STC89C52处理芯片-毕业论文外文翻译
基于STC89C52单片机的太阳能智能充电系统外文翻译毕业论文
毕业论文(设计)文献翻译本翻译源自于：维基百科wikiMicrocontroller毕业设计名称:基于STC89C52单片机的太阳能智能充电系统外文翻译名称：微控制器学生姓名：张钱勇院 (系)：电子信息学院专业班级：电气10803 指导教师：唐桃波辅导教师：唐桃波时间： 2012年4月15日至 2012年4月24日微控制器英特尔8742的核心, 片上集成12 MHz的CPU, 128字节的RAM, 2048字节EPROM, 以及IO设备。
微控制器，也称单片机（有时缩写为μC，UC或MCU）是一种在单个集成电路上包含一个控制器核心，内存和可编程输入输出外设的小型计算机。
类型为NOR Flash或OTP ROM的存储器也往往包括在芯片上，以及通常少量的RAM。
微控制器(MCU)是专为嵌入式应用，而相比之下，个人电脑或其他一般用途的应用中使用微控制器(CPU)。
微控制器用于自动控制产品和设备，如汽车发动机控制系统，植入式医疗设备，遥控器，办公设备，家用电器，电动工具，玩具。
比起使用一个单独的微控制器，内存和输入输出设备，微控制器通过降低尺寸和成本来更经济地数控更多的设备和流程。
混合信号微控制器是很常见的，整合了需要控制非数字电子系统的模拟组件。
有些微控制器可使用四位字长，操作频率的时钟速率低至4 kHz来实现低功耗（毫瓦或微瓦）。
他们通常在等待一个事件，如按一个按钮或其它中断时进入节能状态，处于节能状态（CPU时钟和大部分的外设关闭）时功耗可能只有纳瓦级别，使得他们很适合用电池供电长期工作。
其他微控制器，像数字信号控制器（DSP），可能需要注重性能，他们有更大的计算量，更高的时钟速度和更大的功耗。
历史在1971年第一款单片机4位英特尔4004被发布, 在随后的数年时间里英特尔8008和其它功能更为强大微控制器也开始出现。
然而,控制器需要外部芯片来实现某工作方式,这就提高了整个系统的成本,使它不能成为经济的电子器件。
单片机外文翻译--8位8字节闪存单片机AT89C52
电子与信息工程学院本科毕业论文(设计)外文文献翻译译文题目： 8-bit Microcontroller With 8K Bytes Flash AT89C52 学生姓名：专业：电气工程及其自动化指导教师：2012年11月外文资料8-bit Microcontroller With 8K Bytes Flash AT89C52FeaturesCompatible with MCS-51™ Products8K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash MemoryEndurance: 1,000 Write/Erase CyclesFully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHzThree-level Program Memory Lock256 x 8-bit Internal RAM32 Programmable I/O LinesThree 16-bit Timer/CountersEight Interrupt SourcesProgrammable Serial ChannelLow-power Idle and Power-down ModesDescriptionThe AT89C52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 8K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51 and 80C52 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C52 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.Pin ConfigurationsBlock DiagramPin DescriptionVCCSupply voltage.GNDGround.Port 0Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bi-directional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as high-impedance inputs. Port 0 can also be configured to be the multiplexed low-order address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode, P0 has internal pull-ups. Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming and outputs the code bytes during program verification. External pull-ups are required during program verification.Port 1Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (I IL) because of the internal pull-ups. In addition, P1.0 and P1.1 can be configured to be the timer/counter 2 external count input (P1.0/T2) and the timer/counter 2 trigger input (P1.1/T2EX), respectively, as shown in the following table. Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during Flash programming and verification.Port 2Port 2 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 2 outputbuffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (I IL) because of the internal pull-ups. Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data memories that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX @DPTR). In this application, Port 2 uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memories that use 8-bit addresses (MOVX @ RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register. Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits and some control signals during Flash programming and verification.Port 3Port 3 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 3 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (I IL) because of the pull-ups. Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the AT89C51, as shown in the following table. Port 3 also receives some control signals for Flash programming and verification.RSTReset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the device.ALE/PROGAddress Latch Enable is an output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during Flash programming. In normal operation, ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency and may be used for external timing or clocking purposes. Note, however, that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external data memory. If desired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of SFR location 8EH. With the bit set, ALE is active only during a MOVX or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the pin is weakly pulled high. Setting the ALE-disable bit has no effect if the microcontroller is in external execution mode.PSENProgram Store Enable is the read strobe to external program memory. When the AT89C52 is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to external data memory.EA/VPPExternal Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH. Note, however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally latched on reset. EA should be strapped to V CC for internal program executions. This pin also receives the 12-volt programming enable voltage (V PP) during Flash programming when 12-volt programming is selected.XTAL1Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.XTAL2Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.Special Function RegistersA map of the on-chip memory area called the Special Function Register (SFR) space is shown in the Table 1.Note that not all of the addresses are occupied, and unoccupied addresses may not be implemented on the chip. Read accesses to these addresses will in general return random data, and write accesses will have an indeterminate effect. User software should not write 1s to these unlisted locations, since they may be used in future products to invoke new features. In that case, the reset or inactive values of the new bits will always be 0.Timer 2 RegistersControl and status bits are contained in registers T2CON and T2MOD for Timer 2. The register pair (RCAP2H, RCAP2L) are the Capture/Reload registers for Timer 2in 16-bit capture mode or 16-bit auto-reload mode.Interrupt RegistersThe individual interrupt enable bits are in the IE register. Two priorities can be set for each of the six interrupt sources in the IP register.Data MemoryThe AT89C52 implements 256 bytes of on-chip RAM. The upper 128 bytes occupy a parallel address space to the Special Function Registers. That means the upper 128 bytes have the same addresses as the SFR space but are physically separate from SFR space.When an instruction accesses an internal location above address 7FH, the address mode used in the instruction specifies whether the CPU accesses the upper 128 bytes of RAM or the SFR space. Instructions that use direct addressing access SFR space. For example, the following direct addressing instruction accesses the SFR at location 0A0H .MOV 0A0H, #dataInstructions that use indirect addressing access the upper 128 bytes of RAM. For example, the following indirect addressing instruction, where R0 contains 0A0H, accesses the data byte at address 0A0H, rather than P2 (whose address is 0A0H).MOV @R0, #dataNote that stack operations are examples of indirect addressing, so the upper 128 bytes of data RAM are available as stack space.Timer 0 and 1Timer 0 and Timer 1 in the AT89C52 operate the same way as Timer 0 and Timer 1 in the AT89C51.Timer 2 is a 16-bit Timer/Counter that can operate as either a timer or an event counter. The type of operation is selected by bit C/T2 in the SFR T2CON.Timer 2 has three operating modes: capture, auto-reload (up or down counting), and baud rate generator. The modes are selected by bits in T2CON, as shown in Table 3.Timer 2 consists of two 8-bit registers, TH2 and TL2. In the Timer function, the TL2 register is incremented every machine cycle. Since a machine cycle consists of 12 oscillator periods, the count rate is 1/12 of the oscillator frequency.In the Counter function, the register is incremented in response to a 1-to-0 transition at its corresponding external input pin, T2. In this function, the external input is sampled during S5P2 of every machine cycle. When the samples show a high in one cycle and a low in the next cycle, the count is incremented. The new count value appears in the register during S3P1 of the cycle following the one in which the transition was detected. Since two machine cycles (24 oscillator periods) are required to recognize a 1-to-0 transition, the maximum