2014年职称英语(理工类B)考试教材
2014年职称英语考试用书理工类教材 word版 完整清晰版
2014年职称英语等级考试用书（理工类）第二部分阅读判断第一篇Inventor of LED第二篇E1 Nino第三篇Smoking第四篇Engineering Ethics 第五篇Recue Platform第六篇Microchip Research Center Created第七篇ModerateEarthquake StrikesEngland第八篇What isdream第九篇Dangers AwaitBabies withAltitude第十篇Thy biologyof music第四部阅读理解第一篇Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles第二篇 World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict第三篇 Citizen Scientists第四篇 Motoring Technology第五篇 Late-Night Drinking第六篇 Making Light of Sleep第七篇 Sugar Power for Cell Phones第八篇 Eiffel Is an Eyeful第九篇 Egypt Felled by Famine 第十篇 Young FemaleChimps Outlearn TheirBrothers第十二篇 Florida Hit byCold Air Mass第十三篇 InvisibilityRing第十四篇 Japanese CarKeeps Watch for DrunkDrivers第十五篇 Winged RobotLearns to Fly第十六篇 JapaneseDrilling into Core ofEarth*第十七篇 A Sunshade forthe Planet*第十八篇 Thirst for Oil*第十九篇Musical RobotCompanion EnhancesListener Experience*第二十篇 Explorer ofthe Extreme Deep*第二十一篇 Plant Gas*第二十二篇 Snowflakes*第二十三篇 Powering aCity? It's a Breeze.*第二十四篇 UndergroundCoal Fires -- a LoomingCatastrophe*第二十五篇 Eat to Live*第二十六篇 Male andFemale Pilots CauseAccidents Differently*第二十七篇 Driven toDistraction*第二十八篇 Sleep LetsBrain File Memories*第二十九篇 I will BeBach*第三十篇 Digital Realm*第三十一篇 HurricaneKatrina*第三十二篇Mind-reading Machine*第三十三篇 Experts Callfor Local and RegionalControl of Sites forRadioactive第五部分补全短文第二篇 The BilingualBrain第三篇 How deafinessMakes It Easierto Hear第六部分完型填空第一篇 Captain CookArrow Legend第二篇 Avalanche andIts Safety第四篇 Animal's"Sixth Sense"第五篇 Singing AlarmsCould Save the Blind* 第六篇 Car ThievesCould Be Stopped Remotely* 第七篇 AnIntelligent Car* 第九篇 Wonder Webs* 第十篇Chicken Soupfor the Soul：ComfortFood Fights Loneliness1第一篇Inventor of LED1. Holonyak’s colleagues thou ght he would fail in his research on LEDs at the time when he started it. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned2. Holonyak believed that his students that were working with him on the project would get the Lemelson- MIT Prizesooner or later.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. Holonyak was the inventor of the transistor in the early 1950s.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4.Holonyak believed that LEDs would become very popular in the future.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5. Holonyak said that you should not do anything you are not interested in.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6. Edith Flanigen is the onlyco-inventor of LEDs.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7. The Lemelson-MIT Prize has a history of over 100 years.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned 第二篇 El Nino1. The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict El Nino a few months in advance. A RightB WrongC No mentioned2. The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past EI Nino occurrences and sea-surface temperatures.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. The Columbia University researchers are the first to usesea-surface temperatures to match the past El Nino occurrences.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4. Weare’s contribution in predicting El Nino, was highly praised by other meteorologists.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5. According to a Chinese report, the flooding in China caused by El Nino in 1991 and 1997 affected 200 million Chinese people.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned6. It takes about eight months for El Nino to reach its peak.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned7. A special institute has bee n set up in America to study El Nino.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned第三篇Smoking1. It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous. A Right B WrongC Not mentioned2. Smoking reduces one’s life expectancy. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned3. Smoking may induce lung cancer.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4. There is evidence that smoking isresponsible for breast cancer.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5. Male smokers have a lower deathrate from heart disease than femalesmokers. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned6. Nicotine is poisonous.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7. Filters and low tar tobacco makesmoking safe.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第四篇 Engineering Ethics1. Engineering ethics is a compulsorysubject in every institute of scienceand technology in the United States. ARight B Wrong C Not mentioned2. The number of students wishing totake the course of engineering ethicsis declining at Texas A&M University.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. The National Science Foundationinvolves itself directly in writing upmaterial about ethical issues. A Right BWrong C Not mentioned4. It seems that medical ethics andbusiness ethics are more mature thanengineering ethics. A Right B Wrong CNot mentioned5. Several engineering professors havequit from teaching to protest againstthe creation of a new course inengineering ethics. A Right B Wrong CNot mentioned6. Many engineering professors maynot have time to prepare material forclass discussion on professional ethics.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7. It is likely that following thisintroductory passage, the author willprovide the necessary material relatedto the topic of engineering ethics. ARight B Wrong C Not mentioned第五篇Rescue Platform1. A rescue platform called the Eagle iscapable of moving vertically but notsideways.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2. The four propellers are fittedhorizontally to the Eagle.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. With the help of jet engines, theEagle can fly at a speed of 100 milesan hour.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4. In the third paragraph, the wordhelicopter refers to the Eagle.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5. The mare jet engines are fitted tothe propellers, the more people theplatform can carry.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6. In the wake of September 11, Mr.Metreveli has secured enough fundingto build up a small-scale model of theEagle to test his idea.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7. Mr. Metreveli is designing for Israela more advanced form of rescueplatform than the Eagle or the Eaglet.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第六篇Microchip ResearchCenter Created1. The country says that theinvestment of US $14 million is bigenough for dev eloping that country’schip industry.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2. That country gives top priorities todeveloping chips for military purposes.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. Although the licensing fees are notvery high, that Far Eastern countrycannot afford to pay.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned.4. Many western countries ban theexporting of the most advancedchip-making technologies to thatcountry to prevent them from beingused for military purposes.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5. Currently, almost all the flagshipchipmakers in that country are ownedby American investors.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6. Mainstream chip productiontechnology develop rapidly. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned7. More than 10 chip plants being builtin that country are an example ofself-reliance.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第七篇Moderate EarthquakeStrikes England1. During the April 28 earthquake, thewhole England was left without power.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2. The Channel Tunnel was closed for10 hours after the earthquakeoccurred.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. It was reported that one lady hadgot her head and neck injured, but notseriously.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4. France and several other Europeancountries sent their medical teams towork side by side with the Britishdoctors.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned25. The country’s strongest earthquake took place in London in 1580.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6. Musson predicted that another earthquake would occur in southeast England sooner or later. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 7. It can be inferred from the passage that England is rarely hit by high magnitude earthquakes. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned.第八篇What Is a Dream?1．Not everyone agrees that dreams are meaningful.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned 2．According to Freud, people dream about things that they cannot talk about.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned 3．Jung believed that dreams did not help one to understand oneself.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned 4．In the past, people believed that dreams involved emotions.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned 5．According to Domhoff, babies do not have the same ability to dream as adults do.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned 6．Men and women dream about different things.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned 7．Scientists agree that dreams predict the future.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned 第九篇Dangers Await Babies with Altitude1. According to the passage，one of the reasons why newborns in mountain communities are underweight is that their mothers are under-nourished.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2. Giussani’s team members are all British researchers and professors from Cambridge University.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. Giussani did not expect to find that the weight of a baby had little to do with the financial conditions of the family he was born into.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4. The weight of a newborn has to do with the supply of oxygen even when he was still in his mother’s womb.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5. High-altitude babies have heads that are larger than their bodies. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 6. High-altitude babies have longer but thinner limbs than average.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned 7. Giussani has arrived at theconclusion that babies in high-altituderegions are more likely to have hearttrouble when they grow up. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned*第十篇The Biology of Music1．Humans, but not animals, can sing.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned2．People can use music tocommunicate their emotions.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned3．We use the same part of the brainfor music and language.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned4．Geoffery Miler has done researchon music and emotions.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned5．It’s hard for humans to composemusic.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned6．Memory is not an important part insinging in tune.A RightB WrongC Not-mentioned 7．Scientists does notknow all the answers about theeffects of music on humans. ARight B Wrong C Not-mentioned第五部分补全短文第一篇Mobile PhonesMobile phones should carry a label ifthey proved1to be a dangerous sourceof radiation, according to Robert Bell,a scientist. And no more mobile phonetransmitter towers should be builtuntil the long-term health effects ofthe electromagnetic radiation theyemit are scientifically evaluated, hesaid. “Nobody’s going to drop deadovernight2but we should be asking formore scientific information,” RobertBell said at a conference on the healtheffects of low-level radiation. 1 “Ifmobile phones are found to bedangerous, they should carry awarning label until proper shields canbe devised,” he said.A report widelycirculated among the public says thatup to now scientists do not really knowenough to guarantee there are noill-effets on humans fromelectromagnetic radiation. Accordingto Robert Bell, there are 3.3 millionmobile phones in Australia alone andthey are increasing by 2,000 a day3. 2By the year 20004 it is estimated thatAustralia will have 8 million mobilephones: nearly one for every twopeople.As well, there are 2,000 transmittertowers around Austrnlia, many in highdensity residential areas5. 3 E Forexample, Telstra, Optus andVodaphone build their towers where itis geographically suitable to them anddisregard the need of the community.The electromagnetic radiation emittedfrom these towers may have alreadyproduced some harmful effects on thehealth of the residents nearby. RobertBell suggests that until more researchis completed the Government shouldban construction of phone towers fromwithin a 500 metre radius of schoolgrounds, child care centres, hospitals,sports playing fields and residentialareas with a high percentage ofchildren. 4 A He says there is emergingevidence that children absorblow-level radiation at a rate more thanthree times that of adults6.He addsthat there is also evidence that ifcancer sufferers are subjected toelectromagnetic waves the growth rateof the disease accelerates. 5 D Thenwho finances the research? Accordingto Robert Bell, it is reasonable for themajor telephone companies to fund it.Besides, he also urges theGovernment to set up a wide-ranginginquiry into possible health effects.第二篇The World’s LongestBridgeRumor has it that1a legendarysix-headed monster lurks in thedeep waters of the Tyrrhenian Seabetween Italy and the island ofSicily. 1 If true, one day youmight spy the beast while zipping(呼啸而过) across the MessinaStrait Bridge. When completed in2010, the world’s longest bridgewill weigh nearly 300,000 tonsequivalent to the iceberg thatsank the Titanic — and stretch 5kilomerers long. “that’s nearly 50percent longer than any otherbridge ever built,” saysstructural engineer Shane Rixon.2 What do the world’s longestbridges have in common? They’resuspension bridges, massivestructures built to span vastwater channels or gorges. Asuspension bridge needs just twotowers to shoulder the structure’smammoth weight, thanks to heftysupporting cables slung betweenthe towers and anchored firmly indeep pools of cement at each endof the bridge. The Messina StraitBridge will have two 54,00-ton34towers, which will support most of the bridge ’s load. The beefy cables of the bridge, each 1.2 meter in diameter, will hold up the longest and widest bridge deck ever built. When construction begins on the Messina Strait Bridge in 2005, the first job will be to erect two 370 meter-tall steel towers. 3 The second job will be to pull two sets of steel cables across the strait, each set being a bundle of 44,352individual steel wires. Gettingthese cables up will be something 2. It ’s not just their length — totally 5.3 kilometers — but their weight. 4 They will tip up the scales at 166,500 tons — more than-half the bridge’s total mass. After lowering vertical “suspender ” cables from the main cables, builders will erect a 60meter-wide 54,630-ton steel roadway, or deck — wide enough to accommodate 12 lanes of traffic. The deck ’s weight will pull down on the cables with a force of 70,500 tons. In return, the cables yank up against their firmly rooted anchors with a force of 139,000 tons — equivalent to the weight of about 100,000 cars. Those anchors are essential. 5 They ’re what will keep the bridge from going anywhere.第三篇 Reinventing the Table An earth scientist has rejigged theperiodic table 1to make chemistry simpler to teach to students. 1 There have been many attempts to redesign the periodic table since Dmitri Mendeleev drew it up in 1871.But Bruce Railsback from the University ofGeorgia 3says he is the first to create a table that breaks with tradition and shows the ions of each element rather than just the elements themselves. “I got tired of breaking my arms trying to explain the periodic table to earth students,”he says, criss-crossing his hands in the air and pointing to different bits of a traditional table. 2 Railsback has still ordered the elements according to the number of protons they have. But he has added contour lines to charge density, helping to explain which ions react with which. “Geochemists just want an intuitive sense of what’s going on with the elements,” says Albert Galyfrom the University of Cambridge 4. 3“I imagine this would be good for undergraduates.” 