HE-南昌
南昌滕王阁英语导游词
南昌滕王阁英语导游词滕王阁主体建筑净高57.5米，建筑面积13000平方米。
该阁始建于唐永徽四年(公元653年)。
1989年10月8日，第二十九次重建的滕王阁胜利落成。
接下来是小编为大家整理的关于南昌滕王阁英语导游词，方便大家阅读与鉴赏!南昌滕王阁英语导游词1"Sunset and lone flocks fly together, autumn water grows in the same color in the sky." this is an eternal sentence that I will recite long ago. This summer vacation, I went back to my hometown Nanchang, and finally got a chance to board the famous Tengwang Pavilion.Tengwang pavilion was first built in Tang Dynasty. It has been destroyed and built for more than a thousand years. Up to now, it has been built 28 times. It is said that "prosperity of the country means prosperity of the building.". Tengwang pavilion has unique architectural features, with the momentum of "flying Pavilion, flowing elixir, facing no land". Therefore, it is famous all over the world and well known by the public, attracting many celebrities to visit here and recite poems. Wang Bo's "preface to Tengwang Pavilion" broke through the sky and made a great success. It has won the favor of more than ten generations and is regarded as a rare masterpiece through the ages. Han Yu, a litterateur, wrote: "the south of the Yangtze River is full of beauty, and Tengwang Pavilion is the first, which is called magnificent and unique." Therefore, it has the reputation of "the first building in Jiangxi". Because its height and area are better than other lofts, it is listed as the first of the three famous buildings in Jiangnan.The basement of Tengwang Pavilion is divided into nine floors. Each floor has more than ten eaves, which are tiltedupward. It looks like a lone duck spreading its wings to fly. Entering the attic is like being in an art palace with the theme of Tengwang Pavilion. In the main hall on the first floor, there is a large-scale white jade relief "when the wind comes to send tengwangge", which shows Wang Bo's "preface to tengwangge", skillfully integrates the moving legend of tengwangge with historical facts. The main hall on the second floor is a large-scale meticulous heavy color mural "portrait of outstanding people", which depicts 80 Jiangxi celebrities from the Qin Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty. This is as the acme of perfection, the fourth floor of the Jiangxi mountain and the earth's soul. The fifth layer is the best place to show the history of tengwangge with pen and ink, in which the famous preface to tengwangge written by Wang Bo written by Su Dongpo. When you climb to the top floor, you can feel the river flowing through the bottom of the building. Although you don't see the magnificent scenery of "sunset and lone ducks flying together, autumn water is the same color in the sky", you can get a panoramic view of the whole Nanchang City: the straight and majestic Bayi Bridge, the wide and beautiful Qiushui Square, and the high-rise and modern Honggutan Development Zone This is my hometown of outstanding people!The magnificent T engwang Pavilion is changing with each passing day. You will witness the take-off of Nanchang, the ancient city. I wish you always beautiful!南昌滕王阁英语导游词2Dear members, we have come to T engwang Pavilion, the most famous historical scenic spot in Jiangxi Province. T ogether with Yueyang Tower in Hunan Province and Yellow Crane Tower in Hubei Province, Tengwang Pavilion is known as the "three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River". Now pleasefollow my steps to appreciate the first floor of Xijiang. Tengwang pavilion was built in 653 A.D. when Li Yuanying, son of Li Yuan, Emperor Gaozu of Tang Dynasty, was appointed as the governor of Hongzhou. It is the only royal building in the south. Because Teng King Li Yuanying was granted the title of Tengzhou in Zhenguan years, he became Teng king. He built a loft in Tengzhou and named it "Tengwang Pavilion". Later, he transferred to Hongzhou in Jiangnan and built a powerful Pavilion, which is still called "Tengwang Pavilion". This is also known as Tengwang Pavilion in Jiangxi. The T engwang pavilion that we can see at a glance is three stories, but in fact it is nine stories. Why is this? In fact, it is an imitation of Song Dynasty architectural style, adopting the architectural style of "three bright and seven dark". The so-called "three bright and seven dark" means that from the outside, there are only three storeys with cloisters. In fact, there are seven storeys inside, plus two basements, a total of nine storeys. Zhenzhen is an ancient mansion. In 1942, the reason why Tengwang Pavilion today is a Song Dynasty style building was that Mr. Liang Sicheng, a master of ancient architecture, together with his disciple Mo Zongjiang, drew eight "plans for rebuilding Tengwang Pavilion" according to the Old Song Dynasty paintings of "Tianlai Pavilion". In the 29th reconstruction, the architects used this as a basis. On the occasion of celebrating the 40th anniversary of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the 29th reconstruction of Tengwang pavilion was successfully completed on October 8, 1989 on the Double Ninth Festival, which not only adds luster to the ancient city Nanchang, but also attracts a large number of Chinese and foreign tourists with its unique charm. Tengwang Pavilion is the pride of Nanchang, the symbol of the ancientcivilization of Yuzhang, and the treasure of the cultural heritage of the Chinese nation.Now we come to the gate, the green tiles and red pillars of Tengwang pavilion are magnificent. The roaring lions on both sides hold their heads up and shake their tails, lifelike. It fully shows the style of the famous building. After stepping on the stone steps, we came to the gate on the first floor, and entered the pavilion from the main gate of dongbaoxia. A 4.5-meter-long stainless steel arch couplet was hung on the red column in front of the gate: "sunset and lone ducks fly together, autumn water grows in the same color.". This was written by Comrade Mao Zedong in his lifetime. This is one of the reasons why tengwangge, a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty Wang Bo's preface to tengwangge, is so popular. Step into the first floor. The first floor is the third floor of Tengwang Pavilion, which is the preface hall. What is on display here is a white jade relief work "when the wind comes to send Tengwang Pavilion", which is created according to the story of the famous piece "when the wind comes to send Tengwang Pavilion" in Ming Dynasty Feng Menglong's Xingshi Hengyan. It records the origin of Tengwang Pavilion in the form of relief.On the second floor, there is a dark layer. The theme of this layer's furnishings is "outstanding people". On the walls of the main hall, there is a large acrylic mural "outstanding people", 2.55 meters high, It is more than 20 meters long and vividly depicts Jiangxi celebrities from pre Qin to the end of Ming Dynasty. Although these people are different in times, costumes, status, age, occupation, quality and personality, they are harmoniously united in the same picture.Now we arrive at the third floor, which is a Ming floorsurrounded by corridors, and also an important level in the pavilion. Under the eaves, there are four huge gold lettered plaques, all of which were designed by Cai Shiying when he rebuilt Tengwang Pavilion. On both sides of the east hall are "luanqia" ritual vessels. On the north side of the hall are Jiangxi craft exhibits famous for "natural treasures". The North ear hall is a teahouse, which is a place for tea and rest in the pavilion. There is a 2.8m × 5.5m acrylic mural "Linchuan dream" on the screen wall of the central hall, which is based on the story of Tang