高三英语(人教版)一轮基础复习：选修六《Unit+5 The+p

Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2014·河北普通高中高三教学质量监测)The United Nations Environment Programme is calling for urgent action to reduce growing risks from chemicals.Better management of chemicals could save millions of lives and billions of dollars.As estimated，143，000 chemicals are now produced.Yet the report says only a small number of these chemicals have been studied for their effects on human health and the environment.It says death and disability rates are high from the unsafe use of chemical products.
Sylvie Lemmet，director of the United Nations Environment Programme，says poor management of chemicals has a high economic cost.For example，she says the cost is higher than the amount of overseas development aid，or ODA，for health care in sub­Saharan Africa.
She says，“If you look at the estimated cost of poisoning from pesticide in sub-Saharan Africa，only the injury and the loss of working time is estimated to be 6.3 billion US dollars in 2009.This is higher than the total ODA that is going to the health sector in the same area.”
The United Nations Environment Programme estimates that chemical sales worldwide will increase by around three percent a year until 2050.Chemical production is moving quickly from developed to developing countries.By 2020，chemical production is expected to increase by 40 percent in Africa and the Middle East and 33 percent in Latin America.One of its biggest concerns is pollution of rivers and lakes by pesticide and fertilizer.Other major concerns are heavy metal pollution from the production of cement and textiles，and dioxin pollution from mining.
The UN report urges the chemical industry and governments to work together to develop safety policies.It says preventing harm costs less than fixing it.
【文章大意】本文讲的是联合国环境规划署号召我们要采取行动来减少日益增加的化学产品给人类带来的危害。

1．The purpose of Paragraph 3 is mainly to indicate that ________．
A．the use of pesticide causes a great loss
B．Africa needs more development aid
C．chemicals have a high production cost
D．the estimated cost of poisoning from pesticide is inaccurate
解析：选A。

段落大意题。

根据第三段的内容可知，Sylvie Lemmet是在说杀虫剂中毒给人类的身体和经济带来巨大的损失。

故选A。

2．Which of the following is NOT a source of danger according to the text?
A．Pesticide.B．Fertilizer.
C．Heavy metals. D．Minerals.
解析：选D。

推理判断题。

根据倒数第二段后两句的内容可知，A、B、C项均是危害的来源，而D项文中没有提及。

故选D。

3．According to the text，what is the main reason for the risks from chemicals?
A．Poor management of chemicals.
B．Lack of research funds on chemicals.
C．The mass production of cement and textiles.
D．Contradictions between chemical producers and governments.
解析：选A。

细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“Better management of chemicals...”和第二段中的“Sylvie Lemmet，director of the United Nations Environment Programme，says poor management of chemicals has a high economic cost.”可知应选A。

4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．The truth is Sylvie Lemmet’s comments
B．A UN warning about chemical dangers
C．The unpredictable future of chemical industry
D．Preventing is much better than fixing
解析：选B。

