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四川省泸州市泸县部分高中2022-2023学年高三上学期12月第三次月考数学(文科)试题(解析版)

泸县2020级高三（上）第三次学月考试数学（文史类）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑．如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号．回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3．本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟．考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。

一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1．已知集合22{|log (6)},{|15}A x y x x B x x ==+-=<≤，则A B =A ．(,3)(2,)-∞-+∞B ．[1,5]C ．(2,5]D ．(1,5]2．若2i1ix -+是纯虚数，则|i |x += A ．22B ．22-C ．5D ．5-3．某旅游城市为向游客介绍本地的气温情况，绘制了一年中各月平均最高气温和平均最低气温的雷达图．图中A 点表示十月的平均最高气温约为15℃，B 点表示四月的平均最低气温约为5℃．下面叙述不正确的是A ．各月的平均最低气温都在0℃以上B ．七月的平均温差比一月的平均温差大C ．三月和十一月的平均最高气温基本相同D ．平均最高气温高于20℃的月份有5个4．下列双曲线中，焦点在y 轴上且渐近线方程为2y x =±的是 A ．22=14y x -B ．22=14x y -C ．22=14y x -D ．22=14x y -5．函数2||2x y x e =-在[]–2,2的图象大致为A ．B ．C ．D ．6．设n S 为等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和，834S a =，72a =-，则9a =A ．-6B ．-4C ．-2D ．27．若连续抛掷两次质地均匀的骰子，得到的点数分别为m ，n ，则满足2225+<m n 的概率是A ．12 B ．1336 C ．49 D ．5128．已知1sin 22α=，π0,4⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭α，则sin cos αα-=（）A B ． C ．12 D ．12-9．设函数()y f x =，x R ∈，“()y f x =是偶函数”是“()y f x =的图象关于原点对称”A ．充分不必要条件B ．必要不充分条件C ．充要条件D ．既不充分也不必要条件 10．某种绿茶泡茶的最佳水温为85℃，饮茶的最佳温度为60℃．在标准大气压下，水沸腾的温度为100℃．把水煮沸后，在其冷却的过程中，只需要在最佳温度对应的时间泡茶、饮茶，就能喝到一杯好茶．根据牛顿冷却定律，一个物体温度的变化速度与这一物体的温度和所在介质温度的差值成比例，物体温度()f t 与时间t 的函数关系式为()()()00001tf t C T C a a =+-<<，其中0C 为介质温度，0T 为物体初始温度．为了估计函数中参数a 的值，某试验小组在介质温度024.3C =℃和标准大气压下，收集了一组数据，同时求出对应a0，则泡茶和饮茶的最佳时间分别是（）（结果精确到个位数）参考数据：lg0.8020.095≈-，lg0.4720.326≈-，lg91.7 1.962≈．A ．3min ，9min B ．3min ，8min C ．2min ，8min D ．2min ，9min11．ABC 中已知tan tan tan tan tan tan A B C A B C ⋅⋅=++且34A B π+=，则(1tan )(1tan )A B --=A ．-2B ．2C ．-1D ．1 12．已知44354,log 5,log 43x y z ⎛⎫=== ⎪⎝⎭，则x ､y ､z 的大小关系为（）A ．y x z >>B ．x y z >>C ．z x y >>D ．x z y >>二、填空题：本大题共4个小题，每小题5分，共20分．13．假定生男孩和生女孩是等可能的，某家庭有两个小孩，如果已经知道这个家庭有女孩，则这个两个小孩都是女孩的概率是__________.14．某学生在研究函数()3f x x x =-时，发现该函数的两条性质：①是奇函数；②单调性是先增后减再增.该学生继续深入研究后发现将该函数乘以一个函数()g x 后得到一个新函数()()()h x g x f x =，此时()h x 除具备上述两条性质之外，还具备另一条性质：③()00h '=.写出一个符合条件的函数解析式()g x =__________.15．陀螺的主体形状一般是由上面部分的圆柱和下面部分的圆锥组成，以前的制作材料多为木头，现在多为塑料或铁，玩耍时可用绳子缠绕用力抽绳，使其直立旋转；或利用发条的弹力使其旋转，图中画出的是某陀螺模型的三视图，已知网格纸中小正方形的边长为1，则该陀螺模型的体积为______.16．已知函数()()π2sin 0,2f x x ωϕωϕ⎛⎫=+>< ⎪⎝⎭的部分图像如图所示，则满足()()π5π0312f x f f x f ⎡⎤⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫--> ⎪ ⎪⎢⎥⎢⎥⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦⎣⎦的最小正整数x 的值为_______．三、解答题：共70分．解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．第17~21题为必考题，每个试题考生都必须答．第22、23题为选考题，考生根据要求作答．（一）必做题：共60分．17．（12分）2022年6月17日，我国第三艘航空母舰“中国人民解放军海军福建舰”下水试航，这是我国完全自主设计建造的首艘弹射型航空母舰，采用平直通长飞行甲板，配置电磁弹射和阻拦装置，满载排水量8万余吨．“福建舰”的建成，下水及试航，是新时代中国强军建设的重要成果．某校为纪念“福建舰”下水试航，增强学生的国防意识，组织了一次国防知识竞赛，共有100名学生参赛，成绩均在区间[]50,100上，现将成绩制成如图所示频率分布直方图（每组均包括左端点，最后一组包括右端点）．(1)学校计划对成绩不低于平均分的参赛学生进行奖励，若同一组中的数据用该组区间的中点值为代表，试求受奖励的分数线的估计值；(2)对这100名参赛学生的成绩按参赛者的性别统计，成绩不低于80分的为“良好”，低于80分的为“不良好”得到如下未填写完整的列联表．（ⅰ）将列联表填写完整；（ⅱ）是否有95%以上的把握认为参赛学生的成绩是否良好与性别有关？附：()()()()()22n ad bc K a b c d a c b d -=++++．18．（12分）如图，正方形ABCD 和直角梯形BEFC 所在平面互相垂直，,BE BC BE CF ⊥∥，且2,3AB BE CF ===.(1)证明：AE 平面DCF ；良好不良好合计男 48 女 16 合计()2P K k ≥0.050 0.010 0.001k3.841 6.635 10.828(2)求四面体F ACE -的体积.19.（12分）已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，且对任意的*n ∈N 有23n n S a n =+-.(1)证明：数列{}1n a -为等比数列； (2)求数列11n n a a +⎧⎫⎨⎬-⎩⎭的前n 项和n T .20．（12分）已知椭圆C ：()2222 1x y a b c a b +=>>()2,1P ． (1)求C 的方程；(2)若A ，B 是C 上两点，直线AB 与曲线222x y +=相切，求AB 的取值范围． 21．（12分）已知函数()()ln 1f x x a x x =--- (1)若0a =，求()f x 的极小值 (2)讨论函数()f x '的单调性；(3)当2a =时，证明：()f x 有且只有2个零点.（二）选做题：共10分．请考生在第22、23题中任选一题作答．如果多做，则按所做的第一题记分． 22．（10分）选修4-4：坐标系与参数方程在直角坐标系xOy 中，点A 是曲线1C ：22(2)4x y -+=上的动点，满足2OB OA =的点B 的轨迹是2C . （1）以坐标原点O 为极点，x 轴的正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系，求曲线1C ，2C 的极坐标方程；（2）直线l 的参数方程是1cos sin x t y t αα=-+⎧⎨=⎩(t 为参数)，点P 的直角坐标是()1,0-，若直线l 与曲线2C 交于M ，N 两点，当线段PM ，MN ，PN 成等比数列时，求cos α的值.23．（10分）选修4-5：不等式选讲已知a ，b ，R c ∈，且2223a b c ++=. (1)求证：3a b c ++≤；(2)若不等式()2121x x a b c -++≥++对一切实数a ，b ，c 恒成立，求x 的取值范围.2023届四川省泸县高三上学期第三学月考试数学（文）试题一、单选题1．已知集合22{|log (6)},{|15}A x y x x B x x ==+-=<≤，则A B =（）A ．(,3)(2,)-∞-+∞B ．[1,5]C ．(2,5]D ．(1,5]【答案】C【分析】利用对数函数的定义域化简集合A ，再根据集合交集的定义求解即可. 【详解】由对数函数的定义域可得2603x x x +->⇒<-或2x >，所以{|3A x x =<-或2}x >，所以{|25}A B x x ⋂=<≤，故选：C. 2．若2i1ix -+是纯虚数，则|i |x +=（） A ．22 B ．22-C ．5D ．5-【答案】C【分析】根据复数的除法运算，复数的概念，可得复数，即可求解复数的模.【详解】解：2i(2i)(1i)22i 1i (1i)(1i)22x x xx ----+==-++-，因为2i1ix -+是纯虚数，所以2x =，则22i 2i 215x +=+=+=.故选：C ．3．某旅游城市为向游客介绍本地的气温情况，绘制了一年中各月平均最高气温和平均最低气温的雷达图．图中A 点表示十月的平均最高气温约为15℃，B 点表示四月的平均最低气温约为5℃．下面叙述不正确的是A ．各月的平均最低气温都在0℃以上B ．七月的平均温差比一月的平均温差大C ．三月和十一月的平均最高气温基本相同D ．平均最高气温高于20℃的月份有5个【答案】D【详解】试题分析：由图可知各月的平均最低气温都在0℃以上，A 正确；由图可知在七月的平均温差大于7.5C ︒，而一月的平均温差小于7.5C ︒，所以七月的平均温差比一月的平均温差大，B 正确；由图可知三月和十一月的平均最高气温都大约在10C ︒，基本相同，C 正确；由图可知平均最高气温高于20℃的月份有7，8两个月，所以不正确．故选D ．【解析】统计图【易错警示】解答本题时易错可能有两种：（1）对图形中的线条认识不明确，不知所措，只觉得是两把雨伞重叠在一起，找不到解决问题的方法；（2）估计平均温差时易出现错误，错选B ．4．下列双曲线中，焦点在y 轴上且渐近线方程为2y x =±的是 A ．22=14y x -B ．22=14x y -C ．22=14y x -D ．22=14x y -【答案】C【详解】试题分析：焦点在y 轴上的是C 和D ，渐近线方程为ay x b=±，故选C ．【解析】1．双曲线的标准方程；2．双曲线的简单几何性质．5．函数2||2x y x e =-在[]–2,2的图象大致为（）A ．B ．C ．D ．【答案】D【详解】试题分析：函数2||()2x f x x e =-|在[–2,2]上是偶函数，其图象关于y 轴对称，因为22(2)8e ,08e 1f =-<-<，所以排除,A B 选项；当[]0,2x ∈时，4x y x e '=-有一零点，设为0x ，当0(0,)x x ∈时，()f x 为减函数，当0(,2)x x ∈时，()f x 为增函数．故选：D.6．设n S 为等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和，834S a =，72a =-，则9a = A ．-6 B ．-4 C ．-2 D ．2【答案】A【详解】由已知得()11187842,{26 2.a d a d a d ⨯+=++=- 解得110,{2.a d ==-91810826a a d ∴=+=-⨯=-．故选A ．【解析】等差数列的通项公式和前n 项和公式．7．若连续抛掷两次质地均匀的骰子，得到的点数分别为m ，n ，则满足2225+<m n 的概率是（） A ．12 B ．1336 C ．49D ．512【答案】B【分析】利用列举法列出所有可能结果，再根据古典概型的概率公式计算可得.【详解】解：设连续投掷两次骰子，得到的点数依次为m 、n ，两次抛掷得到的结果可以用(,)m n 表示，则结果有(1,1)，(1,2)，(1,3)，(1,4)，(1,5)，(1,6)， (2,1)，(2,2)，(2,3)，(2,4)，(2,5)，(2,6)，(3,1)，(3,2)，(3,3)，(3,4)，(3,5)，(3,6)， (4,1)，(4,2)，(4,3)，(4,4)，(4,5)，(4,6)，(5,1)，(5,2)，(5,3)，(5,4)，(5,5)，(5,6)， (6,1)，(6,2)，(6,3)，(6,4)，(6,5)，(6,6)，共有36种．其中满足2225+<m n 有：(1,1)，(1,2)，(1,3)，(1,4)，(2,1)，(2,2)，(2,3)，(2,4)，(3,1)，(3,2)，(3,3)，(4,1)，(4,2)，共13种，所以满足2225+<m n 的概率1336P =．故选：B8．已知1sin 22α=，π0,4⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭α，则sin cos αα-=（）A ．2B ．2-C ．12D ．12-【答案】B【分析】根据正弦的二倍角公式即可求解. 【详解】1sin22=α11sin212sin co 2s ∴-=-=ααα，即221sin 2sin cos cos 2-+=αααα， ()21sin cos 2∴-=αα， π0,4⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭α，sin cos ∴<αα，即sin cos 0-<αα，则sin cos -=αα 故选：B9．设函数()y f x =，x R ∈，“()y f x =是偶函数”是“()y f x =的图象关于原点对称” A ．充分不必要条件 B ．必要不充分条件 C ．充要条件 D ．既不充分也不必要条件【答案】B【分析】“y ＝f （x ）的图象关于原点对称”，x ∈R ，可得y ＝|f （x ）|是偶函数．反之不成立，例如f （x ）＝x 2．【详解】“y ＝f （x ）的图象关于原点对称”，x ∈R ，可得y ＝|f （x ）|是偶函数．反之不成立，例如f （x ）＝x 2，满足y ＝|f （x ）|是偶函数，x ∈R ．因此，“y ＝|f （x ）|是偶函数”是“y ＝f （x ）的图象关于原点对称”的必要不充分条件．故选B ．【点睛】本题考查了函数的奇偶性、简易逻辑的判定方法，考查了推理能力与计算能力，属于基础题． 10．某种绿茶泡茶的最佳水温为85℃，饮茶的最佳温度为60℃．在标准大气压下，水沸腾的温度为100℃．把水煮沸后，在其冷却的过程中，只需要在最佳温度对应的时间泡茶、饮茶，就能喝到一杯好茶．根据牛顿冷却定律，一个物体温度的变化速度与这一物体的温度和所在介质温度的差值成比例，物体温度()f t 与时间t 的函数关系式为()()()00001tf t C T C a a =+-<<，其中0C 为介质温度，0T 为物体初始温度．为了估计函数中参数a 的值，某试验小组在介质温度024.3C =℃和标准大气压下，收集了一组数据，同时求出对应参数a 的值，如下表，现取其平均值作为参数a 的估计值，假设在该试验条件下，水沸腾的时刻为0，则泡茶和饮茶的最佳时间分别是（）（结果精确到个位数）参考数据：lg0.8020.095≈-，lg0.4720.326≈-，lg91.7 1.962≈．A ．3min ，9min B ．3min ，8min C ．2min ，8min D ．2min ，9min【答案】A【分析】根据给定条件，求出参数a 的估计值，再利用给定模型分别求出泡茶和饮茶的最佳时间作答. 【详解】依题意，0.90450.91220.91830.92270.9271(53)0.917a ++++==，而024.3C =，0100T =，则()24.3(10024.3)0.24.9170.917375.7t t f t =+⨯=+-⨯，当85t =时，24.375.70.98517t +⨯=，有8524.30.80275.70.917t-=≈，lg 0.8020.0953lg 0.917 1.9622t -==≈-，当60t =时，24.375.70.96017t +⨯=，有6024.30.47275.70.917t-=≈，lg 0.4720.3269lg 0.917 1.9622t -==≈-，所以泡茶和饮茶的最佳时间分别是3min ，9min. 故选：A11．ABC 中已知tan tan tan tan tan tan A B C A B C ⋅⋅=++且34A B π+=，则(1tan )(1tan )A B --=（） A ．-2 B ．2C ．-1D ．1【答案】B【分析】根据tan 1C =进行化简整理即可求得(1tan )(1tan )A B --的值. 【详解】由题意得4C π=，则有tan tan tan tan 1A B A B ⋅=++ ,整理得：()()tan 1tan 12A B --=，()()1tan 1tan 2A B --= 故选：B12．已知44354,log 5,log 43x y z ⎛⎫=== ⎪⎝⎭，则x ､y ､z 的大小关系为（） A ．y x z >> B ．x y z >> C ．z x y >> D ．x z y >>【答案】D【分析】作商，由对数的性质、运算及基本不等式可比较出z y >，再由4334log 33=，可比较出43与z 的大小即可得出,x z 的大小关系. 【详解】43log 51,log 41y z =>=>，(()2222444444443log 5log 5log 3log 15log 5log 3log log 41log 422y z +⎛⎫⎛⎫∴==⋅≤==<= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，即z y >，4334log 33=，而344333381464⎛⎫==>= ⎪⎝⎭， 43334log 3log 43∴=>，又514444333⎛⎫⎛⎫=< ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭， x z ∴>，综上，x z y >>，故选：D二、填空题13．假定生男孩和生女孩是等可能的，某家庭有两个小孩，如果已经知道这个家庭有女孩，则这个两个小孩都是女孩的概率是__________. 【答案】13【分析】首先列出样本空间，再判断题目为条件概率，然后根据条件概率的公式求解概率即可.【详解】观察两个小孩的性别，用b 表示男孩，g 表示女孩，则样本空间{},,,bb bg gb gg Ω= ，且所有样本点是等可能的.用A 表示事件“选择的家庭中有女孩”，B 表示事件“选择的家庭中两个小孩都是女孩”，则{},,A bg gb gg =,{}B gg =.“在选择的家庭有女孩的条件下，两个小孩都是女孩”的概率就是“在事件A 发生的条件下，事件B 发生”的概率，记为()|P B A .此时A 成为样本空间，事件B 就是积事件AB .