4 Railsback has listed some elements more than once. He explains that sulphur, for example, shows up in three different spots — one for sulphide, which is found in minerals, one for sulphite, and one for sulphate, which is found in sea salt, for instance. He has also included symbols to show which ions arc nutrients, and which are common in soil or water. 5 And the size of element’s symbol reflects how much of it is found in the Earth’s crust.第四篇 The Bilingual BrainWhen Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea’s a teenager, he had a hard time learning English. Now he speaks it fluently, and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language.1 As a graduate student, Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch, a neuroscientist in New York. 1Their work led to an important discovery. They found evidence that children and adults don’t use the same parts of the brain when they learn a second language. The researchers used an instrument called an MRI2 (magnetic resonance imaging) scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people. 2One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children. The other consisted of people who ， like Kim ，learned their second language later in life. People from both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner. This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of the brain were getting more blood and were more active. They asked people from both groups to think about what they had done the day before, first in one language and then the other. They couldn’t speak out loud because any movement would disrupt the scanning. Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain - Broca's area3, which is believed to control speech production, and Wernicke’s area3, which is thought to process meaning. Kim and Hirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language they were speaking. 3 But their use of Broca ’s area was different. People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca’s area for both their first and second languages. People who learned asecond language later in life used a dif ferent part of Broca’s area for their second language. 4 How does Hirsch explain this difference? Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children, their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area. Once that programming is complete, the processing of a new language must be taken over by a different part of the brain. A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do as adults. Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch, sound, and sight. 5 And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class.第五篇 The Magic of Sound Music is one of the most beautiful forms of artistic expressions ever invented. In movies and plays, music has an added function 1: it not only moves people but also can shock people. Is it true that an ordinarymusical instrument can be so powerful? Our eardrums can withstand sound within 20 to 80 decibels. Once sound exceeds this limit 2, even beautifulmusic will become car-splitting noise 3and harm health. A strong blast of high sound can twist and break a solid iron sheet. 1 High sound of 150 decibels can kill a healthy rat. The noise from a plane’s engine is over 140 decibels. However, the sound of a flute is at most a few decibels. 2 Therefore, the sound of ordinary musical instruments cannot harm your health. It has been proven that people who have worked in an environment with a high sound intensity for a long time suffer varying degrees of heart disease or altered brain waves. In movies, sometimes the hero can produce a sound that ordinary people can ’t hear and only those who have the same ability can feel. In nature, there is actually sound that is beyond our hearing. In physics, the sound that exceeds 20,000 Hz is called ultrasonic. 3 Dolphins, whales and bats can make suchhigh-frequency sound.It does no harm to health. Sound less than 20 Hz is called infrasonic waves. When we move, the air will vibrate. 4 The vibration of air can produce5infrasonic waves. As thefrequency of infrasonic waves is close to that of people ’s internalorgans 4, infrasonic wave may cause resonance in human bodies. As a result, people ’s vision may weaken and internal organs may rupture. However, whether an infrasonic wave can be used as a weapondepends on its intensity 5. If its intensity is very low, it won ’t damage internal organs or a person ’s health. 5 If the intensity of infrasonic wave exceeds 160 decibels, it is extremely harmful. When wind blows at a force of 3 or 4 over thesea 6, it will produce infrasonic waves of several decibels. Only typhoons can produce infrasonic waves of over 100 decibels. At present, scientists can only produce infrasonic weapons in the lab with the help of advanced scientific tools and powerful electric power.第六篇 Dung to Death 1Fields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics given to farm animals. The drugs, which are in manure sprayed onto fields as fertilizers, could be getting into our food and water, helping to create a new generation of antibiotic-resistant“superbugs ”.2The warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at levels of the drugs in farm slurry. 1 His findings are particularly shocking because Switzerland is one of the few countries to have bannedantibiotics as growth promoters in animal fee .Some 20,000 tons of antibiotics are used in the European Union and the US each year. More than half are given to farm-animals to prevent disease and promote growth. 2 But recent research has found a direct link between the increased use of these farmyard drugs and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs that infect people. Most researchers assumed that humans become infected with the resistant strains by eating contaminatedmeat.3But far more of the drugs end up in manure than in meat products, says Stephen Mueller of the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science andTechnology in Dubendorf. 3 And manure contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistant to antibiotics, he says. With millions of tons of animals manure spread onto fields of crops such as wheat and barley each year, thispathway seems an equally likely route for spreading resistance,4he said. The drugs contaminate the crops, which are then eaten. 4 They could also be leaching into tap water pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields.Mueller is particularly concerned about a group of antibiotics called sulphonamides. 5 They do not easily degrade or dissolve in water. His analysis found that Swiss farm manure contains a highpercentage of sulphonamides; each hectare of field could be contaminated with up to 1 kilogram of the drugs. This concentration is high enough to trigger the development of resistance among bacteria.5But vets are nottreating the issue seriously. There is growing concern at the extent to which drugs, includingantibiotics, are polluting the environment. Many drugs given to humans are also excretedunchanged and are not broken down by conventional sewage treatment. 第七篇 Time in the Animal World Rhythm controls everything in Nature. 1 It controls, for example, the flapping of birds’ wings, the beating of the heart and the rising and setting of the sun.The sun provides a basic time rhythm for all living creatures including humans. Nearly all animals are influenced by sun cycles and have developed a biological clock in their bodies following these cycles. The moon also exerts its force and influence on the sea. Its gravitational attraction causes the rising of the tide. 2 The tide goes out when the moon moves away and its attraction is weaker. When the moon is behind the Earth, centrifugal force causes the second tide of the day. Animals living in tidal areas must have the instinct of predicting these changes, to avoid being stranded and dying of dehydration. Since the time of the dinosaurs, the king crab has been laying eggs 1at the seaside in a set way 2. To avoid predator fish 3, the eggsare always far from seawater and protected by sand. In the following two months, the eggs undergo dramatic changes related to the cycles of the moon 4. When the second spring tide comes, the young king crabs have matured. 3 The second spring tide takes them back to the sea. Most of the mammals, either the giant elephant or the small shrew, have the same average total number of heart beats in their lifetime. Shrews live only for two and a half years, and spend their life at a high speed and high tempo. Animals like shrews with a pulse rate of 600 per minute have an average total of eight hundred million heartbeats 5throughout their life. The African elephant has a pulse rate of 25 beats per minute, and a life span 6of 60 years. The size of the body determines the speed of life. 4 The larger the animal is, the longer its life span is and the slower its life tempo is.As we get older, our sense of time is being influenced by the physiological changes of our body. The elderly spend more time resting, and do few sports. 5 For an adult, time goes fast year by year. For a child, a week is seen as a long time.第八篇 Watching Microcurrents FlowWe can now watch electricity as it flows through even the tiniest circuits. By scanning the magnetic field generated as electric currents flow through objects, physicists have managed 1 to picture the progress of the currents. The technology will allow manufacturers to scan microchips for faults, as well as revealing microscopic defects in anything from aircraft to banknotes. Gang Xiao and Ben Schrag at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, visualize the current by measuring subtle changes in the magnetic field of an object and 2 converting the information into a color picture showing the density of current at each point .Their sensor is adapted 1from an existing piece of technology that is used to measure large magneticfields in computer hard drives.2“We redesigned the magnetic sensor to make it capable of measuring very weak changes in magnetic fields,” says Xiao. The resulting device is capable of detecting a current as weak as 10 microamperes , even when the wireis buried deep within a chip, and it shows up features as small as 40 nanometers across. At present, engineers looking for defects in a chip have to peel off the layers and examine the circuits visually; this is one of the obstacles 3 to making chips any smaller. But the new magnetic microscope is sensitive enough to look inside chips and reveal faults such as short circuits, nicks in the wires or electro migration — where a dense area of current picks up surrounding atoms and move them along. “It is like watching a river flow,”explains Xiao. As well as scanning tiny circuits, the microscope can be used to reveal the internal structure of any object capable of conductingelectricity.3For example, itcould look directly at microscopic cracks in an aeroplane’s fuselage, 4 faults in the metal strip of a forged banknote or bacteria in a water sample.The technique cannot yet pick up electrical activity in the human brain because the current there is too small, but Xiaodoesn’t rule it out 4in the future.“I can never say never,” he says. Although the researchers have only just made the technical details of the microscope public,it is already on sale,5fromelectronics company Micro Magnetics in Fall River, Massachusetts. It is currently the size of a refrigerator and takes several minute to scan a circuit, but Xiao and Schrag arc working 5 to shrink it to the size of a desktop computer and cut the scanning time to 30 seconds .第九篇Heat Is KillerExtremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people feel hot, it can cause serious medical problems —even death. Floods, storms, volcano eruptions and other natural disasters kill thousands of people every year.１So does extreme heat.Experts say heat may be nat ure’s deadliest killer. Recently, extreme heat was blamed for killing more than one hundred people in India. It is reported that the total heat of a hot day or several days can affect health. ２Several hot days are considered a heatwave. Experts say heat waves oftenbecome dangerous when thenighttime temperature does not dropmuch from the highest daytimetemperature. This causes great stresson the human body.３Doctors say people can do manythings to protect themselves fromthe dangers of extreme heat. outof the sun, if possible. Drinklots of cool water. Wear lightcolored clothing made of naturalmaterials; avoid wearingsynthetic clothing. Make sure theclothing is loose, permittingfreedom of movement1. And learnthe danger signs of the medicalproblems, such as headache andvomiting that are linked to heat.Most people suffer only musclepain as a result of heat stress.４Most people suffer only musclepain as a result of heatstress.pain is a warning that thebody is becoming too hot2. Doctorssay those suffering headache ormuscle pain should stop allactivity3and rest in a cool placeand drink cool liquids. Do notreturn to physical activity for afew hours because more seriousconditions could develop: Doctorssay some people face an increaseddanger from heat stress.５Suchpersons have a weak or damagedheart, high blood pressure, orother problems of the bloodsystem.Hot weather also increasesdangers for people who must takemedicine for high blood pressure4,poor blood flow, nervousness ordepression.第十篇How Deafness Makes ItEasier to HearMost people think of Beethoven’shearing loss as an obstacle tocomposing music. However, heproduced his most powerful works inthe last decade of his life when he wascompletely deaf.This is one of the most glorious casesof the triumph of will over adversity1,but his biographer, Maynard Solomon,takes a different view. 1_ Solomonargues that Beethoven’s deafness“heightened”his achievement as acomposer. In his deaf worldBeethoven could experiment, freefrom the sounds of the outside world,free to create new forms andharmonies.Hearing loss does not seemto affect the musical ability ofmusicians who become deaf. Theycontinue to “hear” music with asmuch, or greater, accuracy than if theywere actually hearing it being played.2Michael Eagar, who died in2003,became deaf at the age of 21. Hedescribed a fascinating phenomenonthat happened within three months:“my former musical experiencesbegan to play back to me. I couldn’tdifferentiate between what I heardand real hearing.2 After many years, itis still rewarding to listen to these playbacks, to ‘ hear’ music which is new tome and to find many quietaccompaniments for all of mymoods. ”How is it that the world wesee，touch，hear，and smell is both“out there”and at the same timewithin us? There is no better exampleof this connection between externalstimulus and internal perception thanthe cochlear implant3. 3 Noman-made device could replace theability to hear. However, it might bepossible to use the brain’s remarkablepower to make sense of the electricalsignals the implant produces.WhenMichael Edgar first “switched on” hiscochlear implant, the sounds he heardwere not at all clear. Gradually, withmuch hard work, he began to identifyeveryday sounds. For example, “Theinsistent ringing of the telephonebecame clear almost at once.”Theprimary purpose of the implant is toallow communication with others.When people spoke to Eagar, he heardtheir voices “coming through like along-distance telephone call on a poorconnection.” But when it came to hisbeloved music, the implant was of nohelp.4 _ When he wanted toappreciate music, Eagar played thepiano . He said, “I play the piano as Iused to and hear it in my head at thesame time. The movement of myfingers and the feel of the keys giveadded ‘ clarity’ to hearing in myhead.5”Cochlear implants allow thedeaf to hear again in a way that is notperfect，but which can change theirlives. 5 Still, as Michael Eagardiscovered, when it comes to musicalharmonies, hearing is irrelevant. Eventhe most amazing cochlear implantswould have been useless toBeethoven as he composed his NinthSymphony at the end of his life.6。
2014年职称英语考试用书(理工类B级整理版)
The basic computer mouse is an amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive. Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting1, drawing, and even scrolling on the page with the newer mice with the wheel. Most of us use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think2 how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to clean it. We learn to point at things before we learn to speak, so the mouse is a very natural pointing device. Other computer pointing devices include light pens graphics tablets and touch screens, but the mouse is still our workhorse.
