雅思阅读同义替换整理(完整)
雅思阅读同义词的替换
9. important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.
10. reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.
11. protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.
3. mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.
4. easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.
5. change=modify 改变v.
6. destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.
7. investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=obe=look into 调查v.
瑞文网语文同义词雅思阅读同义词的替换
雅思阅读同义词的替换
雅思阅读同义词的替换
1. ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视 v.
2. encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.
12. newspapers, television=media媒体n.
13. where to live=habitat居住地n.
14. get warmer=global warming变暖n.
15. contribute to=play a part有助于v.
16. survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.
雅思阅读同义词替换
雅思阅读中的同义词替换汇总1abandon, desert, forsake, leave, give up 动词，均有“放弃”之意2ability, capacity, capability, genius, talent, competence, faculty, gift, aptitude ，名词，均有“能力”之意3able, capable, competent，形容词，均有“有能力的”之意4abolish, cancel, repeal，动词，均有“取消，废止”之意5absorb, suck, digest, incorporate，动词，均有“吸收”之意6absurd, ridiclous，形容词，均有“荒唐的，可笑的”意思7abundant, plentiful, ample8accident, incident, event, occurrence, happening，名词，有“事件”之意9 accompany, conduct, attend, escor，动词，均有“陪同，伴随”之意10 accordingly, consequently, hence, so, therefore, thus连接副词，均有“因此，所以”之意。
11 account, repor，名词，有“报道，叙述”之意。
12 accumulate, amass, collect, gather, heap, pile，动词，“积聚，聚集，积累”13 accurate, exact, precise, right, true, correct，形容词，“准确的，正确的”14 accuse, charge，动词，“指控、谴责”。
15ache, pain, sore，名词，均含有“疼、疼痛”之意。
16acknowledge, admit, confess, recognize, concede，动词，均含“承认”之意。
雅思阅读同义词替换的内容
16.immunity=resistancen.免疫力
17.entail=involvev.包含
18.circumstance=systemn.环境，系统
投诉
12.imbalance=disorder=unequal=disproportionaten.不平衡，紊乱
13.nolongerrespond=resistance=fightagainst抵抗
14.cost=financialoutlay=spend=charge=fare=rental=tolln.支出
6.spacious=largely=big=huge=vast=enormous=immenseadj.广阔的
7.adapt=accessible=getusedto=bee/growaccustomedto=adjusttov.适应，可接近的
8.careful=elaborate=conscientious=thorough=meticulous=methodicaladj.仔细的，精心的
2.format=patternn.格式
3.lesssuccessfulstudent=struggler差等生
4.key=contributingfactor=important=major=significant=criticaln.关键
5.achievement=attainment=progress=breakthrough=acplishmentn.成就
雅思阅读一次考察1200x3字左右四十道题实际做题时间不到一个小时这是个什么概念高考英语一篇文章400词左右阅读加起来2000词左右也就是说阅读部分相当于相同的时间做两遍高考所以阅读是要咱们第一个字开始翻译到最后一个字吗
雅思阅读同义词替换(剑 1-剑 9)
雅思阅读同义词替换（剑1-剑9）剑 9 第一篇：1. recognise one's ability/ perceive one's talent/one's talent be perceived2. enrol in a school/attend a school3. sth that made him rich and famous/ sth bring him both fame and fortune4. Immediately understand/instant recognition5. refer to/ known as6. consult/ ask advice of7. now/ current/present/happening8. transmission/ sending information9. response/ reply10. ground rules/ assumptions underlying the research11. likelihood/ it seems/ perhaps, guess, estimate12. life expectancy/ the lifetime of13. most powerful/ the largest/ the biggest/ the best/ the greatest14. resemble/ pretty well like/ be similar to/ same as15. promptly/ immediately/instantly16. migrant/ migrate/ migration17. before/ in advance/ prior/ previously/ former18. make big changes/ redesign/modification/alteration19. lack/ never/no/not/in need of/want20. incomplete fossilised remains/ only fragments are found21. determine/ decide22. obtain/ acquire/ earn / gain / get/ procure/ receive / secure23. dense/ tight/thick/heavy24. indicate/ demonstrate / disclose / display / exhibit/ express/ hint/ imply/ point out/ pr esent/ reveal/ show /signify/suggest1. Initiative/initiate/ launch/ pioneer/ introduce/ develop2. National policy/ New Zealand strategy3. Global/international4. Team effort/ institutional working party5. Hypothesis/guess/ speculation/ possibility/theory/potential6. Suitable/appropriate7. Worldwide regulations/ international standard8. Medical conditions/ illness/ disease9. Place…at risk/ leave…vulnerable10. Auditory problems/hearing loss11. Study/carry out research12. Machinery noise/ noise generated by machine13. Child which have not been diagnosed/ undiagnosed children14. Current teaching method/ modern teaching practices15. Cooling systems/ air-conditioning/mechanical means of ventilation16. Different/distinct/varied/reverse17. Prevent/keep from/inhibit/stop/thwart18. Potential/future/be expected to be/possible/likely19. Fail to do/never/not/unable to do20. Calculate/determine the value21. Be worked out/be calculated22. Realise/recognise/show/see/understand23. Witness/view/see/observe24. Distorted/look smeared/not circular1. Competitive/competitors/competition2. Achievement/success3. Because/thus/It is… that 强调句型/so4. Rely on previous events/draw on past experience5. A result of/ a product of6. Pitfalls/ traps/snares7. Exposure to …/bombard…with8. Receptive/receive/embrace/accept/agree9. Novelty/new experience10. Fear/phobia11. Embarrassment/ridicule12. Psychological illness/mental disorder13. Decide/decision14. Scientific/science/technology/technological15. Argue/argument/debate/debatable/discuss/dispute/disputable16. Understandable/understand/reasonable17. Be affected by/influence18. Stil exist/be still with us19. Stop/halt/prevent/end20. Pointless/not/no point of21. Misrepresented/paint unreal pictures22. The custom of speaking/ popular speech23. Grammatical rules/ rules of grammar24. Alternative/choice/way/replacement剑 9 第四篇1. Back into Britain/ re-import into Britain2. Reliable/predictable3. Cut down/reduce4. Increase income/export earner5. Power station/power plant6. In the vicinity of/around/nearby7. Extraction of seaweed/clean seaweed8. Result from/cause9. In danger/at risk10. Comparatively/relatively11. Explanation/explain/reason12. Transmission of information/information pass on/information send back/transmit 13. Unnecessary/redundant/superfluous14. Incident/event15. Initial y/original y16. Be about to stop working/on the brink of failing17. Be used to/by means of18. Send messages over distances/transmit information from place to place19. Signal strength/ strength of the signal20. From her childhood/when she was a child21. Her children were born/birth of her two daughters22. Marie took over the teaching position/she was appointed to the professorship 23. Have the same property/…is true for …24. Receive recognition/be awarded剑 9 其他：1. Col ect/accumulate2. Both…and/not only…but also3. Stock sth./ a stock of sth.4. Be exposed to/ by exposure to5. Imitation/imitate/mimic6. Be contingent on/ depend on7. Mastery/power8. The aspects of self-awareness is difficult to research directly/Empiricalinvestigation of the se lf-as-subject are rather scarce9. …is link to …/the link between…and…10. Primarily intend for the public/for the ordinary visitor11. Personal involvement/themselves can act as if part of the historical environment 112. …and …are less easy to distinguish than before/ the sharp distinction is g radual y evapor ating13. Balance the conflicting priorities/ steer a narrow course between the demand of …14. Reveal/present/presentation15. Durable objects/ transitory nature of the materials(反义词)16. Consumer/market force17. Give false impression/ bias in the representation18. Current trend/majority of the public剑8：Cambridge 8 TEST 11. agree=concur=go along with=fal in with=go with v.同意2. sceptic and advocate=different attitude 不同的看法3. significance=impressive=meaning=sense n.重要性4. meditation: the practice of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings, in order to relax completely or for religious reasons n.冥想，沉思5. parapsychology: the scientific study of mysterious abilities that some people claim to have, such as knowing what wil happen in the future n.通灵学6. environment=condition=light, sound, warmth=situation=circumstance n.环境7. alter=change=revise=make changes v. 改变8. trial=experiment=test n.实验9. success rate=positive result=achievement=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.成就10. pick out=identify=recognize=know=tel v.认出，识别11. limit=minimize=maximum=the most=ceiling=cut-off point v.限制12. different=individual=not like=vary=not the same=contrast with=diverse adj.独特的13. invention=device=creation=innovation n.发明，装置14. cold temperature=freezing weather=chil y=frosty=wintry=cold snap adj.寒冷的15. farming=agriculture n.农业16. simultaneous=at the same time=together=at once=at one time adj.同时的17. uniform=equal=homogeneous adj.均衡的18. devise=formulate=invent=create=come up with=make up=conceive=coin=dream upv.创造19. civil=municipal=metropolitan adj.城市的20. divide=split=separate=break up=break down=take apart=take something to piece v.分开21. new=revolutionary=original=innovation=fresh=novel=be in its infancy adj.新的，革命的22. create=introduce=invent=make sth. do sth.=be the cause=lead to sth. v..发明23. organize=co-ordinate=arrange=set out=put something in order=line up v.组织，使协调24. public event=communal activity 公众、社交活动25. aviation disaster=sky accident=air crash 空难26. prompt=result in=lead to=make somebody do something=cause somebody to dosomething=lead somebody to do something=motivate=induce somebody to do something v.导致27. resemble=like=similar=alike=much the same=comparable v.类似28. oversimplify=incomplete=simplistic=generalize=see things in black and white adj.过于简化的，不完整的29. altitude=from…meters above the ground=height=how high=level n.高度30. zone=airspace=region=area=district=quarter=block=suburb n.区域31. weather=meteorological=climate=condition n.气候32. categorize=class / type=sort=classify=be grouped=grade v.分类33. create=establish=invent=start up=open=set up=found=inception v.创建34. beacon and flashing=light=beam n.灯光35. improve=develop=evolve=get better=catch up=pick up=things are looking up v.发展，进化36. aircraft=plane=by air n.飞机37. average-sized=medium-sized adj. 中等的38. city=metropolitan=urban=town=vil age=civic=municipal=downtown n.城市39. pendulum : a long metal stick with a weight at the bottom that swings regularly from side to side to control the working of a clock n.钟摆40. coincidental : happening completely by chance without being planned adj.巧合的41. disobey : to refuse to do what someone with authority tel s you to do, or refuse to obey a rule or law v.不服从Cambridge 8 TEST 2drastical y : extreme and sudden adv.彻底地carry out : subject to : 使服从remain=stay=keep=continue to be=stil v.保持detect=inspect=examine=notice=spot=become aware /conscious=note=conserve=perceive v.检查fault=flaw=defect=trouble=bug=virus=be something wrong with=be something matter with n.缺陷，缺点enough=sufficient=adequate=cover=meet somebody's need adj.足够的main=largely=principal=chief=major=key=primary=prime=predominant=core adj.主要的:documentation=written account=evidence=proof n.证明shift=switch=transfer=move=jerk v.转换consistent=lasting=stay the same=constant=unchanging adj.持续的drought=no rain at al =dry=dusty adj.干旱的period=cycle=era=age n.年代random=arbitrary=at random adj.随机的molten=hot=heat=boiling / boiling hot=scalding / scalding hot adj.熔化的intense=strong=passionate=powerful=deep adj.强烈的discover=explore=find / unearth=turn up v.开发，发现pattern=trade / commodity=business n.贸易relate to=associate with=link to / connect to=identify with 联系feeling=emotional response / sensory=a sense of=passion n. 感觉unappreciated=undervalued adj.低估的difficult=elusive=hard / tough=easier said than done adj.困难的，难懂的study=research=analyse=do/conduct research v.研究smell=odour=scent n.气味interpretation=be considered to be=understanding=reading n.理解define=distinguish=tel the difference v.使明确damage=impair=break=do/cause damage=scratch v.损害realize=consciously consider=occur to=become aware=sink in=strike=hit=wake up to the fact that v.想到reveal=show=demonstrate=let somebody see=present=expose=let somebody take alook v.显示to be defined=unanswered 无答案的husbands and wives=marriage partner / spouse=couple=newlyweds 夫妇linguistic=language n.语言describe=name=express=give a description of=talk about=write about=give an accountof=tell of v.描述lack=do not exist=not enough=scarce=inadequate=insufficient=in short supply v.缺乏的do not smel =odorless 没有气味的regard as=consider to 把…认作unpleasant=offensive=horrible / disgusting / revolting=not very nice=nasty adj.极讨厌的certain=some=a measure of adj.一些correspond=be consist of=coincide=match up v.一致relevance n.关联float=afloat v.浮动1. building=property=construction n.建筑2. support=back=be behind=in support of=back somebody up v.支持3. financial support=fund=financial aid 资助4. stumbling block=difficulty=trouble n.麻烦5. create=generate=form=produce v.形成6. direct=guide=lead=instruct=give order/instruction v.指导7. beam=laser=ray=glow=glare n.光线，激光8. aim=direct at=purpose=point=idea=objective=goal=target n.目的9. test in real=field test 实地测试10. genius=giftedness / talent / intel ectual=intel igence=brains=bril iant=wisdom n.天才11. inherit=run in family=receive=get=be given=be awarded v.继承12. talent=prodigy=skil =ability=craftsmanship=flair=have a knack=a natural ability to do something wel n.才能，技能13. lessen=minimize=subside=lighten=relieve=ease=al ay v.减少14. significance=supremacy=definition=meaning=sense=connotation n.重要性15. achieve=make=succeed=manage=make progress=accomplish=get results v.达成16. limitation=restricted=disadvantage=drawback=liability=the downside n.限制17. inexorable=inevitable=unstoppable=remorseless adj.无法改变的18. stable=characteristic=constant=steady=fixed=unchanging adj.稳定的19. life span=duration of life20. biological clock=internal clock 生物钟21. prolong=extend=drag out=spin out v.延伸，延长22. principle=law=conscience=scruples n.原则，法则23. optimal=better=best adj.最佳的24. conserve=save / frugal=reserve=keep back v.节约，保存25. immortality : the state of living for ever or being remembered for ever adj.不朽的26. organism=living thing=life form=wildlife =an animal, plant, human, or any otherliving thing n.有机的1. building=property=construction n.建筑2. support=back=be behind=in support of=back somebody up v.支持3. financial support=fund=financial aid 资助4. stumbling block=difficulty=trouble n.麻烦5. create=generate=form=produce v.形成6. direct=guide=lead=instruct=give order/instruction v.指导7. beam=laser=ray=glow=glare n.光线，激光8. aim=direct at=purpose=point=idea=objective=goal=target n.目的9. test in real=field test 实地测试10. genius=giftedness / talent / intel ectual=intel igence=brains=bril iant=wisdom n.天才11. inherit=run in family=receive=get=be given=be awarded v.继承12. talent=prodigy=skil =ability=craftsmanship=flair=have a knack=a natural ability to do something wel n.才能，技能13. lessen=minimize=subside=lighten=relieve=ease=al ay v.减少14. significance=supremacy=definition=meaning=sense=connotation n.重要性15. achieve=make=succeed=manage=make progress=accomplish=get results v.达成16. limitation=restricted=disadvantage=drawback=liability=the downside n.限制17. inexorable=inevitable=unstoppable=remorseless adj.无法改变的18. stable=characteristic=constant=steady=fixed=unchanging adj.稳定的19. life span=duration of life 寿命20. biological clock=internal clock 生物钟21. prolong=extend=drag out=spin out v.延伸，延长22. principle=law=conscience=scruples n.原则，法则23. optimal=better=best adj.最佳的24. conserve=save / frugal=reserve=keep back v.节约，保存25. immortality : the state of living for ever or being remembered for ever adj.不朽的26. organism=living thing=life form=wildlife =an animal, plant, human, or any otherliving thing n.有机的1. middle-year education=lower secondary school 中学2. format=pattern n.格式3. less successful student=struggler 差等生4. key=contributing factor=important=major=significant=critical n.关键5. achievement=attainment=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.成就6. spacious=largely=big=huge=vast=enormous=immense adj.广阔的7. adapt=accessible=get used to=become/grow accustomed to=adjust to v.适应，可接近的8. careful=elaborate=conscientious=thorough=meticulous=methodical adj.仔细的，精心的9. supplementary=assist=additional=extra=further=added=spare=more=another n.