsworth(Lake Poets)
The Victorian Period 6
1. Charles Dickens
Sketches by Boz 勃兹速写
Life in Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿
Nicholas Nickleby 尼克拉丝尼克尔比
The Pickwick Paper 皮克威克外传
The History of Amelia阿米利亚
6．Samuel Johnson
Poems: London , The Vanity of human Wishes人类欲望的虚幻

Sheridan

Richard Brinsley SheridanLifeSheridan was born in 1751 in Dublin, Ireland. He was educated in Harrow, England. At the age of 21, he started his career as a playwright. Before long, he established his own Drury lane Theatre. In 1777 he put on his masterpiece The School for Scandal, which brought him a large sum of money.In 1780, he was elected M.P. for Stafford. Then he held various government offices:under secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, secretary of the Treasury, Treasurer of the Navy, etc.In 1809 his Drury Lane Theatre was burned down in a fire. In 1812 his political career came to a halt for lack of money. In the same year he was arrested for debt.Sheridan died in 1816 in poverty and neglect. He was buried in Westminster Abbey.理查德·布林斯莱·谢立丹（Richard Brinsley Sheridan）（1751—1816）具有多方面才能，以戏剧成就最大。

英国文学简史期末考试复习要点-刘炳善版

英国文学史资料British Writers and WorksI。

Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages<Beowulf>贝奥武夫：the national epic of the Anglo—SaxonsEpic： long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated。

e。

g。

Homer's Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features：ing alliterationDefinition of alliteration： a rhetorical device， meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）Some examples on P5ing metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement： expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1340（?)~1400（首创“双韵体"，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。

约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父"。

代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》.)The father of English poetry。

英国文学简史 (刘炳善著河南人民出版社)笔记part3-4

Part three the period of the English bourgeois revolution Chaper 1 the English revolution and the Reatoration1 the weakening of the tie between monarchy and bourgeoise2 the clashes between the king and parliament3 the outburst of the English revolution:4 the split with the revolution camp5 the bourgeois dictatorship and the restoration6 the religious cloak of the English revolution:Also called the puritan revolution.Puritanism is the religious doctrine7 literature of the revolution periodChapter 2 John Milton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674（诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。

）①Epics: <Paradise Lost>失乐园: written in blank verseIn the poem god is no better than a despot. God is cruel and unjust. Adam and Eve embody Milton's belife in the powers of man.The desription of hell, Satan is the real hero of the poem. Satan is the spirit questioning the authority of God.<Paradise Regained>复乐园②Dramatic poem: < Samson Agonistes>力士参孙:A poetical drama.③<Areopagitica>论出版自由: as a declaration of people's freedom of the press, has been a weapon in the later democratic revulotion struggles.<The Defence of the English People>为英国人民声辩: as the spokesman of the revolution.④<On His Blindness>我的失明This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.Milton:1 he was a political in both his life and his art. He was a militant pamphleteer of the English Revolution, and the greatest English revolutionary poet in 17th century2 wrote the greatest epic in English literature. He and Shakespeare have always been regarded as two patterns of English verse3 he first used blank verse in non-dramatic works. In paradise lost, he acquires an absolute mastery of the blank verse.4 he is a great stylist, grand style.5 his sublimity of thought and majesty of expression.Chapter 3 John Bunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。

英语专业八级考试人文知识点

英语专业八级考试人文知识点(1)__1__ Who was the first to apply the telescope to the study of the skies?A KeplerB CopernicusC GalileoD Newton__2__ Whose discovery of the law of the universal gravitation is the most important of all his achievement in ph ysics?A KeplerB Issac NewtonC GalileoD Copernicus__3__The three biggest newspapers are of the following except ___.A New York TimesB Washington PostC Los Angeles TimesD Reader’s Digest__4__Metropolitan Museum is in__.A Washington D.C.B BostonC New YorkD Philadelphia__5__The New Frontier was put forward by __.A KennedyB JohnsonC NixonD Benjamin Franklin__6__Who resigned because of Watergate Scandal, the first president to do so in American history?A KennedyB JohnsonC Richard NixonD Truman__7__Empire State Building is in___.A ChicagoB New YorkC Washington D.C.D Detroit__8__ “Knowledge is power.” Was said by__.A Francis BaconB ShakespeareC Thomas HobbesD John Locke__9__Which of the following philosophers believed that man is selfish by nature?A John LockeB DescartesC Pierre GassendiD Thomas Hobbes__10__Jazz, a great contribution to the world popular music, was originated from the music of __.A IndiansB SpanishC NegroesD Portuguese答案解析：1选C。

(完整版)英国文学发展概述(3)

英国文学发展概述（3）五、浪漫主义时期文学（1798-1832）18世纪末、19世纪初，英国诗风大变。

苏格兰农民诗人罗伯特·彭斯（Robert Burns, 1759-1796）给英国诗坛带来一股新鲜的气息。

他的抒情诗自然生动，感情真挚，讽刺诗尖锐锋利，妙趣横生。

威廉·布莱克（William Blake, 1757-1827）是版画家兼诗人，想象奇特，极富个性。

他的短诗意象鲜明，语言清新，后期的长诗内容比较晦涩。

他在诗歌中建立起自己一套独特的神话体系，具有神秘主义色彩。

布莱克的革命性、独创性和复杂性使他成为浪漫主义诗歌的先驱。

1798年，威廉·华兹华斯（William Wordsworth, 1770-1850）与塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治（Samuel Taylor Coleridge, 1772-1834）合作出版了一本小诗集《抒情歌谣集》（Lyrical Ballads ），其中大部分诗歌出自华兹华斯之手，用简朴的语言描写简朴的生活。

《抒情歌谣集》的问世标志着英国浪漫主义文学的真正崛起。

华兹华斯在1802年诗集再版时写的序中对诗歌作出了著名定义：“好诗是强烈感情的自然流溢”。

浪漫主义是对新古典主义的反拨：诗歌内容不再是对现实的反映或道德说教，而是诗人内心涌出的真实感情；诗歌语言不是模仿经典作家去追求高雅精致，而是要贴近普通人的日常用语。

浪漫主义诗人崇尚自然，主张返朴归真。

浪漫主义是一个比较笼统的概念，每个诗人各有其特征。

同样是“湖畔派”诗人，华兹华斯将大自然视为灵感的源泉，自然美景能给人力量和愉悦，具有疗效作用，使人的心灵净化和升华，柯勒律治则赋予自然神奇色彩，擅长描绘瑰丽的超自然幻景。

乔治·戈登·拜伦（George Gordon Byron, 1788-1824）和波西·比希·雪莱（Percy Bysshe Shelley, 1792-1822）属于革命诗人，但拜伦自我表现意识强烈，而雪莱深受柏拉图哲学影响，憧憬美丽的理想和理念。

