How do you see the influence on Human from Nature and Timing
电影电视对人们行为的影响英语作文
电影电视对人们行为的影响英语作文英文回答：The pervasive influence of film and television on human behavior is an undeniable reality in our contemporary world. These powerful mediums shape our perceptions, values, and actions in profound ways, leaving an enduring imprint onour social and psychological landscape.1. Cultivation Theory: This theory posits that exposure to media content, particularly television, can gradually cultivate an individual's beliefs and attitudes about the world. Repeated exposure to certain depictions, such as violence or gender stereotypes, can reinforce these beliefs and make them appear more prevalent than they truly are.2. Modeling and Imitation: Film and television provide vivid models of behavior that can be emulated by viewers. Children, particularly, are susceptible to this influence, as they are still developing their own values and behaviors.By observing characters on screen, they may learn new behaviors or reinforce existing ones.3. Catharsis and Desensitization: Media portrayals of violence and other negative events can evoke strong emotions in viewers. While cathartic experiences can be beneficial in releasing emotions, excessive exposure can lead to desensitization, making individuals less empathetic and responsive to real-world violence.4. Socialization and Identity Formation: Film and television can play a significant role in shaping our understanding of social norms and our place within society. By exposing us to diverse narratives and characters, media can broaden our perspectives and challenge our assumptions about identity and belonging.5. Perception and Framing: The way that events are portrayed in the media can significantly influence our perceptions of reality. By framing certain issues in particular ways, filmmakers and journalists can influence public opinion and shape policy decisions.6. Cognitive Biases and Heuristics: Media content can also influence our cognitive processes, such as decision-making and problem-solving. By providing simplified narratives and easy-to-understand explanations, media can reinforce cognitive biases and encourage us to rely on heuristics rather than critical thinking.7. Health and Well-being: Film and television can have both positive and negative impacts on our physical and mental health. Certain portrayals can promote healthy behaviors and coping mechanisms, while others can perpetuate harmful stereotypes and lead to unhealthy choices.中文回答：电影电视对人们行为的影响。
一篇关于基因影响性格的英语作文
In 1993, Han Bruner, a geneticist at the University of Nijmegen in the Netherlands, published a research report in the journal Science. The main content of the research report is a character study of Dutch families. The report shows that many male members of this family have always inherited a personality and behavior characteristic, that is, they generally have strange personality and behavior, such as liking to be naked in public, deliberately arson, rape, etc. The research report points out that the anger threshold of the men in this family is very low, that is, some frustrations and life pressures that are almost completely insignificant in the ordinary people's eyes will arouse the inexplicable manic depression and crazy behavior of the men in this family. In serious cases, they will even beat those who irritate them. After genetic analysis of men in this family, Bruner found that these men generally lack the gene encoding monoamine oxidase. One of the uses of the oxidase in this gene is to help people degrade neurotransmitters including norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine (these neurotransmitters control people's emotions and are easy to make people excited, excited or angry). If this kind of oxidase is absent in the human brain, it is easy to make neurotransmitters accumulate in the human body. Since then, scientists have continuously found a variety of evidence that genes are directly related to personality. For example, if the brain lacks the neurotransmitter "5-hydroxytryptamine", then people are vulnerable todepression. Coincidentally, as early as 1930, an American university had done the famous "Minnesota Twin Experiment" on the relationship between human personality and genes. At that time, the United States was experiencing an unprecedented economic crisis. A large number of Americans lost their jobs, and many American families fell into living difficulties. At that time, contraceptives and condoms had not been widely used, contraceptive methods were backward, the pregnancy rate of women was soaring, and the unemployed people at home unintentionally increased the family population. Most poor families have too many children to support, so they have to send them to welfare institutions. In a particularly poor family, there are many children who may give birth to twins at once. However, the whole family has no sense of joy and only worries about how to feed them. As a result, one or both twins are usually sent to welfare institutions for adoption by wealthy families with money but no children. According to the medical indications, twins refer to two individuals born at one time from a viviparous animal. Generally, twins are divided into identical twins and fraternal twins. The average birth rate of twins in the world is only 1:89. From the perspective of medical indications, there are often two possibilities for the appearance of twins: they are split from the same fertilized egg (identical twins); It is formed by fertilization of two different eggs (fraternal twins). Since identical twins are developed froma fertilized egg, that is, the same fertilized egg splits into two cells before it is implanted in the uterus and develops into adults, their genes are 100% the same, and the two fetuses will have the same gender genetic factors. That is, as you can see, the appearance looks very similar, which is difficult for outsiders to distinguish, and sometimes even the biological parents are easy to confuse. While fraternal twins are developed from different fertilized eggs, mainly showing the same or different sex, and their appearance and genetic factors are similar to those of other siblings born at different times. After the birth of fraternal twins, they usually have the same living environment. Therefore, although they are heterozygotes, they are still very similar to other brothers and sisters born in different time periods, and can be recognized at a glance. After receiving the twins, American welfare institutions will send the adopted children to the families in need according to the needs of the families applying for them. During this period, some twins were lucky to be adopted by the same family, while others were separated and adopted by different families. In the "twin experiment", the American university cooperated with welfare institutions. They intended to send identical twins (identical in appearance and personality) to families with different environments for adoption. These adoptive families differ in nationality, language, religious belief, parents' personality, education level, wealth, occupation,social status, etc. The purpose of the researchers is to observe the similarities and differences between these identical twins who grow up in different environments and those who grow up in adulthood. In particular, whether there will be a big gap in personality, psychology, and spiritual consciousness, so as to find out whether a person's personality and achievements are caused by the acquired environment or determined by congenital genes. Since then, the experimental results have proved that although most identical twins have grown up in different environments, they are still very similar or even similar in personality, and most of them also have the same growth preferences, interests and life experiences. From this, the scientists concluded that 50% of the factors that determine human character come from congenital genetic genes. The acquired environment and education account for the other half of the cultivation of human character. So, is the influence of acquired environment on character negligible? This test result strongly verified a fact once again: 1. The influence of human personality gene on personality is extremely stable. It is completely independent of environmental factors and is not affected by environmental factors. 2. Environment plays a certain role in shaping personality, and personality is quite sensitive to environment. 3. The biggest determinant of human emotional intelligence (IQ) is gene. The growth environment has a certain influence on it but does not play adecisive role. It can be seen that gene has a great say in human personality and hobbies. It can almost be said that people are determined by their own genetic type. However, it is also suggested that the environment after tomorrow is the decisive factor for a person to become someone. Here, relevant scientific research shows that genes do determine people's personality, interests and hobbies to a large extent, but people's IQ, knowledge and personal achievements are largely affected by the acquired growth environment. From this perspective, parents should be soberly aware when raising children that some of their children's personalities, interests and hobbies cannot be changed and should be respected. Because their personality characteristics are actually a genetic manifestation of their parents' own genes. When parents encounter difficult problems during childcare, such as children's impatient, sloppy, like to confront themselves, stubborn, stubborn, timid, sensitive, boastful and other personality problems, parents should not just criticize the children, but should look at the children's personality problems at a higher level, try to find the root cause from themselves, find solutions, and overcome the personality problems with the children. In terms of IQ training, thinking training, learning habits training, ways of dealing with people and other aspects, parents can teach children in accordance with their aptitude according to their personality and temperament. On the premise of avoiding amplification or strongpersonality defects, they can achieve targeted education and guidance, so that children can promote their strengths and avoid weaknesses, and grow smoothly.。
大学新视野英语第三册课后开放性问答标准答案
1.How do you understand the title of the passage?From this passage we can know there had never been any limitations to what Jimmy’s love could accomplish. I think the title “love without limitations” is the way we treat others. Love the people around us no matter whether they are healthy, clever or kind-hearted. In our lives, we often see some people treat the disabled people badly. This is a very shameful action. We should have a kinded heart no matter what we are doing. Jimmy’s love teach the people around him love without limitations.2.If you were in Margaret’s shoes, how would you treat Jimmy?As Jimmy’s sister, I will help Jimmy overcome the diffculty. Even though Jimmy is diabled, he also can learn many things. And he can also help others. I will help him learn to live by himself. In the present life, he live with his family manbers, but later I will help him stand up . I will try my best to help him, help him be confident. And Jimmy has a kind heart. He also help us happy.3.Make a survey on people’s attitude toward the disabled and make apresentation.Unit 21.What do you know about the relation between iron and health? Browse theInternet and find out more in this respect,The iron is related with our health. When our body is lock of iron , we will feel weak , tired, and out of breath. Most of the people think if we do exercise , we will be healthy . But we always ignoy the elemen.Most of the people don’t take care of the iron . To some people , they should have a yearly bood test to check blood iron reserves. If iron levels are low, talk with a physician to see if the deficiency should be corrected by modifying(修改) your diet or by taking supplements. In general, it’s better to undo the problem by adding more iron-rich food to diet, so in our daily life , we need to eat more food including iron such as meat , chicken , and fish .We also can eat some dates ,beans ,and some lesfy green vegetables . Don’t wait until our bodies lock iron.2.What do know about the relation between exercise and health ?Exercise can help us keep healthy . More and more people in the the modern life don’t need much time to do exercise . So people don’t have a healthy body . Most of us students always be seat for a long time . We even need take exercise . But not all of the sports fit us very well . Some people like those Aerobic exercise（有氧运动）. Some people like running , suffing and swimming . Do exercise is good for our health . Exercise can Increased our body function and reduce fatigue .When we feel tired , we can do some exercise .3.Discuss what contributes to good health.Keep a good state of mindDo exerciseKeep a good diet1.Give your comments on the Hyde School’s principle of running school.Hyde School is different from other schools. It pays attention to develop the quality of students . Not intelligence or wealth. Conscience and hard work are valued , Success is measured by growth ,not academic achievement. The Hyde School operates on the principle that if you teach students the merit of such values as truth, courage, integrity, leadership, curiosity and concern, then academic achievement acturally follows. This is a very new principles . And Hyde School also pay attention to develop the relationship between teachers and students ,students and teachers together deal with the academics. But in the traditional high school setting, it’s tescher to material and then to students.2.What are the main differences between the Hyde School and traditionalschools? Which do you prefer? Give your reasions.Differences: (1).Hyde School’s principle is different from traditional schools.Hyde School operates on the principle that if you teach students the merit of such values as truth, courage, integrity, leadership. Curiosity and concern, then academic achievenmrnt naturally follows.(2).Hyde School’s students are required to take performing arts and sports, andprovide a community service.(3).Parents take part in the program,(4)Hyde School is focus on the relationship between teacher and students. Intraditional high school setting, it’s teacher to the material and then to the student.I prefer Hyde School3. Do you think it necessary to involve parents in the education program?Yes, I do.When the parents take part in the program, many students will be encouraged by their parents. And parents will set a model for their children. Children tend to do their utmost when they see their parents making similar efforts. So I think it necessary to involve parents in the education program.Unit 41.Browse the Internet and find out more about the symbols of the US and malean oral report to the class.Time SquareTourists flock to New York’s neon heart for the flashing lights, Broadway shows, megastores, and sheer spectacle. Pedestrian-only areas with café tables introduced in 2009 have only made it easier and more appealing to hang out here. Times Square can even be a convenient, if chaotic, base, thanks to hotels at every price point and easy access to public transportation: subways, rails, buses, and more yellow taxis than you can count。
