Unit1 Grammar

引语的概念
直接引语 直接引述别人的原话，叫____________; 用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 _________ 间接引语 。 直接引语通常都用_________ 引号“ ” 括起来，
间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个 宾语从句 ________。
Grammar Study
1. Look at the sentences in Exercise 1 of your Student’s Book on page 5. Work in pairs and identify the difference between direct speech and indirect speech in the sentences.
2. 一般疑问句: Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil? (They asked him) It is easy to improve the condition of the soil. They asked him if it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.
2. 经常的习惯： He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” → He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day. 3. 历史事件： The teacher said, “World War II ended in 1945.” → The teacher said that World War II ended in 1945.
由直接引语转变为间接引语, 下列情 况时态不变:
1. 不变的真理 The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃.” → The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃.
注意: 当两个或两个以上的宾语从句并 列时, 仅能省略第一个that, 其余的不能 省略。
Tom said (that) there wasn’t any trouble and that he was waiting for his change. Tom said, “There isn’t any trouble and I’m waiting for my change (零钱).”
解题步骤: 1. 陈述句: “I don’t like computers,” Sarah said to her friends. Sarah said to her friends that I don’t like computers. she told didn’t
Sarah told her friends that she didn’t like computers.
a. Change personal pronouns:
He said, “I like it very much.” He said that he liked it very much.
He said to me, “I’ve left my book in your room. He told me that he had left his book in my room. I said to her, “I have done my best.” I told her that I had done my best.
They asked him when you harvest the wheat. he harvested harvested
They asked him when he harvested the wheat.
• Practise: Do exercise 2 on page 5 of the students’ book.
She said she would go there again that night. May said to Tom, “I’ll bring some photos here to you tomorrow.” May told Tom she would take some photos there to him the next day.
Mary asked Anne : “Do you feel sad when you are not able to go outdoors?”
direct speech
You: Mary asked Anne_________ if /whether she ___ felt __ sad when she __ was ___ not able to go outdoors. indirect speech
b. The changes of the tenses Direct Indirect Direct Indirect speech speech speech speech Simple Simple Simple Future in present future past the past Past Present Past Past continuous continuous perfect perfect Past Simple Present Past past perfect perfect perfect continuous conPresent Past tinuous perfect perfect
4. 部分情态动词, 如must, ought to, used to, had better等： She said to me, “You must hurry up.” → She said that I must hurry up.
c. Change adverbials of time and place He said, “I lost a key here yesterday.” He said that he had lost a key there the day before/the previous day. “I read the book here a week ago,” Jane said to him. Jane told him that she had read the book there a week before.
a week ago a week before/a week earlier, etc.
d. Other cases
பைடு நூலகம்Direct speech Indirect speech this that
these here those there
come
bring
go
take
He said, “I want this.” He said that he wanted that. She said, “I’ll come here again tonight.”
Review 1. 直接引语和间接引语的概念。 2. 直接引语和间接引语之间如何 相互转换。 3. 注意人称、时态、指示代词、时 间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。
Differences: Verb tenses
Pronoun forms Word order Adverbials of time /places
2.Grammar: Direct and Indirect Speech (1)
1） 直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语用连词that 引导 2) 直接引语是一般疑问句或选择疑问句，变成引语时由连词 whether 或if 引导。
asked
is
was
They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.
3. 特殊疑问句：
When do you harvest the wheat? (They asked him) you harvest the wheat
Unit 1 Grammar
Direct Speech & Indirect Speech
statements and questions
Warming Up
Anne: “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.” direct speech You: She said that she didn’t want ——————————— ＿＿ to set down a series of facts in a diary.
Direct speech now today tomorrow yesterday next week last year
Indirect speech then that day/yesterday/on Saturday, etc. the next day/the following day/on Tuesday, etc. the day before/the previous day/on Tuesday, etc. the week after/the following week, etc. the year before/the previous year, etc.
3) 直接引语是特殊疑问句， 变成间接引语时，由原句的疑问词 who , whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导.
1)Mary said, “I’m very happy to help him.” Mary said that she was very happy to help him. 2)He asked me, “ Do you like playing basketball?” He asked me if /whether I liked playing basketball. 3)My sister asked me, “ What do you think of the film?” My sister asked me what I thought of the film.
Indirect speech
Anne: “I have to stay in the hiding place.” direct speech You: She said that she __ had _____ to stay in the hiding place. Indirect speech