count rate is 1/24 of the oscillator frequency. To ensure that a given level is sampled at least once before it changes, the level should be held for at least one full machine cycle.Capture ModeIn the capture mode, two options are selected by bit EXEN2 in T2CON. If EXEN2 = 0, Timer 2 is a 16-bit timer or counter which upon overflow sets bit TF2 in T2CON.This bit can then be used to generate an interrupt. If EXEN2 = 1, Timer 2 performs the same operation, but a 1-to-0 transition at external input T2EX also causes the current value in TH2 and TL2 to be captured into RCAP2H and RCAP2L, respectively. In addition, the transition at T2EX causes bit EXF2 in T2CON to be set. The EXF2 bit, like TF2 can generate an interrupt. The capture mode is illustrated inAuto-reload (Up or Down Counter)Timer 2 can be programmed to count up or down when configured in its 16-bit auto-reload mode. This feature is invoked by the DCEN (Down Counter Enable) bit located in the SFR T2MOD. Upon reset, the DCEN bit is set to 0 so that timer 2 will default to count up. When DCEN is set, Timer 2 can count up or down, depending on the value of the T2EX pin.Figure 2 shows Timer 2 automatically counting up when DCEN = 0. In this mode, two options are selected by bit EXEN2 in T2CON. If EXEN2 = 0, Timer 2 counts up to 0FFFFH and then sets the TF2 bit upon overflow. The overflow also causes the timer registers to be reloaded with the 16-bit value in RCAP2H and RCAP2L. The values in Timer in Capture ModeRCAP2H and RCAP2L are preset by software. If EXEN2 = 1, a 16-bit reload can be triggered either by an overflow or by a 1-to-0 transition at external input T2EX. This transition also sets the EXF2 bit. Both the TF2 and EXF2 bits can generate an interrupt if enabled.Setting the DCEN bit enables Timer 2 to count up or down, as shown in Figure 3. In this mode, the T2EX pin controls the direction of the count. A logic 1 at T2EX makes Timer 2 count up. The timer will overflow at 0FFFFH and set the TF2 bit. This overflow also causes the 16-bit value in RCAP2H and RCAP2L to be reloaded into the timer registers, TH2 and TL2, respectively.A logic 0 at T2EX makes Timer 2 count down. The timer underflows when TH2 and TL2 equal the values stored in RCAP2H and RCAP2L. The underflow sets the TF2 bit and causes 0FFFFH to be reloaded into the timer registers. The EXF2 bit toggles whenever Timer 2 overflows or underflows and can be used as a 17th bit of resolution. In this operating mode, EXF2 does not flag an interrupt.外文资料译文：8位8字节闪存单片机AT89C52主要性能●与MCS-51单片机产品兼容●8K字节在系统可编程Flash存储器●1000次擦写周期●全静态操作：0Hz～24Hz●三级加密程序存储器●256×8位内部存储器●32个可编程I/O口线●三个16位定时器/计数器●八个中断源●可编程串行通道●低功耗空闲和掉电模式功能特性描述AT89S52是一种低功耗、高性能CMOS8位微控制器，具有8K内置可编程闪存。
电子密码锁中英文对照外文翻译文献
电子密码锁中英文对照外文翻译文献This article discusses the design of a matrix keyboard and LCD display based on a microcontroller unit (MCU) for use in electronic password locks。
The keyboard and display are crucial components of the lock。
allowing users to input their password and receive feedback on the lock's status。
The design includes a 4x4 matrix keyboard and a 16x2 LCD display。
both of which are controlled by the MCU。
The article provides a detailed n of the design process。
including the hardware and are components。
and XXX.nXXX and electronic components to provide users with access control。
One key component of these locks is the keyboard and display。
which allow users to input their password and receive feedback on the lock's status。
In this article。
we will discuss the design of a matrix keyboard and LCD display based on an MCU for use in electronic password locks.DesignThe design of the matrix keyboard and LCD display is based on an MCU。
STC89C52处理芯片——单片机类毕业设计外文翻译、中英文翻译
STC89C52处理芯片——单片机类毕业设计外文翻译、中英文翻译外文资料翻译STC89C52 processing chip Prime features: With MCS - 51 SCM product compatibility, 8K bytes in the system programmable Flash memory, 1000 times CaXie cycle, the static operation: 0Hz ~ 33Hz, triple encryption program memory, 32 programmed I/O port, three 16 timer/counter, the eight uninterrupted dual-career UART serial passage, low power consumption, leisure and fall after fall electric power mode can be awakened and continuous watchdog timer and double-number pointer, power identifier. Efficacy: characteristics STC89C52 is one kind of low power consumption, high CMOS8 bit micro-controller, 8K in system programmable Flash memory. Use high-density nonvolatile storage technology, and industrial 80C51 product instruction and pin fully compatible. The Flash memory chips allows programs in the system, also suitable for programmable conventional programming. In a single chip, have clever 8 bits CPU and online system programmable Flash, increase STC89C52 for many embedded control system to provide high vigorous application and useful solutions. STC89C52 has following standard efficacy: 8k byte Flash RAM, 256 bytes, 32 I/O port, the watchdog timer, two, three pointer numerical 16timer/counter, a 6 vector level 2 continuous structure, the serial port, working within crystals and horological circuit. In addition, 0Hz AT89S52 can drop to the static logic operation, support two software can choose power saving mode. Idle mode, the CPU to stop working, and allows the RAM, timer/counters, serial, continuous to work. Protection asana pattern, RAM content is survival, vibrators frozen, SCM, until all the work under a continuous or hardware reset. 8-bit microcontrollers 8K bytes in the system programmable Flash AT89S52 devices. Mouth: P0 P0 mouth is a two-way open drain I/O. As export, each can drive eight TTL logic level. For P0 port to write "1", foot as the high impedance input. When access to external programs and numerical memory, also known as low P0 mouth eight address/numerical reuse. In this mode, with the internal P0 resistor. In the flash when programming, also used for P0 mouth; absorb instruction bytes In the process, the output command byte calibration. When the program requires external, calibration on pull-up resistors. Mouth: P1 mouth P1 is an internal resistance of the eight two-way I/O buffers can drive, P1 output four TTL logic level. To write "1" P1 port, the internal resistance to port, can push as input mouth. When used as input, external and internal foot because of low resistance, will output current (IIL). In addition, P1.0 and P1.2 respectively timer/counter 2 external counting input (P1.0 / T2) and when the trigger editor/counter P1.1 input (2), specific T2EX/are shown below. In programming and calibration, flash P1mouth absorb eight address low byte. Efficacy: the foot. P1.0 T2 (timer/counter T2 external counting input), clock output P1.1 T2EX (timer/counter T2 capture/overloaded triggered signals and direction control), P1.5 MOSI (with) online system programming, P1.6 MISO (with) online system programming, P1.7 SCK (with) online system programming, Mouth: P2 P2 mouth is an internal resistance of the eight two-way I/O buffers and P2 output can drive four TTL logic level. To write "1" P2 port, the internal resistance to port, can push as input mouth. When used as input, external and internal foot because of low resistance, will output current (IIL). In the external program memory access or use 16bit external numerical memory address read (for example MOVX execution DPTR @), P2 mouth send out high 8 address. In this application, P2 mouth on the internal use strong pull send 1. In using 8-bit address (such as MOVX @ RI) access to external numerical memory, P2 mouth output P2 latches content. In programming and calibration, flash P2 mouth also absorb high eight address byte and some control signal. P3: a P3 mouth on the inside of the eight two-way pull-up resistors I/O buffers can drive, p2 output four TTL logic level. For P3 port to write "1", the internal resistance to port, can push as input mouth. When used as input, external and internal foot because of low resistance, will output current (IIL). P3 mouth AT89S52 special functions (also as the second efficacy), are shown below. In programming and calibration, flash also absorb some P3 mouth controlsignals. Port pin second efficacy: P3.0 RXD (serial input) P3.1 TXD (serial export), P3.2 INTO the discontinuous (0) P3.3 INT1 (1) the discontinuous P3.4 (time/counter TO 0) P3.5 T1 (1) time/counter, P3.6 WR (external numerical memory write for) P3.7 RD (external numerical memory read for) In addition, also absorb some used in mp3 mouth FLASH memory programming and calibration of program control signals. RST, reset input: when the vibrator, RST pin appeared two machine cycle above high level will be reset the chip. ALE/PROG - when access to external program memory or numerical memory, ALE (address latch allow) output pulses are used to latch address of low eight bytes. Normally, ALE with clock frequencies are 1/6 output pulse si。