补充，帮助10. effort=hard work=work at=push yourself=labour n.努力11. correct answer=accuracy n.精确12. imbalance=disorder=unequal=disproportionate n.不平衡，紊乱13. no longer respond=resistance=fight against 抵抗14. cost=financial outlay=spend=charge=fare=rental=tol n.支出15. innate=built-in adj.先天的16. immunity=resistance n.免疫力17. entail=involve v.包含18. circumstance=system n.环境，系统19. feed on=prey on 以…为食20. blight=plague v.破坏21. wipe out=eradicate=get rid of=abolish=scrap=do away with=eliminate 根除22. plague=infest=troublesome v.折磨23. compare=determination of variation=contrast=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel v.对比24. criterion=identification=standard=scale n.标准，识别25. compatible=use both method=well-matched=be made for each other=be a perfectmatch /pair/couple=be right for=be ideal y suited adj.兼容的26. specimen=individual n.标本27. container=plastic or glass tube n.容器28. wet=marshy=soaked=waterlogged=awash adj.湿的29. habitat=area=the environment=ecosystem=ecology n.栖息地30. pitfal =trap n.陷阱31. little time and effort is required=minimal maintenance and intervention 最小程度的维修与介入32. pesticide: a chemical substance used to kil insects and smal animals that destroy crops n.杀虫剂33. preservative: a chemical substance that is used to prevent things from decaying, for example food or wood n.防腐剂剑7Cambridge 7 TEST 11. rely on=depend on 依靠 v.2. avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免 v.3. die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝 v.4. hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎 v.5. limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四肢 n.6. perceive=sense=see=spot=become aware of=observe 感知，感觉 v.7. calculate=measure=work out=figure=estimate=access 计算 v.8. detection=finding=observation 探测 n.9. coin=invent=make=create=come up with 发明，创造 v.10. inaccurate=incorrect=wrong=misleading 不精确的 adj.11. revision=change=shift=reform=alteration 改进 n.12. downward=fal =drop=downhil 下降的 adj.13. increasing=soaring=growing=rising 上升的 adj.14. primarily=mainly=largely=chiefly=principal y 主要地 adv.15. due to=because of=as a result of=thanks to=owing to 因为16. decrease=reduce=fal =drop 下降 v.17. radical=not traditional=new=unconventional 激进的 adj.18. prior to=beforehand=before=in advance=on the eve of 之前19. demanding=difficult=hard=chal enging=tough 要求高的，艰难的 adj.20. wel known=notorious=famous=renowned 著名的 adj.21. admit=acknowledge=confess=to tel the truth 承认 v.22. be similar to=like=resemble=bear a resemblance to=akin to 相似 v.23. result in=lead to=cause=give rise to=bring about 引发，导致24. sophisticated=advanced=high-tech=complex=complicated 复杂的25. address=solve=deal with=handle 处理 v.26. imitate=copy=impersonate=fol ow one's example 模仿 v.27. maintain=continue=carry on=keep up=preserve 维持 v.28. feed=eat=have=chew=swal ow=consume 喂食 v.29. il ustrate=show=demonstrate=make clear=reflect 说明 v.30. memorise=learn=commit something to memory 记忆 v.31. conventional=traditional=conformist=conservative 传统的 v.32. notice=see=spot=be aware of=be conscious of 注意到 v.33. retain=keep=save=hold on to 保持 v.34. convince=persuade=win sb. over=satisfy 使确信 v.35. spectacular=impressive=imposing=striking=grand 壮观的 adj.Cambridge 7 TEST 21. interior=inner=inside 内部的 adj.2. change=shift=alter=transfer 改变 v.3. establish=build=found=set up=start 建立 v.4. official=authority=leader=supervisor 官员 n.5. isolated=inaccessible=distant=remote=faraway 隔离的, 边远的 adj.6. collapse=fall=fall over=fall down 倒塌 v.7. destroy=devastate=wreck=obliterate 毁灭 v.8. absorb=digest=take in=assimilate 吸收 v.9. severe=serious=stiff=heavy 严重的 adj.10. purify=refine=distil 净化 v.11. hidden=disguised=concealed=veiled 隐藏的 adj.12. decline=decrease=reduce=fal =drop 下降 v.13. deteriorate=get worse=go down=decline 变坏 v.14. recognize=know=identify=pick out 认出 v.15. conclude=summarize=come to/reach the conclusion 得出结论 v.16. adapt to=get used to=become accustomed to=adjust to 适应 v.17. initiate=start=launch=open=set in motion 开始，发起 v.18. refer to=mention=al ude to=touch on 提到 v.19. identify=name=recognize=diagnose 确定，认同 v.20. request=demand=claim=petition=appeal 要求 n.21. be divided into=separate=split=break up=break down 分开 v.22. consist of=be made up of=be composed of=comprise 由…组成23. hinder=hamper=impede 阻碍 v.24. objective=aim=purpose=goal=target 目标 n.25. implement=carry on=execute=put sth. Into practice 实行 v.26. promote=encourage=help=aid 促进 v.27. warn=caution=alert=give sb. a warning 警告 v.28. observation post=watchtower 瞭望塔 n.29. access=entrance=entryway=way in 通路，进入 n.Cambridge 7 TEST 31. cause=reason=factor=origin=root 原因 n.2. measure=weigh=time=take=read 测量 v.3. route=motorway=highway=expressway 车道 n.4. exclude=omit=miss out=leave out=drop 排除在外 v.5. renewable=sustainable=recycling=environmental y friendly 可再生的 adj.6. exist=there is/are=be found=occur 存在 v.7. limit=restrict=constrain=confine=keep to 限制 v.8. boundary=border=edge=outskirts=frontier 边界 n.9. al ow for=make sth. Possible 使…成为可能10. proposal=suggestion=recommendation=proposition 提议 n.11. urban=city=town=municipal 城市的 adj.12. odour=smel =stench=stink 味道 n.13. find one's way=navigate 导航 v.14. bearing=position=standing 方位 n.15. exchange=share=distribute 分享 v.16. waste=unwanted materials=rubbish=garbage=trash 废物 n.17. dental=teeth 牙齿的 adj.18. priority=preferential=the most important=overriding 优先 n.19. encourage=promote=help=support=be supportive 鼓励 v.20. explore=look for=discuss=think 探索 v.21. factor=cause=reason=root=origin 因素 n.22. cultivate=grow=raise 培养 v.23. convert=modify=transfer=adapt=customize 转变 v.24. digest=take in=absorb=assimilate 消化 v.25. preserve=protect=keep=store=keep sth. In storage 保存，保护 v.26. monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视 v.27. al ocate=distribute=apportion=grant=confer 分配 v.28. decline=decrease=reduce=fal =drop 下降 v.29. fragile=weak=delicate=breakable=feeble 脆弱的 adj.30. upgrade=improve=make sth.better=make improvements 改进，提高 v.31. advanced=developed=sophisticated=high-tech 先进的 adj.32. sustainable=renewable=recycling=environmental y friendly 可持续的 adj.33. evidence=proof=documentation 证据 n.34. long-standing=lengthy=long-running=lasting 长期的 adj.Cambridge 7 TEST 41. large numbers of=tens of thousands of=many 大量的2. large=massive=huge=enormous=vast 巨大的 adj.3. resemble=look like=alike=much the same=akin to 相像 v.4. foe=enemy=adversary=hostile 敌人 n.5. more than=exceed=over=in excess of 超过 v.6. decrease=crash=reduction=fal =drop 下降 n.7. stop=halt=come to a halt 停止 v.8. sufficient=abundant=enough=adequate 充足的 adj.9. establish=found=build=set up 建立 v.10. be Successful=prosper=do well=succeed=thrive 成功11. recognize=certify=accept=acknowledge 承认 v.12. label=display=cal =brand=hail 贴标签，命名 v.13. adapt=adjust=get used to=become/grow accustomed to 适应 v.14. mistake=error=fault=slip=mix-up 错误 n.15. keep a check on=monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视 v.16. unexpected=unpredictable=unforeseeable 不可预见的 adj.17. general y=in general=in the whole=al in al =al things considered 大体上的 adv.18. previously=before=earlier=formerly 先前 adv.19. apply=use=make use of=exercise=utilize 应用 v.20. due to=because=since=owing to=thanks to=as a result of 因为21. raise=lift=lift up=pick up=scoop up 使…上升 v.22. in addition=besides=additional y=too=also=as well 除此之外23. inhabitant=resident=population=citizen=local 居民 n.24. collapse=failure=fall 崩塌，失败 n.25. set up=establish=found=start=open 建立26. ensure=make sure=make certain=see to it that 保证 v.27. assist=help=aid=give a hand=do sth. For 协助 v.28. deny=refuse=withhold 否认 v.29. permit=al ow=let=agree to=authorize 许可 v.30. interfere=intrude=disrupt=meddle 干扰 v.31. repeat=redo=retake=do sth. again 重复 v.32. prevent=stop=restrain=hold back=discourage 阻止 v.33. disrupt=disturb=upset=break up 打扰 v.34. long-term=chronic=long=lengthy=long-running 长期的 adj.35. expose=show=reveal=present=let sb. see 暴露，揭发 v.36. intense=strong=passionate=powerful=fervent 强烈的 adj.37. random=arbitrary=at random 任意的，随机的 adj.38. require=demand=need=cal for 要求 v.39. fatigue=tiredness=exhaustion=drowsiness 疲劳 n.40. manifest=show=reveal=present 显示 v.41. concentrate=pay attention=put one's mind on=attentive 专注 v.42. produce=make=manufacture=create=fashion 生产 v.43. carry out=implement=put sth. into practice=execute 实行 v.44. perform=do=conduct=dabble in 执行 v.剑6：Cambridge 6 TEST 1exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流 v. expertise=skil 专门技术 n.employ=analyze=study 使用 v.investigation=analysis 调查 n.narrow=focus on 缩小范围 v.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制 v.funded support=finance 资金 n.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员 n.calculate=measure 计算 v.event=championship 赛事 n.plan=prepare=design 计划 v.improve=grow=get better 进步 v.trade=economy 贸易 n.transport=import or export=deliver 运输 v.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的 adj.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的 adj.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值 n.delivery=export or import 运输 n.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻 n.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的 adj.shipping=freight 船运 n.cargo=freight=goods 货物 n.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费 n.landscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view 风景 n. difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=chal enging 困难的 adj.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品 n.supply=provision=support 供给 n.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长 v. respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration 尊重 n. understanding=knowledge 了解 n.well-being=health 健康 n.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能 adj.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕 v.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境 n.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的present inhabitant=descendant 居民give up=abandon 放弃mainly=heavily=most 主要地visit=venture 参观Cambridge 6 TEST 21. successfully=spectacularly wel =wonderfully 成功地 adv.2. people power=local pressure groups 群众力量 n.3. commute=travel 通勤 v.4. higher=increasing=more 更高的 adj.5. income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入 n.6. beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的 adj.7. together=face to face 共同8. refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳 v.9. accommodation=live=living condition 住宿 n.10. usage=use=benefit=profit 用处 n.11. averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的12. limited=minimal 有限的 adj.13. move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移14. show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明15. related=associated 有关联的 adj.16. suffer=be afflicted 忍受(病痛)v.17. research=study=investigation=survey 研究 n.18. affect=afflict=influence=change 影响 v.19. disease=medical complain=il ness 病痛 n.20. increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升 v.21. link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系 n.22. considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked 大量的 adj.23. reduction=drop=concession=fal =decrease 下降 n.24. elderly people=old people 老人 n.25. independent=self-reliant 自立的 adj.26. regular=daily 定期的 adj.27. exercise=physical activity 运动 n.28. chal enging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的 adj.29. decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降 v.30. lonely=emotional y isolated 孤独的 adj.31. hand signal=gesture=body language 手势 n.32. restricted=limited 有限的 adj.33. concept=abstract idea=definition 定义 n.34. specific=particular=detailed 特定的 adj.35. early=older 早期的 adj.36. fulfil =qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成 v.37. sufficient=enough 足够的 adj.38. quantity=how many=amount 数量 n.39. misunderstanding=confusion 误解 n.40. prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止 v.41. poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷 adj.42. newer=later=recent=present 新的 adj.43. ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先 n.雅思阅读同义词替换(剑六 TEST 3)Cambridge 6 TEST 31. teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育 v.2. actor=star 演员 n.3. first=initial=early=primary 最早的 adj.4. storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节 n.5. globe=world 世界 n.6. early=first=ancient 早期的 adj.7. passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝8. describe=tell 描述 v.9. realistic=achievable 现实的 adj.10. target=goal=aim 目标 n.11. feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈 n.12. match to=suit to 合适13. reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励 n.14. link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来15. achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就 n.16. remuneration=payment 酬金 n.17. tend to=prone to 倾向于18. feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉 v.19. participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加 v.20. staff=employee=worker 员工 n.21. visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的 adj.22. clerical worker=clerk 书记员 n.23. judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判 v.24. job=work=assignment 工作 n.25. delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off 延后 v.26. growing old=ageing 变老27. people=mortal=people=individual 人 n.28. life=lifespan 生命29. chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会 n.30. production=generation=output 产量 n.31. theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想 n.32. focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于33. short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的 adj.。
雅思阅读同义词替换介绍整理
让知识带有温度。
雅思阅读同义词替换介绍整理雅思阅读同义词替换介绍1. outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.2. overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.3. insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.4. supply=provide=furnish=give 供应v.5. launch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开头，投放v.6. suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.7. detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.8. handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.9. peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.10. positive=optimistic=uplifting 乐观的adj.11. administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.12. funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.第1页/共2页千里之行，始于足下。
13. interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v.14. irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 浇灌n.15. sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etc and form a solid layer 积淀n.【雅思阅读同义词替换介绍】文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
雅思阅读同义词替换总结
名师：雅思阅读同义词替换（一）1. important =crucial (extremelyimportant),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)10.top=peak, summitpetitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)plain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)plex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her24.small=minuscule(very small), minute,25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly27.difficult=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)!44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)50.hot=boiling(very hot)51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)52.nowadays=currently53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)57.obvious=apparent, manifest58.basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily)60.quite=fairly61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)63.appear=emerge(come into existence)64.whole=entire(the whole of something)865.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)67.difficult=formidable68.change=convert(change into another form)69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)e= utilize (the same as use)75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)76.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)78.scholarship=fellowship79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive),absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneousgroups consists of many different kinds of things)84.disorder=disarray, chaos85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)91.unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen ^92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)/97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)98.so=consequently, accordingly99.rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often 100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)。