练习：
1. Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
2014年职称英语理工类考试教材完形填空文章及译文(2)
2014年职称英语理工类考试教材完形填空文章及译文（2）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。
小编为您整理职称英语理工类教材中完形填空部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。
Avalanche and Its SafetyAn avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside. Avalanches are____1____ the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope____2____ supports it. Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is____3____ cause an avalanche, ____4____ acomplex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.Terrain slopes flatter than25degrees or steeper than60degrees typically have a low ____5____ of avalanche. Snow does not____6____ significantly on steep slopes; also, snow does not ____7____ easily on flat slopes. Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow’s angle of rest1 is____8____ 35 and45 degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is38degrees. The rule of thumb2 is: A slope that is____9____ enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle. Additionally3, avalanche risk increases with ____10____;that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, die more lijkely it is that an avalanche will occur.Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry4 is never 100% safe. Good avalanche safety is a continuous____11____,, including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather____12____ and human factors. Several well-known good habits can also____13____ the risk. If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid ____14____ to. Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations; snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made. Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are____15____ or damaged. Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.词汇：avalanche n.雪崩snowpack n.积雪场terrain n.地形，地势steep adj.险峻的，陆峭的trigger v.引起，激发incidence n.发生(率)ski v.滑雪complexity n.复杂性注释：1.angle of rest：这里指积雪保持静止的角度。
2014年职称英语理工类B级考试试题及答案解析(八)
职称英语理工类B级考试试题及答案解析(八)一、词汇选择（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
）第1题At the meeting both sides exchanged their views on a wide scope of topics they were interested in.A. extentB. numberC. collectionD. range【正确答案】：D【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 会议上双方就感兴趣的许多话题交换了意见。
extent程度，如：To a great extent you are right. 你在很大程度上是对的。
number数量，如：the number of students学生的数量。
collection收藏，系列，如：Is the collection going to be divided up or sold as a whole?这批收藏品是零卖还是一起卖?range范围，最符合题意，如：Fire Dragons now correctly within range.现在在范围里正确点燃火龙。
第2题The tomato juice left a brown stain on the front of my jacket.A. trackB. traceC. spotD. point【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 番茄汁在我夹克前面留下了一个污迹。
track为足迹，如：wolves' tracks，狼的足迹。
trace痕迹，如：Did the police find any trace ofthe murderer?警方找到凶手的行踪了吗?spot污点、斑点，最符合题意。
2014年职称英语(理工类B级)模拟试题及答案
2014年职称英语(理工类B级)模拟试题及答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)1 These are their motives for doing itA reasonsB excusesC answersD plan2 The river widens considerably as it begins to turn westA twistsB stretchesC broadensD bends3 Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.A abuseB flavorC temptationD consumption4 These programmes are of immense value to old people.A naturalB fatalC tinyD enormous5 A great deal has been done to remedy the situationA maintainB improveC assessD protect6 John is collaborating with Mary in writing an articleA cooperatingB competingC combiningD arguing7 He is determined to consolidate his powerA strengthenB controlC abandonD exercise8 Many scientists have been probing psychological problemsA solving C settlingB exploring D handling9 Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habitsA removedB curedC worsenedD relieved10 And the cars are tested for defects before leaving the factoryA functions C motionsB faults D parts11 The food is insufficient for three people.A instantB infiniteC inexpensiveD inadequate12 Thousands of people perished in the storm.A diedB sufferedC floatedD scattered13 But in the end he approved of our proposalA undoubtedlyB certainlyC ultimatelyD necessarily14 For young children，getting dressed is a complicated business.15 In Britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management.A evaluationB efficiencyC productionD publicity第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)ComputersBefore the widespread use of computers, managers could not make full use of large amounts of valuable information about a company's activities. The information either reached managers too late or was too expensive to be used. Today, managers are facing a wide range of data processing and information instruments. In place of a few financial controls, managers can draw on computer-based information systems to control activities in every area of their company. On any kinds of performance measures, the information provided by these systems helps managers compare standards with actual results, find out problems, and take corrective action before it is too late to make changes.The introduction of computerized information systems has sharply changed management control in many companies. Even a neighborhood shopkeeper may now use computers to control sales, billing, and other activities. In large companies, electronic data processing systems monitor entire projects and sets of operations.Now, there are about 24 million microcomputers in use in the United States ——one for every 10 citizens. It is estimated that by 1996, 61 percent of American managers will be using some sort of electronic work station. In order for managers to be sure that the computer-based information they are receiving is accurate, they need to understand how computers work. However, in most cases they do not need to learn how to program computers. Rather, managers should understand how computerized information systems work; how they are developed; their limitations and costs; and the manner in which information systems may be used. Such an understanding is not difficult to achieve.One research found that business firms were more successful in teaching basic information about computers to business graduates than they were in teaching business subjects to computer science graduates.16 Today, conventional financial controls are still exercised in some minor areas such as billing and vocational training.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned17 It is unnecessary for a neighborhood baker to use a computer in his shopA RightB WrongC Not mentioned18 At present about 10% of American citizens possess a microcomputer.A RightB WrongC Not mentionedA RightB WrongC Not mentioned20 In some cases managers have to learn how to write programs so as to work out computerized information systems that suit their own companies best.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21 Computerized firms would rather employ business graduates than computer science graduates because it is easier to train the former into qualified employees.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)1. Children enjoy shouting at a high wall and hearing the sound come back to them. These sounds are called echoes (回声). Echoes have given us a number of valuable tools.2. Echo sounding devices were early used in making maps of the ocean floor. Sounds or ultrasonic (超声的) sounds make good tools for determining how deep the water is under ships. Sometimes echoes from ultrasonic distance finding devices were prevented from working by fish swimming past or by the presence of large objects. So ultrasonic devices have been replaced by other tools.3. Radar is now a familiar tool. Like many others it was an unexpected discovery. It was first observed by two researchers, who were studying sound communication. They were sending signals from a station on one side of a river in Washington,D IC. to a vehicle across the river. They discovered that their signals were stopped by passing ships. They recognized the importance of this discovery at once.4. All this was of course just a start, from which our present radar has developed. The word "radar," in fact, gets its name from the term "radio detection (检测) and ranging." "Ranging" is the term for detection of the distance between an object and the radar set. Today, in our scientific age, it would be difficult to manage without radar.5. One of the many uses of radar is as a speed control device on highways. When a person in an automobile is driving faster than the speed limit, radar will show this clearly and the traffic police can take measures to stop him.6. A pilot cannot fly a plane by sight alone. Many conditions such as flying at night and landing in dense fog require the pilot to use radar. Human eyes are not very good at determining speeds of approaching objects, but radar can show the pilot how fast nearby planes are moving.23 Paragraph 2__________. 24 Paragraph 3__________. 25 Paragraph 4__________. 26 ParagraphA Study of SoundB Highway PoliceC Working PrinciplesD Early Use of "Radar"E Useful ToolsF Discovery by Chance27 Echo-sounding devices were early used to__________.28 Ultrasonic device were used to__________.29 Police use radar on highways to__________.30 Radar helps pilots to__________.A detect nearby objectsB determine the depth of the ocean waterC decide how fast you driveD stop passing shipsE map the ocean floorF observe water flow第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)第一篇Ocean Noise PollutionSome scientists say that animals in the ocean are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings.The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves.Decibels (分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of one hundred-twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decibel level of one-hundred ninety-five would have the same effect.Some scientists have proposed setting a noise limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels in. oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales (鲸鱼).A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals. The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales' ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed (出血) and become infected (感染).Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds object to a limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels. They say such a limit is a greater danger than they believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in31 According to the passage, which of the following is increasingly dangerous to sea creatures?A The sound of a car.B The sound of voices.C Man-made noise pollution.D The sound of steps.32 According to the passage, natural sounds include all of the following EXCEPT__________.A sounds made by animals themselves.B ocean drilling.C underwater earthquakes.D the breaking of ice fields.,33 Which of the following is discussed in the third paragraph?A The same noise level produces a different effect on land and in the ocean.B Different places may have different types of noises.C The decibel is not a suitable unit for measuring underwater noise.D Different ocean animals may have different reactions to noises.34 Which of the following is true of whales?A They won't be confused by noises.B They are deaf to noises.C Their ability to reproduce will be lowered by high-level noises.D Their hearing will be damaged by high-level noises.35 According to the passage, what will scientists most probably do in the future?A They will work hard to reduce ocean noise pollution.B They will protect animals from harmful noises.C They will try to set a limit of 120 decibels.D They will study the effect of ocean noise pollution.