外文翻译---STC89C52 数据手册
附录B：外文文献及译文STC89C52 Date SheetDescriptionThe STC89C52 is a low-power，high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8Kbytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip，the Atmel STC89C52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.The STC89C52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash，256 bytes of RAM，32 I/O lines，Watchdog timer，two data pointers，three 16-bit timer/counters，a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture，a full duplex serial port，on-chip oscillator，and clock circuitry. In addition，the STC89C52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM，timer/counters，serial port，and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator，disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset.VCCSupply voltage.GNDGround.Port 0Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional I/O port. As an output port，each pin can sink eight TTL inputs. When 1sare written to port 0 pins，the pins can be used as highimpe dance inputs. Port 0 can also be configured to be the multiplexed loworder address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode，P0 has internal pullups. Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming and outputs the code bytes during program verification. External pullups are required during program verification.Port 1Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. The Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins，they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs，Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pullups.In addition，P1.0 and P1.1 can be configured to be the timer/counter 2 external count input (P1.0/T2) and the timer/counter 2 trigger input (P1.1/T2EX)，respectively，Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during Flash programming and verificationPort 2Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. The Port 2 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins，they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data memory that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX @DPTR). In this application，Port 2 uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that use 8-bit addresses (MOVX @ RI)，Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register. Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits and some control signals during Flash programming and verification.Port 3Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. The Port 3 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins，they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs，Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pullups. Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the STC89C52，as shown in the following table. Port 3 also receives some control signals for Flash programming and verification.RSTReset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the device. This pin drives High for 96 oscillator periods after the Watchdog times out. The DISRTO bit in SFR AUXR (address 8EH) can be used to disable this feature. In the default state of bit DISRTO，the RESET HIGH out feature is enabled. ALE/PROGAddress Latch Enable (ALE) is an output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during Flash programming. In normal operation，ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency and may be used for external timing or clocking purposes.If desired，ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of SFR location 8EH. With the bit set，ALE is active only during a MOVX or MOVC instruction. Otherwise，the pin is weakly pulled high. Setting the ALE-disable bit has no effect if the microcontroller is in external execution mode.PSENProgram Store Enable (PSEN) is the read strobe to external program memory. When the STC89C52 is executing code from external program memory，PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle，except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to external data memory.EA/VPPExternal Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH.Note，however，that if lock bit 1 is programmed，EA will be internally latched on reset. EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program executions. This pin also receives the 12-volt programming enable voltage (VPP) during Flash programming. XTAL1Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.XTAL2Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.译文：STC89C52 数据手册功能特性描述STC89C52是一种低功耗、高性能CMOS8位微控制器，具有8K在系统可编程Flash 存储器。
AT89C52_外文资料翻译译文
附件1：外文资料翻译译文AT89C52中文资料AT89C52是美国Atmel公司生产的低电压、高性能CMOS 8位单片机，片内含8KB的可反复檫写的程序存储器和12B的随机存取数据存储器（RAM），器件采用Atmel公司的高密度、非易失性存储技术生产，兼容标准MCS-51指令系统，片内配置通用8位中央处理器（CPU）和Flash存储单元，功能强大的AT89C52单片机可灵活应用于各种控制领域。
AT89C52单片机属于AT89C51单片机的增强型，与Intel公司的80C52在引脚排列、硬件组成、工作特点和指令系统等方面兼容。
其主要工作特性是：•与MCS-51产品指令和引脚完全兼容•8k字节可重擦写Flash闪速存储器•1000次擦写周期•具有3个可编程定时器•全静态操作：0Hz-24MHz•256×8字节内部RAM•32个可编程I/O口线•3个16位定时/计数器•8个中断源•可编程串行uart通道•低功耗空闲和掉电模式单片机正常工作时，都需要有一个时钟电路和一个复位电路。
本设计中选择了内部时钟方式和按键电平复位电路，来构成单片机的最小电路。
功能特性描述：AT89C52是一种低功耗、高性能CMOS8位微控制器，具有8K 在系统可编程Flash 存储器。
使用Atmel 公司高密度非易失性存储器技术制造，与工业80C51产品指令和引脚完全兼容。
片上Flash允许程序存储器在系统可编程，亦适于常规编程器。
AT89C52方框图P0 口：P0 口是一组8 位漏极开路型双向I/O 口，也即地址/数据总线复用口。
作为输出口用时，每位能吸收电流的方式驱动8 个TTL逻辑门电路，对端口P0 写“1”时，可作为高阻抗输入端用。
在访问外部数据存储器或程序存储器时，这组口线分时转换地址（低8 位）和数据总线复用，在访问期间激活内部上拉电阻。
在Flash 编程时，P0 口接收指令字节，而在程序校验时，输出指令字节，校验时，要求外接上拉电阻。
外文翻译--AT89C52单片机的介绍
中文4800字附录3：外文翻译AT89C52 monolithic integrated circuit introduction AT89C52 is the low voltage which American ATMEL Corporation produces, the high performance CMOS 8 monolithic integrated circuits, internal may repeatedly scratch read-only program memory (PEROM) and 256bytes random access data-carrier storage (RAM) including 8k bytes which writes, the component uses ATMEL Corporation the high density, the non-volatility memory technology production, is compatible with the standard MCS-51 command system and 8052 product pins, internal sets at general 8 central processor (CPU) and the Flash memory cell, the function formidable AT89C52 monolithic integrated circuit suits in many comparatively plurality of controls application situation.Main performance parameter:Are completely compatible with the MCS-51 product instruction and the pinThe 8k byte may again scratch writes Flash to dodge the fast memory1000 times scratches the write cycleEntire static operation: 0Hz—24MHzThree level of encryption program memory256×8 In byte RAM32 programmable I/O mouth line3 16 fixed time/counters8 interrupt sourcesProgrammable serial UART channelThe low power loss idle and falls the electricity patternFunction characteristic outline:Below AT89C52 provides the standard function: 8k byte Flash dodges the fast memory, 256 byte internal RAM,32 I/O mouth line, 3 16 fixed time/counters, 6 vector two level of interrupt structures, A full-duplex serial passes unguardedly, internal oscillator and clock electric circuit.At the same time, AT89C52 may fall to the 0HZ static state logical operation, and supports the electricity saving working pattern which two kind of softwares may elect.The idle way stops CPU the work, but permits RAM, fixed time/the counter, serial passes unguardedly and the interruption system continues to work.Falls the electricity way to preserve in RAM the content, but the oscillator knock off and forbids other all part work to reposition until the next hardware.The pin function showsVcc: Supply voltageGND: GroundingP0 mouth: The P0 mouth is one group of 8 leaks leads the way extremely the bidirectional I/O