英美文学史及选读1(12级及以前年级)School for Scandal

THE SCHOOL FOR SCANDALby Richard Brinsley SheridanTHE AUTHORRichard Brinsley Sheridan (1751-1816) was born in Dublin to a mother who was a playwright and a father who was an actor. He thus came by his talents honestly, though he far exceeded the modest accomplishments of his parents. Already one of the most brilliant and witty dramatists of the English stage before the age of thirty, he gave up his writing and went on to become the owner and producer of the Drury Lane theater, a well-regarded Whig member of the English Parliament, and a popular man-about-town.Despite his family’s poverty, he attended Harrow, a famous prep school, though he appears to have been unhappy there, largely because the rich boys at the school looked down on him because of his humble origins. The bitter taste of his school years drove his later ambitions, both for literary and political success and for acceptance in the highest strata of society. He used his profits from his writing to buy the theater and his profits from the theater to finance his political career and socially-active lifestyle.Sheridan was a tireless lover and a man who, no matter how much he earned, always managed to spend more. In 1772, he married a lovely young singer named Elizabeth Ann Linley; she had already, before her twentieth birthday, attracted the attention of several wealthy suitors twice her age, but she and Sheridan eloped to France without the knowledge or permission of either set of parents. Though she loved him deeply, he was not a one-woman sort of man, and his constant infidelities led to a temporary separation in 1790. She died of tuberculosis shortly thereafter, and Sheridan married Hester Jane Ogle, a girl half his age, three years later, though again he was frequently unfaithful to his long-suffering wife.As a writer, Sheridan leaped to the attention of the theater-going public in 1775, when The Rivals and The Duenna, a light opera, reached the stage. In 1777 he produced his most famous comedy, The School for Scandal. After the debut of The Critic in 1779, he gave up writing and turned to producing, politics, and high living. As a result of a complete inability to handle money or follow a budget, a lifestyle that far exceeded his income, and lifelong bouts of drunkenness and debauchery, when Sheridan lost his seat in Parliament, he was left as a sick old man, carted off to the poorhouse by the local constabulary. His second wife stayed by his side to the end, and he died in poverty in July of 1816, but was buried with honors in Westminster Abbey.The School for Scandal is considered by many to be the finest comedy of manners ever written in the English language. The witty dialogue, exaggerated characterizations, and confusions associated with mistaken identity place the play on the same level as the best of Moliere’s works. On a more serious level, the play deals very effectively with themes such as the corrosive nature of gossip, the fragility of reputation, and the differences between appearance and reality. Like all of Sheridan’s work, The School for Scandal assumes a certain nimbleness of mind on the part of the audience, along with an ability to follow a sometimes-confusing plot and fast-paced twists of language.MAJOR CHARACTERS•Sir Peter Teazle - A benevolent and wealthy gentleman who has a young wife and a ward, Maria. He took Joseph and Charles Surface under his care after the death of their father, but they are now independent because of the inheritance received from their uncle. Sir Peter favors Joseph as a future husband for Maria and disapproves of Charles.•Lady Teazle - Sir Peter’s wife, she is much younger than he is; they have only been married for six months. She is a simple country girl who has been spoiled by her husband’s wealth, so that she squanders his fortune and the two quarrel constantly.•Maria - Sir Peter’s ward, she is beloved by both Joseph and Charles Surface, but loves only Charles.•Joseph Surface - An upright young man in appearance but in reality a hypocrite, he is in love with Maria, but, being rebuffed by her, seeks the help of Lady Sneerwell to obtain her affection.•Charles Surface - A dissipated rake with a good heart, he is beloved by both Maria and Lady Sneerwell.•Sir Oliver Surface - Uncle to Joseph and Charles, he has given them an inheritance that has allowed them to become independent since they have come of age. He returns incognito after sixteen years in India and decides to test the characters of his nephews.•Lady Sneerwell - A widow who loves to create and spread gossip, she is a neighbor of Sir Peter and is secretly in love with Charles Surface, thus desires to help Joseph obtain Maria’s affection.•Snake - Part of Lady Sneerwell’s circle who helps her in her schemes, but is out for his own interests.•Sir Benjamin Backbite - Also in love with Maria, he fancies himself a poet and is a dreadful gossip.•Crabtree - Sir Benjamin’s uncle; also a gossip.•Mrs. Candour - A professedly kindhearted woman who speaks well of everyone in sucha way as to ruin their reputations in the process.•Rowley - The steward of Joseph and Charles’ deceased father, he plots with Sir Oliver to unveil the true characters of Joseph and Charles.•Moses - A Jewish man to whom Charles owes a great deal of money.•Trip - Charles’ servant.•Careless and Sir Toby Bumper - Friends of Charles.NOTABLE QUOTATIONS“To my knowledge, she has been the cause of six matches being broken off, and three sons being disinherited; of four forced elopements, and as many close confinements; nine separate maintenances, and two divorces.” (Snake, Ii, p.235)“There is no advantage in not knowing him, for he’ll abuse a stranger just as soon as his best friend.” (Joseph, Ii, p.238)“Wit loses its respect for me when I see it in company with malice.” (Maria, Ii, p.238)“Tale bearers are as bad as the tale makers.” (Mrs. Candour, Ii, p.240)“When an old bachelor marries a young wife, he deserves - no - the crime carries its punishment along with it.” (Sir Peter, Iii, p.246)“What though I was educated in the country, I know very well that women of fashion in London are accountable to nobody after they are married.” (Lady Teazle, IIi, p.247)“But I bear no malice against the people I abuse: when I say an ill natured thing, ‘tis out of pure good humor; and I take it for granted they deal exactly in the same manner with me.” (Lady Teazle, IIi, p.249)“True wit is more nearly allied to good nature than your ladyship is aware of.” (Sir Peter, IIii, p.253)“If he suspects me without cause, it follows, that the best way of curing his jealousy is to give him reason for’t?” (Lady Teazle, IViii, p.279)NOTESAct I, scene 1 - After a prologue spoken by Sir Peter Teazle, the play begins in the dressing room of Lady Sneerwell. She is speaking to Snake, her servant, about his success in spreading the latest gossip among her acquaintances. She apparently was injured by scandal in her younger days and has spent her life taking revenge on whomever is unlucky enough to come within the reach of her venom. She is presently targeting her neighbor, Sir Peter Teazle, and the two young men under his care, both of whom are in love with his ward Maria. Lady Sneerwell loves Charles, a rake who loves Maria and is beloved by her; Joseph, on the other hand, has a reputation for uprightness, but is secretly a scoundrel, and seeks Lady Sneerwell’s help to obtain Maria’s affections. Joseph arrives and informs Lady Sneerwell that Charles is as dissipated as ever and is unable to spend time with Maria. He warns her against trusting Snake, who has been spending time with Rowley, his father’s former steward. Maria arrives, trying to avoid the attentions of another suitor, Sir Benjamin Backbite; she hates him because he is a terrible gossip, abusing friends and strangers alike, as is his uncle, Crabtree. Mrs. Candour then comes in; she speaks well of everyone, but her defenses of their characters are worse than the gossip of the slanderers. She immediately begins reporting all the latest gossip while trusting that it is not true. Sir Benjamin and Crabtree then arrive, and begin talking about the scandals of their acquaintances. When the conversation turns to Charles and his impending bankruptcy, Maria gets fed up with the whole thing and leaves, followed by Mrs. Candour. Lady Sneerwell and Joseph agree to continue their plotting against Charles and Maria.Act I, scene 2 - In Sir Peter Teazle’s house, he speaks to the audience of his recent marriage to a much younger country girl. He thought she enjoyed simple pleasures, but she has been spoiled by sudden wealth, and the two quarrel constantly. When Rowley, old Surface’s former steward, comes in, Sir Peter pours out his woes - a quarrelsome wife who is always wrong about everything and a ward who refuses his choice of a husband for her (Joseph) in favor of his profligate brother Charles. Rowley differs from his assessment, arguing that Charles, though undoubtedly having his problems, will soon overcome them, even as his father had done before him. Rowley tells Sir Peter that Sir Oliver Surface has returned from the East Indies, not having been in England for sixteen years, but wishes his return to be kept secret from his nephews because he wants to learn something of their characters. Because Sir Peter and Sir Oliver are old friends and have sworn for years that they would never marry, Sir Peter insists that he and his wife must put on the appearance of a happy marriage before him.Act II, scene 1 - Sir Peter and Lady Teazle are quarreling, both about her extravagance and about her expenses, though he can’t help but love her dearly. They prepare to visit Lady Sneerwell. Act II, scene 2 - Meanwhile, at Lady Sneerwell’s house, Maria has regained her composure and comes in with Lady Teazle, who immediately joins the never-ending gossip of the gathering. When Sir Peter arrives, he is disgusted by the conversation, in which the group tears apart their closest friends and relations. After the others leave, Joseph tries again to press his suit with Maria, who shows no inclination to favor him. When Lady Teazle comes in, Joseph speaks in such a way as to lead her to believe that Maria is spreading gossip about Lady Teazle and Joseph. No such relationship exists, but the conversation gives them both ideas. When Joseph is leftalone, he wonders how long he can keep up the pretense of honor before his true nature is found out.Act II, scene 3 - Rowley is talking with Sir Oliver, telling him about Sir Peter’s recent marriage. He notes that one reason why Sir Peter dislikes Charles is that he suspects a certain tenderness between him and Lady Teazle - a rumor that has been fanned by the local scandalmongers. Sir Oliver is determined to support the otherwise-friendless Charles if he finds him deserving. Sir Peter comes in and the two old friends are reunited. Sir Peter tells Sir Oliver about his nephews, insisting that Charles is a scoundrel and Joseph a paragon, but Sir Oliver wonders if Joseph can be as good as advertised and still manage to avoid the rough tongues of the gossips. Sir Oliver tells Sir Peter that he intends to remain incognito while determining the characters of his nephews. Act III, scene 1 - Back at Sir Peter’s house, Rowley unfolds his scheme to him. An unfortunate man named Stanley, an old friend of the family, has come upon hard times and has been writing to Joseph and Charles asking for help. Joseph has put him off, while Charles has promised to do what he can given his straitened circumstances. Rowley proposes that Sir Oliver introduce himself as Stanley, and thus test the qualities of the two boys. Soon Moses comes in - he is a Jewish man to whom Charles owes a great deal of money. Moses tells them that he has offered to help Charles by introducing him to a moneylender in the city named Premium. Sir Peter then suggests that Sir Oliver pretend to be Premium and talk with Charles, and later present himself as Stanley to Joseph. Moses and the others coach Sir Oliver about how a moneylender acts and speaks [Sheridan uses this opportunity to satirize the English financial world]. After they leave, Sir Peter decides to talk to Joseph to get the truth about the rumors concerning Lady Teazle and Charles. Maria arrives first, and Sir Peter again badgers her about marrying Joseph, which she resolutely refuses to consider. Lady Teazle then comes in, and Sir Peter tries to cajole her into a good mood, reminiscing about the days of their courtship. She simply asks for more money and the two soon start quarreling about who is responsible for their quarrels. He finally loses his temper and accuses her of dallying with Charles, then threatens separation or divorce. She says that separation is just fine with her, for then they will for once be happy in their marriage.Act III, scene 2 - Moses and Sir Oliver, pretending to be Premium, arrive at Charles’ house, where Charles’ servant, Trip, attempts to wheedle more money out of Moses. This gives Sir Oliver an immediate bad impression about the household and the way it is run.Act III, scene 3 - Charles is hosting a dinner party for some of his friends, and they bemoan the lack of wine and wit in a society that cares nothing for money; all are somewhat inebriated. His friends tease him to reveal the name of his true love, and he tells them he loves Maria. Sir Toby Bumper leads the group in a song in praise of women of all sorts. Moses and “Premium” come in, and the men try to get them drunk. Premium refuses their drink, and the two get down to business. Charles admits he needs money badly, but the only security he can offer is the expectation of wealth from his rich uncle in the Indies (who is, of course, the man with whom he is speaking). Charles suggests a life insurance policy on Sir Oliver, to be paid out after he dies. Premium objects that he might not see his money for years, but Charles assures him that his uncle is in remarkably bad health and can’t last much longer. Premium says that he has heard that Sir Oliver is doing very well, and in fact might arrive in England soon, but Charles insists that he isstill in Calcutta. In the course of the conversation, Sir Oliver finds that Charles has already sold the family heirlooms and his father’s library, and offers to sell the family portraits in the sitting room. Sir Oliver, inwardly fuming and swearing never to forgive him for his carelessness, agrees to buy the pictures.Act IV, scene 1 - Charles takes Sir Oliver and Moses up to see the pictures and makes unpleasant comments about their quality. He then auctions them off to “Premium” for relatively low prices. Finally they come to a portrait of Sir Oliver himself. After further unpleasant comments, Charles refuses to sell the picture since his uncle has been so good to him, even when he is offered more for that than for all the others combined. Sir Oliver is now in a fine mood, and decides to forgive Charles all his extravagance. He leaves without Charles knowing his identity. Charles tells Rowley that he will use some of the money to help his friend Stanley, but refuses to pay his debts to tradesmen, arguing that such a thing will only encourage them to expect payment in the future. Act IV, scene 2 - Rowley tells Sir Oliver about what Charles intends to do with the money, but Sir Oliver is so pleased that he refused to sell his picture that he decides to pay his debts and send money to Stanley, too. Trip tries again to borrow money from Moses.Act IV, scene 3 - This scene takes place in Joseph’s library. Lady Teazle comes in and Joseph tries to convince her that he is in love with her and not Maria, and that she should get revenge on her husband by establishing a relationship with him. A servant announces Sir Peter, and Lady Teazle hides behind a screen in panic. Sir Peter sits down and unburdens his heart to Joseph about his concern for his wife. He is afraid she is fooling around with Charles. Joseph, of course, denies knowledge of any such thing. Sir Peter tells Joseph that he intends to give his wife a large allowance and leave most of his estate to her when he dies. Joseph is sorry that Lady Teazle, from behind the screen, hears all this; things get even worse when Sir Peter brings up the subject of Joseph’s affection for Maria. A servant announces Charles’ arrival, and Joseph tells him to bring him up, hoping to cut short Sir Peter’s conversation. Sir Peter, however, suggests that he hide himself so that Joseph can question Charles about his relationship with Lady Teazle. He goes to duck behind the screen, but finds it already occupied. Joseph pulls him away before he can see who is behind the screen, and tells him it is a little milliner who has been plaguing him with her attentions. Sir Peter hides in a closet instead. The two poke their heads out several times, each always missing seeing the other, before Charles enters. Joseph asks him if he has any interest in Lady Teazle, and he denies it, insisting he loves Maria, but he then says that he knows of Joseph’s interest in Sir Peter’s wife. He keeps trying to give examples of their tender feelings, but Joseph stops him, finally telling him that Sir Peter is hiding in the closet. Charles pulls him out of hiding, and Sir Peter expresses his new good opinion of Charles, having heard him deny any interest in Lady Teazle. A servant tells Joseph that Lady Sneerwell has arrived, and he goes to send her away. Meanwhile, Sir Peter tells Charles that Joseph is not such a saint as he had imagined, since he had a girl in the room when he arrived, and that she was at this moment hiding behind the screen. Charles insists on looking behind the screen, but Sir Peter says that he should not, since Joseph is on his way upstairs again. Just as Joseph reenters the room, Charles takes down the screen, revealing Lady Teazle. Joseph stammers out an explanation, which Lady Teazle immediately contradicts. She tells Sir Peter about Joseph’s attempt to seduce her, and swears that Sir Peter’s expressions of love for her had changed her attitude completely. Sir Peter denounces Joseph and stomps out of the house in anger.Act V, scene 1 - Still in Joseph’s library, the servant announces the arrival of Mr. Stanley. Joseph has no desire to see him, knowing that he intends to ask for money, but tells the servant to show him up. Sir Oliver enters in the character of Stanley, and Rowley along with him. After Rowley leaves, Joseph greets “Stanley” warmly, but says he has nothing to offer him, since he has little money. Stanley says that surely he might share some of the bounty he has received from his uncle, but Joseph claims that Sir Oliver has given him nothing but a few paltry gifts. In fact, Joseph insists that he is poverty-stricken because he has lent so much his money to his wastrel brother Charles. Sir Oliver swears to himself that Charles, rather than Joseph, will be his heir. After “Stanley” leaves, Rowley reenters and tells Joseph that his uncle Sir Oliver has arrived. Joseph prepares himself for another piece of bad timing.Act V, scene 2 - Meanwhile, at Sir Peter’s house, Mrs. Candour, Lady Sneerwell, Sir Benjamin, and Crabtree have gathered. All have different stories about what happened in Joseph’s library: some say the lover was Joseph, some Charles; some insist that Sir Peter fought a duel with swords with the culprit, and some say the fight was with pistols and that Sir Peter is seriously wounded. When Sir Oliver enters, they think he is the doctor and begin plying him with questions about Sir Peter’s condition. At that moment Sir Peter himself walks in, clearly in perfect health. All begin to jabber at him at once, and he throws all the gossips out of his house. Sir Peter asks if Rowley and Sir Oliver know of his scandalous discovery, and they admit that they do, and have a great deal of trouble restraining their laughter while discussing it. Sir Oliver begs Sir Peter to forgive his wife, and as the scene ends, he prepares to go to her and restore the relationship. Meanwhile, Sir Oliver heads back to Joseph’s house to reveal himself in his true character to both his nephews. Act V, scene 3 - Back in Joseph’s library, he and Lady Sneerwell are quarreling. She regrets the fact that now Charles will surely obtain Sir Peter’s permission to marry Maria (when she wanted him for herself), and accuses Joseph of being a great blunderer; he, of course, wanted Maria for himself, and now sees no way of obtaining her. He sees one glimmer of hope in the possibility of putting Snake up to producing forged letters affirming Charles’ prior relationship with Lady Teazle. When Sir Oliver is announced, Joseph insists that Lady Sneerwell hide. Sir Oliver enters, but Joseph thinks he is Stanley. “Stanley” insists on meeting Sir Oliver and asking him for charity, but Joseph, refuses, trying to push him out of the room. Before he can do so, Charles enters and demands to know why Joseph is manhandling his broker Premium. The two brothers argue over the man’s identity, but both agree he must leave before Sir Oliver arrives; they then both try to push him out the door. Before they can do so, Sir Peter enters with Lady Teazle, Maria, and Rowley, and all identify Sir Oliver. He, Sir Peter, and Lady Teazle all denounce Joseph. Charles expects the same treatment, but is amazed to find Sir Oliver benevolent toward him because of his true gratitude for his uncle’s generosity. Sir Peter is now prepared to give Maria to Charles. Joseph makes one last attempt to blacken Charles’ name with Lady Sneerwell’s introduction of Snake’s forged letters, but Snake, having been paid twice as much by Rowley, admits they are forgeries. Lady Sneerwell leaves the room in a huff, followed by Joseph. Sir Peter and Sir Oliver announce that Charles and Maria will be married the following morning, and Charles determines to reform his dissolute ways. The play ends with an epilogue spoken by Lady Teazle.。