根据古典概型知识可知，()()()1|3n A P A B n A B ==. 故答案为：1314．某学生在研究函数()3f x x x =-时，发现该函数的两条性质：①是奇函数；②单调性是先增后减再增.该学生继续深入研究后发现将该函数乘以一个函数()g x 后得到一个新函数()()()h x g x f x =，此时()h x 除具备上述两条性质之外，还具备另一条性质：③()00h '=.写出一个符合条件的函数解析式()g x =__________.【答案】2x （答案不唯一）【分析】由题意可知()g x 为常函数或为偶函数，然后分别令()1g x =或2()g x x =进行验证即可【详解】因为()3f x x x =-为奇函数，()()()h x g x f x =为奇函数，所以()g x 为常函数或为偶函数，当()1g x =时，()3h x x x =-，则'2()31h x x =-，此时'(0)10h =-≠，所以 ()1g x =不合题意，当2()g x x =时，53()h x x x =-，因为5353()()()()()h x x x x x h x -=---=--=-，所以()h x 为奇函数，'42()53h x x x =-，由'()0h x >，得155x <-或155x >，由'()0h x <，得151555x -<<，所以()h x 的增区间为15,5⎛⎫-∞- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭和15,5⎛⎫+∞ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，减区间为1515,55⎛⎫- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，所以()h x 为先增后减再增，因为()00h '=，所以2()g x x =满足题意，故答案为：2x （答案不唯一）15．陀螺的主体形状一般是由上面部分的圆柱和下面部分的圆锥组成，以前的制作材料多为木头，现在多为塑料或铁，玩耍时可用绳子缠绕用力抽绳，使其直立旋转；或利用发条的弹力使其旋转，图中画出的是某陀螺模型的三视图，已知网格纸中小正方形的边长为1，则该陀螺模型的体积为______.【答案】32333π+ 【分析】根据三视图可知该陀螺模型的直观图，然后根据几何体的体积公式，简单计算，可得结果. 【详解】依题意，该陀螺模型由一个四棱锥、一个圆柱以及一个圆锥拼接而成，如图故所求几何体的体积2211442333233ππ=⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯V 即32333π=+V . 故答案为：32333π+ 【点睛】本题考查三视图的还原以及几何体的体积，考验空间想象能力以及对常见几何体的熟悉程度，属基础题题.16．已知函数()()π2sin 0,2f x x ωϕωϕ⎛⎫=+>< ⎪⎝⎭的部分图像如图所示，则满足()()π5π0312f x f f x f ⎡⎤⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫--> ⎪ ⎪⎢⎥⎢⎥⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦⎣⎦的最小正整数x 的值为_______．【答案】1【分析】先根据图像求得()π2sin(26f x x =+），再解()()π5π0312f x f f x f ⎡⎤⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫--> ⎪ ⎪⎢⎥⎢⎥⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦⎣⎦求得最小正整数x ．【详解】解：由题意得函数f （x ）的最小正周期2ππ2π2π36T ω⎛⎫=⨯-== ⎪⎝⎭，解得2ω=，所以()()2sin 2f x x =+．又π26f ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭，所以π2sin 226φ⎛⎫⨯+= ⎪⎝⎭，即πsin 13φ⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭，所以ππ2πZ 32k k φ+=+∈，，解得π2πZ 6k k φ=+∈，．由π||2φ<，得π6φ=，所以()π2sin(26f x x =+），所以π5π5π2sin 103612f f ⎛⎫⎛⎫=== ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，．由()π3f x f ⎡⎤⎛⎫- ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦()5π012f x f ⎡⎤⎛⎫-> ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦，可得()()10f x f x ⎡⎤->⎣⎦，则()0f x <或()1f x >，即πsin 206x ⎛⎫+< ⎪⎝⎭或1sin 262x π⎛⎫+> ⎪⎝⎭． ① 由sin 206x π⎛⎫+< ⎪⎝⎭，可得()π2ππ22πZ 6n x n n -<+<∈，解得()7ππππZ 1212n x n n -<<-∈，此时正整数x 的最小值为2；② 由1sin 262x π⎛⎫+> ⎪⎝⎭，可得()ππ5π222πZ 666k x k k π+<+<+∈，解得()πππZ 3k x k k <<+∈，此时正整数x 的最小值为1．综上所述，满足条件的正整数x 的最小值为1．故答案为：1．三、解答题17．2022年6月17日，我国第三艘航空母舰“中国人民解放军海军福建舰”下水试航，这是我国完全自主设计建造的首艘弹射型航空母舰，采用平直通长飞行甲板，配置电磁弹射和阻拦装置，满载排水量8万余吨．“福建舰”的建成，下水及试航，是新时代中国强军建设的重要成果．某校为纪念“福建舰”下水试航，增强学生的国防意识，组织了一次国防知识竞赛，共有100名学生参赛，成绩均在区间[]50,100上，现将成绩制成如图所示频率分布直方图（每组均包括左端点，最后一组包括右端点）．(1)学校计划对成绩不低于平均分的参赛学生进行奖励，若同一组中的数据用该组区间的中点值为代表，试求受奖励的分数线的估计值；(2)对这100名参赛学生的成绩按参赛者的性别统计，成绩不低于80分的为“良好”，低于80分的为“不良好”得到如下未填写完整的列联表．良好不良好合计男48女16合计（ⅰ）将列联表填写完整；（ⅱ）是否有95%以上的把握认为参赛学生的成绩是否良好与性别有关？附：()()()()()22n ad bcKa b c d a c b d-=++++．()2P K k≥0.050 0.010 0.001k 3.841 6.635 10.828【答案】(1)73.8(2)（ⅰ）表格见解析；（ⅱ）没有，理由见解析.【分析】（1）利用频率之和为1列出方程，求出0.018a =，进而利用中间值求出平均值，得到受奖励的分数线的估计值为73.8；（2）完善列联表，计算出卡方，与3.841比较得到结论.【详解】（1）由频率分布直方图可知：()100.0060.0080.0260.0421a ++++=，解得0.018a =．所以平均分的估计值为0.08550.26650.42750.18850.069573.8⨯+⨯+⨯⨯+⨯=＋，故受奖励的分数线的估计值为73.8．（2）（ⅰ）列联表如下表所示．良好不良好合计男8 40 48 女16 36 52 合计24 76 100（ⅱ）由列联表得()2210083616406050 2.72 3.841247648522223K ⨯⨯-⨯==≈<⨯⨯⨯，所以没有95%以上的把握认为参赛学生的成绩是否良好与性别有关．18．如图，正方形ABCD 和直角梯形BEFC 所在平面互相垂直，,BE BC BE CF ⊥∥，且2,3AB BE CF ===.(1)证明：AE 平面DCF ；(2)求四面体F ACE -的体积.【答案】(1)证明见解析(2)2【分析】（1）方法一：由线面平行的判定理可得AB平面DCF ，BE 平面DCF ，再由面面平行的判定可得平面ABE 平面DCF ，然后由面面平行的性质要得结论，方法二：在CF 取点G 使得2CG BE ==，连结EG DG ､，则可得四边形BEGC 是平行四边形，再结合已知条件可得四边形ADGE 是平行四边形，则AE DG ∥，由线面平行的判定可得结论；（2）由13F ACE A CEF CEF V V S h --==⨯求解，根据已知条件求出CEF S △和h ，从而可求出其体积.【详解】（1）证明：方法一：由正方形ABCD 的性质得：AB ∥CD .又AB ⊄平面,DCF CD ⊂平面DCF ， AB ∴平面DCF .,BE CF BE ⊄∥平面,DCF CF ⊂平面DCF ，BE ∴平面DCF .,,AB BE B AB BE ⋂=⊂平面ABE ，∴平面ABE 平面DCF ，AE ⊂平面ABE ，AE ∴平面DCF ，方法二：在CF 取点G 使得2CG BE ==，连结EG DG ､，如图BE CF ∥，∴四边形BEGC 是平行四边形，故EG BC ∥，且EG BC =，又,AD BC AD BC =∥，,AD EG AD EG ∴=∥，∴四边形ADGE 是平行四边形，AE DG ∴∥.又AE ⊄平面,DCF DG ⊂平面DCF ，AE ∴平面DCF ，（2）由体积的性质知：13F ACE A CEF CEF V V S h --==⨯，平面BCFE ⊥平面ABCD ，平面BCFE ⋂平面ABCD BC =，,AB BC AB ⊥⊂平面ABCD ，AB ∴⊥平面BCFE .又2AB =，故点A 到平面CEF 的距离为2，即三棱锥A CEF -底面CEF 上的高2h =，由题意，知,BE BC BE CF ⊥∥且3,2CF BC ==， 132CEF SCF BC ∴=⨯=， 1132 2.33F ACE A CEF CEF V V S h --∴==⨯=⨯⨯=19．已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，且对任意的*n ∈N 有23n n S a n =+-.(1)证明：数列{}1n a -为等比数列；(2)求数列11n n a a +⎧⎫⎨⎬-⎩⎭的前n 项和n T . 【答案】(1)证明见解析(2)2122+=-n n n T【分析】（1）令1n =可求得1a 的值，令2n ≥，由23n n S a n =+-可得1124n n S a n --=+-，两式作差可得出()1121n n a a --=-，结合等比数列的定义可证得结论成立；（2）求得111122n n n a a +=+-，利用分组求和法可求得n T . 【详解】（1）证明：当1n =时，1122a a =-，则12a =；.当2n ≥时，由23n n S a n =+-可得1124n n S a n --=+-.两式相减得1221n n n a a a -=-+，即121n n a a -=-，()1121n n a a -∴-=-.因为1110a -=≠，则212a -=，，以此类推可知，对任意的N n *∈，10n a -≠，所以，数列{}1n a -构成首项为1，公比为2的等比数列.（2）解：由（1）112n n a --=，故121n n a -=+，则1121111222n n n n n a a -++==+-. 所以，22111111111111222222222222n n n T ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=++++⋯++=++⋯++++⋯+ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭ 1112121222212n n n n -+=+⋅=--. 20．已知椭圆C ：()2222 1x y a b c a b +=>>的离心率为2，且过点()2,1P ． (1)求C 的方程；(2)若A ，B 是C 上两点，直线AB 与曲线222x y +=相切，求AB 的取值范围．【答案】(1)22163x y +=(2)⎡⎤⎣⎦【分析】（1）根据已知条件求得,,a b c ，由此求得椭圆C 的方程.（2）对直线AB 的斜率分成不存在，0k =，0k ≠三种情况进行分类讨论，结合弦长公式、基本不等式求得AB 的取值范围.【详解】（1）依题意22222411c aa b c ab a bc ⎧=⎪⎪⎪+=⇒===⎨⎪=+⎪⎪⎩所以椭圆C 的方程为22163x y +=. （2）圆222x y +=的圆心为()0,0，半径r =当直线AB 的斜率不存在时，直线AB的方程为xx =22163x y x y ⎧=⎪⇒=⎨+=⎪⎩22163x y x y ⎧=⎪⇒=⎨+=⎪⎩所以AB =当直线AB 的斜率为0时，直线AB的方程为yy =22163y x x y ⎧=⎪⇒=⎨+=⎪⎩22163y x x y ⎧=⎪⇒=⎨+=⎪⎩所以AB =当直线AB 的斜率0k ≠时，设直线AB 的方程为,0y kx b kx y b =+-+=，由于直线AB 和圆222x y +=()2221b k =+.22163y kx b x y =+⎧⎪⎨+=⎪⎩，消去y 并化简得()222124260k x kbx b +++-=， ()()222222164122648248k b k b k b ∆=-+-=+-()22248248213280k k k =+-⨯+=+>.设()()1122,,,A x y B x y 则2121222426,1212kb b x x x x k k --+=⋅=++，所以AB ====>另一方面，由于2214448k k ++≥=，当且仅当222114,2k k k ==时等号成立.所以3=，即3AB ≤.综上所述，AB 的取值范围是⎡⎤⎣⎦.21．已知函数()()ln 1f x x a x x =---(1)若0a =，求()f x 的极小值(2)讨论函数()f x '的单调性；(3)当2a =时，证明：()f x 有且只有2个零点.【答案】(1)2-(2)答案见解析(3)证明见解析【分析】（1）利用导数求得()f x 的极小值.（2）先求得()f x '，然后通过构造函数法，结合导数以及对a 进行分类讨论，从而求得函数()f x '的单调区间.（3）结合（2）的结论以及零点存在性定理证得结论成立.【详解】（1）当0a =时，()ln 1f x x x x =--，()f x 的定义域为()0,∞+，()ln 11ln f x x x '=+-=，所以在区间()()()0,1,0,f x f x '<递减；在区间()()()1,,0,f x f x '+∞>递增.所以当1x =时，()f x 取得极小值12f .（2）()()ln 1f x x a x x =---的定义域为()0,∞+，()ln 1ln x a a f x x x x x-'=+-=-. 令()()()221ln 0,a a x a h x x x h x x x x x +'=->=+=，当0a ≥时，()0h x '>恒成立，所以()h x 即()f x '在()0,∞+上递增.当a<0时，在区间()()()0,,0,a h x h x '-<即()f x '递减；在区间()()(),,0,a h x h x '-+∞>即()f x '递增.（3）当2a =时，()()2ln 1f x x x x =---，()2ln f x x x'=-，由（2）知，()f x '在()0,∞+上递增，()()22ln 210,3ln 303f f ''=-<=->，所以存在()02,3x ∈使得()00f x '=，即002ln x x =. 在区间()()()00,,0,x f x f x '<递减；在区间()()()0,,0,x f x f x '+∞>递增.所以当0x x =时，()f x 取得极小值也即是最小值为()()()000000000242ln 1211f x x x x x x x x x ⎛⎫=---=-⨯--=-+ ⎪⎝⎭，由于0044x x +>=，所以()00f x <.11111122ln 12110e e e e e ee f ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=-⋅--=----=-+> ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭， ()()2222222e e 2ln e e 12e 4e 1e 50f =-⋅--=---=->，根据零点存在性定理可知()f x 在区间()00,x 和()0,x +∞各有1个零点，所以()f x 有2个零点.【点睛】本题第一问是简单的利用导数求函数的极值，第二问和第三问是连贯的两问，合起来可以理解为利用多次求导来研究函数的零点.即当一次求导无法求得函数的零点时，可考虑利用多次求导来解决. 22．在直角坐标系xOy 中，点A 是曲线1C ：22(2)4x y -+=上的动点，满足2OB OA =的点B 的轨迹是2C . （1）以坐标原点O 为极点，x 轴的正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系，求曲线1C ，2C 的极坐标方程；（2）直线l 的参数方程是1cos sin x t y t αα=-+⎧⎨=⎩(t 为参数)，点P 的直角坐标是()1,0-，若直线l 与曲线2C 交于M ，N 两点，当线段PM ，MN ，PN 成等比数列时，求cos α的值.【答案】（1）1C ： 4cos ρθ=，2C ：2cos ρθ=；（2）cos α=【分析】（1）直接利用转换关系，在参数方程、极坐标方程和直角坐标方程之间进行转换．（2）利用（1）的结论，利用一元二次方程根和系数关系式的应用和等比数列的等比中项的应用求出结果．【详解】解：（1）点A 是曲线1C ：()2224x y -+=上的动点，根据222cos sin x y x y ρθρθρ=⎧⎪=⎨⎪+=⎩，转换为极坐标方程为 4cos ρθ=，由于点B 满足2OB OA =的点B 的轨迹是2C .所以()2,A ρθ，则2C 的极坐标方程为2cos ρθ=.（2）直线l 的参数方程是1tcos sin x y t αα=-+⎧⎨=⎩(t 为参数)，点P 的直角坐标是()1,0-，若直线l 与曲线2C 交于M ，N 两点，2C 的极坐标方程为2cos ρθ=，转换为直角坐标方程为22(1)1x y -+=，即222x y x +=，得到()()()221cos sin 21cos t t t ααα=-++-+，化简得：24cos 30t t α-+=，所以124cos t t α+=，123t t =，当线段PM ，MN ，PN 成等比数列时，则2MN PM PN =，整理得：()21212t t t t -=，故()212125t t t t +=，整理得cos α=23．已知a ，b ，R c ∈，且2223a b c ++=.(1)求证：3a b c ++≤；(2)若不等式()2121x x a b c -++≥++对一切实数a ，b ，c 恒成立，求x 的取值范围.【答案】(1)证明见解析(2)(][),33,∞∞--⋃+.【分析】（1）对2()a b c ++应用基本不等式可证；（2）由（1）只要解不等式1219x x -++≥，根据绝对值的定义分类讨论求解．【详解】（1）2222()222a b c a b c ab bc ca ++=+++++()222329a b c ≤+++=，所以3a b c ++≤，当且仅当a b c ==时等号成立（2）由（1）可知()2121x x a b c -++≥++对一切实数a ，b ，c 恒成立，等价于1219x x -++≥，令3,11()1212,1223,2x x g x x x x x x x ⎧⎪≥⎪⎪=-++=+-<<⎨⎪⎪-≤-⎪⎩，当1x ≥时，393x x ≥⇒≥，当112x -<<时，297x x +≥⇒≥，舍去，当12x ≤-时，393x x -≥⇒≤-，即3x ≥或3x ≤-. 综上所述，x 取值范围为(][),33,∞∞--⋃+.。

