2015年职称英语考试模拟试题卫生类概括大意
2015年职称英语考试综合类概括大意模拟试题精选
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上.Health Education1 Health education is the part of health care that is concerned with promoting healthy behavior. A person's behavior may be the main cause of a health problem, but it can also be the main solution. This is true for the teenager who smokes, the mother with the poorly nourished (营养) child, and the butcher (屠夫，卖肉的人) who gets a cut on his finger. By changing their behavior these individuals can solve and prevent many of their own problems.2 Health education does not replace other health services, but it is needed to promote the proper use of these services. One example of this is immunization (免疫): scientists have made many vaccines (疫苗) to prevent diseases, but this achievement is of no value unless people go to receive the immunization.3Health education encourages behavior that promotes health, prevents illness, cures disease, and contributes to recovery. The needs and interests of individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities are at the heart of health education programs. Thus there are many opportunities for practicing health education.4Health education is not the same thing as healthinformation. Correct information is certainly a basic part of health education, but health education must also address the other factors that affect health behavior such as availability (可获性) of resources, effectiveness of community leadership, social support from family members, and levels of self-help skills. Health education therefore uses a variety of methods to help people understand their own situations and choose actions that will improve their health. Health education is incomplete unless it encourages involvement and choice by the people themselves.5 Also, in health education we do not blame people if they do not behave in a healthy way. Often unhealthy behavior is not the fault of the individual. In health education we must work with families, communities, and even regional and national authorities to make sure that resources and support are available to enable each individual to lead a healthy life.1 Paragraph 2_______________.2 Paragraph 3_______________.3 Paragraph 4_______________.4 Paragraph 5_______________.A Addressing a Variety of Behavior-affecting FactorsB Importance of ImmunizationC Relationship with Other Health ServicesD Creation of Necessary Conditions for Healthy BehaviorE Encouraging Unhealthy BehaviorF Encouragement of Behavior Good for Your Health5Promoting healthy behavior is the goal of_______________.6 Immunization helps to_______________.7Health education cannot take the place of_______________.8Individuals should be provided with necessary conditions for_______________.A many vaccinesB prevent diseasesC health educationD healthy behaviorE change unhealthy behaviorF other health services参考答案：23. C 24. F 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. F 30. DParisParis, the capital and the largest city of the country, is in north central France. The Paris metropolitan area contains nearly 20% of the nation's population and is the economic, cultural, and political center of France. The French governments have historically favored the city as the site for all decision making, thus powerfully attracting nearly all of the nation's activities.Paris has grown steadily since it was chosen as the national capital in the late 10th century. With the introduction of the Industrial Revolution, a great number of people moved to the city from the country during the 19th century. The migration was especially stimulated by the construction of railroads, which provided easy access to the capital. After World War IImore and more immigrants arrived.The city is the centralized control point of most national radio and television broadcasting. It is a place of publication of the most prestigious newspapers and magazines and an international book publishing center. With more than 100 museums, Paris has truly been one of the greatest concentrations of art treasures in the world. The Louver, opened as a museum in 1793, is one of the largest museums in the world.In the late 1980s about 4.1million pupils annually attended about 47,000 elementary schools. In addition, about 5.4 million students attended some 11,200 secondary schools. Approximately 1.2 million students were enrolled annually at universities and colleges in France in the late 1980s. French centers of learning have served as academic models throughout the world.Paris is the leading industrial center of France, with about one quarter of the nation's manufacturing concentrated in the metropolitan area. Industries of consumer goods have always bee drawn to Paris by the enormous market of the big population, and modern, high-technology industries also have become numerous since World War II. Chief manufactures are machinery, automobiles, chemicals and electrical equipment.EXERCISE：1. Paragraph2_________.2. Paragraph3_________.3. Paragraph4_________.4. Paragraph5_________.A History of the cityB Industries of the cityC Population grownD EducationE Cultural centerF Immigration5. Paris has in history been the center of___________.6. Since the 10th century, the population of Paris__________.7. Many valuable works of art_________.8. Paris is not only the center of education of France , but also the center_____________.A can be found in ParisB the major events of the nationC of the country's industriesD a lot of cinemas and theatersE has been growing steadilyF has been decreasing rapidly答案：1. C 2. E 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. E 7.A 8. CKeeping Cut Flowers1 While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around their house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts.2 An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations(康乃馨)retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12℃ than when kept at 26℃. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probablythe most important aspect of flower care.3 Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination(授粉). After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide(二氧化碳), called respiration(呼吸), generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and color. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies.4 How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respiration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature. We know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly.5 Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to "drink" water that is dirty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers. To rid the water of these unwanted substances, household chlorine bleach(含氯漂白剂)can be used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach(at 4% solution)beadded to each liter of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.23 Paragraph 2__________.24 Paragraph 3__________.25 Paragraph 4__________.26 Paragraph 5__________.A Control of RespirationB Beauty of Fresh Cut FlowersC Role of RespirationD Most Important Aspect of Flower CareE Need for Clean WaterF Ways of Stopping Respiration27 A few simple facts will help you keep cut flowers__________.28 Respiration plays a key role__________29 The aging of cut flowers can be slowed down__________.30 Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers is__________.A by keeping its original shape and colorB in the life of cut flowersC to produce carbon dioxideD for as long as possibleE by controlling temperatureF to replace the water and solution every day答案：23. D24. C25. A 26. E27. D28. B29. E30. FHow We Form First lmpression1 We all have first impression Of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about Someone without reallyknowing anything about him or her -aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.2 The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits，even very minor difference in how a person's eyes，ears，nose，or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as differene1.In fact，your brain continuously process incoming sensory information- the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming "signals" are compared against2 a host of "memories" stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals " mean" .3 If you see someone you know and like at school3，your brain says "familiar and safe. " If you see someone new，it says，"new-potentially，threatening". Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other " known" memories. The height ，weight，dress ，ethnicity ， gestures ，and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics ，the more your brain may say，This is new. I don't like this person". Or else，"I'm intrigued" . Or yourbrain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes，ethnicity，gestures-like your other friends;so your brain says: "I like this person" . But these preliminary "impressions" can be dead wrong44 When we stereotype people，we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people-their history，interest，values，strengths，and true character - wecategorize them as jocks，geeks，or freaks.5 However，if we resist initial stereotypical impressions，we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person，hear about his or her life，hopes，dreams，and become aware of the person's character，we use a different，more mature style of thinking- and the most complex areas of our cortex，which allow us to be humane.练习:1. Paragraph 2_____2. Paragraph 3_____3. Paragraph 4_____4. Paragraph 5_____A Ways Of Departure from Immature and Simplistic ImpressionsB Comment on First ImpressionC Illustration Of First ImpressionD Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against MemoriesE Threatening Aspect of First ImpressionsF Differences Among Jocks，Geeks and Freaks5. Sensory information is one that is perceived through_____.6. You interpret _____ by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain.7. The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking，which is similar to_____.8. We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to_____.A a stranger's less mature type of thinkingB the most complex areas of our cortexC the immature form of thinking of a very young childD the meaning of incoming sensory informationE the sights and sounds of the worldF an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking答案：DCBA EDCBScreen Test1. Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey （调查）published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.2. But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial（有争议的）, partly because the radiation（辐射） brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue（组织） is denser.3. Researchers at the Polytechnic University1 of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the women’s cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.4. The mathematical model recommended by Britain’s National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led toa lower figure of 20 cancers.5. The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.6. But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimize the technique” for breast cancer screening.7. “There is a trade-off（平衡） between the diagnostic （诊断的，判断的） benefits of breast screening and its risks,”admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. “On the basis of the current （目前的）data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. That’s why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening programme.”练习：1. Paragraph2 ________2. Paragraph3 ________3. Paragraph4 _ ____4. Paragraph5 _____A. Harm Screening May Do to a Younger WomanB. Investigating （调查）the Effect of ScreeningC. Effects Predicted by Two Different ModelsD. Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from RadiationE. Treatment of CancersF. Factors That Trigger Cancers5.Early discovery of breast cancer may________.6.Advantages of screening women under 50 are _______.7.Delaying the age at which screening starts may ________.8.Radiation exposure should be ________.A. be costlyB. harmfulC. save a lifeD. still open to debate(争论)E. reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancerF. reduced to the minimum答案与题解：1.A A说^是：用X射线检查可能对年轻女人不好。
职称英语卫生类考试概括大意练习题(4)