mouth, also is the address/data bus multiplying mouth.As outlet with when, each potential energy absorption current way actuates 8 TTL logic gate, when writes “1” to port P0, may take the high impedance input end uses.When visits exterior data-carrier storage or the program memory, when this group of mouth line segment transforms the address (low 8) and the data bus multiplying, pulls the resistance in the visit activation interior.When Flash programming, P0 mouth receive instruction byte, but when program check, when output order byte, verification, outside the request joins pulls the resistanceP1 mouth: P1 is in a belt interior pulls the resistance 8 bidirectional I/O mouth, the P1 output buffer may actuate (absorption or output current) 4 TTL logic gate.Writes “1” to the port, pulls the resistance through internal on to pull the port tothe high level, this time may make the input port.When makes the input port use, because in internal existence pulls the resistance, some pin is pulled lowly by exterior signal when can output electric current (IIL).With at89C51 similarity is, P1.0 and P1.1 also may take separately fixed time/the counter 2 exterior countings inputs (P1.0/T2) and inputs (P1.1/T2EX), see also table 1.Flash programming and program check period, P1 receives the low 8 bit address.P2 mouth: P2 is one has in the interior to pull the resistance 8 bidirectional I/O mouth, the P2 output buffer may actuate (absorption or output current) 4 TTL logic gate.Writes “1” to port P2, pulls the resistance through internal on to pull the port to the high level, this time may make the input port, when makes the input port use, because in internal existence pulls the resistance, some pin is pulled lowly by exterior signal when can output electric current (IIL).When visits exterior program memory or 16 bit address exterior data-carrier storage (e.g. carries out the MOVX@DPTR instruction), the P2 mouth sends out the high 8 bit address data.When visits 8 bit addresses exterior data-carrier storage (for example carries out the MOVX@RI instruction), the P2 mouth outputs the P2 latch the contentWhen Flash programming or verification, P2 also receives the top digit address and some control signal.P3 mouth: The P3 mouth is a group has in the interior to pull the resistance 8 bidirectional I/O mouth.The P3 mouth output buffer may actuate (absorption or output current) 4 TTL logic gate.Reads in “1” when to the P3 mouth, they the position resistance are pulled by the interior in Gao Bingke the achievement to input the port.This time, will be pulled by the outside the low P3 mouth to use to pull resistance output current (IIL).The P3 mouth besides took the general I/O mouth line, a more important use isIn addition, the P3 mouth also receives some to use in Flash dodging the fast memory programming and the program check control signal.RST: Replacement input.When the oscillator works, the RST pin will appear above two machine cycles the high level to cause the monolithic replacement.ALE/PROG: When visits exterior program memory or the data-carrier storage, ALE (address lock saves permission) to output the pulse to use in the lock saving the address the low 8 bytes.In ordinary circumstances, ALE still by clock oscilation frequency 1/6 output fixed pulse signal, therefore it may the foreign output clock or uses in fixed time the goal.Must pay attention: When visits exterior data-carrier storage will jump over a ALE pulse.To Flash memory programming period, this pin also uses in inputting programming pulse (PROG).If has the necessity, may through to in special function register (SFR) area 8EH the unit D0 position position, be possible to forbid the ALE operation.After this position position, only then MOVX and the MOVC instruction can activate ALE.In addition, this pin can pull weakly high, when the monolithic integrated circuit carries out exterior procedure, should establish the ALE prohibition position to be invalid PSEN: The procedure storage permits the (PSEN) output is exterior program memory reads the gating signal, when AT89C52 takes the instruction by exterior program memory (or data), each machine cycle two PSEN is effective, namely outputs two pulses.When visits exterior data-carrier storage, will jump over two RSEN signals.EA/VPP: Exterior visit permission.Wants to cause CPU only to visit exterior program memory (address is 0000H-FFFFH), the EA end must maintain the low level (earth).Must pay attention: If adds mil LB1 to program, when replacement the interiorcan lock saves the EA end condition.If the EA end (meets the Vcc end) for the high level, CPU carries out in the internal procedure memory instruction.When the Flash memory programs, this pin adds on 12V programming permission power source VPP, certainly this must be this component is uses 12V to program voltage VPP.XTAL1: Oscillator inverting amplifier and internal clock generator input end.XTAL2: Oscillator inverting amplifier out-port. Special function register:In at89C52 internal memory, the 80H-FFH altogether 128 units for special function register (SFE), SFR address basement reflection as shown in Table 2.All addresses all are defined by no means, only then a part is defined from the 80H-FFH altogether 128 bytes, but also has quite a part not to define.To the definition unit read-write will not have been Yuan Xiao, the read-out value will be indefinite, but will read in the data will also lose.Should not “1” not read in the data the definition unit, then will possibly entrust with the new function in these units in the future product, in this case, after replacement these unit value always “0”.AT89C52 besides with AT89C51 all fixed time/counters 0 and fixed time/counter 1, but also increased a fixed time/counter 2.Fixed time/the counter 2 control statusbyte is located T2CON、T2MOD (to see Table 4), the register to (RCA02H, RCAP2L) is the timer 2/automatic loads the register again under 16 capture ways or 16 automatic heavy loading way capture.Interrupt register:AT89C52 has 6 interrupt sources, 2 interrupt priorities, the IE register controls each interrupt position, in the IP register 6 interrupt source each may decide as 2 superiordata-carrier storages:AT89C52 has 256 byte internal RAM,80H-FFH high 128 bytes and the special function register (SFR) address is overlap, also is high 128 byte RAM and the special function register address is same, but in physics they are separated.When an instruction visits the 7FH above dummy home address unit, in the instruction uses the addressing way is different, also is the addressing way decision is visits high 128 byte RAM to visit the special function register.If the instruction is the direct addressing way for the visit special function register.For example, following direct addressing instruction visit special function register 0A0H (i.e. P2 mouth) address unit.MOV 0A0H,#dataThe indirect addressing instruction visits high 128 byte RAM, for example, in following indirect addressing instruction, the R0 content is 0A0H, then the visit data byte address is 0A0H, but is not the P2 mouth (0A0H).MOV the @R0,#datastorehouse operation also is the indirect addressing way, therefore, high 128 bit data RAM also may take the storehouse area use.Timer 0 and timer 1:The AT89C52 timer 0 and the timer 1 working and AT89C51 are same.Timer 2:The timer 2 is 16 fixed time/counters.It already may when timer use, also may take the external event counter use, its working chooses by the special function register T2CON C/T2 position.The timer 2 has three workings: The capture way, the automatic heavy loading (upward or downward counting) the way and the baudrate generator way, the working chooses by the T2CON control position, see also table 4.The timer 2 is composed by two 8 register TH2 and TL2, in the timer working, each machine cycle TL2 register value adds 1, because a machine cycle vibrates the clock constitution by 12, therefore, counting speed for oscilation frequency 1/12.When counting working, when on the T2 pin exterior input signal produces by 1 to 0 drops along, the register value adds 1, under this working, each machine cycle 5SP2 