《英美文学选读》课程概述

课程概述一、课程性质和学习目的英美文学选读课是全国高等教育自学考试英语语言文学专业本科段的必修课，是为培养和检验自学应考者英美文学的基本理论知识和理解、鉴赏英美文学原著的能力而设置的一门专业理论课程。

设置本课程旨在使英语自学者对英美两国文学形成与发展的全貌有一个大概的了解；并通过阅读具有代表性的英美文学作品，理解作品的内容，学会分析作品的艺术特色并努力掌握正确评价文学作品的标准和方法。

由于本课程以作家作品为重点，因此学生要仔细品味原作。

通过阅读，努力提高语言水平，增强对英美文学原著的理解，特别是对作品中表现的社会生活和人物思想感情的理解，提高他们阅读文学作品的能力和鉴赏水平。

二、课程内容本课程由英国文学和美国文学两个部分组成。

主要内容包括英美文学发展史、及代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。

文学史部分从英美两国历史、语言、文化发展的角度，简要介绍英美两国文学各个历史断代的主要历史背景，文学文化思潮，文学流派，社会政治、经济、文化等对文学发展的影响，主要作家的文学生涯、创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等；选读部分主要节选了英美文学史上各个时期重要作家的代表作品，包括诗歌、戏剧、小说、散文等。

三、考核目标及考核要求本课程的考试要求为全日制普通高等学校英语语言文学专业《英美文学选读》课程的结业水平。

除绪论部分外，大纲对其它部分均一一列出知识点，并提出具体的考核要求。

其中，凡要求“识记”的内容，所涉及的知识和理论都与考核点直接相关，应考者应熟知其概念和有关知识，理解其原理，并能在语言环境中予以辨认。

凡要求“领会”的内容，必须做到掌握有关知识和理论。

凡要求“应用”的内容，必须做到在掌握有关知识理论的基础上使之转化为能力，即能用有关知识和理论来分析解决英美文学中的相关问题，并指导作品的阅读。

凡要求“一般识记”的内容，所涉及的知识和理论，一般不直接作为考核时命题的内容，但由于这些内容对于其它相关知识理论以及作品阅读能力的考核有直接或间接的影响，因此要求应考者在自学过程中对这些内容要有所了解，不应忽略。

Richard B. Sheridan

The Critic
• The Critic, an afterpiece designed to be presented after a full-length未经删节的 play, is the work of a writer thoroughly familiar with the theater world; it is a broad satire on contemporary playwrights and their critics. Sheridan's two major trademarks are his incisively 激烈地 exaggerated characters and amusing twists 曲折 of plot. From the name of Mrs. Malaprop用词错误可笑的, a humorous character in the early play The Rivals, derives the widely used term malapropism词语误用, meaning the absurd misapplication of a long word.
Works:
• Richard Brinsley Sheridan is chiefly known as a playwright.
• Two plays: • The Rivals(情敌) • The School of Scandal.（造谣学校）
The Rivals (1774)
• The heroine Lydia莉迪亚 comes from an upper-class family. Lydia is a sentimental girl. She often dreams to elope私奔 with a poor young man. Captain Absolute loves Lydia. He is a Baron男爵. He pretends to be a poor young man to win the heart of Lydia. However, Lydia’s aunt is a rich woman. She refuses the proposal made by Captain Absolute. Captain Absolute’s father makes a proposal to Lydia’s aunt. The father reveals the real identity身份 of his son so the aunt accepts the proposal. When Lydia knows the identity of Captain Absolute, she is disillusioned醒悟. She finally realized that romance is not realistic.