2023年初一12月月考语文考题(江苏省宜兴市环科园联盟)

名句名篇默写古诗文背诵默写（1）遥怜故园菊，______（作者：________《行军九日思长安故园》）（2）子在川上曰：“_______，不舍昼夜。

”（《论语》）（3）_________ ，非宁静无以致远。

（诸葛亮《诫子书》）（4）正是江南好风景，_______。

（杜甫，题目《_____________》）（5）不知何处吹芦管，___________。

（李益《夜上受降城闻笛》）（6）_________________，思而不学则殆。

（《论语》）（7）夜发清溪向三峡，_________ 。

（李白,《峨眉山月歌》）（8）一个人能力有大小，但只要有这点精神，就是一个高尚的人，一个纯粹的人，一个有道德的人，___________，一个有益于人民的人。

【答案】应傍战场开岑参逝者如斯夫非淡泊无以明志落花时节又逢君江南逢李龟年一夜征人尽望乡学而不思则罔思君不见下渝州一个脱离了低级趣味的人【解析】古诗文名句默写试题的题型主要是填写题，复习古诗文名句，首先是要记诵清楚背诵的古诗文篇段和名句；其次是要正确理解古诗文篇段和名句的基本内容；第三是要记清楚古诗文名句中的每个字，默写古诗文名句不能写错别字。

此处注意“傍、岑参、罔、渝”等字词的书写。

字词书写根据拼音写汉字。

⑴高miǎo（______）⑴ 禁gù（______）⑴大相jìng庭（_____）⑴步履pán跚（____）【答案】(1)藐(2)锢(3)径(4) 蹒【解析】考查字音字形的书写。

“藐”不要写成“貌”。

“锢”不要写成“固”，大相径庭：是比喻相差很远，大不相同。

“径”不要写成“经”，“蹒跚”腿脚不灵便，走起路来摇摇摆摆。

文言文阅读解释下列加点字。

少时，一狼径去，其一犬坐于前。

久之，目似瞑，意暇甚。

屠暴起，以刀劈狼首，又数刀毙之。

方欲行，转视积薪后，一狼洞其中，意将隧入以攻其后也。

身已半入，止露尻尾。

屠自后断其股，亦毙之。

(1)犬（_______）⑴洞（_______）⑴止（________）⑴股（________）【答案】(1)像狗似的(2)打洞（3）同“只”，只有（4）大腿【解析】考查对文言实词的理解。

2022年12月全国大学英语四级考试真题和答案解析(第三套)

2022年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套）Part I Writing(30minutes) Directions:In this task,you are to write an essay on the role of physical exercise in achieving success at college.You will have30minutes for the task.You should write at least 120words but no more than180words.PartⅡListening Comprehension(25minutes)特殊说明：由于多题多卷，官方第三套真题的听力试题与第二套真题的一致，只是选项顺序不同，因此，本套试卷不再提供听力部分。

Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．Parenting brings fathers more joy than it does mothers,according to a new study.The research examined three studies26more than18,000participants.Across all three, parenthood was27with more positive wellbeing outcomes for dads than for mums.So why are fathers happier than mothers?“Fathers may fare better than mothers in part due to how they spend time with their children,”said lead author Katherine Nelson-Coffey.In one study,the authors28that dads were more likely to take“playing”as an29 activity both when caring for their kids and spending time with their kids.“Playing with their children likely offers parents opportunities to experience positive feelings and30 closeness with their children,”they say.Fathers also did better than men without kids,reporting greater happiness,life satisfaction,and fewer31symptoms.They also reported greater connectedness and autonomy(自主).For mums,32,compared to women without children,the results weren’t quite as positive.Mums reported greater autonomy,but also“greater trouble”and fewer positive33.Mums reported happier moods while interacting with their kids,compared to other experiences,but not while engaging34in childcare.“This difference suggests that how mothers and fathers spend time with their children might have important35for their wellbeing,”the authors write.They suspect that mums may be less happy than dads because they’re more likely to have higher expectations about parenthood.As such,they’re more likely to be“let down”by the experience.A)additional F)directly K)involvingB)associated G)emotions L)noteC)composing H)however M)preciselyD)cultivate I)implications N)superficialE)depressive J)interfered O)thereforeSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Learning to say noA)Not doing something will always be faster than doing it.This philosophy applies in manyareas of life.For example,there is no meeting that goes faster than not having a meeting at all.This is not to say you should never attend another meeting,but the truth is that we say“yes”to too many things we don’t actually want to do.B)How often do people ask you to do something and you just reply,“Sure.”Three days later,you’re overwhelmed by how much is on your to-do list.We become frustrated by our obligations even though we were the ones who said“yes”to them in the first place.Even worse,people will occasionally fight to do things that waste time.You don’t have to do something just because it exists.It’s worth asking if things are necessary.Many of them are not,and a simple“no”will be more productive than whatever work the most efficient person can cope with.But if the benefits of saying“no”are so obvious,then why do we say“yes”so often?C)We say“yes”to many requests not because we want to do them,but because we don’twant to be seen as rude or unhelpful.Often,we have to consider saying“no”to someone we will interact with again in the future—our co-worker,our spouse,our family and friends.Saying“no”to our superiors at work can be particularly difficult.In these situations,I like the approach recommended in Essentialism by Greg McKeown.He writes,“Remind your superiors what you would be neglecting if you said‘yes’and force them to deal with the trade-off.For example,if your manager comes to you and asks you to do X,you can respond with‘Yes,I’m happy to make this the priority.Which of these other projects should I deprioritize to pay attention to this new project?’”D)Collaborating with others is an important element of life.The thought of straining therelationship outweighs the commitment of our time and energy.For this reason,it can be helpful to be gracious in your response.Do whatever favors you can,and be warm-hearted and direct when you have to say no.But even after we have accounted for these social considerations,many of us still seem to do a poor job of managing the trade-off between yes and no.We find ourselves over-committed to things that don’tmeaningfully improve or support those around us,and certainly don’t improve our own lives.E)Perhaps one issue is how we think about the meaning of yes and no.The words“yes”and“no”get so often used in comparison with each other that it feels like they carry equal weight in conversation.In reality,they’re not just opposite in meaning,but of entirely different magnitudes in commitment.When you say“no”,you’re only saying“no”to one option.When you say“yes”,you’re saying“no”to every other option.I like how economist Tim Harford put it,“Every time we say‘yes’to a request,we’re also saying ‘no’to anything else we might accomplish with the time.”Once you’re committed to something,you’ve already decided how that future block of time will be spent.In other words,saying“no”saves you time in the future.Saying“yes”costs you time in the future.“No”is a form of time credit.You retain the ability to spend your future time however you want.“Yes”is a form of time debt.You have to pay back your commitment at some point.F)“No”is a decision.“Yes”is a responsibility.Saying“no”is sometimes seen as a luxurythat only those in power can afford.And it’s true:turning down opportunities is easier when you can fall back on the safety net provided by power,money,and authority.But it’s also true that saying“no”is not merely a privilege reserved for the successful.It’s alsoa strategy that can help you become successful.Saying“no”is an important skill todevelop at any stage of your career because it retains the most important asset in life:your time.As investor Pedro Sorrentino put it,“If you don’t guard your time,people will steal it from you.”You need to say“no”to whatever isn’t leading you toward your goals. G)Nobody embodied this idea better than Steve Jobs,who said,“People think focus meanssaying‘yes’to the thing you’ve got to focus on.But that’s not what it means at all.It means saying‘no’to the hundred other good ideas that there are.You have to pick carefully.”Jobs had another great quote about saying“no”:“I’m actually as proud of the things we haven’t done as the things I have done.Innovation is saying‘no’to1,000 things.”H)Over time,as you continue to improve and succeed,your strategy needs to change.Theopportunity cost of your time increases as you become more successful.At first,you just eliminate the obvious distractions and explore the rest.As your skills improve and you learn to separate what works from what doesn’t,you have to continually increase your threshold for saying“yes”.You still need to say“no”to distractions,but you also need to learn to say“no”to opportunities that were previously good uses of time,so you can make space for better uses of time.It’s a good problem to have,but it can be a tough skill to master.I)What is true about health is also true about productivity:an ounce of prevention is worth apound of cure.More effort is wasted doing things that don’t matter than is wasted doing things inefficiently.And if that is the case,elimination is a more useful skill than optimization.I’m reminded of the famous Peter Drucker quote,“There is nothing so useless as doing efficiently that which should not be done at all.”36.People often grant a request just because they want to appear polite and helpful.37.It’s no easy job learning to say“no”to opportunities that were once considered worth grasping.38.When you decline a request,you are saving your future time.39.People sometimes struggle to do things that are simply a waste of time.40.Doing efficiently what is not worth doing is the most useless effort.41.It is especially difficult for people to decline to do what their superiors ask them to do.42.People agree to do too many things they are in fact unwilling to do.43.According to one famous entrepreneur,innovation means refusal to do an enormous number of things.44.It is an essential aspect of life to cooperate with other people.45.Refusing a request is sometimes seen as a privilege not enjoyed by ordinary people. Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.We’re eating more fish than ever these days.At around20kilograms per person global fish consumption is now more than twice what it was in the1960s.What’s really remarkable, though,is where that fish comes from.For the first time in human history,most of our aquatic(水产的)food now comes from farming rather than fishing.People ate around73million tonnes of farmed fish—just more than half of the volume of fish that humans consumed—in2014.That’s out of a total fish supply of167million tonnes; the remaining20million or so tonnes go into things like animal feed and medical products.To keep eating fish at the current rate,we’re definitely going to need to keep aquaculture(水产养殖)developing.That’s because the volume of fish caught in the wild has leveled off since the1990s.Back in1974,only10%of marine fish stocks had been overfished.Now,more than three-tenths are.Only a tenth of our oceans’fish stocks could sustain heavier fishing than current levels.But while catchings at sea have suffered,fish-farming has been growing at a fast rate.A lot of that is coming from China,which produces60%of the world’s farmed fish.In fact, some35countries,including China,now produce more farmed than wild-caught fish.This shift toward aquaculture isn’t just good for ensuring salmon(三文鱼)on your plate; it’s also crucial to ensuring food security and sustainability.By2050,the world will need to feed an estimated9.7billion people.They’ll have to get their protein somewhere.However, raising cattle,pigs,and other land-based animals requires vast sums of grain and water.For example,pound for pound,beef requires15times more feed to raise than carp,a freshwaterfish farmed all over Asia.That grain—and the water needed to grow it—could be consumed by people instead.However,aquaculture is no silver bullet.In some southeast Asian countries,shrimp farming does disastrous damage to marine ecosystems.Despite these problems,however, shrimp continues to be among the most popular seafoods worldwide.46.What does the author say is remarkable about the fish we eat?A)They reproduce quickly.B)They are mostly farmed.C)They have become as important as grain.D)They have a longer history than humans.47.What do we need to do if we keep consuming fish at the current rate?A)Increase the fishing volume considerably.B)Develop more advanced fishing technology.C)Enlarge the marine fish stocks effectively.D)Expand the scale of fish-farming continuously.48.What does the author say about China in terms of aquatic food?A)It places increasing emphasis on fishing now.B)It boasts of the world’s largest fishing stocks.C)It raises more fish than caught from the wild.D)It supplies60%of the world’s fish products.49.Why does the author say aquaculture is so important these days?A)It is a must for feeding the world’s fast-growing population.B)It proves a reliable source of protein for humans and animals.C)It is essential to maintaining both mental and physical health.D)It ensures a balanced healthy diet for people the world over.50.What does the author imply by saying aquaculture is no silver bullet?A)Shrimp-farming is a risky business.B)Fish-farming will not be sustainable.C)Fish-farming may cause serious problems too.D)Shrimp-farming can become quite expensive.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.In2020,the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the World Food Programme(WFP).Why a Nobel Prize for the WFP,and why now?In2019,the WFP assisted nearly100 million people in88countries.It is the safety net for those who fall off the edge of existence. It is a response to solving the problem of food instability.Its Nobel Prize reminds us all of the moral hazard in imagining that the poor and vulnerable are somebody else’s problem.The WFP has been around since1961and has been the global coordinator of nationally based efforts to avoid disasters with food aid.Despite decades of effort to eliminate hunger, the latest estimate is that about11%of people on the planet(about820million people)aresuffering daily undernourishment.Progress at reducing undernourishment has stopped despite gains through the1990s and2000s.Developed countries sometimes offer food and aid to developing ones,but at a price. One American philosopher stated that addressing the needs of the poor and vulnerable is about more than money—it is mostly about creating conditions under which prosperity and opportunity can thrive.When aid is offered with heavy conditions attached,like loan repayment or food for resources,it often widens the gap between rich and poor and sustains the old world order.This is why the work of the WFP is so vital.The scientific community,however,can provide a helping hand to the WFP.By sharing knowledge of agriculture and climate with peers in countries most vulnerable to poverty and hunger,scientists can help reduce these problems.By making its voice heard,science can lead by example.The ability to overcome food shortages that must be built into some of the poorest countries will not come from loans from wealthy countries,which may have food problems of their own,or world economic institutions.This ability will be built upon self-confident people using open and shared scientific knowledge to pull themselves out of their misery.51.What does the WFP’s winning of the Nobel Peace Prize make us realize?A)More and more people in the world are suffering from starvation.B)All of us can be affected by food instability one way or another.C)It is hazardous to leave millions of people poor and vulnerable.D)It is morally wrong to think helping the poor is not our business.52.What do we learn about the WFP’s effort to eliminate hunger?A)It has ensured a sufficient food supply to millions.B)It is still far from its goal despite the progress made.C)It has done a good job in combating natural disasters.D)It is preventing starvation occurring on a global scale.53.What will happen when food aid is offered at a price?A)The rich will become richer and the poor poorer.B)More people will be willing to join in the effort.C)More food will be made available to the needy.D)The relief effort will be rendered less sustainable.54.How can scientists help cope with poverty and hunger?A)By collaborating closely with world economic institutions.B)By sharing expertise with peers in poverty-stricken nations.C)By setting up more food research programs in developing countries.D)By building self-respect in people suffering from undernutrition.55.What message does the author try to convey at the end of the passage?A)Wealthy nations should solve their own food problems first.B)Rich countries should be more generous in providing food aid.C)Poor nations should enhance their own ability to solve their food shortages.D)World economic institutions should play a bigger role in fighting hunger.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.冬至（Winter Solstice）是全年白昼最短、黑夜最长的一天，标志着一年中最寒冷时节的开始。

2022~2023年高二12月月考政治考题(四川省内江市威远县中学)

选择题“大国工匠2018年度人物”颁奖典礼透过一个个感人至深的故事，挖掘中华民族共有的精神财富，生动诠释了习近平总书记强调指出的“劳动最光荣、劳动最崇高、劳动最伟大、劳动最美丽”这一宏大主题。

国家举行隆重盛大的“大国工匠”颁奖典礼有利于（）①先进文化在一定条件下对人们工作和生活起决定作用②树立正确舆论导向，促进党牢牢掌握意识形态工作领导权③发挥先进人物的榜样作用，为社会主义凝魂聚气、强基固本④奏响主旋律，充分展现中国人民是具有伟大奋斗精神的人民A.①②③B.①②④C.①③④D.②③④【答案】D【解析】①说法错误，先进文化对人们工作和生活起促进作用，而不能起决定作用；②③④符合题意，国家举行隆重盛大的“大国工匠”颁奖典礼有利于树立正确舆论导向，促进党牢牢掌握意识形态工作领导权。

有利于发挥先进人物的榜样作用，为社会主义凝魂聚气、强基固本。

有利于奏响主旋律，充分展现中国人民是具有伟大奋斗精神的人民；正确选项为D。

选择题2019年中国北京世界园艺博览会汇集了世界各国的精品园艺，展示出园艺、城市、自然与人类和谐相融的画卷，呈现出世界范儿、中国风的全球园艺盛宴，阐释了“让园艺融入自然让自然感动心灵”的办会理念。

由此可知（）①各国园艺文化在园艺博览会中各美其美、美美与共②中国园艺具有其他国家园艺不可比拟的优越性③徜徉于世界园艺博览会人们潜移默化地受到熏陶④举办园艺博览会是促进园艺创新发展的根本途径A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④【答案】B【解析】①符合题意，中国北京世界园艺博览会汇集了世界各国的精品园艺，呈现出世界范儿、中国风的全球园艺盛宴，表明各国园艺文化在园艺博览会中各美其美、美美与共；②说法错误，“具有其他国家园艺不可比拟的优越性”的说法违背了各国文化一律平等原则；③符合题意，“阐释了‘让园艺融入自然让自然感动心灵’的办会理念”，表明徜徉于世界园艺博览会人们潜移默化地受到熏陶；④说法错误，立足社会实践是促进园艺创新发展的根本途径；故选B。

2022~2023年高一前半期12月物理考题(四川省南充高级中学)

选择题牛顿第一定律揭示了运动状态与所受外力的关系，下列说法中正确的是()A.物体受到恒定的力作用时，它的运动状态不发生改变B.物体受到不为零的合力作用时，它的运动状态要发生改变C.物体受到的合力为零时，它一定处于静止状态D.物体的运动方向一定与它所受的合力的方向相同【答案】B【解析】AB.物体只要受到的合力不为零，不论是否是恒力，运动状态就要发生变化，故A项不符合题意，B项符合题意；C.合力为零时，物体可能处于静止状态也可能做匀速直线运动，故C 项不符合题意。

D. 物体的合力方向不一定与运动方向相同，故D项不符合题意；选择题以下说法中，你认为正确的是（）A.把物体抽象为质点后，物体自身的质量和大小均可以忽略不计B.当物体做直线运动时位移大小等于路程C.平均速度v=，当Δt充分小时，该式可以表示t时刻的瞬时速度D.质点运动的速度变化很大,则加速度一定很大【答案】C【解析】A. 把物体抽象为质点后，物体自身的大小可以忽略不计，但质量不能忽略，故A错误；B. 当质点做单方向的直线运动时，路程一定等于位移的大小；若是有往复的直线运动，路程大于位移大小，股B错误；C. 平均速度v=，当Δt充分小时，该式可以表示t时刻的瞬时速度，故C正确。

D. 加速度是描述速度变化快慢的物理量，而速度变化量是描述速度变化大小的物理量，故D错误；选择题关于重力和弹力，下列说法正确的是（）A.重心就是物体所受重力的等效作用点，故重心一定在物体上B.任何几何形状规则的物体的重心必与其几何中心重合C.用一根竹竿拨动水中的木头，木头受到竹竿的弹力，是由于木头发生形变产生的D.挂在电线下的电灯受到向上的拉力，是因为电线发生微小形变产生的【答案】D【解析】A. 重心是物体各部分所受重力的等效作用点，重心可以在物体上也可以在物体外；故A错误；B. 只有形状规则质量分布均匀的物体，其重心才与几何中心重合，故B错误；C. 用一根竹竿拨动水中的木头，木头受到竹竿的弹力，是由于竹竿发生形变产生的，故C错误。

