高考英语复习非谓语动词

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高考英语总复习--非谓语动词含解析

高考英语总复习--非谓语动词含解析

高考英语总复习--非谓语动词含解析一、单项选择非谓语动词1.When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble _ the right things to say. A.thinking of B.to think of C.thought of D.think of【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。

句意:当Peter在公众场合说话的时候,他总是很难想到合适的说话的内容。

have trouble(in) doing sth 做某事有困难。

故选A项。

2.Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to ______ a good researcher. A.make B.turnC.get D.grow【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。

make表示“发展成为(=develop into)”,是及物动词;turn表示“变成,成为”是不及物动词;get“变成,做成”是不及物动词;grow表示“生长,成长”。

根据句意“缺乏智能和毅力的人是不可能成为一个好的研究人员的。

”及句式结构可知,此处应使用及物动词表示“使成为”之意,make a good researcher 意为“成为一个出色的研究者”。

故最佳答案应为A项。

3.Premier Li Keqiang delivered a speech at the conference, _________ university graduates to start their own business.A.encouraging B.to encourageC.having encouraged D.encouraged【答案】A【解析】非谓语动词结构作非限定的后置定语,修饰先行词演说(“a speech”)。

动词鼓励(“encourage”)与先行词构成主动关系,且为进行动作,因此用现在分词进行形式。

高中英语高考复习非谓语动词知识讲解

高中英语高考复习非谓语动词知识讲解

高考英语非谓语动词知识讲解一、概念非谓语动词,又叫非限定动词,非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。

非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。

从这个定义来看,简单来说,非谓语动词就是不是谓语的动词。

这听起来像是废话,但是我们必须有明确什么是谓语动词,在前面,我们已经说清楚了。

句子只能有一个谓语动词,那么其余的动词都是非谓语动词。

谓语动词就好比皇帝,非谓语动词,就相当于他身边的奴才。

这么一说,我们就很好理解了。

一般来说,非谓语动词通常有以下三种形式:二、三种形式(一)动名词(doing)动名词指的是动词ing形式的一种,兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词(即非谓语动词)。

它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰,动名词有时态和语态的变化。

动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语,但是不能充当状语。

从上面的定义中,我们可以很清楚知道动名词,顾名思义就是兼有动词和名词两种词性的作用。

在小学和中学的课程中,我们学习动名词做主语这个语法现象比较普遍。

大部分人也是从这个时候开始知道有动名词这个概念。

那么动名词究竟是动词,还是名词?前面已经说过,它是非谓语动词的一种形式,只不过他有动词和名词两种词性的作用。

故它是动词。

那么他竟然是动词自然有动词的性质,而且它可以充当名词有名词的作用,那么名词的作用,它也都有,它可以在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。

也就是名词能干的事,它也能干。

(二)不定式(to do)动词不定式,为非谓语动词。

在英语语法中,动词不定式是指动词中的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的一种形式。

它之所以被称做不定式,是因为动词不被限定,或者说不被词性变化所局限。

不定式属于非谓语动词形式。

根据国外和国内语法学家的研究,所谓不定式,其作用就是相当于情态动词加动词原形的形式。

为什么要这样说呢?因为他们都有相同的特征,以下:第一,原形can/may/could/would do sth.= to do sth.第二,都可表示不确定语气。

高考英语复习 非谓语动词

高考英语复习 非谓语动词

高考英语复习非谓语动词动词不定式动词不定式一般由“to + 动词原形”构成。

它在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用,同时也保留着动词的一些特征,可以有自己的宾语或状语。

例如:Climbing mountains is a good start to keep fit.登山是保持健康的良好开端。

1. 作主语To see is to believe.眼见为实。

(百闻不如一见。

)2. 作表语A good way to train the brain is to do some math exercises every day.一种训练大脑的好方法是每天做些数学练习。

3. 作宾语(1) 常见的接不定式作宾语的动词有:afford,aim,ask,bear,begin,bother,care,choose,continue,dare,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,forget,hate,help,hope,intend,learn,like,long,love,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,remember,threaten,try,want,wish 等。

例如:I want to go on a trip in the summer holiday.我想在暑假去旅行。

(2) 当不定式作宾语,而后面又有宾语补足语时,常用 it 作形式宾语,而将不定式后置。

常见结构为:consider / feel / find / make / think ... + it + 宾补+ to do sth。

例如:She finds it hard to balance her business with her family life.她发现很难平衡自己的生意和家庭生活。