英国作家Richard Sheridan 生平及作品介绍

Dublin都柏林
Ireland
House
Grafton Street
Education
• In 1758, Sheridan moved permanently to England when he was age seven.
• From 1762 to 1768, he was a pupil at Harrow School outside London.
Born
• In 1751, Richard Sheridan was born inDublin, Ireland, where his family had a house on Dorset Street.
• While in Dublin Sheridan attended the English Grammar School in Grafton Street.
• The Memoirs of Sidney Biddulph《西德尼比达尔夫回忆录》is Frances Sheridan‘s most successful novel (1761).
• And she had two plays produced in London in the early 1760s.
Later Years
• In 1809, The Drury Lane Theater was burn in a fire. His financial support was cut off.
• 1812 His political career ended. He had no money to afford the election
• His last years were harassed厌倦的 by debt and disappointment.

理查德·布林斯利·谢利丹

Dublin
• u=3891653525,4028087449&fm=21&gp=0 .jpg
Major works
1 The Rivals《情敌》 ----a witty comedy 2 The School for Scandal 《造谣学校》
-----a fine comedy of manners
Sir Peter Teazle, misled by Lady Sneerwell and Joseph, assumes that Charles is the person flirting with his young wife. One day, while Lady Teazle and Joseph are on the verge of committing adultery, Sir Peter returns home. Lady Teazle is forced to hide behind the screen. Then quite by accident, Charles shows up. Sir Peter hides himself with a view to catching the adulterer on the spot. Charles rushes in and he knocks down the screen. Everything comes to light.
Richard Brinsley Sheridan
(理查德· 布林斯利· 谢利丹 1751—1816)
Brief introduction
Irish-born playwright (剧作家) poet long-term owner of the London Theatre Royal, Drury Lane (伦敦杜雷利里皇家剧院)

西方流传百年英文名著《哈佛经典》全套50册共136本下载

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众多经典，流传至今千百年，世界著名大学校长精心推荐，也备受中国著名学者胡适，赵元任的推崇。