2019年b级12月考试真题试卷及答案

2019年b级12月考试真题试卷及答案选择题
1. 下列哪项是计算机病毒的主要特点？
A. 程序能够自我复制
B. 程序具有多个窗口
C. 程序能够自动关闭
D. 程序具有漂亮的界面
2. 在Windows操作系统中，哪个快捷键用于复制选定的文本？
A. Ctrl+C
B. Ctrl+V
C. Ctrl+X
D. Ctrl+A
3. HTML中，用于创建超链接的标签是？
A. <link>
B. <a>
C. <img>
D. <div>
4. 在Excel中，哪个函数用于计算单元格区域的平均值？
A. AVERAGE()
B. SUM()
C. MAX()
D. MIN()
5. 下列哪项不是数据库管理系统的功能？
A. 数据存储
B. 数据查询
C. 数据备份
D. 数据压缩
6. 在计算机网络中，哪个协议用于实现超文本传输？
A. HTTP
B. FTP
C. SMTP
D. DNS
7. 下列哪项是Java语言的特点？
A. 面向对象
B. 静态类型
C. 解释执行
D. 跨平台
8. 在Word中，如何保存一个文档？
A. 使用“文件”菜单中的“另存为”命令
B. 使用“编辑”菜单中的“保存”命令
C. 使用“视图”菜单中的“保存”命令
D. 使用“工具”菜单中的“保存”命令
答案
A
A
B
A
D
A
D
A。

山东省东营市胜利油田一中2021届高三12月月考物理试题 Word版含答案

山东省东营市成功油田一中2021届高三12月月考物理试题2022.12一、选择题（本题共12小题共48分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，有的只有一个选项正确，有的有多个选项正确。

全部选对的得4分，选对但不全的得2分，有选错的得0分。

）1．质量为m 的物体静止在粗糙的水平地面上．现用一水平拉力使物体从静止开头运动，其运动的v －t 图象如图所示．下列关于物体运动过程，分析正确的是( )A ．0～t 1内拉力渐渐减小B ．0～t 1内拉力对物体做负功C ．在t 1 ～t 2时间内拉力的功率为零D ．在t 1～t 2时间内合外力做功12m v 212．如图在光滑地面上，水平外力F 拉动小车和木块一起做无相对滑动的匀加速运动。

小车质量是M ，木块质量是m ，力大小是F ，加速度大小是a ，木块和小车之间动摩擦因数是μ，则在这个过程中，木块受到的摩擦力大小是（）A ．μmaB ．maC ．m M mF+D ．F -Ma3．如图所示，小车上有一根固定的水平横杆，横杆左端固定的轻杆与竖直方向成θ角，轻杆下端连接一小铁球；横杆右端用一根细线悬挂一小铁球，当小车做匀变速直线运动时，细线保持与竖直方向成α角，若θ<α，则下列说法中正确的是( )A ．轻杆对小球的弹力方向沿着轻杆方向向上B ．轻杆对小球的弹力方向与细线平行向上C ．小车肯定以加速度g tan α向右做匀加速运动D ．小车肯定以加速度g tan θ向右做匀加速运动4．A 、B 两个物体从同一地点动身，在同始终线上做匀变速直线运动，它们的速度图象如图所示，则( )A ．A 、B 两物体运动方向相反 B ．t ＝4 s 时，A 、B 两物体相遇C ．在相遇前，t ＝4 s 时A 、B 两物体相距最远D ．在相遇前，A 、B 两物体的最远距离为20 m5．宇航员在地球表面以肯定初速度竖直上抛一小球，经过时间t 小球落回原处；若他在某星球表面以相同的初速度竖直上抛同一小球，需经过时间5t 小球落回原处，已知该星球的半径与地球半径之比为4:1:=抛球R R ，地球表面重力加速度为g ，设该星球表面四周的重力加速度为g '，空气阻力不计。

2023年12月英语六级考试真题及答案详解和听力原文第二套

12月英语六级考试真题第二套Part I Writing （30minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring useful information in spite of advanced information technology. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words．Part ⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and. D., and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1. A. The restaurant offers some specials each day.B. The restaurant is known for its food varieties.C. The dressing makes the mixed salad very inviting.D. The woman should mix the ingredients thoroughly.2. A. He took over the firm from Mary. C. He failed to foresee major problems.B. He is running a successful business. D. He is opening a new consulting firm.3. A. Someone should be put in charge of office supplies.B. The man can leave the discs in the office cabinet.C. The man may find the supplies in the cabinet.D. The printer in the office has run out of paper.4. A. He has to use a magnifying glass to see clearly.B. The woman can use his glasses to read.C. He has the dictionary the woman wants.D. The dictionary is not of much help to him.5. A. Redecorating her office.B. Majoring in interior design.C. Seeking professional advice.D. Adding some office furniture.6. A. Problems in port management.B. Improvement of port facilities.C. Delayed shipment of goods.D. Shortage of container ships.7.A. Their boss. B. A colleague. C. Their workload. D. A coffee machine.8. A. Call the hotel manager for help.B. Postpone the event until a later date.C. Hold the banquet at a different place.D. Get an expert to correct the error.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9 .A. He shares some of the household duties.B. He often goes back home late for dinner.C. He cooks dinner for the family occasionally.D. He dines out from time to time with friends.10. A. To take him to dinner.B. To talk about a budget plan.C. To discuss an urgent problem.D. To pass on an important message.11. A. Foreign investors are losing confidence in India's economy.B. Many multinational enterprises are withdrawing from India.C. There are wild fluctuations in the international money market.D. There is a sharp increase in India's balance of payment deficit. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A. They have unrealistic expectations about the other half.B. They may not be prepared for a lifelong relationship.C. They form a more realistic picture of life.D. They try to adapt to their changing roles.13. A. He is lucky to have visited many exotic places.B. He is able to forget all the troubles in his life.C. He is able to meet many interesting people.D. He is lucky to be able to do what he loves.14.A. It is stressful. B. It is full of time. C. It is all glamour. D. It is challenging15. A. Bothered. B. Amazed. C. Puzzled. D. Excited.Section BDirections : In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B.,C. and D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A. Maintain the traditional organizational culture.B. Learn new ways of relating and working together.C. Follow closely the fast development of technology.D. Learn to be respectful in a hierarchical organization.17. A. How the team integrates with what it is supposed to serve.B. How the team is built to keep improving its performance.C. What type of personnel the team should be composed of.D. What qualifications team members should be equipped with.18. A. A team manager must set very clear and high objectives.B. Teams must consist of members from different cultures.C. Team members should be knowledgeable and creative.D. A team manager should develop a certain set of skills.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A. It is a platform for sharing ideas on teaching at the University of Illinois.B. It was mainly used by scientists and technical people to exchange text.C. It started off as a successful program but was unable to last long.D. It is a program allowing people to share information on the Web.20. A. He visited a number of famous computer scientists.B. He met with an entrepreneur named Jim Clark.C. He sold a program developed by his friends.D. He invested in a leading computer business.21. A. They had confidence in his new ideas.B. They trusted his computer expertise.C. They were very keen on new technology.D. They believed in his business connections.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A. Prestige advertising.B. Institutional advertising.C. Word of mouth advertising.D. Distributing free trial products.23. A. To sell a particular product.B. To build up their reputation.C. To promote a specific service.D. To attract high-end consumers.24. A. By using the services of large advertising agencies.B. By hiring their own professional advertising staff.C. By buying media space in leading newspapers.D. By creating their own ads and commercials.25. A. Decide on what specific means of communication to employ.B. Conduct a large-scale survey on customer needs.C. Specify the objectives of the campaign in detail.D. Pretest alternative ads or commercials in certain regions.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hoar a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just hoard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should chock what you have written.Extinction is difficult concept to grasp. It is an（26）concept. It's not at all like the killing of individual life forms that can be renewed through normal processes of reproduction. Nor is it simply（27）numbers. Nor is it damage that can somehow be remedied or for which some substitute can be found. Nor is it something that simply affects our own generation. Nor is it something that could be remedied by some supernatural power. It is rather an（28）and final act for which there is no remedy on earth or in heaven. A species once extinct is gone forever. However many generations （29)us in coming centuries, none of them will ever see this species that we extinguish. Not only are we bringing about the extinction of life（30）, we are also making the land and the air and the sea so toxic that the very conditions of life are being destroyed.（31）basic natural resources, not only are the nonrenewable resources being（32）in a frenzy ( 疯狂) of processing, consuming, and（33）, but we are also mining much of our renewable resources, such as the very soil itself on which terrestrial (地球上旳) life depends.The change that is taking place on the earth and in our minds is one of the greatest changes ever to take place in human affairs, perhaps the greatest, since what we are talking about is not simply another historical change or cultural （34）, but a change of geological and biological as well as psychological order of（35).Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making yourchoices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.It seems to be a law in the technology industry that leading companies eventually lose their positions, often quickly and brutally. Mobile phone champion Nokia, one of Europe's biggest technology success stories, was no（36）, losing its market share in just a few years.In , Nokia accounted for more than 40% of mobile phone sales（37）But consumers'preferences were already（38）toward touch-screen smart phones. With the introduction of Apple's phone in the middle of that year, Nokia's market share（39）rapidly and revenue plunged. By the end of , Nokia had sold its phone business to Microsoft.What sealed Nokia's fate was a series of decisions made by Stephen Elop in his position as CEO, which he（40）in October . Each day that Elop spent in charge of Nokia, the company's market value declined by $ 23 million, making him, by the numbers, one of the worst CEOs in history. But Elop was not the only person at（41）Nokia's board resisted change, making it impossible for the company to adapt to rapid shifts in the industry. Most（42）, Jorma Ollila, who had led Nokia's transition from an industrial company to a technology giant, was too fascinated by the company's（43）success to recognize the change that was needed to sustain its competitiveness. The company also embarked on a（44）cost-cutting program, which included the elimination of thousands of jobs. This contributed to the(45) of the company’s once-spirited culture.which had motivated employees to take risks and make miracles. Good leaders left the company, taking Nokia's sense of vision and directions with them. Not surprisingly, much of Nokia's most valuable design and programming talent left as well.A. assumedB. biasC. desperateD. deteriorationE. exceptionF. faultG. incidentallyH. notablyI. previousJ. relayedK. shiftingL. shrankM. subtleN. transmittingO. worldwideSection BDirections : In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.First-Generation College-Goers: Unprepared and Behind Kids who are the first in their families to brave the world of higher education come on campus with little academic know—how and are much more likely than their peers to drop out before graduation.[ A] When Nijay Williams entered college last fall as a first—generation student and Jamaican immigrant, he was academically unprepared for the rigors of higher education. Like many first—generation students, he enrolled in a medium-sized state university many of his high school peers were also attending, received a Pell Grant, and took out some small federal loans to cover other costs.Given the high price of room and board and the closeness of the school to his family, he chose to live at home and worked between 30 and 40 hours a week while taking a full class schedule.[ B] What Nijay didn't realize about his school—Tennessee State University—was its frighteningly low graduation rate: a mere 29 percent for its first-generation students. At the end of his first year, Nijay lost his Pell Grant of over $ 5,000 after narrowly missing the 2.0 GPA cut-off, making it impossible for him to continue paying for school.[ C ]Nijay represents a large and growing group of Americans: first—generation college students who enter school unprepared or behind. To make matters worse, these schools are ill-equipped to graduate these students—young adults who face specific challenges and obstacles. They typically carry financial burdens that outweigh those of their peers, are more likely to work while attending school, and often require significant academic remediation (补习).[ D ] Matt Rubinoff directs I'm First, a nonprofit organization launched last October to reach out to this specific population of students. He hopes to distribute this information and help prospective college-goers fad the best post-secondary fit. And while Rubinoff believes there are a good number of four—year schools that truly care about these students and set aside significant resources and programs for them, he says that number isn't high enough.[ E ] "It's not only the selective and elite institutions that provide those opportunities for a small subset of this population," Rubinoff said, adding that a majority of first-generation undergraduates tend toward options such as online programs, two—year colleges, and commuter state schools."Unfortunately, there tends to be a lack of information and support to help students think bigger and broader. "[ F] Despite this problem, many students are still drawn to these institutions--and two-year schools in particular. As a former high school teacher, I saw students choose familiar, cheaper options year after year. Instead of skipping out on higher education altogether, they chose community colleges or state schools with low bars for admittance.[ G]"They underestimate themselves when selecting a university," said Dave Jarrat, a marketing executive for InsideTrack, a for—profit organization that specializes in coaching low-income students and supporting colleges in order to help students thrive. "The reality of it is that a lot of low-income kids could be going to elite universities on a full ride scholarship and don't even realize it. "[ H] "Many students are coming from a situation where no one around them has the experience of successfully completing higher education, so they are coming in questioning themselves and their college worthiness," Jarrat continued. That helps explain why, as I'm First's Rubinoff indicated, the schools to which these students end up resorting can end up being some of the poorest matches for them. The University of Tennessee in Knoxville offers one example of this dilemma. A flagship university in the South, the school graduates just 16 percent of its first—generation students, despite its overall graduation rate of 71 percent. Located only a few hours apart, The University of Tennessee and Tennessee State are worth comparing. Tennessee State's overall graduation rate is a tiny 39 percent, but at least it has a smaller gap between the outcomes for first—generation students and those of their peers.[ I] Still, the University of Tennessee deserves credit for being transparent. Many large institutions keep this kind of data secret—or at least make it incredibly difficult to find The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, for instance, admits only that the graduation rate for its first—generation pupils is "much lower" than the percentage of all students who graduate within four years (81 percent).[ J] It is actually quite difficult to freed reliable statistics on the issue for many schools. Higher education institutions are, under federal law, required to report graduation rates, but these reports typically only include Pell recipient numbers —not necessarily rates specific to first—generation students. Other initiatives fail to break down the data, too. Imagine how intimidating it can be for prospective students unfamiliar with the complexities of higher education to navigate this kind of information and then identify which schools are the best fit.[ K] It was this lack of information that prompted the launch of I'm First in , originally as an ann. of its umbrella organization, the Center For Student Opportunity."If we can help to direct students to more of these types of campuses and help students to understand them to be realistic and accessible places, have them apply to these schools at greater frequency and ultimately get in and enroll, we are going to raise the success rate," Rubinoff said, citing a variety of colleges ranging from large state institutions to smaller private schools.[ L] Chelsea Jones, who now directs student programming at I'm First, was a first—generation college student at Howard. Like other student new to the intimidating higher—education world, she often struggled on her path to college, "There wasn't really a college—bound culture at my high school," she said. "I wanted to go to college but I didn't reallyknow the process. " Jones became involved with a college—access program through Princeton University in high school. Now, she attributesmuch of her understanding of college to that: "But once I got to campus, it was a completely different ball game that no one really prepared me for. "[ M] She was fortunate, though. Howard, a well—regarded historically black college, had an array of resources for its first—generation students, including matching kids with counselors, commenting first—generation students to one another, and TRIO, a national program that supported 200 students on Howard's campus. Still, Jones represents a small percentage of first-generation students who are able to gain entry into more elite universities, which are often known for robust financial aid packages and remarkably high graduation rates for first—generation students.(Harvard, for example, boasts a six—year graduation rate for underrepresented minority groups of 98 percent. ) [ N]Christian Vazquez, a first—generation Yale graduate, is another exception, his success story setting him far apart from students such as Nijay. "There is a lot of support at Yale, to an extent, after a while, there is too much support," he said, half—joking about the countless resources available at the school. Students are placed in small groups with counselors ( trained seniors on campus) ;they have access to cultural and ethnic affinity (联络) groups, tutoring centers and also have asummer orientation specifically for first—generation students ( the latter being one of the most common programs for students).[ O]"Our support structure was more like : ' You are going to get through Yale; you are going to do well,' " he said, hinting at mentors (导师), staff, and professors who all provided significant support for students who lacked confidence about "belonging" at such a top institution.46. Many first—generation college—goers have doubts about their abilities to get a college degree.47. First—generation college students tend to have much heavier financial burdens than their peers.48. The graduation rate of first—generation students at Nijay's university was incredibly low.49. Some top institutions like Yale seem to provide first—generation students with more support than they actually need.50. On entering college, Nijay Williams had no idea how challenging college education was.51. Many universities simply refuse to release their exact graduation rates for first-generation students.52. According to a marketing executive, many students from low-income families don't know they could have achance of going to an elite university.53. Some elite universities attach great importance to building up the first—generation students' serf—confidence.54. I'm First distributes information to help first-generation college-goers find schools that are most suitable for them.55. Elite universities tend to graduate fan’s-generation students at a higher rate.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Saying they can no longer ignore the rising prices of health care, some of the most influential medical groups in the nation are recommending that doctors weigh the costs, not just the effectiveness of treatments, as they make decisions about patient care. The shift, little noticed outside the medical establishment but already controversial inside it, suggests that doctors are starting to redefine their roles, from being concerned exclusively about individual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent. In practical terms, the new guidelines being developed could result in doctors choosing one drug over another for cost reasons or even deciding that a particular treatment—at the end of life, for example—is too expensive. In the extreme, some critics have said that making treatment decisions based on cost is a form of rationing. Traditionally, guidelines have heavily influenced the practice of medicine, and the latest ones are expected to make doctors more conscious of the economic consequences of their decisions, even though there's no obligation to follow them. Medical society guidelines are also used by insurancecomoanies to help determine reimbursement (报销) policies. Some doctors see a potential conflict in trying to be both providers of patient care and facial.Overseers. "There should be forces in society who should be concerned about the budget, but they shouldn't be functioning simultaneously as doctors," said Dr. Martin Samuels at a Boston hospital. He said doctors risked losing the trust of patients if they told patients, "I'm not going to do what I think is best for you because I think it's bad for the healthcare budget in Massachusetts. " Doctors can face some grim trade—offs. Studies have shown, for example, that two drugs are about equally effective in treating macular degeneration, and eye disease. But one costs $ 50 a dose and the other close to $ 2,000. Medicare could save hundreds of millions of dollars a year if everyone used the cheaper drug, Avastin, instead ofthe costlier one, Lucentis. But the Food and Drug Administration has not approved Avastin for use in the eye. and using it rather than the alternative, Lucentis, might carry an additional, although slight, safety risk. Should doctors consider Medicare's budget in deciding what to use?"I think ethically (在道德层面上) we are just worried about the patient in front of us and not trying to save money for the insurance industry or society as a whole," said Dr. Donald Jensen. Still, some analysts say that there's a role for doctors to play in cost analysis because not many others are doing so. "In some ways," said Dr. Daniel Sulmasy, "it represents a failure of wider society to take up the issue. "56. What do some most influential medical groups recommend doctors do?A. Reflect on the responsibilities they are supposed to take.B. Pay more attention to the effectiveness of their treatments.C. Take costs into account when making treatment decisions.D. Readjust their practice in view of the cuts in health care.57. What were doctors mainly concerned about in the past?A. Specific medicines to be used.B. Effects of medical treatment.C. Professional advancement.D. Patients' trust.58. What may the new guidelines being developed lead to?A. The redefining of doctors' roles.B. Overuse of less effective medicines.C. Conflicts between doctors and patients.D. The prolonging of patients' suffering.59. What risk do doctors see in their dual role as patient care providers and financial overseers?A. They may be involved in a conflict of interest.B. They may be forced to divide their attention.C. They may have to use less effective drugs.D. They may lose the respect of patients.60. What do some experts say about doctors' involvement in medical cost analysis?A. It may add to doctors' already heavy workloads.B. It will help to save money for society as a whole.C. It results from society's failure to tackle the problem.D. It raises doctors' awareness of their social responsibilities.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Economic inequality is the "defining challenge of our time," President Barack Obama declared in a speech last monthto the Center for American Progress. Inequality is dangerous, he argued, not merely because it doesn't look good to have a large gap between the rich and the poor, but because inequality itself destroys upward mobility, making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty. "Increased inequality and decreasing mobility pose a fundamental threat to the American Dream," he said. Obama is only the most prominent public figure to declare inequality Public Enemy No. 1 and the greatest threat to reducing poverty in America. A number of prominent economists have also argued that it's harder for the poor to climb the economic ladder today because the rungs (横档) in that ladder have grown farther apart.For all the new attention devoted to the 1 percent, a new dam set from the Equality of Opportunity Project at Harvard and Berkeley suggests that, if we care about upward mobility overall, we're vastly exaggerating the dangers of the rich—poor gap. Inequality itself is not a particularly strong predictor of economic mobility, as sociologist Scott Winship noted in a recent article based on his analysis of this data. So what factors, at the community level, do predict if poor children will move up the economic ladder as adtdts? what explains, for instance, why the Salt Lake City metro area is one of the 100 largest metropolitan areas most likely to lift the fortunes of the poor and the Atlanta metro area is one of the least likely?Harvard economist Raj Cherty has pointed to economic and racial segregation, community density, the size of a community's middle class, the quality of schools, commitments religiosity, and family structure, which he calls the "single strongest correlate of upward mobility. " Chetty finds that communities like Salt Lake City, with high levels of two-parent families and religiosity, are much more likely to see poor children get ahead than communities like Atlanta, with high levels of racial and economic segregation. Chetty has not yet issued a comprehensive analysis of the relative predictive power of each of these factors. Based on my analyses of the data. of the factors that Chetty has highlighted, the following three seem to be most predictive of upward mobility in a given community.1. Per-capita (人均) income growth2. Prevalence of single mothers ( where correlation is strong, but negative)3. Per-capita local government spending In other words, communities with high levels of per-capita income growth, high percentages of two-parent families, and high local government spending-which may stand for good schools-are the most likely to help poor children relive Horatio Alger's rags-to-riches story.61. How does Obama view economic inequality?A. It is the biggest obstacle to social mobility.B. It is the greatest threat to social stability.C. It is the No. 1 enemy of income growth.D. It is the most malicious social evil of our time.62. What do we learn about the inequality gap from Scott Winship's data analysis?。