第二篇Lifetime Employment in Japanese CompaniesIn most large Japanese companies, there is a policy of lifetime employment. What this means is that when people leave school or university to join an enterprise, they can expect to remain with that organization until they retire. In effect, the employee gets job security for life, and can only be fired for serious mistakes in work. Even in times of business recession, he or she is free from the fear of being laid off.One result of this practice is that the Japanese worker identifies closely with his company and feels strong loyalty to it. By working hard for the company, he believes he is safeguarding his own future. It is not surprising that devotion to one's company is considered a great virtue in Japan. A man is often prepared to put his firm's interests before those of his immediate family.The job security guaranteed by this system influences the way employees approach their work. They tend to think in terms of what they can achieve throughout their career. This is because they are not judged on how they are performing during a short period of time. They can afford to, take a longer perspective than their Western counterparts.This marriage between the employee and the company - the consequence of lifetime employment - may explain why Japanese workers seem positively to love the products their company is producing and why they are willing to stay on after work, for little overtime pay, to participate in earnest discussions about the quality control of their products.36 Lifetime employment in the Japanese company means that the employee__________.A leaves his company only when business is bad.B gets a job soon after he leaves school or university.C can work there throughout his career,D can have his serious mistakes in work corrected.37 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A Family and company interests are equally importantB The Japanese worker is very loyal to his company.C One's future is guaranteed through hard work.D Devotion to one's company is encouraged……38 Lifetime employment influences one's__________.A achievements at work.B performance at work.C career options.D attitude toward work.39 The Japanese worker is fond of his company's products because of__________.A his marriage with the daughter of the president.B the close link between him and his company.C his willingness to work overtime.D his active participation in quality control,40 The passage mainly discusses__________.B what benefits lifetime employment has brought to Japanese workers.C what lifetime employment is.D how lifetime employment is viewed.第三篇Dreams of FlightThe story of man's dream of flight, of his desire to reach the stars, is as old as mankind itself. According to Greek legend, Daedalus was the first man to fly. He and his son had been kept on an island. In order to escape, Daedalus shaped wings of wax (2) into which he stuck bird feathers. During their flight, his son flew too high and the sun melted the wax. He was drowned in the sea. The father was supposed to have continued his flight and reached Sicily, several hundred miles away.There is also an English legend of King Bladud who, during his rule in the ninth century B.C., used wings to fly. But his flight was short-lived and he fell to his death. The dream of flying continued, but in all the legends, the flier rose like a bird only to fall like a stone. It took hundreds of years that men flew up into the air and returned to earth safely.The first man to approach flying on a scientific basis was an Englishman who lived during the thirteenth century. He looked at the air about us as a sea, and he believed that a balloon could float on the air just as a boat did on water. Almost four hundred years later, an Italian priest applied his principle of air flight. He designed a boat, which would be held in the air by four hollow spheres (空心球). ach of the four balls was to be 20 feet in diameter (直径) and made of very thin copper. But his boat was never built since it was not possible to make spheres of such thin metal and such size in those days.After studying the flight of birds and the movement of the air, a great scientist of the fifteenth century concluded that birds flew because they flapped (摆动) their wings and that it was possible for man to do the same. So a kind of flapping-wing flying machine was invented. Many men tried and failed to fly with flying machines. It was not until 1890 that people discovered why this method would never succeed - man could not develop sufficient power with his arms and legs.41 How did Daedalus manage to escape to Sicily, according to the passage?A He killed the guards and got out of the island.B A god came to rescue him and took him away.C His son came to rescue him and took him away.D He made wings of wax and flew away from the island.42 According to the English legend, King Bladud lost his life because__________.43 The first scientific air flight was designed by__________.A a Greek.B an Englishman.C a Chinese.D an Italian.44 The priest failed to build the boat because__________.A he could not raise enough money.B his design was not scientific.C he could not find enough copper.D copper spheres could not be made as designed45 According to the last paragraph, man could not fly with flapping-wing flying machines because__________.A he could not develop adequate power with his arms and legs.B he knew nothing about the movement of the air.C they were made of heavy metal.D they were made of light feathers.第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)The Building of the PyramidsThe oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. __________(46) There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the "Step" pyramid and the "Bent" pyramid.Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stone to use in modern buildings.__________(47). These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever.__________(48). However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves.__________(49)Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools Which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them.One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning before they could begin to build.__________(50) You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere. Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to be overcome.A The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape have made them less likely to fall into ruin.B It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids because the plans ofC The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place.D Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used.E Many people were killed while building the pyramids.F They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems likely that they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet.第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)TransportationFor many years in the desert, camels Used to be the only form of transportation (运输). Before the(51) of modern trains, camel trains used to carry all the goods for trading between Central Africa and Europe. Traders sometimes (52) to put together camel trains with 10,000 to 15,000 animals. Each animal often carried (53) 400 pounds and could travel twenty miles a day. This form of transportation was so important that camels were called the "ships of the (54)."Now modern trains travel across the desert in a very (55) time. One engine can pull as much weight as 135,000 (56). In addition, trains use special cars for their load. Refrigerator cars carry food; boxcars carry heavy goods; stock cars carry animals; and tank cars carry oil.Air travel has changed, too. The earliest planes were biplanes (双翼飞机), with(57) sets of wings. The top speed of this plane was 60 miles per hour. The pilots used to sit or lie on the wings in the open air. The plane(58) sometimes stopped in the middle of a trip. It used to be (59) to fly in bad weather. In snow or in rain, the wings frequently became icy. Then the plane might go down.Mechanical improvements during the First World War changed airplanes. Monoplanes (单翼飞机) took the(60) of biplanes. Pilots flew inside of covered cabins. Still, even these planes were small and expensive. Only(61) people were be able to travel in airplanes.Now modern jets make air travel possible for all people. No place in the world is more than 24 hours away by jet. Further improvements have (62) the cost of flying, and they have made air travel (63) safer than it used to be. A modern 707 can carry 170 people and can fly at 600 miles per hour. People(64) used to eat, sleep, or watch movies on airplanes.(65) these things are a normal part of air travel!51 A age B series C year D period52 A ought B added C used D led53 A away B as many as C out D as much as54 A desert B trains C transportation D goods56 A camels B ships C pounds D cars57 A one B three C two D four58 A wings B engines C pilots D speed59 A probable B possible C improbable D impossible60 A seat B pace C place D vacancy61 A technical B rich C those D professional62 A got rid of B raised C avoided D lowered63 A much B so C very D such64 A sometimes B occasionally C neither D never65 A But B So C Now D However1 A motive：动机;reason：理由。
2014年全国职称英语等级考试理工类B
2014年全国职称英语等级考试理工类（B级）第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 She found me very dull．A dirtyB sleepyC lazyD boring2 The President made a brief visit to Beijing．A shortB workingC formalD secret3 He was persuaded to give up the idea．A mentionB acceptC considerD drop4 Jack consumes a pound of cheese a day．A eatsB drinksC buysD produces5 Mary just told us a very fascinating story．A strangeB frighteningC difficultD interesting6 It's a gorgeous day anyway.A lovelyB coldC normalD rainy7 Her life is becoming more diverse．A generousB humorousC variedD romantic8 Foreign military aid was prolonging the war．A broadeningB worseningC extendingD accelerating9 She was unwilling to go but she had no choice．A unableB indecisiveC readyD reluctant10 She is slender．with delicate wrists and ankles．A sickB weakC slimD pale11 With immense relief．I stopped running．A someB enormousC littleD extensive12 The scientists began to accumulate data．A collectB handleC analyzeD investigate13 Jack eventually overtook the last truck．A hitB passedC reachedD led14 Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance．A possibleB profitableC easyD wise15 The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle．A factB mysteryC statementD game第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题l分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2014年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类试题及答案
