计算机英语第3版课后习题答案

They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, 3版）》练习参考答案《计算机英语（第workstations, or microcomputers.

All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this Unit One: Computer and Computer Science

categorization provides some Unit One/Section A

indication of the computer's speed, size, cost, and abilities. I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant 1. Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron

changes. First-generation 2. input; output

computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC (通用自动计3. VLSI

4. workstations; mainframes 算机), introduced in the

5. vacuum; transistors early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation

6. instructions; software computers, appearing in the

7. digit; eight; byte early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum

8. microminiaturization; chip tubes. In third-generation

computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced

II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into transistors. In fourth-generation

Chinese and vice versa: computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the

1. artificial intelligence 人工智能mid-1970s, large-scale

integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on 纸带阅读器2. paper-tape reader

one chip. Fifth-generation 3. optical computer 光计算机

computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration 神经网络4. neural network

with sophisticated approaches 5. instruction set 指令集

to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed 并行处理6. parallel processing

processing. 差分机7. difference engine

8. versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese: 硅衬底

9. silicon substrate 计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。语音识别的真空管10. vacuum tube 改进将使计算机的操数据的存储与处理11. the storage and handling of data 作更加容易。虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交超大规模集成电路12. very large-scale integrated circuit 互的技术，也将有助于创13. central processing unit 中央处理器建更好的人机接口。人们正在开发其他的奇异计算模型，包括analogue 模拟计算机个人计算机14. personal computer 15. 使用生物机体的生物计算、computer

使用具有特定属性的分子的分子计算，以及使用遗传基本单位数字计算机digital computer 16.

DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）存17. 通用计算机general-purpose computer

储数据和执行操作的计算。这些都是可能的未来计算平台的例18. 处理器芯片processor chip

子，而它们迄今还能力有operating instructions 19. 操作指令限或完全属于理论范畴。科学家们研究它们，是因为嵌入硅中20. 输入设备input device

的电路的微小型化受到物理限制。还有一些限制与甚至最微小

的晶体管也会产生的热量有关。III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making

Unit One/Section B changes if necessary:

I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: We can define a computer as a device that accepts input,

1. experimentation processes data, stores data, and

2. interfacing produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers

3. interdisciplinary are either analog or digital.

4. microprocessor