The_American_Scholar
The American Scholar,国外论知识和做学问写的最好的文章Emerson:The American Scholar1837年8月31日，爱默生在美国大学生联谊会上以《论美国学者》为题发表演讲，抨击美国社会中灵魂从属于金钱的拜金主义和资本主义的劳动分工使人异化为物的现象，强调人的价值；他提出学者的任务是自由而勇敢地从表相中揭示真实，以鼓舞人、提高人和引导人；他号召发扬民族自尊心，反对一味追随外国学说。
这一演讲轰动一时，对美国民族文化的兴起产生了巨大影响，被誉为是美国“思想上的独立宣言”。
这是Bantom classic 的版本，也可以算国外论知识和做学问写的最好的文章-----------------------------------------------------------------------------Mr. President and Gentlemen,I greet you on the re-commencement of our literary year. Our anniversary is one of hope, and, perhaps, not enough of labor. We do not meet for games of strength or skill, for the recitation of histories, tragedies, and odes, like the ancient Greeks; for parliaments of love and poesy, like the Troubadours; nor for the advancement of science, like our contemporaries in the British and European capitals. Thus far, our holiday has been simply a friendly sign of the survival of the love of letters amongst a people too busy to give to letters any more. As such, it is precious as the sign of an indestructible instinct. Perhaps the time is already come, when it ought to be, and will be, something else; when the sluggard intellect of this continent will look from under its iron lids, and fill the postponed expectation of the world with something better than the exertions of mechanical skill. Our day of dependence, our long apprenticeship to the learning of other lands, draws to a close.The millions, that around us are rushing into life, cannot always be fed on the sere remains of foreign harvests. Events, actions arise, that must be sung, that will sing themselves. Who can doubt, that poetry will revive and lead in a new age, as the star in the constellation Harp, which now flames in our zenith, astronomers announce, shall one day be the pole-star for a thousand years?In this hope, I accept the topic which not only usage, but the nature of our association, seem to prescribe to this day,--the AMERICAN SCHOLAR. Year by year, we come up hither to read one more chapter of his biography. Let us inquire what light new days and events have thrown on his character, and his hopes.It is one of those fables, which, out of an unknown antiquity, convey an unlooked-for wisdom, that the gods, in the beginning, divided Man into men, that he might be more helpful to himself; just as the hand was divided into fingers, the better to answer its end.The old fable covers a doctrine ever new and sublime; that there is One Man,--present to all particular men only partially, or through one faculty; and that you must take the whole society to find the whole man. Man is not a farmer, or a professor, or an engineer, but he is all. Man is priest, and scholar, and statesman, and producer, and soldier. In the divided or social state, these functions are parceled out to individuals, each of whom aims to do his stint of the joint work, whilst each other performs his. The fable implies, that the individual, to possess himself, must sometimes return from his own labor to embrace all the other laborers. But unfortunately, this original unit, this fountain of power, has been so distributed to multitudes, has been so minutely subdivided and peddled out, that it is spilled into drops, and cannot be gathered. The state of society is one in which the members have suffered amputation from the trunk, and strut about so many walking monsters,--a good finger, a neck, a stomach, an elbow, but never a man.Man is thus metamorphosed into a thing, into many things. The planter, who is Man sent out into the field to gather food, is seldom cheered by any idea of the true dignity of his ministry. He sees his bushel and his cart, and nothing beyond, and sinks into the farmer, instead of Man on the farm. The tradesman scarcely ever gives an ideal worth to his work, but is ridden by the routine of his craft, and the soul is subject to dollars. The priest becomes a form; the attorney, a statute-book; the mechanic, a machine; the sailor, a rope of a ship.In this distribution of functions, the scholar is the delegated intellect. In the right state, he is, Man Thinking. In the degenerate state, when the victim of society, he tends to become a mere thinker,or, still worse, the parrot of other men's thinking.In this view of him, as Man Thinking, the theory of his office is contained. Him nature solicits with all her placid, all her monitory pictures; him the past instructs; him the future invites.Is not, indeed, every man a student, and do not all things exist for the student's behoof? And, finally, is not the true scholar the only true master? But the old oracle said, `All things have two handles: beware of the wrong one.' In life, too often, the scholar errs with mankind and forfeits his privilege. Let us see him in his school, and consider him in reference to the main influences he receives.I. The first in time and the first in importance of the influences upon the mind is that of nature. Every day, the sun; and, after sunset, night and her stars. Ever the winds blow; ever the grass grows. Every day, men and women, conversing, beholding and beholden. The scholar is he of all men whom this spectacle most engages. He must settle its value in his mind. What is nature to him? There is never a beginning, there is never an end, to the inexplicable continuity of this web of God, but always circular power returning into itself. Therein it resembles his own spirit, whose beginning, whose ending, he never can find,--so entire, so boundless. Far, too, as her splendors shine, system on system shooting like rays, upward, downward, without centre, without circumference,--in the mass and in the particle, nature hastens to render account of herself to the mind. Classification begins. To the young mind, every thing is individual, stands by itself. By and by, it finds how to join two things, and see in them one nature; then three, then three thousand; and so, tyrannized over by its own unifying instinct, it goes on tying things together, diminishing anomalies, discovering roots running under ground, whereby contrary and remote things cohere, and flower out from one stem. It presently learns, that, since the dawn of history, there has been a constant accumulation and classifying of facts. But what is classification but the perceiving that these objects are not chaotic, and are not foreign, but have a law which is also a law of the human mind? The astronomer discovers that geometry, a pure abstraction of the human mind, is the measure of planetary motion. The chemist finds proportions and intelligible method throughout matter; and science is nothing but the finding of analogy, identity, in the most remoteparts. The ambitious soul sits down before each refractory fact; one after another, reduces all strange constitutions, all new powers, to their class and their law, and goes on for ever to animate the last fibre of organization, the outskirts of nature, by insight.Thus to him, to this school-boy under the bending dome of day, is suggested, that he and it proceed from one root; one is leaf and one is flower; relation, sympathy, stirring in every vein. And what is that Root? Is not that the soul of his soul?--A thought too bold,--a dream too wild. Yet when this spiritual light shall have revealed the law of more earthly natures,--when he has learned to worship the soul, and to see that the natural philosophy that now is, is only the first gropings of its gigantic hand, he shall look forward to an ever expanding knowledge as to a becoming creator. He shall see, that nature is the opposite of the soul, answering to it part for part. One is seal, and one is print. Its beauty is the beauty of his own mind. Its laws are the laws of his own mind. Nature then becomes to him the measure of his attainments. So much of nature as he is ignorant of, so much of his own mind does he not yet possess. And, in fine, the ancient precept, "Know thyself," and the modern precept, "Study nature," become at last one maxim.II. The next great influence into the spirit of the scholar, is, the mind of the Past,--in whatever form, whether of literature, of art, of institutions, that mind is inscribed. Books are the best type of the influence of the past, and perhaps we shall get at the truth,--learn the amount of this influence more conveniently,--by considering their value alone.The theory of books is noble. The scholar of the first age received into him the world around; brooded thereon; gave it the new arrangement of his own mind, and uttered it again. It came into him, life; it went out from him, truth. It came to him, short-lived actions; it went out from him, immortal thoughts. It came to him, business; it went from him, poetry. It was dead fact; now, it is quick thought. It can stand, and it can go. It now endures, it now flies, it now inspires. Precisely in proportion to the depth of mind from which it issued, so high does it soar, so long does it sing.Or, I might say, it depends on how far the process had gone, of transmuting life into truth. In proportion to the completeness of the distillation, so will the purity and imperishableness of theproduct be. But none is quite perfect. As no air-pump can by any means make a perfect vacuum, so neither can any artist entirely exclude the conventional, the local, the perishable from his book, or write a book of pure thought, that shall be as efficient, in all respects, to a remote posterity, as to contemporaries, or rather to the second age. Each age, it is found, must write its own books; or rather, each generation for the next succeeding. The books of an older period will not fit this.Yet hence arises a grave mischief. The sacredness which attaches to the act of creation,--the actof thought,--is transferred to the record. The poet chanting, was felt to be a divine man: henceforth the chant is divine also. The writer was a just and wise spirit: henceforward it is settled, the book is perfect; as love of the hero corrupts into worship of his statue. Instantly, the book becomes noxious: the guide is a tyrant. The sluggish and perverted mind of the multitude, slow to open to the incursions of Reason, having once so opened, having once received this book, stands upon it, and makes an outcry, if it is disparaged. Colleges are built on it. Books are written on it by thinkers, not by Man Thinking; by men of talent, that is, who start wrong, who set out from accepted dogmas, not from their own sight of principles. Meek young men grow up in libraries, believing it their duty to accept the views, which Cicero, which Locke, which Bacon, have given, forgetful that Cicero, Locke, and Bacon were only young men in libraries, when they wrote these books.Hence, instead of Man Thinking, we have the bookworm. Hence, the book-learned class, who value books, as such; not as related to nature and the human constitution, but as making a sort of Third Estate with the world and the soul. Hence, the restorers of readings, the emendators, the bibliomaniacs of all degrees.Books are the best of things, well used; abused, among the worst. What is the right use? What is the one end, which all means go to effect? They are for nothing but to inspire. I had better never see a book, than to be warped by its attraction clean out of my own orbit, and made a satellite instead of a system. The one thing in the world, of value, is the active soul. This every man is entitled to; this every man contains within him, although, in almost all men, obstructed, and as yet unborn. The soul active sees absolute truth; and utters truth, or creates. In this action, it is genius;not the privilege of here and there a favorite, but the sound estate of every man. In its essence, it is progressive. The book, the college, the school of art, the institution of any kind, stop with some past utterance of genius. This is good, say they,--let us hold by this. They pin me down. They look backward and not forward. But genius looks forward: the eyes of man are set in his forehead, not in his hindhead: man hopes: genius creates. Whatever talents may be, if the man create not, the pure efflux of the Deity is not his;--cinders and smoke there may be, but not yet flame. There are creative manners, there are creative actions, and creative words; manners, actions, words, that is, indicative of no custom or authority, but springing spontaneous from the mind's own sense of good and fair.On the other part, instead of being its own seer, let it receive from another mind its truth, though it were in torrents of light, without periods of solitude, inquest, and self-recovery, and a fatal disservice is done. Genius is always sufficiently the enemy of genius by over influence. The literature of every nation bear me witness. The English dramatic poets have Shakspearized nowfor two hundred years.Undoubtedly there is a right way of reading, so it be sternly subordinated. Man Thinking must not be subdued by his instruments. Books are for the scholar's idle times. When he can read God directly, the hour is too precious to be wasted in other men's transcripts of their readings. But when the intervals of darkness come, as come they must,--when the sun is hid, and the stars withdraw their shining, --we repair to the lamps which were kindled by their ray, to guide our steps to the East again, where the dawn is. We hear, that we may speak. The Arabian proverb says, "A fig tree, looking on a fig tree, becometh fruitful."It is remarkable, the character of the pleasure we derive from the best books. They impress us with the conviction, that one nature wrote and the same reads. We read the verses of one of the great English poets, of Chaucer, of Marvell, of Dryden, with the most modern joy,--with a pleasure, I mean, which is in great part caused by the abstraction of all time from their verses. There is some awe mixed with the joy of our surprise, when this poet, who lived in some past world, twoor three hundred years ago, says that which lies close to my own soul, that which I also hadwellnigh thought and said. But for the evidence thence afforded to the philosophical doctrine of the identity of all minds, we should suppose some preestablished harmony, some foresight of souls that were to be, and some preparation of stores for their future wants, like the fact observed in insects, who lay up food before death for the young grub they shall never see.I would not be hurried by any love of system, by any exaggeration of instincts, to underrate the Book. We all know, that, as the human body can be nourished on any food, though it were boiled grass and the broth of shoes, so the human mind can be fed by any knowledge. And great and heroic men have existed, who had almost no other information than by the printed page. I only would say, that it needs a strong head to bear that diet. One must be an inventor to read well. As the proverb says, "He that would bring home the wealth of the Indies, must carry out the wealth of the Indies." There is then creative reading as well as creative writing. When the mind is braced by labor and invention, the page of whatever book we read becomes luminous with manifold allusion. Every sentence is doubly significant, and the sense of our author is as broad as the world. We then see, what is always true, that, as the seer's hour of vision is short and rare among heavy days