2014职称英语《理工B》真题及答案(代码22)第一部分：词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
1. The majority of people around here are decent.A. realB. honestC. normalD. wealthy答案：D2. The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.A. hiddenB. traditionalC. inflexibleD. official答案：C3. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.A. furnishB. copyC. publishD. summarize答案：A4. Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down.A. excitementB. disappointmentC. angerD. calm答案：B5. Several windows had been smashed.A. cleanedB. replacedC. fixedD. broken答案：D6. The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.A. painsB. partsC. aspectsD. results7. London quickly became a flourishing port.A. majorB. largeC. successfulD. commercial答案：C8. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.A. homeworkB. justiceC. modelD. act答案：D9. He led a very moral life.A. humanB. intelligentC. naturalD. honourable答案：D10. His stomach felt hollow with fear.A. sincereB. respectfulC. emptyD. terrible答案：C11. It was a majic night until the spell was broken.A. timeB. charmC. spaceD. opportunity答案：B12. His professional career spanned 16 years.A. startedB. changedC. movedD. lasted答案：D13. They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.A. discoverB. proveC. considerD. imagine14. His knowledge of French is fair.A. very usefulB. very limitedC. quite goodD. rather special答案：B15. The group does not advocate the use of violence.A. limitB. regulateC. opposeD. support答案：D第二部分：阅读判断下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
职称英语《理工B》真题及答案(完整版)
xx年职称英语《理工B》真题及答案（完整版）1.【题干】The revelation of his past led to his resignation.A.imaginationB.disclosureC.confirmationD.recall【答案】B2.【题干】Jensen is dangerous man, and can be very brutal.A.carelessB.cruelC.strongD.hard【答案】B3.【题干】You'll have to sprint if you want to catch the train.A.jumpB.escapeC.runD.prepare【答案】C4.【题干】We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.A.changebleC.suitableD.adaptable【答案】A5.【题干】The new garment fits her perfectly.A.haircutB.purseC.clothesD.necklace【答案】C6.【题干】The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma.A.fearB.joyC.hurtD.memory【答案】C7.【题干】They have built canals to irrigate the desert.A.decorateB.waterC.changeD.visit【答案】B8.【题干】Her overall language proficiency remains that of a toddler.B.pupilC.teenagerD.baby【答案】D9.【题干】The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.A.warmB.severeC.hardD.dry【答案】A10.【题干】The details of the costume were totally authentic.A.realB.outstandingC.creativeD.false【答案】A11.【题干】We are aware of the potential problems.A.globalB.possibleC.ongoingD.central【答案】B12.【题干】The idea was quite brilliant.A.positiveB.cleverC.keyD.original【答案】B13.【题干】Stock market price tumbled after rumor of a rise in interest rate.A.regulatedB.increasedC.maintainedD.fell【答案】D14.【题干】The course gives you basic instruction in car maintenance.A.coachingB.ideaC.termD.aspect【答案】A15.【题干】All houses within 100 meters of the seas are at risk of flooding.A.in dangerB.out of controlC.between equalsD.in particular 【答案】A。
2014职称英语理工类B级模拟卷及答案(二)
理工类-B级模拟试题二第一部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1 According to some observers, television has acquired a disquieting monopoly over people's leisure time.A recentB businessC noisyD troubling2 Professor Smith continued his research work and disregarded his colleague's advice.A ignoredB deploredC exploredD implored3 Before the development of movable metal type in the mid-fifteenth century, news wasdisseminated by word of mouth, by letter, or by public notice.A organizedB requestedC distributedD limited4 Corn, domesticated by the American Indians, was brought to Europe by Columbus.A trainedB cultivatedC implantedD reared5 Of all the wild dogs, none is more closely related to the domesticated dog than the wolf.A ordinaryB tameC faithfulD hunting6 The dominant theme in the music is of tranquility and peacefulness.A majorB finalC copiousD sluggish7 During their winter hibernation period, bears doze.A sleep lightlyB lose furC go hungryD have babies8 The municipal home-rule system used in many United States cities gives a city the right todraft its own charter.A enforceB make revisions inC draw upD have9 The Little Foxes, a drama by Lillian Hellman, was first produced in New York in 1939.A playB novelC musicalD dance10 The new wing of the National Art Gallery in Washington D.C., drew twenty-two thousandvisitors on its opening day.A captivatedB attractedC entertainedD fascinated11 Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other drawback.A propertyB additiveC disadvantageD disparity12 A long journey in cold weather is dreadfully tiring.A unfortunatelyB terriblyC noticeablyD predictably13 The manchineel tree has smooth, pale brown bark and long, drooping branches.A spindlyB pricklyC saggingD blossoming14 A drop in the overall price of goods and services may signal a period of deflation.A A freezeB A patternC A fallD An interest15 The drought destroyed the crops in the Southwest of the United States.A dry periodB precipitationC locustsD temperature extreme第二部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。
职称英语理工B历年真题-2014
2014职称英语理工B 真题及答案第一部分：词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
1. The majority of people around here are decent.A. realB. honestC. normalD. wealthy答案：D2. The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.A. hiddenB. traditionalC. inflexibleD. official答案：C3. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.A. furnishB. copyC. publishD. summarize答案：A4. Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down.A. excitementB. disappointmentC. angerD. calm答案：B5. Several windows had been smashed.A. cleanedB. replacedC. fixedD. broken答案：D6. The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.A. painsB. partsC. aspectsD. results答案：A7. London quickly became a flourishing port.A. majorB. largeC. successfulD. commercial答案：C8. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.A. homeworkB. justiceC. modelD. act答案：D9. He led a very moral life.A. humanB. intelligentC. naturalD. honourable答案：D10. His stomach felt hollow with fear.A. sincereB. respectfulC. emptyD. terrible答案：C11. It was a majic night until the spell was broken.A. timeB. charmC. spaceD. opportunity答案：B12. His professional career spanned 16 years.A. startedB. changedC. movedD. lasted答案：D13. They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.A. discoverB. proveC. considerD. imagine答案：A14. His knowledge of French is fair.A. very usefulB. very limitedC. quite goodD. rather special答案：C15. The group does not advocate the use of violence.A. limitB. regulateC. opposeD. support答案：D第二部分：阅读判断下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2014年职称英语(理工类)教材新增文章(完全版)
2014年职称英语(理工类)教材新增文章第二部分阅读判断﹡第8篇What Is a Dream?（B级）For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact., many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person's mind and emotions.Before modern times,many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It Was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to Study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams ( 1900) , Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person's wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings , thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud's. Jung,however,had a diffent idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer.He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.For example,people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand,people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modem-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example,psychologist William Domhoff from the University of Califoria, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women's dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from ll cultures around the world,including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer th is question in different ways. However,one thing they agree on is this :If you dream that somethingterrible is going to occur,you shouldn't panic. The dream may have meaning,but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.词汇：psychologist [saɪˈkɔlədʒɪst] n．心理学家psychiatrist [saɪˈkaɪətrɪst]，2．精神病学家（医生）Austrian[ˈɔstrɪən] adj奥地利的 gender[ˈdʒendə] n．性别注释：Sigmund Freud：西格蒙德·弗洛伊德（1856一1939），犹太人，奥地利精神病医生及精神分析学家。
2014年全国职称英语考试通关必备利器理工类B级教材牛津英语同义词字典版
MCar Thieves Could Be Stopped RemotelySpeeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in a nasty surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer, and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again.For now, such devices are only available for fleets of trucks and specialist vehicles used on construction sites. But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars, and should be available to ordinary cars in the UK in two months.The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car incorporates a miniature cellphone, a micioprocessor and memory, and a GPS satellite positioning receiver.If the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted.There are even plans for immobilizers that shut down vehicles on the move, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system.In the UK, an array of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves. “The pattern of vehicles crime has changed,” says Martyn Randall of Thatcham, a security research organization based in Berkshire that is funded in part by the motor insurance industry.He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old.Modern cars are a far tougher proposition, as their engine management computer will not allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out14 by the ignition key. In the UK, technologies like this have helped achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehiclerelated crime15 since 1997.But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars. Often by getting hold of the owner’s keys in a burglary. In 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken by using the owner’s keys,which doubles the previous year’s figure.Remotecontrolled immobilization system would put a major new obstacle in the criminal’s way by making such thefts pointless. A group that includes Thatcham, the police,insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than the customer expects. An Intelligent CarDriving needs sharp eyes, keen ears, quick brain, and coordination between hands and the brain. Many human drivers have all these and can control a fastmoving car. But how does an intelligent car control itself?There is a virtual driver1 in the smart car. This virtual driver1 has “eyes”, “brains”, “hands” and “feet”, too. The minicameras on each side of the car are his “eyes”, which observe the road conditions ahead of it. They watch the traffic to the car’s left and right. There is also a highly automatic driving system in the car. It is the builtin computer, which is the virtual driver’s ‘brain”. His “brain” calculates the speeds of other moving