Xianzu rehearsing "Peony Pavilion" in Tengwang Pavilion. In 1599, Tang Xianzu rehearsed "Peony Pavilion" in tengwangge for the first time, creating a precedent for tengwangge to perform opera. From then on, tengwangge changed from singing and dancing stage to opera stage. Then come to the fourth floor. The fourth floor is similar to the second floor, which is also a dark floor. This layer mainly reflects the theme of "Earth Spirit". On the walls of the main hall, the wall is now in the "land map", which reflects the essence of Jiangxi's well-known mountains and rivers.On the fifth floor, we can see that on the central screen wall of the central hall, there is a stele of Wang Bo's preface to Tengwang Pavilion, which is made of brass plate. It is nearly 10 square meters. It is written by Su Dongpo. After being copied and enlarged, it is hand carved by craftsmen. On the east wall of the West Hall, there is a polished lacquer painting "the painting of a hundred butterflies and flowers". This theme is selected in memory of Li Yuanying, the king of Teng, for his love and painting of butterflies. The fifth floor is also the highest bright floor, the best place to climb the range rover. Here you can go to the corridor to experience the beautiful scenery of "sunset and lone ducks flying together, autumn water growing in the sky".Finally, on the sixth floor, which is actually the ninth floor, we can see the West Hall, which is called "antique exhibition hall". It is a small stage. There are extremely precious copies of ancient musical instruments on the stage, implying the meaning of singing and dancing. On the three walls of the hall, there is a large-scale Tri Color mural of the Tang Dynasty, dance music of the Tang Dynasty. At the same time, there are singing and dancing performances on this floor. You can watch large-scale artistic performances here.Well, members of the group, so far my explanation is over. You can seize the time to visit the scenic spots you are interested in. In an hour, we will gather at the exit of the first floor to go to the next scenic spot. I hope you can have a good memory in Tengwang Pavilion.南昌滕王阁英语导游词3Welcome to tengwangge scenic area. I'm glad to be your guide!Tengwang Pavilion is located at the junction of Ganjiang River and Fuhe River, Yanjiang North Road, Nanchang city. In the fourth year of Yonghui in Tang Dynasty, Li Yuanying, the king of Teng, built it when he was an official in Hongzhou (now Nanchang), so it is called Tengwang Pavilion. It is famous for Wang Bo's preface to Tengwang Pavilion. Together with Yueyang Tower in Hunan and Yellow Crane Tower in Hubei, they are known as the three famous towers in Jiangnan.What we are seeing now is the 29th generation tengwangge, which was rebuilt on the Double Ninth Festival in 1989,!Now we come to the gate. Look at the green tiles and red pillars of Tengwang Pavilion. They are magnificent. The roaring lions on both sides hold their heads up and shake their tails,lifelike. It fully shows the style of the famous building.As we ascended the stairs, we came to the gate of the first floor. What you can see now is that "the sunset and the lone ducks are flying together, and the autumn water is the same color in the sky" written by Chairman Mao himself. It was given to us in Jiangxi when the Tengwang pavilion was rebuilt!We went to the first floor, and now we're thereThe location is the third floor of the building, and it is also the preface hall of our T engwang Pavilion. Right in front of us, there is a white marble relief, which mainly introduces the origin of our Tengwang Pavilion!Come up to the second floor with me, and now we come to the fourth floor "Renjie hall"! It mainly depicts the celebrities of Jiangxi since the pre Qin period! There are 80 people in total! Although their times, costumes, status, age, occupation, personality and personality are different, they are harmoniously unified in the same picture!The third floor we went to is the Ming floor. It's the fifth floor! There is a mural "Linchuan dream" in the central hall. In 1599, Tang Xianzu rehearsed the play "Peony Pavilion" for the first time in Tengwang Pavilion, creating a precedent for Tengwang pavilion to perform opera. Tengwang pavilion has since become an opera stage from a song and dance stageThe fourth floor is dilingting, the sixth floor we went to! It's mainly our famous seven mountains and one water in Jiangxi Province! From left to right, they are Meiguan, Guifeng, Sanqingshan, Longhushan, Jinggangshan, Lushan, Poyang Lake and shizhongshan in Jiangxi Province!We are now in the middle hall,You can see the preface to Tengwang Pavilion, which makesTengwang Pavilion famous for thousands of years. Let's go to the West Hall and have a look. The painting of a hundred butterflies and flowers on the wall is in memory of Li Yuanying, who likes art. It's a polished lacquer painting. The fifth floor is also the best place for climbing and sightseeing. Let's go to the corridor with me to enjoy the beautiful scenery. Here, you can experience the artistic conception of "sunset and lone ducks flying together, autumn water growing in the same color".We are now on the sixth floor, which is also the highest floor where we go. There are singing and dancing performances. Now you can watch large-scale artistic performances.At the end of my introduction, please have a rest while enjoying the program. Thank you.南昌滕王阁英语导游词4Hello everyone! Welcome to Nanchang. I'm wang zuorei, the tour guide. Next, I will show you the scenic spots of Tengwang Pavilion.Do you know the origin of Tengwang pavilion? By the way, Tengwang Pavilion is the first floor of Xijiang River. Together with yellow crane tower and Yueyang Tower, it is known as the three famous towers.Tengwang pavilion was built by Li Yuanying, son of Li Yuan, Emperor Gaozu of Tang Dynasty, when he was the governor of Hongzhou. Hongzhou refers to Nanchang now. During the reign of Zhenguan, Li Yuanying was granted the title of Teng Wang. Of course, the loft he built was named after his title, so it was called Teng Wang Pavilion. It has been more than 1300 years since Tengwang pavilion was first built. In the past thousand years, it has been up to 29 times of alternation. The foundation was laid in 1983, the ground was broken in 1985, and the main Pavilion ofChongyang Festival was completed on October 8, 1989. Now we can see the plaque of Tengwang Pavilion is the cursive calligraphy of huaisu, the calligrapher of Song Dynasty, which is known as "the first cursive plaque in the world". These four words highly summarize the unique features of Tengwang Pavilion. It is taken from Han Yu's poem "when I was young, I heard the beauty of Jiangnan, and Tengwang Pavilion is the first, which is called magnificent and unique". Therefore, Tengwang pavilion has the reputation of the first floor of Xijiang River .Now we are going to visit the main Pavilion of Tengwang Pavilion. Please pay attention to your safety when you play. Don't stick your head out of the railing; don't climb. We will gather at tengwangge at 12:00 noon. Tengwang pavilion has 89 steps, which means: the 29 generation Tengwang pavilion was rebuilt in 1989, and "89" refers to this time. The main Pavilion of Tengwang Pavilion is 57.5 meters high and has nine floors, but now you can see only three floors! How can it become nine floors?This is because the structure of Tengwang Pavilion is bright three dark seven, plus two base, is nine. On both sides of the main Pavilion, there are two pavilions named "Yajiang" and "yicui". If you look at Tengwang pavilion from a high altitude, you will find that it looks like a giant Kunpeng trying to spread its wings. Well, I've finished my introduction. Please continue to watch if you haven't finished. Now it's disbanded!