新编英国文学选读(上)chapter6
新编英国文学经典选读(上册)翻译
新编英国文学经典选读(上册)翻译本文档旨在提供关于《新编英国文学经典选读(上册)》的翻译信息和简要概述。
书籍介绍《新编英国文学经典选读(上册)》是一本经典的英国文学选读教材，旨在介绍英国文学的重要作品和作者。
本书的主要内容包括诗歌、小说、戏剧等不同文学体裁的经典作品，以及与这些作品相关的背景信息和社会历史背景。
翻译目标本文档的翻译目标是为读者提供对《新编英国文学经典选读(上册)》的初步了解。
我们将使用简洁明了的语言，向读者介绍该书的内容和主题，以及该书对于研究英国文学的重要性。
内容概述《新编英国文学经典选读(上册)》包括了英国文学的经典作品，涵盖了不同时期和不同领域的文学作品。
读者将能够通过阅读这些经典作品，了解英国文学发展的历史和文化背景。
本书的特点包括：- 精选经典作品：该书的作者在选择作品时，注重代表性和知名度，涵盖了英国文学的不同流派和时期。
- 丰富的背景信息：每个作品都附有相关的背景信息和解读，帮助读者更好地理解作品的内涵和意义。
- 学术导读：本书还提供对每篇作品的学术导读，指导读者如何进行进一步的文学研究和分析。
通过阅读《新编英国文学经典选读(上册)》，读者将能够深入了解英国文学的经典作品，提高自己的阅读理解能力，并对英国文学的发展和影响有更深入的认识。
结论《新编英国文学经典选读(上册)》是一本精选的英国文学教材，涵盖了英国文学的经典作品和丰富的背景信息。
通过阅读该书，读者将能够深入了解英国文学的发展并提升自己的文学素养。
相信这本书可以为学生、教师和对英国文学感兴趣的读者提供宝贵的学习资源。
新编英语教程6课文翻译
第1单元避免两词铭记两词在生活中，没有什么比顿悟更令人激动，更有益处了，它可以改变一个人，不仅仅是改变，而且变得更好，当然这种顿悟的时刻很罕见，但仍然会降临到我们所有人身上，它有时来自于一本书，一次不到一句诗歌，有时来自于一个朋友，在曼哈顿一个寒冷的冬季下午，我坐在一个法国小餐馆儿里，倍感失落和压抑，因为我的几次错误估算，一个对我人生至关重要的项目落空了，就连马上要见到一个老朋友（这个老人，我常私下亲切的这样想到他）的念头，都不像以前那样让我兴奋，我坐在桌边，皱起眉头看着色彩多样的桌布，反复咀嚼着自己的失误。
他来了，穿过街道，裹着旧大衣，不成形的毡帽低低的压在光头上，看上去不像是一个有名的精神病医生，倒像是一个精力充沛的小土地神，他的几个办公室就在附近，我知道他看完今天的最后一个病人，他年近80，但仍然拎着装满文件的公文包，工作起来像一个大机构的主管，只要有空，他仍然爱溜去打高尔夫球。
他敏锐的观察力早已不让我感到惊奇，于是我就详细的把烦恼告诉了他，带着一丝忧伤的自豪，我尽量的陈述实情，对自己的失意，我只能怪自己，不怪任何人，我分析了整件事情，所有的错误判断，以及不明智的行动，我讲了约有15分钟，老人默默的喝着啤酒。
老人从纸盒里拿出一盒磁带，放进录音机，然后说，磁带上有到我这里来求助的三个人的简短录音，当然我不告诉你是谁，我想让你听听，看你是否能找出，一个两字短语，是三个案例所共有的。
他笑道，别这么困惑，我有我的理由。
在我看来，磁带上三个人所共有的不是愉快的事，首先讲话的是个男人，他显然做生意遭受了一些损失，或经历了失败，他怪自己工作不够努力，没有远见，第二个说话的是个女人，他一直未婚，因为他要对自己的寡母尽孝心，他痛苦的回忆了被自己放弃的所有嫁人的机会，第三个说话的是位母亲，她十多岁的儿子被警察抓了，她不停的责备自己。
老人关掉录音机，靠在椅子上：“这些录音中有一个充满微妙毒性的短语，反复出现了六次，你听出来了吗？没有，噢，这可能是因为几分钟前在餐馆里，你自己说了三次。
新编英国文学选读(上册)翻译
新编英国文学选读(上册)翻译-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN英国文学史（上册）第一章安格鲁—撒克逊时期（450—1066）1.历史背景不列颠群岛最早的居民是凯尔特人，他们最初居住在莱茵河上游地区，大约在公元前600年，他们移居到了不列颠群岛。
在大约公元前400到公元前300年时，凯尔特人的一个分支——布立吞人，来到了不列颠群岛，“不列颠”这个名字便是由他们所取。
凯尔特人的文化属于铁器文化的早期阶段，他们知道如何铸造铁剑和种植庄稼。
关于他们的信仰，我们所知甚少，但是我们能了解到他们五月节的宗教典礼和槲寄生（一种植物）的祭奠仪式，这些已经成为英国人民民族传统的一部分。
从公元前55年到公元407年，不列颠群岛在罗马帝国的统治之下。
那时，罗马帝国是奴隶社会，它统治了整个欧洲，并且有很高的文明水平。
罗马人打败了凯尔特人，成为了不列颠群岛的主人，伦敦就是在罗马人的统治时期内建成的。
第一个来到不列颠的罗马将领是着名的尤里乌斯.凯撒，公元55年，在他取得高卢战役的胜利后，带领一万名士兵跨过英吉利海峡来到那里。
但是他只在哪儿待了几个星期，虽然他在第二年又来到了不列颠，他并没有在岛上驻扎军队，因为他当时正忙于平息欧洲大陆的叛乱，还有罗马帝国的内战。
在罗马人对不列颠扩大征服之前，就这样过去了一个世纪。
罗马人统治了不列颠三个半世纪，他们筑寺庙、修大路、砌城墙、建军营，但是，对凯尔特人的文化生活却影响不大。
他们建成了四、五十个城邑，如今无论何时，如果你在英国听到一个城镇的名字是以“切斯特”或“卡斯特”结尾的，那么毫无疑问，它一定是坐落在一个罗马军队曾经的屯兵之地上。
因为这样的词来源于拉丁语“卡斯楚”，它的意思是“要塞、堡垒”。
大部分我们所知道的罗马统治时期的不列颠，都来源于凯撒的《高卢战记》，和普布里乌斯?克奈里乌斯?塔西佗的《日耳曼尼亚志》。
大约公元450年，大批的安格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人入侵不列颠群岛，他们定居在英格兰，把凯尔特人赶往威尔士、苏格兰和爱尔兰等周边地区。
新编英国文学选读(上)chapter6
CHAPTER SIXTHE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1603——1688) 1.Historical background:The Stuart: James first (1603— 1625)His son Charles I (1625—1649)Commonwealth led by Oliver Cromwell (1649——1660)Charles II, the son of Charles I (1660——1665)James II, the brother of Charles II (1665——1688)1）Causes of revolutionLack of ruling skillsWorsening relationship between the parliament and the monarch Puritans’s dissatisfaction and fear of persecution2）Processes of revolutionbreaking out of the bourgeois revolution in 1642: rejection of the Grand RemonstranceThe nature of the Lord Protectorrestoration of the monarchThe Glorious Revolution in 16883）Influences of revolution(1). supremacy of Parliament(2). beginning of modern England(3). final triumph of the principle of political liberty4)The literary scene of the timea.Decline of the English Renaissance:b.Decline of