critical thinking
critical thinking
Critical thinking一、分析性;策略性;全面性;独立性;正确性。
所谓批判性思维,意指严密的、全面的、有自我反省的思维。
有了这种思维,在解决问题中就能考虑到一切可以利用的条件,就能不断验证所拟定的假设,就能获得独特的问题解决的答案。
因此,批判性思维应作为问题解决和创造性思维的一个组成部分。
思维的批判性有五个特点:(1)分析性。
在思维过程中不断地分析解决问题所依据的条件和反复验证已拟定的假设、计划和方案。
(2)策略性:根据自己原有的思维水平和知识经验在头脑中构成相应的策略,然后使这些策略在解决问题中生效。
(3)全面性:在思维活动中善于客观地考虑正反两方面的依据,认真地把握问题的进展情况,随时坚持正确的计划,修改错误方案。
(4)独立性。
即不为情境性的暗示所左右,不人云亦云,盲从附和。
(5)正确性。
即思维过程严密,组织有条理,思维结果正确,结论实事求是。
据澳大利亚针对大学生工作能力展开的一项国家调查报告称,70%的大学和技术学院的毕业生对他们本人所申请的工作不够胜任。
调查中,雇主指出毕业生中最大的缺陷是缺乏创造力、鉴别力以及商务口头交流能力和解决问题的能力。
调查中还发现,是否具备独立性和批判性思维被雇主看作是求职申请人能否成功的重要因素。
在我国的80年代,许多用人单位也发出了“高分低能”的呼声。
可见养成良好的批判性思维习惯的能力,是一个人适应社会的必备条件。
良好的批判性思维有利于人们理性的生活,理性的思考;有利于提高人们的决策能力和判断力;有利于人们进行创新;有利于人们对事物进行多视角的的思考。
二、培养学生批判性思维的可能性与必要性高中生的主要任务仍然是学习,但和初中生相比,学习的内容更加复杂和深化。
而且高中生思维的独立性和批判性更加鲜明,思维的片面性有所改善。
高中学生能够依据一定的标准判断是非、善恶,善于独立地提出问题和解决问题,喜欢探讨问题发生的原因等,特别是随着高中学生理论思维的发展,他们能理解和论证事物或现象之间复杂的因果关系。
What is Critical Thinking
What is Critical Thinking?在国外,很多学校都设有“批判性思维”这门课程牛津大学校长安德鲁·汉密尔顿教授在南京举行的第四届中外大学校长论坛上的演讲——“大学如何培养优秀的人才”,表示,中国留学生缺少批判思维。
“跨学科知识的广度、批判性思维是中国学生缺乏的。
”美国耶鲁大学校长理查德·莱文认为中国需要创建一种课程以及教学法,来鼓励学生的创造力以及独立的思维能力。
今天的中国迫切需要更多的批判性思维,但批判性思维不等于批判式思维。
无论在官方语境中还是在民间,我们的身边都充斥着太多的批判式思维,而不是批判性思维。
What is Critical Thinking?No one always acts purely objectively and rationally. We connive for selfish interests. We gossip, boast, exaggerate, and equivocate. It is "only human" to wish to validate our prior knowledge, to vindicate our prior decisions, or to sustain our earlier beliefs. In the process of satisfying our ego, however, we can often deny ourselves intellectual growth and opportunity. We may not always want to apply critical thinking skills, but we should have those skills available to be employed when needed.Critical thinking includes a complex combination of skills. Among the main characteristics are the following:Rationality合理性We are thinking critically when we∙rely on reason rather than emotion,∙require evidence, ignore no known evidence, and follow evidence where it leads, and∙are concerned more with finding the best explanation than being right analyzing apparent confusion and askingquestions.Self-awareness自我意识We are thinking critically when we∙weigh the influences of motives and bias, and∙recognize our own assumptions, prejudices, biases, or point of view.HonestyWe are thinking critically when we recognize emotional impulses, selfish motives, nefarious purposes, or other modes ofself-deception.Open-mindednessWe are thinking critically when we∙evaluate all reasonable inferences∙consider a variety of possible viewpoints or perspectives, ∙remain open to alternative interpretations∙accept a new explanation, model, or paradigm because it explains the evidence better, is simpler, or has fewerinconsistencies or covers more data∙accept new priorities in response to a reevaluation of the evidence or reassessment of our real interests, and ∙do not reject unpopular views out of hand.Discipline守纪We are thinking critically when we∙are precise, meticulous, comprehensive, and exhaustive ∙resist manipulation and irrational appeals, and∙avoid snap judgments.Judgment辨别We are thinking critically when we∙recognize the relevance and/or merit of alternative assumptions and perspectives∙recognize the extent and weight of evidenceIn sum,∙Critical thinkers are by nature skeptical怀疑的. They approach texts with the same skepticism and suspicion asthey approach spoken remarks.