南昌滕王阁英语导游词5Dear guestshello everyoneThere are so many pavilions in the south of the Yangtze River. Why are these three buildings called the three famous pavilions in the south of the Yangtze River? What's their unique charm?Here, I want to make a statement that they are not named because of the exquisite architecture itself, nor because of the purpose of their construction. They are all famous for the same reason - each for an article. For example, the Yellow Crane Tower is due to Cui Hao's poem the Yellow Crane Tower, which is not as good as Li Bai's. Yueyang T ower is due to Fan Zhongyan's Yueyang Tower, which is "first worried about the world, then happy about the world". Tengwang Pavilion is no exception. It is famous for Wang Bo's preface to Tengwang Pavilion.Have you ever been to the other two of the three famous buildings in Jiangnan? Ah, my friend, have you ever been to the Tengwang pavilion? Do you think there is any difference between the Tengwang Pavilion and them? Oh, the Tengwang Pavilion is bigger and more magnificent than the other two buildings. Yes, my friends, have you found out that the Yellow Crane T ower and Yueyang Tower are all about towers, while the only Tengwang Pavilion is about pavilions. At this point, I have to tell you the difference between this building and the pavilion. Let's take the three famous buildings as examples. The typical difference between this building and the pavilion is that the building rises from the ground, and the pavilion has a base, so the pavilion looks very magnificent; And this pavilion is not like a building - you can build it if you have money, and the identity of the person who built it is also very important. You must be the prince and grandson. Who is the prince and grandson who built Tengwang pavilion? I think everyone wants to know. Don't worry. Listen to Xiao x slowly.Tengwang pavilion was built by Li Yuanying, son of Li Yuan, Emperor Gaozu of Tang Dynasty, when he was the governor of Hongzhou, which refers to Nanchang now. Li Yuanying was bornin the imperial family. Because of the influence of court art, he loved painting, singing, dancing and butterflies very much. So when he was transferred from Suzhou to Hongzhou as governor, he brought a group of Kabuki from Suzhou to enjoy himself in the governor's house all day. He suggested: "governor, since you like listening to music and enjoying dancing so much, why don't you build a house by the river Gao Ge, in this way, you can not only enjoy the scenery, but also enjoy the music of singing and dancing. Why not? "After listening to Li Yuanying, he thought this idea was very good, so he adopted it. That's why Li Yuanying built a high Pavilion here. During the reign of Zhenguan, Li Yuanying was granted the title of King Teng. Of course, the pavilion he built was named after his title, so it was called Tengwang Pavilion.It has been more than 1300 years since the construction of Tengwang Pavilion. In the past thousand years, he has been up and down for 29 times. As we all know, Li Yuanying is a romantic prince. The pavilion he built was not worth mentioning, but why can it be spread from now on? If you have heard such a sentence: "Tengwang, if you know it, you should be relieved that the Millennium Pavilion is still there." It is not difficult to find out the relationship between the king of Teng and the pavilion. The king of Teng has been handed down through the ages because of the pavilion. Maybe you will be puzzled again. What's the reason that the pavilion is spread from today? I still remember what Xiao x told you just now about Wang Bo's (preface to T engwang Pavilion). This pavilion is spread from today because of Wang Bo's preface to Tengwang Pavilion.The Tengwang Pavilion we see now is the 29th reconstruction. It laid the foundation in 1983, broke the ground in 1985, and opened to the outside world on October 8, 1989. The mainPavilion is 57 high. Five meters, there are nine floors. Which nine floors? The two-layer base is built according to the form of "three bright and seven dark", so we can only see three floors on the outside, but there are actually seven floors on the inside, three bright and three dark, plus one equipment floor. There are two pavilions on both sides of the main Pavilion, "Yajiang" and "yicui". Maybe you don't think there is anything special between the main Pavilion and the two pavilions. But if we overlook T engwang pavilion from high altitude, it looks like a giant Kunpeng who is about to fly high. When you go back by plane, you can see if Xiao x is right and there is a big Kunpeng.When you look up, you can see the plaque of Tengwang Pavilion inscribed by Su Dongpo, a calligrapher of Song Dynasty. If you look down, I don't know if anyone can see the plaque of wild grass. Those who have studied wild grass can be of great use now. You can guess. There are four characters. En, it's hard to guess. Xiao x will tell you that you should remember them well. These four characters are "magnificent and unique". They are the cursive calligraphy of huaisu, a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, and are known as "the first cursive tablet in the world". These four characters highly summarize the unique features of tengwangge, which are taken from Han Yu's poem "Yu Shaoshi" Tengwang Pavilion is the first one in Jiangnan, which is known as "the first building of Xijiang".。
重塑“英雄城”特色——南昌市八一广场改造构思
３ 八一广场改造具体构想
结合周边环境 建设 要求 ，融入社会 、文化历史 ，
交通 、 生活游 息功能于一身 的综 合性 广场 ， 为 “ 成 英
雄 城” 的标 志性 区域 ，承担着城 市形象与 市 民集会
交 流 的双 重 作 用 ：
ｃ ￣ ａ ｌａ ｍ ｍｅ ＿ ｓ ｗｅ Ｉ ｓ ｃｏ ｍｏｒ — ａ
ｅｘｐｏｕｎｄｓ ｔ ｉ ｆｃａｎｃｅ ｈｅ ｓｇｎｉｉ ａｎｄ ｅｘｓ ｅｎｔ ｉｔ ｐｒ ｏｂｌ ｅｍ ｓ ｏｆ ｒ ｅｍ ｏｄｅｌ ｉ ｎｇ ｏｎ Ｎ ａｎｃｈａｎｇ ｂａｙｊｑｕａｒ ｓ ｅ，ａｌｏ ｐｒｓ ｔ ｈｅ ｓ ｅ ｅｎ ｓｔ ｉ ｄｅｏｌ ｏｇｙｏｆｒ ｏｄｅｌ ｅｍ ｉ ｎｇ。 ａｎｄ
维普资讯
■啊 设 Ｃ ｃ Ｒ ＮＩ ＤＩＥ Ａ ＨＥＴＡＤ ｌ Ｎ Ｔ Ｒ 创 作 Ｇ 计 Ｕ ＬＥ ｓ
，
重 塑 “ 雄城 ＂特 色 一 南昌市八一广场改造构 英
Ｒ ｅｃｒ ｅａｔ Ｈｅｒ ｉ Ｃｈａｒ ｅｒ ｔ ￣ ｏＣ ｔ ｙ ａｃｔ ｉ ｉ ｓ ｃｓ ｔ ｅＴ ｏｕ ｔ ｅｍｏｄｅｉｇ ｏｎＮａｎ ａｎ ａｙ Ｓ ａｒ ｈ ｈ ｇｈ ｓ Ｒ ｏｆ ｌ ｎ ｃｈ ｇ Ｂ ｉ ｑｕ ｅ
加绿化 面积。
⑥ 广场形态走 向复合化 、立体化 ：
大 广场的记 录： 但随着社会 的进步 、 城市的发展 ， 八
一
ｔ ｈｏｕｇｈｔ ｓ ａｂｏｕｔ ｒ ｅｃｒ ｅａｔｎｇ ｉ
ｃｈａ ｒ ａｃｔ ｒｓ ｉ ｏｆ ” ｅ ｔｃｓ ｉ ｈｅ ｃ ｒ ｏｉ
广 场 已 由单 一 的 政 治 、文 化 功 能 发 展 为 集 社 会 、
ｔｖ ｓ ｉｅ ｐａｃｅ， ｓ ｌ ｕｒ ｅｉ ａｂｌ ｓ ｅ ｐａｃｅ ａｎ ｅｃｏｌ ｃａｌ ｐａｃｅ． ｄ ｏｇｉ ｓ
南昌202402版小学六年级D卷英语第一单元测验卷
南昌202402版小学六年级英语第一单元测验卷考试时间:90分钟（总分:100）考试人：_________题号一二三总分得分一、(选择题)总分:30分(2分/题)1、根据情景选择正确的答案。
2、听音，根据你所听到的问句，选择正确答语。
1. What's your name?2. Where are you from?3. Good afternoon!4. Have some juice.3、单选题( )5.____you Wu Peng?A, Who'sB,AreC, What's4、将下列字母按字母表顺序写在四线三格内。
5、( )欢迎别人时，应该说:_______。
A, Welcome!B, Thank you.C, What's your name?6、看图片，选择对应的句子，并把其字母标号写在括号中。
7、选出每组中不同类的词。
( )1.A,eye B,ear C, eraser( )2.A, green B, great C, good( )3.A, black B, body C,blue( )4.A, make B, look C, puppet( )5.A, school B, face C,mouth8、将下列字母按字母表顺序排列，并写出它们的大小写形式。
9、读一读，选出每组中画线字母发音不同的一项。
( )1.A, she B,he C, friend( )2. A, toy B, boy C,box( )3.A, milk B, pencil C, pupil( )4. A, teacher B,China C, school( )5.A, Canada B,cat C,bag10、听音，按照你所听到的顺序给下面的图标号。
1. Hello, I'm Amy. I'm from America.2. E E E,drink some tea.3. B B B, touch your knee.4. Smell the chicken.C,look and see.6. This is a duck.11、【二会词汇】给英文单词或短语选出正确的汉语意思。
南昌米粉的介绍英文作文