and months, so is its record, perchance, the least part of his volume. The discerning will read, in his Plato or Shakespeare, only that least part,--only the authentic utterances of the oracle;-- all the rest he rejects, were it never so many times Plato's and Shakespeare's.Of course, there is a portion of reading quite indispensable to a wise man. History and exact science he must learn by laborious reading. Colleges, in like manner, have their indispensable office,--to teach elements. But they can only highly serve us, when they aim not to drill, but to create; when they gather from far every ray of various genius to their hospitable halls, and, by the concentrated fires, set the hearts of their youth on flame. Thought and knowledge are natures in which apparatus and pretension avail nothing. Gowns, and pecuniary foundations, though of towns of gold, can never countervail the least sentence or syllable of wit. Forget this, and our American colleges will recede in their public importance, whilst they grow richer every year.III. There goes in the world a notion, that the scholar should be a recluse, a valetudinarian,--as unfit for any handiwork or public labor, as a penknife for an axe. The so-called 'practical men'sneer at speculative men, as if, because they speculate or see, they could do nothing. I have heard it said that the clergy,--who are always, more universally than any other class, the scholars of their day,--are addressed as women; that the rough, spontaneous conversation of men they do not hear, but only a mincing and diluted speech. They are often virtually disfranchised; and, indeed, there are advocates for their celibacy. As far as this is true of the studious classes, it is not just and wise. Action is with the scholar subordinate, but it is essential. Without it, he is not yet man. Without it, thought can never ripen into truth. Whilst the world hangs before the eye as a cloud of beauty, we cannot even see its beauty. Inaction is cowardice, but there can be no scholar without the heroic mind. The preamble of thought, the transition through which it passes from the unconscious to the conscious, is action. Only so much do I know, as I have lived. Instantly we know whose words are loaded with life, and whose not.The world,--this shadow of the soul, or other me, lies wide around. Its attractions are the keys which unlock my thoughts and make me acquainted with myself. I run eagerly into this resounding tumult. I grasp the hands of those next me, and take my place in the ring to suffer and to work, taught by an instinct, that so shall the dumb abyss be vocal with speech. I pierce its order; I dissipate its fear; I dispose of it within the circuit of my expanding life. So much only of life as I know by experience, so much of the wilderness have I vanquished and planted, or so far have I extended my being, my dominion. I do not see how any man can afford, for the sake of his nerves and his nap, to spare any action in which he can partake. It is pearls and rubies to his discourse. Drudgery, calamity, exasperation, want, are instructors in eloquence and wisdom. The true scholar grudges every opportunity of action past by, as a loss of power.It is the raw material out of which the intellect moulds her splendid products. A strange process too, this, by which experience is converted into thought, as a mulberry leaf is converted into satin. The manufacture goes forward at all hours.The actions and events of our childhood and youth, are now matters of calmest observation. They lie like fair pictures in the air. Not so with our recent actions,--with the business which we now have in hand. On this we are quite unable to speculate. Our affections as yet circulate through it.We no more feel or know it, than we feel the feet, or the hand, or the brain of our body. The new deed is yet a part of life,--remains for a time immersed in our unconscious life. In some contemplative hour, it detaches itself from the life like a ripe fruit, to become a thought of the mind. Instantly, it is raised, transfigured; the corruptible has put on incorruption. Henceforth it is an object of beauty, however base its origin and neighborhood. Observe, too, the impossibility of antedating this act. In its grub state, it cannot fly, it cannot shine, it is a dull grub. But suddenly, without observation, the selfsame thing unfurls beautiful wings, and is an angel of wisdom.So is there no fact, no event, in our private history, which shall not, sooner or later, lose its adhesive, inert form, and astonish us by soaring from our body into the empyrean. Cradle and infancy, school and playground, the fear of boys, and dogs, and ferules, the love of little maids and berries, and many another fact that once filled the whole sky, are gone already; friend and relative profession and party, town and country, nation and world, must also soar and sing.Of course, he who has put forth his total strength in fit actions, has the richest return of wisdom. I will not shut myself out of this globe of action, and transplant an oak into a flower-pot, there to hunger and pine; nor trust the revenue of some single faculty, and exhaust one vein of thought, much like those Savoyards, who, getting their livelihood by carving shepherds, shepherdesses, and smoking Dutchmen, for all Europe, went out one day to the mountain to find stock, and discovered that they had whittled up the last of their pine-trees. Authors we have, in numbers, who have written out their vein, and who, moved by a commendable prudence, sail for Greece or Palestine, follow the trapper into the prairie, or ramble round Algiers, to replenish their merchantable stock. If it were only for a vocabulary, the scholar would be covetous of action. Life is our dictionary. Years are well spent in country labors; in town,--in the insight into trades and manufactures; in frank intercourse with many men and women; in science; in art; to the one end of mastering in all their facts a language by which to illustrate and embody our perceptions. I learn immediately from any speaker how much he has already lived, through the poverty or the splendor of his speech. Life lies behind us as the quarry from whence we get tiles and copestones for the masonry of to-day. This is the way to learn grammar. Colleges and books only copy the language which the field and the work-yard made.But the final value of action, like that of books, and better than books, is, that it is a resource. That great principle of Undulation in nature, that shows itself in the inspiring and expiring of the breath; in desire and satiety; in the ebb and flow of the sea; in day and night; in heat and cold; and as yet more deeply ingrained in every atom and every fluid, is known to us under the name of Polarity,--these "fits of easy transmission and reflection," as Newton called them, are the law of nature because they are the law of spirit.The mind now thinks; now acts; and each fit reproduces the other. When the artist has exhausted his materials, when the fancy no longer paints, when thoughts are no longer apprehended, and books are a weariness,--he has always the resource to live. Character is higher than intellect. Thinking is the function. Living is the functionary. The stream retreats to its source. A great soul will be strong to live, as well as strong to think. Does he lack organ or medium to impart his truths? He can still fall back on this elemental force of living them. This is a total act. Thinking is a partial act. Let the grandeur of justice shine in his affairs. Let the beauty of affection cheer his lowly roof. Those 'far from fame,' who dwell and act with him, will feel the force of his constitution in the doings and passages of the day better than it can be measured by any public and designed display. Time shall teach him, that the scholar loses no hour which the man lives. Herein he unfolds the sacred germ of his instinct, screened from influence. What is lost in seemliness is gained in strength. Not out of those, on whom systems of education have exhausted their culture, comesthe helpful giant to destroy the old or to build the new, but out of unhandselled savage nature,out of terrible Druids and Berserkirs, come at last Alfred and Shakespeare.I hear therefore with joy whatever is beginning to be said of the dignity and necessity of labor to every citizen. There is virtue yet in the hoe and the spade, for learned as well as for unlearned hands. And labor is everywhere welcome; always we are invited to work; only be this limitation observed, that a man shall not for the sake of wider activity sacrifice any opinion to the popular judgments and modes of action.I have now spoken of the education of the scholar by nature, by books, and by action. It remainsto say somewhat of his duties. They are such as become Man Thinking. They may all be comprised in self-trust. The office of the scholar is to cheer, to raise, and to guide men by showing them facts amidst appearances. He plies the slow, unhonored, and unpaid task of observation. Flamsteed and Herschel, in their glazed observatories, may catalogue the stars with the praise of all men, and, the results being splendid and useful, honor is sure. But he, in his private observatory, cataloguing obscure and nebulous stars of the human mind, which as yet no man has thought of as such, --watching days and months, sometimes, for a few facts; correcting still his old records;--must relinquish display and immediate fame. In the long period of his preparation, he must betray often an ignorance and shiftlessness in popular arts, incurring the disdain of the able who shoulder him aside. Long he must stammer in his speech; often forego the living for the dead. Worse yet, he must accept,--how often! poverty and solitude. For the ease and pleasure of treading the old road, accepting the fashions, the education, the religion of society, he takes the cross of making his own, and, of course, the self-accusation, the faint heart, the frequent uncertainty and loss of time, which are the nettles and tangling vines in the way of the self-relying and self-directed; and the state of virtual hostility in which he seems to stand to society, and especially to educated society. For all this loss and scorn, what offset? He is to find consolation in exercising the highest functions of human nature. He is one, who raises himself from private considerations, and breathes and lives on public and illustrious thoughts. He is the world's eye.He is the world's heart. He is to resist the vulgar prosperity that retrogrades ever to barbarism, by preserving and communicating heroic sentiments, noble biographies, melodious verse, and the conclusions of history. Whatsoever oracles the human heart, in all emergencies, in all solemn hours, has uttered as its commentary on the world of actions,--these he shall receive and impart. And whatsoever new verdict Reason from her inviolable seat pronounces on the passing men and events of to-day,--this he shall hear and promulgate.These being his functions, it becomes him to feel all confidence in himself, and to defer never to the popular cry. He and he only knows the world. The world of any moment is the merest appearance. Some great decorum, some fetish of a government, some ephemeral trade, or war, or man, is cried up by half mankind and cried down by the other half, as if all depended on thisparticular up or down. The odds are that the whole question is not worth the poorest thought which the scholar has lost in listening to the controversy. Let him not quit his belief that a popgun is a popgun, though the ancient and honorable of the earth affirm it to be the crack of doom. In silence, in steadiness, in severe abstraction, let him hold by himself; add observation to observation, patient of neglect, patient of reproach; and bide his own time,--happy enough, if he can satisfy himself alone, that this day he has seen something truly. Success treads on every right step. For the instinct is sure, that prompts him to tell his brother what he thinks. He then learns, that in going down into the secrets of his own mind, he has descended into the secrets of all minds. He learns that he who has mastered any law in his private thoughts, is master to that extent of all men whose language he speaks, and of all into whose language his own can be translated. The poet, in utter solitude remembering his spontaneous thoughts and recording them, is found to have recorded that, which men in crowded cities find true for them also. The orator distrusts at first the fitness of his frank confessions, --his want of knowledge of the persons he addresses,--until he finds that he is the complement of his hearers;--that they drink his words because he fulfill for them their own nature; the deeper he dives into his privatest, secretest presentiment, to his wonder he finds, this is the most acceptable, most public, and universally true. The people delight in it; the better part of every man feels, This is my music; this is myself.In self-trust, all the virtues are comprehended. Free should the scholar be,--free and brave. Free even to the definition of freedom, "without any hindrance that does not arise out of his own constitution." Brave; for fear is a thing, which a scholar by his very function puts behind him. Fear always springs from ignorance. It is a shame to him if his tranquility, amid dangerous times, arise from the presumption, that, like children and women, his is a protected class; or if he seek a temporary peace by the diversion of his thoughts from politics or vexed questions, hiding his head like an ostrich in the flowering bushes, peeping into microscopes, and turning rhymes, as a boy whistles to keep his courage up. So is the danger a danger still; so is the fear worse. Manlike let him turn and face it. Let him look into its eye and search its nature, inspect its origin,--see the whelping of this lion,--which lies no great way back; he will then find in himself a perfect comprehension of its nature and extent; he will have made his hands meet on the other side, and can henceforth defy it, and pass on superior. The world is his, who can see through its pretension.。
大学英语unit1课文翻译 (2)
随着社会的发展，人类对大自然的直接依赖越来越少，而间接的依赖却越来越多。我们远古的祖先生活在大自然的威胁及破坏力的恐惧之中，他们常常连基本的生活物资都无法获取。然而，尽管工具不甚完备，他们却能同心协力，顽强工作，并总是有所收获。在与人类的相互作用中，大自然也发生了改变。森林被破坏了，耕地面积增加了。大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。譬如，森林被认为是野性的和令人恐惧的，因此人类便想方设法使其面积缩小。这一切都是打着“文明”的旗号进行的，所谓“文明”，就是人类在哪里建立家园，耕耘土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。
As society develops, man tends to become less dependent on nature directly, while indirectly his dependence grows. Ourdistant ancestorslived in fear of nature's destructive forces. Very often they were unable to obtainthe merest daily necessities.However, despite their imperfect tools, theyworked together stubbornly , collectively,and were able toattain results. Nature was also changed through interaction with man. Forests were destroyed and the area of farmland increased. Nature with itselemental forceswas regarded as something hostile to man. The forest, for example, was something wild and frightening and people tried to force it to retreat . This was all donein the name of civilization, which meant the places where man had made his home, where the earth wascultivated, where the forest had been cut down.