period, carries on the sampling to exterior input. If picks in the first machine cycle the value is 1, but the value which picks in the next machine cycle is 0, then is following close on the next cyclical S3P1 period register adds 1.Because distinguishes 1 to need 2 machine cycles to 0 jumps (24 durations of oscillation), therefore, highest counting speed for oscilation frequency 1/24. In order to guarantee the sampling the accuracy, the request input level maintains at least before the change for a complete cyclical the time, guarantees the input signal at least by sampling one time.Capture way:Under the capture way, chooses two ways through T2CON control position EXEN2.If EXEN2=0, the timer 2 is 16 timers or the counter, when counting overflow, to the T2CON overflow symbolized TF2 sets at the position, simultaneously activates the interrupt.If looks up EXEN2=1, the timer 2 completes the same operation, But when the T2EX pin exterior input signal has 1 to 0 negative jumps, also appears in TH2 and the TL2 value is caught separately to in RCAP2H and RCAP2L.Moreover, the T2EX pin signal jump causes in T2CON EXF2 to set at the position, is similar with TF2, EXF2 also can interrupt exactly.Capture way as shown in Figure 4.Automatic heavy loading (upward or downward counter) way:When timer 2 work in 16 automatic heavy loading ways, can to its programming for upward or the downward counting way, this function may (see Table 5) through special function register T2CON the DCEN position (permission downward counting) choose.When replacement, the DCEN position “0”, the timer 2 defaults establishes as the upward counting. When DCEN sets at the position, the timer 2 already may count upwardly also may the downward counting, this is decided by the T2EX pin value,see also Figure 5, when DCEN=0, the timer 2 automatic setups for the upward counting, under this way, in the T2CON EXEN2 control position have two kind of choices, if EXEN2=0, the timer 2 for the upward counting to the 0FFFFH overflow, sets at the position TF2 activation interrupt, simultaneously 16 counter register RCAP2H and the RCAP2L heavy loading, RCAP2H and the RCAP2L value may by the software initialization.When DCEN sets at the position, the timer 2 already may count upwardly also may the downward counting, this is decided by the T2EX pin value, see also Figure 5, when DCEN=0, the timer 2 automatic setups for the upward counting, under this way, in the T2CON EXEN2 control position have two kind of choices, if EXEN2=0, the timer 2 for the upward counting to the 0FFFFH overflow, sets at the position TF2 activation interrupt, simultaneously 16 counter register RCAP2H and the RCAP2L heavy loading, RCAP2H and the RCAP2L value may by the software initialization.Baudrate generator:When T2CON (Table 3) TCLK and RCLK set at the position, fixed time/the counter 2 takes the baudrate generator use.If fixed time/the counter 2 took thetransmitter or the receiver, its transmission and the receive baudrate may be different, the timer 1 uses in other functions, as shown in Figure 7.If RCLK and TCLK set at the position, then timer 2 work in baudrate generator way.The baudrate generator way and the automatic heavy loading way are similar, under this way, the TH2 turn over causes the timer 2 registers is important the new loading with in RCAP2H and the RCAP2L 16 figures, this value establishes by the software.In the way 1 and the way in 3, the baudrate determined by the timer 2 overflow speeds according to the equation below that,Way 1 and 3 baudrate = timer overflow rate /16The timer already can work in fixed time the way also can work in the counting way, in the majority applications, is the work in fixed time the way (C/T2=0).The timer 2 took when baudrate generator, with as the timer operation is different, when usual achievement timer, (1/12 oscilation frequency) checks the value in each machine cycle to add 1, but took when baudrate generator use, (1/2 oscilation frequency) the register value adds 1 in each condition time. The baudrate formula is as follows:The way 1 and 3 baudrate = oscilation frequency/{32×[65536-(RCAP2H, RCAP2L)]}in the formula (RCAP2H, RCAP2L) is in RCAP2H and RCAP2L 16 does not have the sign digit.The timer 2 took the baudrate generator use electric circuit as shown in Figure 7.In when T2CON RCLK or TCLK=1, the baudrate working only then is effective. In the baudrate generator working, the TH2 turn over cannot cause TF2 to set at theposition, therefore does not have the interrupt.But if EXEN2 sets at the position, also the T2EX end produces by 1 to 0 negative jumps, then can cause EXF2 to set at the position, this time cannot load (RCAP2H, RCAP2L) content in TH2 and TL2.Therefore, when the timer 2 takes the baudrate generator use, T2EX may use as the additional exterior interrupt source.Needs to pay attention, when timer 2 work in baudrate, when moves (TR2=1) as the timer, cannot visit TH2 and TL2.Because this time each condition time timer can add 1, to its read-write will obtain a indefinite value.But however, may read to RCAP2 cannot write, because the write operation will be the reload, the write operation possibly command writes with/or the heavy loading makes a mistake.In visits timer 2 or in front of the RCAP2 register, should (eliminate the timer closure TR2).The programmable clock outputs:The timer 2 may output a dutyfactor through the programming from P1.0 is 50% clock signal, as shown in Figure 8.The P1.0 pin besides is a standard I/O mouth, but also may cause it through the programming to take fixed time/the counter 2 exterior clock inputs and the output dutyfactor 50% clock pulse.When the clock oscilation frequency is 16MHz, outputs the clock frequency range is 61Hz-4MHz.When establishes fixed time/the counter 2 as the clock generator, C/T2(T2CON.1)=0, T2OE(T2MOD.1)=1, must or stops the timer by TR2(T2CON.2) start.The clock output frequency is decided in the oscilation frequency and the timer 2 catches the register (RCAP2H, RCAP2L) reload value, the formula is as follows:The output clock frequency = oscillator frequency/{4×[65536-(RCAP2H, RCAP2L)]}under the clock output way, the timer 2 turn over cannot have the interrupt, this characteristic with took when baudrate generator use is similar.When the timer 2 takes the baudrate generator use, Also may take the clock generator use, but needs to pay attention is the baudrate and the clock output frequency cannot separate the determination, this is because they with use RCAP2H and RCAP2L.AT89C52单片机的介绍AT89C52是美国ATMEL公司生产的低电压，高性能CMOS 8位单片机，片内含8k bytes的可反复擦写的只读程序存储器（PEROM）和256bytes的随机存取数据存储器（RAM），器件采用ATMEL公司的高密度、非易失性存储技术生产，与标准MCS－51指令系统及8052产品引脚兼容，片内置通用8位中央处理器（CPU）和Flash存储单元，功能强大AT89C52单片机适合于许多较为复杂控制应用场合。
全自动洗衣机外文翻译知识交流
外文资料翻译1、STC89C52 processing chipPrime features:With MCS - 51 SCM product compatibility, 8K bytes in the system programmable Flash memory, 1000 times CaXie cycle, the static operation: 0Hz ~ 33Hz, triple encryption program memory, 32 programmed I/O port, three 16 timer/counter, the eight uninterrupted dual-career UART serial passage, low power consumption, leisure and fall after fall electric power mode can be awakened and continuous watchdog timer and double-number pointer, power identifier.Efficacy: characteristicsSTC89C52 is one kind of low power consumption, high CMOS8 bit micro-controller, 8K in system programmable Flash memory. Use high-density nonvolatile storage technology, and industrial 80C51 product instruction and pin fully compatible. The Flash memory chips allows programs in the system, also suitable for programmable conventional programming. In a single chip, have clever 8 bits CPU and online system programmable Flash, increase STC89C52 for many embedded control system to provide high vigorous application and useful solutions. STC89C52 has following standard efficacy: 8k byte Flash RAM, 256 bytes, 32 I/O port, the watchdog timer, two, three pointer numerical 16 timer/counter, a 6 vector level 2 continuous structure, the serial port, working within crystals and horological circuit. In addition, 0Hz AT89S52 can drop to the static logic operation, support two software can choose power saving mode. Idle mode, the CPU to stop working, and allows the RAM, timer/counters, serial, continuous to work. Protection asana pattern, RAM content is survival, vibrators frozen, SCM, until all the work under a continuous or hardware reset. 