职称英语考试/模拟试题2016年职称英语卫生类考试概括大意练习题(4)2015职称英语卫生类考试概括大意习题(4)The Meaning of dreams1.Dreams play an important role in our lives.If they can be correctly explained,we can come to understand ourselves better.Here,we look at four common dreams and what they potentially symbolize.2.I can see their laughing faces…laughing at me.But they aren't as smart.If they were,they'd be up here flying with me! This dream has bothpositive and negative connotations(涵义).On the positive side,the dream may express a strong desire to travel and get away from everyday routine.It can be interpreted as a powerful desire to achieve.On the other hand,this dream can mean the person has a problem or is afraid of something and they wish to escape.The dream could represent an inferioritycomplex(自卑情结),which the dreamer attempts to escape from by putting themselves up above others.3.I'm moving from fast now,but it's still behind me.Doesn't matter how fast I go,I stillcan't escape.Although this is a traditional symbol of health and vitality(生命力) like the otherone,it can also suggest the dreamer is trying to escape from ually,fear is prominent emotion.By running hard,the dreamer can possibly escape the threat.However,they can also stumble(蹒跚) or worse still stop moving altogether.This makes dream even more terrifying(恐怖的).One possible interpretation suggests that the dream is under pressure in their everyday life…4.I'm sweating and my heart is beating.I'm trapped in my own bed.In this dream,the person is often standing on a high,exposed place such as on the top of a tower,or on the edge of a cliff.The overwhelming(强烈的) feeling changes from anxiety to loss of control.There is nothing to stop the person,and the feeling as they go over the edge canbe horrifyingly(恐怖地) real.Fortunately,just before hitting the ground,the dreamer awakens with a sense of enormous relief.This dream suggests that the dreamer is afraid of losing control and has a fear of failure or even death.5.The wind is pushing me and I slip.There's nothing I can do...nothing I can hold on to.This symbol is associated with fear: suddenly the dreaming loses all power of movement.They try hard to move their arms and legs,but they simply cannot.Frozen in a terrifying situation with no escape,they became more and more terrified as the seconds go by.Another frequent context for this dream is failing to do something in Public,often something which you are normally very good at,such as your job.Not only is this extremely embarrassing,but it also shows a deep-seatedphobia(恐惧) of losing a job and a livelihood.23.Paragraph 2________24.Paragraph 3________25.Paragraph 4________26.Paragraph 5________A Dream of climbing treesB Dream of diving into the waterC Dream of running hardD Dream of falling downE Dream of being pushed awayF Dream of flying into the air27.If a person puts himself up above others in the dream,he may____.28.If a person dreams of being chased by others,he may ____.29.If a person dreams of going over the edge ofa cliff,he may ____.30.If a person dreams of failing to do something in public,he may _ ___.A be afraid of losing his job in real lifeB feel inferior in realityC feel lonely in everyday lifeD feel tired in real lifeE be under pressure in everyday lifeF be afraid of losing control in real life参考答案：FCDEBEFA2016年职称英语卫生类考试概括大意练习题(4).doc [全文共1809字] 编号：6356971。
2015全国职称英语等级考试必看卫生类阅读理解译文
2015全国职称英语等级考试必看_卫生类__阅读理解__译文第四部分阅读理解第一部分 (ABC级)第一篇第一篇：纳米保健技术走向贫困国家纳米技术的应用对象都是分子级和原子级的物质。
如今，长度为一纳米，即十亿分之一米的粒子已被开发出多种用途，如制造美容产品和抗污型服装等。
但其中一个领域科学家认为潜力尤为巨大，那就是医药领域。
•在上周于华盛顿Woodrow Wilson国际中心召开的一个项目会议上，科学家们探讨了如何将纳米技术应用于贫困国家人口保健的事宜。
来自多伦多大学的Peter Singer声称一项名为量子点的纳米技术可被应用于疟疾的诊断。
相对于传统的仅用显微镜观察血液样本的方法，此技术要先进得多。
由于贫困国家往往没有条件应用此项新技术，许多健康人被误诊为疟疾患者，而药物的滥用又导致了抗药性的产生。
所谓量子点是指一些被激活后会发光的粒子，如今科学家正在研究为它们编程的方法，以便当靶分子存在的时候就能够通过发光来诊断疾病。
纳米技术的优越性不光体现在疾病的诊断，还包括疾病的治疗。
国立卫生研究所的Piotr Grodzinski与大家共同探讨了如何运用纳米技术来增强药效。
以一些已经使用了纳米技术的抗癌药物为例，他指出，如果药物可以针对癌症病灶而不是整个人体，治疗所需药量就会大大减少，副作用也会降低。
Andrew Maynard是Woodrow Wilson中心新兴的纳米技术工程部骨干科学家，他注意到巴西、印度、中国及南非正在开发可被贫困国家所应用的纳米技术。
与此同时他指出，与较大分子不同，纳米材料的颗粒在人体内和体外环境中的作用可能有所不同，因此纳米技术的应用存在一定风险，若要深入研究这些风险则需要更大的资金投入。
第二篇：医学期刊医学杂志医学杂志是向医生和其他医务人员提供医学信息的出版物。
在过去，这些杂志只有印刷版。
随着电子出版的发展，许多医学杂志现在都有网站了，有些杂志只有网络版。
少数的医学杂志，如《美国医学会杂志》，被看做是普通医学杂志，因为它们涵盖了医学的许多领域。
2015年职称英语(卫生类)B级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2015年职称英语（卫生类）B级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词汇选项 2. 阅读判断 3. 概括大意与完成句子 4. 阅读理解 5. 补全短文6. 完形填空词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。
1．Jack was dismissed.A．firedB．finedC．exhaustedD．criticized正确答案：A解析：句意：Jack被解雇了。
画线单词dismiss意为“解雇”。
fire意为“解雇”；fine意为“罚款”；exhaust意为“排出”；criticize意为“批评”。
根据画线单词意思，只有fire与其同义，可进行替换。
因此A项正确。
2．His claims seem credible to many people.A．workableB．convincingC．practicalD．eligible正确答案：B解析：句意：他的主张在许多人看来是可信的。
credible意为“可信的，可接受的”，与con-vincing(令人相信的，有说服力的)意思相近。
workable可行的；practical实际的；eligible合适的。
3．I’m afraid that your daughter has failed to get through her mid-term exams.A．pass offB．pass awayC．passD．pass out正确答案：C解析：句意：恐怕你女儿期中考试不及格。
get through意为“通过”，与pass(通过)意思相近。
pass off停止；pass away去世；pass out昏倒。
4．She is a highly successful teacher.A．fairlyC．veryD．moderately正确答案：C解析：句意：她是个非常成功的教师。
2015年职称英语考试卫生类A级概括大意模拟试题(word版)
Nice Name But She's So Deadly1 More than a million people in the United States were told to leave their homes over the weekend as Hurricane (飓风) Dennis headed to the Gulf coast， after killing at least 15 people in the Caribbean Sea.2 If you read the news often enough， you may notice that all hurricanes are given names. Why is that? Remember， there can be more than one hurricane operating at one time. Without naming them， we could get confused about which storm we're talking about.3 For hundreds of years， hurricanes in the Caribbean were named after the particular religious day on which they occurred. One Australian meteorologist (气象学家) began giving women's names to tropical storms at the end of the 19t“ century. In 1953， the US National Weather Service， which is responsible for tracking hurricanes and issuing warnings， began using female names for storms. By 1979， both women and men's names were being used. One name for each letter of the alphabet (字母表) is selected， except for Q， U and Z.4 So who decides which names are used each year? The World Meteorological Organization uses six lists in rotation， so each list is reused every six years.5 Here's a list of the 2005 Atlantic hurricanes， according to the US National Hurricane Centre： Arlene， Bret， Cindy，Dennis， Emily， Franklin， Gert， Harvey， Irene， Jose，Katrina， Lee， Maria， Nate， Ophelia， Philippe， Rita， Stan，Tammy， Vince， Wilma.1 Paragraph 12 Paragraph 23 Paragraph 34 Paragraph 4A Reason for naming hurricanesB Warning of an approaching hurricaneC Deadly womenD History of naming hurricanesE Organization responsible for naming hurricanesF Ways to track hurricanes5 Over a million people were warned not6 The responsibility of the US National Weather Service is7 Hurricanes are given names8 At the end of the 19th century， women's names startedA to track hurricanes and issue WarningsB to avoid confusionC to stay at homeD to be given to tropical stormsE to make predictionsF to kill at least 15 people参考答案1. B2. A3. D4. E5. C6. A7. B8. DEarthquakeEvery year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vest amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An exampleof this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from landslides or major fires which are initiated by the quake.There are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately，however， not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale， which goes from 0 upward. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upwards from 6.0.The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earth s surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons， two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth s crust and continental drift.In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes， scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Special instruments are used to help people record， for example， shaking of the earth. Scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time， location and size of an earthquake.Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be signs of imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviors of some animals， the changes in the content of mineral water， etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before major earthquakes happen.EXERCISE：1. Paragraph 2_____.2. Paragraph 3_____.3. Paragraph 4_____.4. Paragraph 5_____.A Earthquakes forecastB Historical records of earthquakesC Intensities of earthquakesD Cause of earthquakesE Indications of earthquakesF Damaging earthquakes5. Not all damage during an earthquake is caused ____.6. Not all earthquakes are strong enough ___.7. Scientists have been working hard to warn people ___.8. Earthquakes can be predicted by observing ___.A by the quake itselfB not be preventedC to cause damage of property and loss of livesD of a possible earthquakeE the unusual behaviors of some animalsF the strong behaviors of human beingsKEY： C D A E A C D EHow did English Become a Global Language1.The rise of English is a remarkable tale as Professor David Crystal reminds us in his attractive，short book “English has a Global language.”2. It is certainly quite a theme. When Julius Caesar landed in Britain more than 2，000 years ago， English did not exist. Five hundred years later， English， virtually incomprehensible to modern ears， was probably spoken by about as few people as currently speak Cherokee，the language of a small North American Indian tribe-and with little influence. About 1，000years later， at the end of the 16th century， and after the Norman Conquest， the Reformation and the arrival of commercial printing technology， English was the native speech of between 5 million and 7 million people. And yet now look at it. As the second millennium approaches，English is more widely scattered， more widely spoken and written than any other language has never been. In the title of the book， it has become a truly global language. According to David Crystal， about 2.09 billion people， well over one-third of the world s population are routinely exposed to it.3. As he rightly points out， what is impressive about this staggering figure is：“not so much the grand total but the speed with which expansion has taken place since the 1950 s. In 1950， the case for English as a world language would have been no more than plausible. Fifty years on and the case is virtually won. ”4. So what happened?5. Someone once said that a language is a dialect with an army and a navy. In other words， when the British navy set out to conquer the world， is set out an “army” of English speakers. As the British empire spread throughout the world， English became the basis of law， commerce and education. The British empire was succeed by another(the American)， which shared virtually the same linguistic heritage. American English，which has become the rocket-fuel of the English language， has magically found its way into areas undreamed of 40， let alone 400 years ago.6 The most valuable part of Crystal s study is the sectiondevoted to a speedy analysis of the cultural basis of this global reach， notably the influence of broadcasting， press，advertising， popular music and film. He is also up-to-date and informative in his identification of the World-Wide-Web as a powerful reinforcer of American cultural and linguistic dominance.7. One of his most interesting passages concerns the role played by the League of Nations， and later the Untied Nations，in spreading English as an international language in the aftermath of the two world wars.8. What does the future hold? To this question， Crystal proposes the recognition of a new form of English-WSSE(world standard Spoken English)-which almost by definition rules out the possibility that English would fragment into mutually unintelligible language as Latin once did. “English， in some shape or form， will find itself in the service of the world community forever，” Crystal writes.1. Paragraph 2____2. Paragraph 3____3. Paragraph 5____4. Paragraph 6____A The figure of EnglishB The speed of the spread of EnglishC The role played by culture and the netD The role played by military expansionE The role played by educationF The 2，000 years of English5. The kind of English spoken 1，500 years ago was sodifferent from the English we speak today____.6. What impresses people most is not the interesting number of speakers of English found all over the world， ____ the language has spread in the past half century or so.7. The two international organizations founded after the two world wars made their contributions____.8. Crystal expresses the belief that in the future ____ will not happen to English.A because of their similarityB that we would not be able to understand it at allC to the popularization of English as a world languageD the trend to become a global languageE what once happened to LatinF but the speed with whichKeys： F B D C B F C EAdult EducationVoluntary learning in organized courses by mature men and women is called adult education. Such education is offered to make people able to enlarge and interpret their experience as adults. Adults may want to study something which they missed in earlier schooling， get new skills or job training， find out about new technological developments，seek better self-understanding， or develop new talents and skills.This kind of education may be in the form of self-study with proper guidance through the use of libraries， correspondence course， or broadcasting. It may also be acquired collectively in schools and colleges， study groups， workshops， clubs，and professional associations.Modern adult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and 19th centuries with the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Great economic and social changes were taking place： people were moving from rural areas to cities; new types of work were being created in an expanding factory system. These and other factors produced a need for further education and re-education of adults.The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1790s， with the founding of an adult school in Nottingham and a mechanics institute in Glasgow. The earliest adult education institution in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin and some friends in Philadelphia in 1727.People recognize that continued learning is necessary for most forms of employment today. For example， parts of the adult population in many countries find it necessary to take part in retraining programs at work of even to learn completely new jobs. Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs.练习：1. Paragraph 2__________.2. Paragraph 3__________.3. Paragraph 4__________.4. Paragraph 5__________.A Necessity for developing adult educationB Early days of adult educationC Ways of receiving adult educationD Growth of adult educationE Institutions of adult educationF Definition of adult education5. Some adults want to learn _______________.6.There are various forms of adult education， including ____________.7. Adult education has been made necessary ___________.8. The earliest organized adult education _______________.A by social and economic changesB guided self-study and correspondence coursesC by studying together with childrenD what they did not manage to learn earlierE dates back to the eighteenth centuryF mass productionKey：C A B D D B A EFriendly Relations with the People Around1 You depend on all the people closely around to give you the warm feeling of belongingness (归属) that you must have to feel secure. But, in fact, the members of all the groups to which you belong also depend on you to give that feeling to them. A person who shows that he wants everything for himself is bound (一定的) to be a lonely wolf.2 The need for companionship is closely related to the need for a sense of belongingness. How sad and lonely your life would be if you had no one to share your feelings and experiences. You may take it for granted that there always will be people around to talk to and to do things with you and for you. The important point, however, is that keeping emotionally healthy does not depend so much upon having people around you as uponyour ability to establish relationships that are satisfying both to you and to them.3 Suppose you are in a crowd watching a football game. You don't know them. When the game is over, you will all go your separate ways. But just for a while you had a feeling of companionship, of sharing the feelings of others who were cheering for the team you wanted to win.4 An experience of this kind gives the clue (线索) to what companionship really is. It depends upon emotional ties of sympathy, understanding, trust, and affection. Companions become friends when these ties are formed.5 When you are thrown in a new circle of acquaintances (熟人), you may not know with whom you will make friends, but-you can be sure that you will be able to establish friendships if you show that you really like people.1 Paragraph 2_________2 Paragraph 3_________.3 Paragraph 4_________ .4 Paragraph 5_________.A Making friends with new acquaintancesB Close link between companionship and belongingnessC How to satisfy other people's needsD An example of a satisfying relationshipE Difficulties in establishing friendshipsF What companionship really is5 If you had no one to share your feelings, your life would be_________.6 The warm feeling of belongingness may give you_________./7 The ability to establish fine relations with others will keep you_________ .8 You will find it hard to make friends with people_________.A without pityB sad and lonelyC emotionally healthyD without real love for themE a sense of securityF a lonely wolf【参考答案】1. B2. D3. F4. A5. B6. E7. C8. D。
2015年职称英语考试《卫生类C级》概括大意
Science FictionAmongst the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction.Hundreds of titles are published every year and are read by all kinds of people.Furthermore，some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories.It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature，but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago.These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society，a theme which is still often found in modern stories.Most of the classics of science fiction，however，have been written within the last hundred years.Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G.Wells，to mention just two well-known authors，have been translated into many languages.Modern science fiction writers don t write about men from Mars or space adventure stories.They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind;or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now.Because of this their writing has obvious political undertones.In an age where science fact frequently overtakes sciencefiction，the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances.Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going，however，may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology.1.Paragraph1____________2.Paragraph2____________3.Paragraph3____________4.Paragraph4____________A.Popularity of Science FictionB.A Fairly New DevelopmentC.Classics of Science FictionD.Difficulty in Keeping ahead of Scientific AdventureE.Its OriginF.Themes of Modern Science Fiction5.Some form of ideal society is__________6.Books written by J.Verne are___________7.People enjoy________________________8.Works of modern science fiction have___________A)a recurrent themeB)concerned with the problems that we have to solve in the futureC)reading books of science fictionD)political implicationsE)a current themeF)read worldwideKEY：AECFAFCDCar CrimeA million motorists leave their cars filled up with petrol and with the keys in the ignition every day.The cars are sitting in petrol stations while drivers pay for their fuel.The Automobile Association(A.A)has discovered that cars are left unattended for an average three minutes and sometimes longer as drivers buy drinks，sweets，cigarettes and other consumer items.With payment of credit cards becoming more and more common，it is not unusual for a driver to be out of his car for as long as six minutes，providing the car theft with a golden opportunity.For more than ten years there has been a big rise in car crime than in most other types of crime.An average of more than two cars a minute are broken into or stolen in the UK.Car crime accounts for almost a third of all reported offenses with no signs that the trend is slowing down.Although there are highly professional criminal involved in cartheft，almost90percent of car theft is committed by the opportunists.Amateur thieves are aided by our own carelessness. The recommends locking up whenever you leave the car and for however short a period.A partially open sunroof or window is a further come-on to thieves.There aremany other traps to avoid.The A.A.has fond little awareness among drivers about safe parking.Most motorists questioned made no efforts to avoid parking in quiet spots-just the places thieves love.The A.A.advises drives to park in places with people around-thieves don t like audiences.练习1.Paragraph2_________________.2.Paragraph3_________________.3.Paragraph4_________________.A)Safe parkingB)Increase in car theftC)Opportunities for non-professionalsD)Anti-theft organizations4.Most car thefts should be blamed on_______________概括大意与完成句子(第1-8题，每题1分，共8分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第1-4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5-8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。
2015年职称英语考试(卫生类概括大意)全真模拟题二
1. The key to gardening with kids, says Patti Kraemer-Doell, Family garden coordinator at the New York Botanical Gardens, is “Letting them experience it themselves. We have tried to guide them, but not tell them to put the sunflowers here and the tomatoes there. The emphasis is on developing their imagination and their appreciation for being out in the garden.”2. Guidance comes in the form of a string grid that is stretched across a planting bed, which divides it into one-foot squares. Kids get advice about how many seeds or seedlings to put in each square and how deep to plant them. Volunteers show kids pictures of how the full-grown plants will look, so they understand how much room each plant needs.3. Theme gardens have been a big hit in the program, and are easy to do in a home garden. Try a barnyard garden, suggests Kraemer-Doell, using plants whose names have associations with barnyard animals-lambs ears, hen and chicks, and cowslip, for example. Let kids grow a salsa garden, with all sorts of tomatoes, hot peppers, onions, and cilantro. A pizza garden can have basil, oregano, and tomatoes, In a Persian carpet garden, kids can focus on colored flowers. A seed garden can include plants that disperse their seeds in different ways, frommilkweed to sunflowers.4. Kraemer-Doell also suggests trying a sunflower house. Let kids plant sunflower seeds in a square, leaving space for a door in front. As the sunflowers grow, put a hay fence around them for protection and stake if necessary. Plant morning glories or sweet peas around the base of each sunflower, and they will grow up the stems, eventually forming a roof over the top. By summer’s end, kids will have a sunflower house to play in.5. Some kids might just want to play in the garden, says Kraemer-Doell. At the family garden, there’s a special place set aside just for digging and looking at insects and worms. It’s a very popular spot.1.Paragraph 1________2.Paragraph 2________3.Paragraph 3________4.Paragraph 4________A. Different Kinds of GardensB. Showing Kids the PicturesC. To Build a Sunflower HouseD. How to Plant Seeds or SeedlingsE. The Most Important Point in Family GardeningF. Kinds of Plants in a Home Garden5. Pictures of full-grown plants are provided________6. A barnyard garden will________7. When autumn comes, children can________8. In a home garden, children should always be able to________A. Play games in the sunflower houseB. be planted in a salsa gardenC. include plants with animal namesD. for parents to use as a guideE. find their own playing sectionF. for children to refer to参考答案：E D A C F C A E。
2015年职称英语《卫生类A级》真题及答案
2015年职称英语《卫生类A级》真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.【题干】Different hypotheses have been put forward to explain why UFOs exist .【选项】A.sentencementsC.conclusionsD.theories【答案】D2. 【题干】She is a lovely gracious woman.【选项】A.courteousB.curiousC.quietD.shy【答案】A3. 【题干】She hugged me like an old friend and invited me to dinner the next day. 【选项】A.embracedB.heldC.kissedD.patted【答案】A4. 【题干】It was unfortunate that she had erased the message.【选项】A.heard ofB.looked ofC.spoken outD.rubbed out【答案】D5. 【题干】He never grumbled about working overtime.【选项】A.talkedB.wroteC.spokeplained【答案】D6. 【题干】To start with ,we need to decide who will preside over the meeting. 【选项】A.chairB.attendC.celebrateD.prepare【答案】A7. 【题干】I must apologize for my outrageous behavior.【选项】A.courageousB.greedyC.angryD.glorious【答案】C8. 【题干】I think she made a blunder by announcing it ahead of time. 【选项】A.decisionB.mistakeC.promiseD.plan【答案】B9. 【题干】He came back home ,weary and fatigued.【选项】A.scaredB.worriedC.exhaustedD. frightened【答案】C10. 【题干】I have to apologize for my abrupt departure yesterday. 【选项】teB.unfriendlyC.suddenlyD.unfold【答案】C11. 【题干】He was obsessed with American horror movies.【选项】A.kept thinking aboutB.took advantage ofC.paid no attention toD.cared nothing about【答案】A12. 【题干】You accusation is wholly without foundation.【选项】A.almostB.probablypletelyD.evidently【答案】C13. 【题干】My room is really very cosy.【选项】A.coolfortableC.coldD.clean【答案】B14. 【题干】Some astronomers contend that the universe may be younger than previously believed.【选项】A.predictB.argueC.thinkD.suggest【答案】B15. 【题干】The woman living next door is extremely slender.【选项】A.tallB.weakC.slimD.pale【答案】C第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题l分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2015年职称英语考试卫生类B级概括大意模拟试题精选