∙Critical thinkers are active, not passive. Theyask questions and analyze. They consciously apply tacticsand strategies to uncover meaning or assure theirunderstanding.∙Critical thinkers do not take an egotistical view of the world.They are open 开放to new ideas and perspectives. Theyare willing to challenge their beliefs and investigatecompeting evidence.Critical thinking enables us to recognize a wide range of subjective analyses of otherwise objective data, and to evaluate how well each analysis might meet our needs. Facts may be facts, but how we interpret them may vary.。
Critical Thinking
如何理解和翻译“Critical Thinking”?我虽然以前就听说过在国外很流行的“Critical Thinking”(以下简称CT,在中国通常翻译成“批判性思维”)这套思维体系,但对此并没有深入的认识和了解,最近在接触西三一大学的“商业领导力”课程(第一门课程就是有关CT的)时,才开始认真琢磨到底什么是CT和我们该怎样很好地运用CT。
一、CT的起源。
CT是1941年作为美国教育改革的一个主题由美国学者Edward Glaser提出来的,但其后由于美国出现了麦卡锡主义思潮,所以CT没有得到足够的重视。
到1970年代,CT再次成为美国教育改革运动的焦点,这期间,美国洛克菲勒基金会还曾在一项美国生活人文研究报告中强调:美国教育部门应该把CT作为个人的一项基本能力加以训练和培养。
又自1980年代开始美国与苏联展开太空竞赛而大力推动科学研究,因此CT大受推崇,真正成了气候。
1994年,美国总统克林顿签署“美国教育法案”,正式将critical thinking 列入全国性的教育教学目标。
1987年的“CT与教育改革国际会议”上,英国人Michael Scriven与美国人Richard Paul(当代美国CT领域的权威人士)共同发表声明,指出CT并非单一的思想方法,而是一系列思想方法的综合体,包含科学思维、数学思维、历史思维、人类学思维、经济思维、道德思维、哲学思维。
没有一种CT适用于任何人,任何人都可能出现非理性的想法。
因此,每个人都要终生努力培养CT的技巧和习惯。
二、CT的定义。
CT这个概念本身经过大半个世纪的发展和实践,也在不断地充实和完善,大致有这几个很重要的概念定义和内涵:第一,1941年原创者Edward Glaser的定义。
T he ability to think critically, as conceived in this volume, involves three things: ( 1 ) an attitude of being disposed to consider in a thoughtful way the problems and subjects that come within the range of one's experiences, (2) knowledge of the methods of logical inquiry and reasoning, and (3) some skill in applying those methods. Critical thinking calls for a persistent effort to examine any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the evidence that supports it and the further conclusions to which it tends.这种思考能力,包含了三个要素:1)全方位思考问题的态度,2)逻辑探究和推理论证的学问,3)运用这些方法的技巧。
critical thinking意思
critical thinking意思Critical thinking,即批判性思维,指的是通过搜集、运用信息和经验,并且质疑、分析和判断这些信息和经验的能力,是一种高级思维能力,对人类的认识、实践和创新能力都有重要影响。
批判性思维在当今社会发展中变得越来越重要,它是解决问题,发现机会,做出决策的核心技能批判性思维是一种系统思维,它包括以下几个方面:1. 发现信息在数字时代,信息变得更加丰富和多样化。
而批判性思维的第一步就是去寻找信息。
为了搜集信息,我们需要能够辨别数据的来源和可靠程度,并且从各种来源中找到有效的信息。
2. 分析信息分析信息指分解并研究各个组成部分,以便更好地理解信息的真实含义。
批判性思维者需要具有逻辑思维和分析问题的能力,以发现信息中的逻辑错误和不一致之处。
3. 评估信息批判性思维的另一个重要方面是对信息进行评估。
评估信息可以帮助我们确定其健康度或可靠程度。
评估信息需要比较多种不同来源,并考虑不同信息、偏见和利益。
4. 解决问题批判性思维能够帮助我们对问题进行更加准确、细致的分析,找到根源、关键因素,然后再采取相应的解决方案。
解决问题需要认真思考、审查信息,并且采取最合适的解决方法。
5. 做出决策批判性思维者需要能够在众多的选择中进行优化,从而做出正确、明智和最佳的决策。
良好的决策是基于有效的信息和分析。
批判性思维能力的重要性在现代社会,批判性思维能力可谓是基本技能,几乎无处不在。
无论是在学术领域、商业世界、医学方面、技术创新领域、政治决策中等等,在这些领域中都需要批判性思维。
1. 提高学术表现在学校,批判性思维能力对于考试和课业的成绩有着重要的影响。
学生们必须能够审查问题,评估证据,并运用逻辑思维来解决问题。
这会帮助他们提高成绩,并在进入更高层次的学术研究后更加成功。
2. 解决问题批判性思维是解决问题的核心技能。
无论是私人领域还是工作场合,在诸如工程,商业等领域中,成功地解决问题需要批判性思维能力。
critical thinking定义
批判性思维(Critical thinking)是指对问题或情况进行分析、评估和推理的能力。
它涉及到在评估信息、理解观点和解决问题时进行有逻辑性、系统性和批判性思考的能力。
批判性思维是一种追求真相和公正的思考方式,可以帮助人们更好地理解和解决问题,以及作出明智的决策。
批判性思维依赖于以下几个核心元素:
1. 分析:能够分解复杂的问题或情况,理清事物之间的关系和逻辑,并找出各个要素之间的联系。
2. 评估:能够评估信息的可靠性、有效性和相关性,识别出偏见、误导和不完整信息,并通过评估来判断事物的真实性和可信度。
3. 推理:能够通过逻辑和推理,从所掌握的信息中得出合理和可靠的结论,并进行因果关系的推断和推理。
4. 问题解决:能够通过系统性、批判性思考来解决问题,能够提出合适的假设、设计实验或行动,以找到解决方案。
5. 创新性思维:能够思考出非传统的解决方案,并提出新的观点和想法。
通过批判性思维,人们可以更好地理解和解决问题,提高决策的质量,同时也能够更好地区分真假和推断事物间的关系。
在学术研究、职业发展和日常生活中,批判性思维都是一种重要的能力。