2023届辽宁省高三上学期12月联考历史试卷含解析

绝密★启用前辽宁省名校2022年高三12月份联合考试历史本试卷满分100分，考试时间75分钟。

注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、选择题：本题共16小题，每小题3分，共48分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求。

1.春秋时期，出奔是一项有准备、有选择、有退路的政治出行。

据统计，由中原地区的诸侯国向周边地区的出奔中，春秋前期是国君、公子出奔占主流，春秋中后期卿大夫及家臣逐渐成为出奔者的主流。

这一变化反映了2.汉代画像石保存了大量关于体育题材的资料，如蹴鞠、骑马、射箭、角抵等。

名将霍去病很喜欢蹴鞠，《汉书·霍去病传》记载“其在塞外，卒乏粮，或不能自振，而去病尚穿域踢鞠（开辟场地踢球）”这反映出3.“改汉姓”“定籍贯”是北魏孝文帝改革的具体措施。

学者目前共查到128篇北魏元氏墓志，其中明确记载籍贯为洛阳的有108篇，籍贯缺失的墓志有17篇，另有3篇墓志籍贯不明确。

对此解读正确的是4.冯友兰先生认为"在三、四世纪间，曾有一批道家试图使道家思想靠近儒家思想"；"在十一、十二世纪间，也有一批儒家试图使儒家思想靠近道家思想"。

对此理解正确的是A.体现出中国古代思想的既"出世"又"入世"“新儒家”，后者被称为“新道家”C.前者强调在政治上应当积极有为，为现实服务D.后者体现了古代朴素的唯物史观，要顺应自然5.15世纪以来，中国内部产生的对白银的巨大需求，推高了银价。

与此同时，日本、美洲的白银被大量运往中国。

从1465年到1550年的百年间，从海外流入中国的白银约有14000吨之多，是这一时期中国自产白银总量的近10倍。

2023年12月四级经济学考试真题第一套(含答案及原文)

2023年12月四级经济学考试真题第一套(含答案及原文)阅读理解Passage 1原文Good News - We’re Winning the War on Hunger答案1. The number of hungry people around the world has decreased to below 800 million for the first time in the past two decades.2. It is a significant achievement in the battle against poverty.3. Further efforts should be made to totally eradicate hunger.Passage 2原文The Importance of Education答案1. Education is a fundamental human right applicable to all people, regardless of their gender, race, or economic status.3. In developing nations, education is even more critical in providing individuals with an escape from extreme poverty and a chance for a brighter future.4. We should continue to fight for more and better-resourced schools in the world.完形填空原文Popularity and Social Influence1. A. popularity B. negativity C. anonymity D. pride2. A. confidence B. affection C. amusement D. recognition3. A. Instead B. Therefore C. However D. Consequently4. A. stability B. health C. behavior D. hygiene答案1. A2. D3. A4. B5. D翻译原文：Although the internet has brought many benefits, it also has a number of drawbacks. For example, it is now much easier to copy information from the internet than in the past. This can lead to problems such as plagiarism where people take the work of others and pass it off as their own. Additionally, there are many websites and forums thatspread misinformation, propaganda and hate speech which can promote dangerous and extremist views which may pose a threat to society. Therefore, we must be careful to use the internet responsibly and critically evaluate the content we see online.翻译：虽然互联网带来了许多好处，但它也有一些缺点。

浙江省2023_2024学年高三英语上学期首考12月模拟卷

注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第二部分阅读理解 (共两节，满分50分)第一节 (共 15 小题;每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。