第1卷His Autobiography, by Benjamin Franklin 《富兰克林自传》 [美]本杰明·富兰克林/著【英文版+中文版下载】Journal, by John Woolman 《约翰·伍尔曼日记》[美] 约翰·伍尔曼/著【英文版+中文版下载】Fruits of Solitude, by William Penn 《痛思录》[美]威廉·配恩/著【英文版在线阅读】第2卷The Apology, Phado and Crito of Plato 《柏拉图对话录：辩解篇、菲多篇、克利多篇》[希腊]柏拉图/著【英文版下载】The Golden Sayings of Epictetus 《爱比克泰德金言录》[希腊] 爱比克泰德/著【英文版下载】The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius 《沉思录》 [罗马] 马库思·奥勒留/著【英文版下载】【中文版下载】第3卷Essays, Civil and Moral & The New Atlantis, by Francis Bacon 《培根论说文集及新阿特兰蒂斯》 [英]弗兰西斯·培根/著【培根论说集下载】【新阿特兰蒂斯下载】Areopagitica & Tractate on Education, by John Milton 《米尔顿论出版自由与教育》 [英]约翰·米尔顿/著【米尔顿论出版自由】【米尔顿论教育】Religio Medici, by Sir Thomas Browne 《虔诚的医生》 [英]托马斯·布朗爵士【英文版下载】第4卷Complete Poems Written in English, by John Milton 《约翰·米尔顿英文诗全集》 [英]约翰·米尔顿/著【英文版下载】第5卷Essays and English Traits, by Ralph Waldo Emerson 《爱默生文集》[美]拉夫·沃尔多·爱默生/著【英文版在线阅读】第6卷Poems and Songs, by Robert Burns 《伯恩斯诗歌集》 [苏格兰]罗伯特·伯恩斯/著【英文版下载】第7卷The Confessions of Saint Augustine 《忏悔录》圣奥古斯丁/著【英文版下载】The Imitation of Christ, by Thomas à Kempis 《效法基督》托玛斯·坎皮斯/著【英文版在线阅读】第8卷Agamemnon, The Libation-Bearers, The Furies & Prometheus Bound of Aeschylus 【阿伽门农下载】【奠酒人下载】【The Furies在线阅读】【被缚的普罗米修斯下载】Oedipus the King & Antigone of Sophocles 【奥狄普斯之王下载】【俄狄浦斯三部曲含安提戈涅】Hippolytus & The Baccha of Euripides 【希波吕托斯在线】【酒神的伴侣下载】The Frogs of Aristophanes 【英文版下载】第9卷On Friendship, On Old Age & Letters, by Cicero 《论友谊、论老年及书信集》[罗马]西塞罗/著【论友谊在线阅读】【论老年在线阅读】【西塞罗书信集在线阅读】Letters, by Pliny the Younger 《书信集》[罗马]（小）普林尼/著【英文版下载】第10卷Wealth of Nations, by Adam Smith 《国富论》[英]亚当·斯密/著【英文版下载】第11卷The Origin of Species, by Charles Darwin 《物种起源论》[英]查尔斯·达尔文/著【英文版下载】第12卷Lives, by Plutarch 《比较列传》[希腊]普卢塔克/著【英文版下载】第13卷AEneid, by Vergil 《伊尼亚德》[罗马]维吉尔/著【英文版下载】第14卷Don Quixote, Part 1, by Cervantes 《唐吉珂德》[西班牙]塞万提斯/著【英文版下载】第15卷The Pilgrim "s Progress, by John Bunyan 《天路历程》[英]班扬/著【英文版下载】The Lives of Donne and Herbert, by Izaak Walton 《多恩与赫伯特生平》[英]艾萨克·沃顿/著【英文版下载】第16卷One Thousand and One Nights / Arabian Nights Entertainments 《一千零一夜，又名天方夜谭》[英]爱德华·威廉·兰讷/译【英文版下载】第17卷Fables, by Aesop 《伊索寓言》【英文版下载】Household Tales, by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 《格林童话全集》【英文版下载】Tales, by Hans Christian Andersen 《安徒生童话全集》【英文版下载】第18卷All for Love, by John Dryden 《爱的咏叹调》约翰·德莱顿【英文版下载】The School for Scandal, by Richard Brinsley Sheridan 《造谣学习》谢里丹【英文版下载】She Stoops to Conquer, by Oliver Goldsmith 《屈伸求爱》歌德史密斯【英文版下载】The Cenci, by Percy Bysshe Shelley 《倩契》雪莱【雪莱诗集下载含The Cenci】A Blot in the ’Scutcheon, by Robert Bro wning 《纹章上的斑点》勃郎宁【英文版下载】Manfred, by Lord Byron 《曼弗雷德》拜伦【英文版下载】第19卷Faust, Part I, Egmont & Hermann and Dorothea, by J.W. von Goethe 《浮士德（第一幕）》 [德]歌德/著【英文版下载】Dr. Faustus, by Christopher Marlowe 《浮士德博士》 [英] 克里思托福·马洛/著【英文版下载】第20卷The Divine Comedy, by Dante Alighieri 《神曲》[意]但丁/著【英文版下载】第21卷I Promessi Sposi, by Alessandro Manzoni 《许婚的爱人》[意]曼佐尼/著【英文版在线阅读】第22卷The Odyssey of Homer 《奥德赛》[希腊]荷马/著【英文版下载】第23卷Two Years before the Mast, by Richard Henry Dana, Jr. 《两年水手生涯》[美]（小）达纳/著【英文版下载】第24卷On Taste, On the Sublime and Beautiful, Reflections on the French Revolution & A Letter to a Noble Lord, by Edmund Burke 《伯克文集》 [英]爱德蒙·伯克/著【英文版在线阅读】第25卷Autobiography & On Liberty, by John Stuart Mill 《穆勒文集》约翰·斯图亚特·穆勒/著【英文版在线阅读】Characteristics, Inaugural Address at Edinburgh & Sir Walter Scott, by Thomas Carlyle 《卡莱尔文集》托马斯·卡莱尔/著【英文版在线阅读】第26卷Life Is a Dream, by Pedro Calderón de la Barca 《人生如梦》卡尔德隆【英文版下载】Polyeucte, by Pierre Corneille 《波利厄克特》高乃依【英文版下载】Phaedra, by Jean Racine 《菲尔德》拉辛【英文版下载】Tartuff e, by Molière 《伪君子》莫里哀【英文版下载】Minna von Barnhelm or The soldier's fortune, by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing 《明娜·冯·巴尔赫姆》莱辛【英文版下载】Wilhelm Tell, by Friedrich von Schiller 《威廉·退尔》席勒【英文版下载】第27卷English Essays: Sidney to Macaulay 《英国名家随笔》【英文版全集在线阅读】Sir Philip Sidney 菲利浦·锡德尼；Ben Jonson 本·简森；Abraham Cowley 亚伯拉罕·考利；Joseph Addison 约瑟夫·爱迪生；Sir Richard Steele里查德·斯迪尔；Jonathan Swift斯威夫特；Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔·笛福；Samuel Johnson 塞缪尔·约翰逊；David Hume休谟；Sydney Smith 西尼·史密斯；Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯勒律治；William Hazlitt 威廉·哈兹利特；Leigh Hunt 韩特；Charles Lamb 兰姆；Thomas De Quincey 德·昆西；Percy Bysshe Shelley 雪莱；Thomas Babington Macaulay 马库莱第28卷Essays: English and American 《英国与美国名家随笔》【英文版全集在线阅读】William Makepeace Thackeray萨克雷；John Henry Newman纽曼；Matthew Arnold阿诺德；John Ruskin罗斯金；Walter Bagehot白芝皓；Thomas Henry Huxley赫胥黎；Edward Augustus Freeman佛里曼；Robert Louis Stevenson 斯蒂文森；William Ellery Channing钱宁；Edgar Allan Poe爱伦.坡；Henry David Thoreau梭罗；James Russell Lowell洛威尔第29卷The Voyage of the Beagle, by Charles Darwin 《比格尔号上的旅行》 [英] 查尔·达尔文/著【英文版下载】第30卷Scientific Papers 《科学论文集：物理学，化学；天文学；地质学》【英文版全集在线阅读】Michael Faraday 法拉第；Hermann von Helmholtz 赫姆霍尔兹；Lord Kelvin 汤姆森；Simon Newcomb 纽科姆；Sir Archibald Geikie盖基/著第31卷The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini 《契里尼自传》[意]本维努托·契里尼/著【英文版下载】第32卷Literary and Philosophical Essays 《文学和哲学名家随笔》【英文版下载】（法国、德国、意大利卷）Michel Eyquem de Montaigne 蒙田；Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve布沃；Ernest Renan勒南；Gotthold Ephraim Lessing 拉辛；J.C. Friedrich von Schiller席勒；Immanuel Kant 康德；Giuseppe Mazzini 马志尼；Byron拜伦；Goethe歌德/著第33卷Voyages and Travels: Ancient and Modern 《古代和现代著名航海与旅行记》【英文版在线阅读】Herodotus 希罗多德；Tacitus 德雷克；Sir Francis Drake 弗朗西斯德雷克 /著第34卷Discourse on Method, by René Descartes 《方法论》【英文版下载】Letters on the English, by Voltaire 《英国书信集》伏尔泰【英文版下载】On the Inequality among Mankind & Profession of Faith of a Savoyard Vicar, by Jean Jacques Rousseau 《论人类不平等的起源与萨瓦副主教的信仰告白》卢梭【英文版下载】Of Man, Being the First Part of Leviathan, by Thomas Hobbes 【英文版在线阅读】《法国和英国著名哲学家》笛卡尔；伏尔泰；罗素；霍布斯/著第35卷The Chronicles of Jean Froissart 《见闻与传奇又名闻见录》傅华萨【英文版下载】The Holy Grail, by Sir Thomas Malory 《圣杯》马洛尼【英文版在线阅读】A Description of Elizabethan England, by William Harrison 【英文版在线阅读】《见闻与传奇》傅华萨；马洛尼；哈里森/著第36卷The Prince, by Niccolo Machiavelli 《君主论》【英文版下载】The Life of Sir Thomas More, by William Roper 《托马斯.莫尔传记》威廉.罗珀【英文版在线阅读】Utopia, by Sir Thomas More 《乌托邦》托马斯·莫尔【英文版下载】The Ninety-Five Thesis, Address to the Christian Nobility & Concerning Christian Liberty, by Martin Luther 【英文版全集在线】第37卷Some Thoughts Concerning Education, by John Locke 《教育漫话》洛克【英文版下载】Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous in Opposition to Sceptics and Atheists, by George Berkeley 【英文版下载】An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, by David Hume 《人类理智研究》休谟【英文版下载】《17、18世纪英国著名哲学家》洛克；伯克利；休谟/著第38卷The Oath of Hippocrates 《The Oath of Hippocrates》希波克拉底【英文版在线阅读】Journeys in Diverse Places, by Ambroise Paré【英文版在线阅读】On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals, by William Harvey 《心血运动论》哈维【英文版下载】The Three Original Publications on Vaccination Against Smallpox, by Edward Jenner 【英文版下载】The Contagiousness of Puerperal Fever, by Oliver Wendell Holmes 【英文版在线阅读】On the Antiseptic Principle of the Practice of Surgery, by Joseph Lister【英文版下载】Scientific Papers, by Louis Pasteur 【英文版在线阅读】Scientific Papers, by Charles Lyell 【英文版下载】《科学论文集：物理学、医学、外科学和地质学》帕雷；哈维；詹纳；霍姆斯；利斯特；巴斯德；赖尔/著第39卷Prefaces and Prologues 【英文版下载】《名著之前言与序言》卡克斯顿；喀尔文；哥白尼；诺克斯；斯宾塞；莱利；培根；第40卷English Poetry I: Chaucer to Gray 【英文版在线阅读】英文诗集（卷I）：从乔叟到格雷第41卷English Poetry II: Collins to Fitzgerald 【英文版在线阅读】英文诗集（卷II）：从科林斯到费兹杰拉德第42卷English Poetry III: Tennyson to Whitman 【英文版在线阅读】英文诗集（卷III）：从丁尼生到惠特曼第43卷American Historical Documents: 1000-1904 【英文版在线阅读】美国历史文件：1000-1904第44卷Confucian: The Sayings of Confucius 《孔子语录》【英文版在线阅读】Hebrew: Job, Psalms & Ecclesiastes 【Job英文版在线阅读】【Psalms英文版在线】【Ecclesiastes英文版在线】Christian I: Luke & Acts 【Luke英文版在线阅读】【Acts英文版在线阅读】圣书（卷一）：孔子；希伯来书；基督圣经（I）第45卷Christian II: Corinthians I & II & Hymns 【Corinthians I & II 英文版在线阅读】【Hymns英文版在线阅读】Buddhist: Writings 【英文版在线阅读】Hindu: The Bhagavad-Gita 《薄伽梵歌》【英文版下载】Mohammedan: Chapters from the Koran 【古兰经全集英文版下载】圣书（卷二）：基督圣经（II）；佛陀；印度教；穆罕默德第46卷Edward the Second, by Christopher Marlowe 《爱德华二世》马洛/著【英文版下载】Hamlet, King Lear, Macbeth & The Tempest, by William Shakespeare 【哈姆雷特英文版下载】【李尔王英文版下载】【麦克白英文版下载】【暴风雨英文版下载】第47卷The Shoemaker's Holiday, by Thomas Dekker 【英文版在线阅读】The Alchemist, by Ben Jonson 《炼金士》本.琼森【英文版下载】Philaster, by Beaumont and Fletcher 《菲拉斯特》博蒙特&佛莱彻【英文版下载】The Duchess of Malfi, by John Webster 《马尔菲公爵夫人》韦伯斯特【英文版下载】A New Way to Pay Old Debts, by Philip Massinger 【英文版在线阅读】伊利莎白时期戏剧（卷II）：德克；约翰逊；博蒙特；佛莱彻；韦伯斯特；马辛加/著第48卷Thoughts, Letters & Minor Works, by Blaise Pascal 【Thoughts of Blaise Pascal在线阅读】【Letters of Blaise Pascal在线阅读】【Minor Works在线阅读】帕斯卡文集帕斯卡/著第49卷Epic & Saga: Beowulf, The Song of Roland, The Destruction of Dá Derga's Hostel & The Story of the Volsungs and Niblungs 【贝奥武夫下载】【罗兰之歌在线阅读】【鞑德嘎旅店的毁灭下载】【沃尔松和尼贝龙根之歌在线阅读】第50卷Lectures on the Harvard Classics 《哈佛经典讲座》【英文版在线阅读】。

谢里丹作品

总体概况
Characters’ introduction The content of the story
Theme
调研方法
Lady Sneerwell: a wealthy young widow, her house has the nickname of “the school of scandal” in British upper society. Becausogue, so she wants to make people suffer the same pain just as hers via spreading various rumors to stain other's fame. And she likes Charles.
.
Charles Surface kind and upright
choose
lover
Sheridan’s famous comedy The School for Scandal, is considered his masterpiece. This play presents a brilliant portrayal of England’s high society and a biting satire on the morals and manners of that age.
Maria: the ward of peter, and she falls in love with Charles though Peter is against their love.
Sir Perter Teazle: an old British aristocrat, he is the guardian of Maria, Joseph and Charles. And he is the friend of Olive. He married a young country girl, that is the lady Teazle. Lady Teazle:the wife of peter, she knows nothing about the bad life styles of upper class originally, but after her wedding, she learns all of them-gossip, luxury and fashion. 第二部分 Sir Oliver Serface:the uncle of Joseph and Charles，he has been in India for a very long time, who has made much money there.