8-bit microcontrollers 8K bytes in the system programmable Flash AT89S52 devices.Mouth: P0 P0 mouth is a two-way open drain I/O. As export, each can driveeight TTL logic level. For P0 port to write "1", foot as the high impedance input.When access to external programs and numerical memory, also known as low P0 mouth eight address/numerical reuse. In this mode, with the internal P0 resistor.In the flash when programming, also used for P0 mouth; absorb instruction bytes In the process, the output command byte calibration. When the program requires external, calibration on pull-up resistors.Mouth: P1 mouth P1 is an internal resistance of the eight two-way I/O buffers can drive, P1 output four TTL logic level. To write "1" P1 port, the internal resistance to port, can push as input mouth. When used as input, external and internal foot because of low resistance, will output current (IIL). In addition, P1.0 and P1.2 respectively timer/counter 2 external counting input (P1.0 / T2) and when the trigger editor/counter P1.1 input (2), specific T2EX/are shown below. In programming and calibration, flash P1 mouth absorb eight address low byte.Efficacy: the foot.P1.0 T2 (timer/counter T2 external counting input), clock outputP1.1 T2EX (timer/counter T2 capture/overloaded triggered signals and direction control),P1.5 MOSI (with) online system programming,P1.6 MISO (with) online system programming,P1.7 SCK (with) online system programming,Mouth: P2 P2 mouth is an internal resistance of the eight two-way I/O buffers and P2 output can drive four TTL logic level. To write "1" P2 port, the internal resistance to port, can push as input mouth. When used as input, external and internal foot because of low resistance, will output current (IIL). In the external program memory access or use 16bit external numerical memory address read (for example MOVX execution DPTR @), P2 mouth send out high 8 address. In this application, P2 mouth on the internal usestrong pull send 1. In using 8-bit address (such as MOVX @ RI) access to external numerical memory, P2 mouth output P2 latches content. In programming and calibration, flash P2 mouth also absorb high eight address byte and some control signal.P3: a P3 mouth on the inside of the eight two-way pull-up resistors I/O buffers can drive, p2 output four TTL logic level. For P3 port to write "1", the internal resistance to port, can push as input mouth. When used as input, external and internal foot because of low resistance, will output current (IIL). P3 mouth AT89S52 special functions (also as the second efficacy), are shown below. In programming and calibration, flash also absorb some P3 mouth control signals.Port pin second efficacy:P3.0 RXD (serial input)P3.1 TXD (serial export),P3.2 INTO the discontinuous (0)P3.3 INT1 (1) the discontinuousP3.4 (time/counter TO 0)P3.5 T1 (1) time/counter,P3.6 WR (external numerical memory write for)P3.7 RD (external numerical memory read for)In addition, also absorb some used in mp3 mouth FLASH memory programming and calibration of program control signals.RST, reset input: when the vibrator, RST pin appeared two machine cycle above high level will be reset the chip.ALE/PROG - when access to external program memory or numerical memory, ALE (address latch allow) output pulses are used to latch address of low eight bytes. Normally, ALE with clock frequencies are 1/6 output pulse signal with fixed, so it can be used for the purpose or output clocks. Timing Those who want an attention is: whenever access to external numerical memory will skip a ALE pulse.For FLASH memory programming, this pin is used for input programming pulse (.) PROGIf necessary, but through special effect to the zone registers (SFR) 8EH D0 position, the unit can be banned ALE operations. This position is a bit, MOVX and MOVC instructions will be activated. ALE -- In addition, the foot will be weak, execute external program MCU hign should be banned, a void. Set ALE PSEN - program storage PSEN allowed (output is outside of the program memory read, choose communication by external program memory when taking AT89C52 instructions (or), each machine cycle PSEN twice, two pulse output is useful, during this period, when access to external numerical memory, will skip PSEN twice.EA/VPP - external access permission, to make the CPU only access to external program memory (address for 0000H - FFFFH), EA end must remain low level (ground). Should notice is: if a LB1 is encrypted, reset when programming will latch EA end.As for the high level of the EA (VCCS), the CPU is the implementation of the program memory internal instructions.FLASH memory when programming, this pin plus + 12 v programming allow power Vpp, of course, that is the part is used to Vpp voltage 12V programming.2、China's washing machine market is entering the replacement period, the market potential is huge, people washing requirements are also increasing, the current strength of the main washing machine washing function, into the drainage system, automatic fault diagnosis function, pause and other major functions in many respects still can not meet people's needs. This requires that designers have a higher professional and technical level, able to make more good suggestions and new topics, people will need to become a reality, to design more energy-efficient, more comprehensive and more humane automatic washing machine. The current washing machines are not compatible implement all aspects of the play more plaid laundry manufacturers arefocusing on specialty brands of washing machines, highlight one or two different washing machine and other personalized features, to realize the function of the washing machine is controlled by microcomputer the microcontroller small and flexible control, therefore, is designed to give single-chip control system is very practical. The design of the washing machine and the controller also to meet the different needs of some users. SCM control technology will also be used in real life, the most important thing is to learn the use of technology.In today's world of technology, the era of knowledge explosion hit, as long as people need, it is possible to produce a product to meet the needs of the people. It is this development of the washing machine, it was found that in life some of its inconvenience, it will continue to improve and perfect it in practice, the new washing machine is in this case was born.Ultrasonic washing machine cavitation ultrasonic vibration generated by the production of gas bubbles in the wash side edges disappear movement, resulting in strong water pressure, then add a small amount of laundry detergent, fiber vibration, phacoemulsification decontamination, water bubbles rise, resulting in a washing tub central flip outward flow, then friction between the clothes, and a very effective role in full contact with washing detergent production. This washing machine washing tub is small, barrel no moving parts, no mechanical electrical failure, convenient repair. Dictionary uniformity, no wound, not to hurt the fabric, washing effect, water, power.This electromagnetic washing machine washing machine washing tub has four heads, each of the top clamps to grip the stretch clothes, washing each head has a solenoid, the power to micro-vibration hit 2500 times / second, so laundry in the washing liquid. Because no motor, no noise, 50% water, power 75%.Foam washing machine temperature Osaka, Japan developed a large washing machine to wash clothes without hot foam. Filling the lower part of the detergent in the washing machine, put the clothes after the toggle switchand start blowing the air into the tank foam by heating to 70Foam wash clothes degrees Celsius, and then into the tub next defoaming apparatus, generally 5 to 10 minutes to wash / 5, 21L / 1kg dryer.One kind without detergent or detergent washing machine washing machine vacuum