drama in early 17th century to the closing of the theaters in London in 1642c.A new literary movement gathering way:a movement away from the ornamental (artificial) language, elaborate metaphors toward plainer language2.The King James Bible of 1611·Testament: covenant between God and Hebrews·The Old Testament: in Hebrew·The New Testament: in Greek·Contributions:a. influenced the English prose by its “biblical language”b. granted ordinary people access to the bible. Thus it greatly promoted the protestant movement.*Genesis·the first book of the Old Testament·Central theme:God creates the world and appoints man as his regent, but man proves disobedient and God destroys his world through the Flood.The new post-Flood world is equally corrupt, but God does not destroy it, instead calling one man, Abraham, to be the seed of its salvation. At God's command Abraham descends from his home into the land of Canaan, given to him by God, where he dwells as a sojourner, as does his son Isaac and his grandson Jacob.Jacob's name is changed to Israel, and through the agency of his son Joseph, the children of Israel descend into Egypt, 70 people in all with their households, and God promises them a future of greatness. Genesis ends with Israel in Egypt, ready for the coming of Moses and the Exodus. The narrative is punctuated by a series of covenants with God, successively narrowing in scope from all mankind (the covenant with Noah) to a special relationship with one people alone.3.FRANCIS BACON (1561—1626)1)Question:Why did he, as Shakespeare’s contemporary belong to the next period?(1)Chief figure in English prose with his Essays(2)Aversion to medieval scholasticism(3)Progenitor of English materialism2)Characteristics of his works:(1)simple sentence structure(2) conciseness of expression(3) simplicity of diction4.Metaphysical Poets and Cavalier Poets1)Metaphysical poetry(1)Characteristics:bold and ingenious conceits, incongruous imagery, complexity of thought, frequent use of paradox, deliberate harshness or rigidity of expression(2)Main themes:Love, death and religion(3)Chief representative: John Donne2)Cavalier poets(1)Characteristics:Courtliness, urbanity, and polish(2)Main themes:Love, “carpe diem”(3)Chief representative: Ben Johnson【*Cavalier School】The characteristics:1)The theme2)The style:(1)shared many elements with the metaphysical school such as(2) refined, elegant language, sweet rhythm5.John Donne (1572-1631)1)His life:Born in a Roman Catholic familyWent to Oxford, Cambridge and Lincoln’s InnAs a young man known as “a greatVisitor of ladies, a great frequenter ofPlays, a great writer of conceited verses”Eloped with Ann MoreDean of St. Paul’s Cathedral2)His WorksBefore 1600: Satires, Elegies, Songs and Sonnets: 55 love lyrics 1621 to 1631: religious poems and sermons, other religious writings *SongThe characteristics exemplified by John Donne’s Song:a. The themes:………………b. The style:(1)Why metaphysical?Emphasis on intellectual power and complexity of thoughts(2)Easy-to-understand language (plain language), yet not necessarily(3)Rigid and harsh expressions(4) Unnatural rhythm and strong lines(5) Bold and ingenious conceits and incongruous imagery;(6) analogy and paradox3)Two groups of his love lyrics(1). negative attitude towards love: cynical comments on the inconsistency of women in love(2). positive attitude towards love: fiery utterances of unruly passion mixed with coarse