英美文学选读-英国-新古典主义时期-练习题汇总

1.The 18th-ce ntury En gla nd is known as （（浙0710）A. the Age of Purita nism B. the Age of Reas onC. the Era of CapitalismD. the Age of Glory2.En glish En lighte ners in the 18 th century held _______________ a s the yardstick for the measureme nt of all huma n activities and relati ons. （一）1A.propertyB. educati onC. emoti onD. reas on3.In the Enlightenment Movement, the progressive representatives intended ____________ . （浙0810）A.to call the people to fight aga inst poverty and hardshipB.to tell people to econo mize and to accumulate wealthC.to en lighte n the whole world with the light of moder n philosophical and artistic ideasD.to in struct people to obta in their prese nt social status through hard work4.As to education, the enlighteners thought that __________ . （浙0310 ）A.huma n beings were limited, dualistic, imperfect, and not capable of rati on ality and perfecti onthrough educati on.B.uni versal educati on was unn ecessary.C.if the com mon people were well educated, there would be great cha nee for a democraticand equal huma n society.D.most of the human beings were perfect themselves, so only a few needed further education.5.Why did the enlighteners regard education the major means to improve the society and thepeople?（）（浙0710）A.Because most of the human beings were perfect themselves, so only a few needed further educati on.B.If the com mon people were well educated, there would be great cha nee for a democratic and equal huma n society.C.Because universal education was limited , dualistic, imperfect, and unnecessary.D.Because huma n beings were not capable of rati on ality and perfecti on through educati on.6.About reason , the enlighteners thought _________ .（浙0210 ）A.reas on or rati on ality should be the only, the final cause of any huma n thought andactivitiesB.reas on could n't lead to truth and justiceC.superstiti on was above reas on and rati on alityD.equality and scie nee is con trary to reas on and rati on ality7.In the field of literature, the En lighte nment Moveme nt brought about the tendency of （）A.realismB. purita nismC. n eoclassicismD. roma nticism8.Which of the following statements about Neo-Classicism and Enlightenment Movement is true?A.The Enlightenment was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe inthe 17th century .B.Neo-Classicism found its artistic models in the classical literature of the ancient Greekand Roma n writers like Homer, Virgil, Horace, Ovid, etc. and in the con temporary French writers.C.Neo-Classicism put the stress on the classical artistic ideals of order, logic, proportion, spontan eous emoti on, and passi on.D.Satire was much used in writing in the neo-classic works. English literature of this age produced a disti nguished satirist Daniel Defoe.9.Which of the follow ing descripti ons of En lighte nment Moveme nt is NOT true? ()A.It was a progressive in tellectual moveme nt that flourished in Fra nee.B.It was a furthera nee of the Ren aissa nee of the 15th and 16th cen turies.C.The purpose was to enlighten the whole world with modern philosophical and artistic ideas.D.The En lighte ners advocate in dividual educati on. (com mon people )10.The enlighteners placed much emphasis on reason, because they thought ( )(浙0710)A.superstiti on was above reas on and rati on ality.B.reas on and emoti on both could lead to truth and justice.C.reason or rationality should be the only, the final cause of any human thought and activities.D.equality and scie nee is con trary to reas on and rati on ality.11.All of the following statements can correctly describe the Enlightenment Movement EXCEPTA.The moveme nt flourished in Fran ce.B.The moveme nt was a furthera nee of the Ren aissa nee.C.The purpose of the movement was to enlighten the whole world.D.The purpose of the movement was to enhance the religious education.12.As a represe ntative of the En lighte nment, _________ w as one of the first to in troduce rati on alismto En gla nd. (094)A.John Bun yanB. Daniel DefoeC. Alexa nder PopeD. Jon athan Swiftth 13.(The) ( ) was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18ce ntury. (054)A.Roma nticismB. Huma nismC. En lighte nmentD. Sen time ntalism14.According to the neoclassicists, all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classicalworks of the ancient Greek and ___________ writers. (浙0210 )B. BritishD. Roma n15. Which of the following statements is true according to the principles of the neoclassicists?(浙 0801)A. All forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek andRoma n writers.B. They tried to delight, in struct and correct huma n beings as social ani mals.C. They tried to develop a polite, urbane, witty and intellectual art.D. All of the above.16. The neoclassicists did not believe that ( )(浙 0710)A. the literature should be used to delight and in struct huma n bein gs.B. the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy.C. the literary works should be created in depe nden tly and origi nally.D. both A and C17. The great political and social events in the English society of neoclassical period were the follow ing EXCEPT ___________ .(104)A. the Restoration of King Charles II in 1660B. the Great Plague of 1665C. the Great London Fire in 1666D. the Wars of Roses in 1689(1455-1487 )th18. The 18 cen tury wit nessed a new literary form — the moder n En glish no vel, which, con trary to the medieval roma nee, gives a __________ prese ntati on of life of the com mon people. (044)A. roma nticB. realisticC. propheticD. idealistic19. Which of the following terms can be used to refer to the 18th-century English literature?A. The Age of Roma nee.B. The Age of Drama .C. The Age of Prose.D. The Age of Poetry.20. The belief of the eighteenth - century neoclassicists in England led them to seek the following EXCEPT __________ . (104)A. proporti onB. UnityC. harm onyD. spirit21. The British bourgeois or middle class believed in the followi ng notio ns EXCEPT ___________ 094)A. self - esteemB. self - relia neeC. self - restra intD. hard work22. I n the 18th cen tury, the British gover nment was main ly con trolled by two political parties inA. Italia n C. Germa nturn. They are ( ) (浙0801)A.the upper House and the lower House.B.the House of Lords and the House of Represe ntatives.C.the Whigs and the Tories.D.the Sen ate and the House of Represe ntatives.23. Contrary to the traditional romanee of aristocrats, the modern English novel gives a realisticprese ntati on of life of . (084)A. the com mon En glish people C. the rising bourgeoisieB. the upper classD. the enterprising landlords24. The pri ncipal eleme nts of ______________ i n the late eightee nth cen tury are viole nee, horror, and the super natural, which str on gly appeal to reader 'emoti on.( ) (一) 3 (浙0601) A. history no vel B. Gothic no vel C. roma ntic no vel D. sen time ntal no vel25. Graveyard School " writers are the followi ng sen time ntalists EXCEPT ___________ . (094)A. James Thoms onC. William Cowper古墓派诗人一汤姆森-科林斯-库伯B. William Colli ns D. Thomas Jacks on26. The poem Elegy Writte n in a Country Churchyard "墓园挽诗established _____________ as the leaderof the sen time ntal poetry of ()(047)A. Thomas Gray 汤姆斯-曷雷the day , especially the Graveyard School ”.B. Samuel Joh nsonD. John Milt on27. Neoclassicists had some fixed laws and rules for prose EXCEPT ____________________ . (一) 4 ()A. being precise C. being flexibleB. being direct D. being satiric28. In the theatrical world of the neoclassical period, ________________ was the leading figure among thehost of playwrights.A. William BlakeB. Richard Brinsley Sheridan 理查德上匕.谢立丹D . Bernard Shaw29. Richard Brinsley Sheridan was the only English dramatist of the ______________ century. (浙0810)A. sixtee nthB. seve ntee nth (一) 5C. eightee nthD. nin etee nth30. In the last few decades of the 18 cen tury, the n eoclassicism was gradually replaced by __.( 浙0510)A. roma nticism C. moder nismB. critical realism D. n aturalism31. The middle of the 18th century saw a newly rising literary form —( ) (浙0301)A. the moder n En glish novelB. the moder n En glish poetryC. the moder n En glish dramaD. both A and B32. Britain witnessed two major romantic poets in the later half of the 18th century. They are( ) (浙0701 ) A. Joh n Milt on and William Blake (一) 6B. Robert Bur ns and Joh n KeatsC. George Herbert and Joh n DonneD. Robert Burns and William Blake33. ______ was the last greatest n eoclassicist en lighte ner in the later 18 th cen tury. A. Henry Fieldi ng B. Alexa nder PopeC. Richard SteeleD. Samuel Joh nson34. ______ was the last great neoclassicist enlightener in the later eighteenth century. He was very much concerned with the theme of the vanity of human wishes.（）（一） 7 （浙 0901 ）A. William BlakeB. S amuel Joh nsonC. Thomas GrayD. H enry Fielding35. Which of the follow ing authors does not bel ong to the en lighte ners of the 18th cen tury?（浙0701 ）A. Jonathan Swift.B. Walter Scott .C. Daniel Defoe.D. He nry Fieldi ng.Daniel Defoe36. Which of the following is not Daniel Defoe 'works?（浙 0710）A. Gulliver ' Travels Jonathan SwiftB. Captai n Sin glet onC. Moll Fla ndersD. Rob inson Crusoequalities of middle-class menB. religious devoti on D. pioneering spirit（）（一） 8 （浙 0710）B. in depe ndence and stro ng will.（浙 0501）37. In Robinson Crusoe , Daniel Defoe glorifies all the following EXCEPTA. the in dig nity of labourC. loyalty to the king38. In Robinson Crusoe , the writer glorifies A. pride and happ in ess.D. hard work and success.40. The novels of ______________ a re the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower-class people. A. Bunyan C. Fielding41. Defoe 'group of four novels are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower-class people. They are the following EXCEPT ____________________ .（一） 9 （107 ）A. Capta in Sin glet onB. Moll Fla ndersD. Rob inson Crusoe42. Dan iel Defoe, at the age of n early 60, started his first novel ______________________________ ,which is uni versallycon sidered his masterpiece.(浙 0410)A. Rob inson Crusoe B . Moll Fla ndersC. Col on el JackD. Capta in Sin glet on43. Daniel Defoe ' ___________ is uni versally con sidered as his masterpiece. (104)A. Colonel JackB. Robinson CrusoeC. Capta in Sin glet onD. A Journal of the Plague Year44. Daniel Defoe 'works are all the following EXCEPT __________________ . ()A. Moll Fla ndersB. A Tale of a TubC. A Journal of the Plague YearD. Colo nel Jack45. Daniel Defoe describes ______________________ as a typical English Middle- class man of the eighteenthcen tury, the very prototype of the empire builder or the pion eer coloni st.()A. Tom JonesB . GulliverC .Moll FlandersD . Robinson Crusoe46. Daniel Defoe describes ______________ a s a typical English middle — class man of the eighteenth century , the very prototype of the empire builder , the pioneer colonist .()A. Robi nso n CrusoeB. Moll Fla ndersC. GulliverD. Tom Jones47. The hero Robinson Crusoe is a typical( ) man, who has a great capacity for work,39. The lan guage in Robinson Crusoe is （A. easy, smooth and colloquialC. le ngthy and imagi native ）.B. difficult and artificial D. obsce ne and difficult（浙 0310 ）B . DefoeD . SwiftC. Roxanain exhaustible en ergy, courage, patie nee and persiste nee in overco ming obstacles and struggling against the hostile natural environment. (浙0510)A.seve ntee nth-ce ntury En glish upper classB.eightee nth-ce ntury En glish middle classC.seve ntee nth-ce ntury En glish work ing classD.eightee nth-ce ntury En glish lower classth48.The hero Robinson Crusoe is a typical 18 century English middle-calss man who __.( 浙0610)A.has a great capacity for work, in exhaustible en ergy, courage, patie nee and persiste nee in overco ming obstacles and struggli ng aga inst the hostile n atural environment.B.has strong will, but can 'tendure life 'loneliness.C.has a great capacity for work, but is frightened by the hostile natural environment.D.thinks all the people are born equal.49.The hero in Robinson Crusoe is the prototype of ( ) (一) 10 (浙0210)(浙0810 )A. the the n progressive bourgeoisieB. the empire builderC. the pion eer colonistD. all of the above50. In his novel, Robinson Crusoe, Defoe eulogizes the hero of the ____________________ ?