Madame Curie1 On the eve of the International Women’s day on March 8th，1994，French President Mitterrand made the announcement that Madame Curie was soon to be admitted into the Pantheon—the memorial hall of the French national heroes．The decision, though ing 60 years late，is a great inspiration and gratification to the people．2 Madam Curie，born in Warsaw，Poland in 1867，is a French professor of physics，and was taught the value of learning and raised to a patriot by her parents．Due to her gender，she was not allowed admission into any Polish universities after graduating from high school．Eventually，with the monetary assistance of her elder sister，she moved to Paris and studied chemistry and physics at the Sorbonne，where she became the first woman to teach．Although Marie was not as well prepared as her fellow students through hard work she pleted master’s degrees in physics and math in only three years．It was at the Sorbonne that she met Pierre Curie who became her husband later．3 Just think of the hardship she and her husband went through in those hundreds of days in a damp shed when they tried to extract pure uranium．Madame Curie had to bear both the endless obsessions of strict working style and serious attitude and the excessive heavy work which even a strong man would find hardly possible to endure．Such was her mental and physical burden that Mr. Curie had sighed and said．“The life we’ve chosen is really too hard．”When the Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to Pierre and Marie Curie in 1903，the great honor quickly changed their lives．SorbonneUniversity found funds for a laboratory and Marie Curie was hired as “laboratory chief”．4 Unfortunately, in 1906 Mr. Curie was killed in a traffic accident．“It is impossible for me to express the profoundness of the crisis brought into my life by the loss of the one who had been my closest panion，”Madam Curie said sadly．Crushed by the blow，she did not feel able to face the future．She could not forget, however：what her husband used sometimes to say，“Even deprived of me，you ought to continue our work．She was left alone to bring up children and，at the same time，persisted in her giant research project on radium．5 She refused alI the honors and titles that she deserved and buried herself in science research．She received a second Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1911．So she became the first scientist in the world to win two Nobel Prizes．6 Since man’s civilization began，there have been very few women like Madame Curie who so perfectly bined the role of a scientist，a wife and mother．She joined with all readiness organization protecting the patents and copyrights of her fellow scientists．She says that scientists need protection while in laboratories the way a child needs it，so that they may be free from the worries of material life．This，if we may say S0，is Madame Curie’s transfer of maternal love to young scientists．1 Paragraph 22 Paragraph 33 Paragraph 44 Paragraph 5A.Loss of the beloved panionB. Maternal love to the fellow scientistsC. Days of hard studiesD. Honors given by academic organizationsE. Experiments at laboratoriesF. Deep mitment to scientific studies5 Curie’s parents brought her up and taught her to6 Curie worked so hard at school to7 Curie chose a hard life at the laboratory with her husband and she had to8 Curie suggested that scientists should be protected toA.endure the extra heavy workB. bee a person who showed great loyalty to her own countryC. enjoy the pure life freely without too much materialD. refuse the honors and titlesE. plete studies as a postgraduateF. express the significance of the crisis正确答案:BEAC BEACWays to Prevent Swine Flu1 It’s the single best way to not get sick, experts say. “No matter how well you wash your hands, you still have to breathe,”says Robert Belshe, MD, professor of medicine and pediatrics at the Saint Louis University School of Medicine and director of the vaccine center at Saint Louis University, which is conducting clinical trials for the swine flu vaccine. “If you breathe in flu aerosol particles—which are invisible and can travel as far as 10 feet—you’ll likely catch the flu.”That’s why vaccines are so important: They prime your body to mount aflu-fighting response before you’re even exposed.2 Even if you are exposed to swine flu (by using a germy pen at the post office, say), if you clean your hands before you touch your face, there’s little chance the germs can reach your eyes, nose, or mouth, the usual ways they enter your system and start wreaking havoc. “Washing hands is enormously effective,”says Wayne LaMorte, MD, a professor of epidemiology at the Boston University School of Public Health. One University of Michigan study found that regular hand washing can reduce respiratory illness transmission by more than 20%.3 It appears that kids in schools are the ground zero of swine flu spread. Children ages 5 to 19 are responsible for the most transmission. If a child contracts the flu, about 40 to 50% of her family will likely develop clinical flu symptoms. Teach kids to lather up with soap and water after using the bathroom, after sneezing or coughing, and before every meal and snack. (Stash a bottle of alcohol-based hand sanitizer in their backpacks; it’s a good substitute if they can’t get to a sink.) If the kids are doing a group project and share materials, tell them to wash afterward. Finally, show your child the right way to sneeze: into a tissue, ideally, or into his sleeve—not his hands.4 When was the last time you wiped down your desk or disinfected your phone? Chances are you don’t remember. About 41% of office workers say they rarely or never disinfect their desks, according to a new survey from Clorox in consultation with Corporate Wellness, Inc. To add to the sick factor, that’s despite the fact that two-thirds of people saythey eat lunch at their desks at least once or twice a week. If your unclean desk harbors germs, you can pick them up (and get sick) while shuffling papers or answering the phone—and especially when you lunch right on top of them. To play it safer this flu season, University of Arizona microbiologist Charles Gerba, PhD, remends that you use disinfectant spray or wipes. Schedule a standing reminder in your Outlook calendar to wipe down your desk after you eat.23Paragraph 124Paragraph 225Paragraph 326Paragraph 4A.Attention should be paid to kidsB. The right way to sneezeC. Vaccine-the best way to prevent the fluD. Importance of disinfection around youE. Hand washing works wellF. The right way of wiping your desk27If you breathe in flu aerosol particles,28If the germs don’t reach your eyes, nose, or mouth,29If your child contracts the flu,30If your unclean desk harbors germs,A.you are not likely to catch the fluB. you will probably catch the fluC. half of your family member go under the risk of catching the fluD. you are going to sneezeE. he or she may die soonF. you may pick them up when you eat lunch正确答案:CEAD BACFHypnosis1 Increasing numbers of American doctors are using a technique known as hypnosis. They say hypnosis often can help persons suffering pain and stress. It also can help speed the healing of burns, and treats some forms of asthma and some skin diseases. Hypnosis is not new. It has been used for many years both in scientific research and to please crowds at public gatherings.2 Hypnosis is monly described as a condition similar to sleep. But, experts say it is more a form of deep thought. The thought bees so intense that it is longer just a thought. To the person, it bees reality.3 Hypnotized patients are reported to have increased self-control and a reduced sense of pain. Some doctors use hypnosis to limit pain during a medical operation. Hypnosis is used mainly when the patient may have problems with usual anesthetic or pain-killing drugs.4 Experts say there is little chance that a patient will awaken during such an operation. But, if this happens, the operation is temporarily halted, and the patient hypnotized again. Doctors may advise hypnosis for women who are giving birth. Dentists may use it in place of traditional pain-killing drugs, such as movocaine.5 Hypnosis also has been used to treat burn victims. Researchers have found that burn victims who are hypnotized improve faster that those who are not. But, they are not sure why this happens.6 Hypnosis can reduce or end a patient’s pain. But expertssay this does not mean the patient is cured. The problem that caused the pain still must be treated.7 Experts also say persons cannot be forced to do something they would normally oppose. That is why hypnosis often is not effective in treating cigarette smokers and persons who eat or drink too much. The success of the technique depends on how much someone wants it to succeed.23 Paragraph 224 Paragraph 525 Paragraph 626 Paragraph 7A Hypnosis Can Reduce or End a Patient’s PainB Why Hypnosis Is Not Effective in TreatingCigarette Smokers and Some Other IllnessC Hypnosis Can Treat Burn VictimsD The Definition of HypnosisE The Function of HypnosisF The Importance of HypnosisA How much someone wants it to succeedB a form of deep thoughtC a condition similar to sleepD have increased self-control and a reduced sense of painE hypnosis can’t reduce or end a patient’s painF persons can’t be forced to do something they would normally oppose27 Hypnosis is monly described as .28 Hypnotized patients are reported to .29 Hypnosis is not effection in treating cigarette smokersand persons who eat or drink too much is because .30 The success of the technique depends on .答案：23 D 24 C 25 A 26 B 27 C 28 D 29 F 30 ABlasts from the Past1 Volcanoes were destructive in ancient history. Not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.2 Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large number of animals, but all the mass extinction cover the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do.3 Wignall calculated the “killing efficiency”for these volcanoes by paring the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.4 The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming that followed wiped out 80 percent of all marine genera at the time, and it took5 million years for the planet to recover.5 Yet 60 million years ago in the late Palaeocene there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear butthings returned to normal within ten thousands of years. “The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all,”Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous, 265 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid.6 Wignall thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2. Ocean chemistry may also have played a role. As the supercontinents broke up and exposed more coastline there may have been more weathering of silica rocks. This would have encouraged the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans, increasing the amount of CO2 absorbed from the atmosphere.7 Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall’s idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years.8 Courtillot also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide or sulphur dioxide emissions.23 Paragraph 2 _________24 Paragraph 3 _________25 Paragraph 4 _________26 Paragraph 5 _________A Killing Power of Ancient Volcanic EruptionsB Association of Mass Extinctions with VolcanicC Calculation of the Killing Power of Older EruptionsD A Mass ExtinctionE Volcanic Eruptions That Caused No Mass ExtinctionF Accounting for the Killing Power of Older Eruption27 Older eruptions were more devastating________________.28 The Permian extinction is used to illustrate________________.29 The cause of the extinction of dinosaurs ________________.30 Courtillor rejects ________________.A than more recent onesB the killing efficiency for older eruptionsC has remained controversialD Wignall’s calculations as acceptableE has been known to us allF his ideasFriendly Relations with the People Around1 You depend on all the people closely around to give you the warm feeling of belongingness (归属) that you must have to feel secure. But，in fact，the members of all the groups to which you belong also depend on you to give that feeling to them. A person who shows that he wants everything for himself is bound (一定的) to be a lonely wolf.2 The need for panionship is closely related to the need for a sense of belongingness. How sad and lonely your life would be if you had no one to share your feelings and experiences. You may take it for granted that there always willbe people around to talk to and to do things with you and for you. The important point，however，is that keeping emotionally healthy does not depend so much upon having people around you as upon your ability to establish relationships that are satisfying both to you and to them.3 Suppose you are in a crowd watching a football game. You don‘t know them. When the game is over，you will all go your separate ways. But just for a while you had a feeling of panionship，of sharing the feelings of others who were cheering for the team you wanted to win.4 An experience of this kind gives the clue (线索) to what panionship really is. It depends upon emotional ties of sympathy，understanding，trust，and affection. panions bee friends when ihese ties are formed.5 When you are thrown in a new circle of acquaintances (熟人)，you may not know with whom you will make friends，but you can be sure that you will be able to establish friendships if you show that you really like people.1. Paragraph 22. Paragraph 33. Paragraph 44. Paragraph 5A Making friends with new acquaintancesB Close link between panionship and belongingnessC How to satisfy other people’s needsDAn example of a satisfying relationshipE Difficulties in establishing friendshipsF What panionship really is5. If you had no one to share your feelings，your lifewould be______________.6. The warm feeling of belongingness may give you______________.7. The ability to establish fine relations with others will keep you______________.8. You will find it hard to make friends with people______________.A without pityB sad and lonelyC emotionally healthyD without real love for themE a sense of securityF a lonely wolf答案1. B2. D3. F4. A5. B6. E7. C8. D。