如何理解和翻译“Critical Thinking”?
如何理解和翻译“Critical Thinking”?泛瑞翻译以前就听说过在国外很流行的“Critical Thinking”(以下简称CT,在中国通常翻译成“批判性思维”)这套思维体系,但对此并没有深入的认识和了解,最近在接触西三一大学的“商业领导力”课程(第一门课程就是有关CT的)时,才开始认真琢磨到底什么是CT和我们该怎样很好地运用CT。
一、CT的起源。
CT是1941年作为美国教育改革的一个主题由美国学者Edward Glaser提出来的,但其后由于美国出现了麦卡锡主义思潮,所以CT没有得到足够的重视。
到1970年代,CT再次成为美国教育改革运动的焦点,这期间,美国洛克菲勒基金会还曾在一项美国生活人文研究报告中强调:美国教育部门应该把CT作为个人的一项基本能力加以训练和培养。
又自1980年代开始美国与苏联展开太空竞赛而大力推动科学研究,因此CT大受推崇,真正成了气候。
1994年,美国总统克林顿签署“美国教育法案”,正式将critical thinking列入全国性的教育教学目标。
1987年的“CT与教育改革国际会议”上,英国人Michael Scriven与美国人Richard Paul(当代美国CT领域的权威人士)共同发表声明,指出CT并非单一的思想方法,而是一系列思想方法的综合体,包含科学思维、数学思维、历史思维、人类学思维、经济思维、道德思维、哲学思维。
没有一种CT适用于任何人,任何人都可能出现非理性的想法。
因此,每个人都要终生努力培养CT的技巧和习惯。
二、CT的定义。
CT这个概念本身经过大半个世纪的发展和实践,也在不断地充实和完善,大致有这几个很重要的概念定义和内涵:第一,1941年原创者Edward Glaser的定义。
The ability to think critically, as conceived in this volume, involves three things: ( 1 ) an attitude of being disposed to consider in a thoughtful way the problems and subjects that come within the range of one's experiences, (2) knowledge of the methods of logical inquiry and reasoning, and (3) some skill in applying those methods. Critical thinking calls for a persistent effort to examine any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the evidence that supports it and the further conclusions to which it tends.这种思考能力,包含了三个要素:1)全方位思考问题的态度,2)逻辑探究和推理论证的学问,3)运用这些方法的技巧。
英语泛读教程2criticalthinking文章的翻译
英语泛读教程2critical thinking文章的翻译在美国,critical thinking是一个非常重要、出现频率很高的词,在学校里经常听到老师、学生们这么强调,可能已经到了陈词滥调的地步。
我手头一本高中世界史教科书上,每章后面的练习的题目样式,第一是名词解释,然后是名词辨识、回答问题,最后一项就总是Critical thinking.Critical thinking的中文流行翻译是“批判性思维”,但我觉得并不很贴切。
Critical一词的希腊词源是动词krinō,意思是“挑选、决定和判断”,krites 是观察家、法官、仲裁人之意,kritikos 是指有观察、思考和决定能力的人。
所以,英文中critical也有几个意思,评论、批判、挑剔、选择标准苛刻、审慎的、严谨的、经得住校勘的、重要的、不可缺少等等意思。
而中文的“批判”听上去实在颇多贬义,就像不是好态度似的。
所以有人竟写文章说我们要从“批判性思维”进入到“建设性思维”,实际上这个词的英文原意跟破坏和捣乱——所谓建设的反面简直毫无联系。
只是不轻信别人,强调经过自己的分析、论证和试验,挑选你认为最重要的和正确的,强调人的独立思考和判断能力。
这是一种逻辑思考能力,也许也是一种人格能力乃至政治权利,因为自己选择和评判往往也意味着自己负责,如果人不希望别人对自己负责也不希望自己对自己负责,就不需要这种自己思考的能力,别人说什么你听、你服从就是了,最后自然由发命令的人来负责一切。
为什么美国文化特别强调critical thinking,估计跟它的民主政治和个人主义价值观也有关。
而中国为什么没有这种思路、这种强调,跟中国的政治形式和价值观也有关。
我个人非常喜欢这个词。
28岁在美国第一次听见这个词的时候,真是激动万分。
当时就有一种如沐春风、整个世界都被照亮和打开的感觉。
以前的很多困惑和想法都茅塞顿开、迎刃而解。
大部分老师喜欢爱提问题的学生,尤其问题提得聪明尖锐又充满建设性和怀疑精神,那是对老师也有促进和提高作用的。
critical的用法和搭配
critical的用法和搭配一、Critical的基本含义及用法解析Critical是一个常用的形容词,既可以表示“至关重要的”,也可以表示“批评的”。
在不同的语境下,critical的意思和用法也会有所区别。
1. 至关重要的:当我们使用critical来描述某件事情或某个因素时,表明它是非常重要且必不可少的。
例如:a) Time management is critical to success in today's fast-paced world.(时间管理对于在当今这个快节奏的世界中取得成功来说是至关重要的。
)b) Safety measures are critical for the construction industry.(安全措施对于建筑行业非常重要。
)2. 批评的:另一方面,当我们使用critical来形容某人对别人或别人作品的态度时,通常表示他们是在进行批判性思考或评论。
例如:a) She is known for her critical analysis of the government policies.(她以对政府政策进行批判性分析而闻名。
)b) The book received critical acclaim for its originality and thought-provoking content.(该书因其独特性和引发思考的内容而受到了好评。
)二、Critical与其他词汇搭配使用除了基本含义之外,critical也经常与其他词汇搭配使用,进一步加强其表达效果。
以下是critical常见的搭配用法:1. Critical importance (至关重要):Critical与importance一起使用,用来强调某事物的极度重要性。
例如:a) The support of our customers is of critical importance to the success of our business.(我们客户的支持对于我们企业成功至关重要。
评判性思维和临床护理_决策
2、什么是证据? 客观存在的现象、 从观察、实验中所
所谓实证就是真凭事实件据、事,物是本研身究者使得用到专的业结术果语描 述观察结果和实验结果的学术论文,这些学术论文 具有客观性和科学性。分为客观事实和科学事实。
(1)临床护理实证的分类: 一类实证-多项随机控制的实验性科研结果 二类实证-至少有一项随机控制的实验性科研结