雅思阅读同义词替换总结
阅读词汇考频考查的单词正确的选项词性中文含义abundant plentiful a. 大量的accelerate increase v. 加速；加大accessible available a. 可用的2accordingly for that reason；consequently ad. 因此2account （for）explain v. 解释；说明accumulate collect v. 积累；积聚a couple of years two years 两年adequate sufficient a. 充足的adhere stick v. 黏附；胶着adjunct addition n. 附加物administered managed v. 管理adorn decorate v. 装饰advent arrival n. 出现、到达adversely negatively ad. 不利地；有害地advocate proponent n. 倡导者；辩护者aesthetically artistically ad. 审美地；美学地affront insult v 侮辱轻蔑aid help v. 帮助alert wary a. 机敏的allay reduce v. 减少alter change v. 改变；调整alternative option n. 替代；替代物altogether completely ad. 完全地ancillary secondary a. 附属的；辅助的annihilate conquer v. 消灭；征服antagonist enemy n. 对手；敌人antecedent predecessor n. 先辈anticipate look forward to v. 期待；盼望apace with as fast as 快速的appealing attractive a. 吸引人的apply used for v. 应用；适用appreciated (-tion) recognized(-tion) v.(-n) 赏识aptly appropriately ad. 适当地arduous difficult a. 艰巨的；艰苦的article object n. 物品，物体ascend climb v. 攀升；升高2 assemble gather; bring together v. 装配；组合assortment variety n. 品种；种类assumption belief n. 确信的想法attachment preference for n. 依恋；偏好2attained achieved; reached v. 达到attendant accompanying n. 服务员attire clothing n. 衣着；盛装2 attribute credit; characteristics v. 被认为；被鉴定;特征avail make use v. 有用avid eager a. 渴望的；热心的barren infertile a. 贫瘠的；不毛的besides in addition to prep. 除此之外2 bias prejudice n. 偏见；嗜好bind tie v. 捆；绑；使结合boosted raised v. 提高，推进2bound limit held n. v. 范围；界限;限制break departure from n. 决裂；破裂brief look glance n. 瞥视；浏览bring about cause v. 导致；引起brittle easily broken a. 易碎的calculate determine v. 计算；确定came to the forefront became importantcarried on continued v. 继续carry support v. 支撑；支持cease stop v. 停止；结束celebratory full of praise n. 颂扬celestial astronomical a. 天空的；天上的chance unplanned a. 偶然的；碰巧的characteristics qualities n. 性质，特性chronicle describe v. 记述classify categorize v. 分类clear unobstructed a. 畅通的；无阻的2 clue information n. 线索；信息cluster group v. 成群2coarse rough; crude a. 粗糙的coin create v. 创造；杜撰coincide with happen at the same time ad. 同时2collective(-ly) group (together) n.(ad) 集体(共同地)come of age establish itself v. 达到法定年龄；确立自身地位comparably similarly ad. 可比地；相当地compelling forceful a. 被迫的component parts n. 部分compose focus on v. 创作；创造comprise consist of v. 包含；包括concealed covered a. 隐藏着的concentrate cluster v. 集中；积聚conclusive definitive a. 最后的concomitant with in conjunction with ad. 协同concrete specific a. 具体的；特定的concur agree v. 同意configuration arrangement n. 结构；形状2confine limit; restrict v. 限制；局限confirm uphold v. 证实；确认conflicting opposing a. 冲突的；抵触的conjectural based on guessing a. 猜测的；推测的consequence result n. 结果2 conserve store; retain v. 保存；保护3 considerable large; substantial; much; great a. 很重要的；很大的consistent constant a. 持续的consort associate v. 结交conspicuous noticeable a. 显著的2 constituent (-v.) component (make up) n. (v.) 成分；要素(构成；组成)consumed (-n) eaten (eat) v. (n.) 吃掉2contemporary existing; written at that time a. n. 当代的；现有的;同时代convergence gathering n. 聚集2convert change v. 转换correspondingly similarly ad. 相应地；对应地count weigh v. 有价值；有分量counteract negate v. 抵消；反作用counterpart version n. 复本；对应物crisscross move back and forth v. 穿梭；交错往来critical judge of fine arts connoisseur n. 鉴赏家；评论家crucial important a. 重要的cumbersome burdensome a. 麻烦的；笨重的dampen moisten v. 使潮湿daring bold a. 勇敢的；大胆的deft skilled a. 熟练的；灵巧的deliberate careful a. 审慎的；仔细的demand require v. 要求；需求demise death n. 死亡demonstrate show v. 表明；证实dense thick a. 稠密的；浓厚的depend rely v. 依靠depict represent; describe v. 描述depress lower v. 压低；使沮丧derive obtain v. 得到derived from based on v. 基于2 detectable measurable; apparent a. 可察觉的；易发现的detecting finding v. 探测devastated ruined a. 毁坏的；被破坏的developing evolving a. 发展的；演化的2 devote to dedicate; specializing in v. 致力于；献身于dictate determine v. 指示；决定diffuse travel v. 扩散；传播disaster catastrophe n. 灾难discard get rid of v. 丢弃；抛弃discrete separate adj. 不连续的dispute argument n. 争论；争执disseminate spread/impart v. 散布；传播2 distinct separate; different a. 清晰的；不同的distinguish differentiate v. 区分；辨别divergence difference n. 差异；变化3diverse dissimilar; varied; different a. 多种多样的；不一样的dividing line boundary n. 边界；分界线do sth. repeatedly iterate v. 重复；反复2 domain field; region n. 领域；范围dominate be prevalent in v. 支配；控制dramatic striking a. 显著的2drastic (-ly) radical (severely) a. (ad) 激烈的；猛烈的2 draw attract; instruct v. 吸引;引导2durability (-able) endurance (long-lasting) n. (a.) 经久，耐久(持久的；耐用的) dwelling house n. 住处；寓所eager enthusiastic a. 热心的2 easily moved portable a. 轻便的；可携带的2effect (-iciency) influence (effectiveness) v. (n.) 影响；效果elaborately done in great detail ad. 详尽地；精心地elevate promote v. 提高；提升elicit bring out v. 引出embraced welcomed v. 欢迎emerge appear v. 浮现；出现2emit (-ing) give off (producing) v. 发出(生产，发行) emphasize stress v. 强调employ use v. 雇佣；应用2 enable allow; help v. 使能够；使可能enactment performance n. 演出；表演encompass include v. 包含end goal n. 末端；目的endless continuous a. 不断的engaged hired v. 雇佣ensure guarantee v. 保证entire whole a. 全部的entity object n. 实体；存在entomb trap v. 埋葬；设陷阱era period of time n. 时期eradicate eliminate v. 除去；消除erroneous ideas misconception n. 误解；错误观念erroneouslymistake v. 误以为；误认为identified as2essence (-tial) basic nature; fundamental n. (a.) 基本(基本的)establish create v. 设立；创作estimated judged v. 鉴定evidence indicate n. 迹象；预示evolution development n. 发展exalted superior a. 高贵的；崇高的2 excavate dig v. 挖掘；开凿exceptional remarkable a. 非同一般的execute create v. 造成；制成；履行；执行exercise utilize v. 行使，利用exert cause v. 引起；产生exorbitant expensive a. 昂贵的expendable unprofitable a. 没有用的2 expose subject to; uncover v. 使暴露；暴露于2 extend stretch;increase v. 延长；扩展2extol praise v. 赞美2 extract remove v. 提取；取得extraordinary supreme a. 非凡的；极度的2fabricate make; construct v. 制作；装配faction side n. 小派系fashion create v. 造成，引起fatal deadly a. 致命的2favor prefer v. 喜爱feed put v. 供给；供应feel detect v. 察觉；感觉finding scientific discoveryfine (-ly) tiny; minutely a. 细小的fixture commonplace object n. 固定设备；附属装置flamed burned a. 燃烧的flattering complimentary a. 称赞的；奉承的flourished thrived n. 茂盛forage feed v. 搜索；寻找食物foremost leading adj. 最主要的formidable difficult a. 艰难的forward-looking progressive a. 向前看的；有远见的frame （-work）pose (structure) v. (n.) 构造；提出(框架结构) freeing releasing n. 解除，释放functional usable a. 合用的fundamental basic a. 基础的；基本的furnish provide v. 提供fuse combine v. 熔合；结合gambit calculated risk n. 策略；谋略gap open n. 缺口；缝隙give way to turn into v. 让位；变成glowing shining a. 光亮的good name reputation n. 名声；名誉graphic vivid a. 生动的gradually by degrees ad. 逐渐地grumbled complained v. 抱怨hard firm a. 坚硬的；牢固的hard to deal with stubborn a. 执拗的；固执的hardiest most vigorous a. 最强壮的heart center n. 中心hemisphere side n. 半球；半边henceforth from that time on ad. 自此以后herald announce v. 预示；预报hinged on depended on v. 依靠hinterland region n. 地方；区域ideal perfect a. 完美的identical exactly alike a. 同样的ignite set on fire v. 点燃imitate copy v. 模仿；伪造immunity protection n. 保护immutable unchangeable a. 不变的impediment obstacle n. 妨碍；阻碍imperceptibly subtly ad. 不可觉察地；极缓慢地implement tool n. 工具；器械implication significance n. 含义；意义imposing demanding a. 紧迫的；紧急的in place of instead of ad. 代替in reality actually n. 实际上；事实上inaccessible unreachable a. 难接近的；难达到的inception beginning n. 起初incinerate burn up v. 烧毁incised carved a. 雕刻的inclination preference n. 倾向；偏好incorporate combine v. 结合；合并incriminate blame 有罪induce cause vt. 导致influx arrival n. 流入；到达ingenuity resourcefulness n. 机灵inhibit hinder v. 阻止；阻碍2 initiate start; cause v. 开始；引发2innovation (-tive) new idea (new) n. 创新；革新(创新的) insignificant unimportant a. 不重要的instance case n. 实例；例证integral essential; fundamental a. 整体的；不可缺少的2intense (-sive) extreme (concentrated) a. 强烈的；(加强的，集中的) intent goal; purpose n. 目的interchangeable equivalent a. 相等的；可互换的intervals periods n. 周期intermittently periodically ad 间歇的intervention influence n. 干涉；影响intricate complex a. 复杂的intriguing attractive; fascinate a. 迷人的invade move into v. 侵入inviting attractive a. 吸引人的；诱人的justify prove v. 辩护；证实key important a.重要的laborious difficult a. 费力的lament complain about v. 抱怨lie be located v. 位于load weight n. 重担locale place n. 场所lured attracted v. 吸引，引诱magnify intensify v. 放大；强化3 maintain preserve; keep v. 维持；坚持major principal a. 主要的；大型的make possible allow v. 允许；使可能mandate require v. 要求margin edge n. 边；边缘2marked pronounce; noticeable a. 明显的；显著的means method n. 方法merely only ad. 仅仅地，只不过meteoric rapid a. 迅速的meticulously careflly ad. 小心地minuscule tiny a. 很小的；微小的minute tiny a. 微小的；细微的modifying changing v. 修改；变化momentarily briefly ad. 短暂的monopolize dominate v. 独占；占优势moreover furthermore; in addition ad. 此外motif design n. 图案；花纹mundane ordinary a. 世俗的；普通的myriad many a. 许多的；无数的nascent immature a. 新生的；初生的nevertheless however ad. 然而；仍然norm standard n. 标准noted observed v. 注意到noticed announced v. 宣告，通告notwithstanding despite; in spite of prep. 尽管nourish feed 喂养noxious harmful a. 有害的；有毒的obtain get; acquire v. 获得；取得obvious apparent a. 明显的；显而易见的optimal best a. 最佳的ornate elaborate a. 华丽的oscillate swing v. 摇摆震荡outbreak beginning n. 爆发；开始outline summarizing v. 总结；概括outstanding excellent a. 杰出的；显著的over great distances faraway a. 遥远之处overtaken surpassed v. 赶上，超越partitioning division n. 划分peak maximum a. 最高的；高峰的peculiar strange a. 奇特的penetrate go through v. 穿透；透过people in the play actor n. 演员；剧中人物periphery outer edge n. 外围permeate spread through v. 传遍persist continue v. 持续personal magnetism charisma n. 个人魅力pertinent relevant a. 有关的phenomena event n. 现象；事件pick up follow v. 寻找；寻路picture imagine n. 图片pit hole n. 坑；洼地place measure v.plunge drop n./v. 投入，陷入ponderous heavy a. 笨重的pore hole n. 毛孔；细孔position job n. 职位；职务postulate suggest v 假定potential possible a. 潜在的；可能的precarious uncertain a. 不稳定的precise accurate a. 精确的prefer favor v. 偏好；喜欢preoccupation involvement n. 专心preside over manage v. 负责；统辖presumably probably ad. 大概prevailed dominated v. 成功，统治2prevailing most frequent; dominant a. 盛行的；流行的prevent avoid v. 制止；阻止2primary (-ly) fundamental (chiefly) a. (ad.) 基本的；初步的(主要地) prior to preceding a. 在先；居前prized valued a. 贵重的probe explore v. 探察produce butter n. 产物；产品2prolific productive (fruitful) a. 多产的prominent distinguished (famous) a. 显著的；卓越的proponent supporter n. 支持者prospect possibility n. 期望；前景prototype model n. 原型；范例protrude project v. 突出；伸出pry off locate v. 查找puncture pierce v. 刺穿；刺破pursue chase v. 追赶raise rear v. 饲养；养育random unpredictable a. 不可知的rapidity swiftness n. 迅速rare infrequent a. 稀有的；罕见的rather （than）instead (of) ad. 相反；相反地raw unprocessed adj. 未加工的readily easily ad. 容易地realization awareness n. 认识；意识reap accept v. 收获；接受rear raise v. 培养；饲养reckless irresponsible a. 不负责任的recorded documented a. 已纪录的recruit enlist v. 征募；补充refreshing unusual a. 清新的；清爽的regardless of no matter what a. 不管relate connect v. 相关；关联reliance dependence n. 依靠remarkable significant a. 异常的；非凡的renounce reject v. 拒绝representative typical a. 典型的resemble be（appear）similar to v. 相似；类似resolve find a solution for v. 解决resort to using v. 采用revered respected v. 尊敬revise change v. 修正；改造revitalize bring new life to v. 新生robust strong a. 强健的；坚强的roll back reduce v. 压低；减少2 rotate alternate; turn v. 轮流；更迭rot decay v. 腐烂roughly approximately ad. 概略地；大约rudimentary undeveloped a. 原始的；简单的run operate v. 操纵rupture burst v. 破裂；裂开rushing rapid a. 急流的sanitation health n. 卫生；健康状态saturate soak v. 浸透；饱和saying two oppositeparadox n. 悖论；隽语thingsscale measure n./v. 刻度/测量2scarce (-ly) rare (barely) a. (ad.) 稀有的scatter irregularly distribute v. 分散scope extent n. 范围scorched burned v. 烧焦score musical compositions n. 乐谱scurrying rushing v. 急赶2secure acquire; safe v. ad. 获得；取得;安全的sedentary inactive a. 不移栖的sentiment opinion n. 意见；观点serve as function as v. 充当；担任set establish v. 确定；安置2settle (-ed) decide (stabled) v. 决定；解决(固定的) severe poverty indigence n. 贫困；赤贫shield protect v. 保护；避开significant meaningful a. 有重要意义的site location n. 地点；场所skepticism doubt n. 怀疑主义；怀疑态度sketching drawing n. 速写；素描skilled expert a. 熟练的；擅长的skyrocket increase rapidly v. 猛涨，突增sleep briefly nap n. 小睡；打盹smooth operation effective functioningsmother eliminate v. 覆盖；除去snap break v. 折断；拉断2sole only a. 唯一的；独一的solemn serious a. 严肃的；庄重的sort out separate v. 挑选出source of energy fuel n. 能源；燃料span cover v. 包含spawn create v. 产生spark bring about v. 激发；发动speculate hypothesize v. 推测；假设staggering overwhelming a. 压倒的；压倒之势的standard customary a. 标准的standing not flowing a. 停滞的；不流动的2staple popular edition; basic element n. 大宗物品；流行的东西主要成分stimulate encourage v. 激发；促进story level n. 楼层；层strain stress v. 拉紧，重压strength basis n. 实力；基础stress emphasize v. 强调striking noticeable a. 显著的stringent strict a. 严格的；严厉的strive try 努力奋斗struggle competition n. 竞争subject susceptible a. 易受影响的；遭受影响的subjugate conquer v. 征服subsequent later a. 后来的2subsidy (-ize) finance n. (v.) 补助金；补贴subtle slight adj. 微小的；精细的succinct concise a. 简洁的；简练的sufficient adequate a. 足够的；充足的suitably appropriately ad. 适宜地sumptuous luxurious a. 豪华的；奢侈的sums amounts n. 和supplant replace; displace v. 取代；替代2 supplement extension; add to n. 补充；补遗support hold v. 支持；支撑supposedly seemingly ad. 按照推测；表面上supremacy dominance n. 至高无上；支配地位supreme most outstanding a. 最大的；极度的2surge (-ing) increase sharply (accelerating) v. (a.) 急剧增加(高涨的；跃进的) suspend hang v. 挂；悬挂sustain support v. 支撑symmetrical proportionally balanced a. 对称的；匀称的tangled twisted together a. 混乱的teeming with full of 充满telling challenging a. 有效的；有力的tempting attractive a. 诱人的testimony evidence of n. 证据thanks to because of n. 由于；多亏thereby by that means ad.因此think highly admire v. 钦佩；羡慕thrive grow well v. 茁壮成长thwart frustrate v. 使受挫tolerate endure v. 忍受；忍耐trace imprint n. 痕迹；遗迹transition change, convert v. 转变trend tendency n. 趋势；趋向typify characterize v. 代表，表现ultimately eventually; in the end ad. 最后2 undergo experience v. 经历underscore emphasize v. 强调underwater craft submarine n. 潜水艇undoubtedly certainly ad. 的确地2unique particular; singular a. 独特的unprecedented never seen before a. 空前的unravel discover v. 解开；阐明unrestricted unlimited a. 无限制的；自由的unsubstantiated unverified a. 未证实的；未核实的urged encouraged v. 催促，鼓励usher beginning v. 引导；开始2vary (-ious) differ (-ent) v. 变化；改变(不同的) 2vast large; great a. 巨大的；广阔的venture endeavor n. 冒险；冒险行动very closely intimately ad. 亲密；密切vessel craft n. 船vestige evidence n. 遗迹；残余virtually completely n. 实质地want to much greedy a. 贪婪的；贪心的whether if conj. 是否wider more extensive a. 宽广的witness observe v. 目睹；目击yield provide v. 产生；产生效果。
(完整版)刘洪波雅思阅读同义词替换大全