cars near it and analyzes their positions. Basing on this information, it chooses the right path for the intelligent car, and gives instructions to the “hands” and “feet” to act accordingly. In this way, the virtual driver controls his car.What is the virtual driver’s best advantage? He reacts quickly. The minicameras are sending images continuously to the “brain. “ It completes the processing of the images within 100 milliseconds. However, the world’s best driver at least needs one second to react. Besides, when he takes action, he needs one more second.The virtual driver is really wonderful. He can reduce the accident rate considerably on expressways. In this case, can we let him have the wheel at any time and in any place? Experts warn that we cannot do that just yet. His ability to recognize things is still limited He can now only drive an intelligent car on expressways. Why India Needs Its Dying VulturesThe vultures in question may look ugly and threatening, but the sudden sharp decline in three species of India’s vultures is producing alarm rather than celebration, and it presents the world with a new kind of environmental problem .The dramatic decline in vulture numbers is causing widespread disruption to people living in the same areas as the birds. It is also causing serious public health problems across the Indian subcontinent. While their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many Indians ，vultures have long played a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over India clean. It is because they feed on dead cows. In India, cows are sacred animals and are traditionally left in the open when they die in their thousands upon thousands every year.The disappearance of the vultures has led to_ an explosion in the numbers of wild dogs feeding on the remains of these dead animals. There are fears that rabies may_increase as a result. And this terrifying disease may ultimately affect humans in the region, since wild dogs are its main carriers. Rabies could also spread to other animal species, causing an even greater problem in the future.The need for action is urgent, so an emergency project has been launched to find a solution to this serious vulture problem. Scientists are trying to identify the disease causing the birds ， deaths and, if possible, develop a cure.Largescale vulture deaths were first noticed at the end of the 1980s in India. A population survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had declined by over 90 percent. All three species are now listed as “critically endangered”. As most vultures lay only single eggs and_take about five years to reach maturity, reversing theirM population decline will be a long and difficultexercise.Wonder WebsSpider webs are more than homes, and they areingenious traps. And the world’s best web spinnermay be the Golden Orb Weaver spider. The femaleOrb Weaver spins a web of fibers thin enough to beinvisible to insect prey, yet tough enough to snare aflying bird without breaking.The secret of the web’s strength? A type ofsuperresilient silk called dragline. When thefemale spider is ready to weave the web’s spokesand frame, she uses her legs to draw the airy threadout through a hollow nozzle in her belly. Draglineis not sticky, so the spider can race back and forthalong it to spin the web’s trademark spiral.Unlike some spiders that weave a new webevery day, a Golden Orb Weaver reuses herhandiwork until it falls apart, sometimes not fortwo years1. The silky thread is five times strongerthan steel by weight and absorbs the force of animpact three times better than Kevlar, ahighstrength humanmade material used inbulletproof vests. And thanks to its high tensilestrength, or the ability to resist breaking under thepulling force called tension, a single strand canstretch up to 40 percent longer than its originallength and snap back as well as new. Nohumanmade fiber even comes close.It is no wonder manufacturers are clamoring forspider silk. In the consumer pipeline:highperformance fabrics for athletes and stockingsthat never run. Think parachute cords andsuspension bridge cables. A steady supply of spidersilk would be worth billions of dollars– but how toproduce it? Harvesting silk on spider farms doesnot work because the territorial arthropods have atendency to devour their neighbors.Now, scientists at the biotechnology companyNexia are spinning artificial silk modeled afterGolden Orb dragline. The first step: extractsilkmaking genes from the spiders. Next, implantthe genes into goat egg cells. The nanny goats thatgrow from the eggs secrete dragline silk proteins intheir milk. “The young goats pass on thesilkmaking gene without any help from us,” saysNexia president Jeffrey Turner. Nexia is stillperfecting the spinning process, but they hopeartificial spider silk will soon be snaggingcustomers as fast as the real thing snags bugs.Chicken Soup for the Soul: Comfort FoodFights LonelinessMashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may bebad for your arteries,but according to a study inPsychological Science, they’re good for your heartand emotions. The study focuses on “comfortfood’’ and how it makes people feel.“For me personally, food has always played abig role in my family,” says Jordan Troisi, agraduate student at the University of Buffalo, andlead author on the study. The study came out of theresearch program of his coauthor Shira Gabriel. Ithas looked at nonhuman things that may affecthuman emotions. Some people reduce lonelinessby bonding with their favorite TV show, buildingvirtual relationships with a pop song singer orlooking at pictures of loved ones. Troisi andGabriel wondered if comfort food could have thesame effect by making people think of their nearestand dearest.In one experiment, in order to makeparticipants feel lonely, the researchers had themwrite for six minutes about a fight with someoneclose to them. Others were given an emotionallyneutral writing assignment. Then, some people ineach group wrote about the experience of eating acomfort food and others wrote about eating a newfood.Finally, the researchers had participantscomplete questions about their levels of loneliness.Writing about a fight with a close person madepeople feel lonely. But people who were generallysecure in their relationships would feel less lonelyby writing about a comfort food. “We have foundthat comfort foods are consistently associated withthose close to us,” says Troisi. “Thinking about orconsuming these foods later then serves as areminder of those close others. “ In their essays oncomfort food, many people wrote about theexperience of eating food with family and friends.In another experiment,eating chicken soup in thelab made people think more about relationships,but only if they considered chicken soup to be acomfort food. This was a question they had beenasked long before the experiment, along with manyother questions, so they wouldn’t remember it.Throughout everyone’s daily lives theyexperience stress, often associated with ourconnections with others,” Troisi says. “Comfortfood can be an easy remedy for loneliness.A Sunshade for the Planet 地球防晒霜Even with the best will in the world就算怀着最美好的愿望， 仅仅减少二氧化碳的排放量还是不能制止全球变暖。
2014年职称英语考试教材理工类新增文章
2014年职称英语考试教材理工类新增文章DA RightB WrongC Not mentioned5. So far Bill Gates has contributed several dozen billion dollars to the charities.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6. Bill Gates and his wife consider it their duty to help the poor better their health and education as much as possible.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7. Bill Gates will leave only a small portion of his wealth for his children.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned答案与题解：1.A文章第三段中比尔?盖茨说，当他念七年级时，电脑就是冰箱那么大小。
2.A文章第三段比尔?盖茨说，他30年前与Paul Allen一起创办微软公司时就梦想一桌一机、一户一机，而且从其他各段也可以看到他对电脑有很多的期待。
3.B从第七段第二句可以看到作这样比较的是他的朋友Warren Buffett，而不是他自己。
4.B在倒数第三段，比尔?盖茨已经明确说，所有这些儿童的死亡都一样令人伤心和悲痛，没有什么区别。
5.c文章没有提到他给慈善机构捐款的事。
6.A倒数第四段比尔?盖茨认为他一生好运，就理应回报社会，所以他和他的妻子做出了承诺，要帮助尽可能多的人改善医疗和教育条件。
7.C文章没有提到。
(A)第十四篇：Stage FrightFall down as you come onstage. That's an odd trick. Not recommended. But it saved the pianist Vladimir Feltsman when he was a teenager back in Moscow. The veteran cellist MstislavRostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic,Mr. Feltsman said, "Allmy fright was gone. I already fell. What else could happen?"Today, music schools are addressing the problem of anxiety in classes that deal withperformance techniques and career preparation. There are a variety of strategies that musicians can learn to fight stage fright and its symptoms:icy fingers, shaky limbs ,racing heart,blank mind.Teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging advice, from basics like learning pieces inside out, to mental discipline, such as visualizing a performance and taking steps to relax. Don't deny that you're jittery ,they urge; some excitement is natural, even necessary for dynamic playing. And play in public often, simply for the experience.Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests' some strategies for the moments before performance, "Take two deep abdominal breaths, open up your shoulders, then smile," she says. "And not one of these 'please don't kill me' smiles. Then choose three friendly faces in the audience, people you would communicate with and make music to, and make eye contact with them. " She doesn't want performers to think of the audience as a judge.Extreme demands by mentors or parents are often at the root of stage fright, says DorothyDelay, a well-known violin teacher. She tells other teachers to demand only what their students are able to achieve. .When Lynn Harrell was 20, he became the principal cellist of the Cleverland Orchestra, and he suffered extreme stage fright. "There were times when I got so nervous I was sure the audience could see my chest responding to the throbbing. It was just total panic. I came to a point where I thought, ' If I have to go through this to play music, I think I' m going to look for another job. Recovery, he said, involved developing humility-recognizing that whatever his talent, he was fallible, and that an imperfect concert was not a disaster. 6It is not only young artists who suffer, of course. The legendary pianist Vladimir Horowitz'snerves were famous. The great tenor Franco Corelli is another example. "They had to push him on stage," Soprano Renata Scotto recalled.Actually, success can make things worse. "In the beginning of your career,when you're scared to death, nobody knows who you are, and theydon't have any expectations," Soprano June Anderson said. "There's less to lose. Later on, when you're known, p.eople are coming to see you, and they have certain expectations. You have a lot to lose. "Anderson added, "I never stop being nervous until I've sung my last note. "注释：1.Stage Fright：怯场2.The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre—performance panic.资深大提琴家Mstislav Rostropovich故意把Vladimir Feltsman绊倒，因而治愈了他的上台前的恐惧症。
2014年全国职称英语考试理工类B--阅读理解单词教材