如何考虑风的影响英语作文
如何考虑风的影响英语作文How to Consider the Influence of Wind。
Wind is a natural phenomenon that can have asignificant impact on our daily lives. From the weather to transportation, wind can play a role in many aspects of our lives. Therefore, it is important to consider the influence of wind in our decision-making processes. In this essay, we will explore some of the ways in which we can consider the influence of wind.The first thing to consider is the direction and strength of the wind. Wind direction is important becauseit can affect the trajectory of objects that are affected by it. For example, if you are flying a kite, you need to be aware of the wind direction so that you can adjust your kite's flight path accordingly. Similarly, if you are driving a car or riding a bike, you need to be aware of the wind direction so that you can adjust your speed and direction accordingly.Wind strength is also important to consider. Strong winds can be dangerous, especially if you are near the coast or in an area prone to tornadoes or hurricanes. In these situations, it is important to take precautions such as staying indoors, securing loose objects, and avoiding travel if possible.Another way to consider the influence of wind is to think about its effect on the environment. Wind can have a significant impact on the natural world, from shaping the landscape to affecting plant growth and animal behavior. For example, wind can help to distribute seeds and pollen, which can be beneficial for plant growth. It can also help to shape sand dunes and other geological features.Wind can also have an impact on human activities such as agriculture and energy production. For example, wind turbines are used to generate electricity, and the location of these turbines must be carefully chosen to take advantage of prevailing wind patterns. Similarly, farmers may need to consider the impact of wind on their crops,such as the risk of wind damage or the potential for windto spread pests or diseases.Finally, it is important to consider the influence of wind on our daily lives. Wind can affect our comfort levels, from making us feel cooler on a hot day to making us feel more exposed to the elements. It can also affect ourability to communicate, such as by causing interferencewith radio or television signals.In conclusion, wind is a natural phenomenon that can have a significant impact on our daily lives. Byconsidering the direction and strength of the wind, its effect on the environment, and its impact on humanactivities and comfort levels, we can make better decisions and be better prepared for the influence of wind.。
人类视觉的重要性英语作文
The human visual system is an intricate and remarkable part of our anatomy, playing a crucial role in how we perceive and interact with the world around us. Vision is not just about seeing it is about understanding and interpreting the environment, enabling us to navigate, communicate, and appreciate the beauty of life.From the moment we open our eyes in the morning to the time we close them at night, our visual system is constantly at work. It is the primary sense that we rely on for most of our daily activities. Whether it is reading a book, driving a car, or simply recognizing a friend across a crowded room, our eyes provide us with the necessary information to perform these tasks effectively.The importance of vision can be better understood by considering the complexity of the human eye. The eye is a marvel of biological engineering, with each component working in harmony to capture and process light. The cornea and lens focus the light, while the retina converts it into electrical signals. These signals are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve, where they are interpreted as images.However, the true significance of vision goes beyond the physical aspects of the eye. It is deeply intertwined with our cognitive and emotional processes. For instance, our ability to recognize faces is not just a visual task but also involves memory and emotional connections. When we see a loved one, our brain quickly processes the visual information and triggers a cascade of emotions and memories associated with that person.Moreover, vision is essential for our social interactions. Nonverbal cues such as facial expressions, body language, and eye contact are crucial for conveying emotions and intentions. Without the ability to see, these subtle forms of communication would be lost, making it difficult to build and maintain relationships.The impact of vision on our lives can also be seen in the field of education. Visual aids such as diagrams, charts, and images are widely used to enhance learning and understanding. They help students to grasp complex concepts more easily and retain information for a longer period. In fact, studies have shown that incorporating visual elements in teaching can significantly improve students performance and engagement.Furthermore, vision plays a vital role in our professional lives. In many occupations, such as design, architecture, and engineering, the ability to visualize and interpret visual information is critical. Designers, for example, rely on their visual skills to create aesthetically pleasing and functional products. Similarly, architects need to visualize the spatial relationships between different elements in a building to ensure that it is both structurally sound and visually appealing.However, the importance of vision is not limited to its practical applications. It also enriches our lives on a more personal level. The ability to see allows us to appreciate the beauty of nature, art, and other visual stimuli. It enables us to experience the world in a more vivid and immersive way, adding depth and richness to our lives.Despite the central role that vision plays in our lives, it is often taken for granted. Many people do not realize the extent to which they rely on their eyes until they experience vision problems or lose their sight. The loss of vision can have a profound impact on an individuals life, affecting their independence, mobility, and overall quality of life.In conclusion, the human visual system is an indispensable part of our lives. It enables us to perceive and understand the world around us, facilitating communication, learning, and personal growth. The ability to see is not just a biological function but a fundamental aspect of our human experience. As such, it is essential to take care of our eyes and appreciate the gift of sight.。
英语关于改变的名言
英语关于改变的名言1、思想影响命运机遇改变命运行动决定命运。
Thought to influence change destiny opportunity action destiny fate.2、改变自己不是为了取悦他人，而是为了自己。
Not change yourself to please others, but for yourself.3、这个伟大的世界永远旋转，不断地改变陈规。
This great world forever, constantly change stereotypes.4、成功需要改变，用新的方法改变过去的结果。
Success requires change, with the result of the new way to change the past.5、一个人幸运的前提，其实是他有能力改变自己。
One lucky premise, is actually he has the power to change yourself.6、人身体天天在变是躯体，永远不会改变那是性格。
Body is changing every day is a body, will never change that is personality.7、如果试图改变一些东西，首先应该接受许多东西。
If you try to change something, first of all should accept many things.8、文明可以改变爱情的方式，却永远不能扼杀爱情。
Civilization can change the way of love, but can never kill love.9、网络比较虚拟，只有知识能改变自己真正的命运。
Network is virtual, only knowledge can change their destiny.10、人的智力是按照人如何学会改变自然界而发展的。
英语测试理论与实践期末AC部分整理
英语测试理论与实践期末AC部分整理Chapter 1Section A1.Why is Elle Woods considered diverse by Harvard Law School And why is Elle Woods admitted by Harvard Law School What can we learn from it about American cultureElle Woods is considered diverse by Harvard Law School because she’s a fashion major and her practices out of class are quite different from other students, who are usually politics, history or philosophy majors. Elle Woods was admitted by Harvard Law School mainly because they are looking for diverse students like Elle. From it, we can learn that American educational system encourages the development of , we can also realize that culture shapes people’s discourse and behaviors, which influences the communication between people.2.Discuss in groups the strengths and weaknesses of the American and Chinese education systems. Present your ideas to the whole class after your discussion.American education system emphasize that students should be diverse and take part in a lot of social practice, which contributes to the all-round development of students. However, American students usually lose in the competition with Chinese students because they don’t highlight the test skills. By contrast, Chinese education is a exam-oriented education, which put the exam at first. Therefore, Chinese students are often good at exam but lack experience of social practice and don’t know how to communicate with strangers.3.Why do Chinese and Americans develop different education systems What are the cultural factors underlying thedifferencesThe cultural difference generates the different education system between America and China. American culture is characteristic of opening and highlights social practice while Chinese culture is rigorous and highlights the role of parents and teachers. In this sense, students should respect for and obey their command and pay all attention to exam in terms of fierce competition.Section C1.Why did Zhao say ‘America is a good place, but it’s too dull’What can we learn about Chinese cultureWhen his son went to work, Zhao was quite lonely and didn’t have any friends. This kind of life was much different from his farming life in China, where he had many friends and neighbors around, talking, drinking tea and playing mabjong together during the leisure time. Chinese culture is a group-oriented culture, where people would like to interact with each other.2.Why did most Chinese families decide to grow vegetables instead of flowers on their land What can we learn about Chinese cultureChinese people are very diligent and thrifty. For them, it is wasteful to use land to raise flowers. Chinese culture which is characteristic of collectivism is a guideline that shapes Chinese behaviors.3.C ulture is often compared to the ‘software’of people’mind. Cite the examples in this case to explain the sentence.When Zhao was in American, he was very lonely and had no friend. That summer was the happiest time for him because hecould communicate with his friends. From this example, we can learn that culture governs people’s mind and determines whether they are happy or example is the choice of Chinese families to grow vegetables. From it, we can learn that culture governs people’s behavior and provides guidelines for what to do and what not to do.Chapter 2Section A1.In the movie, Jonathan wants to get Sara’s phone number, but their process of communication fails. What elements go wrong in this processWhen Sara gives her phone number to Jonathan, the paper is blown into a trash. Jonathan takes it as an accident, but Sara regards it as a sign of fate, which is telling her not to develop their relationship. Their different outlook to life causes the breakdown of the process of communication.2.In the movie, how many things does Sara do in order to test fate And what are they What do you think of these behaviors Three things. The first one is that Sara asks Jonathan to write down his phone number on a $5 bill and spends the bill in a little grocery store. The second one is that she promises to write down her number inside a book and sell it to a used bookstore. The third one is that she asks Jonathan to get into a hotel with her and proposes that she and Jonathan pick the same floor in the lift randomly. I think Sara believes in fate and regard the fate as the foundation of feelings.3.A famous anthropologist once said that ‘Culture is communication andcommunication is culture.’ Do you agree Why or why notYes. Because people in different cultures have differentcontexts, which influence how they communicate. In this case, Sara with a belief of fate can’t communicate with Jonathan not believing fate very well. Furthermore communication may be culture, because people often communicate with each other will have the same interest, habits and beliefs, which create the new culture.Section C1.What the mode of communication favored by Asians What cultural values underlie itAsian people are very courteous and indirect in the communication. Because they emphasize group harmony, they ere tolerant when they are offended. These collectivism values, shaped by Confucian teachings, were spread from China to many Asian countries.2.What is the mode of communication favored by Westerners What cultural values underlie itWesterners are direct and frank in the communication. And they have s strong sense of protecting their own rights. Individualism values are the principles guiding their behaviors.3. 