AWelcome to “Cash Poor Points Rich”, a new travel blog dedicated to sharing experiences with credit card point s and miles to help you get big travel but for small spend. With the right planning and maximization of available resources, traveling as a college student may be easier than you think.Chengdu, ChinaIf visiting a place with happy locals is a priority for you, there's no better city to hit than Chengdu. It is home to pandas and spicy things. Moreover, the city's abundance of cultural and historical sights, together. with its laid-back lifestyle, make itself one of the most attractive and livable large cities too. Past travelers have spent, on average,¥ 158 on meals and about a quarter of that on local transportation for one day.Con Dao, VictnamTourism is pickin g up in Vietna m lately, where you can travel for about ¥ 100 per day if you play your cards right. Con Dao Island Nation Park, a group of dramatic tiny islands off the southern coast, is a great destination to see sea turtles and other wildlife while exploring the area on foot. Its thick jungle will give you a good chance to uncover a paradise of your own.Zakynthos, GreeceIf you're looking for an affordable European summer beach vacation, consider Zakynthos. Food is cheap and mouthwatering. There are plenty of free things to do, although the favorite is spending time on the beautiful beaches edged by electric blue water. There are countless options for swimming in the appealing sea, along with charming villages and museums to explore.New Orleans, U. S.New Orleans is an incredibly unique place in the U. S., full of fascinating history, absorbing culture, delicious food, and a constantly buzzing nightlife scene. There are actually a coupleof hostels in and near the French Quarter that offer reasonable accommodation rates for students.21. How much on average might be spent on meals and transportation in Chengdu per day?A.¥13.B.¥100.C.¥158.D.¥200.22. What do Con Dao and Zakynthos have in common?A. Rich cultures.B. Free tourist attractions.C. Impressive sea views.D. Large museums.23. What is the advantage of the French Quarter?A. It offers unique services for students.B. Hostels there are clean andmodern.C. The price of hostels there is affordable for students.D. It has the longest historyin New Orleans.BFor a number of Indians who for over half a century have replayed a race again and again,Milkha Singh’s 400meters final run at the Rome Olympics should be among the greatest heartbreaksin global sporting history. In fact, they hoped it would throw up a different result.However, continued praise for the man decades later is due to the effort by India's greatesttrack athlete on that September day in the Italian capital, though he still missed out on becomingIndia’s first Olympic track medalist.As he was growing up, he used to run barefoot daily on hot sand to school, which was situated20kilometers from his house. He thinks this was good training but knows it is not possible toask children to do this today. However, he does feel that the early identification of talentedathletes is also important for India's athletic teams to shine.India has in the last few years judged success purely in terms of medals, but looking intothe past reveals how a more generous generation saluted Milkha as a pioneer. Milkha is India’sfinest track athlete of all time. He remains the only Indian male to win an individual CommonwealthGames athletics gold—he won the 400 meters at Cardiff in 1958, the first athlete from independent India to do so.Since retiring from athletics, the former champion athlete has set up the Milkha Singh Charitable Trust, which helps poorer families survive if an athlete in their family has died.A percentage of the profits from the film Bhaag Milkha Bhaag are going to his trust.Finally, let's read a quote from Milkha himself: “There is no shortcut to success.” Ascene in the film shows Milkha Sing h running with injured feet—this actually happened. “Ihaven’t found an alternative to hard work. You need to be patient, dedicated and true to yourselfand your work.”24. What has won Milkha Singh continued praise?A. His early hard life experience.B. His outstanding athletictalent.C. His status in global sports history.D. His effort in the Olympicfinal.25. What does Milkha Sing h think of his early training?A. Exciting.B. Unbearable.C. Beneficial.D. Useless.26. What did Milkha Sing h do after his retirement?A. He turned into a movie actor.B. He learned to do business.C. He became an athletic trainer.D. He engaged in charity work.27. What can we learn from Milkha Singh’s words?A. Hard work leads to success.B. Do something different.C. Medals measure everything.D. Stick to your dream.CUsain Bolt burned about 10kcal of energy to win his gold during the 200-metre sprint finalat the Olympic Games, which could roughly power an old 60W light bulb for 1 1 minutes. If youcould make use of all the power generated by all the athletes during the Games, you would stillbe nowhere close to reaching the 29.5 billion Watts consumed overall by the athletes, spectatorsand organizers over the event. We take sport for granted, but do we ever consider its cost tothe planet?From the water required to maintain the golf course during The Masters tournament to thehundreds of flights it takes to bring football fans to a World Cup, major sports events are nothelping much in the fight against global heating. What's more, there is a lack of recognitionwithin sport of its responsibilities and little discussion about possible solutions.This is strange given that the effect works both ways: the climate crisis is not just affectedby sports, but it is already having a negative impact on many sports. When ice-climber Will Gaddset out to conquer the world's glaciers,he didn't realize it would become a race against climate change. “I thought glaciers arethere forever.” When he arrived at the summit, Gad d was shocked: “The ice…wasn’t there.The things I planned to climb were gone.”Global heating is noticeable in other sports. Amy Steel played professional net ball untilshe suffered from heatstroke after playing in 39°C conditions and unfortunately, the damagewas permanent. Not only that, but extreme weather events made more frequent as a result of global heating mean sporting events are more often delayed or cancelled. This has cost sport billions in potential earnings.Yet sport can be a powerful motivator: it can unite whole nations behind its teams. Could sport have a role to play in driving climate awareness? Will Gad d and Amy Steel are among many athletes who think so. One thing is certain. Sport must put climate change at the top of its agenda and decarbonize at a Usain Bolt-like pace to make a difference.28. What is the main focus of the first paragraph?A. The energy impact of sports events.B. Bolt's contribution to the environment.C. The amount of power generated by athletes.D. The reason for energy consumption in sports.29. Why does the writer use Will Gad d and Amy Steel as examples?A. They initiated climate-conscious sports.B. They sustained permanent injuries in sports.C. They fell victim to climate-related incidents.D. They achieved record-breaking performances.30. What effect of global heating on sports is mentioned in the text?A. Stricter facility restrictions.B. Substantial financial losses.C. Higher athlete training standards.D. Prolonged outdoor sports seasons.31. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Sports in the Climate CrisisB. Athletes against Global HeatingC. The Olympian Energy DilemmaD. The Environmental Cost of Outdoor SportsDDespite all the efforts students make to graduate with a science major, research has shown that most college science courses provide students with only a fragmented (碎片化的) understanding of fundamental scientific concepts. The teaching method improves memorization of separate facts, proceeding from one textbook chapter to the next without necessarily making connections between them, instead of learning how to use the information and connect those facts meaningfully.With that in mind, we developed a series of cross-disciplinary(跨学科的) activities. In our most recent study, we investigated how well college students could use their chemistry knowledge to explain real-world biological phenomena. To begin with, we interviewed 28 first-year college students majoring in sciences or engineering. All had taken both introductory chemistry and bi ology courses. We asked them to identify the content of these courses and what they believed to be the take-home messages from each course. The students responded with extensive lists of topics, concepts, and skills that they'd learned in class.Following that, a set of cross-disciplinary activities were designed to guide students in the use of core chemistry ideas and knowledge to help explain real-world biological phenomena. One activity explored the impacts of ocean acidification on seashells. Here, the students were asked to use basic chemistry ideas to explain how the increasing level of carbon dioxide in sea water is affecting shell-building marine animals such as corals, clams and oysters.Overall, the students felt confident of their chemistry knowledge. However, they had a harder time applying the same chemistry knowledge to explaining the biological phenomena. These findings highlight that a big gap remains between what students learn in their science courses and how well prepared they are to apply that information.The students in our study also reported that these activities helped them see links between the two disciplines that they wouldn't have perceived otherwise. The ability to make these connections is important beyond the classroom aswell, because it's the basis of science literacy(科学素养). So we also came away with evidence that our chemistry students at least would like to have the ability to have a deeper understanding of science and how to apply it.32. What does the existing science education fail to do according to the research?A. Extend students’ theoretical knowledge.B. Engage students in more outdoor activities.C. Encourage students to enjoy the learning process.D. Teach students to make connections among different subjects.33. What can we learn about the student interviewees in the first step of study?A. They have rich academic knowledge.B. They pay little attention to biology courses.C. They hardly identify the core ideas of science.D. They fully understand their major's importance.34. The activity about ocean acidification expects students to .A. analyse the exact composition of sea waterB. study some unusual phenomena under the seaC. come up with practical methods to protect sea lifeD. explain the effects of carbon dioxide on sea creatures35. What does the author see from the result of the study according to the last paragraph?A. The need to remove the unfairness in education.B. The difficulties of fostering cross-disciplinary abilities.C. The potential to promote students’ science literacy.D. The method of increasing students' practical skills.第二节 (共5 小题;每小题2.5分, 满分 12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2022年12月认证通用基础考试真题参考答案、解析

2022年12月认证通用基础考试真题参考答案、解析一、单选题(每题1分)1.质量基础设施(NQI)中，计量是指实现( )的活动。

A.测量仪表合格B.检验仪器、仪表C.单位统一、量值准确可靠D.测量易操作、便捷参考答案：C参考解析：《合格评定》P43，按照计量技术规范JJF 1001—2011《通用计量术语及定义》，计量是指实现单位统一、量值准确可靠的活动。

2.在合格评定功能法中，“规定要求满足情况的信息”是表达( )。

A.确定功能所有输出B.合格评定的程序C.合格评定的方法D. 申请方满足要求的程度参考答案：A参考解析：《合格评定》P84，合格评定确定的输出。

确定功能的所有输出以“规定要求满足情况的信息”来表示。

3.合格评定原则的目的是( )。

A.为提升合格评定对贸易的影响B.为提高合格评定活动的约束性C.为减少合格评定对贸易的负面影响D.为增加各成员国的贸易壁垒参考解析：《合格评定》P9，合格评定的原则。

为减少合格评定活动对贸易的负面影响，WTO/TBT 协议规定了各成员国合格评定的原则。

4.如果认证机构认为客户建议的检验方法不适当，以下合适的是( )。

A.不必通知顾客B.抓紧修改检验方法C.应通知客户D.按照惯例进行检验，然后通知客户结果参考答案：C参考解析：《合格评定》P177，检验方法。

如果检验机构认为客户建议的检验方法不适当，应通知客户。

5.合格评定功能法确定活动的目的是( )或其样品满足规定要求情况的完整信息。

A.审查合格评定B.分析合格评定C.评估合格评定D.获得合格评定对象参考答案：D参考解析：《合格评定》P83，(一)合格评定确定的目的。

进行合格评定确定活动的目的是获得关于合格评定对象或其样品满足规定要求情况的完整信息，在此基础上作出评价确定活动可能涉及检测、检查、审核或评审、同行评审等。

6.合格评定功能法选取的目的是( )。

A.确定合格评定的结果的表达方式B.收集或生成确定功能所需全部信息输入C.确定合格评定的主体责任人D.选择合格评定参考解析：《合格评定》P82，合格评定选取的要求。

202212月英语a级考试真题答案

202212月英语a级考试真题答案2022年12月英语A级考试真题答案Part 1: Listening Comprehension (25 points)1. What is the man’s problem?A. He has lost his passport.B. He missed his train.C. He can’t find his hotel.D. He forgot his luggage.Answer: B. He missed his train.2. What does the woman suggest the man do?A. Take the next train.B. Call a taxi.C. Walk to his hotel.D. Ask for directions.Answer: A. Take the next train.3. What is the woman probably doing?A. Cooking breakfast.B. Fixing her car.C. Shopping for groceries.D. Paying her bills.Answer: C. Shopping for groceries.4. What is the weather forecast for tomorrow?A. Rainy.B. Cloudy.C. Sunny.D. Snowy.Answer: C. Sunny.5. Where are the speakers?A. At a restaurant.B. In a taxi.C. At the airport.D. In a hotel.Answer: A. At a restaurant.6. What does the woman offer to do?A. Pay for the meal.B. Drive the car.C. Take a picture.D. Make a reservation. Answer: C. Take a picture.7. What is the man’s job?A. Doctor.B. Scientist.C. Teacher.D. Engineer.Answer: B. Scientist.8. What is the woman doing?A. Reading a book.B. Cooking dinner.C. Watching a movie.D. Listening to music. Answer: A. Reading a book.9. What is the woman’s opinion?A. The movie was too long.B. The actors were not good.C. The ending was surprising.D. The special effects were amazing.Answer: D. The special effects were amazing.10. Where is the woman going?A. The bank.B. The gym.C. The library.D. The post office.Answer: C. The library.Part 2: Reading Comprehension (25 points)11. According to the passage, what is the main purpose of the discussion?A. To explain the benefits of exercise.B. To introduce a new fitness program.C. To provide tips for losing weight.D. To debate the value of healthy eating.Answer: A. To explain the benefits of exercise.12. What is the author’s attitude towards fast food?A. Positive.B. Neutral.C. Negative.D. Dismissive.Answer: C. Negative.13. How does the author suggest people avoid getting sick?A. By eating more fruits and vegetables.B. By taking vitamins and supplements.C. By washing hands regularly.D. By getting enough sleep.Answer: A. By eating more fruits and vegetables.14. What is the passage mainly about?A. The importance of daily routines.B. The dangers of a sedentary lifestyle.C. The benefits of a healthy diet.D. The challenges of maintaining fitness.Answer: C. The benefits of a healthy diet.15. What does the passage suggest about stress management?A. It is essential for mental health.B. It is only necessary in extreme cases.C. It is easy to achieve with medication.D. It is often ignored by doctors.Answer: A. It is essential for mental health.Part 3: Vocabulary and Grammar (25 points)16. Choose the best synonym for “delicious”.A. Tasty.B. Bland.C. Sour.D. Spicy.Answer: A. Tasty.17. Which sentence is grammatically correct?A. She are going to the store.B. They will be arrived soon.C. He has eaten lunch already.D. We were went to the park.Answer: C. He has eaten lunch already.18. Choose the best word to complete the sentence: Please ________ the lights before you leave.A. close.B. open.C. turn off.D. turn on.Answer: C. turn off.19. Which sentence uses the correct form of the verb?A. She goed to the store yesterday.B. They have sing at the concert.C. He is swimming in the pool.D. We are went to the party.Answer: C. He is swimming in the pool.20. Choose the word that does not belong:A. Mango.B. Banana.C. Pineapple.D. Strawberry.Answer: D. Strawberry.Part 4: Writing (25 points)Essay Question: Describe a memorable vacation you took and explain why it was special to you.Answer: Last summer, I had the opportunity to travel to the beautiful island of Hawaii with my family. This vacation was particularly memorable for me because it was the first time we had all been able to get away together in several years. The stunning beaches, clear blue water, and lush green landscapes made for a truly unforgettable experience.One of the highlights of our trip was snorkeling in the crystal-clear ocean waters. We were able to see an abundance of colorful fish, coral reefs, and even a few sea turtles swimming gracefully past us. The feeling of weightlessness and freedom as we explored the underwater world was truly magical.Additionally, we hiked to the top of a dormant volcano and watched the sunrise over the island. The vibrant colors of the sky as the sun rose, casting a warm glow over the landscape, was a sight I will never forget. It was a moment of tranquility and beauty that I will always cherish.Overall, this vacation was special to me because it allowed me to bond with my family, explore a new and breathtaking destination, and create lasting memories that I will treasure for a lifetime. Hawaii will always hold a special place in my heart, and I look forward to returning one day to relive the magic of that unforgettable trip.In conclusion, the 2022 December A-level English exam tested students on their listening comprehension, reading comprehension, vocabulary, grammar, and writing skills. With proper preparation and practice, students were able to demonstrate their proficiency in English language proficiencyacross various domains. Good luck to all the exam takers, and may they achieve the results they desire.。