(047)A. aristocratic classB. en terpris ing lan dlordsC. rising bourgeoisieD. hard-work ing people51. ________ ,an adve nture story very much in spirit of the time, is uni versally con sidered Defoe 'masterpiece. (浙0501) A. Moll Fla nders B. Colo nel JackC. Rob inson CrusoeD. Roxa na52. Which of the follow ing works best represe nts the n ati onal spirit of the 18 th -ce ntury En gla nd?A. Robinson CrusoeC. Jon athan Wild the GreatB. Gulliver' Travels (044) D. A Sen time ntal Journey53.Crusoe is the hero in The life and Strange Surpris ing Adve ntures of Robinson Grusoe, of York, Mariner (also known as Robinson Crusoe )by . (034)A. Jon athan SwiftB. Da niel DefoeC. George EliotD. wre nee54.All of the following novels by Daniel Defoe are the first literary works devoted to the study ofproblems of the lower-class people EXCEPT __________________ . (084)A. Robinson Crusoe C. Moll FlandersB. Captain Singleton D. Colonel Jack55. Which of the following is NOT Defoe 'work?( ) (浙0401)A. Moll Fla nders C. Silas MarnerB. Colo nel Jack D. Roxa naJon atha n Swift56. Which of the following is true about Jonathan Swift' thoughts as a representative of theenlightenment movement? ( ) (一) 11 (浙0701)A.To better huma n life, en lighte nment is unn ecessary.B.Huma n n ature is simple and n aive.C. Huma n n ature was dest ined and could n 'be cha nged.D.It 'possible to reform and improve huma n n ature and huma n in stituti ons.57.En glish literature of the 18 th cen tury produces some excelle nt satirists, among whom _________________ i sa master satirist.A. Jonathan Swift .B. Henry Fielding D. Thomas Gray58.As a master satirist, Swift 'satire is usually masked by ( ) (一) 12 (浙0710)A. outward gravity and appare nt earn est nessB. appare nt eager ness and sin cerityC. pessimism and bitter nessD. seem in gly gen tle ness and sweet ness59.1 n the book Gulliver 'Travels the hero traveled to the following places except （）（浙0810 ）A. the In dia n Isla ndB. Brobd ingnagC. LilliputD. the Houyh nhnm land6O.ln which of the following works can you find the proper names Lilliput, ” Brobdingnag, ”Houyhnhnm, ” and Yahoo "”（034）A.James Joyce ' Ulsses.B.Charles Dicke ns ' Bleak House.C.Jonathan Swift ' Gulliver 'Travels.D. D. H. Lawrenee ' Women in love.61. Lilliput is ________ in Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift. （浙0301）A.the n ame of the hero who made deep-sea voyagesB.an imagi nary isla nd in habited by people not more tha n six in ches highC. a minor character who accompa nied the hero duri ng his voyagesD.the cou ntry of horses en dowed with huma n in tellige nee62.Brobdingnag is an imaginary island where the inhabitants are _________ . （一）13 （浙0301）A.ten times taller and larger tha n the ord inary huma n beingsB.the horses who are hairy, wild, low and despicableC.the Yahoos who are wise and intelligentD.the small people who are only six inches tall63.The Houyh nhnms depicted by Jon atha n Swift in Gulliver's Travels are _______ .（）A.horses that are en dowed with reas onB.pigmies that are en dowed with admirable qualitiesC.gia nts that are superior in wisdomD.hairy,wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only in appearancebut also in some other ways.64.The Honyhnhnm Land is an imaginary island where ___________ .（浙0501）A.horses are en dowed with reas on and all good and admirable qualities.B.yahoos are gover ning class.C.horses are hairy, wild, low and despicable brutes, who resemble human beings not only in appeara nce but alsoalmost every other way.D.yahoos are possessed of reas on.65.In the Houyh nhnm land, Gulliver found that _________ were hairy, wild, low and despicable bruteswhile _________ a re en dowed with reas on and all good and admirable qualities. （一）14A. the horses ... the YahoosB. the horses ... human beings （浙0710）C. the Yahoos ... the horsesD. the Yahoos ... huma n beings66.In ______________ of Gulliver' Travels, Jon atha n Swift satirizes the wester n civilizati on in clud ingfalse illusi ons about scie nee, philosophy, history and immortality. A . the first voyage to Lilliput小人国-利利普特，仅 6英寸高，B . the sec ondt voyage to Brobdi ngnag 巨人岛-布鲁布丁鲁那可，国王 60英尺C . the third voyage to the Flying Isla nd 飞岛一与世隔绝的世界D . the fourth voyage to Houyh nhnm land 智慧岛一马-高度智慧-圈养YAHOOS67. As a whole, ___________ isone of the most effective and devastating criticisms and satires of all (044)B. Gulliver ' Travels (一) 15D. The School for Scandal68. Which of the followi ng is true about the book Gulliver's Travels ?( )A. It is a study of huma n n ature and life.B. It has high artistic skills in making the story an orga nic whole.C. It makes criticisms and satires of all aspects in the con temporary En glish and Europea n life.D. It is not a book of satire though it is a book of rebellion.69. The social significanee of Gulliver' Travels lies in _________________ . (浙 0210)A. the devastating criticisms and satires of all aspects in the then English and European life.B. his artistic skill in making the story an organic wholeC. his cen tral concern of study of huma n n ature and lifeD. both B and C70. As one of the greatest masters of English prose, ________________ defined a good style as properwords in proper places ”. (084)A . Henry FieldingB . Jonathan Swift (一) 16C. Samuel JohnsonD . Alexander Pope71. Who defined a good style as proper words in proper places? ” (浙0307)A. Jon athan SwiftB. Charles Dicke nsC. Edmu nd Spen cerD. George Bern ard Shaw72. A good style of prose "proper works in proper places ” was defined by ________________ . ()A. Joh n Milt onB. He nry Fieldi ngC. Jon athan SwiftD.T.S. Eliot73. Jonathan Swift 'greatest satiric work is ______________ . A. A Tale of a TubB. The Battle of the BooksC. Gulliver ' TravelsD. A Modest Proposalaspects in the the n En glish and Europea n life—socially, politically, religiously, philosophically,scientifically, and morally. A. Moll Fla nders C. Pilgrim 'Progress74.Jon atha n Swift' s ____________is gen erally regarded as the best model of satire, not only of theperiod but also in the whole En glish literary history. （一）17 （104）A. Gulliver s TravelsB. The Battle of the BooksC. A Modest Proposal ”D. A Tale of a Tub75.The best model of satire in the whole English literary history is Jonathan Swift's ______________ . （094）A. A Modest ProposalB. A Tale of a TubC. Gulliver's TravelsD. The Battle of the Books76.Jonathan Swift is a master satirist in English literature. His A Tale of a Tub is an attack on （）.A. the governmentB. greed （一）18C. the churchD. the abuse of power77. __________________ is a typical feature of Swift's writings. （）A. Bitter satireB. Elegant styleC. Casual narrationD. Complicated sentence structure78.Which of the following is not Swift 'works? （浙0310）A. A Tale of a TubB. The Battle of the BooksC. Gulliver 'TravelsD. Tom Jones79.Henry Fielding is mainly concerned about ___________ in his works. （浙0701）A.the miserable life of the middle-class peopleB.the ordi nary and usually ridiculous life of the com mon peopleC.the special life style of some groupsD.the real life of the upper-class people80. ______ i s gen erally con siered Fieldi ng 'masterpiece. （浙0610）A. Joseph An drewsB. Jon athan Wild the GreatC. Tom JonesD. Gulliver 'Travels82. Of all the eightee nth - cen tury no velists __________ w as the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a comic epic in prose ”， the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.（104）A. He nry Fieldi ng B. Da niel DefoeC. Jon atha n SwiftD. Laure nee Sterneth83.Of all the 18 century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to writespecifically a ___ in prose, "the first to give the modern novel its structureand style. A.tragic epic C.roma nee84 Of the eighteenth-century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to A. in struct the people through his writ ingB. give the moder n no vel its structure and styleC. amuse the people through his worksD. adopt the third-pers on n arrati on85. In Tom Jones , the hero Tom is _________________ in contrast with Blifil who is _______________ .（浙 0301） A. innocent and kind-hearted ... hypocritical and wicked B. hypocritical and wicked ... innocent and kindhearted C. rude and stubbor n ... cunning and speculati ng D. cunning and speculati ng ... rude and stubbor n86. An hon est, kin d-hearted you ng man, who is full of ani mal spirit and lacks prude nee, is expelled from the paradise and has to go through hard experience to gain knowledge of himself and fin ally to have bee n accepted both by a virtuous lady and a rich relative . （一） 20（044）The above sentence may well sum up the theme of Fielding 'work _____________________ . A. Jon athan Wild the Great B. Tom JonesC. The Coffe-House Politicia nD. Amelia87. Henry Fielding adopted __ to relate a story in his novel in which the author becomes theall- knowing God ”.（107）A. the first- pers on n arrati onB. the epistolary formC. the picaresque formD. the third -pers on n arrati on88. Henry Fielding adopted _____________ a s his way to relate the story in a novel. （浙 0601 ）A. the epistolary formB. the picaresque formC. the third-pers on n arrati onD. flashback89. For his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel, ________________ h as beenregarded as Father of the En glish Novel ”.（047）A. He nry Fieldi ngB. Da niel DefoeC. Joh n BunyanD. James Joyce90. For his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel, ___________ has been regarded by some as Father of the English Novel ”.（浙 0301 ）A. Da niel DefoeB. He nry Fieldi ngC. Jon athan SwiftD. Samuel Richards on（）ic epicD.lyric epic（浙 0210）91 . Henry Fielding has been regarded by some as _ _,for his contribution to theestablishment of the form of the modern novel. （浙0310 ）92. Henry Fielding has been regarded as “_ for his contribution to the establishment of theform of the modern ________ . （浙 0810）（浙 0210 ）（浙 0510 ）A. Father of En glish Poetry...poetryB. Father of En glish Novel... novelC. Father of Moder n En glish Poetry...poetryD. Father of Modern En glish Novel... novelIII. Questi ons and An swers （24 points in all, 6 for each ）45. List at least two leading neoclassicists in England. What did Neoclassicists celebrate in literary creation? （094） |（一） 4845. A. Alexa nder Pope, Joh n Dryde n, Samuel Joh nson.B. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity. They seek proporti on, uni ty, harm ony and grace in literary expressi ons, in an effort to delight, in struct and correct huma n bein gs. Thus a polite, elega nt, witty, and in tellectual art developed.IV. Topic Discussi on （20 points in all, 10 for each ）49 . Daniel Defoe ' novel Robinson Crusoe was a great success partly because the protagonist was a real middle-class hero. Discuss Crusoe, the protag onist of the no vel, as an embodime nt of the rising middle-class virtues in the mid-eighteenth century England.（084 ）1. Give a brief comment on the hero in The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe.（浙 0810）1. A. Fieldi ng has bee n regarded as Father of the En glish no vel ”，for his con tributi onto the establishment of the form of the modern novel.B. Of all the eightee nth-ce ntury no velists Field ing was the first to set out, both in theory andpractice, to write specifically a comic epic in prose, ” the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.C. Before him, the relating go a story in a novel was either in the epistolary form （a series ofletters ）, as in Richards on ' Pamela , or the picaresque form （adve nturous wan der ings ） through the mouth of the pr in cipal character, as in Defoe' Robinson Crusoe , but Field ingadopted the third-person narration, ” in which the author becomes the all-knowing God. f D. In planning his stories, he tries to retain the grand epical form of the classical works but atthe same time keeps faithful to his realistic prese ntati on of com mon life as it is.A . Father of the English NovelC . Father of the English Drama B. Father of the English Poetry D. Father of the English Short Story。