developed by the former Soviet Union, a vacuum pump into a vacuum suction laundry bins, buckets of water movement bubble burst and decontamination. Clean and high, does not harm clothes, no noise, and high cost. Actually cold washing boiling principle, within a few seconds, then withdrawn from the upper air washing tub. Thin like air and water, such as boiling, stir in laundry foam whirlpool, 1.5 to 2 minutes to wash clothes, clothes generally 7 to 10 minutes to complete the whole process.Italian Zanussi jet washing machine detergent company will continue to develop a spray to the laundry washing machine, it seems dry, it can save 20% water, 30% of the province detergent, can save 35%, save time by 10%. This washing machine is completely different from the front-loading washing machine, installed in the sprinkler system of the injection device continuously spray water and detergent on the clothes washed, clothes and stir in stainless steel tanks. Laundry in the liquid, stirring constantly, just as there is no barrel water. However, it permeates through the water flow into a water storage tank is located in the laundry drum bottom. In the tank, the water is re-injected into the recirculated heating up the laundry, the washing tub made periodically dehydration, to drain the water and contaminants, and then rinsed three times, and finally washing dehydration. Some of the problems to be solved washing machineSince China started late washing machine factory, plus some technical issues, the end of the reproduction inevitable and some models show some ills. The main shortcomings are:Noise, hemp and leaking electricity, water or water more than poor or poor drainage, the work cycle is not smooth, vibration, damage to the laundry, washing effect is poor, dehydration automatic insertion of the poor, poordehydration, weight capacity unreasonable. Specifically, there is a problem in the washing machine structure, quality, and management of raw materials and molds.中文翻译1、STC89C52处理芯片首要性能：与MCS-51单片机产物兼容、8K字节在系统可编程Flash存储器、1000次擦写周期、全静态操作：0Hz～33Hz 、三级加密程序存储器、32个可编程I/O口线、三个16位定时器/计数器八个间断源、全双职工UART 串行通道、低功耗空闲和掉电模式、掉电后间断可唤醒、看门狗定时器、双数值指针、掉电标识符。
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中文翻译STC89C52处理芯片电气工程的研究和解决方案中心（ceers）艾哈迈德为吉.波特首要性能：与MCS-51单片机产物兼容、8K字节在系统可编程视频存储器、1000次擦拭周期，全静态操作：0Hz~33Hz、三级加密程序存储器，32个可编程I/O接口线、三个16位定时器（计数器），八个中断源、低功能耗空闲和掉电模式、掉电后间断可唤醒，看门狗定时器、双数值指针，掉电标示符。
关键词：单片机，UART串行通道，掉电标示符等前言可以说，二十世纪跨越了三个“点”的时代，即电气时代，电子时代和现已进入的电脑时代。
不过，这种电脑，通常指的是个人计算机，简称PC机。
还有就是把智能赋予各种机械的单片机（亦称微控制器）。
顾名思义，这种计算机的最小系统只用了一片集成电路，即可进行简单的运算可控制。
因为它体积小，通常都是藏在被控机械的内部里面。
它在整个装置中，起着有如人类头脑的作用，他出了毛病，整个装置就会瘫痪。
现在，单片机的种类和适用领域已经十分广泛，如智能仪表、实施工控、通讯设备、导航系统、家用电器等。
各种产品一旦用上了单片机，就你能起到产品升级换代的功效，常在产品名称前冠以形容词——“智能型”，如智能洗衣机等。
接下来就是关于国产STC89C52单片机的一些基本参数。
功能特性描述:STC89C52单片机是一种低功耗、高性能CMOS8位微控制器，具有8K在系统可编程视频播放存贮器使用高密度非易失性存储器技术制造，与工业80C51 产物指令和引脚完全兼容。
片上反射速度允许程序存储器在系统可编程，也适用于常规的程序编写器。
在其单芯片上，拥有灵敏小巧的八位中央处理器和在线系统可编程反射，这些使用上STC89C52微控制器为众多嵌入式的控制应用系统提供高度矫捷的、更加有用的解决方案。
STC89C52微控制器具有以下的标准功效：8K字节的反射速度，256字节的随机存取储存器，32位I/O串口线，看门狗定时器，2个数值指针，三个16为定时器、计数器，一个6向量2级间断结构，片内晶振及钟表电路。
另外，STC89C52可降至0HZ静态逻辑操作，支持两种软件可选择节电模式、间断继续工作。
空闲模式下，CPU停止工作，允许RAM、定时器/计数器、串口、间断继续工作。
掉电保护体式格局下，RAM内容被生成，振动器被冻结，单片机一切的工作停止，直到下一个间断或者硬件复位为止。
8位微型控制器8K字节在系统中可编程FlashSTC89C52.。
P0口：P0口是一个8位漏极开路的双向I/O口。
作为输出口，每位能驱动8个TTL逻辑电平，对于P0端口写“1”时，引脚用作高阻抗输入。
当访问外部程序和数值存储器时，P0口也被作为低八位/数值复用。
在这种模式下，P0具有内部上拉电阻。
在Flash编程时，P0口也用来接收指令字节；在程序校验时，输出指令字节。
在程序校验时，需要外部上拉电阻。
P1口：P1口是一个具有内部上拉电阻的八位双向I/O 口，P1输出缓冲器驱动四个TTL逻辑电平。
对于P1端口写“1”时，内部上拉电阻把端口拉高，此时可以作为输入口使用。
作为输入使用时，被外部拉低的引脚由于内部电阻的原因，将输出电流（IIL）。
此外，P1.0和P1.2分别作为定时器/计数器2的外部计数输出（P1.0、T2）和定时器、计数器2的触发输入（P1.1、T2EX），具体如下所示。
在Flash编程和校验时，P1口吸收低8位地址字节。
引脚号第二功效：P1.0 T2（定时器、计数器T2的外部计数输入），钟表输出。
）P1.1 T2EX（定时器，计数器T2的捕捉、重载触发信号和方向控制。
）P1.5 MOSI（在线系统编程用。
）P1.6MISO（在线系统编程用。
）P1.7SCK（在线系统编程用。
）P2口：P2口是一个具有内部上拉电阻的8位双向I/O口，P2输出缓冲器能驱动四个TTL逻辑电平。
对于P2端口写“1”时，内部上拉电阻把端口拉高，此时可以作为输入口使用。
在访问外部程序存储器或者用16位地址读取外部数值存储器（例如执行MOVX@DPTR）时，P2口送出高八位地址。
在这种应用中，P2口使用很强的内部上拉发送“1”。
在使用8位地址（如MOVX@RI）访问外部数值存储器时，P2口输出P2锁存器的内容。
在Flash编程和校验时，P2口也接收高8位地址字节和一些控制信号。
P3口：P3口是一个具有内部上拉电阻的8位双向I/O，P2输出缓冲器能驱动四个TTL逻辑电平，对于P3端口写“1”时，内部上拉电阻把端口拉高，此时可以作为输入口使用。
P3口亦作为STC89C52特殊功效（第二功效）使用，如下表所示，早flash编程和校验时，P3口也接收一些控制信号。
P3.0 RXD（串行输入口。
）P3.1 TXD（串行输出口。
）P3.2 INTO（外间断0）P3.3 INTI（外间断1）P3.4 TO（定时、计数器0）P3.5 T1（定时、计数器1）P3.6 WR（外部数值存储器写选通）P3.7 RD（外部数值存储器读选通）此外，P3口还吸收一些用于Flash闪存编程和程序校验的控制信号。
RST——复位输入：当振动器工作时，RST引脚出现两个机器周期以上高电平将使单片机复位。
ALE/ PROG——当访问外部程序存储器或数字存储器，ALE（地址锁存允许）输出脉冲用于锁存地址的低八字节。
通常情况下，ALE以时钟频率的1 / 6输出的脉冲信号与固定，因此它可用于输出时钟频率或者定时目的。
值得注意的是：每当访问外部存储器，将跳过一个ALE脉冲数值。
对于Flash存储器编程期间，该引脚还用于输入编程脉冲（PROG）。
如有必要，可通过对于特殊功效寄存器（SFR）区中的8EH单位的D0位置位，可禁止ALE操作，只有一条MOVX和MOVC指令才能将ALE激活。
此外，该引脚会被微弱拉高，单片机执行外部程序时，应设置ALE禁止位无效。
PSEN——程序储存允许（PSEN）输出是外部程序存储器的读选通信号，当STC89C52由外部程序存储器取指令（或者数值）时，每一个机器周期两次PSEN有用，即输出两个脉冲，在此期间，当访问外部数值存储器，将跳过两次PSEN信号。
EA、VPP——外部访问允许，欲使CPU仅访问外部程序存储器（地址为0000H-FFFFH），EA端必须保持低电平（接地）。
须注意的是：如果加密位LB1被编程，复位时内部会锁存EA端状态。
如EA端为高电平（接Vcc端），CPU则执行内部程序存储的指令。
Flash存储器编程时，该引脚加上+12伏的编程允许电源VPP，当然这必须是该部件是使用12伏编程电压VPP。
看门狗定时器：WDT 是一种需要软件控制的复位方式。
WDT 由13位计数器和特殊功能寄存器中的看门狗定时器复位存储器（WDTRST)构成。
WDT在默认情况下无法工作；为了激活WDT，用户必须往WDTRST寄存器（地址：0A6H）中依次写入01EH 和0E1H。
当激活WDT 后，晶振工作，WDT在每个机器周期都会增加。
WDT计时周期依赖于外部时钟频率，除了复位（硬件复位或者WDT溢出复位），没有办法停止WDT工作。
STC89C52 单片机有一个用于构成内部振荡器的反相放大器，XTAL1和XTAL2 分别是放大器的输入、输出端。
石英晶体和陶瓷谐振器都可以用来一起构成自己振荡器。
接外部时钟源驱动器件的话，XTAL2可以不接，只接入XTAL1。
由于外部时钟信号经过二分频触发后作为外部时钟电路输出的，所以对外部时钟信号的占空比没有其他要求，最长低电平持续时间和最少高电平持续时间等还是要符合要求的。
空闲模式：在空闲模式下，CPU处于睡眠状态，而所有片上外部设备保持激活状态。
这种状态可以通过软件产生。
在这种状态下，片上RAM和特殊功能寄存器的内容保持不变。
空闲模式可以被任意一个中断或者硬件复位终止。
由硬件复位终止空闲模式只需要两个机器周期有效复位信号，在这种情况下，片上硬件禁止访问内部RAM，而可以访问端口引脚。
空闲模式被硬件复位终止后，为防止预想不到的写端口，激活空闲模式的那一条指令的下一条指令不应该是写端口或外部存储器。
总结单片机内部也用和电脑功能类似的模块，比如CPU，内存，并行总线，还有和硬盘作用相同的存储器件，不同的是它的这些部件性能都相对我们的家用电脑弱很多，不过价钱也是低的，一般不超过10元即可用它来做一些控制电器一类不是很复杂的工作也足够了。
我们现在用的全自动滚筒洗衣机、排烟罩、VCD等等的家店里面都可以看到他的身影！它主要是作为控制部分的核心部件。
它是一种在线式实时控制计算机，在线式就是现场控制，需要的是有较强的抗干扰能力，较低的成本，这也是和离线式计算机（比如家用电脑）的主要区别。
STC89C52 processing chipCenter for Electrical Engineering Research and Solution(CEERS)Ahmad Dahlan JI. ProtPrime features：With MCS-51 SCM product compatibility，8K bytes in the system programmable Flash memory，1000 times CaXie cycle，the static operation:0Hz~33Hz,triple encryption program memory,32programmed I/O port, three 16 timer/counter, the eight uninterrupted dual-career UART serial passage, low power consumption ,leisure and fall after electric power made can be awakened and continuous watchdog timer and double-number pointer,power identifier.Keyword: SCM(Single-chip microcontroller，UART serial passage，power identifier.···) IntroductiveCan be said that the twentieth century across the three “power” era, that is ,the age of electricity, the electronic age and has entered into the computer age .However, this computer, usually refers to the personal computer, referred to as PC .It consists of the host, keyboard, monitor and other components, Another type of computer, most people do not know how. This computer is to give all kinds of intelligent machines single chip(also known as micro-controller).As the name suggests, this computer system took only a minimal integrated circuit, can be a simple operation and control. Because it is small, usually hidden in the charged mechanical “stomach” in, It is in the device, like the human brain plays a role, it goes wrong, the whole plant was paralyzed. Now this microcontroller has a very broad field of use, such as smart meters, real-time industrial control, communications equipment, navigation systems, and household appliances. Once all kinds of products were using SCM, can serve to upgrade the effectiveness of products, often in the product name preceded name preceded by the adjective “intelligent” such as intelligent washing machines.STC89C52 IntroductionEfficacy:characteristicsSTC89C52 is one kind of low power consumption,high COMOSS bit micro-controller,8K in system programmable Flash memory,Use high-density nonvolatile storage technology,and industrial 80C51 product instruction and pin fully compatible.The Flash memory chips allows programs in the system,also suitable for programmable conventional programming.In a single chip,have clever 8 bits CPU and online system programmable Flash,increase STC89C52 fro many embedded control