suggestions of sensual love and morbid thoughts of deathStyle: complicated reasoning through far-fetched comparisons or “conceits”and in strange imageries and obscure language e.g. The Flea6.George Herbert(1593 –1633)a Welsh-born English poet, orator and Anglican priest1)his life:Born into an artistic and wealthy familyWent to Trinity College, Cambridge2)his worksIn 1633 published The Temple: Sacred poems and privateejaculations3)characteristics of his religious poems：Wrote religious poems characterized by a precision of language, a metrical versatility, and an ingenious use of imagery or conceits7.Ben Jonsonwas chiefly known as a dramatist. He was also a poet,the representative of Cavaliers.1)His works:(1)drama：He was famous for his Comedies of Humous(2)poem:Love lyric: Song to Celia8.JOHN MILTON, The greatest puritan poet (1608——1674)1) his life story2) Paradise Lost, a religious worka. its literary genre: epicb. (1)its main theme: the assertion of God’s Providence(2) his hatred for the returned monarch(3)his Renaissance ideal of man: the glorification of humans for their lovec. writing techniques: black verse of iambic pentameterrun-on linescomplicated sentences like LatinAllusions9.JOHN BUNYAN,The chief puritan writer of prose (1628——1688)1) his life story2)The Pilgrim’s Progress, a religious worka. its literary genre: prose in the form of allegory and dramab. Theme: its main theme: the assertion of his religious views subtheme: satires at the vice and ills of the society he lived inc. writing techniques:(1) simple and daily used expressions(2) biblical language(3) revealing his ideas in a direct and straightforward way10.JOHN DRYDEN(1631——1700),the dominant literary figure in the Restoration period heavily influencing the literary trend at the time·his life story·his literary achievements: poetry, dramas and the most important ofall: the literary criticism, of which the most well known is An Essay of Dramatic Poesy【Question after class：】In what way does the 17th century literature pave the way for the literature of the next century?。
新编英国文学选读
新编英国文学选读一、导言英国文学是世界文学的重要组成部分，涵盖了广泛的作品和文化背景。
本文档将介绍一些英国文学的经典作品，从中选取了一些值得读者关注的作品进行推荐和解析，旨在帮助读者更好地了解和欣赏英国文学的魅力。
二、经典作家与作品1. 威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）作为英国文学的巨擘，莎士比亚的作品贡献不可估量。
他创作了许多著名的戏剧作品，如《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等。
这些作品揭示了人性的复杂性和命运的无常，给读者带来深刻的思考和感受。
2. 简·奥斯汀（Jane Austen）简·奥斯汀是英国文学史上最具影响力的女作家之一。
她的作品通常以描写中产阶级社会为主题，如《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》等。
奥斯汀的小说通过幽默细腻的笔触，刻画了不同人物之间的复杂情感和社会关系，深入剖析了当时社会的种种局限与偏见。
3. 查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）狄更斯是维多利亚时代的重要作家，他的作品描写了工业革命时期英国的社会问题，如贫困、不公平和人性的黑暗面。
其中最著名的作品有《雾都孤儿》、《双城记》等。
狄更斯的作品具有鲜明的社会批判意义，通过丰富的人物和故事情节，展现了人性与社会的复杂关系。
4. 奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde）王尔德是19世纪末英国文学的代表作家之一，他以其独特的幽默和讽刺风格著称。
他的作品通常涉及社会道德和性别角色的讨论，如《道林·格雷的画像》、《温夫人的扇子》等。
王尔德的作品充满了智慧和深意，常常引人深思。
三、推荐阅读的作品1. 《傲慢与偏见》（Pride and Prejudice）这是简·奥斯汀最著名的小说之一，以其幽默和独特的视角吸引了无数读者。
小说以英国乡村社会为背景，描绘了主人公伊丽莎白·班纳特在社交场合中遭遇的一系列困境和误会。
通过对婚姻制度和社会规范的讽刺，奥斯汀对当时社会的种种偏见和局限进行了批判，展示了女性的独立和智慧。
新编英语教程6Unit 6 Black English
Learn the PPTs about Black English
STRUCTURE
Main idea: To present the author’s opinion on the status of Black English.
What is the author’s opinion?
Para. 1
Main idea Line 4: He speaks a dialect that has a strikingly different grammar and sound system, even though to white ears the black appears to be trying to speak SE.