2015年职称英语《卫生类》练习题和答案(2套)
推荐：更多2015职称英语试题第一套题第一部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1 The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A explainedB inventedC consideredD accepted2 He talks tough but has a tender heart.A heavyB strongC kindD wild3 It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.A makingB takingC discussingD expecting4 Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.A wasteC useD sell5 The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.A functionB abilityC powerD volume6 Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A tenselyB nearlyC carefullyD closely7 Her faith upheld her in times of sadness.A supportedB excitedC inspiredD directed8 The book provides a concise analysis of the country's history.A cleanB perfectC real9 It is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their membership cards at all times.A suggestedB warnedC statedD confirmed10 The council meeting terminated at 2 o'clock.A beganB continuedC endedD resumed11 A red flag was placed there as a token of danger.A signB substituteC proofD target12 However bad the situation is, the majority is unwilling to risk change.A reluctantB eagerC pleasedD angry13 It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely regulateor enlarge an old one.A limitB controlC replaceD offset14 The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.A denyB investigateC stressD create15 The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.A graduallyB suddenlyC excessivelyD exceptionally词汇选项：ACCCD DADCC AABBA第二部分-阅读判断A Pay Rise or Not?"Unless I get a rise, I'll have a talk with the boss, Henry Manley," George Strong said to himself. George liked his job and he liked the town he lived in, but his wife kept telling him that his pay was not enough to meet the needs of the family. That was why he was thinking of taking a job in Birmingham, a nearby city, about 50 miles away. He had been offered a job in a factory there, and the pay was far better.George lived in Wyeford, a medium-sized town. He really liked the place and didn't likethe idea of moving somewhere else, but if he took the job in Birmingham, he would have to move his family there.Henry Manley was the manager of a small company manufacturing electric motors. The company was in deep trouble because, among other reasons, the Japanese were selling such things at very low prices. As a result, Manley had to cut his own prices and profits as well. Otherwise he would not get any orders at all. Even then, orders were still not coming in fast enough, so that there was no money for raises (加工资) for his workers Somehow, he had to struggle along and keep his best workers as well. He sighed. Just then the phone rang.His secretary told him that George Strong wanted to see him as soon as possible. Manley sighed again. He could guess what it was about. George Strong was a very young engineer. The company had no future unless it could attract and keep men like him Manley rubbed his forehead (前额); his problems seemed endless.1 Henry Manley was already deeply in debt.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2 The job that had been offered to George in Birmingham paid better.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3 If George took the job in Birmingham, he would have to leave his family at Wyeford.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4 Henry Manley's company was in deep trouble.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5 Henry Manley's company was making enough profits to raise the workers' wages.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6 Henry Manley had no idea at all why George Strong wanted to see him.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7 George Strong was the best engineer in Henry Manley's company.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned阅读判断：1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. C第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段1选择个最佳标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
职称英语卫生类概括大意模拟试卷3b
职称英语卫生类概括大意模拟试卷3b词汇：ginseng/5dVinseN/n．人参flaxseed/5flAkssi:d/n．亚麻籽prostate/5prCsteit/adj．前列腺(的)tumo(u)r/5tju:mE(r)/n．(肿)瘤rigorous/5ri^ErEs/adj.严格的, 严厉的,精密的complementary/kRmplE5mentErI/adj．补充的therapy/5WerEpi/n．疗法，治疗compound/5kCmpaund/n.混合物；化合物；复合物panel/ 5pAnl/n．小组;小组讨论；(美)(大会中的)小组委员会oncology/CN5kClEdVi, Cn-/n．肿瘤学oncologist/CN5kClEdVi, Cn-/n.肿瘤学家president-elect n．当选(尚未就职的)总统、主席lignin/l5li^nin/n．木素，木质素nutrient/5nju:triEnt/adj.有营养的n．营养物profile/5prEufail/n．侧面，轮廓prescribe/pris5kraib/v．开处方fiber/5faibE(r)/( fibre) n．纤维protective/prE5tektiv/adj.保护(性)的dose/dEus/n.．(一次)剂量fatigue/fE5ti:^/n.疲劳symptom/5simptEm/n.症状placebo/plE5si:bEu/n．安慰剂，安慰剂治疗potency/`pEJtEnsI/n．药物的效能和效力capsule/5kApsju:l/n.胶囊第1--4题1. Paragraph 2______.2. Paragraph 4______.3. Paragraph 5______.4. Paragraph 6______.第1--4题选项A The Motivation of Flaxseed StudyB The Study on Ginseng Displays Its Good PromiseC The Doctors' Responsibility Led Them to Carry Out These Two StudiesD Ginseng Is As Good to Cancer Patients As Flax seedE The Methods and Results of the Study on Flax- seedF A different opinion on the use of flaxseed第5--8题5. Doctors in the US wanted to know______.6. Both studies on flaxseed and ginseng show______.7. It is the unique nutrient profile of flaxseed______.8. In the ginseng trial the researchers tested the potency of ginseng______.第5--8题选项A that led the researchers in Duke's School of Nursing to study itB by giving different doses of the herb to patients with different cancersC whether the foods and supplements patients took every day were good or notD though both flaxseed and ginseng are all healthy alternative medicinesE that either of them is beneficial to cancer patientsF because we still have to see if flaxseed can prvent prosate caancer答案与题解：1．C 本段第一句及最后一句说得很清楚，医生必须了解病人所吃的东西究竟有益还是有害。
职称英语卫生A真题：概括大意
职称英语卫生A真题：概括大意2015年职称英语卫生A真题：概括大意1 You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are battling an Ebola outbreak. Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contracted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals. It is now believed that bats are the primary carries of the virus.2 To date, there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak: Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea. However, other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders.3 Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries you risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero. Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person. Specifically, Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though, the virus is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable.4 The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus. Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat.5 Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body. This causes an overstimulation of the body’s inflammatory response, causing the flu-lik e symptoms. The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the body’s normal clotting mechanism (凝血机制), making bleeding even more severe. Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion (器官灌注)ultimately lead to organfailure and death.6 The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years. While diseases such as the malaria (疟疾) are far more communicable, Ebola is one of the world’s most fatal viral infections. Ebola’s fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.23. paragraph 2_______24. paragraph 3_______25. paragraph 4_______26. paragraph 5_______A. Am I at risk ofcontracting the virus?B. is the currentoutbreak the deadliest?C. How do know ifhave contracted the virus?D. What areas arecurrently affected?E. What exactlydoes Ebola do to the body?F. What caused theEbola outbreak?27.The initialEbola outbreak was found in_______.28.The differencebetween SARS and Ebola viruses lies in_______.29.The symptoms ofthe patients after being infected may first appear_______.30.The Ebola virustransmits by contact with_______.A. infected bodyfluidsB. against theoutbreak severityC. the mode oftransmissionD. the initialdays of being infectedE. three countriesin West AfricaF. within a widerange of days更多推荐：2015年职称英语成绩查询时间、查询入口。
2015年职称英语考试卫生类概括大意模拟试题精选
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子。
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第1-4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5-8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。
English and English munity1 There is no doubt that English is a useful language.The people who speak English today make up the largest speech munity in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese.2 A speech munity is similar to other kinds of munities.The people who make up the munity share a mon language.Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood (街坊)，a village，or a city.More often they form a whole country.National boundaries，however，are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech munity.A speech munity is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.3 We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech munity.For convenience(方便)，we may divide the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers 1earn English as a second language for the purpose of education，merce，and so on.4 Learning a second language extends one's vision and expands the mind.The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional(虚构的)lives of people and their culture;a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel.Learning English as a second language provides another means of munication through which the window of the entire English speech munitybees a part of our heritage.23 Paragraph 1___________ .24 Paragraph 2___________ .25 Paragraph 3___________ .26 Paragraph 4___________ .A Threat Posed by EnglishB Definition of a Speech munityC Benefits of Learning a Second LanguageD Advantages of Learning ChineseE Two Groups of the English Speech munityF A Widely Used Language27 Overall there are more speakers of Chinese than of ___________28 The boundaries of a speech munity may be different from ___________ .29 People who live in different places may belong to ___________ .30 Many people learn English as ___________ .A a second languageB the same languageC the same speech munityD any other languageE national boundariesF a part of one's heritage参考答案：F B E C D E C AFord1 Ford’s great strength was the manufacturing process--not invention．Long before he started a car pany, hewas a worker, known for picking up pieces of metal and wire and turning them into machines．He started putting cars together in 1891 Although it was by no means the first popular automobile，the Model T showed the world just how creative Ford was at bining technology and market．2 The pany’s assembly line alone threw America’s Industrial Revolution into overdrive (高速运转)．