Cambridge同义词替换大全(剑桥4-8)Cambridge4 TEST11.ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视v.2.encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.3.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.4.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.5.change=modify(modification) 改变v.6.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.7.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.8.where=geographical location 表地点9.important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.11.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.12.newspapers, television=media媒体n.13.where to live=habitat居住地n.14.get warmer=global warming变暖n.15.contribute to=play a part有助于v.16.survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.17.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.18.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.19.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.20.poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj.22.mating=courtship交配.23.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.24.good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力25.best=well=greatest=finest=ideal= top= number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.26.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.27.volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.28.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.29.blind=can not see瞎的adj.Cambridge4 TEST21.initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be theperson who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.2.increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on theincrease=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.3.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.4.more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.5.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.6.young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.munity=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n.8.traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.9.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do nogood=fall through失败v.10.endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.11.diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.12.inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.13.differ from=unusual与…不同v.14.reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.15.consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.16.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个17.therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.18.retrain=taking courses再教育v.19.salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.plaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.22.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病n.23.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系n.24.beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的adj.25.insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解n.26.physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的adj.27.hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.28.accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随29.mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的adj.30.possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.31.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少n.32.class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.33.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习n.34.peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social classetc同伴n.35.defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.36.strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.37.assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助v.38.specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be morespecific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.39.substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质n.40.surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境n.41.engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.bine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.43.survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.Cambridge4 TEST31.quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writingbecause it is interesting or amusing 引言n.2.exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example ofsomething 例证v.3.explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.4.outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述v.5.purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的n.6.encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebodyinto=put somebody up to鼓励v.7.loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款n.8.poverty= being poor贫穷n.9.crime= illegal activities in general犯罪n.10.reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝v.11.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.12.courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员n.13.storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.14.facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.15.ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerfuletc.有志向的，雄心壮志的adj.16.effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力n.17.feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical；a part of theland, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点n.18.planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球n.19.unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的adj.20.machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doingsomething=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械n.21.ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in thefuture= final最终的，根本的adj.22.atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛;大气n.23.occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.24.expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.25.form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式n.26.emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现v.27.emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射n.28.situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况n.29.self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的n.30.generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生v.31.various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety ofsomething=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的adj.32.convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that isconvenient 方便的adj.33.objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的adj.34.enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查35.observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become aware/conscious=catch somebody'seye=perceive观察v.ment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论37.include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括v.38.focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于v.39.affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响v.40.gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derivefrom/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于…. V.41.concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n.Cambridge4 TEST41.official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的adj.2.athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的adj.3.intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的adj.4.burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发5.recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.6.inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short不足的adj.7.develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=bederived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展，生长v.8.enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够v.9.predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测v.10.specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家n.11.theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of theideas or practical experience理论的adj.12.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的adj.13.nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然n.14.aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的n.15.translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译v.16.ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的adj.17.realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid实际的，现实的18.field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域n.19.document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece of written work that is stored on acomputer文件n.20.equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的adj.21.influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响n.22.behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为n.pare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different fromeach other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较v.24.economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地adv.25.establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织v.26.sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的adj.27.realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn fromexperience意识到v.28.limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制29.produce=form=create=generate生产v.30.guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证v.31.liberty=freedom=a free hand自由n.32.independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立n.33.consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used toshow approval持续的adj.34.underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think thatsomeone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估v.35.provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供n.Cambridge5 TEST11.produce=develop=manufacture生产v.2.central=middle中心的adj.3.did not have=without没有v.4.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来v.5.time limit=deadline时间限制，期限n.6.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify=build up增加7.assistant=helper=coach 助手n.8.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.9.illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示v.10.quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语n.11.predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任n.12.rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者n.13.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物n.14.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点15.cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.16.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.17.stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定n.18.prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.19.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约n.20.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予v.21.fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremelyinteresting吸引，使着迷v.22.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.23.expect=think=anticipate预期，期待v.24.psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学n.25.obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by thebook/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.26.identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.27.severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性n.28.unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生v.29.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.30.moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between goodand evil 道德上的，与道德有关的adj.31.prior to=before=previous在…前面32.repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复n.33.genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的adj.34.sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲v.35.victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者n.36.forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造v.37.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服v.38.surrender=give in 投降，放弃v.39.extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的adj.40.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的adj.41.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.42.phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that isstudied because it is difficult to understand 现象n.43.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法n.44.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想n.45.entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v.46.distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解v.47.dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理v.48.intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering thefacts=instinct 直觉n.49.emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.50.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.51.postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟v.52.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj.53.pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a badresult=getting worse悲观的adj.54.attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力Cambridge5 TEST21.similar=like=resemble相似的adj.2.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源v.3.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力n.4.generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生v.5.couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随v.6.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素n.7.unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的adj.8.advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.9.field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域n.10.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.11.like=such as=for example=for instance 例如12.resource=material=source资源，来源n.13.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.14.involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉v.15.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.16.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.17.draw on=absorb=do with吸收v.18.settle on=make choice of=decide on选定v.19.superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势n.20.accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.21.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点n.22.artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能n.23.involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联v.24.release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表v.25.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.26.task=job=work=labour 任务，工作n.27.instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地adv.28.react=respond 反应v.29.relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系v.30.subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点n.31.distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear; to reportsomething in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲，歪曲v.32.figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出v.33.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计v.34.emerge=appear=come forth出现v.35.remain=keep=stay=maintain保持v.36.exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.37.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育v.38.overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上，压倒v.39.initial=original=premier最初的，开始的adj.40.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是adv.Cambridge5 TEST31.outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.2.overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.3.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.4.supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.unch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放v.6.suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.7.detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.8.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.9.peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.10.positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的adj.11.administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.12.funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.13.interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v.14.irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉n.15.sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etcand form a solid layer 积淀n.16.interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断，打扰v.17.process=procedure=method=approach过程n.18.threat=danger=intimidation 威胁n.19.valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的，珍贵的adj.20.construct=build=make=found 建造v.21.blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad责备，怪罪v.22.stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激v.23.long-term=long-run=long-period长期的adj.24.impact=affect=influence=effect影响v.