南昌米粉的介绍英文作文"English:"Nanchang rice noodles, also known as "Nanchang Mixian", are a beloved dish originating from the city of Nanchang in Jiangxi Province, China. These noodles are a quintessential part of Nanchang's culinary heritage and are cherished by locals and visitors alike for their unique flavor and texture.Nanchang rice noodles are made from high-quality rice flour and water, which are mixed into a smooth dough. The dough is then stretched and pulled into thin, delicate strands before being cooked in boiling water. The result is a plate of springy noodles with a slightly chewy texture, perfect for soaking up the rich flavors of the accompanying broth.One of the most famous variations of Nanchang rice noodles is "Guo Qiao Mixian", or "Crossing-the-BridgeNoodles". Legend has it that this dish was created by a scholar's wife who wanted to keep her husband's meal warmas he studied for the imperial examination. She would prepare a pot of hot broth, along with thinly sliced meats, vegetables, and an egg, and then place uncooked ricenoodles on top. By the time her husband was ready to eat, the noodles would have cooked in the hot broth, creating a delicious and satisfying meal.Another popular variation is "Fish Head Rice Noodles", which features a flavorful broth made from simmering fish heads and bones for hours. The broth is then ladled over a bowl of rice noodles, along with tender pieces of fish meat, fresh herbs, and crunchy pickled vegetables. It's a comforting and hearty dish that's perfect for warming up on a chilly day.In addition to its delicious taste, Nanchang rice noodles are also loved for their affordability and accessibility. You can find them being sold at streetstalls, small eateries, and even high-end restaurants throughout the city. Whether you're craving a quick snackor a filling meal, Nanchang rice noodles are always a satisfying choice."中文，"南昌米粉，又称“南昌米线”，是源自中国江西省南昌市的一道美食。
南昌2024年08版小学第八次英语上册试卷
南昌2024年08版小学英语上册试卷考试时间:100分钟（总分:100）考试人：_________题号一二三总分得分评级介绍：这份南昌2024年08版小学第八次英语上册试卷涵盖词汇、语法和阅读理解，难度适中，重点考查学生的基础知识和应用能力，旨在巩固所学内容。
一、(选择题)总分:30分(1分/题)1、What do we call a plant that grows in a specific region?中文解释：我们称在特定地区生长的植物为？A, Endemic speciesB, Invasive speciesC, Native species2、What do you call a story that is made up?A, True storyB, FictionC, Non-fictionD, Biography3、What activity do people do at the beach?A, SkiingB, SwimmingC, SnowboardingD, Hiking4、Which of these is a type of cake?A, ChocolateB, SaladC, SoupD, Sandwich5、Where do we keep our clothes?A, CupboardB, SinkC, OvenD, Bed6、我有一只鸭子。
A,I have a duck.B,I have a rabbit.C,It's a duck.D.A duck?7、Which of the following means "蜡笔" in English?A, MarkerB, CrayonC, PencilD, Pen8、What is a common drink made from tea leaves?A, CoffeeB, TeaC, Juice9、What does "植物科技合作项目" mean in English?A, Plant technology cooperation projectB, Agricultural projectC, Environmental projectD, Ecological project10、What do trees produce?A, WaterB, OxygenC, SoilD, Plastic11、What is the name of the process by which plants make food? A, PhotosynthesisB, RespirationC, Digestion12、What does "灯" translate to in English?A, LightB, DarkC, LampD, Shade13、What do we call the day we celebrate a birthday?A, AnniversaryB, CelebrationC, BirthdayD, Holiday14、Which fruit is known as the "King of Fruits"? A, AppleB, MangoC, DurianD, Banana15、What is the opposite of "short"?A, TallB, HighC, LowD, Tiny16、What does the sun do?A, ShineB, RainC, SnowD, Blow17、What is the English meaning of "目标"?A, GoalB, DreamC, PlanD, Vision18、What is the highest mountain in the world? A, K2B, KilimanjaroC, Mount EverestD, Mount Fuji19、What does "商店" translate to in English? A, StoreB, MarketC, MallD, Shop20、What do you call the center of the Earth? A, MantleB, CoreC, CrustD, Surface二、(听力题)总分:45分(1分/题)1、听录音，判断下列图片与所听内容是(T)否(F)相符。
介绍南昌旅游景点攻略的英语作文
介绍南昌旅游景点攻略的英语作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Awesome Trip to Nanchang!This summer vacation, my family and I went on a super fun trip to Nanchang, the capital city of Jiangxi Province in China. I was really excited because I had never been there before, and I heard there are so many cool places to visit!Our first stop was Tengwang Pavilion, which is this really old building right on the bank of the Gan River. It was built way back in 653 AD, can you believe it? That's over 1,300 years ago! The pavilion is made of wood and has these awesome curved roofs. My little brother and I had a blast running around and exploring all the different levels and hallways. From the top floor, we could see the whole river and the city skyline. So cool!Next up was Poyang Lake, one of the biggest freshwater lakes in China. We took a boat tour across the lake, and I saw so many amazing birds like egrets, herons, and cormorants. Our tour guide told us that Poyang Lake is a major stopover for migratory birds traveling along the East Asian flyway. He alsosaid the lake fluctuates a ton in size between the dry and wet seasons, which is really unique. At one point, the boat drove right next to these huge areas of reeds and marsh grass that seemed to go on forever. I felt like I was in a swamp!After the lake, we visited Lushan National Park up in the mountains. We had to take a shuttle bus part of the way, and then we hiked up even higher. The views from the top were breathtaking! You could see layer upon layer of mist-covered peaks stretching out as far as the eye could see. No wonder Lushan is known as one of the most beautiful mountains in China. We saw lots of cool Buddhist temples and inscriptions carved into the rock too. My legs were super sore after all that hiking though!One of my favorite experiences was walking through the Nanchang Bund area along the Gan River. There were all these cool old European-style buildings with pretty gardens and fountains. We stopped for ice cream and I got a huge banana split, yum! At night, the whole area lit up with colorful lights reflecting off the river. We also saw this amazing music and light show with fountains choreographed to classical music.The last place we went was Qingshui Tan, which means "Green Water Beach." It's a stretch of sandy beach and park arearight on the Gan River, and the water really did have a greenish tint which looked so pretty! We rented bikes and rode around the trails, stopped to play on the playgrounds, and grabbed some snacks from the food stalls. I would have loved to go swimming too but apparently the currents are too strong. Maybe next time!Overall, I had an absolute blast exploring all the scenic areas and historical sites around Nanchang. Who knew there were so many amazing places to discover in this city? We really got to experience China's natural beauty, ancient heritage, and modern cityscapes all in one trip. I'm already bugging my parents about going back soon because there's still so much left to see and do. Nanchang, I'll be back!