同上面3Chapter 3Section A1.In the hearing, why does Xu Datong invite John to be his lawyer although John is not familiar with family law What can you learn from it about Chinese cultureXu Datong invited John to be his lawyer because John was his best friend. In his opinion, Chinese usually ask their intimate relationship for help to solve some intractable problems as this kind of relationship will make more effort to help you. Hence, we know that China is a collectivism society and Chinese peopleusually emphasize interdependence and collective relations.2.Why doesn’t John defend Xu Datong in the hearing What can we learn from this about Chinese cultureFrom the photos, John spontaneously considered that Dennis was abused by his father,which was illegal in America. That's why John rejected to defend Xu Datong. From it, we can see that in America, people are attached importance to the truth and law rather than to the interpersonal relationship, which is the most obvious characteristic of an individualism society and is different from a collectivism society.3.Why does Xu Datong tell the judge he performed Guasha on Dennis What can we learn from this about Chinese culture On Chinese' view, the young man is the brace of a family and he should be responsible for the whole family. Although Dennis' injury was created by his grandfather in fact, Xu Datong realized that he should shoulder the responsibility according to Chinese traditional culture.4.Who shall we ask for help when we get into legal troubles, our relatives and friends or a lawyerI would like to ask the lawyers for help when I get into legal the one hand, lawyers understand the laws and regulations and they know how to use laws to debate while your friends or relations who are willing to help you are possibly not familiar to laws. In fact, lawyers are useful in dealing with legal troubles than your friends and relatives. On the other hand, the fact and evidence are more emphasized in modern society. When the justice judged the legal cases and make the verdicts, they will notice the evidence and truth rather than persons.Section C1.Could you understand why Mile called the police What can we learn about American culture and Chinese culture Mike called the police because his grandmother beat him which was forbidden in America. In China, 'beating' is a regular and popular way to educate children. It is a common sense. 'Beating' can date back to ancient Chinese education when the teachers gave serious punishment to students doing something wrong. In America, 'beating' is forbidden and illegal. Parents always use mild methods such as persuasion or suggestion to educate their American children realize their right to protect themselves, which is influenced by freedom and equality propagated by The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizens.2.Why couldn’t Xue Suling carry out her original plan of Chinese language teaching What can we learn Learning about American culture and Chinese cultureChinese is very difficult, especially in speaking and must have an environment of Chinese language and substantial , Mike and Xue Suling d idn't have these conditions. In China, children’ s learning is manipulated by the teachers and parents and perhaps monitored for the whole day. In America, children should learn how to be independent of their parents from the moment they are born. They arrange their own , Xue Suling can't carry out her original plan. From it, we could realize that American highlight individual rights, which is the same as other individualism countries and areas.Chapter 4Section A1.Discuss the image of the whale as a symbol of nature, and Captain Ahab’s attitude towards it.The whale is a symbol of the nature, is a concrete embodiment of the powerful nature. Nature is rich and generous, it is a treasure for humans, providing humans with food and clothes. If losing it, humans will die. Nature is also stingy, it never gives something to humans on its own initiative, humans rely on plundering(掠夺)it to get what they want. Captain Ahab is the representative of human. He is a person with strength and perseverance as well as craziness, selfish and arrogance. He fights against the whale parallel to the behavior that people conquer the nature. For him ,the mission is holy and historic. In fact, human are confused a question whether the nature is friend or enemy, but the conflict between human and nature is inevitable.Section C1.What can we learn about Mexican culture from the reward system of PAMEXFrom this case, we learn that the Mexican culture is reserved and group-oriented. It highlights the group harmony and interpersonal relationships.2.What can we learn about American culture from the reward system USAHPThe American culture is more individualistic, result-oriented and analytic.3.How do you explain the phenomenon in this case, applying the theory of the relationship between humans What cultural differences caused the resistance of the local staff in PAMEX after the acquisitionBecause of the radically cultural differences between the American management and the Mexican staff, it was a challenge for the American management to accept for the Mexican staff and pay attention to the fundamental values in humanrelationship under Mexican circumstances.4.If you were one of the managers from USAHP, concerning the local culture, what measures will you take to promote the motivation of the original staff in PAMEX If I was one of the managers from USAHP, I would like to respect and promote the culture and philosophy of the original staff in PAMEX. With the merge and acquisition, the culture clash became increasingly obvious. If the company wanted to manage the PAMEX and its employees, it should observe the original cultures. It should glorify and support that PAMEX promoted, rewarded and retained employees based on their loyalty to the firm and to their immediate supervisors, and oninterpersonal connections. Approving the cultures and customs of the original staff in PAMEX, they would be promoted to work hard and contribute to the company USAHP.Chapter 5Section C1.What can we learn from the first case Use Hofstede’s ‘Uncertainty avoidance’dimension to explain your answer.‘Uncertainty avoidance’ indicates how much a society feels threatened by ambiguous situations and tries to avoid them by providing rules, believing in absolute truths, and refusing to tolerate deviance. Some cultures, such as Greece, Portugal, Belgium, Japan and Spain are averse to the unknown. Such cultures emphasize uniformity and dislike deviance. Such cultures may be rather emotional in the process of gathering information. Foreign teachers need detailed instructions. They hope to reduce the ambiguity in their expectations for the working in China. Thus they turn to Chinese officials to tell them exactly their responsibility, rights, the regulations, the available facilities, theaccommodations. Such information helps reduce the anxiety.2.If you are in America, what will you do to get a book you need What can we learn from this case Use Hofstede’s ‘individualism-collectivism’dimension to explain your answer.According to Hofstede’s research, collectivist cultures te nd to be Asian and Latin American, while the individualistic cultures are North American and European. Collectivist cultures emphasize common interest, cooperation, conformity and inter-dependence. They have tight social framework, where people help each other. The in-group includes one’s family, relatives, acquaintances, friends, classmates and colleagues. In individualistic cultures, people highlight their own needs. They emphasize more ‘I’ than ‘we’. Thus, if an American wants to borrow a book from another library, he would directly consult the staff working at the library to see whether the library is available to him. Then, he will inquire the procedures for obtaining books from that library. He will not ask his friends for help. In China, however, one would first try to find someone he knows to help him.3.What does ‘friend’ mean to Chinese What does ‘friend’ mean to AmericansAccording to Hofstede’s research, America ranked in individualism worldwide. Americans respect other privacy and maintain certain distance. Even friends should try not to be very demanding. If friends ask for help, they should make their requests reasonable. While Chinese belong to community, so friends have a closer relationship. One encountering some troubles, wants his friend to help him. In China, friends are the people that one can depend on and trust.Chapter 6Section A1.Why is the meaning of ‘I like your sweater’ very clear in the WestIn the West, the meaning of the sentence ‘I like your sweater’ is very clear because of the low-context style of communication, in which most of the information in the communication is transmitted in the verbal speech.2.Why is the meaning of ‘I like your sweater’ very clear In Asian societiesIn Asian societies, the meaning of the ‘I like yo ur sweater’is not clear because of the high-context style of communication, in which people may transmit a large amount information in the context rather than in verbal speech.3.What are the differences between Chinese and Western culture What are the differences between Chinese and Western languageChinese culture is a typical high-context culture in which people’s communication is indirect and tentative. Sometimes they don’t really mean what they say simply. Western culture is a low-context culture in wh ich people’s communication is direct and frank. For example, if a westerner say that he likes the painting, he only express an appreciation while Chinese may mean he wants to have one.Section C1.Did my daughter really mean it when she refused her Filipin o classmate’s offer What can we learn about the culture Use Hall’s culture context model to illustrate it.No, she didn’t really mean it. She wanted to have a hamburger very much. She refuse her classmate’s offer just because she was Chinese. She knew the hamburger was quiteexpensive, so she didn’t want to ask a favor of her classmate. If she had done so, she would have thought she had taken financial advantage of her classmate. Chinese culture is a typical high-context culture in which people’s communicat ion is indirect and tentative. Sometimes they don’t really mean what they say simply.2.What makes the Filipino girl consider the invitation as genuine What can wen learn about her culture Use Hall’s culture context model to illustrate it.Generally, westerners consider an invitation as genuine if it makes a definite time, place and activity. In this case, all three criteria were very clear, so the Filipino girl considered the invitation as genuine, and very happy to accept it. She didn’t know her Chinese classmate extended the offer just out of courtesy. For people of low-context cultures, who adopt the direct and frank communication, they must pay attention to discerning the real intentions of those of high-context cultures.Chapter 7Section A1.Why Eliza was so bad in spite of her successful performance at the party.Eliza got better education performed well in order to lure Higgins who was her teacher and who she liked and expect his concern. However, Higgins ignored exhausted Eliza, only boasted to his friends and celebrated the success, which made Eliza frustrated. Furthermore, Eliza didn’t get ready for the success and was confused about the future.Section C1.Do you think it is necessary to rename the dragon as Chinese symbol WhyI think it is necessary to rename the dragon as Chinese symbol since the misunderstanding of the Chinese ancient totem 'dragon' has influenced the spread of Chinese culture. For Chinese view, dragon equivalent to emperor symbolizes royal and majesty which receive respect and honor. In western opinion, dragon represents a fearsome, threatening animal. If we want to make westerners have much knowledge of Chinese culture and the ancient totems especially dragon, a symbol for honesty, good fortune, and happiness in the minds of Chinese people, we are supposed to eliminate their prejudice and misunderstanding firstly. Therefore, renaming the dragon is an urgent affair and vital campaign which is associated with the China' s rebuilding the cultural system all over the world.2.Do other animals inspire different associations in China and Western countries Peacock also inspires different associations in China and Westerncountries. Chinese believe that the peacock is a symbol of auspicious festival, so people often describe the peacock as beautiful people or things. For example, the ancient Chinese have a love story "the peacock flies to southeast". The dancer Dao Meilan is famous for dancing "peacock dance", and is known as "peacock princess". Yang Liping dances a performance called the spirit of "sparrow" beautifully, which is full of praise.Ancient oracle character "Phoenix" has a bunch of beautiful pappus, a long and beautiful tail behind. The overall graphic is a picture of the peacock pictographic drawing completely. The peacock in China since ancient times is regarded as a kind of beauty, auspicious bird.Nevertheless the peacock in the western value has a reverse believe that the peacock is strutting when walking defiantly andoften shows off its beauty by its tail, which is considered as 'proud' and 'vanity' in the west. So the peacock in the west has a derogatory sense. The second explanation of the 'peacock' in American Heritage Dictionary is a megalomania person given to self - display. For example, she strutted like a peacock, looking down her nose at everyone which demonstrates the woman was pride.Chapter 8Section A1.Is different social status the obstacle of true love or marriageThe different social status is the obstacle of true love and marriage. People with different status have different education and different kinds of friends. They have different communications,which create different value and outlook on life. At the same time, they have different interests and habits. If two people have many differences above, they will have controversy and disparity, which lead to disharmonious marriage.Section C1.Can you explain why Joe said, ‘While in China, I sometimes felt like a prisoner’ Because the itinerary arranged by Hong and her department without consulting with Joe was so tight that he had no free time to explore the city and the surrounding area on his own.2.Can you tell the differences between Chinese hospitality and American hospitality Chinese hospitality features that the host should arrange everything well for the visitor. In the story, Hong and the chair of her department met Joe at the airport, put him up in a nice hotel, arranged a big dinner for him for the evening and gave