&n.25.occur=happen=exist=come发生v.26.contain=include=cover=possess 包含v.itary=battlefield=martial军事的adj.28.separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的，不同的adj.29.vanish=extinct=disappear 消失v.30.consciousness=awareness 意识n.31.ignite=light=inflame点燃v.32.encompass=include=contain=cover包含，围绕v.33.reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel认为v.34.widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的，普遍的adj.unch=coin=project=release=issue创新，开辟v.36.contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.37.potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的，可能的adj.38.prospect=expectation=outlook=chance展望，希望n.39.perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n.Cambridge5 TEST4munity=organization=group=body团体n.2.fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.3.remote=distant 遥远的adj.4.require=desire=order=command要求v.5.inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者，居民n.6.consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此adv.7.destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.8.throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部adv.9.operate=act=run运转v.10.output=product输出，产品n.11.decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.12.undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏v.13.revive=renaissance复兴v.14.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的adj.15.ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.16.fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.17.break=shatter=crack打碎，打破v.18.interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.19.insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持，坚称v.20.expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.21.suppress=control=restrain=repress=put down=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制v.22.speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速v.23.examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查，调查v.24.dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.25.detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现v.26.claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称v.27.cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示，信号，暗号n.28.unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.29.be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为30.encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励，促使v.31.considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的adj.32.regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾33.adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的adj.34.assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证，确保v.35.suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.Cambridge6 TEST11.exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流v.2.expertise=skill 专门技术n.3.employ=analyze=study 使用v.4.investigation=analysis 调查n.5.narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.6.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.7.funded support=finance 资金n.8.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.9.calculate=measure 计算v.10.event=championship 赛事n.11.plan=prepare=design 计划v.12.improve=grow=get better 进步v.13.trade=economy 贸易n.14.transport=import or export=deliver 运输v.15.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.16.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.17.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.18.delivery=export or import 运输n.19.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻n.20.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的adj.21.shipping=freight 船运n.22.cargo=freight=goods 货物n.23.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.ndscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n.25.difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的adj.26.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品n.27.supply=provision=support 供给n.28.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长v.29.respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n.30.understanding=knowledge 了解n.31.well-being=health 健康n.32.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能adj.33.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕v.34.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境n.35.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限36.not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的37.present inhabitant=descendant 居民38.give up=abandon 放弃39.mainly=heavily=most 主要地40.visit=venture 参观Cambridge6 TEST21.successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv.2.people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n.mute=travel 通勤v.4.higher=increasing=more 更高的adj.5.income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.6.beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的adj.7.together=face to face 共同8.refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v.9.accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.age=use=benefit=profit 用处n.11.averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的12.limited=minimal 有限的adj.13.move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移14.show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明15.related=associated 有关联的adj.16.suffer=be afflicted 忍受（病痛）v.17.research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.18.affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.19.disease=medical complain=illness 病痛n.20.increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.21.link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.22.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的adj.23.reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降n.24.elderly people=old people 老人n.25.independent=self-reliant 自立的adj.26.regular=daily 定期的adj.27.exercise=physical activity 运动n.28.challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的adj.29.decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降v.30.lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.31.hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.32.restricted=limited 有限的adj.33.concept=abstract idea=definition 定义n.34.specific=particular=detailed 特定的adj.35.early=older 早期的adj.36.fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成v.37.sufficient=enough 足够的adj.38.quantity=how many=amount 数量n.39.misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.40.prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止v.41.poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷adj.42.newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.43.ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n.Cambridge6 TEST31.teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.2.actor=star 演员n.3.first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.4.storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节n.5.globe=world 世界n.6.early=first=ancient 早期的adj.7.passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝8.describe=tell 描述v.9.realistic=achievable 现实的adj.10.target=goal=aim 目标n.11.feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈n.12.match to=suit to 合适13.reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励n.14.link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来15.achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.16.remuneration=payment 酬金n.17.tend to=prone to 倾向于18.feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉v.19.participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.20.staff=employee=worker 员工n.21.visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的adj.22.clerical worker=clerk 书记员n.23.judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判v.24.job=work=assignment 工作n.25.delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off延后v.26.growing old=ageing 变老27.people=mortal=people=individual 人n.28.life=lifespan 生命29.chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会n.30.production=generation=output 产量n.31.theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想n.32.focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于33.short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的adj.Cambridge6 TEST41.drug company=pharmaceutical company 医药公司n.2.promotion=marketing 营销n.3.increase=escalate=rise=go up=grow 上升v.4.research=study=survey=investigation 研究n.5.work=be an effective way=be useful=help=achieve=succeed=have an effect=happen=turn out 奏效v.6.technique=strategy=skill=expertise=method=way 技术n.7.criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation 批评n.8.moral=ethical 道德的adj.9.legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合法的adj.10.money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱n.11.adults=men and women 成人n.12.maternal=mother=female 母亲的adj.cation=literacy=cultivation 教育n.14.child=infant=kid 孩子n.15.approximately=about=around=nearly 大约adv.16.impressive=greatest=touching=unforgettable 印象深刻的adj.17.programme=campaign=project 项目n.mon=persistent=normal=usual=ordinary=everyday 常见的adj.19.be halved=decline by 50% 减半20.key=most important=crucial=critical=significant 关键的adj.21.produce=develop=generate=engineer=manufacture 生产v.22.detailed=explicit=specific 细节的adj.23.on its own=alone 自身24.however=but=yet 但是25.self-confidence=assertiveness=confidence 自信n.26.effective=useful=beneficial=good=needed 有效的adj.27.distinguish=recognize the difference=differentiate 区别v.Cambridge7 TEST11.rely on=depend on 依靠v.2.avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免v.3.die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝v.4.hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎v.5.limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四肢n.。
雅思阅读同义词替换的内容整理
让知识带有温度。
雅思阅读同义词替换的内容整理雅思阅读同义词替换的内容Cambridge 8 TEST 41. middle-year education=lower secondary school 中学2. format=pattern n.格式3. less successful student=struggler 差等生4. key=contributing factor=important=major=significant=critical n.关键5.achievement=attainment=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.成就6. spacious=largely=big=huge=vast=enormous=immense adj.宽阔的7. adapt=accessible=get used to=become/grow accustomed to=adjust to v.适应，可接近的8.careful=elaborate=conscientious=thorough=meticulous=methodical adj.认真的，细心的9.第1页/共2页千里之行，始于足下。
supplementary=assist=additional=extra=further=added=spare=more=anot her n.补充，关心10. effort=hard work=work at=push yourself=labour n.努力11. correct answer=accuracy n.精确12. imbalance=disorder=unequal=disproportionate n.不平衡，紊乱13. no longer respond=resistance=fight against 反抗14. cost=financial outlay=spend=charge=fare=rental=toll n.支出15. innate=built-in adj.先天的16. immunity=resistance n.免疫力17. entail=involve v.包含18. circumstance=system n.环境，系统【雅思阅读同义词替换的内容】文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
雅思阅读同义替换词大总结
雅思阅读中同义替换词大总结1.限制：limit, restrict, confine, define, narrow, tighten, constrict, cap,narrow(v.):这个词大家以前使用的时候一般都是作为形容词来用，这里强调下它的动词的用法。
E.g. We are working on narrowing the gap between our points of view. 缩小差距E.g. We’re working to narrow down the list of possible suspects.E.g. The smoking causes the same diseases in women as in men and the gap between their deathrates is narrowing.define (v.):这个词大家以前熟悉的意思是给……下定义, 这个意思和限制并不矛盾，什么叫下定义？就是描述出一个事物的轮廓，所以定义就是在一个给定的范围内给一个事物限定的特定的意思。
（define的英文解释：If you define something, you show, describe, or state clearly what it is and what its limits are, or what it is like）E.g. The Supreme Court decision could define how far Congress can go in trying to determine theoutcome of court cases.cap (n./v.): 这个词最常用的意思是帽子的意思，作为限制的意思再形象不过了。
E.g. The government has placed a cap on local council spending.snow-capped mountains补充信息：魔兽世界（WOW）的资料片燃烧的远征（TBC）刚刚推出的时候，在官网上就有这么句话：An increase in the level cap to 70 大家不妨体会下这句话中的cap的意思在NBA里面就有工资帽这种说法（工资帽的概念1984年被引入，NBA联盟和球员工会之间首先进行谈判，只有双方同意，工资帽才被正式公布。
雅思阅读核心同义替换20页
第四部分: 同义替换剑桥4-9同义词替换encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v. important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.contribute to=play a part有助于v.survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.curriculum=course=syllabus课程nsurprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj. similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v. teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do no good=fall through失败v.endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed 危及，使危险v.diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to dosomething=conservative勉强的adj.consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingerin g=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.complaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨nreduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少n.class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助v.surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境n.engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v. combine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的n.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v. unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的adj. occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v. expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的adj. official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的adj.recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short 不足的adj.predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测v. practical uses of the ideas or practical experience理论的adj.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudiment ary=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的adj.behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为n.realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn from experience意识到v.limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立n.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=largescale/large-scale巨大的adj.illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示v.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.prior to=before=previous在…前面extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的adj.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的adj.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法n.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟v.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj.similar=like=resemble相似的adj.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源v.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力n. unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的adj. alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计v.remain=keep=stay=maintain保持v.exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上，压倒v.initial=original=premier最初的，开始的adj.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是adv.outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.launch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放v.suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的adj.administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v.irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉n.sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etc and form a solid layer 积淀n.interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断，打扰v.process=procedure=method=approach过程n.threat=danger=intimidation 威胁n.valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的，珍贵的adj.construct=build=make=found 建造v.blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad责备，怪罪v.stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激v.long-term=long-run=long-period长期的adj.impact=affect=influence=effect影响v.&n.occur=happen=exist=come发生v.contain=include=cover=possess 包含v.military=battlefield=martial军事的adj.separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的，不同的adj.vanish=extinct=disappear 消失v.consciousness=awareness 意识n.ignite=light=inflame点燃v.encompass=include=contain=cover包含，围绕v.reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel认为v.widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的，普遍的adj.launch=coin=project=release=issue创新，开辟v.contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的，可能的adj. prospect=expectation=outlook=chance展望，希望n.perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n.community=organization=group=body团体n.fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.remote=distant 遥远的adj.require=desire=order=command要求v.inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者，居民n.consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此adv. destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部adv. operate=act=run运转v.output=product输出，产品n.decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏v.revive=renaissance复兴v.