inferior
Less important; not as good as (quality) (1) He preferred the company of those who were intellectually inferior to himself. 他喜欢与那些智力水平不如他的人共处。 (2) ...the inferior status of women in prerevolutionary Russia... 革命之前俄国妇女的低微地位 (3) Most career women make me feel inferior. 大部分职业女性让我感到自己不如她们。
Line 6- 9
Stigmatize: (stigma [ n.]) If someone or something is stigmatized, they are unfairly regarded by many people as being bad or having something to be ashamed of. Children in single-parent families must not be stigmatized. 单亲家庭的孩子们不应该受到歧视。 The AIDS epidemic further stigmatized gays. 艾滋病的流行让人们更加瞧不起男同性恋者。 They are often stigmatized by the rest of society as lazy and dirty. 他们经常被社会中的其他人污蔑为懒惰、肮脏。
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)教材-第6章 17世纪(1603～1688)【圣才出品】
第6章17世纪(1603～1688)6.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Historical background（历史背景）(1) During the reign of Queen Elizabeth, the burgher class grew in strength, but it was not yet strong enough to constitute a threat to the feudal monarch. The burghers wanted free trade but the king controlled trade and commerce and imposed heavy taxes on the merchants. For eleven years the king ruled without calling Parliament and invented all kinds of ways to raise money. In this way the monarch greatly enraged the burgher class and these policies were one of the causes of the English bourgeois revolution.在伊丽莎白女王统治时期，市民阶层正在茁壮成长，但是还不足以对封建君主造成威胁。
他们渴望自由贸易，但是君主采取抑商政策，对手工业者施以重税。
国王统治了11年，从未召集过议会，并且用各种途径来收钱，这样一来，国王极大地惹恼了市民阶层，这些政策是造成英国资产阶级革命的一个原因。
(2) Another cause of the bourgeois revolution was the persecution of the Puritans. Puritanism represented the interests of the bourgeoisie. Charles I took strong measures against the Puritans and many of them had to emigrate to America to escape persecution.另一个造成资产阶级革命的原因是国王对于清教徒的迫害。
新编英国文学选读(上),罗经国,期末复习每章问题
Week I Assignment—Beowulf1. How many groups of early settlers came to Britain? (Please provide their names, time and place as to when and where they were from)2. How many languages were spoken at the same time in Norman England? And on what occasions were they spoken?3. From which early settlers’ languages is the modern English language derived?Anglo- Saxon4. Who was the father of English history? And what book did he wrote?5. What are King Alfred the Great’ contributions to English literature?6. Pls make a brief summary of the story of Beowulf.7. What’s the metrical feature of the Anglo-Saxon poetry; take the epic Beowulf for example?8. What’s the significance of Beowulf?9. Explain the following terms.AlliterationKenning (provide some examples)10. Scan the meter of the following lines and underline the alliterative letters in the following lines.Condemned to agony. The door gave way,Toughened with iron, at the touch of those hands.The foe then stepped onto the unstained floor,Angrily advanced: out of his eyes stood.An unlovely light like that of fire.11. Read part II on your own and find as many kennings as possible.Homework week 2 Assignment 21. Explain the following terms:Knights / romance2. Please summarize the story of Sir Gawain and Green Knight.3. Pls describe the feudal system of hierarchy in Norman England.4. What are the main themes of religious literature?5. What are the subject matters of romance?6. What conclusion can we draw about the chivalric spirit from the story of Sir Gawain?7. What’s the metrical feature of Sir Gawain and Green Knight?8. Scan the last five lines of the second stanza.Our knightAnd at that holy tideHe prays with all his mightThat Mary maybe his guideTill a dwelling comes in sight9. pls recite the second stanza of the poem.Homework Week 31. Explain : allegory2. What is John Wycliff’s contribution to English literature?3. What is heroic couplet?4. Scan the following lines:And the small fowls are making melodyThat sleeps away the night with open eye5. pls sum up the life story and writing career of Chaucer.6. What is the significance of The Canterbury Tales?7. What kind of book is The Canterbury Tales?8. In what way does Chaucer contribute to the English language?8. Pls point out the lines that present Chaucer’s mild satire upon the Prioress.9. what kind of person is the woman of Bath?Assignment 41. What is ballad?2. What are the characteristics of popular ballad?3. Explain ‘The ballad meter’4. Please scan the third stanza of Robin hood.5. pls explain the war of roses and Henry VIII’s reformation of the church.6. Please recite The Three Ravens.Assignment 51. Explain [ the English renaissance]2. [humanism]3. [gentleman]4. [religious reformation]5. What is Spenserian stanza? What is his writing style?6. Pls briefly summarize the story of Faerie Queene.7. Pls Scan stanza 17 of canto iv of the Faerie Queene.8. What are the six virtues presented in the six books of Faerie Queene?9. What are the seven sins? Also pls sum up the features of each sin described by Spencer?10. Please recite the first two stanzas.Assignment 61. What are the reasons for the flouring of drama in Renaissance England?2. Describe the English theater (take the Globe for example) .3. Who are the University wits?4. What renaissance spirit does Tamberline the great represent? And what spirit does Dr. Faustus represent?5. What is the writing style of Christopher Marlowe?6. What is blank verse? Scan the first four lines of Dr. Faustus.Homework week 7:1. What are the famous four tragedies of Shakespeare? And the famous comedies?2. Into how many periods is Shakespea re’s writing career divided?3. What are the great achievements of Shakespeare?4. What is Shakespearean sonnet? Pls recite sonnet 18!5. Is Shylock a cruel usurer or a persecuted Jew? Pls analyze Shylock’s character.6. Pls recite Portia’s famous speech on mercy versus justice; and Hamlet’s famous soliloquy. Homework week-81. What are the two main reasons for the British Bourgeois revolution?2. What is the significance of “the Glorious revolution”?3. What God created on the first six days? God’s creation of man?4. What do you know about Francis Bacon’s Philosophical view and the style of his essays?5. Pls recite Of Study.Homework week 9:1. What is