篇2Nanchang: A Wonderful City to Visit!Hi friends! My name is Lily and I'm 10 years old. This summer, my family and I went on a trip to Nanchang, the capital city of Jiangxi Province in China. It was such an amazing adventure! Let me tell you all about the cool places we visited.Our first stop was Tengwang Pavilion. This huge tower is over 1,000 years old and has three levels you can climb up. Fromthe top, you can see the whole city! The architecture with all the carved beams and painted decorations was just beautiful. My little brother pretended he was an ancient king surveying his kingdom from the tower.Next, we went to Qingxiu Mountain. It's a big park with pretty gardens, winding paths, and lots of scenic spots. My favorite was the South Lake with its bright green waters and adorable bridges arching over the water. We relaxed by the lake and I spotted some cute ducks and fish swimming around. The mountain trails were a fun little hike too with all the trees and rock formations along the way.Then we visited Lulin Lake Park, which had a huge lake surrounded by willow trees and pavilions. We rented a little boat and my dad rowed us around the lake. I trailed my hand in the cool water and made funny faces at the fish I could see down below. The park had some temples and towers as well that made me feel like I had travelled back in history.Speaking of history, we spent a whole day at Pavilion of Prince Teng. This is an archaeological site with ruins of towering palace halls and structures from over 2,000 years ago during the Han Dynasty. Our guide told us all about the Prince who lived there. I loved checking out the excavated foundations, relics inthe museum, and painted murals that showed scenes of music, dance, and hunting from those ancient times. So cool!One of the newest attractions we saw was Nanchang Greenland Central Plaza. This place had the coolest buildings –super tall skyscrapers all lit up at night in different colors. We rode up to the observation decks and I could see the entire city sparkling below. The plaza also had huge malls, an aquarium, and virtual reality games that made me feel like I was flying or exploring outer space. My brother and I had a blast!Our trip ended at Nanchang University, one of the biggest and oldest universities in China. The campus felt like a park with pretty lakes, gardens with bonsai trees, and historic buildings lined with corridors. We strolled around and I imagined what it might be like to study there someday. The libraries and science museums were interesting to explore too.Overall, I had the best time visiting all these spots in Nanchang! The city had such an awesome mix of ancient heritage sites and customs alongside modern skyscrapers and entertainment. And of course, my favorite part was all the tasty local food we ate – noodles, dumplings, smelly tofu, and more! I can't wait to go back to Nanchang again someday. It truly is a wonderful city with so many fun things for kids and families tosee and do. Let me know if you want to hear more details about my Nanchang adventure!篇3My Awesome Trip to Nanchang!Last summer, my family and I went on a super cool trip to Nanchang, the capital city of Jiangxi Province in China. It's a really big and historic city with tons of amazing places to see and things to do. I had such an awesome time and I can't wait to tell you all about it!Our first stop was Tengwang Pavilion, which is this crazy old tower that was built way back in 653 AD! Can you believe something could be that old? It's one of the three famous towers in southern China. When you climb up to the top, you get this incredible view over the Ganjiang River. My mom said the tower used to be a place for scholars to study, but I think it would have been hard to focus with such a beautiful view!Next, we went to Poyang Lake, which is the biggest freshwater lake in China. It was massive! We took a little boat tour around part of the lake and I saw tons of cute water birds like herons and egrets. Our guide told us Poyang Lake is one of the most important spots for endangered migratory birds to restduring their long journeys. I tried to stay super quiet so I wouldn't scare them away.After the lake, we checked out Baogong Memorial Temple. This place is kind of like a museum, but it used to be a school a really, really long time ago during the Song Dynasty. There were all these cool old rooms and buildings with pretty gardens around them. My favorite part was definitely the giant hall with the humongous painted roof - the colors and the dragon designs were so vibrant and detailed!On our third day, we went to Gan Jiang New District, which is the fancy new modern area of Nanchang. Here we visited Nanchang Pavilion, a tower that just opened a few years ago but was designed to look sort of old-fashioned. You can take an elevator up to an observation deck and get a panoramic 360 degree view of the entire city. The top had this crazy swirly ramp that made me a little dizzy but the views were spectacular!We also stopped at Nanchang Ocean Park, which is a massive aquarium. My jaw dropped as soon as we walked in - there were just endless humongous tanks filled with every type of marine animal you can imagine - sharks, rays, seahorses, seals, and so many bright, tropical fish. I felt like I was underwater! They even had some cute arctic animals like walruses and polarbears. I could have spent all day there but unfortunately we had to head to our next stop.Nanchang is an ancient city that dates back over 2,300 years,篇4Nanchang: A Fun City to Explore!Have you ever been to Nanchang? It's the capital city of Jiangxi Province in China, and it's full of exciting places to visit! Let me tell you about some of the coolest spots.First up is Tengwang Pavilion. This tall tower sits on the east bank of the Gan River, and you can climb all the way to the top for an amazing view over the city and river. It was first built way back in 653 AD, so it's super old! The bright yellow tiles on the roof make it really pretty.Next is Poyang Lake, one of the biggest freshwater lakes in China. During certain times of year, you can see lots of cute little birds migrating there from places like Siberia and Japan. My favorite is the Siberian white crane – they're so graceful! You can take a boat tour on the lake to spot different kinds of birds and other wildlife.If you like getting close to animals, you have to visit Nanchang Zoo. They have giant pandas, golden monkeys, white tigers, and many more cool creatures. The zoo also has an aquarium area where you can see sharks, rays, and colorful fish swim right over your head!For a bit of history and culture, check out Tengwang Ge. It's an old building with intricate wood and brick carvings all over. People used to study for important exams there back in ancient times. You can experience calligraphy, painting, poetry and other traditional Chinese arts when you visit.Now for my personal favorite – the Nanchang Insect Valley! Here they have exhibitions with all kinds of creepy crawlies like giant scorpions, hairy tarantulas, and glowing fireflies. I know some people might be scared, but I think bugs are so fascinating! You can even try meals cooked with edible insects if you're feeling brave.There's lots more to do in Nanchang like visiting temples, parks, museums and street food markets. The Qingshan Quarry area has been turned into a cool recreational spot too, with hiking trails and colorful lighting at night.I really hope you get a chance to travel to Nanchang and explore all the amazing sights with your own eyes. You can climbon ancient pavilions, sail across a massive lake, see cute furry animals up close, and encounter some of the coolest bugs in the world! It's an awesome city for kids to experience Chinese history and nature. What are you waiting for? Start planning your Nanchang adventure today!