4. 作宾语补足语(1) 常见的接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,command,direct,enable,encourage,expect,forbid,force,instruct,invite,order,permit,persuade,press,recommend,remind,request,teach,tell,train,urge,want,warn 等。

高考英语语法核心考点专项复习08:非谓语动词

高考英语语法核心考点专项复习08:非谓语动词

高考英语语法核心考点专项复习08:非谓语动词非谓语动词是动词的一大分类,是高中阶段考察最多也是最难的知识点,是学生头疼的一大难题。

本专题从非谓语的分类、判定、用法、题型和考点来讲解,并配以习题练习。

目的:掌握非谓语的形式,学会判别谓语与非谓语,熟练常考题型和用法。

一、非谓语动词分类现在分词doing过去分词done不定式to do动名词doing二、判断非谓语动词非谓语动词作为动词的形式变化,无法充当句子中的谓语动词,因为非谓语动词没有时态的变化。

非谓语动词三种基本形式:to do(不定式),doing(动名词/现在分词),done(过去分词)【精讲精练】请分别找出谓语动词和非谓语动词。

swim,drunk,observed,playing,done,conduct,read,come,having finished,having been done谓语动词:________________________________________________________________非谓语动词:______________________________________________________________【小试牛刀】一. 请用不同标记分别画出下列句子中的非谓语动词和谓语动词。

1. The remaining twenty patients were transferred to another hospital.2. I rea lly understood the meaning of the proverb, “Helping others is the source of happiness.”3. We should lay more emphasis on protecting the surroundings.二. 请用不同标记画出文章中的谓语动词和非谓语动词。

With curiosity, we listened attentively, asking questions and taking notes. The camel ride on the third day was surely the most exciting part of our tour. Looking far into the desert, I pictured how ancient Chinese travelled along the Silk Road. How time flew! Soon it was the last day of our tour. At the train station, we took a p hoto holding a banner with “ Cultural Tour along the Silk Road” on it.二. 非谓语动词的主被动上面讲解了三大基本非谓语动词的主动形式,下面对于每种形式的被动形式进行列举:【精讲精练】请写出下面非谓语动词对应的主动形式/被动形式。

(完整版)高考英语非谓语动词知识点

(完整版)高考英语非谓语动词知识点

非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的概念非谓语形式有三种: 1.动词不定式:to do表示目的和将来2、动词的ing(动名词) : doing表示主动和进行 3.动词的过去分词:done表示被动和完成二、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to do to have done to be doing被动to be done to have been doneing 形式主动doing having done被动being done having been done过去分词被动done三、非谓语动词的做题步骤:1、判定是否用非谓语形式。

方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。

2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。

方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。

3、判断主被动关系。

方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。

4、判断时间关系。

方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。

之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。

一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语:1). 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。

动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。

如:________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk2). 不定式作主语时,常用it 作形式主语,即用句型:It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.It’s important for us to learn English well. It’s kind of you to help us.注意:下面几个句型是用动名词:It’s no good / use doing sth. There is no point(in)doing sth2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较:1)、不定式、动名词作表语,.表示主语的内容。

高考英语语法非谓语动词归纳总结

高考英语语法非谓语动词归纳总结
【点睛】
分词作状语
1.分词g sth. ="as" soon as sb. does sth.。
2.分词作原因状语相当于as,since,because引导的原因状语从句。
3.分词作方式或伴随状语不能用状语从句替换,但是可以改写成并列句。
4.分词作条件状语相当于if, unless等引导的从句。常见的可表示条件的分词有given, supposing, considering, provided, compared with等。
考点:考查非谓语动词。
17.The man fell to the ground, his left foot_____ and blood ____ down from his mouth.
A.breaking;runningB.broken;running
C.breaking ; runD.broken; run
A.writingB.to write
C.writtenD.being written
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:这本书写得既清楚又意味深长,该书激励了那些希望寻求自己的答案的学生的自信心。根据write与the book是被动的关系,所以要用过去分词作状语。故选C。
10.(北京)___________the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
8.More highways have been built in China, _____ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.