metaphysical poetry? Its main theme? Its representatives?2. What is cavalier poetry? Its main theme? Representatives?3. What are the main features of John Donne’s poetry?4. What is feminine ending? And what is masculine ending?5. Recite Virtue.6. What is Miltonic style? (written/ oral)7. In what kind of genre is Milton’s Paradise Lost wr itten?8. What main theme does Paradise Lost deal with? What is the purpose of Milton’s in writing this poem?9. What sentiment is expressed in the image of Satan? And what kind of attitude should we take towards Satan in paradise Lost?10. What is the significance of the love story between Adam and Eve?Homework week 101. In what kind of genre is Milton’s Paradise Lost written?2. What main theme does Paradise Lost deal with? What is the purpose of Milton’s in writing this poem?3. What sentiment is expressed in the image of Satan? And what kind of attitude should we take towards Satan in paradise Lost?4. What is the significance of the love story between Adam and Eve?5. What is Miltonic style?6. What is the genre of Pilgrim’s Progress?7. W ho is the man in Bunyan’s dream And what book in his hand? What the burden is?8. What kind of journey did the pilgrim make? And adventure he underwent through what city?9. What is the significance of the story? And the city?10. What is Bunyan’s style? What does he criticize through his satire/Homework week 12 & Revision:1. What are the six features of 18th century English cultural life?2. What are the five characteristics of neo-classicism?3. What class and class spirit are embodied in the figure “Robinson Crusoe”?4. Please state the reasons why Defoe is regarded as a great artist (with his Moll Flanders’s entering the serious literature)?5. Why was Jonathan Swift respected by the Irish people as their National hero?6. Why is Swift’s A Mode st Propsal regarded as a bitter satire?Homework week 131. Addison and Steel launched several periodicals together. What are their aims?2. What do they mainly deal with in their essays?3. What methods do they adopt in writing the essays?4. What is Addison’s writing style?5. The Royal Exchange: how many important roles did the merchants play in Addison’s time?6. What is genre of the Rape of the Lock by A Pope?7. What is it about?8. What is the significance of An Essay on Man? What are Pope’s achi evements?9. Pls explain Augustan Age.10. Pls recite An essay on Man: Whatever Is, Is Right; and Know Then Thyself.P.S.1 pls read carefully the Royal Exchange and An Essay On man2 pls preview Johnson’s The Preface to Shakespeare; and Fielding’s Tom Jones.Homework week 141. How many periodicals did S Johnson publish?2. How did he compile A Dictionary of English Language? what is the significance of A Letter to the Right Honorable The Earl of Chesterfield?3. How many careers did Henry Fielding go in for? And what are his achievements for each career?4. How many novels did Fielding write altogether?5. What is the special genre did Fielding create in Tom Jones?6. How many parts can Tom Jones be divided into? And what does each part mainly deal with? And What aspect of English society does each part represent ?Homework week 15:1. Of what school was Thomas Gray a representative poet?2. In what way do the poets of this school deviate from the neo-classic rules?3. In What tradition is Sherid an’s masterpiece the School of Scandal written?4. What does Sheridan mainly expose in this play?5. Pls recite the first four stanzas of Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard.Homework week 16:1. What are the features of Burns’s poems?2. Please read Is There for Honest Poverty and answer: What kind of feeling is conveyed in this poem? And what is Burns’s attitude towards both the rich and the poor respectively?3. Please recite A Red, Red Rose.4. In what way(s) do the Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience reflect the world respectively?5. What are the features of William Blake’s poetry?6. What kind of picture of the society has been drawn in London?7. pls recite The Lamb and The Tiger.。
新编英国文学选读
新编英国文学选读引言英国文学是世界文学的瑰宝之一，承载着英国人民的智慧和创造力。
自古以来，英国文学就以其丰富的文化内涵和卓越的艺术风格而闻名于世。
在新编英国文学选读中，我们将深入了解英国文学的丰富内涵和优秀代表作品。
第一章：英国文学的起源与发展英国文学的起源可以追溯到古代，当时的英国人依靠口头传统来传承知识和文化。
在这一章节中，我们将了解到古代英国文学的特点以及代表作品，如贝奥武夫和亚瑟王传说等。
同时，我们还将探讨英国文学是如何在中世纪和文艺复兴时期得以繁荣发展的。
第二章：伊丽莎白时代的文学伊丽莎白时代是英国文学史上的黄金时期，这个时期的文学作品多样且富有创造力。
莎士比亚是这个时期最伟大的戏剧家之一，他的作品《哈姆雷特》、《麦克白》等至今仍被广泛上演和研究。
此外，约翰·密尔顿的史诗《失乐园》也是这一时期的重要作品之一。
第三章：启蒙运动与浪漫主义的兴起18世纪，英国文学迎来了启蒙运动的兴起。
启蒙运动提倡理性和学问的重要性，对整个英国社会产生了深远的影响。
在这一时期，约翰·洛克的政治哲学著作《人类理解论》和亚当·斯密的经济学著作《国富论》等深刻地影响了欧洲社会的发展。
随后，浪漫主义成为了19世纪英国文学的主导风格。
浪漫主义作品强调情感和个体的力量，其中威廉·华兹华斯的《世界上最后一朵野玫瑰》、塞缪尔·柯勒律治的《抒情诗集》等都是经典之作。
浪漫主义的影响也延续到了维多利亚时代。
第四章：维多利亚时代的文学维多利亚时代是英国文学史上一个重要的时期，这一时期的文学作品反映了当时社会的变革和发展。
查尔斯·狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》是维多利亚时代最具影响力的小说之一，透露出社会阶级问题和工业化带来的人道困境。
同时，勃朗特姐妹的《呼啸山庄》和《简爱》也是这一时期的经典之作。
第五章：现代主义与当代英国文学20世纪初，现代主义运动的兴起对英国文学产生了巨大影响。
代表性作品如弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的《至灵阁》、T·S·艾略特的《荒原》等，都是现代主义文学中的杰作。
罗经国版《新编英国文学简史(上)》第六章2 (1)
God to enjoy the supreme beauties and bounties of
Paradise, provided they do not eat the fruit that grows on the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. Satan desires to tear them away from the influence of God and make them tools in his struggle against God’s authority.
John Milton
Life The greatest poet and pamphleteer during the bourgeois revolution in the mid-17th century as well as the greatest author of Puritanism. Major Works Textual Study Paradise Lost The Plot of the Epic The theme of the Epic The image of Satan On His Blindness
The Image of Satan
Satan in the poem is a rebel who rises against God and, though defeated, still seeks for revenge. He is by far the most striking character in the poem. Satan is the real hero of the poem. Like a conquered and banished giant, he remains obeyed and admired by those who follow him down to hell. He is firmer than the rest of the fallen angels. One can't help but admire Satan's stubbornness and determination in the face of so much which goes against him, and his incredible efforts to achieve his goals.