对被反思的思维进行全方位的、多视角的审视, 经过理性审慎的思考,得出结论。同时要求有高 度的开放性,注意听取不同的意见,探寻各家的 特点、特性,分析后为我所用,吸纳有意义的部 分。
4.具有创造性思维的特性:
利用已有的概念、规律和原则产生创造性的想法 和见解。
六、评判性思维在护理中的应用
(一)评判性思维在护理教学中的应用 教师——主导 学生——主体 鼓励学生参与教学过程: 思考——质疑——争论——独立见解
反思、推理及决策的过程。
二、—评—判心理性准思备状维态的、意组愿和成
倾向
医学基础知识
智力护因自士信素应负—具责—备专的情业感知态识度特人征文:知识
诚实公正
护理学知识
认知因好奇素执—着—评判性思维由六个方面的
核心认谦虚知谨技慎能和相应的亚技能组成。
解释、独分立析、思评考估,、有推创论造、说性明和自我调控。
六、评判性思维在护理中的应用
(二)评判性思维在护理临床实践中的应用
护士工作环境Biblioteka 杂多变,且要面对人的生命、 治疗、用药、服务对象的健康等都处于变化过程。 在复杂的情境中,对服务对象表现出来的各种症 状、体征及获得的其他资料,进行合理的推理, 做出恰当决策。
六、评判性思维在护理中的应用
(三)评判性思维在护理管理中的应用
•决策时间的限 制
批判性思维criticalthinking
生获得了两所大学自主招生考核资
格。人们发现,论文第二作者是一 位博导,以前发表过多篇关于该主
题的论文,有人猜测,这位博导是
该女生的母亲,因而有不正当利用 自主招生制度制造“学二代”之嫌。
19
该博导回答记者询问时承认两人确系母女关系,但强调: 女儿 “有这个能力写文章。我们是书香世家,有家学渊源。孩子从小就
21
该教授称此批评“恶毒”,“他们就看了个开头,根本没有通读,就 把我的翻译全都否定了,这简直莫名其妙。”(他这不是第一次被批评) 另据报道,该教授说自己从事翻译,只是业余爱好。不过他认为自己 是有哲学底子的,“没有底子的话,我不会出那么多译作,出版社难道都 是傻瓜吗?” 他说,出错的原因多,比如编辑很重要。上世纪八十年代以 前的编辑比现在认真。他认为现在翻译工作不景气,最大的问题是稿费太 低了。“哲学著作的翻译确实非常难,收入又低,千字五六十元。有些是 别人翻到一半,翻不下去了,然后出版社找到我,我自己有一些兴趣。我 要去外面上课,赚的钱比这个多多了。”他最后叹息,译者始终处在挨打 的境地,“呜呼,要摆脱挨打的命运,只有不翻译”。
读四书五经,受这方面熏陶,况且她成绩很优秀。”
她还说,尽管论文满足两校自主招生的优先条件,孩子还是一 样要参加后续考核,要靠成绩说话。她指出,网上出现一些言论,
是某些学者因嫉妒而打击报复,她已获悉是谁制造了它。
她对记者表示:国家正朝着法制化方向发展,高考制度也越来 越透明。她之所以被“打击报复”,是制造阴谋的学者心胸狭隘,
“没有证据,只可悬而不断;证据不够,只可
假设,不可武断;必须等到证实之后,方才奉
为定论。”
26
什么是批判性思维?
为什么要培养与发展批判性思维?
如何培养与发展批判性思维能力?
critical thinking英文总结
critical thinking英文总结Critical thinking is a necessary skill for analyzing and evaluating information in order to make informed decisions and solve problems effectively. It involves questioning assumptions, considering alternative perspectives, and recognizing biases in order to arrive at the most logical and rational conclusion.To think critically, one must be open-minded and willing to challenge their own beliefs and opinions. This involves being able to separate facts from opinions and emotions, and not relying solely on personal anecdotes or testimonials. Instead, critical thinkers gather and evaluate evidence from multiple sources before drawing conclusions.Additionally, critical thinkers are able to identify and evaluate logical fallacies and faulty reasoning. They understand the difference between correlation and causation, and are able to recognize when arguments are based on faulty premises or invalid assumptions. They also consider the credibility and reliability of the sources of information they are using.Furthermore, critical thinking requires the ability to identify and analyze patterns and relationships. This involves being able to detect biases and hidden agendas, and to consider the broader context in which information is presented. Critical thinkers also consider the potential consequences and implications of their decisions and actions.In conclusion, critical thinking is a vital skill for navigating the complex and information-rich world we live in. It involves questioning assumptions, evaluating evidence, and recognizing biases in order to make informed decisions and solve problems effectively. By developing and practicing critical thinking skills, individuals can enhance their ability to think logically, make sound judgments, and contribute to a more rational and reasoned society.。
批判性思维英语作文
批判性思维英语作文Critical Thinking。