2023年12月山东省英语四级考试真题

2023年12月山东省英语四级考试真题In December 2023, the English Level Four examination in Shandong Province presented a series of challenges that tested the linguistic capabilities and comprehension skills of thousands of students. The examination, a pivotal moment in the academic journey of many, was not merely a test of knowledge but a gateway to future opportunities.The examination paper was structured to evaluate a wide range of skills. The listening section, always a hurdle for non-native speakers, required acute concentration and the ability to discern details amidst the distraction of accents and pacing. The reading comprehension passages, drawn from a variety of sources, demanded not only a quick understanding but also the ability to infer and deduce. The writing section was a true test of expressive ability, asking students to craft essays that were coherent, cogent, and creative.For many examinees, the preparation for this examination was a months-long process. It involved not just the rote memorization of vocabulary but also the immersion in the language through films, music, and literature. Language learning, after all, is not a passive activity; it is an active engagement with culture, context, and communication.The examination's significance extended beyond the score. It was about the affirmation of one's dedication to mastering a language that opens doors worldwide. It was about the recognition of the effort put into understanding not just words and grammar but also idioms and nuances that only come alive in everyday usage.Moreover, the examination served as a reflection of educational standards and aspirations. It highlighted the importance placed on English proficiency in a globalized world where such a skill is not just advantageous but often essential. The focus on English in the curriculum is a testament to the foresight of educational policymakers who understand the role language plays in the interconnected world of the 21st century.In conclusion, the English Level Four examination of December 2023 in Shandong Province was more than a mere academic exercise. It was a milestone for the studentswho undertook it, a measure of their linguistic journey, and a marker of their readiness to step into a world where language skills will be a crucial part of their toolkit for success.As they await their results, they can take pride in the knowledge that they have risen tothe challenge and are prepared for the next step in their academic and professional lives. 。

202312月英语a级考试真题及答案

202312月英语a级考试真题及答案2023 December English A-Level ExamPart A: Reading Comprehension (50 points)Read the following passage and answer the questions below.Passage:Climate change is one of the biggest challenges facing the world today. As global temperatures rise, we are witnessing more frequent extreme weather events such as hurricanes, floods, and droughts. The consequences of climate change are already being felt, with rising sea levels threatening coastal communities, melting ice caps leading to habitat loss for polar animals, and changing weather patterns affecting agriculture.Question 1: What is one of the main challenges facing the world today?Question 2: Give an example of an extreme weather event that is becoming more frequent.Question 3: How are rising sea levels affecting coastal communities?Question 4: What is one consequence of melting ice caps?Question 5: How is agriculture being impacted by changing weather patterns?Part B: Vocabulary and Grammar (50 points)Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.1. I ________ to the store yesterday. (go/went)2. She ________ a book when the phone rang. (read/was reading)3. The ________ of the movie surprised everyone.(end/ending)4. My brother is ________ than me. (taller/the tallest)5. Can you ________ me a favor? (do/make)Part C: Writing (50 points)Write an essay of at least 300 words on the following topic:"Some people believe that the government should do more to combat climate change, while others argue that it is the responsibility of individuals to make changes in their own lives. What is your opinion on this issue?"Please answer all questions in the space provided and make sure to write clearly and legibly.Good luck on your exam!。

2021年12月b级英语考试真题及答案

2021年12月b级英语考试真题及答案全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12021 December B-level English Exam Questions and AnswersPart 1: Reading ComprehensionRead the text below and answer the questions that follow.The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant changes in the way we work. Remote work has become the new norm for many employees, with companies adopting virtual communication tools to keep teams connected. While this has its benefits, such as flexibility and reduced commuting time, it also poses challenges, such as feelings of isolation and difficulty in separating work and personal life.Question 1: What is one benefit of remote work mentioned in the text?Question 2: What is one challenge of remote work mentioned in the text?Part 2: Vocabulary & GrammarChoose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence.1. I _____ my keys on the kitchen counter this morning.a) leaveb) leftc) have left2. The new employee _____ a great job on the project.a) didb) doc) has done3. Please _____ me a call when you arrive.a) giveb) gavec) will givePart 3: WritingWrite an essay of about 200 words on the following topic:"Discuss the impact of technology on education in the 21st century."Answers:Part 1:1. Flexibility2. IsolationPart 2:1. b) left2. c) has done3. a) givePart 3:Technology has revolutionized education in the 21st century, providing students with access to information and resources like never before. Online learning platforms, video conferencing tools, and educational apps have made learning more flexible and convenient. However, the overreliance on technology has also raised concerns about the quality of education and the digital divide among students. In conclusion, while technology has greatly enhanced the learning experience, it is essential tostrike a balance between traditional teaching methods and digital innovations in education.篇22021 December B-Level English Exam Questions and AnswersPart I Writing (30 points)Section A: Writing (20 points)Question 1: Write an essay of no less than 150 words on the topic "The Importance of Education in Today's Society."In today's society, education plays a crucial role in shaping individuals and the world around us. Education is not only about acquiring knowledge and skills but also about fostering critical thinking, creativity, and social awareness. It empowers individuals to make informed decisions, contribute to their communities, and adapt to a rapidly changing world. Furthermore, education promotes social mobility, reduces poverty, and enhances economic growth.Question 2: Write an email of about 100 words to a friend inviting them to attend a concert with you next weekend.Dear [Friend's Name],I hope this email finds you well. I wanted to invite you to a concert next weekend. It's going to be an amazing event with great music and a fun atmosphere. I think you would really enjoy it. Let me know if you're interested in joining me. I can't wait to spend some time with you and have a great time together. Hope to see you there!Best,[Your Name]Section B: Translation (10 points)Translate the following passage into English:中国是一个拥有悠久历史和丰富文化遗产的国家。

2022~2023年初一12月月考历史考题同步训练(江苏省沭阳县修远中学)

选择题秦统一后规定在全国范围内统一使用的货币是A. 刀形币B. 蚁鼻钱C. 铲形币D. 圆形方孔半两钱【答案】D【解析】试题分析：战国时期不仅各国自铸货币，而且在一个诸侯国内的各个地区也都自铸货币。

以赵国的铲币、齐国的刀币、秦国的圆形方孔钱、楚国的蚁鼻钱较著名。

秦统一后规定圆形方孔钱为全国统一使用的货币，因此选D。

选择题2018年3月，十三届全国人民代表大会第一次会议通过的《宪法修正案》第125条规定，中华人民共和国国家监察委员会是最高监察机关。

监察制度，我国古已有之，秦朝负责监察百官的是A. 刺史B. 丞相C. 太尉D. 御史大夫【答案】D【解析】根据课本所学，秦朝统一后，秦始皇创立了一套封建专制主义的中央集权制度。

最高统治者称皇帝，总揽全国一切军政大权。

在中央，设立丞相、太尉、御史大夫．丞相协助皇帝处理国家政事，太尉掌管军事，御史大夫负责监察百官，他们互不统属，都对皇帝负责。

D项符合题意；BC两项不合题意；西汉时期建立刺史制度，把全国划分13个州部，每州部派刺史管理。

A项不合题意。

由此可知ABC 三项不合题意，故选择D。

选择题斯塔夫里阿诺斯《全球通史》记载：“周以后的秦朝尽管存在时间短暂，却用一个组织得很严密的帝国结构取代了周朝的制度……所有这些使中国得到了世界上最稳定、最持久的统治。

”秦朝在地方上取代了周制的“帝国结构”是指()A. 分封制B. 郡县制C. 郡国并行制D. 行省制【答案】B【解析】结合所学知识可知，秦朝在地方上实行政治制度是郡县制，取代了周朝的分封制，B符合题意；分封制是西周，A不符合题意；郡国并行制是汉朝，C不符合题意；行省制是元朝，D不符合题意；所以答案选择B。

选择题秦始皇巡游各地时，往往要刻石记功。

当时，刻石用的文字应该是( ) A. 甲骨文B. 小篆C. 楷书D. 行书【答案】B【解析】依据所学可知，秦始皇建立秦朝后，以小篆作为全国统一文字颁行全国，秦始皇刻石记功用的文字应该是小篆，B项符合题意，故此题选B。

12月电气考题

12月电气专业考试题一、填空题：1、珙县电厂发电机为东方电机厂生产，型号为，全封闭、强制润滑、水/氢/氢冷却、整体合金钢转子、三相交流隐极式同步发电机。

额定输出功率，额定容量，额定功率因数。

2、珙县电厂发电机定、转子绕组均采用绝缘，按绝缘的温升使用。

3、珙县电厂发电机定子额定电压，定子额定电流。

4、珙县电厂发电机额定励磁电压，额定励磁电流。

5、珙县电厂发电机空载励磁电压，空载励磁电流。

6、珙县电厂发电机一阶临界转速，二阶临界转速。

7、珙县电厂发电机励磁变接线组别，高压侧额定电流。

8、珙县电厂发电机励磁系统功率柜均流系数，最大输出电压。

9、珙县电厂发电机励磁系统磁场开关额定电流，断口数目。

10、珙县电厂发电机额定条件下定子冷却水流量，冷却水压低于发电机氢压的压差。

11、发电机集电环表面无变色、过热现象，其温度不高于。

12、当发电机电压低于额定电压时，调节器强励秒，强励电流9540A。

运行人员在秒内不得干涉。

13、电机铁芯温度为冷态，电机铁芯温度为热态。

二、系统图（包含设备名称等详细）1、发电机、主变、高厂变组接线图。

2、220kV升压站接线图。

三、操作题1、发电机励磁系统送电步骤？2、发电机励磁系统停电步骤？四、问答题1、启动6kV辅机前的电气注意事项？（启动6KV辅机前应先确认对应的6KV母线电压是否正常，启动时应监视6KV母线电压、辅机的启动电流及启动时间。

凡带有电加热装置的电机，启动前应先退出电加热装置。

）2、我厂发电机励磁方式？（自并励静止可控硅励磁）3、发电机中性点侧CT主要作用？（机差及后备保护Ⅰ、Ⅱ，励磁调节器Ⅰ，有功、无功电度表）4、发电机出口侧CT主要作用？(机差及后备保护Ⅱ及变差Ⅱ, 机差及后备保护Ⅰ及变差Ⅰ, 励磁调节器Ⅱ, 测量表计)5、发电机励磁系统起励电源交流辅助电源及磁场开关操作电源取自哪里？6、发电机励磁系统由哪几部分组成？当有2台整流柜退出运行时，能否继续运行？7、发电机励磁系统完成起励的前提条件有哪些？8、如何操作增、减运行中发电机的无功？9、发电机励磁系统PSS投入条件有哪些？10、发电机励磁系统PSS投、退的操作步骤？11、发电机励磁系统最大励磁电流限制器、最小励磁电流限制器有何作用？12、发电机励磁系统定子电流限制器、P/Q 限制器有何作用？13、发电机励磁系统着火处理？14、发电机励磁系统低励限制动作如何处理？15、发电机励磁系统过励限制动作如何处理？16、发电机励磁系统强励动作如何处理？17、发电机起励失败时如何排除故障？。

2022年12月英语a级考试真题

2022年12月英语a级考试真题2022年12月英语A级考试真题Part 1 Listening Comprehension (听力理解) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 sentences. Each sentence will be spoken only once. After you have heard each sentence, you will see a picture. From the four choices marked A, B, C and D, choose the picture that best fits the sentence you have heard. Unless the sentence is blank, mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)1. How many children are playing in the park?2. What is the man doing in the garage?3. Where is the woman?4. What is the boy doing now?5. Who is standing in front of the blackboard?6. What will the weather be like tomorrow?7. What is the woman doing?8. Who is talking on the phone?9. What is the man doing?10. Who is holding the red book?Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear several short conversations. The conversations will be spoken two times. After you have heard a conversation, read the question and the four choices given. Choose the best answer to the question from the four choices. Unless the conversation is blank, mark your answer on your ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)11. What does the woman want to buy?A. A new dress.B. A pair of shoes.C. A scarf.D. A handbag.12. What does the woman need help with?A. Finding a hotel.B. Buying train tickets.C. Ordering food.D. Practicing English.13. Where are the speakers?A. In a supermarket.B. In a library.C. In a bookstore.D. In a restaurant.14. What is the man doing now?A. Having breakfast.B. Watching TV.C. Reading a newspaper.D. Watering plants.15. What time does the woman have to leave?A. At 7:00.B. At 7:30.C. At 8:00.D. At 8:30.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear several short passages. Each passage will be spoken two times. After you have heard a passage, read the five questions and the four choices given. Choose the best answer to each question from the four choices. Unless the passage is blank, mark your answer on your ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)Passage 116. Where are the speakers?A. In a hospital.B. In a school.C. In a market.D. In a park.17. What does the man do?A. He is a doctor.B. He is a teacher.C. He is a driver.D. He is a policeman....。