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的adj.ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.break=shatter=crack打碎，打破v.interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持，坚称v.expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速v.examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查，调查v. dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现v. claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称v.cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示，信号，暗号n.unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励，促使v.considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的adj.regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的adj.assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证，确保v. suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流v.expertise=skill 专门技术n.employ=analyze=study 使用v.investigation=analysis 调查n.narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.funded support=finance 资金n.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.calculate=measure 计算v.event=championship 赛事n.plan=prepare=design 计划v.improve=grow=get better 进步v.trade=economy 贸易n.transport=import or export=deliver 运输v.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.delivery=export or import 运输n.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻n.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的adj.shipping=freight 船运n.cargo=freight=goods 货物n.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.landscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n. difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的adj.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品n.supply=provision=support 供给n.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长v. respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n. understanding=knowledge 了解n.well-being=health 健康n.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能adj.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕v.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境n.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的present inhabitant=descendant 居民give up=abandon 放弃mainly=heavily=most 主要地visit=venture 参观successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv. people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n. commute=travel 通勤v.higher=increasing=more 更高的adj.income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n. beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的adj. together=face to face 共同refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v. accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.usage=use=benefit=profit 用处n.averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的limited=minimal 有限的adj.move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.disease=medical complain=illness 病痛n.increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的adj. reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降n. independent=self-reliant 自立的adj.regular=daily 定期的adj.challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的adj. decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降v.lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.concept=abstract idea=definition 定义n.specific=particular=detailed 特定的adj.fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成v.sufficient=enough 足够的adj.quantity=how many=amount 数量n.misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止v.poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷adj.newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n.teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节n.early=first=ancient 早期的adj.passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝realistic=achievable 现实的adj.reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励n.link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.remuneration=payment 酬金n.tend to=prone to 倾向于feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉v. participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.staff=employee=worker 员工n.visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的adj.judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判v.delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off延后v.people=mortal=people=individual 人n.chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会n. production=generation=output 产量n.theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想n.focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的adj.work=be an effective way=be useful=help=achieve=succeed=have aneffect=happen=turn out 奏效v.criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation 批评n.legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合法的adj. money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱n.impressive=greatest=touching=unforgettable 印象深刻的adj. common=persistent=normal=usual=ordinary=everyday 常见的adj. key=most important=crucial=critical=significant 关键的adj. produce=develop=generate=engineer=manufacture 生产v.detailed=explicit=specific 细节的adj.distinguish=recognize the difference=differentiate 区别v.die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝v.hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎v.calculate=measure=work out=figure=estimate=access 计算v. detection=finding=observation 探测n.coin=invent=make=create=come up with 发明，创造v.inaccurate=incorrect=wrong=misleading 不精确的adj.revision=change=shift=reform=alteration 改进n.downward=fall=drop=downhill 下降的adj.increasing=soaring=growing=rising 上升的adj.primarily=mainly=largely=chiefly=principally 主要地adv.due to=because of=as a result of=thanks to=owing to 因为decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降v.radical=not traditional=new=unconventional 激进的adj.prior to=beforehand=before=in advance=on the eve of 之前demanding=difficult=hard=challenging=tough 要求高的，艰难的adj. well known=notorious=famous=renowned 著名的adj.admit=acknowledge=confess=to tell the truth 承认v.be similar to=like=resemble=bear a resemblance to=akin to 相似v. result in=lead to=cause=give rise to=bring about 引发，导致sophisticated=advanced=high-tech=complex=complicated 复杂的address=solve=deal with=handle 处理v.imitate=copy=impersonate=follow one's example 模仿v. maintain=continue=carry on=keep up=preserve 维持v.feed=eat=have=chew=swallow=consume 喂食v.illustrate=show=demonstrate=make clear=reflect 说明v. memorise=learn=commit something to memory 记忆v. conventional=traditional=conformist=conservative 传统的v. notice=see=spot=be aware of=be conscious of 注意到v.retain=keep=save=hold on to 保持v.spectacular=impressive=imposing=striking=grand 壮观的adj. interior=inner=inside 内部的adj.change=shift=alter=transfer 改变v.establish=build=found=set up=start 建立v.official=authority=leader=supervisor 官员n.isolated=inaccessible=distant=remote=faraway 隔离的, 边远的adj. collapse=fall=fall over=fall down 倒塌v.destroy=devastate=wreck=obliterate 毁灭v.absorb=digest=take in=assimilate 吸收v.severe=serious=stiff=heavy 严重的adj.decline=decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降v.deteriorate=get worse=go down=decline 变坏v.recognize=know=identify=pick out 认出v.conclude=summarize=come to/reach the conclusion 得出结论v.adapt to=get used to=become accustomed to=adjust to 适应v.identify=name=recognize=diagnose 确定，认同v.request=demand=claim=petition=appeal 要求n.be divided into=separate=split=break up=break down 分开v.consist of=be made up of=be composed of=comprise 由…组成hinder=hamper=impede 阻碍v.objective=aim=purpose=goal=target 目标n.exclude=omit=miss out=leave out=drop 排除在外v.renewable=sustainable=recycling=environmentally friendly 可再生的adj. exist=there is/are=be found=occur 存在v.limit=restrict=constrain=confine=keep to 限制v.boundary=border=edge=outskirts=frontier 边界n.proposal=suggestion=recommendation=proposition 提议n.urban=city=town=municipal 城市的adj.odour=smell=stench=stink 味道n.find one's way=navigate 导航v.bearing=position=standing 方位n.exchange=share=distribute 分享v.waste=unwanted materials=rubbish=garbage=trash 废物n.priority=preferential=the most important=overriding 优先n. encourage=promote=help=support=be supportive 鼓励v.explore=look for=discuss=think 探索v.factor=cause=reason=root=origin 因素n.cultivate=grow=raise 培养v.convert=modify=transfer=adapt=customize 转变v.digest=take in=absorb=assimilate 消化v.preserve=protect=keep=store=keep sth. In storage 保存，保护v. monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视v.allocate=distribute=apportion=grant=confer 分配v.decline=decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降v.fragile=weak=delicate=breakable=feeble 脆弱的adj.upgrade=improve=make sth.better=make improvements 改进，提高v. advanced=developed=sophisticated=high-tech 先进的adj.sustainable=renewable=recycling=environmentally friendly 可持续的adj. evidence=proof=documentation 证据n.long-standing=lengthy=long-running=lasting 长期的adj.large numbers of=tens of thousands of=many 大量的large=massive=huge=enormous=vast 巨大的adj.resemble=look like=alike=much the same=akin to 相像v.foe=enemy=adversary=hostile 敌人n.more than=exceed=over=in excess of 超过v.decrease=crash=reduction=fall=drop 下降n.stop=halt=come to a halt 停止v.sufficient=abundant=enough=adequate 充足的adj.establish=found=build=set up 建立v.be Successful=prosper=do well=succeed=thrive 成功recognize=certify=accept=acknowledge承认v.label=display=call=brand=hail 贴标签，命名v.adapt=adjust=get used to=become/grow accustomed to 适应v.mistake=error=fault=slip=mix-up 错误n.keep a check on=monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视v.unexpected=unpredictable=unforeseeable 不可预见的adj.previously=before=earlier=formerly 先前adv.in addition=besides=additionally=too=also=as well 除此之外inhabitant=resident=population=citizen=local 居民n.permit=allow=let=agree to=authorize 许可v.interfere=intrude=disrupt=meddle 干扰v.fatigue=tiredness=exhaustion=drowsiness 疲劳n.manifest=show=reveal=present 显示v.concentrate=pay attention=put one's mind on=attentive 专注v.produce=make=manufacture=create=fashion 生产v.carry out=implement=put sth. into practice=execute 实行v.limit=minimize=maximum=the most=ceiling=cut-off point v.限制different=individual=not like=vary=not the same=contrast with=diverse adj.独特的invention=device=creation=innovation n.发明，装置cold temperature=freezing weather=chilly=frosty=wintry=cold snap adj.寒冷的farming=agriculture n.农业simultaneous=at the same time=together=at once=at one time adj.同时的uniform=equal=homogeneous adj.均衡的civil=municipal=metropolitan adj.城市的divide=split=separate=break up=break down=take apart=take something to piece v.分开new=revolutionary=original=innovation=fresh=novel=be in its infancy adj.新的，革命的public event=communal activity 公众、社交活动aviation disaster=sky accident=air crash 空难resemble=like=similar=alike=much the same=comparable v.类似oversimplify=incomplete=simplistic=generalize=see things in black and white adj.过于简化的，不完整的alt itude=from…meters above the ground=height=how high=level n.高度zone=airspace=region=area=district=quarter=block=suburb n.区域weather=meteorological=climate=condition n.气候categorize=class / type=sort=classify=be grouped=grade v.分类create=establish=invent=start up=open=set up=found=inception v.创建beacon and flashing=light=beam n.灯光improve=develop=evolve=get better=catch up=pick up=things are looking up v.发展，进化aircraft=plane=by air n.飞机average-sized=medium-sized adj. 中等的city=metropolitan=urban=town=village=civic=municipal=downtown n.城市remain=stay=keep=continue to be=still v.保持enough=sufficient=adequate=cover=meet somebody's need adj.足够的main=largely=principal=chief=major=key=primary=prime=predominant=core adj.主要的:documentation=written account=evidence=proof n.证明shift=switch=transfer=move=jerk v.转换consistent=lasting=stay the same=constant=unchanging adj.持续的drought=no rain at all=dry=dusty adj.干旱的period=cycle=era=age n.年代random=arbitrary=at random adj.随机的relate to=associate with=link to / connect to=identify with 联系feeling=emotional response / sensory=a sense of=passion n. 感觉unappreciated=undervalued adj.低估的difficult=elusive=hard / tough=easier said than done adj.困难的，难懂的study=research=analyse=do/conduct research v.研究smell=odour=scent n.气味interpretation=be considered to be=understanding=reading n.理解define=distinguish=tell the difference v.使明确describe=name=express=give a description of=talk about=write about=give an account of=tell of v.描述lack=do not exist=not enough=scarce=inadequate=insufficient=in short supply v.缺乏的building=property=construction n.建筑support=back=be behind=in support of=back somebody up v.支持financial support=fund=financial aid 资助stumbling block=difficulty=trouble n.麻烦create=generate=form=produce v.形成direct=guide=lead=instruct=give order/instruction v.指导beam=laser=ray=glow=glare n.光线，激光aim=direct at=purpose=point=idea=objective=goal=target n.目的inherit=run in family=receive=get=be given=be awarded v.继承talent=prodigy=skill=ability=craftsmanship=flair=have a knack=a natural ability to do something well n.才能，技能lessen=minimize=subside=lighten=relieve=ease=allay v.减少significance=supremacy=definition=meaning=sense=connotation n.重要性limitation=restricted=disadvantage=drawback=liability=the downside n.限制inexorable=inevitable=unstoppable=remorseless adj.无法改变的stable=characteristic=constant=steady=fixed=unchanging adj.稳定的life span=duration of life 寿命organism=living thing=life form=wildlife =an animal, plant, human, or any other living thing n.有机的key=contributing factor=important=major=significant=critical n.关键achievement=attainment=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.成就spacious=largely=big=huge=vast=enormous=immense adj.广阔的adapt=accessible=get used to=become/grow accustomed to=adjust to v.适应，可接近的careful=elaborate=conscientious=thorough=meticulous=methodical adj.仔细的，精心的supplementary=assist=additional=extra=further=added=spare=more=another n.补充，帮助effort=hard work=work at=push yourself=labour n.努力correct answer=accuracy n.精确imbalance=disorder=unequal=disproportionate n.不平衡，紊乱no longer respond=resistance=fight against 抵抗cost=financial outlay=spend=charge=fare=rental=toll n.支出innate=built-in adj.先天的immunity=resistance n.免疫力wipe out=eradicate=get rid of=abolish=scrap=do away with=eliminate 根除criterion=identification=standard=scale n.标准，识别wet=marshy=soaked=waterlogged=awash adj.湿的。
刘洪波雅思阅读同义词替换大全