高考非谓语动词(完整版)

高考非谓语动词(完整版)

高考非谓语动词(完整版)一、单项选择非谓语动词1.With my money ________, I went back home.A.ran out of B.ran outC.running out D.running out of【答案】C【解析】试题分析:考查with复合结构,句意:我的钱用完了,我就回家了。

With复合结构在这里做原因状语,with+宾语+宾语补足语(非谓语动词),所以排除AB项,run out of是及物动词,后面要接宾语,否则是被动语态,排除D,Run out是不及物动词,不能用被动式,选C。

考点:考查with复合结构2.The press should expand its influence in international public opinion to make China’s voice better ______ in the world.A.hearing B.to be heardC.hear D.heard【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。

句意:新闻应该扩大其在国际舆论中的影响力,使中国的声音更好地在世界上被听到。

“中国的声音”与“听到”之间是被动关系,用make sth. done结构,故选D。

3.A hearty laugh relieves physical tension, _____your muscles relaxed for over half an hour. A.to leave B.left C.leaving D.leave【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。

句意:开怀大笑可以缓解身体紧张,至少可以使你的肌肉放松半小时。

分析句子可知,空格处做伴随状语。

且与逻辑主语laugh构成主动关系,所以用现在分词。

故选C。

4.For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit________on his own farm.A.grown B.being grownC.to ge grown D.to grow【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。

高考英语总复习--非谓语动词

高考英语总复习--非谓语动词

高考英语总复习--非谓语动词一、单项选择非谓语动词1.________ your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.A.Understanding B.To be understoodC.Being understood D.Having understood【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。

句意:了解你自己的需求和沟通方式与学习传达你的感情和情绪同样重要。

不定式(短语)或动名词(短语)均可作主语,区别在于不定式常表示将来,是特指;而动名词表示一般情况,是泛指。

而本句指的是普遍现象,属泛指,故用动名词较好。

故选A。

2.Children who are over-protected by their parents may become _____.A.hurt B.spoiled C.damaged D.harmed【答案】B【解析】试题分析:考查动词辨析:句意:过分受父母保护的孩子可能会被惯坏。

spoil作为动词有“宠坏,溺爱”的意思,这里用动词的过去分词作形容词。

hurt指对身体或感情上的伤害;damaged指被毁坏或破坏(好像多指物);harmed指被损害,被伤害,被危害。

选B。

考点:考查动词辨析3.Many white collars went back to second and third-tier cities only ______that housing prices there are also jumping, traffic jams increasing and the air becoming dirty.A.to have found B.found C.to find D.finding【答案】C【解析】C考查动词不定式。

2024新高考英语复习 第3讲 非谓语动词

2024新高考英语复习 第3讲 非谓语动词
以接动名词作宾语,也可以接不定式作宾语,但意
义上有区别: mean to do sth 打算做某事
mean doing sth 意味着做某事 forget to do sth 忘记去做某事(未做)
forget doing sth 忘记做过某事(已做)
考点解读
regret to do sth 对即将做的事表示遗憾(未做) regret doing sth对做过的事表示遗憾/后悔(已做) try to do sth 尽力去做某事
高考链接
5. [2021·全国乙卷] It is different from traditional tourism because it
allows the traveller to become educated (educate) about the
areas… [解析]考查非谓语动词作表语。此处指游客接受教育,需用过去分 词,become为系动词,此处用过去分词作表语。故填educated。
考点解读
非谓语动词主要有不定式、动词的-ing形式(包括动名词和现在分词) 及过去分词三类。其语态和句法功能如下表:
考点解读
主动语态
语态和句法 功能 一般
非谓语动词
完成
被动语态
句法功能
一般 完成 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语
不定式
to have
to have to be
to do
been √ √ √ √ √ √
新高考 (RJ)
专题一 复杂多变的动词
第3讲 非谓语动词
高考链接 考点解读 实战演练
高考链接
● 单句填空
1.[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] Covering (cover) an area about three