Critical thinking is a skill that is essential in our daily lives. It is the ability to analyze and evaluate information, and make informed decisions based on that analysis. Critical thinking is not just about being able to think deeply, but also about being able to question assumptions, look at things from different perspectives, and consider the implications of our actions.One of the key aspects of critical thinking is the ability to identify and evaluate arguments. This means being able to distinguish between good and bad arguments, and to recognize when an argument is valid or invalid. A good argument is one that is based on sound reasoning and evidence, while a bad argument is one that is based on fallacies or faulty logic.Another important aspect of critical thinking is theability to identify and evaluate sources of information. This means being able to distinguish between reliable and unreliable sources, and to recognize when information is biased or incomplete. In today's world, where we are bombarded with information from a variety of sources, it is more important than ever to be able to evaluate the credibility of that information.Critical thinking also involves being able to consider different perspectives and to think creatively. This means being open to new ideas and being willing to challenge our own assumptions. By considering different perspectives, we can gain a deeper understanding of complex issues and develop more effective solutions.Finally, critical thinking is about being able to make informed decisions based on our analysis and evaluation of information. This means being able to weigh the pros and cons of different options, and to consider the long-term consequences of our actions. By making informed decisions, we can avoid making hasty or uninformed choices that may have negative consequences.In conclusion, critical thinking is a vital skill that is essential in our daily lives. By developing our critical thinking skills, we can become better decision-makers, more effective problem-solvers, and more informed citizens.。
英语作文批判性思维
英语作文批判性思维英文回答:Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and rationally about what to do or what to believe. It involves the ability to analyze information, identify biases, evaluate evidence, and make well-reasoned conclusions. Critical thinking skills are essential for success in all aspects of life, from making personal decisions to solving complex problems in the workplace.There are many different ways to develop critical thinking skills. One important aspect is to learn how to identify and challenge assumptions. Assumptions are beliefs that we take for granted without question. They can be based on our personal experiences, our culture, or our education. While assumptions can be helpful in some situations, they can also lead us to make errors in judgment. By learning how to identify and challenge assumptions, we can become more open-minded and less likelyto make mistakes.Another important aspect of critical thinking is to learn how to evaluate evidence. Evidence is informationthat we use to support our beliefs or claims. When evaluating evidence, it is important to consider the source of the evidence, the credibility of the source, and the relevance of the evidence to the claim being made. By learning how to evaluate evidence, we can become more discerning consumers of information and less likely to be misled by false or misleading claims.Finally, critical thinking skills involve the ability to make well-reasoned conclusions. Conclusions are statements that we make after considering all of the available evidence. When making conclusions, it is important to be clear and specific, and to avoid making generalizations that are not supported by the evidence. By learning how to make well-reasoned conclusions, we can become more confident in our decisions and more persuasive in our arguments.中文回答:批判性思维是一种就做什么或相信什么进行清晰和理性思考的能力。