阅读理解第十七篇A Sunshade for the Planetplanet ['plænit] n.[天]行星carbon ['kɑ:bən]n.[化学]碳；（一张）复写纸；[电]碳精棒[片，粉]，碳精电极；复写的副本adj.碳的；碳处理的emission [i'miʃn]n.排放，辐射；排放物，散发物（尤指气体）；（书刊）发行，发布（通知）global adj.全球的，全球性的，有关全球大局的；全面的，整体的，全局的；球形的，球状的，球面的，球体的；[计]全程的measure n.测量，测度；措施；程度；尺寸vt.测量；估量vi.测量；测量（大小，容量，尺寸等）climate n.气候；水土，风土；（社会思想等的）趋势，倾向；思潮modal n.<语法>情态动词adj.形式的；情态的；模式的；语气的leave open 遗留；未解决extreme [ik'stri:m]adj.极端的，过激的；极限的，非常的；末端的；（政治上）急进的n.极端；困境；[数]极限值sea level n.海平面；潮位；海面resistance [ri'zistəns]n.抵抗；阻力；抗力；电阻special interest group 利益集团；特殊兴趣团体；专业组action n.行动，活动；功能，作用；手段；[法]诉讼implement ['implimənt]vt.实施，执行；使生效，实现；落实（政策）；把…填满n.工具，器械；家具；手段；[法]履行（契约等）soon enough adv.非常快地；足够快地trick [trik]n.戏法，把戏；计谋，诀窍；骗局；恶作剧vt.哄骗，欺骗；打扮adj.弄虚作假的；有诀窍的；欺诈的sleeve [sli:v]n.[机]套筒，套管；袖子，袖套；唱片套vt.给…装袖子；给…装套筒up one's sleeve 作为锦囊妙计的；留作一手的resist [ri'zist]v.抵抗，抗拒；忍耐；反对，抵制n.防染剂；防腐剂option n.选择（的自由）；选项；选择权；选择能力vt.得到或获准进行选择；调动球员invite [in'vait]vt.邀请；请求；引诱；招致n.邀请sense [sens]n.感觉，官能；意识，观念；理性；识别力vt.感到；理解，领会；检测出complacency n.自满，满足；自鸣得意thwart vt.阻挠；使受挫折；挫败；<旧>横过n.<船>横座板，划手座，独木舟的横梁adj.横放的，横着的，穿过的；<旧>执拗的，固执的effort n.努力，尝试；工作；成就；杰作tackle ['tækl]n.用具，装备；索具；阻挡；阻截队员vt.着手处理root [ru:t]n.根，根源；原因，本质；祖先；[乐]和弦基音vt.使生根；使固定；根源在于；欢呼，喝彩vi.生根；根除fresh adj.新鲜的；淡水的；新的；无经验的adv.刚；最新的n.开始；新生；泛滥；淡水流scale [skeil]n.规模；比例（尺）；鱼鳞；级别vt.测量；攀登；刮去…的鳞片vi.衡量；攀登；（鳞屑）脱落；生水垢project vt.放映；计划；发射；展现，使突出vi.伸出，突出counteract vt.抵消；阻碍；中和analogy n.类似，相似；比拟，类比；类推methadone n.美沙酮（一种镇静剂）draw vt.& vi.绘画；拖，拉；招致；吸引vt.画；拉；吸引vi.移动；拔出剑；皱缩；汲取n.平局；抽奖heroin n.海洛因；吗啡addict ['ædikt]n.有瘾的人；入迷的人；（吸毒）成瘾者vt.使沉溺；使上瘾；使自己沾染（某些恶习）treatment n.治疗，疗法；处理；待遇，对待hospitalization n.医院收容，住院治疗；送入医院；留诊rehab ['ri:hæb]n.修复；复兴；恢复名誉；复职basically adv.主要地；从根本上说；基本，基本上；总的说来apply [ə'plai]vt.应用，运用；申请；涂；敷（药）vi.申请，请求，适用；适用，适合；专心致志sunscreen 防晒霜astronomer n.天文学者，天文学家come up 发生；上来；提到；开庭；被提及；被讨论radical adj.根本的，基本的；激进的；彻底的；[植]根生的n.激进分子；根基，原子团；[数学]根数launch vt.发射；[计算机]开始（应用程序）；发动；开展（活动、计划等）vi.投入；着手进行；热衷于…n.投掷；大船上的小艇；大型敞篷摩托艇disc [disk]n.圆盘；唱片；磁盘；碟片block n.块；街区；<英>大楼，大厦；障碍物，阻碍vt.阻止；阻塞；限制controversial adj.有争议的，引起争议的，被争论的；好争论的deflect [di'flekt]vt.& vi.使歪斜；使弯曲；偏转，偏离greenhouse effect n.温室效应greenhouse ['ɡri:nhaʊs]n.温室，花房incident n.事件，事变；小插曲；敌对行动；骚乱adj.[法]附带的；[光]入射的；易有的，附随的cancel ['kænsl]vt.取消，注销；抵消，偿还；〈数〉约去vi.抵消，中和n.撤销，注销；〈数〉（相）约atmosphere ['ætməsfiə(r)]n.大气，空气；大气层；风格，基调；气氛crucial adj.关键性的，极其显要的；决定性的；十字形的severe [si'viə(r)]adj.严峻的；严厉的；剧烈的；苛刻的dioxide n.[化]二氧化物第十八篇Thirst for Oilthirst[θɜ:st]n.（口）渴；渴感；长期的干渴vi.渴望；口渴devour[dɪ'vaʊə(r)]vt.狼吞虎咽地吃光；吞没，毁灭；全神贯注地看equivalent[ɪˈkwɪvələnt]adj.相等的，相当的，等效的；等价的，等积的；[化学]当量的n.对等物；[化学]当量barrel['bærəl]n.桶；一桶之量；圆筒，活塞筒，滚筒；圆筒adj.桶状的vi.高速行驶vt.装进桶里，放进桶里cover['kʌvə(r)]vt.覆盖，遮蔽；采访，报导；涉及；包括n.盖子，覆盖物；（书等的）封面；隐蔽，遮蔽；（保险公司的）保险vi.代替；覆盖so far 到目前为止；迄今为止；到这点为止；仅到一定程度get at 得到；找到；责备；暗示dwindle['dwɪndl]vi.减少，变小，缩小；衰落，变坏，退化cure[kjʊə(r)]vt.治愈；矫正；解决；消除vi.受治疗；被加工处理n.治愈；药物；疗法；措施addiction[əˈdɪkʃn]n.入迷，嗜好；上瘾；吸毒成瘾；癖好steam driven 蒸汽动力的industrial[ɪnˈdʌstriəl]adj.工业的，产业的；从事工业的；供工业用的；来自勤劳的n.工业股票；工业工人revolution n.革命；彻底改变；旋转；运行，公转dense adj.密集的，稠密的；浓密的，浓厚的；愚钝的decline[dɪ'klaɪn]n.下降；（力量、健康、品格、权力、价值等的）衰退；下倾；（人、生命等的）衰退期vt.& vi.辞谢，谢绝（邀请等）vi.（道路、物体等）下倾；（太阳）落下；（在品格、价值上）降低；衰落，谢绝vt.谢绝，婉拒environmental[ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl]adj.（个人）环境的，由个人环境产生的，周围的；环境艺术的fossil['fɒsl]n.化石；僵化的事物；老顽固，食古不化的人；习语中保存的旧词adj.化石的；陈腐的，守旧的plentiful[ˈplentɪfl]adj.丰富的；富产的；丰饶的；充沛reserve[rɪ'zɜ:v]n.保存，储备，储存；[商]准备金，公积金；预备品；储藏量vt.储备；保留；预约vi.预订adj.保留的；预备的petroleum [pə'trəʊlɪəm]n.石油mineral['mɪnərəl]n.矿物；矿石；矿物质；汽水adj.矿物的，似矿物的diesel[ˈdi:zl]n.柴油机；柴油机机车（或船等）；柴油various[ˈveəriəs]adj.各种各样的；多方面的；许多的；各个的，个别的substance['sʌbstəns]n.物质，材料；实质，内容；[神]灵；（织品的）质地consume[kən'sju:m]vt.消耗，消费；耗尽，毁灭；吃光，喝光；烧毁generate['dʒenəreɪt]vt.形成，造成；产生物理反应；产生（后代）；引起proportion [prəˈpɔ:ʃn]n.比，比率；[数学]比例（法）；面积；相称，平衡vt.使成比例；使相称；使均衡majority[mə'dʒɒrətɪ]n.多数；（获胜的）票数；成年；法定年龄significant[sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt]adj.重要的；有意义的；有重大意义的；值得注意的n.有意义的事物；象征，标志reliance[rɪ'laɪəns]n.依靠，依赖；信任，信赖，信心；所信赖的人或物predict vt.预言，预测；预示，预告vi.预言，预示：预言某事，预言exhaust[ɪɡ'zɔ:st]vt.用尽，耗尽；使精疲力尽；排出；彻底探讨vi.排气n.（排出的）废气；排出；排气装置accessible[əkˈsesəbl]adj.易接近的；可理解的；易相处的；易感的estimate['estɪmət]n.估计，预测；报价，预算书；评价，判断vt.估计，估算；评价，评论；估量，估价vary['veərɪ]vi.变化；不同，偏离；[生]变异vt.使不同；使多样化；[音乐]变奏crisis['kraɪsɪs]n.危机；危难时刻；决定性时刻，紧要关头；转折点exceed vt.超过；超越；（在数量和质量等方面）胜过；越过…的界限vi.突出，领先conventional[kən'venʃənl]adj.传统的；习用的，平常的；依照惯例的；约定的access['ækses]n.入口，出口；接近，进入；增长；爆发vt.接近，进入；使用，接近，获取shale[ʃeɪl]n.[矿]页岩；泥板岩tar n.焦油，沥青，柏油；尼古丁；<口>水手，水兵release[rɪ'li:s]vt.释放；放开；发布；发行n.释放，排放，解除；释放令；公映的新影片，发布的新闻[消息]eventually[ɪˈventʃuəli]adv.终于，最后；竟；总归；终究horror[ˈhɒrə(r)]n.恐怖，可怕的事物；嫌恶，痛恨；讨厌的人或事；〈口〉非常丑恶result in 引起，导致，以…为结局；落得；致使destruction[dɪ'strʌkʃn]n.破坏，毁灭，消灭，灭亡，扑灭，驱除；摧毁；毁灭的原因，破坏手段；杀害melting adj.熔化的；融化的；溶解的；混合的melt vi.vt.熔化，溶解；逐渐融合；逐渐消失；感动，软化，感情上变得温和第十九篇Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experiencecompanion[kəm'pænɪən]n.同伴；[天]伴星(=~star)；（用于书名）指南；同甘共苦的伙伴vt.同行；陪伴recommend[ˌrekə'mend]vt.推荐；劝告；使显得吸引人；托付vi.推荐；建议feedback n.反馈；反馈杂音；回复；自动调节interactive[ˌɪntərˈæktɪv]adj.互相作用的，相互影响的；[计]交互式的；互动的n.交互式视频设备unveil vt.揭去…的面罩；拉开…的帷幔；使公之于众；揭露vi.除去面纱（或覆盖物），揭幕；揭露出来，显露；公布；出台；推出conference[ˈkɒnfərəns]n.会议；讨论；（正式）讨论会；[工会、工党用语]（每年的）大会vi.举行或参加（系列）会议perform[pə'fɔ:m]vt.& vi.执行；履行；表演；扮演vt.工作；做；进行；完成vi.运行，表现sync[sɪŋk]n.同时，同步compose vt.组成，构成；调解；[印刷]排（字）；使安定vt.& vi.创作（乐曲、诗歌等）；为…谱曲vi.构图，构成essentially[ɪˈsenʃəli]adv.本质上，根本上；本来；大体上；基本上detect[dɪ'tekt]vt.查明，发现；洞察；侦察，侦查；[电子学]检波optimal[ˈɒptɪməl]adj.最佳的，最优的；最理想的recognition[ˌrekəgˈnɪʃn]n.认识，识别；承认，认可；褒奖；酬劳rhythm[ˈrɪðəm]n.[诗]节奏，韵律；[医]节律，规律；[乐]节拍；[艺]调和tempo['tempəʊ]n.[乐]速度，拍子；（运动或活动的）速度，进度；（下棋的）一着，一步analyze['ænəlaɪz]vt.<美>分析；分解；解释；对…进行心理分析candidate[ˈkændɪdət]n.报考者；申请求职者；攻读学位者；候选人alert[ə'lɜ:t]adj.警觉的，警惕的，注意的；思维敏捷的；活泼的n.警报；警戒状态vt.向…报警volume[ˈvɒlju:m]n.量，大量；体积；音量；卷；数额，书籍；合订本adj.大量的vt.把…收集成卷inspire[ɪn'spaɪə(r)]vt.鼓舞；激励；赋予灵感；启迪vi.吸，吸入commercialize[kə'mɜ:ʃəlaɪz]vt.（尤指不择手段地）利用…牟利，商业化exclusive[ɪk'sklu:sɪv]adj.专用的；高级的；排外的；单独的n.独家新闻；专有物；独家经营的产品（或项目、设计等）；排外者license['laɪsns]n.许可证，执照；特许vt.同意；发许可证entertain[ˌentə'teɪn]vt.热情款待；使有兴趣；抱着，怀有；考虑vi.热情款待enhance[ɪn'hɑ:ns]vt.提高，增加；加强第二十篇Explorer of Extreme Deepextreme[ɪk'stri:m]adj.极端的，过激的；极限的，非常的；末端的；（政治上）急进的n.极端；困境；[数]极限值；[常用复数]在两末端的事物fraction[ˈfrækʃn]n.[数]分数；一小部分，些微；不相连的一块，片段；[化]分馏institution[ˌɪnstɪˈtju:ʃn]n.（大学、银行等规模大的）机构；惯例，制度，规定，建立；社会事业机构；<口>名人，名物vehicle [ˈviːɪk(ə)l]n.车辆；交通工具；传播媒介，媒介物；[药]赋形剂submersible[səbˈmɜ:səbəl]n.潜水器，深潜器，潜艇；潜水的；水下使用的expedition[ˌekspəˈdɪʃn]n.考察，远航；考察队，远征军；（短途的）旅行；迅速（办理）marine[mə'ri:n]adj.海的；海产的；海军的；海事的n.水兵；海军陆战队士兵；海事，海运业geologist[dʒiˈɒlədʒɪst]n.地质学家，地质学者director[də'rektə(r)]n.主管，主任；董事，理事，经理；负责人，监督者；导演total['təʊtl]adj.总计的（金额等）；全部的；完全的；绝对的n.总计，总数；全体数量vt.& vi.总计达，计算…的总数even more 更；越发；愈加；还take sth/sb for granted 把...视作理所应该；把...作为想当然arrangement[əˈreɪndʒmənt]n.安排，料理，筹备，预备；整顿，整理，排列，布置，分类；商定，约定，协议；调解，和解maneuverable[mə'nu:vərəbəl]adj.容易操作的，有机动性的for one thing 首先；一方面overlap[ˌəʊvə'læp]n.重叠部分；覆盖物，涂盖层；[数]交叠，相交vt.重叠；与…部分相同vi.互搭，重叠；部分相同；[数]有与…共同的某物ascend[ə'send]vt.攀登；继承；占领vi.上升；爬坡；追溯descend[dɪ'send]vt.下来；向下倾斜，向下延伸；遗传下来；来自，来源于vi.(from)起源（于）；是…的后裔；(on)袭击；(to)把身份降至aspect['æspekt]n.方面；面貌；方位，方向；形势第二十一篇Plant Gasmethane[ˈmi:θeɪn]n.<化>甲烷，沼气decade[ˈdekeɪd]n.十年，十年间；十个一组；十年期geochemist[dʒi:ɒ'kemɪst]n.地球化学家assume[ə'sju:m]vt.取得（权力）；承担，担任；假设，假定；呈现oxygen['ɒksɪdʒən]n.[化]氧，氧气previous[ˈpri:viəs]adj.先前的；以前的；过早的；（时间上）稍前的adv.在先，在…以前microbe[ˈmaɪkrəʊb]n.微生物，细菌trap[træp]vt.诱骗；使受限制；困住；使（水与气体等）分离n.圈套；（对付人的）计谋；（练习射击用的）抛靶器；（捕捉动物的）夹子vi.设陷阱；装捕捉机；设圈套contribute[kən'trɪbju:t]vt.& vi.贡献出；捐赠（款项）；投稿（给杂志等）；出力；促成；是导致....的原因chamber['tʃeɪmbə(r)]n.室，卧室，会客室；内庭；[多用于英国]律师的办公室；议事厅vt.限制，幽禁，封闭或限制；使备有房间concentration[ˌkɒn snˈtreɪʃn]n.集中；专心；关注；浓度degree[dɪˈgri:]n.[乐]音阶，度；[数]度，度数；程度；学位celsius[ˈselsiəs]n.摄氏adj.摄氏的gram[ɡræm]n.绿豆；鹰嘴豆；绿豆种子；克nanogram['neɪnəgræm]n.毫微克roughly[ˈrʌfli]adv.粗略地；大体上；大致上；粗暴地tissue[ˈtɪʃu:]n.薄纸，棉纸；[生]组织；一套tripled v.（使）增至三倍expose[ɪk'spəʊz]vt.揭露，揭发；使暴露；使遭受；使曝光bacteria[bæk'tɪərɪə]n.细菌(bacterium的名词复数)observation[ˌɒbzəˈveɪʃn]n.观察；观察力；注意；观察报告；观察记录，评论assess[ə'ses]vt.评定；估价；对（财产、收入等）进行估价（作为征税根据）；确定（损害赔偿金、税款、罚款等）的金额第二十二篇Snowflakessnowflake['snəʊfleɪk]n.雪花，雪片confirm vt.[法]确认，批准；证实；使有效；使巩固examine[ɪɡ'zæmɪn]vt.检查，调查；考试；诊察；审问vi.检查；调查septillion[sepˈtɪljən]n.（美、法）一千的八次方，（英、德）百万的七乘方confident[ˈkɒnfɪdənt]adj.确信的，深信的；有信心的，沉着的；大胆的，过分自信的；厚颜无耻的n.知己；心腹朋友flaky[ˈfleɪki]adj.薄片的；成片的；薄而易剥落的；<美俚>极古怪的crystalline['krɪstəlaɪn]adj.水晶的；似水晶的；结晶质的；清澈的n.结晶性，结晶度lattice['lætɪs]n.格子框架；类似格子框架的设计vt.把…制成格子状；用格子覆盖或装饰crystal['krɪstl]n.结晶（体）；晶体；水晶；水晶饰品adj.水晶的；水晶般的；透明的；清楚的column[ˈkɔləm]n.纵队，列；圆柱acquire[ə'kwaɪə(r)]vt.获得，取得；学到symmetry['sɪmətrɪ]n.对称；对称美；整齐，匀称blossom['blɒsəm]n.花，群花；开花时期，（发育的）初期；兴旺时期vi.（植物）开花；繁荣，兴旺；长成sprout[spraʊt]vi.发芽；抽芽vt.使发芽；使生长n.幼芽，新梢；[植]球芽甘蓝；幼苗状物，年轻人；美俚〉后代a matter of 大约，大概ornate[ɔ:ˈneɪt]adj.装饰华丽的；（文体）绚丽的；矫揉造作的appearance[əˈpɪərəns]n.外貌，外观；出现，露面；[哲]现象humidity[hju:ˈmɪdəti]n.（空气中的）湿度；潮湿，高温潮湿；湿热；[物]湿度intricate[ˈɪntrɪkət]adj.错综复杂的；难理解的；曲折；盘错molecule[ˈmɒlɪkju:l]n.分子；微小颗粒vapor['veɪpə]n.水汽，水蒸气，无实质之物；自夸者；幻想[药]吸入剂[古]忧郁（症）v.自夸，（使）蒸发speck[spek]n.污点；微粒vt.使有斑点bop[bɒp]n.波普爵士乐；一击，一掴；防喷器vt.跳舞；击，打；[俚] 去toss[tɒs]vt.& vi.（轻轻或漫不经心地）扔；（使）摇荡；摇匀；（为…）掷硬币决定n.掷硬币决定；向上甩头；猛仰头（尤指表示恼怒或不耐烦）；（尤指比赛或游戏中）投掷span[spæn]n.共轭（马、骡）；跨度，墩距；一段时间；[航] 跨绳vt.缚住或扎牢；跨越时间或空间；以掌测量；以手围绕测量类似测量manufacture[ˌmænjʊ'fæktʃə(r)]vt.制造，生产；捏造，虚构；加工；从事制造n.制造；制成品，产品；工业，工厂；（文学作品等的）粗制滥造identical[aɪˈdentɪkl]adj.同一的；完全同样的，相同的；恒等的；同卵的n.完全相同的事物；同卵双胞slight[slaɪt]adj.微小的；细小的；不结实的；无须重视的n.轻蔑，忽视，冷落vt.轻蔑，忽视，怠慢profile['prəʊfaɪl]n.侧面，半面；外形，轮廓；[航]翼型；人物简介vt.描…的轮廓；给…画侧面图；为（某人）写传略；[机]铣出…的轮廓第二十三篇Powering a City? It’s a Breezegraceful[ˈgreɪsfl]adj.优美的，优雅的；雅致的，美好的；得体的；飘逸windmill['wɪndmɪl]n.风车；旋转玩具；<口>直升飞机landscape ['lændskeɪp]n.风景；风景画；乡村风景画；地形vt.对…做景观美化，给…做园林美化；从事庭园设计vi.美化（环境等），使景色宜人；做庭园设计师symbol['sɪmbl]n.象征；标志；符号；记号vt.用符号代表tulip['tju:lɪp]n.郁金香yield[ji:ld]vt.屈服，投降；生产；获利；不再反对vi.放弃，屈服；生利；退让，退位n.产量，产额；投资的收益；屈服，击穿；产品frontier['frʌntɪə(r)]n.边疆，边境；边界，边缘；尚待开发的领域adj.边疆的，边界的；新垦地的，边地的；开拓的urban['ɜ:bən]adj.都市的；城镇的；城市的rooftop n.屋顶；from the rooftops 公开宣布；使尽人皆知rural[ˈruərəl]adj.乡下的，农村的；田园的；地方的；农业的counterpart[ˈkaʊntəpɑ:t]n.配对物；副本；相对物；极相似的人或物direction n.方向，指南；指挥，指导，管理；用法说明，指示，命令，吩咐；导演，（乐队）指挥pattern['pætn]n.模式；花样，样品；图案；榜样，典范vt.模仿；以图案装饰vi.形成图案prototype['prəʊtətaɪp]n.原型，雏形，蓝本deployment[dɪ'plɔɪmənt]n.部署；调度current['kʌrənt]adj.现在的；最近的；流行的；流传的n.趋势；电流；水流；涌流electricity[ɪˌlek'trɪsətɪ]n.电力；电流，静电；高涨的情绪；紧张commercial[kəˈmə:ʃəl]adj.商业的；贸易的；营利的；靠广告收入的n.（电台或电视播放的）广告crane[kreɪn]n.吊车，起重机；鹤vt.& vi.伸长，探头vi.迟疑，踌躇pioneer[ˌpaɪə'nɪə(r)]n.拓荒者；开发者；先驱者；创始者n.拓荒者；开发者；先驱者；创始者concern[kənˈsɜ:n]vt.涉及，关系到；使关心，使担忧；参与n.关心；关系，有关；顾虑；公司或企业potential [pəˈtenʃl]adj.潜在的，有可能的；[语法学]可能语气的，表示可能性的；有能力的n.潜力，潜能；[物]电位，势能；潜能的事物；[语]可能语气skyscraper['skaɪskreɪpə(r)]n.摩天大楼，超高层大楼；特别高的东西hectic[ˈhektɪk]adj.繁忙的，忙乱的；兴奋的，狂热的；（因患肺病等）发烧的；患热病的n.肺病热患者；[医]潮红portable[ˈpɔ:təbl]adj.手提的；轻便的n.手提式打字机第二十四篇Underground Coal Fires—a Looming Catastropheloom[lu:m]n.织布机，织布法；若隐若现的景象；桨柄；[航]翼肋腹部vi.& link-v.朦胧出现vi.隐约地出现；赫然耸现；迫在眉睫catastrophe[kə'tæstrəfɪ]n.大灾难；惨败；悲剧的结局；地表突然而猛烈的变动，灾变threaten['θretn]vt.& vi.预示（某事）；恐吓；危及；预示凶兆vi.似将发生；威胁largescale[lɑ:d'ʒeskeɪl]大规模的，大型的，（地图）大比例的blaze[bleɪz]n.火焰；光辉；爆发；光彩vi.猛烈地燃烧；发光，照耀vt.在树片上刻痕指示（道路等）；公开宣布vegetation[ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃn]n.植物（总称），草木；[医]赘生物，增殖体；无所作为的生活，单调的生活；[植]营养体生长，发育ignite[ɪɡ'naɪt]vt.点燃；使燃烧；使激动；使灼热vi.点火；燃烧annual [ˈænjuəl]adj.每年的；一年的；[植物]一年生的n.年刊；一年生植物association[əˌsəʊʃɪ'eɪʃn]n.协会，社团；联合，联系；联想poisonous [ˈpɔɪzənəs]adj.有毒的；有害的；恶意的；<口>讨厌的element['elɪmənt]n.[化]元素；要素；原理；[电]电阻丝；成分；组成部分arsenic [ˈɑ:snɪk]n.砷；三氧化二砷，砒霜adj.砷的，含砷（主要指五价砷）的mercury[ˈmɜ:kjəri]n.[化]汞，水银；[天]水星；温度表；精神，元气pollute[pə'lu:t]vt.污染；玷污，亵渎；破坏（品性），使堕落combination[ˌkɒmbɪ'neɪʃn]n.合作；密码组合；联合体；排列spontaneous[spɒnˈteɪniəs]adj.