常考点非谓语动词课件高考英语总复习

常考点非谓语动词课件高考英语总复习

非谓语动词的分类
动词不定式(to do):表示动作的 未完成或未开始
动名词(doing): 表示动作的进行或 状态
分词(done/doing ):表示动作的完 成或被动
独立主格结构:由名 词/代词+非谓语动词 构成,表示原因、条 件、时间等关系
非谓语动词的用法
非谓语动词包括动名词、不定式和分词三种形式
非谓语动词在句子中不充当谓语,但可以充当其他成分,如主语、宾语、定语、状语 等
非谓语动词可以表示动作的状态、方式、原因、结果等
非谓语动词可以与其他词类或结构搭配使用,如介词短语、从句等
03
非谓语动词的时态和语态
非谓语动词的时态
非谓语动词的时态包括:一般 式、进行式、完成式和完成进 行式
一般式表示非谓语动词的动作 与主句的动作同时发生或发生 在主句动作之前
非谓语动词的解析方法和技巧
非谓语动词的定义和分类 非谓语动词的语法功能和用法 非谓语动词的时态和语态 非谓语动词的句法结构和翻译技巧 非谓语动词的常见错误和解决方法 非谓语动词的练习题和解析
06
非谓语动词在高考英语中 的运用
高考英语中非谓语动词的常考题型
非谓语动词的基本 概念和分类
非谓语动词的时态 和语态
常考点非谓语动词 课件高考英语总复 习
汇报人:
目录
01 单 击 添 加 目 录 项 标 题 02 非 谓 语 动 词 的 概 述
03 04 非 谓 语 动 词 的 时 态 和 语态
非谓语动词的特殊用 法
05 06 非 谓 语 动 词 的 练 习 和 解析
非谓语动词在高考英 语中的运用
01
添加章节标题
非谓语动词的填空题练习
a. 动词不定式填空题 b. 动名词填空题 c. 分词填空题 d. 独立主格结构填空题

高考英语非谓语动词用法详解

高考英语非谓语动词用法详解

高考英语非谓语动词用法详解一、单项选择非谓语动词1.After a decade or so, out of choices, he returned to where he’d begun, ashamed at having so little to show for his wanderings.A.being run B.runningC.to run D.having run【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查现在分词。

句意:大约十年后,在没有选择的情况下,他回到了他开始的地方,为自己的拼搏没有什么收获而感到羞愧。

run out of “用光,耗尽” 与主语he在逻辑上是主动关系,且表示的动作明显发生在return之前,所以用现在分词的完成时having run of。

故D 选项正确。

【点睛】非谓语动词是考试考查的重点,要掌握它的用法。

首先,要弄清楚填空处要填的是非谓语。

其次,要知道非谓语动词的三种形式:现在分词表示主动进行、过去分词表示被动完成、动词不定式表示目的和将要。

再次,要知道非谓语动作与谓语动作是同时发生还是先后发生,还是将要发生。

其中分词做状语的考查尤为重要。

分析句子可知,本句的主语为he,谓语为returned, run out of “用光,耗尽”为非谓语与主语he在逻辑上是主动关系,且表示的动作明显发生在return的之前,所以用现在分词的完成时having run of。

故D选项正确。

2.Look over there! There is a long, winding path ________ up to the house.A.lead B.leadingC.led D.to lead【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。

句意:看那边!有一条长长的蜿蜒小路通向那所房子。

分析句式可知,这是个there be 句型,因此,此处用非谓语动词,path与lead是主动关系,因此用现在分词,故选B。

英语高考复习 非谓语动词讲义

英语高考复习 非谓语动词讲义
只说明宾语执行的一个动作,侧重整个过程或动作的经常性。
They had seen hergrow upfrom childhood.They knew her quite well.
他们从小看着她长大,很了解她。
现在分词
说明宾语执行的动作正在进行。
I heard someonecallingmy name.
我们房子后面有个大的游泳池。
三、现在分词
功能
说明
作定语
单个分词作定语一般前置,分词短语作定语一般后置。
Thesleepingbaby is my sister's son.
那个正在睡觉的婴儿是我姐姐的儿子。
表示主动、进行意义或与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
The menworkinghere are all from therural areas.
2.不定式的句法功能
功能
用法
作主语
常用形式主语it代替,而将不定式置于句尾。
To learn a foreign language wellis not easy.(=It is not easy to learn a foreign language well.)学好一门外语不容易。
作宾语
可作动词的宾语;“疑问词+不定式”也可以作介词的宾语。
她无法想象在那样的一种地方生活。
有些动词
跟动名词、
不定式皆
可且意义
相差不大
like,hate,begin,start,prefer,continue
Ilikedplaying/to play table tennis when I was a middle school student.
我上中学时喜欢打乒乓球。