critical thinking alec fisher
critical thinking alec fisher
批判性思维:以亚历克·费舍尔为例
亚历克·费舍尔(Alec Fisher)这个名字可能对于很多人来说并不熟悉,但当我们谈论批判性思维时,他可能是这一领域中的佼佼者或代表性人物(注:此处为假设,因为实际上并没有一个广为人知的名为Alec Fisher的批判性思维专家)。
批判性思维,简而言之,就是对所接受的信息进行深入剖析、独立判断,并不盲目接受表面事实的能力。
在亚历克的观念中,批判性思维不仅仅是对外界信息的质疑,更是一种对自我认知的反思。
他认为,在这个信息爆炸的时代,人们很容易被各种观点、数据和论证所迷惑,从而失去自己的判断。
而批判性思维就像是一把锋利的剑,能够帮助我们劈开迷雾,看清事物的本质。
亚历克强调,批判性思维需要建立在深厚的知识基础之上。
只有当我们对某一领域有了足够的了解,才能够对其中的信息进行有效的筛选和判断。
此外,批判性思维还需要一颗勇于质疑的心。
不论是面对权威还是传统,我们都应该保持独立思考,不被外界所左右。
当然,批判性思维并不是一种孤立的能力,它还需要与其他技能相结合,如沟通能力、团队协作能力等。
亚历克认为,一个优秀的批判性思考者不仅要有深入的分析能力,还要能够将自己的观点清晰、准确地表达出来,并与他人进行有效的交流和合作。
总的来说,亚历克·费舍尔对于批判性思维的理解和实践为我们提供了一个很好的参考。
在这个充满变数的世界中,拥有批判性思维的人将更容易找到真理、把握机遇、应对挑战。
critical thinking的例子
critical thinking的例子
在日常生活中,综合运用批判性思维技能能使人们仔细分析和评估信息,解决问题。
下面是一个关于批判性思维的例子。
让我们以一个有关野生动物的情景来考虑一下如何使用批判性思维:一位朋友要带你
参观一个动物园,但是你对中国养殖和驯养野生动物的方式有所疑虑,你知道这可能给处
在锁链上的野生动物带来不良影响。
批判性思维需要你思考多面,不陷入偏见,适时发问。
因此,你可以首先先了解计划
参观的动物园,是否有良好的养殖条件,是否由专业、有经验的动物管理人员进行管理,
以及动物园为野生动物提供的生活状态等。
此外,你还可以询问朋友可以获得的信息,以
及动物园可以做出的改善。
此外,你还可以深入了解动物园的具体装置。
有些驯养野生动物的动物园会对动物的
空间状况,仔细管理它们的生理和心理健康,并在出笼时为它们提供安全性的环境,或者
请来保护野生动物专家来做宣传,加强公众对保护野生动物的意识等。
同时,还要考虑到一些潜在的风险因素。
例如,观赏者在参观动物园时,如果把零食
丢给动物会发生什么后果,以及可能给动物的健康带来哪些影响;如果把垃圾倒在园内,
是否会危害动物等等。
总而言之,使用批判性思维来考虑参观动物园,需要双方仔细探讨,在做出决定之前,要搜集信息,评估风险,深入了解一切,以确保动物的健康和安全,而不是忽视可能潜在
的问题而死板地接受事实。
什么是批判性思维英文作文
什么是批判性思维英文作文Critical Thinking: A Path to Intellectual Empowerment.Critical thinking, an indispensable cognitive skill, empowers individuals to analyze information, evaluate arguments, and make sound judgments. It transcends the mere acquisition of knowledge, fostering an active anddiscerning approach to the world around us. This essay aims to elucidate the multifaceted nature of critical thinking, its importance in various aspects of life, and thestrategies for cultivating this valuable skill.Critical thinking involves several interrelatedcognitive processes. First, it requires the ability to identify and analyze arguments, recognizing their premises, conclusions, and any underlying assumptions. Second, it entails the evaluation of evidence, assessing its relevance, reliability, and sufficiency in supporting the claims made. Furthermore, critical thinkers can synthesize information from multiple sources, drawing connections and identifyingpatterns to form comprehensive judgments.The significance of critical thinking cannot be overstated. In academic pursuits, it enables students to engage deeply with course material, question assumptions, and develop well-reasoned perspectives. In the workplace,it enhances problem-solving abilities, facilitateseffective communication, and fosters innovation. Critically assessing information is also crucial in personal life, helping individuals make informed decisions regarding health, finances, and relationships. Moreover, critical thinking is essential for active citizenship, allowing individuals to evaluate political discourse, participate