名词知识点梳理

九年级英语复习导学案班级姓名第小组名词主备人：茹静审阅: 霍晶晶卫惠芳时间：2013.4.15教师寄语：Everything will be done better if you have a better way。

名词知识点梳理1. 可数名词单、复数变化形式⑴．规则变化。

①单数名词词尾直接加-s。

如：boy — boys, pen — pens。

②以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。

如：glass — glasses, box— boxes, watch — watches, brush — brushes。

特例：stomach — stomachs。

③以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。

如：baby — babies, lady — ladies, fly — flies。

④以“o”结尾的多数加-es。

如：tomato — tomatoes, potato — potatoes, hero —heroes。

但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。

如：radio — radios, zoo — zoos, photo — photos, piano — pianos。

⑤以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”，之后再加-es。

如wife —wives, life — lives, knife — knives, wolf— wolves, self — selves, leaf — leaves等。

特例：handkerchief— handkerchiefs, roof — roofs, chief — chiefs, gulf — gulfs, belief — beliefs, cliff — cliffs。

⑥改变元音字母的。

如man — men, mouse — mice, foot — feet, woman —women, goose — geese, ox — oxen。

特例：child — children。

⑦复合名词的复数形式。

在复合词中最后名词尾加-s。

如armchair —armchairs, bookcase — bookcases, bookstore — book-stores; man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，前后两个名词都要变成复数。

如man doctor — men doctors, woman driver — women drivers; 与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。

如brother-in-law — brothers-in-law, passer-by — passers-by。

⑧有的名词有两种复数形式。

如zero — zeros 、zeroes, deer —deers 、deer。

penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同。

如：pence（便士的钱数），pennies(便士的枚数)。

⑵．不规则变化。

①单、复数同形。

如：means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese,Japanese, sheep, works（工厂）,cattle。

②合成名词的复数。

如：boy-friend — boy-friends, go-betweengo-betweens(中间人)，grown-up — grown-ups。

③有些名词通常只用作复数。

如：glasses眼镜，clothes衣服，goods货物，trousers裤子, surroundings环境，campasses圆规，cattle家畜，congratulations祝贺，spirits情绪，regards问侯，manners礼貌等。

④集体名词的数。

有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people, cattle, police; 有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看做整体，复数看做集体的各个成员。

如：The crew is large.船员人数很多（指整体）；The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了（个体）。

2、名词作定语英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。

⑴．分类意义。

air pollution 空气污染boy friend 男朋友coffee cup咖啡杯 income tax所得税⑵．时间、地点、称呼等。

Doctor Jack杰克医生 Professor Li李教授evening school夜校 winter sleep冬眠⑶．表目的、手段、来源，所属意义。

reception desk接待台sports field田径场1. They got much ___ from those new books.A. ideasB. photosC. informationD. stories2. He gave us____ on how to keep fit.A. some advicesB. some adviceC. an adviceD. a advice3. When we saw his face, we knew___ was bad.A. some newsB. a newsC. the newsD. news4. What___ lovely weather it is!A. /B. theC. anD. a5. —Would you like___ tea?—No, thanks. I have drunk two____.A. any, bottles of orangeB. some, bottles of orangeC. many, bottles of orangesD. few, bottle of oranges6. He is hungry. Give him ___ to eat.A. two breadsB. two piece of breadC. two pieces of breadD. two pieces of breads7. It really took him：___ to draw the nice horse.A. sometimesB. hourC. long timeD. some time8. I would like to have___.A. two glasses of milkB. two glass of milkC. two glasses of milksD. two glass of milks9. Can you give me ____?A. a teaB. some cup of teaC. a cup teaD. a cup of tea10. Please give me ___ paper.A. oneB. a pieceC. aD. a piece of11. John bought___ for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoesB. two pair of shoeC. two pair of shoesD. two pairs shoes12. —How many ____ have you got on your farm?—I’ve got five.A. sheepsB. sheepC. pigD. chicken13. Some ___ came to our school for a visit that day.A. GermansB. GermenC. GermanyD. Germanies14. In the picture there are many____ and two____.A. sheep; foxes C. sheeps; foxesB. sheeps; fox D. sheep; foxs15. A group of______ will visit the museum tomorrow.A. HungarianB. AustralianC. JapaneseD. American16. This table is made of___.A. many glassB. glassesC. some glassesD. glass17. —What would you like to have for lunch, sir?—I’d like____.A. chickenB. a chickenC. chickensD. the chicken18. Children should make____ for old people in a bus.A. roomB. a roomC. roomsD. the room19. Tables are made of___.A. woodB. some woodsC. woodenD. woods20. I wonder why ______ are so interested in action (武打片) films.A. peopleB. peoplesC. the peopleD. the peoplesThe literature of 2012 Nobel Winner Mo Yan Talking about literature, there is a talk that Chinese writer Mo Yan might _1__China its first Nobel Prize in Literature. The 57-year-old contemporary Chinese writer, Mo Yan, has been dominating Chinese media headlines.His literary achievements make him a serious competitor for this year’s prize. He has been a _2___ figure in China’s literary scene since the mid-1980s.Most of Mo Yan’s _3___ are set in his own hometown, Gaomi County, in East China’sShandong Province. Before the _4___of 20, he’d never ventured beyond the boundaries of his own county.Mo Yan was born in 1955, the fourth child in his family. I__5his early years, he experienced poverty, hunger and was repressed by a particularly harsh father. All of these things have ____6Mo Yan’s later writings.When Mo Yan was 12 years old, he was forced to ____7school and graze cattle. To satisfy his thirst for ____8, Mo Yan read every single book he could get hold of, even the dictionary.When he turned 20, he _9__the army and got to see the world beyond his home village. Six years later in 1981, he started his ___10_career. In 1987, "The Red Sorgum" burst onto China’s literary scene.Mo Yan’s other major works __11__ "The Republic of Wine", "Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out", "Sandalwood Death", "Big Breasts and Wide Hips" and more. Mo has __12_several top Chinese and international prizes including the Mao Dun Prize 2011 __13_"Frog".More than any ___14Chinese author, Mo Yan is well represented in foreign languages around the world. And with good reason - he’s one of the great novelistic masters of modern Chine se literature, with a long list of ambitious novels to his name. His writing is powerful, visual, and broad, dipping into history, fantasy and absurdity to tell stories of China and __15__ people.1 A give B bring C take2 A popular B doubtful C incredible3 A family B life C woks4 A age B year C month5 A For B At C In6 A found B influenced C become7 A get into B leave C write8 A water B reading C writing9 A took part in B joined in C joined10 A reading B writing C listening11 A include B such as C for example12 A beat B get C won13 A for B to C at!4 A others B the other C other!5 A their B its C our学后记：。