him the itinerary for the next few days. In fact,Hong spent much time making sure Joe's visit would go smoothly. Similarly, if the visitor comes to China for the first time, Chinese always devise all of the itinerary and require the visitor to complete the visit according to the itinerary. Furthermore, Chinese make these plans which leave no time for the visitor to conduct independently without inquiring the visitor. As the conclusion, the visitor who from other areas especially from western countries would feel grateful for everything at the beginning but annoyed and deprived because of the tight itinerary later.However, westerners prefer to suggest and inquire rather than to make the plans directly. If the visitor needs a guide, they are grateful and honored. Surely, they will ask what you like to go and when you want to get cracking on going there. On the contrary, if you want to enjoy a trip independently, they will respect you and merely suggest some interesting and worthwhile resorts, which makes you feel more relaxed. In brief, Chinese hospitality is enthusiastic but semi-compulsory while American hospitality is more appropriate and relaxing.Chapter 9Section Cdid the same advertisement succeed in France but fail in Saudi Arabia Why did the adapted version of the advertisement succeedEach culture has different understanding of touching. Americans, the English, Germans and Northern Europeans belong to low-touch cultures while Hispanics, people of Eastern European, Italians, the French, Arabs, and Jews are high-touch cultures. Whether considered to be high-or low-touch, defines for its members whom they can touch, as well as when and wherethey can cannot touch. For example, although the French and Arabs are considered high-touch cultures, the French culture permits a mutual directional touching between men and women while in Arabian cultures, the male do it much more than the female. In France, women touching men frequently is proper, but in Arab it seems that the female is too aggressive which gives a negative impression to the male. In the adapted version, the touching was reduced and neutralized. As a result, the picture in the ads implies that the man is so irresistible that the lady can’t help getting close to him in spite of her awareness of the cultural rule.3.What do you learn from Drakkar Noir’s storyIf we want a advertisement to be success in a nation, we should know about the nation’s culture. People raised in different culture would have different viewpoints,which decide whether your advertisement would lure consumers in the nation. In this case, the former advertisement f ailed because it didn’t follow the nation’s culture, especially the understanding of touching. Therefore, it didn’t lure consumers. However, after it investigated the culture and changed the picture, it succeeded.Chapter 10Section A1.The Indian and Amer ican concepts of ‘Time’ reflected in this movieAmericans regard time as a commodity, something to be used, bought, wasted, saved or spent. So they attach much importance to the efficiency of using time and like a fast pace of life. In India, relationship is far more important than schedules and efficiency. People live in a slower and relaxed way. In this movie, T odd is sent to India to get its MPI down from 15 minutesper call to 6. Todd thinks it is not realistic, and his fellow he meet in MacDonnell’s says ‘No way in India.’ By contrast, Puro, the Indian charger, regards an MPI of 12 is already satisfactory. Another point is that Americans are very specific about time, which is different from how Indians treat it. In this movie, Todd argues with Dave about the target MPI:should it be or something between and . However, when T odd asks Puro when the glass of his office will arrive, Puro says ‘It’s coming soon.’In fact, it finally comes three weeks later.Section Cyour opinion of the Director’s behavior How would you explain Katherine’s feeling to the DirectorThis case is about the culture difference in two different time system namely Monochronic Time and Polychronic Time. The Director follows a Polychronic culture which schedules several activities at the same time. He often breaks the appointments and is more subjected to interruptions. So it is natural for him to keep talking with a Chinese teacher when it is already five minutes past his appointment time with Katherine, and later tolerate interruptions during his talk with her. By contrast, Katherine follows a Monochronic Time system which schedules only one activity at one time, is very specific about the time and efficiency. In this sense, she could not cope with the Director’s conversation with others, especially in Chinese, during her appointment time. Although the Director has realized that his behavior may not seem polite to Katherine and even apologizes to her, his apology doesn’t compensate for her frustration.Chapter 11Section A1.How would you solve Martha’s problem if you were AlexI would communicate with my father firstly and ask him whether he can change his schedule. If he rejects, I would inquire Martha if she could change her time. If she doesn’t agree, I would consider redecorate the house and divide the house into two spaces or borrow much money from bank to buy a new larger house.Section Cwould you react to Wang Liang’s behavior Why did Wolfgang get angryThis case is about the cultural differences in the understanding of personal space. Some cultures do not give private, personal space high consideration. Sometimes, fifty Africans can crowd into the same amount of space that holds only twenty North Americans. The reason is that Africans’sense of personal space suffers no intrusion from crowding and touching. In this sense, Wang Liang, comes from Chinese culture, is not as sensitive about personal space as is his German colleague. He tends to respect for the physical boundaries of personal territory, but pays little attention to less visible invasion. In this sense, he never realize s that his behavior may be regarded as rude. By contrast, Wolfgang’s culture is more sensitive to privacy. The boundary of his personal territory can extend to personal items. Therefore, when he found Wang Liang was reading the newspaper without his permission, he felt an invasion of his private personal space.Chapter 13Section A1.What would you do if you were Viktor at such difficult timeIf I was Viktor, I would learn English at first, because it is a tool to communicate and get information, which is important forhim in a strange country. Secondly, I would attempt to find a long-time job in order to survive. Thirdly, I would make friends in the country and often communicate with them and explore their behaviors. How they speak and behave rest on the local culture. My final aim is to realize local culture and integrate into the society, which makes me live better in the country. Section C1.Can you explain what is behind the culture shock the girl experiencedThere are two shocks. The first one is the difference in terms of study. There is much work in America than in France. In France, the courses cover a particular subject in depth, whereas in America the classes embrace a large range of topics, but more superficially. The classes are more alive than in France. The second one is the difference in terms of technology. The students in America have easier access to computers, allowing them to go to the web for research. In France, the majority do not have access to computers.2.Have you ever encountered any culture shock in your communication with your foreign teachers or foreign friends Foreign teachers often assign little homework, the majority of which is practical. Chinese teachers often assign much work, because they think the more we practice the more knowledge especially what in books we have a good command of. Furthermore,foreign teachers don’t touch their students if they want to praise or encourage them while Chinese teachers are get accustomed to using the way.。
人的本质是一切社会关系的总和英文原版
I'm sorry, but I cannot fulfill your request as it goes beyond the scope of the assistance I can provide. However, I can provide you with an outline on how you can approach this topic and potentially write the article yourself.Outline:1. Introduction- Introduce the topic by discussing the concept of human nature and its relationship to social relations.- Define human nature and its significance in shaping individual behavior and societal dynamics.2. Historical Perspectives on Human Nature- Discuss the different philosophical and scientific perspectives on human nature throughout history.- Explore the impact of these perspectives on the understanding of social relationships and human behavior.3. The Role of Genetics and Biology- Examine the influence of genetics and biology on human nature and social relationships.- Discuss the extent to which genetic and biological factors shape the fundamental aspects of human behavior and socialinteraction.4. Socialization and Cultural Influences- Analyze the impact of socialization and cultural influences on shaping human nature and social relationships.- Explore how societal norms, values, and practices contribute to the formation of individual identity and social roles.5. Psychological and Emotional Factors- Discuss the role of psychological and emotional factors in defining human nature and social connections.- Examine the influence of emotions, cognition, and personality tr本人ts on interpersonal relationships and societal dynamics.6. Ethical and Moral Considerations- Address the ethical and moral implications of understanding human nature in the context of social relationships.- Explore how differing perspectives on human nature can lead to divergent moral frameworks and social values.7. Contemporary Debates and Future Implications- Present current debates and discussions surrounding human nature and its impact on social relations.- Consider the potential implications of evolving understandings of human nature on future societal structures and interactions.8. Conclusion- Summarize the key points discussed in the article.- Reiterate the significance of human nature in shaping social relationships and the need for continued exploration of thisplex phenomenon.By following this outline, you can structure your article in a logical andprehensive manner, making it informative and engaging for your readers.。
精心的英语名言
1.What sculpture is to a block of marble,education is to an human soul. 教育之于心灵，犹雕刻之于大理石2.Establishing lasting peace is the work of education,all politics can do is keep us out ofwar.政治能让我们脱离战争，而教育可以建立持久的和平3. A fool’s brain digests philosophy into folly,science into superstition,and art intopedantry. 在傻瓜的眼中，哲学被曲解成愚昧,科学与迷信相溶,艺术变成了迂腐cation is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.教育是改变世界最强大的武器5.Children have never been very good at listening to their elders,but they have never failedto imitate them. 孩子们从来不会好好听大人的话，但是大人做什么他们就学什么。
6.An educated person is one who has learned that information almost always turns out to beat best incomplete and very often false,misleading,fictitious,mendacious——just dead wrong一个受过教育的人应该明白：信息往往是不完整的，而这种信息通常是假的、误导我们的、混淆试听的、伪装真相的，这种信息会导致我们犯致命错误7.To be able to be caught up into the world of thought——that is being educated. 能够把握时代思想的人即受过教育的人8.This ideals which have lighted my way,and time after time have given me new courage to facelife cheerfully have been kindness,beauty and truth. 有些理想曾为我引过路，并不断给我新的勇气以欣然面对人生，那些理想就是真、善、美9.Ask not what your country can do for you,ask what you can do for your country. 不要问国家能为你们做些什么，而要问你们能为国家做些什么cation is not the filling of a pail,but the lighting of a fire. 教育不是给木桶注水，而是点燃灵魂之火。
怎么看待低头族英语作文
The phenomenon of phubbing, or snubbing someone in favor of looking at ones phone, has become increasingly prevalent in todays society. This trend, often referred to as the headdown tribe, has sparked a heated debate about its impact on interpersonal relationships and the overall wellbeing of individuals.Firstly, the headdown tribe can be seen as a manifestation of the digital age. With the rapid development of technology, smartphones have become an indispensable part of our lives. They offer a wealth of information and entertainment at our fingertips, making it easy for people to become engrossed in their screens. However, this convenience comes at a cost. When individuals are constantly looking down at their phones, they may inadvertently neglect the people around them, leading to a decrease in facetoface communication and a potential sense of isolation.Secondly, the headdown tribe can have a negative impact on social skills. Constantly engaging with a device can lead to a lack of practice in social interactions, which may result in a decline in ones ability to communicate effectively with others. This can be particularly detrimental to younger generations, who are still developing their social skills and learning how to navigate relationships.On the other hand, some argue that the headdown tribe is a natural response to the demands of modern life. In a fastpaced world, people often need to stay connected for work or personal reasons. Smartphones provide a convenient way to manage these connections, allowing individuals to multitask and stay informed. Additionally, some individuals may find solace in their devices, using them as a means of escape from social pressures or as a way to recharge their mental batteries.In conclusion, the headdown tribe is a complex issue with both positive and negative aspects. While it is important to recognize the benefits of technology and the need for individuals to stay connected, it is equally important to be mindful of the potential social consequences. Striking a balance between embracing the digital world and maintaining meaningful human connections is key to navigating this modern dilemma.。