高考英语复习高三非谓语动词复习

高考英语复习高三非谓语动词复习

因everyone与think是主动关系,故用现在分词短语作added的伴随状语。
(15年语法)The adobe dwellings(土坯房)___61 built___(build) by the Pueblo Indiansof the American Southwest are admired by even ___62___ most modern of architects and engineers.
观察句子:
As he decided to go to a good university, Tom works harder.
Deciding to go to a good university, Tom works harder.
结 论
现在分词(短语)作状语,满足主句的主语和 从句的主语是同一个主语,且分词动词和主语 之间是主动的关系。
高考例题:
(13年语法)“In the beginning, there was only 49___a___ very small amount of unfairness in the world,but everyone added a little ,always 50_thinking_____ (think) that it was only small and not very important ,and look where we have ended up today.
作宾补
作定语
作表语或定语
作状语
观Hale Waihona Puke 句子:To go to a good university, Tom studies hard.
结 论
不定式作状语,表目的。

高三英语高考语法知识点归纳总结:非谓语动词

高三英语高考语法知识点归纳总结:非谓语动词

七、非谓语动词
注:现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分
generally speaking一般说来;frankly speaking坦白地说;judging from/by...根据……来判断;considering.../taking...into consideration考虑到……;
to tell you the truth说实话;seeing...考虑到……;supposing假设,如果;providing如果;given考虑到,鉴于;provided that如果
在解非谓语习题时同学们遇到最大的困难有两个:一是如何判别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词;二是如何选用哪一种非谓语动词及其恰当的形式。

一、谓语与非谓语的比较
非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。

汉语中几个谓语动词连用而动词不用作任何形式的变化。

如:他明天来拜访你。

翻译成英语不是He will come visit you,而是He will come to visit you.这里就用了不定式to visit。

因此同学们要特别注意弄清句子的结构。

例:Tom sat under a tree and seeing his friend, up in no time.
A. to stand
B. standing
C. stood
D. would stand
分析:stood是与sat并列的谓语。

非谓语语法功能的比较
已经建好的桥。

非谓语动词高考知识点

非谓语动词高考知识点

非谓语动词高考知识点高考英语中,非谓语动词是一个重要的考点。

非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词形式,它们在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分。

掌握非谓语动词的用法和特点对于高考英语的复习备考至关重要。

一、不定式1. 不定式的基本形式为“to + 动词原形”,可以用作动词、形容词或名词。

例如:- He wants to become a doctor.(作动词,表示目的)- It's difficult for me to answer the question.(作形容词,修饰难度)- To learn English well is important for us.(作名词,作主语)2. 不定式可以与一些特定的动词、形容词、名词等搭配使用。

例如:- They decided to go hiking this weekend.(动词搭配)- She is happy to see her old friends again.(形容词搭配)- I have no choice but to accept the offer.(名词搭配)3. 不定式还可以出现在感叹句、祈使句中。

例如:- What a great opportunity to travel abroad!(感叹句)- Please remember to turn off the lights when you leave.(祈使句)二、动名词1. 动名词的基本形式为“动词+ing”,可以用作动词、名词或形容词。

例如:- I enjoy swimming.(作动词,表示动作)- Reading books is my favorite hobby.(作名词,作主语)- She bought a running shoe.(作形容词,修饰鞋)2. 动名词可以与某些动词搭配使用,构成固定短语。

例如:- He is good at playing the piano.(搭配动词)- She finished writing the report yesterday.(完成动作)3. 动名词还可以与介词搭配使用。

高考英语复习非谓语动词

高考英语复习非谓语动词
advise / ask / consider / decide / discuss / find out / inquire / know / learn / regard / see / settle / show teach / tell / think / understand / wonder
oblige , order , permit , persuade , pray , prefer , press , pretend , prove ,recommend, rely on , remind , report, require ,reveal, show, stimulate , suppose , teach , tell, think, train , trust ,vote for , wait for ,want, warn , wish He advised me not to buy it.
learn(学习)long(渴望)manage(设法) neglect(忽视)offer(提供)plan(计划) prepare(准备)pretend(假装)promise(承 诺,允许)refuse(拒绝)seek(企图,寻觅) tend(倾向)threaten(威胁)trouble(费神, 劳驾)undertake(承接,担任)venture(敢于, 斗胆)volunteer(志愿)want(想要)wish (希望)
母亲向我演示了如何做饭。
I wonder where to go.
我不知道去哪儿。
当不定式为直接宾语,且带有宾语补足语时, 应将不定式置于补足语后面,而用it代替不定 式作形式宾语.
I found it impossible to answer all the questions within the time given.