自发的；自然的；天然产生的；无意识的stockpile['stɒkpaɪl]n.（原料，食品等的）储备，准备急用的备用原料或物资，贮存；资源，富源，矿藏量；（为战争准备的）核武器vt.大量贮备abandon[ə'bændən]vt.放弃，抛弃；离弃，丢弃；使屈从；停止进行，终止n.放任，放纵；完全屈从于压制economy[ɪ'kɒnəmɪ]n.节约；经济；理财；秩序delegate['delɪɡət]n.代表，代表团成员vt.委派代表；授权给；[法律]债务转移analysis[əˈnæləsɪs]n.分析，分解；梗概，要略；[数]解析；验定impact['ɪmpækt]n.碰撞，冲击，撞击；影响；冲击力vt.挤入，压紧；撞击；对…产生影响vi.冲撞，冲击；产生影响underway adj.在进行中的；起步的；[航]在航行中的adv.进行中n.在航；水底通道fume[fju:m]n.烟气，烟雾；愤怒，烦恼vi.冒烟；发怒vt.用烟熏；烘制（木材等）regional adj.地区的，区域的；特定区域的，特定地区的；方言的；区域性detect[dɪ'tekt]vt.查明，发现；洞察；侦察，侦查；[电子学]检波monitor['mɒnɪtə(r)]n.显示屏，屏幕；[计]显示器；监测仪；监控人员，班长vt.监控，监听；搜集，记录；测定；监督vi.监视ultimately[ˈʌltɪmətli]adv.最后，最终；基本上；根本emit[ɪ'mɪt]vt.发出；发射；颁布；发表；排放；散发grout[ɡraʊt]n.薄泥浆，水泥浆vt.用薄泥浆填塞，（猪等）用鼻子拱mortar ['mɔ:tə(r)]n.迫击炮；砂浆；房产；研钵crevice[ˈkrevɪs]n.（尤指岩石的）裂缝，缺口supply[sə'plaɪ]vt.供给；补充；弥补（缺陷、损失等）；向…提供（物资等）n.供给物；储备物质；粮食第二十五篇Eat to Livemeager['mi:gə]adj.瘦的；粗劣的；不足的；贫乏的diet['daɪət]n.日常饮食；规定饮食vt.& vi.（使）节制饮食vi.节食；进规定饮食hang on to 继续保留；紧紧抓住vigor['vɪgə]n.<美>（法律上的）效力；智力；（语言等的）气势；（动，植物的）强健colleague ['kɒli:ɡ]n.同事；同僚；同行gene[dʒi:n]n.<生>基因；遗传因子liver['lɪvə(r)]n.肝脏；（食用）肝；深赤褐色；生活者adj.肝味的；深赤褐色的genetic [dʒəˈnetɪk]adj.遗传的；基因的；起源的，起因的；演变的rejuvenation [rɪˌdʒu:və'neɪʃn]n.返老还童；恢复活力；回春；复壮reverse[rɪ'vɜ:s]vt.& vi.（使）反转；（使）颠倒；掉换，交换；[法]撤消，推翻vi.倒退；adj.反面的；颠倒的；倒开的；[生]倒卷的n.倒转，反向；[机]回动；倒退；失败damage['dæmɪdʒ]vt.& vi.损害，毁坏n.损害，损毁；赔偿金metabolize[mə'tæbəlaɪz]vt.使发生新陈代谢toxin[ˈtɒksɪn]n.毒素；毒质inflammation[ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃn]n.[医]炎症；燃烧；发火kick in 开始起作用indication [ˌɪndɪˈkeɪʃn]n.指示；象征；表明；标示institute['ɪnstɪtju:t]vt.建立；制定；开始；着手n.协会；学会；学院；（教育、专业等）机构restriction[rɪ'strɪkʃn]n.限制，限定；拘束，束缚；管制attract[ə'trækt]vt.吸引；诱惑；引起…的好感（或兴趣）vi.具有吸引力；引人注意tempt[tempt]vt.引诱，怂恿；吸引；冒…的风险；使感兴趣vi.有吸引力tradeoff n.（公平）交易，折衷，权衡；交换restaurant['restrɒnt]n.饭店；餐馆；饭馆；菜馆lifespan[ˈlaɪfspæn]n.（人或动物的）寿命；存在期；使用期；有效期genetics[dʒəˈnetɪks]n.遗传学calorie['kælərɪ]n.大卡；千卡（食物所产生的能量单位）；卡路里；卡（热量单位）第二十六篇Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differentlyaviation[ˌeɪviˈeɪʃn]n.航空；飞行术，航空学；飞机制造业；[集合词]飞机flaw n.瑕疵，缺点；错误；缺陷identify[aɪ'dentɪfaɪ]vt.识别，认出；确定；使参与；把…看成一样vi.确定；认同in terms of 根据；按照involve[ɪn'vɒlv]vt.包含；使参与，牵涉；围绕，缠绕；使专心于policy['pɒləsɪ]n.政策；策略；保险单；策略性established[ɪˈstæblɪʃt]adj.已建立的；已设立的；已制定的；确定的v.建立( establish 的过去式和过去分词)；确定；[植物学]使（植物）定植；使成为contributor[kənˈtrɪbjətə(r)]n.贡献者；捐助者；投稿者；原因之一mature[mə'tʃʊə(r)]adj.（人、树木、鸟或动物）成熟的；仔细考虑过的；到期（应该支付）的；成年人的vi.成熟，长成；（票据等）到期vt.使…成熟；使…长成；慎重拟定（计划等）gender['dʒendə(r)]n.性；性别extract['ekstrækt]vt.提取；（费力地）拔出；选取；获得gather[ˈgæðə(r)]vt.收集；聚集，搜集；收紧，收缩；采集vi.逐渐增加，积聚n.聚集；衣褶certificate[sə'tɪfɪkət]n.证明书；文凭，结业证书vt.发给证明书；用证书证明（或认可）categorize['kætəɡəraɪz]vt.把…归类，把…分门别类code n.[计算机]编码；代号，密码；法典；[生]遗传（密）码；行为准则；规则vt.将…译成电码；编码，加密vi.为…编码；指定遗传密码run out 用完；耗尽；跑出去；到期gear[ɡɪə(r)]n.齿轮；装置，工具；传动装置vi.接上；调和vt.使适应；装上齿轮；用齿轮连接stall[stɔ:l]n.货摊；托辞；畜栏；（房间内的）小隔间vt.& vi.（使）熄火，（使）停止转动vi.拖延vt.搪塞；暂缓；搁置；停顿kinetics[kɪ'netɪks]n.动力学guilty['ɡɪltɪ]adj.内疚的；有罪的inattentive[ˌɪnəˈtentɪv]adj.不注意的；疏忽的，漫不经心的；松散；粗疏visibility[ˌvɪzəˈbɪləti]n.能见度；可见性；可见距离；清晰度defect['di:fekt]n.瑕疵，毛病；欠缺，缺点vi.叛逃；背叛第二十七篇Driven to Distractionstretch[stretʃ]vt.伸展；张开；充分利用；使紧张n.伸展；延伸；紧张；弹性vi.伸展；伸开adj.可伸缩的；弹性的interstate[ˈɪntəsteɪt]adj.<美>洲际的give way to 让位于urban['ɜ:bən]adj.都市的；具有城市或城市生活特点的；市内congestion[kənˈdʒestʃən]n.拥挤，堵车；阻塞；充血；（人口）过剩，稠密brake n.制动器，闸；刹车；阻碍pedestrian[pəˈdestriən]n.步行者；行人adj.徒步的；平淡无奇的；一般的；平庸的demonstrate['demənstreɪt]vt.证明，证实；论证；显示，展示；演示，说明vi.示威游行simulator['sɪmjʊleɪtə(r)]n.模拟装置，模拟器guidance[ˈgaɪdns]n.指导，引导；导航；领导audible[ˈɔ:dəbl]adj.听得见的distract [dɪ'strækt]vt.使分心；使混乱offset['ɒfset]vt.抵消；补偿；vi.形成分支，长出分枝；装支管n.开端；出发；平版印刷；抵消，补偿adj.分支的；偏（离中）心的；抵消的；开端的respond[rɪ'spɒnd]vt.& vi.回答，响应vi.作出反应，响应；回报或回复auditory [ˈɔ:dətri]adj.听觉的，听觉器官的n.听众；礼堂visual['vɪʒʊəl]adj.视觉的，看得见的；光学的，视力的；形象化的；光学的n.画面，图象cue[kju:]n.暗示，提示；线索；[台]球杆；情绪，心情vt.把…插入演出；给…暗示mental[ˈmentl]adj.内心的，精神的，思想的，心理的；智慧的，智[脑]力的；〈口〉精神病的，意志薄弱的，愚笨的n.精神病患者preliminary[prɪˈlɪmɪnəri]adj.初步的，初级的；预备的；开端的；序言的n.准备工作；预赛；初步措施；（对学生等的）预考navigational [ˌnævɪ'ɡeɪʃənl]adj.航行的，航海的display[dɪˈspleɪ]n.展览，陈列；陈列品，展览品；显示器；炫耀vt.显示；陈列；展开，伸展；夸示，炫耀vi.（计算机屏幕上）显示prescribed[prɪ'skraɪbd]adj.规定的，法定的prescribe vt.指定，规定；指定，规定vi.建立规定，法律或指示；开处方，给医嘱frustrate[frʌ'streɪt]vt.挫败；阻挠；使受挫折adj.无益的，无效的route[ru:t]n.路；（公共汽车和列车等的）常规路线；航线；渠道，途径vt.按某路线发送；给…规定路线[次序，程序]broad[brɔ:d]adj.宽的；辽阔的，广袤的；广泛的，一般的；粗俗的，猥亵的n.宽大扁平的部分；〈俚语〉女人adv.充分的，完全的modify['mɒdɪfaɪ]vi.被修饰；修改vt.改变；减轻，减缓；[语]修饰，（用变音符号）改变survey['sɜ:veɪ]vi.测量土地vt.调查；勘测；俯瞰n.调查（表），调查所，测量，测量部，测量图；概观，检查，鉴定书；环顾style[staɪl]n.方式；样式；时髦；仪表，品位vt.设计；称呼；为…造型vi.使符合流行式样；用刻刀作装饰画classic['klæsɪk]adj.典型的；传统式样的；著名的；有趣的n.文豪；文学名著；优秀的典范第二十八篇Sleep Lets Brain File Memoriesacademy[ə'kædəmɪ]n.专科学校；学会，学院；一般的高等教育；私立学校，学术团体stow[stəʊ]vt.装，装载；收藏；使暂停；堆装rat n.大老鼠；似鼠动物；<非正式>鼠辈，卑鄙小人vi.捕鼠；<俚>背叛，告密electrical[ɪˈlektrɪkl]adj.用电的，与电有关的，电学的；令人激动的，紧张的，惊人的activity[æk'tɪvətɪ]n.活动；活跃，敏捷；活动力；教育活动emanate['eməneɪt]vi.发出，散发；放射；起源somatosensory[ˌsəʊmətəʊ'sensərɪ]adj.（耳、目、口等以外的）体觉的neocortex[ˌniəuˈkɔ:teks]n.新（大脑）皮层；新皮质sensory [ˈsensəri]adj.感觉的，感受的，感官的；传递感觉的process[prə'ses]n.过程；工序；做事方法；工艺流程vt.加工；处理；审阅；审核vi.列队行进hippocampus[ˌhɪpə'kæmpəs]n.海马回；海马状突起；海马体oscillation[ˌɒsɪˈleɪʃn]n.振动；动摇；波动；<物>振荡intertwine[ˌɪntə'twaɪn]vt.缠结在一起；使缠结vi.纠缠；编结spindle['spɪndl]n.纺锤，纱锭；轴；细长的人或物；[生]纺锤体adj.像锭子的，绽子似的；细长的vt.装锭子于；长成细长茎；用纺锤形锉打眼vi.长得细长ripple['rɪpl]vt.& vi.使泛起涟漪；（把头发）弄成波浪形；使作潺潺声vt.在…上形成波痕vi.发出潺潺声n.涟漪，涟波；[物]涟波；涟波声，潺潺声；（头发等的）波浪形posit['pɒzɪt]vt.假定，设想，假设interplay[ˈɪntəpleɪ]n.相互作用；相互影响consolidation[kənˌsɒlɪ'deɪʃən]n.巩固；联合；合并；变坚固associate[ə'səʊʃɪeɪt]vt.（使）发生联系；（使）联合；结交；联想vi.联盟；陪伴同事glucose['ɡlu:kəʊs]n.[化]葡萄糖，右旋糖individual[ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl]adj.个人的；独特的；个别的n.个人；个体diabetes[ˌdaɪəˈbi:ti:z]n.<医>糖尿病；多尿症；中消suffer['sʌfə(r)]vi.受痛苦；受损害；变糟；变差vt.忍受；容忍；容许；遭受collaborator[kəˈlæbəreɪtə(r)]n.协作者，合作者；通敌者investigate[ɪn'vestɪɡeɪt]vt.调查；审查；研究vi.作调查administer[əd'mɪnɪstə(r)]vt.管理；治理（国家）；给予；执行vi.执行遗产管理人的职责；给予帮助；担当管理人tolerance[ˈtɒlərəns]n.宽容，容忍；限度；公差；耐药量，耐药性subject ['sʌbdʒɪkt]n.主题，话题；学科，科目；[哲]主观adj.须服从…的；（在君主等）统治下的shrinkage[ˈʃrɪŋkɪdʒ]n.收缩，皱缩，缩水；跌价；抽缩。
2014年职称英语_国家教材精讲精练_阅读理解部分(理工类)文章精讲讲义
考试内容及试卷结构一览表
题型
材料内容
答题要求
题量
分值
第一部分Hale Waihona Puke 词汇选项(四选一)
15个句子
给出15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，要求应试者从所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
15
15
第二部分
阅读判断
(三选一)
1篇短文(300～450词)
B.It twitched but gradually gained height.
C.It was twitched and broke down.
D.It landed not long after the test.
3.Which of the following is nearest to Peter Bentley’sview on the winged robot?
KristerWolff and Peter Nordin of Chalmers University of Technology (CUT.in Gothenburg,Sweden, built a winged robot and set abouttesting whetherit could learn to fly by itself, without any pre-programmed data on what flapping is or how to do it.
Feedback from the movement detector let the program work out which sets of instructions were best at producing lift. The mostsuccessful ones were paired upand “offspring”sets of instructionswere generated by swapping instructions randomly between successful pairs. These next-generation instructions were then sent to the robot and evaluated before breeding a new generation, and the process was repeated.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
第十篇：The Biology of Music
Humans use music as a powerful way to communicate. It may also play an important role in
love. But what is music, and how does it work its magic? Science does not yet have all the
answers.
What are two things that make humans different from animals? One is language, and the other is music. It is true that some animals can sing ( and many birds sing .better than a lot of people). However,the songs of animals, such as birds and whales, are very limited. It is also true that humans, not animals ,have developed musical instruments.
Music is strange stuff. It is clearly different from language. However, people can use music to communicate things -- especially their emotions. When music is combined with speech in a song, it is a very powerful form of communication. But, biologically speaking, what is music?
If music is truly different from speech, then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain. The scientific evidence suggests that this is true.
Sometimes people who suffer brain damage lose their ability to process language. However, they don't automatically lose their musical abilities. For example, Vissarion Shebalin, a Russian
composer, had a stroke in 1953. It injured the left side of his brain. He could no longer speak or
understand speech. He could, however, still compose music until his death ten years later. On the
other hand, sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability, but they can still speak and understand speech. This shows that the brain processes music and language separately.
By studying the physical effects of music on the body, scientists have also learned a lot about how music influences the emotions. But why does music have such a strong effect on us? That is a harder question to answer. Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College, London, thinks that music and love have a strong connection. Music requires special talent, practice, and physical ability. That's why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone's.mate. For example, singing in tune or playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control. You also need a good memory to remember the notes. And playing or singing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition. Finally ,when a man sings to the woman he loves (or vice versa), it may be a way of showing off.
However ,Miller's theory still doesn't explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply. For scientists, this is clearly an area that needs further research.
注释：
1.It is also true that humans，not animals，have developed musical instruments：人研制出了乐器，而动物则不能。
develop：研制，例如：Scientists are developing new drugs to treat cancer.科学家们正在研发新药用以治疗癌症。
练习：
1. Humans,but not animals, can sing.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
2. People can use music to communicate their emotions.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned.
3. We use the same part of the brain for music and language.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
4. Geoffery Miler has done research on music and emotions.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
5. It's hard for humans to compose music.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
6. Memory is not an important part in singing in tune.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
7. Scientists does not know all the answers about the effects of music on humans.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
答案与题解：
1.B 第二段的第三句：It is true that some animals can sing(and many birds sing better than a lot of people).可以看出有些动物会唱歌，而不只人类会唱歌。
2.A第三段的第三句：However，people can use music to communicate things—especially their
emotions.这句清楚表明，人们可以用音乐来表达情感。
3.B第四段说明：科学证明人们用大脑的不同区域处理语言和音乐。
在第五段，作者用Vissarion Shebalin的例子进一步说明人脑处理语言和音乐的位置不同，Shebalin中风以后不能讲话也听不懂别人的话，但他却能创作乐曲。
4.A 第六段的第四句：Geoffrey Miller，a researcher at University College，London，thinks that
music and love have a strong connection.这句说明Miller对音乐和爱(情感)的关系进行了研究，他得出的结论是：音乐和爱有密切的关联。
5.C文中没有提及创作乐曲是否困难。
6.B第六段有一句：You also need a good memory to remember the notes.此句说明必须具备好的记忆力记音符才能唱得符合调子。
7.A最后一段讲的是：科学家们需要做更多的研究才能解释为什么有些声音影响我们的情感会如此之深。
也就是说，科学家不能全部解释音乐对人类的影响。