Cambridge同义词替换大全(剑桥4-8)Cambridge4 TEST11.ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视v.2.encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.3.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.4.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.5.change=modify(modification) 改变v.6.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.7.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.8.where=geographical location 表地点9.important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.11.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.12.newspapers, television=media媒体n.13.where to live=habitat居住地n.14.get warmer=global warming变暖n.15.contribute to=play a part有助于v.16.survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.17.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.18.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.19.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.20.poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj.22.mating=courtship交配.23.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.24.good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力25.best=well=greatest=finest=ideal= top= number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.26.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.27.volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.28.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.29.blind=can not see瞎的adj.Cambridge4 TEST21.initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be theperson who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.2.increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on theincrease=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.3.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.4.more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.5.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.6.young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.munity=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n.8.traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.9.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do nogood=fall through失败v.10.endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.11.diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.12.inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.13.differ from=unusual与…不同v.14.reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.15.consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.16.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个17.therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.18.retrain=taking courses再教育v.19.salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.plaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.22.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病n.23.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系n.24.beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的adj.25.insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解n.26.physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的adj.27.hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.28.accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随29.mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的adj.30.possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.31.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少n.32.class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.33.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习n.34.peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social classetc同伴n.35.defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.36.strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.37.assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助v.38.specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be morespecific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.39.substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质n.40.surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境n.41.engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.bine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.43.survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.Cambridge4 TEST31.quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writingbecause it is interesting or amusing 引言n.2.exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example ofsomething 例证v.3.explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.4.outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述v.5.purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的n.6.encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebodyinto=put somebody up to鼓励v.7.loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款n.8.poverty= being poor贫穷n.9.crime= illegal activities in general犯罪n.10.reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝v.11.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.12.courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员n.13.storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.14.facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.15.ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerfuletc.有志向的，雄心壮志的adj.16.effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力n.17.feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical；a part of theland, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点n.18.planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球n.19.unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的adj.20.machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doingsomething=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械n.21.ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in thefuture= final最终的，根本的adj.22.atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛;大气n.23.occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.24.expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.25.form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式n.26.emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现v.27.emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射n.28.situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况n.29.self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的n.30.generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生v.31.various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety ofsomething=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的adj.32.convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that isconvenient 方便的adj.33.objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的adj.34.enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查35.observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become aware/conscious=catch somebody'seye=perceive观察v.ment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论37.include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括v.38.focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于v.39.affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响v.40.gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derivefrom/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于…. V.41.concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n.Cambridge4 TEST41.official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的adj.2.athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的adj.3.intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的adj.4.burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发5.recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.6.inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short不足的adj.7.develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=bederived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展，生长v.8.enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够v.9.predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测v.10.specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家n.11.theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of theideas or practical experience理论的adj.12.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的adj.13.nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然n.14.aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的n.15.translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译v.16.ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的adj.17.realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid实际的，现实的18.field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域n.19.document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece of written work that is stored on acomputer文件n.20.equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的adj.21.influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响n.22.behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为n.pare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different fromeach other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较v.24.economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地adv.25.establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织v.26.sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的adj.27.realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn fromexperience意识到v.28.limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制29.produce=form=create=generate生产v.30.guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证v.31.liberty=freedom=a free hand自由n.32.independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立n.33.consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used toshow approval持续的adj.34.underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think thatsomeone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估v.35.provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供n.Cambridge5 TEST11.produce=develop=manufacture生产v.2.central=middle中心的adj.3.did not have=without没有v.4.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来v.5.time limit=deadline时间限制，期限n.6.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify=build up增加7.assistant=helper=coach 助手n.8.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.9.illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示v.10.quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语n.11.predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任n.12.rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者n.13.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物n.14.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点15.cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.16.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.17.stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定n.18.prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.19.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约n.20.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予v.21.fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremelyinteresting吸引，使着迷v.22.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.23.expect=think=anticipate预期，期待v.24.psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学n.25.obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by thebook/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.26.identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.27.severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性n.28.unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生v.29.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.30.moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between goodand evil 道德上的，与道德有关的adj.31.prior to=before=previous在…前面32.repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复n.33.genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的adj.34.sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲v.35.victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者n.36.forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造v.37.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服v.38.surrender=give in 投降，放弃v.39.extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的adj.40.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的adj.41.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.42.phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that isstudied because it is difficult to understand 现象n.43.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法n.44.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想n.45.entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v.46.distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解v.47.dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理v.48.intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering thefacts=instinct 直觉n.49.emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.50.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.51.postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟v.52.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj.53.pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a badresult=getting worse悲观的adj.54.attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力Cambridge5 TEST21.similar=like=resemble相似的adj.2.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源v.3.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力n.4.generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生v.5.couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随v.6.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素n.7.unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的adj.8.advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.9.field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域n.10.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.11.like=such as=for example=for instance 例如12.resource=material=source资源，来源n.13.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.14.involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉v.15.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.16.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.17.draw on=absorb=do with吸收v.18.settle on=make choice of=decide on选定v.19.superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势n.20.accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.21.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点n.22.artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能n.23.involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联v.24.release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表v.25.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.26.task=job=work=labour 任务，工作n.27.instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地adv.28.react=respond 反应v.29.relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系v.30.subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点n.31.distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear; to reportsomething in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲，歪曲v.32.figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出v.33.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计v.34.emerge=appear=come forth出现v.35.remain=keep=stay=maintain保持v.36.exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.37.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育v.38.overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上，压倒v.39.initial=original=premier最初的，开始的adj.40.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是adv.Cambridge5 TEST31.outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.2.overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.3.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.4.supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.unch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放v.6.suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.7.detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.8.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.9.peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.10.positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的adj.11.administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.12.funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.13.interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v.14.irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉n.15.sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etcand form a solid layer 积淀n.16.interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断，打扰v.17.process=procedure=method=approach过程n.18.threat=danger=intimidation 威胁n.19.valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的，珍贵的adj.20.construct=build=make=found 建造v.21.blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad责备，怪罪v.22.stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激v.23.long-term=long-run=long-period长期的adj.24.impact=affect=influence=effect影响v.