Instead of having workers put together the entire car, Ford’s friends, who were great toolmakers from Scotland，organized teams that added parts to each Model T as it moved down a line．By the time Ford’s Highland Park plant was humming(嗡嗡作响)along in 1914，the world’s first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes．3 The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the $5一a—day minimum wage scheme, the greatest contribution he had ever made．The average wage in the auto industry then was $2．34 for a 9-hour shift．Ford not only doubled that，he also took an hour off the workday．In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much for doing something that didn’t involve all awful lot of training or education．The Wall Street Journal called the plan “an economic crime”，and critics everywhere laughed at Ford．4 But as the wage increased later to daily $10, it proveda critical ponent of Ford’s dream to make the automobile accessible(可及的)to a11．The critics were too stupid to understand that BECause Ford had lowered his costs per car, the higher wages didn’t matter---except for making it possible for more people to buy Cars．23 Paragraph 1___________．24 Paragraph 2___________．25 Paragraph 3___________．26 Paragraph 4___________．A Ford’s OpponentsB The Assembly LineC Ford’s Great DreamD The Establishment of the panyE Ford’s Biggest ContributionF Ford’s Great Talent27 The assembly line made it possible to___________．28 Ford was the first to adopt___________．29 Ford’s cars became available to ordinary people thanks to___________．30 Ford’s higher-wage and lower-cost strategy was strongly___________．A criticized by the mediaB the low wage in the auto industryC their lower pricesD produce cars in large numbersE the 8.hour shiftF bined technology and market答案：FBEC DECAScreen Test1 Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.2 But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.3 Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the women’s cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.4 The mathematical model remended by Britain’s National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific mittee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.5 The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant”pared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.6 But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimize the technique”for breast cancer screening.7 “There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits ofbreast screening and its risks,”admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. “On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. That’s why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening programme.”23 Paragraph 2 __________24 Paragraph 3 __________25 Paragraph 4 __________26 Paragraph 5 __________A Harm Screening May Do to a Younger WomanB Investing the Effect of ScreeningC Effects Predicted by Two Different ModelsD Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from RadiationE Treatment of CancersF Factors That Trigger Cancers27 Early discovery of breast cancer may .28 Advantages of screening women under 50 are .29 Delaying the age at which screening starts may .30 Radiation exposure should be .A be costlyB harmfulC save a lifeD still open to debateE reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancerF reduced to the minimum答案：ABCD CDEF1. Large panies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem on a smaller scale, facespractically every pany to develop new products and create new jobs.2. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So panies turn to the public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. This they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through The Stock Exchange. By doing so they can put into circulation the savings of individuals and institutions, both at home and overseas.3. When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the pany with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.4. Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could not function. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The Government, local authorities, andnationalized industries therefore frequently need to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they, too, e to The Stock Exchange.5. There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his/her employers to raise money to finance newdevelopment. In one way or another, this new money must e from the savings of the country. The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.23. Paragraph 2_________.24. Paragraph 3_________.25. Paragraph 4_________.26. Paragraph 5_________.A. The way panies reaching the savingsB. Why stock exchange es into beingC. The function of stock exchangeD. How the savers take their money backE. Another factor which affects stock exchangeF. How to use stock27. Almost all panies involved in new production and development must depend on________.28. The money which enables these panies to go ahead with their projects is raised_________.29. All the essential services on which we depend are_________.30. The stock exchange makes it possible for the Government, local authorities and nationalized industries to raise_________.A. a more successful panyB. in constant need of financial supportC. as much money as they wishD. the population as a whole for financeE. by the selling of shares in the paniesF. to finance new development参考答案：23.B 24.D 25.E 26.C 27.B 28.E 29.B 30.FElectromagnetic Energy1 White light seems to be a bination of all colors.The energy that es from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see.Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light.On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool.Visible light and the kinds of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.2 The sun is 93 million miles from the earth.Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space.3 Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy.Radio,television,and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low energy electromagnetic waves.Infrared(红外线的) radiation is an electromagnetic wave.When it is absorbed by matter,heat is produced.Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio,television,or radar.Ultraviolet rays(紫外线) and X rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy.Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings.Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living.Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms.X rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel right through solid objects.They can be used to detect and treat cancer.X rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal,and in medicine to reveal broken bones.4 Usually we use electricity to generate electromagneticenergy.The source of most of our energy is the sun.Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate.When the water falls to the earth as rain,some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators.Other generators are powered by coal,but the energy stored in coal came from the sun,too.5 Until recently,the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle.If the sun depended on chemical reactions,it would have used up all its energy long ago.Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy.About forty years after the theory was proposed,nuclear energy was harnessed(利用) by man.Chemical energy es from electron(电子) rearrangement.Nuclear energy es from a change in the nucleus of an atom.pared with chemical reactions,nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel.We now believe that the sun's energy es from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium(氦).6 Nuclear energy is beginning to pete with coal as an economical source of power to generate electricity.It is also being used to operate engines in large ships.Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.23. Paragraph 324. Paragraph 425. Paragraph 526. Paragraph 6A. The Most Important Source of EnergyB. Types of Electromagnetic EnergyC. The Machines Used for Energy GenerationD. Seeking New Sources of EnergyE.The Use of Ultraviolet Radiation in MedicineF.Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Sun's Energy27. One can get a sunburn even .28. Infrared radiation can produce heat .29. X rays and gamma rays can be used to detect and treat cancer .30. Chemical energy is generated .A. when it is cloudyB. because they can pass through solid objectsC. when the sun rays are fierceD. when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes placeE. when electron rearrangement takes placeF. when it is absorbed by matter答案：23. B 24. A2 5. F 26. D 27. A 28. F 29. B 30. ELife Abroad1 At first thought, the task of preparing to begin life away from home can seem daunting, if not overwhelming. Being surrounded by an unfamiliar culture, environment and social norms, while being away from family and friends, is something which more and more Chinese students experience in the quest to gain a western education. The following five steps may prove useful in assisting the students in their preparations to study overseas.2 There is no substitute for good preparation. Arm yourself with background knowledge by researching information about the country you are going to. Thanks to the Internet, most of this can be found at the click of a button. Ifyou are fortunate enough to make the acquaintance of a foreign native (from the country you wish to study in), be sure to ask them as many questions as possible on things such as good places to live, the cost of transport or important celebrations during the year. The information they provide would most likely not be published in any textbooks or tourist magazines.3 Don't underestimate the power of the mind in determining how events turn out. Decide how to approach any situation, before you are placed in it. Positive thoughts about your new circumstances and a positive attitude toward your new home and hosts will bring positive results. Don't lose your chances at being happy and successful in your future study and new life before they have even started.4 It's not easy being practical when deciding what to pack and there is always that temptation to bring cherished personal belongings such as books, letters or fluffy（绒毛的）toys. Whatever you bring, make sure that it will be something that you think might help your chances of succeeding. This includes practical items such as study materials, old class notes, favorite textbooks or pens and even the contact details of previous teachers.5 Contact people you care about before and after. You area person with feelings and relocating overseas is a big event. Talk to your close friends and family about your thoughts, dreams and fears for your new venture before you leave and make sure you keep in regular contact after you arrive and during your time away. Sharing the experience always halves any burdens and doubles the excitement of any achievements.Besides, with the ease and convenience of municating via the Internet nowadays, there is no excuse not to keep in touch!6 Learn from all experiences. Value both your achievements and disappointments as learning experiences that can be applied to future situations in life. Value all positive outes and more importantly, don't take negative outes at face value（票面价值），Instead, try to see the lessons in mistakes and turn them into opportunities for future improvement. Opportunities are present all the time, but often they go by hundred. Recognizing opportunities is a skill which anyone can learn through practice and patience.1 Paragraph 22 Paragraph 33 Paragraph 44 Paragraph 6A.Attitude is importantB. Remember your rootsC. Get to know your new home in advanceD. Take opportunities as they eE. Pack using your head and your heartF. Get enough money when you are abroad5 When you want to get information about the place where you go, you16 When you are dealing with the new situation, you7 When you are packing, you8 When you are overseas, for the families and friends at home, you .A.should learn from the experiences and try to grasp the opportunitiesB. should bring something helpful for your chances of successC. should keep in touch with them very oftenD. should take some active thoughts and attitudesE. can find some part-time jobs to get them enough moneyF. can ask a foreign native as many questions as possibleSoot and Snow: a Hot bination1 New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow. According to a puter simulation, black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century.2 Soot in the higher latitudes of the Earth, where ice is more mon, absorbs more of the sun’s energy and warmth than an icy, white background. Dark-colored black carbon, or soot, absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight.3 Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change. Also, if snow and ice covered areas begin melting, the warming effect increases, as the soot bees more concentrated on the snow surface. “This provides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheets melt, they tend to get even dirtier,”said Dr. James Hansen, a researcher at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York.4 Hansen found soot’s effect on snow albedo (solar energy reflected back to space), which1 may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, such as thinning Arctic sea ice, melting glaciers andpermafrost. Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land.5 “Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space, thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon2,”Hansen said. Soot’s increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the world’s climate. “This forcing is unusually effective, causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude,”Hansen noted.6 Hansen cautioned, although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial, it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century.3 Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing for the rest4 of this century.7 The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes. These observations were consistent with the researchers’climate model simulations, which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover5 and sufficient sunlight.1. Paragraph 32. Paragraph 43. Paragraph 64. Paragraph 7A Soot’s Role in Changes in the Climate and the AtmosphereB Observations of Warming in the Northem HemisphereC Explanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused bySootD Effort to Reduce Snow AlbedoE Ways to Reduce Soot EmissionF Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of Global Warming5. In the twentieth century, soot .6. Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases .7. Black soot covered snow and ice .8. A soot forcing is unusually effective which .A produces much more global warming than a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitudeB contributed to 25 percent of observed global warmingC can produce greenhouse gasesD absorb more of sun’s energy and warmth than white backgroundE still surpass soot in warming the world’s climate during the last centuryF can be seen mostly in the Northern Hemisphere答案：CAFB BEDAMilk Drinking1 People everywhere drink milk．Most people drink cows’milk. In different parts of the world some people also use the milk of goats，buffaloes，sheep，horses，donkeys，camels，zebras, or reindeer．2 Milk has most things needed for helping people grow and keep well. Its three main parts are water，fatty matter，and other matter. These three food parts are easily used by the body．They build bones，teeth，and blood．They make the skin clear and the eyes bright，and they help repair worn-out or hurt body parts.3 Many animals feed their newly born babies milk from the mothers’own bodies．It takes the place of the blood that carried food to the babies before they were born．In this way milk works like blood．But it doesn’t have the same red color．4 Cows’milk is used mainly as a food．When it is used fresh it is first heated to kill germs．Then it is put into bottles or hard paper boxes．Some milk is canned or dried．This allows it to be kept longer．This means you can keep it in your house for many months．If you need milk every day，you just open a can or package．Some people like this better than going to the store every day．Milk is also made into buttermilk，cheese，butter，ice cream，and other foods．Foods made from milk are called dairy foods．5 Parts of milk are made into many things that have nothing to do with food．Among these are cold-water paints，face creams，buttons，bs，knife and brush handles medicines，and toys．It has many more uses than most people ever dream of．Think of that the next time you drink a glass of milk．1 Paragraph 12 Paragraph 23 Paragraph 44 Paragraph 5rmation about dairy foodsB. Usage of milk in food industryC. Daily allowance of milk drinkingD. Usage of milk in non-food industryE. Different types of milkF. Nutritious stuff in milk and the function5 In different parts of the world, people6 The nutritious stuff in milk7 When fresh milk is used, first we’d better8 Diary foodsA.does good to human body and healthB. heat it to kill something harmful to human bodiesC. are different from the colour of bloodD. prefer cows’milk onlyE. use different types of milkF. are produced from milk正确答案:EFBD EABFLife Abroad1 At first thought, the task of preparing to begin life away from home can seem daunting, if not overwhelming. Being surrounded by an unfamiliar culture, environment and social norms, while being away from family and friends, is something which more and more Chinese students experience in the quest to gain a western education. The following five steps may prove useful in assisting the students in their preparations to study overseas.2 There is no substitute for good preparation. Arm yourself with background knowledge by researching information about the country you are going to. Thanks to the Internet, most of this can be found at the click of a button. If you are fortunate enough to make the acquaintance of a foreign native (from the country you wish to study in), be sure to ask them as many questions as possible on things such as good places to live, the cost of transport or important celebrations during the year. The information they provide would most likely not be published in any textbooks or touristmagazines.3 Don't underestimate the power of the mind in determining how events turn out. Decide how to approach any situation, before you are placed in it. Positive thoughts about your new circumstances and a positive attitude toward your new home and hosts will bring positive results. Don't lose your chances at being happy and successful in your future study and new life before they have even started.4 It's not easy being practical when deciding what to pack and there is always that temptation to bring cherished personal belongings such as books, letters or fluffy（绒毛的）toys. Whatever you bring, make sure that it will be something that you think might help your chances of succeeding. This includes practical items such as study materials, old class notes, favorite textbooks or pens and even the contact details of previous teachers.5 Contact people you care about before and after. You area person with feelings and relocating overseas is a big event. Talk to your close friends and family about your thoughts, dreams and fears for your new venture before you leave and make sure you keep in regular contact after you arrive and during your time away. Sharing the experience always halves any burdens and doubles the excitement of any achievements. Besides, with the ease and convenience of municating via the Internet nowadays, there is no excuse not to keep in touch!6 Learn from all experiences. Value both your achievements and disappointments as learning experiences that can be applied to future situations in life. Value all positive outes and more importantly, don't take negative outes at facevalue（票面价值），Instead, try to see the lessons in mistakes and turn them into opportunities for future improvement. Opportunities are present all the time, but often they go by hundred. Recognizing opportunities is a skill which anyone can learn through practice and patience.1 Paragraph 22 Paragraph 33 Paragraph 44 Paragraph 6A.Attitude is importantB. Remember your rootsC. Get to know your new home in advanceD. Take opportunities as they eE. Pack using your head and your heartF. Get enough money when you are abroad5 When you want to get information about the place where you go, you6 When you are dealing with the new situation, you7 When you are packing, you8 When you are overseas, for the families and friends at home, you .A.should learn from the experiences and try to grasp the opportunitiesB. should bring something helpful for your chances of successC. should keep in touch with them very oftenD. should take some active thoughts and attitudesE. can find some part-time jobs to get them enough moneyF. can ask a foreign native as many questions as possibleSwine Flu Outbreak1 From its name, swine influenza is a viral disease transmitted among pigs. This is a respiratory disease that circulates within pig populations, but certain outbreaks occur on cold season, on winter and fall, just like how ordinary flu affects human beings.2 Swine flu infects human beings and over two thousand cases of affected individuals confirm that swine flu is indeed something to be taken seriously. Normally, swine flu is not transmitted to humans. But within the bodies of swine, a process called the antigenic shift make swine flu a very contagious disease not only among pigs but also among us, people. Pigs are not only carriers of ordinary swine flu viruses, they are also carriers of other animals’viruses- such as of birds and of human beings. This ordinary human flu can turn into a human-infecting swine flu once bined with other flu viruses. As different types of viruses are being carried by pigs, viruses may reassort and swap genes with each other to develop a new strain of flu virus. This evolved virus is now being responsible for the present swine flu epidemic.3 Swine flue affects people like the ordinary flu such as sore throat, cough, nasal congestion, fever, headache, chills body aches, and fatigue. Some patients also reported diarrhea and vomiting as symptoms. Although swine flu is curable with some drugs, about 150 deaths that were caused by swine flu have been reported.4 To prevent swine flu, people should take personal health precautions such as cleaning one’s hands and other hygienic。
职称英语卫生类概括大意练习试题
职称英语卫生类概括大意练习试题职称英语卫生类概括大意练习试题在学习上做一眼勤、手勤、脑勤，就可以成为有学问的人。
以下是我为大家搜寻整理的职称英语卫生类概括大意练习试题，期望对正在关注的您有所帮忙!更多精彩内容请准时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第1-4题要求从所给的'6个选项中为第1-4段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5-8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。
概括大意与完成句子题ZYBAN Tablets(药片)1 ZYBAN is a prescription (处方) medicine to help people quit smoking. Studies have shown that more than one third of people quit smoking for at least one month while taking ZYBAN. For many patients, ZYBAN reduces withdrawal symptoms (脱瘾过程中产生的症状) and the strong wish to smoke.2 ZYBAN should be taken as directed by your doctor. The usual recommended dosing(剂量) is to take one 150-mg tablet in the morning for the first3 days. On the fourth day, begin taking one 150-mg tablet in the morning and one 150-mg tablet in the early evening. Doses should be taken at least 8 hours apart.采集者退散3 For most patients, treatment will last 7 to 12 weeks. Because results vary, it may take longer for some people, Possibly up to 6 months depending on the individual. If youve been smoking for a long time, ZYBAN will help to reduce withdrawal symptoms. Its important to remain on ZYBAN for at least 7 to 12 weeks in order to quit for good. Your doctor should determine when to stop taking ZYBAN4 It takes about 1 week for ZYBAN to reach the right levels in your body to be effective So, to increase your chance of quitting as much as possible, you should not stop smoking until you have been taking ZYBAN for 1 week. You should set a date to stop smoking during the second week youre taking ZYBAN.5 The side effects (副作用) associated with ZYBAN are generally mild and often disappear after a few weeks. The most common side effects are dry mouth and difficulty in sleeping. If you have difficulty sleeping, avoid taking your medicine too close to bedtime1 Paragraph 2__________ .2 Paragraph 3__________ .3 Paragraph 4__________ .4 Paragraph 5__________ .A How should I take ZYBAN?B What is ZYBAN?C What are the side effects of taking ZYBAN?D Who invented ZYBAN?E How long should I take ZYBAN?F How long does it take for ZYBAN to work?5 For the first 3 days, ZYBAN should be taken__________ .6 To quit smoking for good, you should take ZYBANfor__________ .7 The time it takes for ZYBAN to be effective is__________ .8 The side effects of taking ZYBAN often go away__________ .A only once a dayB around 8 hoursC at least 7 to 12 weeksD on the fourth dayE about 1 weekF after a few weeks1. A2. E3. F4. C5. A6. C7. E8. F文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
职称英语考试《卫生类》概括大意练习题附答案
你若盛开，蝴蝶自来。