罗经国版《新编英国文学简史(上)》第六章3
Point of View
1.
2.
Religiously, Bunyan was a devout Christian. He insisted that Biblical doctrines be the best way of life and everyone be entitled to understand Bible in his own way. He believed that man’s final salvation could be achieved only by one’s own spiritual struggle. Politically, Bunyan had a deep hatred for the corrupted and hypocritical rich who accumulated their wealth by hook and by crook (illegal way). He eulogized the truthseeking Chrisitan, who was a symbol of the virtuous common people.
Bunyan’s literary creation
The Pilgrim’s Progress: an allegory A tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities. Thus an allegory is a story with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning. The most famous allegory in English literature is John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress. Bunyan’s hero, Christian, makes a journey to the Celestial city, during which he meets such characters as Hope, Shame, and Despair. The symbolic meaning of the journey is the search for spiritual salvation.
新编英国文学选读(上册)翻译
新编英国文学选读(上册)翻译英国文学史（上册）第一章安格鲁-撒克逊时期（450-1066）1.历史背景不列颠群岛最早的居民是凯尔特人。
他们最初居住在莱茵河上游地区，大约在公元前600年，他们移居到了不列颠群岛。
在公元前400年到公元前300年时，凯尔特人的一个分支——布立吞人，来到了不列颠群岛，“不列颠”这个名字便是由他们所取。
凯尔特人的文化属于铁器文化的早期阶段，他们知道如何铸造铁剑和种植庄稼。
至于他们的，我们所知甚少，但是我们可以了解到他们五月节的宗教典礼和槲寄生（一种植物）的祭奠仪式，这些已经成为英国民族传统的一部分。
公元前55年到公元407年，不列颠群岛处于罗马帝国的统治之下。
当时，罗马帝国是奴隶社会，统治了整个欧洲，并且有很高的文明水平。
罗马人打败了凯尔特人，成为了不列颠群岛的主人，伦敦就是在罗马人的统治时期内建成的。
第一个来到不列颠的罗马将领是著名的XXX。
公元55年，在他取得高卢战役的胜利后，带领一万名士兵跨过英吉利海峡来到那里。
但他只在那里待了几个星期。
虽然他在第二年又来到了不列颠，但他并没有在岛上驻扎军队，因为他当时正忙于平息欧洲大陆的叛乱，还有罗马帝国的内战。
在罗马人对不列颠扩大征服之前，就这样过去了一个世纪。
罗马人统治了不列颠三个半世纪，他们建造了寺庙、修建了大路、砌城墙、建造军营。
但是，对凯尔特人的文化生活却影响不大。
他们建成了四、五十个城邑。
如今，如果你在英国听到一个城镇的名字是以“XXX”或“XXX”结尾的，那么毫无疑问，它一定是坐落在一个罗马军队曾经的屯兵之地上。
因为这样的词来源于拉丁语“卡斯楚”，它的意思是“要塞、堡垒”。
大部分我们所知道的罗马统治时期的不列颠，都来源于XXX的《高卢战记》和XXX的《日耳曼尼亚志》。
在XXX文学史中，出现了两个重要的时期。
第一个时期是诺森伯兰学派，该学派以诺森伯兰修道院和修道士为中心，与之密切相关的是生活在7世纪的诗人XXX。
他将中的故事转化为诗歌形式，并创作了《释义》。
外国文学第6章19世纪初期文学（笔记及真题与典型题详解）
外国文学第6章19世纪初期文学（笔记及真题与典型题详解）复习笔记一、历史背景1．本时期文学创作状况浪漫主义文学为一时期主导的文学潮流，但现实主义在这一时期也得到了一定的发展。
如吉恩·奥斯汀描写英国乡间日常生活的《傲慢与偏见》、《爱玛》，在英国18世纪小说和19世纪批判现实主义小说之间起了承上启下的作用。
在19世纪20年代，斯丹达尔提出了实质上是现实主义的文学主张，并且在自己的创作中加以体现。
在俄国，大诗人普希金也在20年代中期由浪漫主义转向现实主义。
2．浪漫主义文学产生的原因（1）浪漫主义文学的兴起是由18世纪末19世纪初欧洲的社会政治状况决定的。
18世纪伟大的启蒙学者们所预言的那个理想社会根本没有出现。
尤其是法国革命后的现实宣告了启蒙运动理想的破灭，在广大社会阶层中引起了一种普遍的失望情绪，浪漫主义正是这种失望情绪在文学上的反映。
（2）德国古典哲学和空想社会主义思想，也对浪漫主义文艺思潮的兴起产生了影响。
德国古典哲学对于浪漫主义文学强调主观精神和个人主义的倾向产生了不小的影响。
空想社会主义思想反映了当时尚未成熟的无产阶级对现存社会制度的失望和抗议，对浪漫主义文艺思潮产生了很大影响。
（3）18世纪英国感伤主义文学对浪漫主义思潮的产生和发展有着巨大的影响。
卢梭对个性解放和感情自由的宣扬，对想像的崇尚，以及返回自然的主张，对浪漫主义思潮的形成起了重大作用。
（4）浪漫主义是在对古典主义的斗争中发展起来的。
浪漫主义者反对古典主义的泥古倾向和理性教条的束缚，强调创作自由，强调情感和想像在创作中的作用。
3．浪漫主义文学的特色（1）浪漫主义作家偏爱表现主观的思想，着重抒发个人的感受和体验。
（2）浪漫主义作家对大自然有强烈的爱，雄伟奇异的大自然或远方异域往往是他们寄托自由理想之所在。
（3）浪漫主义作家对中世纪带有神秘色彩的历史和丰富多彩的民间传说、民歌、民谣极感兴趣，很多浪漫主义作家利用民间文学的题材进行创作。
Chapter 6英国文学共19页
• In the 18th century, under the influence from European enlightenment, esp. from the philosophers and writers of France, who “cleared the minds of men for the coming revolution”,
Pope’s well-known lines?