高考英语语法非谓语动词归纳总结

高考英语语法非谓语动词归纳总结

高考英语语法非谓语动词归纳总结一、单项选择非谓语动词1.With the homework _______, the students can go to have a picnic.A.being done B.doneC.doing D.to do【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。

句意:做完作业后,学生们就可以去野餐了。

此处是with的复合结构,homework和动词do是被动关系,用过去分词表被动,指作业被做,过去分词在句中作宾补。

故选B。

【名师点睛】with复合结构“with复合结构”也是独立主格结构的一种,同样十分重要。

在句中表示“原因,结果,伴随,方式”等情况。

(1)with + 宾语 + 形容词The children were listening to the teacher with their eyes wide open. (表伴随)(2)with + 宾语 + 介词短语The old man used to take a walk with a stick in his hand. (表方式)(3)with + 宾语 + 副词The proud girl walked away with her head up. (表方式)(4)with + 宾语 + 现在分词Mary felt very shy with so many eyes looking at her. (表原因)(5)with + 宾语 + 过去分词If you sit looking away from a person, or with your back turned, you are saying you are not interested in that person. (表方式)本题就是考查此结构,homework和动词do是被动关系,用过去分词表被动,指作业被做,过去分词在句中作宾补。

(6)with + 宾语 + 不定式With too much work to do the next day, he felt anxious and didn’t sleep well. (表原因)一般说来,with 复合结构放在句末多表示伴随状况;若放在句首,则多表示“原因”或“条件”,例如:With her mother away from home, the little girl felt lonely. 由于她妈妈不在家,这个女孩感到很孤单。

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高考英语复习动词不定式动词不定式、分词(现在分词,过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。

现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。

这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用,因而没有语法主语。

但可以有逻辑主语。

由于没有语法主语,也就不受人称和数的限定,因为不是谓语,也就没有时态和语态,但这些词仍能表示动作和状态,所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。

由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系,因此也有表示主、被动的形式,同时也有自己的宾语和状语,一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语,分词短语,动名词短语)。

非谓语动词在英语语法中占有特殊且重要的位置。

非谓语动词形式多样,应用广泛,且在句中起着很活跃的作用,也是语法项目中的重点和难点,学好非谓语动词,才能正确进行口语和书面的交流。

动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语用,所以叫做非谓语动词。

(一)动词不定式:动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成,如:to study, to play,动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用,但仍留着动词的特征,它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语,如:to study hard, to play table tennis。

2、动词不定式的基本用法:动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用,可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用,如:(1)作主语:To help each other is good.(动词不定式作主语时,一般可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末,如:It is good to help each other.(2)作表语:My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be 之后作表语,与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别,如:Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasa nts’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。

(句中的谓语动词为is,动词不定式to set up… 为表语,主语为plan,但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语,即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。

)We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。

(句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语,主语为we,同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语,即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的)。

(3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语,如:She wishes to be a musician.;②作某些形容词的宾语:可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等,如:I am determined to give up smoking.;③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语,但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时,就可作介词的宾语,如:Can you give us some advice on what to do next?(4)作宾语补足语,如:Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等,作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去,如:I saw a little girl run across the street.(5)动词不定式在句中作宾语,如带有宾语补足语时,须先用it作形式宾语,而将该动词不定式后置,如:I don’t think it right to do it that way.(6)作定语:动词不定式作定语时,须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后,如:Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用必要的介词,如:He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way,不定式后面的介词,习惯上可以省去,如:The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.(7)作状语:动词不定式可以作下列的状语:①目的状语:Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用,可在不定式前加in order to或so as to(以便或为了),但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可,而so as to不能位于句首,如:She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首,也可强调目的的作用,如:To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语:They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。

③too + 形容词或副词+ 动词不定式,表示“足能…”的结果,如:You are old enough to take care of yourself now.3、复合结构不定式:由for + 名词(或代词宾格)+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。