&n.25.occur=happen=exist=come发生v.26.contain=include=cover=possess 包含v.itary=battlefield=martial军事的adj.28.separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的，不同的adj.29.vanish=extinct=disappear 消失v.30.consciousness=awareness 意识n.31.ignite=light=inflame点燃v.32.encompass=include=contain=cover包含，围绕v.33.reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel认为v.34.widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的，普遍的adj.unch=coin=project=release=issue创新，开辟v.36.contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.37.potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的，可能的adj.38.prospect=expectation=outlook=chance展望，希望n.39.perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n.Cambridge5 TEST4munity=organization=group=body团体n.2.fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.3.remote=distant 遥远的adj.4.require=desire=order=command要求v.5.inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者，居民n.6.consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此adv.7.destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.8.throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部adv.9.operate=act=run运转v.10.output=product输出，产品n.11.decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.12.undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏v.13.revive=renaissance复兴v.14.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的adj.15.ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.16.fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.17.break=shatter=crack打碎，打破v.18.interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.19.insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持，坚称v.20.expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.21.suppress=control=restrain=repress=put down=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制v.22.speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速v.23.examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查，调查v.24.dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.25.detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现v.26.claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称v.27.cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示，信号，暗号n.28.unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.29.be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为30.encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励，促使v.31.considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的adj.32.regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾33.adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的adj.34.assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证，确保v.35.suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.Cambridge6 TEST11.exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流v.2.expertise=skill 专门技术n.3.employ=analyze=study 使用v.4.investigation=analysis 调查n.5.narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.6.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.7.funded support=finance 资金n.8.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.9.calculate=measure 计算v.10.event=championship 赛事n.11.plan=prepare=design 计划v.12.improve=grow=get better 进步v.13.trade=economy 贸易n.14.transport=import or export=deliver 运输v.15.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.16.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.17.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.18.delivery=export or import 运输n.19.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻n.20.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的adj.21.shipping=freight 船运n.22.cargo=freight=goods 货物n.23.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.ndscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n.25.difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的adj.26.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品n.27.supply=provision=support 供给n.28.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长v.29.respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n.30.understanding=knowledge 了解n.31.well-being=health 健康n.32.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能adj.33.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕v.34.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境n.35.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限36.not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的37.present inhabitant=descendant 居民38.give up=abandon 放弃39.mainly=heavily=most 主要地40.visit=venture 参观Cambridge6 TEST21.successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv.2.people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n.mute=travel 通勤v.4.higher=increasing=more 更高的adj.5.income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.6.beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的adj.7.together=face to face 共同8.refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v.9.accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.age=use=benefit=profit 用处n.11.averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的12.limited=minimal 有限的adj.13.move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移14.show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明15.related=associated 有关联的adj.16.suffer=be afflicted 忍受（病痛）v.17.research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.18.affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.19.disease=medical complain=illness 病痛n.20.increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.21.link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.22.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的adj.23.reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降n.24.elderly people=old people 老人n.25.independent=self-reliant 自立的adj.26.regular=daily 定期的adj.27.exercise=physical activity 运动n.28.challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的adj.29.decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降v.30.lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.31.hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.32.restricted=limited 有限的adj.33.concept=abstract idea=definition 定义n.34.specific=particular=detailed 特定的adj.35.early=older 早期的adj.36.fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成v.37.sufficient=enough 足够的adj.38.quantity=how many=amount 数量n.39.misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.40.prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止v.41.poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷adj.42.newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.43.ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n.Cambridge6 TEST31.teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.2.actor=star 演员n.3.first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.4.storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节n.5.globe=world 世界n.6.early=first=ancient 早期的adj.7.passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝8.describe=tell 描述v.9.realistic=achievable 现实的adj.10.target=goal=aim 目标n.11.feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈n.12.match to=suit to 合适13.reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励n.14.link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来15.achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.16.remuneration=payment 酬金n.17.tend to=prone to 倾向于18.feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉v.19.participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.20.staff=employee=worker 员工n.21.visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的adj.22.clerical worker=clerk 书记员n.23.judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判v.24.job=work=assignment 工作n.25.delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off延后v.26.growing old=ageing 变老27.people=mortal=people=individual 人n.28.life=lifespan 生命29.chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会n.30.production=generation=output 产量n.31.theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想n.32.focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于33.short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的adj.Cambridge6 TEST41.drug company=pharmaceutical company 医药公司n.2.promotion=marketing 营销n.3.increase=escalate=rise=go up=grow 上升v.4.research=study=survey=investigation 研究n.5.work=be an effective way=be useful=help=achieve=succeed=have an effect=happen=turn out 奏效v.6.technique=strategy=skill=expertise=method=way 技术n.7.criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation 批评n.8.moral=ethical 道德的adj.9.legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合法的adj.10.money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱n.11.adults=men and women 成人n.12.maternal=mother=female 母亲的adj.cation=literacy=cultivation 教育n.14.child=infant=kid 孩子n.15.approximately=about=around=nearly 大约adv.16.impressive=greatest=touching=unforgettable 印象深刻的adj.17.programme=campaign=project 项目n.mon=persistent=normal=usual=ordinary=everyday 常见的adj.19.be halved=decline by 50% 减半20.key=most important=crucial=critical=significant 关键的adj.21.produce=develop=generate=engineer=manufacture 生产v.22.detailed=explicit=specific 细节的adj.23.on its own=alone 自身24.however=but=yet 但是25.self-confidence=assertiveness=confidence 自信n.26.effective=useful=beneficial=good=needed 有效的adj.27.distinguish=recognize the difference=differentiate 区别v.Cambridge7 TEST11.rely on=depend on 依靠v.2.avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免v.3.die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝v.4.hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎v.5.limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四肢n.。
雅思阅读同义词替换介绍
雅思阅读同义词替换介绍雅思阅读同义词替换介绍1. outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果 n.2. overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜 v.3. insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的 adj.4. supply=provide=furnish=give 提供 v.5. launch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放 v.6. suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想 v.7. detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.8. handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.9. peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴 n.10. positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的 adj.11. administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理 v.12. funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金 n.13. interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动 v.14. irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉 n.15. sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etc and form a solid layer 积淀 n.。
雅思阅读同近义替换词汇总!!!
同义词、近义词替换汇总1、abandon, desert, forsake, leave, give up 这些动词或词组均含“抛弃、放弃”之意abandon〓强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的。
desert〓着重指违背法律责任和义务，或自己的信仰与誓言的行为，多含非难的意味。
forsake〓侧重断绝感情上的依恋，自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物。
也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习。
leave〓普通用词，指舍弃某事或某一职业，或终止同一某人的关系，但不涉及动机与果。
give up〓普通用语，侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。
2、ability, capacity, capability, genius, talent, competence, faculty, gift, aptitude 这些名词均可表示人的“能力，才能”之意。
ability〓普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。
capacity〓侧重指人的潜在能力，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力。
capability〓多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。
常与of或for连用。
genius〓语气最强，指天赋的高度才能与智力。
talent〓着重指人某方面具有可发展和培养的突出天赋才能，但语意比genius弱。
competence〓正式用词，侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平，达到胜任某项工作等的要求。
faculty〓指特殊的才能或智力。
gift〓着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领，常暗含不能用一般规律作解释的意味。
aptitude〓多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力，常暗示接受能力强，能迅速掌握一种学术训练或艺术技巧。
3、able, capable, competent 这些形容词均含有“有能力的，能干的”之意able〓最常用词，多用于褒义，着重指多方面的，经常性的，或潜在性的能力。
有时也指高超、非凡的能力。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
雅思阅读同义替换整理adequate inadequatesufficient deficient=insufficient充足的ample 反不充足的scarce / rare(Enough) plenty of (Not enough) shortageabundant lacking / lackraiseriseincreasegrow上升soar/surgeascendaccelerate=speed upboost / promote / enhance v. 促进prosper / thrive / flourish v. 繁荣beneficial/ profitable / rewarding/ successful a. 有利的, 成功的advantage/ virtue/ merit/ benefit/ strength/ positive side n. 优点，好处fall / drop / plunge/ slumpdecrease / decline / descend 下降degrade / degenerate/ deteriorate v. 恶化, 退化devastate / destroy/ demolish v. 破坏reduce / reductionlessen / minimize下降relieve / alleviate v. 减轻vanish / disappear/fade v. 消失depression/ recession n. 衰退harmful/ devastating/ detrimental a. 有害的poisonous / toxic / noxious a. 有毒的disadvantage/failing/ defect/ drawback/ fault/ weakness/negative side n. 缺点，不利obstacle/ barrier/ hurdle / hinder / obtrude 阻碍sharply副词swiftly slowlyrapidly gradually快速地quickly 缓慢地steadilyrapidly instantly slowly by degreeimmediately step by steppromptlyinfluence/ impact/ effectaffect/ ruin影响interfere with / intervene indisturb/ disrupt有效的：valid / effective / efficient正面的：favorable, positive有成果的：productive/ fruitful/ rewarding灾难性的：disastrous, destructive, devastating, catastrophic 负面的：adverse, negative有毒的：poisonous, toxic, noxious, harmfulconsiderablesubstantial intenseenormous intensivetremendous 强烈的severeimmense extreme巨大的，众多的dramatic drasticgreat/many drastic explosivesignificant indispensablecountless vitalnumerous 重要的crucialinnumerable criticalvast essentialradical fundamental=basicadvanced rudimentarysophisticated 反crude先进的perfect 落后的，原始的primitiveunmatched undevelopedunrivalled underdevelopedout of datecomplexexcellent marked complicatedoutstanding 明显的obvious 复杂的sophisticatedexceptional evident intricatedistinguished apparentremarkable remarkable著名的extraordinaryfamous prominenteminent feeble variouspre-eminent fragile 多样的diversedominant 脆弱的vulnerable 不同的diversifiedbrittle distinctstagnant mobile （motion=movement）stationary 反dynamic静止的static 移动的migratorystable/steady稳定的locomotivefluctuate v. 波动connected to seperatelinked to 反分离的segregated与...相关联associated with scatteredrelated to detachedholy prosperous novelsacred 繁荣的thriving 创新的innovative神圣的heavenly 兴旺的booming creative divine flourishing originalfatal dishonest quaint致命的deadly 不诚实的古怪的oddmortal deceptive strange weirdlethal bizarrepeculiar recent最近的current appropriate chronic现在的nowadays 适合的proper 长期的present suitable long-termcontemporary fitexpensivefrugal hardworking costly节俭的thrifty 勤劳的industrious 奢侈的exorbitant economical diligent 昂贵的luxuriousarduous sumptuousexcessive fair objective公平的equal 客观的随意的casual equitable unbiased randomimpartial unplannedapproximate puzzlingabout confusing broad大约almost 令人困惑的bewildering 广阔的vast nearly perplexing widevirtually great动词：transform transmit改变shift 发送transferchange convert send deliverturn...into emit=give offoffer finance support提供grant 资助fund 支持advocate provide supply sponsor champion render subsidizeinhabit replace administer 居住lodge substitute 管理administrate live reside 取代take the place of manage dwell swap=exchange互换accommodate提供住宿dispute / argue争议（controversial有争议的）refute/ reject/ refuse 拒绝get rid ofconflict/ conflicting 矛盾的，冲突的去除eliminate驳斥oppose/ opposition 反对除掉dismiss反对object/ objection 反对dispose ofanti-词根表反对abandon=give upagree/ agreement quetsion / debate同意consensus 共识质疑agree no doubt/ undoubtedly doubt skepticism/ criticism反considering /regarding regardless of不考虑考虑到given/in view of 鉴于diffuse duplicate reproduce distribute复制replicate 繁殖multiply 扩散dispersecopy reproduce breed propagate spread extendpropagate restrict createrestrain produce take place限制constrain 产生develop 发生happenlimit confine make manufacture occurbound/limit yieldemphasize recognize motivatestress identify stimulate强调focus on 辨认distinguish 激励facilitate concentrate on understand promotehighlight appreciate encouragecombine separate strike=hitconnect split crash联合unite 分离segregate 撞击clash统一join 隔绝isolate=insulate隔绝conflict 冲突link distinguish 区分break upassociate 摔碎shattermerge合并fragments碎片lead to originate from survivecontribute to derive from 存活bring about date from sustain导致result in 源自于come from revive引发cause from extend from 复活cause induce range from Renaissance sparkrecall anticipaterecollect forecast check回忆retrospect 预期predict 检查examine remember expect inspectmemorize foreseeguess in advancedegrade demolish criticize恶化degenerate 拆毁knock down 批评blame deteriorate devastate reproachdismantlestart开始begin attract hinderinitiate 吸引fascinate 阻碍obtrudelaunch obsess hurdlecommence lure barrier/obstacle n.temptpollute classify assume污染分类认为contaminate categorize suppose。