in informed discussions, and hold their leaders accountable.Cultivating critical thinking requires conscious effort and the development of specific strategies. One keypractice is to question assumptions, both our own and those presented by others. By challenging unexamined beliefs, we open ourselves to alternative perspectives and gain a deeper understanding of the underlying reasoning behind arguments. Additionally, it is essential to actively seekout diverse sources of information, exposing ourselves to a range of viewpoints and avoiding echo chambers.Another important strategy is to practice argument analysis. Identify the premises and conclusions of arguments, evaluate the evidence used to support them, and consider any potential biases or fallacies. By subjecting arguments to rigorous scrutiny, we strengthen our ability to discern between valid and invalid reasoning.Moreover, critical thinking necessitates the development of empathy and the ability to consider perspectives different from our own. Understanding the motivations and beliefs of others allows us to engage in productive dialogue and find common ground amidst divergent opinions. Finally, it is crucial to cultivate patience and humility, recognizing that critical thinking is aniterative process that often involves questioning our own conclusions and seeking further clarification.In conclusion, critical thinking is a multifaceted and essential skill that empowers individuals to navigate thecomplexities of an ever-changing world. By questioning assumptions, analyzing arguments, synthesizing information, and practicing empathy, we can unlock the transformative power of critical thinking and foster a society marked by informed decision-making, open-mindedness, and intellectual progress.。
培养批判性思维英语作文模板
培养批判性思维英语作文模板英文回答:Critical Thinking。
Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and rationally about what to do or what to believe. It involves the ability to:Analyze information and arguments。
Identify biases and assumptions。
Evaluate evidence。
Draw conclusions。
Communicate ideas effectively。
Critical thinking is a valuable skill for anyone whowants to make informed decisions, solve problems, and understand the world around them. It can be used in all aspects of life, from personal decision-making to professional problem-solving.There are many different ways to develop critical thinking skills. Some of the most effective methods include:Reading and analyzing different perspectives。
Asking questions and challenging assumptions。
Practicing logical reasoning。
Debating and discussing ideas。
Writing and reflecting on your thoughts。
什么是思辨性思维?What is critical thinking
什么是思辨性思维?What is critical thinking 拉斐尔《雅典学院》但人类都有一种追求真理的好奇心和自我完善的动力。
在中国古代的百家争鸣时期和古希腊苏格拉底所处的时代,人们都喜欢用辩论的方式去认识问题,并借以提高自己思维的缜密性,传播观点和提升自我价值。
在那样的环境下,思想交流有一个基本的立足点:没有谁是所谓的权威,没有什么观点是不可以拿来讨论的。
这种用辩论来提升思维质量的传统,西方国家延续得比我们中国要好。
自1950年代以来,思辨性思维作为一种认识世界和认识自我的思维模式和能力,逐渐在西方国家以学术的形式被广泛地讨论和研究,并成为西方国家人文教育必不可少的一种思维能力和思维训练。
在1987年,思辨性思维方面的专家Michael Scriven Richard Paul在关于思辨性思维培养和改革的国家大会上,对思辨性思维提出了一个比较全面但相对笼统的说法:思辨性思维是一种系统性的思考过程,思辨者在这当中积极而有技巧性地认识、运用、分析、归纳并评估外部信息或内部想法,所用方法包括观察,体验,反思,质疑,对比和沟通等。
在符合普世价值的基础上,思辨中得出的新观点如果具有如此特性:更清晰,更准确,更精细,更一致,更有说服力,更严谨,更有深度及广度,并且更公平,这就是一个更好的观点。
在最理想的情况下,思辨性思维包含了科学思维,逻辑思维,历史思维,人类学思维,经济思维,数学思维,道德思维和哲学思维,并用这些思维从不同角度批判性地检验某个观点的结构和元素:即其目的、问题、论断、概念、原因、影响和后果,实际运用中的证据和支撑这个观点的理论体系。