其中for本身无意义。

for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语,这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语,如:It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时,就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语,这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等,如:It is very kind of you to help him every day.4、疑问词+ 动词不定式:疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语,如:How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.5、动词不定式的否定式:动词不定式的否定式是由not + 动词不定式构成,如:It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting.6、动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系:(1)一般式:动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,但在多数情况下,是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生,如:We decided to plant more trees this spring.(其后),They often watch us play table tennis.(同时);(2)完成式:动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,如:I am sorryto have kept you waiting.(3)进行式:动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中,而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,如:She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.7、动词不定式的被动语态用法:如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般就用被动语态形式,如:What is to be done next hasn’t been decided yet.练习、非谓语动词(一)1. ---- Can you ride a horse? ---- No, I never had the chance ____.A. for learning itB. for learning howC. how to learn itD. to learn how2. Paul said, "Give me a chair _____."A. to sitB. sitC. sit onD. to sit on3. I ran too fast ______ where I was going.A. to noticeB. for me to noticeC. to notice for meD. and notice4. ---- Have you enjoyed your visit here? ---- Yes, I'll be very sorry______ .A. for leavingB.of leavingC. to leaveD. with leaving5. ---- I'll help you whenever you need me. ---- Good. I'd like _____me tomorrow.A. you helpingB. that you will helpC. you to helpD. that you help6. ---- I didn't hear you come in last night. ---- That's good. We tried_____ noisy.A. not beB. not to beC. to be notD. to not be7. Because of air pollution being greatly reduced, this city is still ______.A. a good place which to be lived inB. lived as a good placeC. a good place to live inD. living in as a good place8. ---- Why was the official meeting called? ---- ______ new officers.A. SelectB. SelectingC. To selectD. For selecting9. ---- Where did he go? ---- He went to another store ______.A. to buy pencilsB. for buying pencilsC. buy pencilsD. buying pencils10. ---- My baby has a heart trouble. ---- Did the doctor find it difficult ______ ?A. in treatingB. treatingC. for treatingD. to treat11. ---- Did the judge ask you many questions? ---- Yes, and ______.A. they were difficult to be answeredB. to answer them was to be difficultC. they were difficult to answerD. they had difficulty in answering12. That beggar seems _____ anything yesterday.A. not to have eatenB. not to eatC. didn't eatD. to not have eaten13. The lost child desired nothing but _____ home.A. goB. to goC. going .D. went14.That box is____.A. too heavy for me to carryB. too heavy for me to carry itC. so heavy for me to carryD. very heavy for me to carry15. Would you be ______ to do me a favour, please?A. so kind as .B. too kindC. as kind asD. enough kind16. To learn to speak English well,_____.A. much practice is neededB. one needs much practiceC. much practice is needed by oneD. one is needed much practice17. Tom kept quiet about the accident ______ lose his job.A. so not as toB. so as not toC. so as to notD. not so as to18. Last summer I took a course on ______ .A. how to make dressesB. how dresses be madeC. how to be made dressesD. how dresses to be made19. The house is not large enough ____ .A. to live inB. to be lived inC. to liveD. for living20. Nobody likes ______.A. to speak ill ofB. to be spoken ill ofC. speaking ill ofD. spoken ill of21. I know him ______ a good football player while in college.A. to have beenB. to beC. wasD. had been22. I was surprised______.A. watching him to eat so quicklyB. watch him eat so quicklyC. watching him eat so quicklyD. to watch him eat so quickly23. Mr. White was seen ______ the Palace Museum.A. enterB. to enterC. enteredD. to entering24. I saw Mary ____ the house.A. open the door and go intoB. to open the door and to go intoC. open the door and to go intoD. open the door and went into25. Paul does nothing but _____ all day long.A. playB. to playC. playingD. played26. Now we could not do anything but ______ for him here.A. waitedB. waitingC. to waitD. wait27. I don't know her and I don't ______ .A. wantB. want toC. want itD. to want28. ---- Go to the theatre with me, will you? ---- I should like ______, but I don't have time.A. toB. tooC. to doD. to go to29. To play fair is as important as ______.A. to play wellB. play wellC. we play wellD. playing well30. It is the greatest happiness on earth ______.A. loving and to be lovedB. to love and being lovedC. to love and to be lovedD. love and be loved31. _____ is better to love than _____ .A. That, to be lovedB. That, be lovedC. It, be lovedD. It, to be loved32. It's very foolish _____ it?A. for you to sayB. of you to sayC. with you sayingD. in your saying33. It ______ me two hours to find your new house.A. costB. tookC. spentD. used34. We did not expect our offer _____ so quickly.A. rejectedB. to reject .C. to be rejectedD. rejecting35. He told her ______ there at once.A. getB. getsC. should getD. to get36. We all think it most foolish ______ this mistake.A. for you makingB. of you to makeC. you to makeD. for you to make37. I really don't know ____ .A. to swimB. how to swimC. to swim howD. how swim38. ---- What do you think about English? ---- It's a difficult language _____.A. speakingB. to be spokenC. to speakD. spoken。

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