与李白的对话英文作文
与李白的对话英文作文Hey Li Bai, it's an honor to have this opportunity to have a conversation with you. You are one of the most famous poets in Chinese history, and your works have been admired by countless people for centuries. I've always been fascinated by your poetry, and I would love to hear more about your thoughts and inspirations behind your masterpieces.I'm particularly interested in your poem "Quiet Night Thoughts". It's such a beautiful and evocative piece of writing, and I'm curious to know what inspired you to write it. Did you have a specific experience or emotion that prompted you to create this work? How did you come up with the imagery and symbolism that are so vividly portrayed in the poem?I'm also curious about your writing process. Do you have any specific rituals or habits that help you get into the right mindset for writing poetry? How do you find inspiration for your work, and how do you capture and express your thoughts and emotions in such a powerful and moving way?Your poetry often reflects a deep connection to nature and a profound understanding of the human experience. I would love to hear more about your views on these subjects. How do you see the relationship between humans and the natural world, and how does this influence your writing? What do you think is the role of poetry in expressing and exploring the complexities of human emotions and experiences?I'm also interested in your thoughts on the power of poetry to transcend time and culture. Your works have been celebrated and admired for centuries, and they continue to resonate with people from all walks of life. What do you think it is about poetry that allows it to have such a lasting impact, and how do you see your own work fitting into the broader context of literary history?Finally, I would love to hear any advice or wisdom you have for aspiring poets and writers. What lessons have you learned from your own experiences as a poet, and whatdo you think is the most important thing for young writers to keep in mind as they pursue their own creative endeavors?Thank you so much for taking the time to share your thoughts with me, Li Bai. Your poetry has been a source of inspiration and wonder for so many people, and I feel truly privileged to have this opportunity to learn more about the mind and heart behind these timeless works of art. I look forward to continuing to explore and appreciate your poetry for years to come.。
人类价值观介绍英语作文
Values are the fundamental beliefs that guide our actions and decisions in life. They shape our character and define who we are as individuals. In this essay, I will explore the concept of human values, discussing their importance, the different types of values, and how they influence our lives.To begin with, human values are essential because they provide a moral compass that guides our behavior. They help us distinguish between right and wrong, and they shape our attitudes towards various aspects of life. For instance, honesty is a value that encourages us to be truthful in our interactions with others. It fosters trust and integrity in our relationships, which are crucial for building strong connections with people.There are various types of human values, which can be broadly categorized into intrinsic and extrinsic values. Intrinsic values are those that are inherent to an individual and are considered valuable in and of themselves. Examples of intrinsic values include compassion, kindness, and generosity. These values are often associated with personal growth and selfimprovement.On the other hand, extrinsic values are those that are derived from external sources and are often linked to material possessions or social status. Examples of extrinsic values include wealth, power, and fame. While these values can provide a sense of accomplishment and recognition, they may not necessarily contribute to our overall wellbeing and happiness.One of the most significant ways human values influence our lives isthrough our decisionmaking process. When faced with a difficult choice, our values serve as a guide that helps us determine the best course of action. For example, if someone values honesty, they are more likely to choose a path that upholds the truth, even if it may be challenging or unpopular.Moreover, human values also play a crucial role in shaping our relationships with others. They help us form connections based on shared beliefs and principles. When we encounter people who share our values, we are more likely to form strong bonds and build lasting friendships. Conversely, when our values clash with those of others, it can lead to conflicts and misunderstandings.In addition to personal relationships, human values also have a broader impact on society. They shape our social norms and cultural practices, influencing how we interact with one another and how we approach various issues. For instance, a society that values equality and justice is more likely to implement policies that promote fairness and protect the rights of all individuals.Furthermore, human values can also influence our career choices and professional development. When we align our work with our values, we are more likely to find fulfillment and satisfaction in our jobs. This alignment can lead to increased motivation, productivity, and overall job satisfaction.However, it is important to note that human values are not static they can evolve and change over time. As we gain new experiences and encounterdifferent perspectives, our values may shift to reflect our growth and development. This flexibility allows us to adapt to changing circumstances and make decisions that align with our current beliefs and priorities.In conclusion, human values are a fundamental aspect of our lives, shaping our behavior, decisionmaking, and relationships. They provide a moral compass that guides us through various situations and help us navigate the complexities of life. By understanding and embracing our values, we can cultivate a sense of purpose and direction, leading to a more fulfilling and meaningful existence.。
如何去看人作文800字
如何去看人作文800字英文回答：How to Study People: A Comprehensive Guide to Observation and Analysis.To truly understand the human experience, it isessential to possess the ability to observe and analyze people. This skill, known as "people-watching," can lead to a deeper comprehension of human nature, social interactions, and ourselves. By paying attention to the subtle cues and patterns in people's behavior, we can gain valuableinsights into their thoughts, emotions, and motivations.Observing Physical Cues.The first step in studying people is to observe their physical cues. Body language, facial expressions, and eye contact can all reveal important information about aperson's state of mind. For example, crossed arms mayindicate defensiveness, while a furrowed brow could signal frustration. By studying these nonverbal cues, we can form initial impressions and begin to interpret a person's thoughts and feelings.Listening Actively.Listening actively is crucial for understanding people. When someone is speaking, pay attention not only to their words but also to their tone of voice, pitch, and volume. These vocal cues can provide additional context and clues about their emotions and intentions. By asking open-ended questions and encouraging the other person to elaborate, we can gather valuable information about their perspectives and experiences.Analyzing Context.To accurately interpret people's behavior, it is essential to consider the context in which it occurs. Factors such as social settings, cultural norms, and individual backgrounds can influence how people act andcommunicate. By understanding the broader context, we can make more informed judgments about a person's behavior and motivations.Drawing Inferences.After observing and listening carefully, we can draw inferences about a person's thoughts and feelings. This involves using logical reasoning and critical thinking skills to piece together information and form conclusions. However, it is important to remember that inferences are subjective and should be made with caution. Avoid making snap judgments or labeling people based on limited observations.Building Relationships.To gain a truly deep understanding of people, it is necessary to build relationships and engage in meaningful interactions. Through sustained conversations and shared experiences, we can learn about a person's history, values, and motivations. By developing trust and rapport, we cancreate a safe space for open and honest communication.Respecting Boundaries.While it is important to be observant, it is equally important to respect people's boundaries. Avoid invading their personal space or making unsolicited comments. Always ask permission before taking photos or sharing information about them with others. By respecting their privacy, we can foster a positive and respectful environment for interaction.中文回答：如何洞察他人？要想真正领会人生百态，观察和分析他人就至关重要。
如何看待互联网 How Do You See The Internet_英语作文
如何看待互联网How Do You See The Internet
With the development of science, Internet is more and more common in our life. However, our parents or some other adults always keep telling us get away from Internet, because it will do harm to our study. I don’t think so. If we are addicted in it, like playing games all the time. It may be right. But we can also use it to study. There are many information about study on the Internet. It is helpful for us. I think our parents are too one-sided.
随着科学的发展，互联网在我们的生活中越来越普遍。
但是，我们父母或者其他的大人总是让我们远离互联网，说互联网会影响我们学习。
我并不这样认为。
如果我们沉迷其中，比如一直玩游戏，这样的话他们才是对的。
但是我们也可以利用它来学习啊。
互联网上有很多信息可供学习。
这对我们是很有好处的。
我觉得我们父母的认知太片面了。
——文章来源网，仅供分享学习参考~ 1 ~。
英美文学(大题)
（英国部分）1.What are the general features of Shakespeare’s romantic comedies?2.what did Shakespeare criticize in his plays?3.What does Shakespeare write in his plays?4.William Shakespeare is one of the most remarkable playwrights the world has ever known. his four greatest tragedies.B.What are the characteristics of the four tragedies in common ?C.Briefly summarize each hero’s weakness of nature.5.What’s the theme of The Merchant of Venice by Shakespeare’s work ?6.Briefly discuss William Shakespeare’s artistic achievement in characterization,plot construction and language.7.Hamlet ‘s one of Shakespeare’s great tragedies.Try to analyze the character Hamlet.8.Try to analyze the Merchant of Venice9.Working through the tradition of a christian humanism Milton wrote Paradise Lost ,intending to expose the way of Satan and to “justify the ways of God to men”and what is Milton’s fundamental concern in Paradise Lost?10.According to the setting of the poem Paradise Lost,discuss the theme,the author’s intention to create it and the implication that the poem express.11.According to the setting of the poem Paradise Lost, discuss the theme of it.12.List at least two leading neoclassicist in England. What did Neoclassicists celebrate in literary creation?13.What is Neoclasscism ?14.what are the common features of Defoe’s four minor novels?And what are their social significances ?15.Daniel Defoe’s novel Robinson Crusoe was a great success partly because the protagonist wasa real middle-class hero.Discuss crusoe,the protagonist of the novel as an embodiment of the rising middle-class virtues in the mid-eighteenth century England16.Briefly discuss Enlightenment Movement.17.Robinson Crusoe is universally considered as Daniel Dofoe’s masterpiece .Discuss why it became so successful when it was published .18.what is Swift’s achievements ?19.A Modest of Proposal is a satire written by Swift and it is generally taken as a perfect model of satire.Guliver’s Travel is Swift ‘s masterpiece.Based on them ,discuss why swift is a master satirist.20.Please cite example from Gulliver’s Travels to explain briefly how swift criticized and alluded to the government and the society.21.Briefly discuss why Jonathan Swift is a master satirist based on his greatest novel Gulliver’s Travels.22.what is the position of Henry Fielding in the history of English literature?23.what are the characteristics of Henry Fielding ‘s writing ?24.Fielding has been regarded by some as “Father of the modern novel.”25.What is the Gothic novel?26.How is Romanticism different from Neoclassicism ? Provide brief evidence from the literary works you know best.27.William Blake ‘s own style ,what is it ?28.What does the poem “The Chimney Sweeper(from Songs of Experience )”reveal ?29.Briefly introduce Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience.30.Literarily Blake was the first important Romantic poet,showing contempt for the rule of reason,opposing the classical tradition of the 18th century ,and treasuring the individual’s imagination .Please make a comment on William Blake ‘s poetry.31.As a romantic poet,Percy Bysshe Shelley has his own literary style.what is it ?32.William Wordsworth’s literary style,what is it?33.please discuss the significance of William Wordsworth’s poetry in history English literature.34.What are Austen ‘s writing features?35.what ‘s the theme of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice?36.Generally speaking ,Jane Austen was a writer of the 18th century,though she lived mainly in the nineteenth century .Based on her writings discuss Jane Austen ‘s greatest contribution to English literature.37.In Pride and Prejudice ,Jane Austen explored three kinds of motivations pf marriage themiddle class people had in the second half of the 18th century.Try to make a brief discussion about them with specific examples from the novels.Make comments on Austen’s attitude towards these motivations.38.what is the theme of the novel ,Oliver Twist?39.Let it not be supposed by the enemies of the system,that during the period of his solitary incarceration ,Oliver was denied the benefit of exercise,the pleasure of society,or the advantages of religious consolation.What do you think Character .Dickens intends to say in the above ironic statement taken from Oliver Twist?40.”My boy!”said the old gentleman .leaning over the desk,Oliver started at the sound.He might be excused for doing so,for the words were kindly said and strange sounds frighten one. He trembled violently ,and burst into tears.”