英美文学顺口溜

英美文学选读顺口溜英国文学文艺复兴时期：仙后和浮士德博士听多情的牧羊人念14行诗，一首说的是威尼斯商人和哈姆雷特讨论学习，一首说的太阳出来死神不再骄横失去了乐园。

Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙.斯宾赛The Faerie Queen 仙后Christopher Marlowe 克里斯扥夫.马洛Dr Fauctus 浮士德博士The Passionate Shepherd to His Love 多情的牧羊人致情人William Shakespeare 威廉.莎士比亚Sonnets 十四行诗The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人Hamlet 哈姆雷特Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯.培根Of Studies 论学习John Donne 约翰.邓恩The Sun Rising太阳升起Death, Be Not Proud 死神，莫骄横John Milton 约翰.弥尔顿Paradise Lost 失乐园新古典主义时期：天路批评鲁宾逊去格列弗旅游没带汤姆琼斯，吉士菲尔伯爵说这是学校的丑闻还写了挽歌。

John Bunyan 约翰.班杨The Pilgrim’s Progress 天路历程Alexander Pope 亚历山大.蒲伯On Criticism 论批评Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔.笛弗Robinson Crusoe 鲁宾逊漂流记Jonathan Swift 乔纳森.斯威特Gulliver’s Travels 格列佛游记Henry Fielding 亨利.菲尔丁Tom Jones 汤姆.琼斯Samuel Johnson 赛缪尔.约翰逊To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chesterfield 致可敬的吉士菲尔伯爵书Richard Brinsley Sheridan 理查德.比.谢立丹The School of Scandal 造谣学校Thomas Gray 扥马斯.格雷Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard墓园挽歌浪漫主义时期：扫烟囱的唱天真和经验给老虎，还在丁登寺旁朗诵抒情歌谣集，而忽必烈汉却在为卢德派歌唱，唐璜哀希腊于是唱英国人民歌，西风吹把他们送到希腊看古瓮,我对他们绝对没有傲慢与偏见。

浅析《情敌》中谢里丹的语言观与感伤观

专题 SPECIAL TOPIC 浅析《情敌》中谢里丹的语言观与感伤观吴明红摘要：理查德·布林斯利·谢里丹（Richard Brinsley Sheridan，1751-1816年），18世纪英国著名的剧作家和政治家。

作为英国的戏剧大师，他睿智、严谨得继承了17世纪王政复辟时期风尚喜剧，有着其融会贯通的独有的戏剧风格统。

谢里丹因《情敌》（1775年）和《造谣学校》（1777年）两部戏剧而著称，采用了精巧的设计情节，机敏的对话和丰富的人物特征设计，表现出与同时代作品迥然不同的艺术特色，给处于缺乏生机的十八世纪文学增添了活力。

谢里丹的作品，尤其是语言的设计使用是独特而精巧的，本文通过谢里丹的《情敌》来分析其中的语言艺术。

关键词：情敌；语言观；感伤观一、生平与创作背景谢里丹生于都柏林，父亲托马斯·谢里丹是一名演员，也是一名作家，母亲是佛朗西斯·谢里丹，也是一名作家。

随后一家人搬到英格兰居住。

自1780至1812年间谢里丹是议会的一员。

他倡导和平，并以其雄辩的演讲风格被大家赞誉。

他的作品《情敌》，于1775年在柯文特花园剧场上演。

也由此开启了他的戏剧创作生涯。

18世纪早期，英国的古典喜剧已经走向衰微，感伤喜剧成为当时的盛行喜剧，而谢里丹，他是一个反潮流的领导者，他一方面尖锐的讽刺十八世纪伦敦上层社会的不良感伤习气，同时也宣扬了自然人性的伦理思想。

在谢里丹的第一部喜剧中，语言和手势的重要性甚至在戏剧开始之前就以其不同寻常的对话形势微妙地表现了出来。

这种对话形式出现在第一晚的开场白中，它唤起人们对话语舞台的注意，这是一个语言和手势交汇的舞台。

二、《情敌》的简述戏剧剧情的发展紧紧围绕两条线索展开，第一条围绕杰克·阿布所鲁特上尉和莉迪亚小姐的爱情，莉迪亚家境富裕，喜欢阅读当时浪漫的言情伤感文学作品，深受其影响，而杰克·阿布所鲁特上尉为投其所好，为了这份爱情，故意隐瞒降低爵位，营造其伤感的气氛向莉迪亚小姐求爱，并获得了同意，后来虽然被识破，但经过曲折感伤的故事情节的发展，莉迪亚清楚的认识到爱情的真谛，放弃了她的爱情观念，和杰克和好如初。

Richard-Brinsley-Sheridan

Bob Acres
Absolute
Mrs. Malaprop, Lydia’s aunt, a famous comic character .she often uses words incorrectly .
e.g: she says “epitaph(墓志铭)”instead of “epithet(绰号)”
ⅲ.1775-first comedy The Rivals was produced at Covent Garden Theatre in London
ⅳAfter it ,several plays
Masterpiece:The School for Scandal (1777)
ⅴ.1776-manager of Drury Lane Theatre ⅵ1780-went in for politics ;a Whig M.P.(辉格党议员)
ⅶLater years –sad the death of his wife(1792) the loss of Drury Theatre by a fire(1809) ⅷ1816-died in neglect and ruin
Major works
The Rivals The School for Scandal
From her is derived the term “malapropism”(文字误用；词语荒唐误用)
It has been called a great comedy of manners（风俗喜剧）. It gives brilliant portrayal and biting satire of English high society.
Ward（养女）

英国文学发展概述(3)