篇5Nanchang: A Brilliant Place to Visit!Hi there! My name is Emma, and I'm a 10-year-old girl from Nanchang, the capital city of Jiangxi Province in China. Today, I want to tell you all about my amazing hometown and why you should come to visit!Nanchang is a beautiful city with a rich history that dates back over 2,200 years. It's known for its stunning natural scenery, fascinating cultural attractions, and delicious local cuisine. If you're planning a trip to China, Nanchang should definitely be on your list!Let me start by telling you about some of the coolest places to visit in Nanchang:Tengwang PavilionThis ancient pavilion is one of the most famous landmarks in Nanchang. It's super old, built way back in the year 653! The pavilion is located on a hill beside the Gan River, and it offers breathtaking views of the city skyline. You can climb to the top and admire the stunning architecture, or just hang out and take in the beautiful surroundings.Bayi SquareBayi Square is the largest city square in Nanchang, and it's a great place to visit if you want to see some impressive buildings and monuments. In the center of the square, there's a huge statue of a soldier, which represents the bravery of the people of Nanchang during the Nanchang Uprising in 1927. At night, the square is all lit up and looks absolutely magical!Qingshan LakeThis is one of my favorite spots in Nanchang! Qingshan Lake is a beautiful lake surrounded by lush greenery and picturesque hills. You can rent a boat and go for a peaceful ride on the lake, or just stroll around the scenic trails and enjoy the fresh air. There's also an amusement park nearby, which is super fun for kids like me!Nanchang MuseumIf you're interested in learning about the history and culture of Nanchang, you have to visit the Nanchang Museum. It has an incredible collection of ancient artifacts, including pottery, jade carvings, and even some dinosaur fossils! The museum also has exhibits on the local traditions and customs of Jiangxi Province, which are really fascinating.Lushan National ParkWhile not technically in Nanchang, Lushan National Park is a must-visit destination if you're in the area. It's a massive natural park with towering mountains, cascading waterfalls, and dense forests. You can go hiking, camping, or even take a cable car to the top of the mountains for some stunning views. It's a nature lover's paradise!Now, let me share some tips on how to make the most of your trip to Nanchang:Getting AroundThe best way to get around Nanchang is by taking the buses or the metro. The public transportation system is really good and convenient, and it'll save you a lot of time and hassle. You can also rent a bicycle or take a taxi if you prefer.Where to StayThere are plenty of hotels and guesthouses in Nanchang to suit different budgets. If you're traveling with your family, I recommend staying in one of the hotels near Bayi Square or Qingshan Lake, as they're close to many attractions and have nice facilities for kids.What to EatNanchang is famous for its delicious local cuisine, which features a lot of rice, noodles, and fresh produce. Some must-try dishes include Nanchang noodles, stinky tofu (don't be put off by the name, it's really yummy!), and Gan River hairy crabs. You'll also find plenty of international restaurants if you're craving something more familiar.When to VisitThe best time to visit Nanchang is during the spring or autumn, when the weather is mild and pleasant. Summer can be quite hot and humid, while winters can be a bit chilly. However, if you don't mind the weather, you can find great deals on accommodation and flights during the off-peak seasons.Well, that's all I have for now! I hope this has given you a good idea of what to expect in Nanchang and how to make the most of your visit. Trust me, it's an amazing city with so much tooffer, and I'm sure you'll have a fantastic time exploring it. Happy travels!篇6My Amazing Trip to NanchangLast summer, my family went on a super fun vacation to Nanchang, the capital city of Jiangxi Province in China. Nanchang has so many incredible places to visit and exciting things to do. I'm going to tell you all about the awesome tourist spots we went to!The first place we visited was Tengwang Pavilion. This big tower is over 1,000 years old and has nine floors. We climbed up the winding stairs all the way to the top and the view was breathtaking! From up there, you can see the whole city of Nanchang spread out before you. There are also pretty gardens and little ponds surrounding Tengwang Pavilion where people were boating and feeding the fish. My little brother really liked watching the ducks swimming around.Next, we went to Qingxiu Mountain which has the coolest hiking trails through the forest. We got to cross over hanging bridges and see lots of wild monkeys swinging from the trees! The mountain has tons of carved stone sculptures too, likedragons and phoenixes. My favorite was a massive Buddha statue carved right into the side of the cliff. We also visited a cave on the mountain that went really deep underground. It was a little spooky but very neat to explore with our flashlights.After that, we spent a day at Poyang Lake which is one of the biggest freshwater lakes in China. We took a boat cruise across the glittering water and spotted birds like herons and egrets wading along the shores. The lake is surrounded by miles of green wetlands full of lotus flowers and reeds. Our tour guide told us Poyang Lake is an important habitat for endangered species. We even got to see a few cute finless porpoises popping their heads out of the water!One of the coolest places we went in Nanchang was Lungshanfeng Park. This huge park has a section that is like a small amusement park with lots of rides and games. I went on the roller coaster three times because it was so fun! The park also has beautiful gardens with topiary animals sculpted out of bushes and trees. We took lots of funny pictures posing next to the giant green teddy bears and elephants made out of hedges. There's also an aquarium tunnel where you can walk underneath the water and see sharks, rays, and schools of fish swimming overhead. So awesome!Another super interesting place was Nanchang University. We didn't just visit because it's a famous school - the campus is also home to the Museum of Chu Culture. This museum has over 7,000 ancient artifacts from the Chu kingdom that used to rule this area over 2,000 years ago. We saw jade carvings, bronze bells, pottery, coins, and even chariots used in battle by Chu warriors long ago. The most impressive thing was the enormous bronze masks and statues that were discovered in Chu tombs. I had never seen such gigantic metal relics before!Nanchang was such an amazing place to visit with my family. From climbing ancient towers to exploring spooky caves to riding crazy roller coasters, we had an absolute blast. I got to experience over 3,000 years of history and culture while still having tons of fun. I hope I can go back to Nanchang again someday and keep discovering more of its incredible sights and flavors. If you ever get the chance to visit this awesome city, you absolutely should! You won't regret it.。
My hometown(南昌)
Introduction
Nanchang ,also known as YuZhang or HongDu in ancient times, is provincial capital city of JiangXi. She is located in north central of JiangXi province. So naturally she becomes the political, economic, cultural, technological, transportation centers of JiangXi province. Nanchang is famous for the revolution happened in August 1st ,in 1927. So Nanchang becomes the Red revolutionary base since then. By the way, my grandfather was a soldier. He took part in the long March. Besides, he was involved in the war to resist America and aid Korea. I am really proud of him, he is great. As we all know ,many cities ,such as TaiYuan, are lack of water while people in Nanchang are proud of rich water. In other words, Nanchang stands on water. By the way , the people in my hometown regard water as “the soul of the city”. Many famous rivers or lakes are related to Nanchang, such as GanJiang ,Poyang Lake.Now that we have mentioned water, we have to talk about the moutains in Nanchang. Many moutians like Jingganshan,lushan, stand near Nanchang. To our surprise, the city construction style of Nanchang, similar to Taiwan, is different from many cities in the mainland. So many Taiwanese who live in Nanchang feel at home.