主旨大意题。

本文讲的是联合国环境规划署号召我们要采取行动来减少日益增加的化学产品给人类带来的危害。

故B项作本文的标题最合适。

Ⅱ.七选五补缺题
(2014·沈阳诊断)
1．________ But today，I advise you to spare some time，pump some extra life into every hour and really make your time count.
Make someone else smile.
Ordinary people worry today and postpone their happiness for tomorrow.Intelligent people are happy today and postpone their worries for tomorrow.2.________ If you wish to have a lifetime of happiness，devote time every day to helping others smile with complete sincerity and enthusiasm.
Be enthusiastic about what you’re doing.
You’re not given a good life or a bad life.You’re given life，and it’s up to you to make it good or bad.So wake up and get motivated；not everybody made it today.3.________ Don’t waste time thinking back to what you could have done differently yesterday.Keep your eyes on the road ahead and do it differently today.Wherever the road takes you，bring your passion.Whatever you do along the way，do it with all your heart.
4．________
It’s important to remember that you cannot become who you are capable of being by remaining exactly where you are.If you are not willing to learn and grow，no one can help you.But if you are determined to learn and grow，no one can stop you.In the end，there are no permanent jobs on this planet；we are all learning here.Learn from everyone，remain modest，and don’t forget to have a good time.
Say “yes” to an unexpec ted opportunity.
5．________ Some of the greatest opportunities will knock on your door when you least expect them to.Be flexible，and just say “yes”．
A．What you do every day is already important.
B．Wise people wish happiness for all，today and tomorrow.
C．Don’t take your time for granted.
D．Learn something new from now on.
E．Everything in life can’t be planned.
F．Make the best of what happens.
G．You get the idea－you must show yourself some love first.
答案：1～5ABCDE
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2014·泉州普通中学高中毕业班质量检查) Sandy Greenberg came from a poor family.He went to Columbia University on a scholarship (奖学金) and there he met his roommate who also was receiving financial__1__．Unfortunately，Sandy had a(n)__2__disease during his second year at Columbia University，and finally he became blind.But__3__for Sandy，something else also happened to him —his roommate would__4__his textbooks to him，every night after he lost his sight.
As a result，Sandy went on to__5__with honors.He went off to study at Oxford.He was still quite poor，but he had managed to__6__about five hundred dollars as he went along.
His roommate__7__went on to graduate school (研究生院)．One day，Sandy got a __8__from him at Oxford.His former roommate said，“Sandy，I’m really__9__.I really don’t like being in graduate school，and I don’t want to do this.”
“Well，what do you want to do？”Sandy __10__．
His roommate told him，“Sandy，I really love to__11__．I have a high school friend who plays the guitar.And we would really like to__12__in the music business.But we need to make a promo record (宣传唱片)，and in order to__13__ that I need $ 500.”
Sandy took all his life savings without__14__and sent it to his roommate.Well，his roommate was the__15__famous singer，Art Garfunkel，and he __16__up with another musician，Paul Simon.That $500__17__them make a record that finally became The Sounds of Silence.
How we are able to deal with__18__in our lives will be influenced by how we deal with others__19__the way.What we get will depend a lot on what we__20__．And that’s the end of the stor y of doing well by doing good.
【文章大意】成人达己，两个患难之交的有志青年互帮互助，在自己成长的同时，也圆了对方的梦想。

1．A.aid B．advice
C．difficulty D．pressure
解析：选A。

上文提到桑迪·格林伯格家境贫困，靠奖学金进入哥伦比亚大学学习，再结合1空前面的“also”可知，他的室友也在接受经济“援助”。

2．A.eye B．ear
C．heart D．bone
解析：选A。

根据2空后面的“finally he became blind”可知，桑迪患的是“眼”疾。

3．A.unluckily B．luckily
C．sadly D．excitedly
解析：选B。

根据3空后面的“his roommate would__4__his textbooks to him，every night after he lost his sight”可知，此处表示“幸运的是”。