Essay on Criticism: For fools rush in where angels fear to
tread… To err is human, to forgive, divine... A little learning is a dangerous thing… Hills peep o’er hills, and Alps on Alps arise!
p103
• What became a perfect poetic medium in
pope’s hands, and it is also the principal verse
form for the neoclassic poets? p103
• He was at best in satire and epigram, but he
• The English Classicism found exponents in Joseph Addison & Richard Steele, the essayists, and Pope, the poet, and still another exponent in Samuel Johnson.
英国文学选读unit6
William Blake (1757-1827)
• Son of a small London tradesman, William Blake was born on November 28, 1757. He was the most independent and the most original poet of the 18th century. AS a strange and imaginative child, his soul was more at home with brooks and flowers and fairies than with the crowd of the city streets. He never went to school, but picked up his education as well as he could. His favorite writers include such giants as Shakespeare and Milton. At the age of ten, he was sent to a drawing school, and at 14, he was apprenticed to an engraver(雕刻师) and later began to earn his living as an engraver for various publishers. But he was never prosperous in this business and remained poor and obscure all his life.
Hale Waihona Puke • During the years 1788—1793, Blake mixed a lot with such political radicals and social reformers of the time as Thomas Paine and Richard Price. At the same time, under the stimulus of the French Revolution, he wrote a series of long poems, which he called Prophecies, including the famous “The French Revolution, a Prophecy(预言)” (1791)— describing the epoch-making attack on Bastille(监狱). In the meantime, Blake also turned to the triumph of American Independence, which is well interpreted in “Visions of the Daughters of Albion and America, a Prophecy”(1783). In these poems, Blake was in sympathy with the political radicals in their revolt against priests and kings, against the slavery and the oppression and exploitation of the poor. However, he differed from them in that he cared more for what he considered to be inner spiritual liberty rather than their external political and social liberty. Besides this, Blake also wrote a prophetic satire mainly in prose—The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1790), which contains “A Song of liberty” as its last section and was considered by Swinburne as the greatest of Blake’s works. This prose word is great and important for its expression of Blake’s spirit of rebellion against oppression.
外教社2024新编英国文学史教程PPT课件 Unit 6
Key Words
Skepticism
Insufficient evidence to support religious claim Political turbulences staged the unresolved paradox between faith and reason.
Key Words
setting shape our interpretation of the work?
2. What are the features of Neoclassicism?
Writers and Works
John Bunyan (1628-1688)
1. Enlisted in the Parliamentary army and served in the English Civil War
Interpretation:
Paradise Lost
1. The story 2. The character of Satan
The Epic Style and Milton’s Political Standing
Satan Arousing the Rebel Angels William Blake (1808)
e.g. love, books, truth…
2. Testify arguments
“to try” or “to attempt”, to analyze with logic
Questions for Critical Thinking
1. Why did Bacon write most of his works in Latin but Essays in English?
新编英国文学入门选读(上册)翻译
新编英国文学入门选读(上册)翻译简介新编英国文学入门选读(上册)是一本介绍英国文学的入门教材。
本书分为多个单元，涵盖了英国文学的不同时期和流派。
通过阅读这本书，读者可以了解英国文学的发展历程和重要作品。
结构本书共分为八个单元，每个单元介绍一个特定的时期或流派。
单元标题分别为：1. 古英国文学2. 文艺复兴时期文学3. 17世纪文学：清教文学和文艺复兴戏剧4. 18世纪文学：启蒙主义文学和浪漫主义文学5. 维多利亚时期文学：十九世纪中叶的小说与诗歌6. 现代主义文学：20世纪初的实验性文学7. 后现代主义文学：20世纪后期的文学8. 当代英国文学每个单元都包括多篇经典文学作品的摘录，并附有详细的注释和解读。
通过这些文学作品的阅读，读者可以更好地理解和欣赏英国文学的特点和风格。
适用对象本书适用于对英国文学感兴趣的读者，尤其是作为英国文学入门教材或研究参考书。
无论是文学专业学生还是对英国文学产生兴趣的非专业读者，都可以通过阅读本书来扩展自己的知识和了解英国文学的魅力。
目标本书的目标是帮助读者对英国文学有一个全面而系统的了解。
通过阅读本书，读者可以：- 了解英国文学的发展历程和重要作品；- 熟悉英国文学不同时期和流派的特点和主题；- 研究欣赏和解读经典英国文学作品；- 拓宽自己的文学素养和知识面。
通过达成这些目标，读者可以在研究和研究英国文学方面取得良好的基础，并能更好地欣赏和理解英国文学的独特之处。
总结新编英国文学入门选读(上册)是一本权威的英国文学入门教材，通过精选的文学作品和详细的注释，帮助读者全面了解英国文学的发展和特点。
无论是学习英国文学还是对英国文学感兴趣的非专业读者，都可以通过阅读本书来拓宽自己的知识和文学素养。
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CHAPTER SIXTHE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1603——1688)1.Historical background:The Stuart: James first (1603— 1625)His son Charles I (1625—1649)Commonwealth led by Oliver Cromwell (1649——1660) Charles II, the son of Charles I (1660——1665) James II, the brother of Charles II (1665——1688)1）Causes of revolutionLack of ruling skillsWorsening relationship between the parliament and the monarchPuritans’s dissatisfaction and fear of persecution2）Processes of revolutionbreaking out of the bourgeois revolution in 1642: rejection of the Grand RemonstranceThe nature of the Lord Protectorrestoration of the monarchThe Glorious Revolution in 16883）Influences of revolution(1). supremacy of Parliament(2). beginning of modern England(3). final triumph of the principle of political liberty4)The literary scene of the timea.Decline of the English Renaissance:b.Decline of drama in early 17th century to the closing ofthe theaters in London in 1642c.A new literary movement gathering way:a movement away from the ornamental (artificial) language,elaborate metaphors toward plainer language2.The King James Bible of 1611·Testament: covenant between God and Hebrews·The Old Testament: in Hebrew·The New Testament: in Greek·Contributions:a. influenced the English prose by its “biblicallanguage”b. granted ordinary people access to the bible. Thus itgreatly promoted the protestant movement.