解读“箱劵表”看箱号知流水冠号
解读, 箱号2011-8-17 12:03 上传下载附件(140.41 KB)这是一张南昌印钞厂使用的箱劵明细表。
有些内容在表上已一目了然，不需要解读，需要进一步解读的是“冠字”和“箱号”。
解读的目的是否定“三字冠”。
一、冠字“H★E” “H★E”是在原冠字HE 的基础上衍生而成，加用星号的作用是有别于第一轮使用的冠字“HE”。
实际应用到“冠字号码”中时，由八位流水序号的第一位数字（千万位）驭代星号位置，表现形式为“H1E2345678”（号码为举例而设），而第一轮“冠字号码”的表现形式则是大家都熟悉的“HE12345678”。
这表明新旧两轮冠字只在表现形式上有区别，其实质含义并无不同，都是冠字“HE”。
正如第五套人民币1999年版五元劵有HE，2005年版五元劵也有HE一样，只不过五元劵的HE是凭版别、年号来区分，而这次一元劵是在没改版、年号的情况下，又遇到冠字被重复使用的难题，如何解决？通过改变“冠字”和“冠字号码”的表现形式来达到区分新旧两轮冠字的目的，也不为是一种可行的办法。
二、箱号第一行文字“玑怀庚” “玑怀庚”是第五套人民币箱外代码的内容之一，人民币包装箱外都喷有或贴有类似内容的代码，只有个别印钞厂会把它打印在置于箱内的箱劵明细表上。
它包含三层意思：○1劵别，○2人民币冠字印制顺序号，○3对应该顺序号的所属冠字。
这里“玑”代表劵别，即是第五套人民币1999年版壹圆劵；“怀庚”代表人民币冠字印制顺序号“45”，而对应“45”顺序号的冠字就是HE。
其依据是经数人多年研究、总结、编制出的，并经反复检验证实是准确的“第五套人民币冠字印制顺序、代码总表”。
（为避某种嫌疑，该研究成果一直未对外公开发表，现为说明问题，只好违心披露其中的一角）。
附：第五套人民币第一大组冠字印制顺序、代码表（部分）印制顺序 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10箱外代码艺驭令怀庚诠宾晾喆艺榕对应冠字 FA FB FC FD FE FF FG FH FI FJ印制顺序 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20箱外代码艺艺艺驭艺令艺怀艺庚艺诠艺宾艺晾艺喆驭榕对应冠字 EA EB EC ED EE EF EG EH EI EJ印制顺序 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30箱外代码驭艺驭驭驭令驭怀驭庚驭诠驭宾驭晾驭喆令榕对应冠字 GA GB GC GD GE GF GG GH GI GJ印制顺序 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40箱外代码令艺令驭令令令怀令庚令诠令宾令晾令喆怀榕对应冠字 DA DB DC DD DE DF DG DH DI DJ印制顺序 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50箱外代码怀艺怀驭怀令怀怀怀庚怀诠怀宾怀晾怀喆庚榕对应冠字 HA HB HC HD HE HF HG HH HI HJ （以下省略）这足以说明，1999年版壹圆劵第二轮冠字与第一轮冠字一样同为二字冠。
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中国肝性脑病诊治共识，2013
病情监测与评估
肝脏基础疾病或 门体分流
有神经精神状态 改变
无神经精神状态 改变
A型、B型、C型
寻找诱因 West-Heaven 分 级，3级以上用 Glasgow 昏迷量 表进行评估
排除精神病、代谢 性脑病、颅内器质 性疾病、颅内感染、 中毒性脑病等
神经心理学检测 （PHES),其中 NCT-A及DST两项 均阳性可诊断 MHE
乳果糖是防治肝性脑病的一线用药
降低结肠腔内 pH, 促 进NH3 转化为不能吸 收的 NH4
修饰肠道菌群，促 进产乳酸杆菌的生 长，抑制产尿素酶 的细菌的生长
导泻
二、促进有毒物质的代谢清除，纠正氨基酸代谢的紊乱
降氨药物：谷氨酸钾、谷氨酸钠
盐酸精氨酸：10～20g 鸟氨酸门冬氨酸：20g/d
益生菌：如枯草杆菌二连活菌
Bajaj et al; Am J Gastroenterol. 2008
26
三、适当营养支持及维持水电解质平衡
制定个体化的蛋白营养支持方案
HE分级 1～2级 非蛋白质能量摄入量 25～35kcal/kg/d 蛋白质摄入量 起始0.5g/kg/d, 之后逐渐增加至1.0～1.5g/kg/d 0.5～1.2g/kg/d
尿素
肝脏清除 门体分流 血脑屏障 大脑毒性作用
血容量过低和/或低氧血症
高蛋白饮食 便秘
药物(镇静类药物 )
血糖过低
假性神经递质学说 结肠: 蛋白质
酪氨酸
L旋多巴 多巴胺 去甲肾上腺素 真
肠道细菌 羟色氨酸脱羧酶
酪氨酸 (肝脏) 鱆胺 交感神经递质 (脑) 假 -苯乙醇胺 苯丙氨酸
中枢神经功能紊乱
诱因明确且易消除者预后较好 肝功能较好的门体性脑病预后较好 肝功能差者预后较差 暴发性肝功衰所致的HE预后最差
3～4级
25～35kcal/kg/d
中国肝性脑病诊治共识，2013
四、肝移植 五、其他对症治疗
纠正水、电解质和酸碱平衡失调 保护脑细胞功能 保持呼吸道通畅 防治脑水肿
中国肝性脑病诊治共识，2013
肝性脑病治疗的新选择： 益生元联合益生菌
