余志远《英国国家概况》笔记和课后习题详解(美国历史(Ⅰ)(1600—1900))【圣才出品】

第15章美国历史(Ⅰ)(1600—1900)

15.1 复习笔记

Ⅰ. Discovery of the New World

Ⅱ. The Colonial Period

Ⅲ. The War of Independence

Ⅳ. A New Form of Government

Ⅴ. The War of 1812

Ⅵ. T erritorial Expansion and Westward Movement

Ⅶ. The Civil War

Ⅰ. Discovery of the New World

1. The “first Americans” were the Indians.

2. In the late 15th century, Christopher Columbus, an Italian navigator, thought he had reached Asia and didn’t know he had discovered a New Continent.

3. Another navigator, Amerigo Vespucci, proved that the land was a new continent. Therefore, the land was named America after him.

Ⅰ. 新世界的发现

1. 最早的“美国人”是印第安人。

2. 15世纪后期，意大利航海家克里斯托弗•哥伦布认为他到达了亚洲，并不知道他发现了一

个新大陆。

3. 另一位航海家亚美利哥•韦斯普奇证明了这是一个新大陆。因此，这片陆地以他的名字命名为美国。

Ⅱ. The Colonial Period

1. The first English colony in the Americas was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.

2. Many settlers came to the English colonies in search of religious freedom.

3. In 1620, the Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called Mayflower. They arrived at Plymouth and built the Plymouth colony.

4. The Puritans intended to establish what they considered the one true church. The colonists were building a new way of life in the New World.

Ⅱ. 殖民地时期

1. 1607年，美国的第一个英国殖民地詹姆斯敦，弗吉尼亚建立了。

2. 很多来到英国殖民地的定居者是为了寻找宗教自由。

3. 1620年，清教徒乘坐五月花船航行来到了新世界。他们到达普利茅斯，建立了普利茅斯殖民地。

4. 清教徒想建立一个真正的教会。殖民者在新大陆建立了新的生活方式。

Ⅲ. The War of Independence

1. The people in the colonies opposed the unfair treatment and all these policies.

2. On April 19, 1775, when the British soldiers arrived at Lexington they were met by

several dozen armed militiamen. Suddenly a shot was fired. And the War of Independence had begun.

3. The Second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia. Thomas Jefferson of Virginia drafted the Declaration of Independence. On July 4, 1776, the Congress adopted the declaration.

4. In 1777, American troops defeated the British at Saratoga. This was a great turning point of the war.

5. In September, 1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed. Britain recognized the independence of the United States.

Ⅲ. 独立战争

1. 殖民地人民反对这些不公平的待遇和政策。

2. 1775年，4月19日，当英国士兵到达列克星敦时，他们遇到了一些武装民兵。突然有人开枪。独立战争开始了。

3. 第二次大陆会议在费城举行。弗吉尼亚的托马斯•杰斐逊起草了《独立宣言》。1776年7月4日，国会通过了《独立宣言》。

4. 1777年，美国军队在萨拉托加打败了英国军队。这是内战的重要转折点。

5. 1783年9月，《巴黎条约》签订。英国承认美国的独立。

Ⅳ. A New Form of Government

1. A draft of a confederation was accepted by Congress in November 1777. The document was accepted by all the states by March 1781. It was called the Articles of Confederation.