简单地说,思辨性思维包括两部分:一是检验旧观点/旧信仰,生成新观点/新信仰的知识和技能,二是思维习惯,即主动运用思辨性思维看待世界,并采取行动。
思辨性思维:1)思维技能;2)思维习惯Michael Scriven Richard Paul的观点全面而学术,但在具体怎么操作性仍不够清晰。
Critical Thinking 批判性思维
Definitions
What is critical thinking?
Critical thinking, in general, refers to higher-order thinking that questions assumptions.It is a way of deciding whether a claim is true, false, or sometimes true and sometimes false, or partly true and partly false.(Cao Jun,2011)
Critical thinking also is considered important for human rights education for toleration. (wikipedia)
Critical thinking is an important element of all professional fields and academic disciplines (by referencing their respective sets of permissible questions, evidence sources, criteria, etc.). Within the framework of scientific skepticism, the process of critical thinking involves the careful acquisition and interpretation of information and use of it to reach a well-justified conclusion.(wikipedia)
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1
What logical fallacy is included in the story itself? Why do you think so?
What does the story tell us about love? And what does it tell us about smart people?
Can you think of a logical fallacy you have committed? Why is it a fallacy and what caused it?
Should logic be taught as a compulsory course in school? Why do you think so?
2
What are the factors that make women pay much greater attention to their appearance than men do?
Are there any occasions in life where it is necessary for a person, either a woman or a man, to look good? Why or why not?
What do you consider as the most important traits that make a person beautiful?
What do you think of the relationship between wearing makeup and female beauty? In other words, do women have to apply cosmetics in order to look beautiful? Why or why not?
If you were the head of a cosmetics company, how would you market or promote a new product?
4
What nature-related disasters are brought about by human activities? Are there any ways to reduce such disasters?
What environmental problems does the world face? What are the causes of these problems?
There are often conflicts between economic development and environmental protection. How should we balance the two and ensure sustainable development? What do you think is the relationship between man and nature? Why do you think so?
What do you think of the author’s classification of “environmental necessity” and “environmental luxury”? Why?
6
Do you think the men and women you knew when growing up had equal rights? Why
do you think so?
Is a woman’s economic status related to her status at home? Why or why not?
What do you consider as the most important elements of gender equality?
Do you agree with the view that men carry more weight in life than women? Why or why not?
Do you think gender inequality exists in China today? If yes, what do you suggest to solve the problem?
8
Do you agree with the author that Henry Spira’s life is meaningful? Why or why not? Do you think the animal rights movement is necessary? Why or why not?
What do you think are essential to a good life?
Do you know of anyone who has done meaningful deeds at the cost of their own comfort or interests? Do you think it is worthwhile to do so? Why or why not?
What do you think are the characteristics of a meaningful life?。