system to provide high vigorous application and useful solutions STC89C52 has following standard efficacy: SK byte Flash RAM,256 bytes,32 I/O port,the watching timer,two,three pointer numerical 16 timer/counter,a 6 vector level 2 continuous structure,the serial port,working within crystals and horological circuit.In addition,0Hz STC89C52 can drop to the static logic operation,support two software can choose power saving mode.Idle mode,the CPU to stop working,and allows the RAM ,timer/counter,serial,continuous to work.Protection asana pattern,RAM content is survival,vibrators frozen,SCM,until all the work under a continuousor hardware reset,8-bit microcontrollers 8K bytes in the system programmable Flash STC89C52 devices.Mouth:PO PO mouth is a two-way open drain I/O.As export,each can drive eight TTL. logic level.For PO port to write “1”,foot as the high impedance inputWhen access to external programs and numerical memory,also known as low PO mouth eight address/numerical reuse.In this mode,with the intern a1 PO resistor.In the flash when programming,also used for PO mouth;adsorb instruction bytes.In the process,the output command bute calibration.When the program requires external,calibration on pull-up resistors.Mouth:P1 mouth P1 is an internal resistance of the eight two-way I/O buffers can drive,P1 output four TTL logic level.To write “1”P1 port,the internal resistance to port,can push as input mouth.When used as input external and internal foot because of low resistance,will output current(IIL).In addition,P1.0 and P1.2 respectively timer/counter 2 external counting input(P1.0/T2) and when the trigger editor/counter P1.1input(2),specific T2EX/are shown below.In programming and calibration,flash P1 mouth adsorb eight address low byte.Efficacy:the foot.P1.0 T2(timer/counter T2 external counting input),clock output.P1.1 T2EX(timer/counter T2 capture/overloaded triggered signals and direction control);P1.5 MOSI(with) online system programming;P1.6 MISO(with) online system programming;P1.7 SCK(with) online system programming;Mouth:P2 P2mouth is an internal resistance of the eight two-way I/O buffers and P2 output can driver four TTL logic level.To write “1”P2 port,the internal resistance to port,can push as input mouth.When used as input,external and internal foot because of low resistance,will output current(IIL).In the external program memory access or use 16bit external numercial memory address read(for example MOVX execution DPTR@),P2 mouth send out high 8 address.In using 8-bit address(such as MOVX @ RI) access to external numerical memory,P2 mouth output P2 latches content.In programming and calibration,flash P2 mouth also absorb high eight address byte and some control signal.P3:a P3 mouth on the inside of the eight two-way pull-up resistors I/O buffers can drive,p2 output four TTL logic level.For P3 port to write “1”,the internal resistance to port,can push an input mouth.When used as input,external and internal foot because of low resistance,will output current(IIL).P3 mouth AT89S52 special functions(also as the second efficacy),are shown below.In programming and calibration,flash also absorb some P3 mouth control signals.Port pin second efficacy:P3.0 RXD(serial input),P3.1 TXD(serial export),P3.2 INTO the discontinuous(0),P3.3 INT1(1) the discontinuous(0),P3.4 (timer/counter TO 0),P3.5 T1(1) timer/counter,P3.6 WR(external numerical memory write for),P3.7 RD( external numerical memory read for),In addition,also absorb some used in mp3 mouth FLASH memory programming and calibration of program control signals.RST,reset input:when the vibrator,RST pin appeared two machine cycle above high level will be reset the chip.ALE/PROG-when access to external program memory or numerical memory,ALE (address latch allow) output pulses are used to latch address of low eight bytes.Normally,ALE with clock frequencies are 1/6 output pulse signal with fixed,so it can be used for the purpose or output clocks,Timing Those who want an attention is:whenever access to external numerical memory will skip a ALE pulse.For FLASH memory programming,this pin is used for input programming pulse(.)PROGIf necessary,but through special effect to the zone registers(SFR)8EH D0 position,the unit can be banned ALE operations.This position is a bit,MOVX and MOVC instructions will be activated.ALE-In addition,the foot will be weak ,execute external program MCU hign should be banned,a void. Set ALE.PSEN-program storage PSEN allowed (output is outside of the program memory read,choose communication by external program memory when taking AT89C52 instruction(or),each machine cycle PSEN twice,two pulse output is useful,during this period,when access to external numerical memory,will skip PSEN twice.EA/VPP-external access permission,to make the CPU only access to external program memory (address for 0000H-FFFFH),EA end must remain low level(ground).Should notice is:if a LBI is encrypted,reset when programming will latch EA end.As for the high level of the EA (VCCS),the CPU is the implementation of the program memory internal instructions.FLASH memory when programming ,this pin plus+12V programming allow power Vpp,of course,that is the part is used to Vpp voltage 12V programming.Watch Timer(One-time Enabled with Reset-out):The WDT is intended as a recovery method in situation where the CPU may be subjected to software upset.The WDT consist of a 14-bit counter and the watchdog Timer Reset(WDTRST)SFR.The WDT is defaulted todisable from exiting reset. To enable the WDT, a user must write 01EH in sequence to the WDTRST register(SFR location 0A6H).When the WDT is enabled, it well increment every machine cycle while the oscillator is running. The WDT timeout period is dependent on the external clock frequency. There is no way to disable the WDT expect through reset(either hardware reset or WDT overflow reset).When WDT over-flow,it will drive an output RESET HIGH pulse at the RET pin.Oscillator Characteristic:XTAL1 and XTAL2 are the input and output, respectively, of an inverting amplifier that can be configured for use as an on-chip oscillator .Either a quartz crystal or ceramic resonator may be used. To drive the device from an external clock source, XTAL2 should be left unconnected while XTAL1 is driven.there are no requirements on the duty cycle of the external clock signal, since the input to the internal clock-ing circuitry is through a divide-by-two flip-flop, by minimum voltage high and low time specifications must be observed.Idle Mode:In idle mode ,the CPU puts itself to sleep while all the on-chip peripherals remain active.The mode is invoked by software. The content of the on-chip RAM and all the special function regis-ters remain unchanged during this mode. The idle mode can be terminated by any enabled interrupt or by a hardware reset. Note that when idle mode is terminated by a hardware reset, the device normally resumes program execution from where it left off,up to two machine cycle before the internal reset algorithm takes control. On-chip hardware inhibits access to internal RAM in this event,but access to the port pins is not inhibited. To eliminate the possibility of an unexpected write to a port pin when idle mode is terminated by a reset, the instruction following the one that invokes idle mode should not write to a port pin or to external memory.ConclusionsMCU and the computer use is also similar to the module ,such as CPU ,memory, parallel bus, as well as the role and the same hard disk memory, is it different from the performance of these components are relatively weak in our home computer a lot, but the price is ow,there is generally no more than 10 yuan…..san use it to make some control for a class of electrical work is not very complex is sufficient. We are using automatic drum washing machines, smoking hood, VCD and so on inside the home appliances can see it’s shadow! It is mainly as part of the core component of the control.It is an online real-time control computer, control-line is that the scene is needed is a stronger anti-jamming ability, low cost, and this is, and off-line computer(such as home PC).the main difference.。