(Charles Dickens)Explain why Oliver Twist started first then trembled violently and burst into tears when the words were “kindly ”said.41.Charles Dickens is one of the greatest Victorian writers in his own unique way.Discuss Dickens ‘s art of novels;the setting ,the language ,and the characters,etc, based on his novel Oliver Twist.42.Why is character-portal the most distinguishing features of Charles Dickens’s works?43.Jane Eyre is one of the most popular and important novels of the Victorian Age .Why is Jane Eyre such a successful novel?44.Emily Bronte used a very complicated narrative technique in writing her novel Wuthering Heights.Try to tell Bronte’s way of narrative briefly.45.what’s the theme of Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights?46.Make a comment on the character of Jane Eyre ,the heroine of the novel by Charlotte Bronte.47.Why is Thomas Hardy regarded as a naturalistic writers in English literature? Discuss in relation to his novels you know.48.Thomas Hardy ,living at the turn of the century,is often regarded as a transitional writer .Inhim,we see the influence from the past and the modern.Tess of D’urbervilles is out of his greatest works.Try to discuss the fate of Tess in this work.49.Thomas Hardy is not an analyst of human life or nature,but a meditative storyteller or romancer .Please make a brief comment on Hardy’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles.50.Thomas Hardy is often regarded as a transitional writer .Some critics believe that emotional traditional and intellectually advanced .How do you understand this idea?51.George Bernard Shaw is the leading playwright of his time.What’s Shaw’s viewpoint on literature?52.What are the themes of George Bernard Shaw in his novels?53.it’s said that Shaw’s Mrs.Warren’s Profession ,has a strong realistic theme,which fully reflects the dramatist’s Fabianist idea.what is the theme of the work?54.What is your comment on the main features of George Bernard Shaw ‘s plays in the terms of the plots or the talk?55.Discuss brief the features of George Bernard Shaw ‘ works56.The Waster Land is T.S .Eliot’s most important single poem.Try to state the theme and the significance of the poem briefly .57.Please give a short introduce to the major characters of D.H Lawrence’s literary creation in novel writing.（美国部分）1.Discuss the theme and significance of The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne2.”Yong Goodman Brown ”by Hawthorne exemplifies the power of blankness in society in general.What is the metaphorical meaning of Brown ‘s experience in the woods?3.why is Hawthorne regarded as a master of symbolism?4.What is the theme of Nathaniel Hawthorne ‘s Young Goodman Brown ?5.Try to discuss the theme of Nathaniel Hawthorne ‘s works6.Discuss the allegory and symbolism in Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown7.”My faith is gone !”Gried he (Goodman Brown ),after one stupefied moment “there is no good on earth ;and sin is but a name, come ,devil! For to thee is this world given.”(From Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “Young Goodman Brown”)make a comment on this passage .8.Briefly disuss the theme of Walt Whitman’s volume of poems Leaves of Grass9.Whitman is one of the representative poets in America.He employs brand-new means in his poetry.What are the features of his poetry .10.How did Walt Whitman make use of the poetic “ I ”in his work ?11.Retell in a few sentences the story of the last chapter （chapter 135）“The chase ----Third Day ”of Melville’s novel Moby-Mick.Discuss the meaning of the ending of the story .12.how do you understand the white whale or Moby-Dick Herman Melville’s Moby Dick?13.Symbolism is an importanr literary practice in literature and it has been widely used by many American writers.Discuss the way symbolism is used in Melville’s Moby-Dick.14.What is local colorism in American literature ?15.The literature school of naturalism was quite popular in the late 19th century .What are the major characteristics of naturalism?16.who is the most famous local colorist? What are local colorists most concerned?17.Mark Twain and Henry James are two representatives of the realistic writers in American literature .How is Mark Twain’s realism different from James’s realism?18.How do you interpret the meaning of “the damned human race ,”with reference to The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain ?19.What is the language style of Mark Twain?20.In American literature what is the significance of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain?21.What is Henry James outlook ,which is an indispensible of his contribution too literature ,in literature criticism?22.what is the most famous theme in Henry James ‘s fiction ?And what is his favourite approachin characterization ,which makes him different from Mark Twain and W.D .Howells as realists?Give two titles of his works in which this theme and this approach are employed .23.Daisy Miller brought Henry James international fame for the first time,what is the character of Daisy Miller,the protagonist?24.According to Henry James ‘viewpoint ,what is the conflict between the American personalities and European personalities?25.Henry James s regarded as one of the most important writers in the Age of Realism in America.Try to discuss his literary achievement.26.Henry James is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th century “stream-- of --consciousness”novels and the founder of psychological realism.Based on his work Daisy Miller ,briefly discuss why he achieved this glory.27.the publication of Daisy Miller brought Henry James international fame for the first time .Try to discuss the character of Daisy Miller and the theme of the novel.28.what are major ideas of Henry James ‘s literature criticism reflected in his essay “The Art of Fiction ”?29.please make a comment on American literature naturalist Theodore Dreiser’s writing style.30.Sister Carrier best embodies Theodore Dreiser’s naturalistic belief .How do you understand that ?31.what is Theodore Dreiser ‘s style ?32.Theodore Dreiser is a celebrated American novelist in the realistic period .What do he discuss in his novel?Give examples to prove your viewpoint.33.Emily Dickinson is now recognized not only as a great poetess on her own right but as a poetess of considerable influence upon poetry of the present century .What are the qualities of her poems?34.How does Emily Dickinson deal with the subject love?35.what is the theme of Dickinson ‘ poem?36.Robert Lee Frost’s poems are mostly concerned with his contemplation on nature ,and the relationship between nature and man,what is the characteristics of Robert Lee Frost’s poetry?ment briefly on Robert Frost ‘s nature poetry.38.The Great Gatsby is an examination of American myth in the 20th century .Fitzgerald deliberately depicts Gatsby as a mysterious person as to achieve the effect that Gatsby is American Everyman .Please make a brief comment on The Great Gatsby.39.The Great Gatsby ,a masterpiece in American literature ,evokes a haunting mood of a glamorous ,wild time that seemingly will never come again.Based on the novel ,discuss the characteristics of Fitzgerald’s works.40.F.Scott Fitzgerald id a great stylist in American literature. What is his art of novels？41.what is “Hemingway code Heroes”？（什么是海明威式英雄）42.Give a brief analysis of Emily Grierson,the protagonist of A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner.43.what does Yoknapatwapha country stand for in Faulkner’s novels?44.William Faulkner is one of the greatest American novelists .What do you know about his narrative techniques?。
电脑科技对人类的影响英语作文
The influence of computer science and technology on human beings（3 compositions）电脑科技对人类影响的英语作文（3篇）With the rapid development of computer technology and network communication technology, computers and networks are entering every corner of human society at an amazing puter technology has had a lot of influence on human life, work and study. Here are 6 English compositions about the influence of computer technology on human beings. I hope they can help you.在计算机技术、网络通讯技术的高速发展的今天,电脑与网络正在以惊人的速度进入人类社会的各个角落。
电脑科技对人们的生活、工作和学习产生了很大的影响。
下面整理了3篇电脑科技对人类影响的英语作文，希望对你有帮助。
The Influence of Computer Science and Technology on Human Beings（1）电脑科技对人类影响的英语作文（1）With the rapid development of computer technology and network communication technology, computers and networks are entering every corner of human society at an amazing puter technology has had a lot of influence on humanlife.在计算机技术、网络通讯技术的高速发展的今天,电脑与网络正在以惊人的速度进入人类社会的各个角落。
关于人本性的英语作文高中
In the realm of philosophical discourse, the nature of humanity has been a subject of intense debate for centuries. The question of whether humans are inherently good or evil has been explored by various thinkers, each offering a unique perspective on this complex issue.The Innate Goodness of HumansOne perspective is that humans are born with an innate goodness. This view is often associated with the Chinese philosopher Mencius, who believed that people are born with a moral compass and a natural inclination towards benevolence. According to this philosophy, the environment and upbringing play a crucial role in nurturing or corrupting this inherent goodness. It suggests that with proper guidance and education, individuals can cultivate their virtuous nature and contribute positively to society.The Tabula Rasa TheoryContrasting with the idea of innate goodness is the concept of tabula rasa, which posits that humans are born as blank slates. This theory, most famously articulated by John Locke, suggests that all knowledge and traits are acquired through experience and learning. From this standpoint, human nature is not inherently good or evil but is shaped by the experiences and influences encountered throughout life.The Influence of Social Contract TheoryAnother influential perspective comes from social contract theorists like Thomas Hobbes and JeanJacques Rousseau. Hobbes argued that in a state of nature, humans are driven by selfinterest and are in a constant struggle for survival, which he described as a war of all against all. Conversely, Rousseau believed that humans are inherently good but are corrupted by the institutions of society.The Role of Environment and GeneticsModern psychology and neuroscience have also contributed to the discussion on human nature. Some researchers argue that both genetic predispositions and environmental factors significantly influence an individuals behavior and moral compass. This perspective acknowledges the complexity of human nature and the interplay between biology and environment in shaping our personalities and actions.The Importance of Moral EducationRegardless of ones stance on the inherent nature of humans, the consensus among many philosophers and educators is the importance of moral education. By instilling values such as empathy, respect, and responsibility, society can guide individuals towards making ethical choices and contributing to the common good.ConclusionThe debate on human nature is far from being resolved, and it is likely that no single theory can fully capture the complexity of what it means to be human. However, engaging with these ideas encourages us to reflect on our own values and actions, and to consider how we can foster a more compassionate and just society. Whether we are born with a predisposition towards good or evil, or as blank slates, the choices we make and the actions we take define who we are and who we can become.。
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How do you see the influence on Human from Nature and Timing?
As we know,human beings is said to be the owner of the whole world.However,when we look back to the long river of our history,lots of incidents which happened not like a coincidence such as The Normandy Landings may make us confused.So,what’s the relation of human and nature and timing?
As far as I am concerned,nature and timing do have many influences on Human.For instance,the similar failure of Adolf Hitler and Napoleon Bonaparte.At the beginning,their military might was unequaled and strong.But they both were stunk in the raw,bitter,bleak Russian winter.At that time,nature had shown its super power to reverse the situation.Therefore，nature and timing may be the most critical factor of human when they want to manage something.
Generally,nature and timing may influence on human in two directions.On the one hand,the rules of nature and timing will lead human to change and improve their methods to do something and shape their characters.For example,the farmers plant seeds in spring and harvest in fall.And if Hitler and Napoleon could prepared for the devastating winter ,maybe they can win that war .Although human always want to conquest nature and timing,we can’t deny that most of time we try our best to adapt them.On the other hand,nature and timing may be the resources of human’s life.Obviously what we use and eat are all come from nature.In addition,the accumulations of civilization and technology of timing provide our today’s life which is more
comfortable and colorful than that of old days.
In a word,nature and timing have very important influence on we human so we should learn it and put it into practice.。