职称英语考试《卫生类》概括大意练习题附答案职称英语考试《卫生类》概括大意练习题附答案Messages from the Media1. The weather forecast,a story about the candidates in an election,and movie reviews are examples of messages from the media. A communication medium,of which the plural （复数的）form is media,is a means of communicating a message. Examples of media are television,radio,newspapers and books and the telephone. The media that can reach many people at once are called mass media.2. It is not difficult to think of other messages we receive through the mass media. Every day we get hundreds of them. Think about advertisements,for example. We see and hear these messages almost everywhere we go. Advertisements are important messages,even though they are sometimes annoying. They help us compare and evaluate products.3. Most of us get more information from the media than from the classroom. Think,for a moment,about how you learn about local news and events. Do you depend on other people or the media?What about international news?What is the most important source of information for you?People who are asked this question usually answer,Television.4. Think of all the messages you received today. Perhaps you read a newspaper during breakfast,or maybe you read第1页/共3页千里之行，始于足下。
2015年职称英语(卫生类)C级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2015年职称英语（卫生类）C级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词汇选项 2. 阅读判断 3. 概括大意与完成句子 4. 阅读理解 5. 补全短文6. 完形填空词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。
1．It is prudent to start any exercise program gradually at first.A．workableB．sensibleC．possibleD．feasible正确答案：B解析：句意：任何项目起初都要循序渐进地开始锻炼，这是明智的做法。
prudent意为“精明的，谨慎的”，与sensible意为“明智的，理智的”，意思最为相近，故选B。
workable可行的：possible可能的；feasible可行的。
2．The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison.A．messageB．punishmentC．guiltD．obligation正确答案：B解析：句意：该法律的刑罚最高判三年监禁。
penalty意为“刑罚，惩罚”，punishment意为“惩罚”，意思最为相近，故选B。
message信息；guilt犯罪；obligation义务。
3．These products are inferior to those we bought last year.A．poorer thanB．narrower thanC．larger thanD．richer than正确答案：A解析：句意：这些产品比我们去年买的质量差。
inferior to意为“不如，次于”，poorer than意为“比……更差”，意思最为相近，故选A。
narrower than比……更窄；larger than比……更大；richer than比……更富有。
职称英语《卫生类》概括大意专项练习的总结
职称英语《卫生类》概括大意专项练习的总结rge panies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large.The same problem on a smaller scale，faces practically every pany to develop new products and create new jobs.2.There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know，and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance，they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects.So panies turn to the public，inviting people to lend them money，or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits.This they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through The Stock Exchange.By doing so they can put into circulation the savings of individuals and institutions，both at home and overseas.3.When the saver needs his money back，he does not have to go to the pany with whom he originally placedit.Instead，he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.4.Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities.Without hospitals，roads，electricity，telephones，railways，this country could not function.All these require continuous spending on new equipment and newdevelopment if they are to serve us properly，requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone.The Government，local authorities，andnationalized industries therefore frequently need to borrow money to finance major capital spending，and they，too，e to The Stock Exchange.5.There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his/her employers to raise money to finance new development.In one way or another，this new money must e from the savings of the country.The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.1.Paragraph2.2.Paragraph3.3.Paragraph4.4.Paragraph5.A.The way panies reaching the savingsB.Why stock exchange es into beingC.The function of stock exchangeD.How the savers take their money backE.Another factor which affects stock exchangeF.How to use stock5.Almost all panies involved in new production and development must depend on.6.The money which enables these panies to go ahead with their projects is raised.7.All the essential services on which we depend are.8.The stock exchange makes it possible for the Government，local authorities and nationalized industries to raise.A.a more suessful panyB.in constant need of financial supportC.as much money as they wishD.the population as a whole for financeE.by the selling of shares in the paniesF.to finance new development1.B2.D3.E4.C5.B6.E7.B8.F。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Are You a Successful Leader?Almost nothing we do in this word is done in isolation.At work or at play,you’ll find yourself in groups,working with other people:your team at work,a meeting with colleagues,your family,a holiday with friends,a group of students working together,a day out walking in the mountains,a group of neighbors wanting to make changes.It is now recognized that being able to work successfully with other people is one of the major keys to success.Partly because we need to do it so often.In almost every situation where you’re in a group,you will need a skilled leader.All groups need leaders and all successful groups have good leaders.Groups without leaders or with weak leaders almost always break down.Members of a leaderless group often begin to feel dissatisfied and frustrated.Time is wasted and the tasks are not achieved.There are often arguments and tensions between people as there is nobody to keep the goals clear.Some personalities dominate and other disappears.Often group members begin not to come to meetings in order to avoid more disharmony.Some people are natural leaders.The celebrity chef, Antonio Carlucci says,“True leaders a re born and you can spot them in kitchens.”They’re people who combine toughness,fairness and humour.Although a lot of people agree that there are some natural–born leaders,most people now recognize that leadership can also be taught.Our professional and experienced staff can train almost anyone how to be a successful leader. Good leaders don’t make people do things in a bossy, controlling way.You can learn how to involve everyone, encouraging the whole group to work towards a common goal.Our training courses use activities and techniques to develop a range of qualities which are necessary to be a good leader.Self-confidence is vital and being able to overcome your own fears about being a leader.Successful leaders also need to be calm and intelligent.They need to be able to work out good strategies and make sound judgments under pressure. Lastly,and probably most importantly,good leaders need to be sensitive,sociable and be able to get on with a wide range of people.Good leadership is essentially the ability to influence others and good leaders allow all members of the group to contribute.23.Paragraph1__________.24.Paragraph2__________.25.Paragraph3__________.26.Paragraph4__________.A.A good leader needs a variety of qualities.B.These techniques are used to train leaders.C.Training can make good leaders.D.Most of good leader are natural-born.E.It’s important to have a good leader.F.People are in groups.27.One of the major keys to success is____.28.Groups often break down because of____.29.Good leaders always avoid_____.30.Self-confidence is the key to____.A.the ability to work with others.B.encouraging group membersck of good leadersD.bossing people aroundE.working out good strategiesF.overcoming fears about being a leaderThe Role of Governments1Governments determine the legal framework that sets the basic meets for the ownership of property and the operation of markets.In addition governments at all levels regulate economic behavior,setting detailed rules for the operation of businesses.Such regulations apply to all businesses;examplesinclude laws against fraud and racial discrimination.2Governments buy and produce many goods and services,such as defense,education,parks,and roads,which they provide for firms and households.They typically buy computers but write programs they need to operate ernments also produce and sell goods.In many countries the phone company is government?owned,like the electric system.3Governments also make transfer payments,such as Social Security and unemployment benefits to individuals.Transfer payments are payments for which no current economic goods or service is provided in return and therefore do not represent expenditure(支出)for the purchase of final products.A firefighter’s salary is not a transfer payment,but welfare benefits are.4Governments pay for the goods they buy and for the transfer payments they make mostly by collecting taxes, including personal income taxes,property taxes,social insurance taxes,and sales taxes.Over60%of the government revenue in the U.S.is collected by the federal government. This does not include taxes collected by state and city governments.5Every market economy suffers from business cycles.Governments,through their control of taxes and government spending and through their ability to control the quantity of money,often attempt to modify fluctuations(波动)in the business cycle.For instance,the government may reduce taxes in a recession(萧条)in the hope that people will increase spending and thus raise the GNP.23Paragraph224Paragraph325Paragraph426Paragraph5A Collecting TaxesB Making Transfer PaymentsC Making Laws and RegulationsD Buying and Selling Goods and ServicesE Stabilizing the EconomyF Controlling the Market27Governments regulate economic behavior,and the regulations.28Besides buying and producing services,governments also.29The government revenue in the U.S.is collected by the federal government and.30The government may reduce taxes in a recession in order to.A apply to all businessB raise the GNPC state and city governmentD reduce spendingE modify flutuations in the business cycleF produce and sell goodsSafe Coffee Drinking of Pregnant Women1researchers found no evidence of a link between prematurity,birth weight and the amount of caffeine consumed by mothers-to-be.2previous studied suggested caffeine might harm unborn babies as is stays in the system longer in pregnant women, passing easily to a growing baby.Health officials have warned that a high caffeine intake could affect birth weight or the chance of having a miscarriage,pregnant women are advised against drinking more than four cups of coffee a day-or six cups of tea.3the study,by the university of Aarhus in Denmark,recruited more than1,000women before they were20 week’s pregnant,who drank at least three cups of coffee a day.The group was split into two,with568women drinking ordinary instant coffee and629drinking decaffeinated.The authors then monitored the birth weight of1,150newborn babies and the length of pregnancy for the babies.4the study,published by the British Medical Journal, found“no significant difference”between the two groups for birth weight or length of pregnancy.The researchers concluded that a moderate reduction in caffeine intake in the second half of pregnancy had“no effect”on the outcome.5the women were not told what type of coffee they were drinking,and the research was adjusted to take into account factors such as age,weight and whether the women smoked.When the adjustments were made,the average weight of babies born to women in the decaffeinated group was a mere16g higher than those born to women in the caffeinated group,the study said. The average difference in the length of pregnancy was less than two days.6A spokeman for the British Coffee Association said:”this new study is very interesting and supports the consistent advice given that pregnant women should stick to a safe upper limit-in line with guidance issued by the Food Standards Agency. This equates to three cups of brewed,or four cups of instantcoffee.”A debate about caffeine intakeB experiment done on the influence of caffeineCeffect of caffeine intake on babies and pregnancy.D traditional ideas and warnings about caffeineE scientific caffeine allowanceF advantages of caffeine intake23paragraph2___________________24paragraph3__________________25paragraph5___________________26paraghaph6___________________27according to the health officials,a High caffeine intake___________.28it is advised by the officials that a Pregnant woman___________.29the study conducted by university of Aarhus________________.30According the new study,a pregnant woman________________.A should drink moderate cups of coffee and tea.B showed little difference in the length of pregnancy from the two groupsC should keep away from the instant coffee and tea.D increased the possibility of abortion.E should drink no more than three cups of brewed coffee.参考答案：D B C E D A B E答案解析：23D第二段提到了以前的关于孕妇摄入咖啡因的调查结果和一些鉴于该研究基础上对于孕妇的忠告。