*Genesis·the first book of the Old Testament·Central theme:God creates the world and appoints man as his regent, but man proves disobedient and God destroys his world through the Flood. The new post-Flood world is equally corrupt, but God does not destroy it, instead calling one man, Abraham, to be the seed of its salvation. At God's command Abraham descends from his home into the land of Canaan, given to him by God, where he dwells as a sojourner, as does his son Isaac and his grandson Jacob.Jacob's name is changed to Israel, and through the agency of his son Joseph, the children of Israel descend into Egypt, 70 people in all with their households, and God promises them a future of greatness. Genesis ends with Israel in Egypt, ready for the coming of Moses and the Exodus. The narrative is punctuated by a series of covenants with God, successively narrowing in scope from all mankind (the covenant with Noah) to a special relationship with one people alone.3.FRANCIS BACON (1561—1626)1)Question: Why did he, as Shakespeare’s contemporary belong to the next period?(1)Chief figure in English prose with his Essays(2)Aversion to medieval scholasticism(3)Progenitor of English materialism2)Characteristics of his works:(1)simple sentence structure(2) conciseness of expression(3) simplicity of diction4.Metaphysical Poets and Cavalier Poets1)Metaphysical poetry(1)Characteristics:bold and ingenious conceits, incongruous imagery, complexity of thought, frequent use of paradox, deliberate harshness or rigidity of expression(2)Main themes:Love, death and religion(3)Chief representative: John Donne2)Cavalier poets(1)Characteristics:Courtliness, urbanity, and polish(2)Main themes:Love, “carpe diem”(3)Chief representative: Ben Johnson【*Cavalier School】The characteristics:1)The theme2)The style:(1)shared many elements with the metaphysical school such as easy-to-understand language(2) refined, elegant language, sweet rhythm5.John Donne (1572-1631)1)His life:Born in a Roman Catholic familyWent to Oxford, Cambridge and Lincoln’s InnAs a young man known as “a greatVisitor of ladies, a great frequenter ofPlays, a great writer of conceited verses”Eloped with Ann MoreDean of St. Paul’s Cathedral2)His WorksBefore 1600: Satires, Elegies, Songs and Sonnets: 55 love lyrics1621 to 1631: religious poems and sermons, other religious writings*SongThe characteristics exemplified by John Donne’s Song:a. The themes:………………b. The style:(1)Why metaphysical?Emphasis on intellectual power and complexity of thoughts (2)Easy-to-understand language (plain language), yet not necessarily easy to understand the poem(3)Rigid and harsh expressions(4) Unnatural rhythm and strong lines(5) Bold and ingenious conceits and incongruous imagery;(6) analogy and paradox3)Two groups of his love lyrics(1). negative attitude towards love: cynical comments on the inconsistency of women in love(2). positive attitude towards love: fiery utterances of unruly passion mixed with coarse suggestions of sensual love and morbid thoughts of deathStyle: complicated reasoning through far-fetched comparisons or “conceits” and in strange imageries and obscure language e.g. The Flea6.George Herbert(1593 –1633)a Welsh-born English poet, orator and Anglican priest1)his life:Born into an artistic and wealthy familyWent to Trinity College, Cambridge2)his worksIn 1633 published The Temple: Sacred poems and private ejaculations3)characteristics of his religious poems：Wrote religious poems characterized by a precision of language, a metrical versatility, and an ingenious use of imagery or conceits7.Ben Jonsonwas chiefly known as a dramatist. He was also a poet,the representative of Cavaliers.1)His works:(1)drama：He was famous for his Comedies of Humous(2)poem:Love lyric: Song to Celia8.JOHN MILTON, The greatest puritan poet (1608——1674)1) his life story2) Paradise Lost, a religious worka. its literary genre: epicb. (1)its main theme: the assertion of God’s Providence(2) his hatred for the returned monarch(3)his Renaissance ideal of man: the glorification of humans for their lovec. writing techniques: black verse of iambic pentameter run-on linescomplicated sentences like LatinAllusions9.JOHN BUNYAN, The chief puritan writer of prose (1628——1688)1) his life story2)The Pilgrim’s Progress, a religious worka. its literary genre: prose in the form of allegory and dramab. Theme: its main theme: the assertion of his religious viewssubtheme: satires at the vice and ills of the society helived inc. writing techniques:(1) simple and daily used expressions(2) biblical language(3) revealing his ideas in a direct and straightforward way10.JOHN DRYDEN(1631——1700),the dominant literary figure in the Restoration period heavily influencing the literary trend at the time·his life story·his literary achievements: poetry, dramas and the most important of all: the literary criticism, of which the most well known is An Essay of Dramatic Poesy【Question after class：】In what way does the 17th century literature pave the way for the literature of the next century?。