益生菌联合益生元对肝硬化轻微型肝性脑 病的治疗效果
HE类型 A型 B型 定义 急性肝衰竭相关 肝性脑病 门-体分流相关肝 性脑病，没有肝 脏疾病 肝硬化相关HE, 或门脉高压\ 门体分流相关HE 发作型HE 伴诱因 自发性 复发性 轻型 重型、 治疗依赖型 亚类 亚型
C型
持续型HE
轻微型（MHE)
West-Haven分级与SONIC分级标准
WH分级 0级 1级 临床要点 没有能觉察的人格或行为变化 无扑翼样震颤 轻度认知障碍 欣快或抑郁 注意时间缩短 加法计算能力降低 可引出扑翼样震颤 SONIC 分级
中国肝性脑病诊治共识，2013
诊断
• HE的诊断主要依据急性肝衰竭、肝硬化和（或）广 泛门体分流病史、神经精神异常的表现及血氨测定 等辅助检查。 • 可采用West-Heaven分级法对HE分级，对3级以上者 进一步采用Glasgow 昏迷量表评估昏迷程度。 • MHE的诊断则依据PHES ，其中对NCT-A及DST两项阳 性即可诊断 MHE ；但测试结果需参考相应年龄和教 育程度的健康对照的结果进行判断。另外控制抑制 试验（ ICT ）和临界闪烁频率（ CFF) 可由消化或肝 脏专科医生独立完成,但这两项在中国缺乏实践。
3级
SONIC分级将这三类 定义为显性HE(Overt HE)
4级
诊断和鉴别诊断
检查
1. 2. 肝功能试验 血氨：正常空腹静脉血氨酶法测定为18～ 72umol/L；动脉血氨含量为静脉血氨的0.5～ 2倍，空腹动脉血氨比较稳定可靠。 3.神经生理学检测：脑电图(EEG)和脑诱发电位 （视觉、听觉和躯体诱发电位）。不推荐用于早 期HE诊断。 3.影像学检查：用于排除脑血管意外、脑肿瘤；以 及有助于肝硬化及门体分流的诊断 4. 心理智能测验：维也纳第11届世界消化病大会 推荐使用肝性脑病心理学评分（PHES)诊断MHE.
治
疗
治疗原则及改善预后的关键
早期识别、及时治疗
寻找和去除诱因
减少来自肠道遇害物质如氨等的产生 和吸收
适当营养支持及维持水电解质平衡
根据临床类型、不同诱因及疾病的严 重程度制定个体化的治疗方案
中国肝性脑病诊治共识，2013
一、去除诱因
禁用麻醉、镇痛、催眠、镇静类药物，必要时可用
东莨菪碱、异丙嗪
支键氨基酸:静脉注射或口服 BCAA
(branched-chain amino acid) GABA/BZ复合体受体拮抗药：氟马西尼（flumazenil） (特别是患者已用过苯二氮卓类药物的患者,但此类药 物尚需进行仔细评估)
人工肝
中国肝性脑病诊治共识，2013
服用益生菌的患者有较高的MHE逆转率 （71% vs 0%）
2013 肝性脑病专家共识
定义
肝性脑病： 由急、慢性肝功能严重障碍或各种门
体静脉分流所致的 以代谢紊乱为基础 轻中程度不同的神经精神异常综合征， 是严重肝病常见的并发症及死亡原因 之一 主要临床表现：意识障碍、行为失和门脉高压
氨基酸代谢失衡
支链氨基酸：芳香族氨基酸 3-3.5：1 (正常)
<1： 1 (肝硬化) ------ 应用支链氨基酸
GABA/BZ 受体复合体学说
•GABA (肠道细菌产生) •内源性 苯二氮卓类物质（BZ）
--- 应用苯二氮卓类受体拮抗剂
临床表现
第十一届世界消化病大会推荐的肝性脑病分类
（1998，维也纳）
轻微肝性脑 病30-70%
患者无自觉不适 心理智能测验异常
发病机制
氨中毒学说
假性神经递质及氨基酸不平衡学说 γ-氨基丁酸/苯二氮卓(GABA/BZ ) 复合
体学说 细菌感染与炎症
NH3 NH4 肠道 细菌/蛋白质
和
H+
氨中毒学说
促发因素
上消化道出血 感染 低钾血症和/或碱中毒
门静脉-体循环异常分流
因
其他代谢异常：尿素循环的关键酶异常，
如先天性尿素循环障碍 诱发因素如消化道出血、感染（SBP、尿 路及肺部感染）、电解质及酸碱平和紊 乱、便秘、使用安眠药等
中国肝性脑病诊治共识，2013
肝性脑病疾病谱
入院 (HE grades II-IV） 昏迷 典型症状40% 患者自觉不适
中国肝性脑病诊治共识，2013
PHES
数字连接试验（NCT-A&NCT-B)
数字符号试验（DST) 轨迹描绘试验（LTT)
系列打点试验（SDT)
鉴别诊断 1.精神疾病 2.中毒性脑病 3.其他代谢性疾病：包括酮症酸中毒,低血 糖症,肾性脑病,肺性脑病等 4.颅内病变：包括蛛网膜下腔、硬膜外或 脑内出血，脑肿瘤、颅内感染及癫痫等
实际工作中很难区分， SONIC分级将这两级 归为隐匿性HE （Covert HE)
2级
倦怠或淡漠 轻度地向异常（时间和空间定向） 轻微人格改变 行为错乱、语言不清 减法计算能力异常 容易引出扑翼样震颤
嗜睡到半昏迷，但是对语言刺激有反应 意识模糊 明显的定向障碍 扑翼样震颤可能无法引出 昏迷（对语言和强刺激无反应）
A: synbiotics preparation B：fermentable fibers C: placebo,unfermentable filbers
益生菌联合益生元显著降低血清 ALT,Bil水平，并增加白蛋白含量 和凝血酶原活动度
HEPATOLOGY,Vol.39,No.5,2004
预 后
由于便秘可增加氨从胃肠道吸收的时间，故应保持
患者大便通畅，首选能降低肠道PH值的通便药物， 如：乳果糖15～30ml/次，2～3次/天，一每天产生 2～3次PH<6的软便为宜。
及时控制感染及上消化道出血
避免快速和大量、排钾利尿和放腹水 纠正水、电解质和酸碱平衡失调
中国肝性脑病诊治共识，2013