4．A.lend B．offer
C．read D．recite
解析：选C。

桑迪失明后，他的室友每晚都会把教科书中的内容“读”给他听。

5．A.survive B．research
C．leave D．graduate
解析：选D。

根据上下文内容可知，此处表示桑迪以优异的成绩“毕业”。

6．A.save B．earn
C．keep D．borrow
解析：选A。

他仍然非常贫穷，但是他设法“积攒”了大约500美元。

7．A.naturally B．certainly
C．either D．also
解析：选D。

根据9空后面的“being in graduate school”可知，他的室友“也”继续去研究生院深造。

8．A.message B．call
C．letter D．note
解析：选B。

根据两人之间的谈话内容可推知，桑迪在牛津接到了他前室友的“电话”。

9．A.unhappy B．unhealthy
C．homesick D．lonely
解析：选A。

由9空后一句的内容可推知，他真的“不开心”。

10．A.suggested B．answered
C．asked D．laughed
解析：选C。

上文提到他的前室友说他不想在研究生院学习，再结合本句的内容可知，桑迪“问”他想干什么。

11．A.work B．sing
C．dance D．travel
解析：选B。

结合下文可知，事实上桑迪的前室友喜欢“唱歌”。

12．A.try our hardest B．try our best
C．try our hand D．try our patience
解析：选C。

结合上下文内容可推知，他们想在音乐界“尝试”一下。

try one’s hand表示“尝试”。

13．A.win B．do
C．prove D．reach
解析：选B。

他们想制作一张宣传唱片，为了那么“做”，他的前室友需要500美元。

14．A.permission B．consideration
C．hesitation D．expectation
解析：选C。

桑迪毫不“犹豫”地取出了他全部的生活积蓄，把这些钱送给了他的前室友。

15．A.past B．present
C．former D．later
解析：选D。

他的前室友就是“后来的”著名歌手亚特·葛芬柯。

16．A.teamed B．got
C．showed D．set
解析：选A。

他与另外一位音乐家保罗·西蒙“合作”。

17．A.prevented B．helped
C．had D．let
解析：选B。

桑迪给他前室友的那500美元“帮助”他们制作了一张唱片，并最终成就了名曲《寂静之声》。

18．A.friends B．opportunities
C．difficulties D．feelings
解析：选C。

根据上文叙述的内容可知，桑迪和他的前室友都是历经磨难后而有所成就的，所以表示的是解决“困难”。

19．A.across B．in
C．by D．along
解析：选D。

桑迪和他的前室友互帮互助，由此可知，我们在人生中如何应对困难将受我们一路上如何处理与他人的关系的影响。

along the way表示“一路过来”。

20．A.take B．give
C．like D．learn
解析：选B。

根据桑迪和他的前室友之间无私的友情可知，我们获得什么很大程度上取决于我们“给予”什么。

Ⅳ.语法填空
Sarah：Welcome to the program.This aft ernoon I’m standing in the middle of the northern Black Forest，with Rainer Sanger.
Rainer：Good afternoon，Sarah.
Sarah：Rainer，you’re very 1.________(concern) about this area of the forest，are you? Can you tell us why?
Rainer：Well，much of the forest 2.________(wipe)out in the terrible storm last winter，3.________ you can see.Many of the trees are 4.________，and more are dying because 5.________ the damage.We believe that the government isn’t doing enough right now 6.________ (make) this beautiful forest get into its former state.
Sarah：I see.But have you spoken to the government about this?
Rainer：We have tried，7.________ each time they say that they haven’t got enough money.They are always using money as the excuse.It’s getting really 8.________ (disappoint)!
Sarah：But it’s not just an excuse，is it? They clearly don’t have enough money for everything and the storm was 9.________ unexpected occurrence.
Rainer：Of course，we appreciate that，and the point is 10.________ actually we aren’t asking for much money.We would just like their guidance—we can provide volunteers to work on the forest.
1．解析：考查短语搭配。

be concerned about表示“对……担忧”。

答案：concerned
2．解析：考查时态和语态。

根据句意及时间状语last winter可知，应用一般过去时态的被动语态。

答案：was wiped
3．解析：考查定语从句。

as或which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面句子。

答案：as/which
4．解析：考查语境填词。

由后面and more are dying可知，此处用形容词dead表示状态。

答案：dead
5．解析：考查介词。

空后面为名词，故用because of。

答案：of
6．解析：考查非谓语动词。

不定式作目的状语。

答案：to make
7．解析：考查并列连词。

前后分句之间为转折关系，故用but连接。

答案：but
8．解析：考查非谓语动词。

分词化形容词作表语，说明主语特性，get disappointing变得令人失望的。

答案：disappointing
9．解析：考查冠词。

暴风雨是一件难以预料的偶发事件。

an表示泛指。

答案：an
10．解析：考查表语从句。

that引导的表语从句中不缺少任何成分，that只起引导作用。

答案：that。