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地区简称拼音左云县zyx zuo yun xian左权县zqx zuo quan xian左贡县zgx zuo gong xian遵义县zyx zun yi xian遵义市zys zun yi shi遵化市zhs zun hua shi邹平县zpx zou ping xian邹城市zcs zou cheng shi自流井区zljq zi liu jing qu自贡市zgs zi gong shizymzbyzzzx z i yun miao zu bu yi zu zi zhi xian 紫云苗族布依紫阳县zyx zi yang xian紫金县zjx zi jin xian梓潼县ztx梓潼xian秭归县zgx秭gui xian子洲县zzx zi zhou xian子长县zcx zi chang xian淄川区zcq zi chuan qu淄博市zbs zi bo shi资中县zzx zi zhong xian资源县zyx zi yuan xian资阳市zys zi yang shi资阳区zyq zi yang qu资兴市zxs zi xing shi资溪县zxx zi xi xian卓资县zzx zhuo zi xian卓尼县znx zhuo ni xian涿州市zzs涿zhou shi涿鹿县zlx涿lu xian准格尔旗zgeq zhun ge er qi庄浪县zlx zhuang lang xian庄河市zhs zhuang he shi驻马店市zmds zhu ma dian shi竹溪县zxx zhu xi xian竹山县zsx zhu shan xian诸暨市zjs zhu 暨shi诸城市zcs zhu cheng shi株洲县zzx zhu zhou xian株洲市zzs zhu zhou shi珠山区zsq zhu shan qu珠晖区zhq zhu 晖qu珠海市zhs zhu hai shi周至县zzx zhou zhi xian周宁县znx zhou ning xian周口市zks zhou kou shi周村区zcq zhou cun qu舟山市zss zhou shan shi舟曲县zqx zhou qu xian重庆市zqs zhong qing shi重庆zq zhong qing仲恺高新区zkgxq zhong 恺gao xin qu仲巴县zbx zhong ba xian钟祥市zxs zhong xiang shi钟山县zsx zhong shan xian钟山区zsq zhong shan qu钟楼区zlq zhong lou qu忠县zx zhong xian中站区zzq zhong zhan qu中原区zyq zhong yuan qu中阳县zyx zhong yang xian中卫市zws zhong wei shi中堂镇ztz zhong tang zhen中山市zss zhong shan shi中山市zss zhong shan shi中山区zsq zhong shan qu中宁县znx zhong ning xian中牟县zmx zhong mou xian中江县zjx zhong jiang xian中方县zfx zhong fang xian治多县zdx zhi duo xian志丹县zdx zhi dan xianzjdzzzx芷jiang dong zu zi zhi xian芷江侗族自治织金县zjx zhi jin xian枝江市zjs zhi jiang shi芝罘区zfq zhi 罘quzwwhxq zheng wu wen hua xin qu政务文化新区政和县zhx zheng he xian郑州市zzs zheng zhou shi郑东新区zdxq zheng dong xin qu正阳县zyx zheng yang xian正镶白旗zxbq zheng xiang bai qi正宁县znx zheng ning xian正蓝旗zlq zheng lan qi正定县zdx zheng ding xian正安县zax zheng an xian蒸湘区zxq zheng xiang qu镇远县zyx zhen yuan xian镇原县zyx zhen yuan xianzhen 沅yi zu ha ni zu la 祜zu zi zhi xian zyyzhnzlhzz镇沅彝族哈尼镇雄县zxx zhen xiong xian镇坪县zpx zhen ping xian镇平县zpx zhen ping xianznbyzmzzzx z hen ning bu yi zu miao zu zi zhi xian镇宁布依族苗镇赉县zlx zhen 赉xian镇康县zkx zhen kang xian镇江市zjs zhen jiang shi镇海区zhq zhen hai qu镇巴县zbx zhen ba xian镇安县zax zhen an xian振兴区zxq zhen xing qu振安区zaq zhen an qu浈江区zjq浈jiang qu贞丰县zfx zhen feng xian浙江zj zhe jiang柘荣县zrx柘rong xian柘城县zcx柘cheng xian肇州县zzx zhao zhou xian肇源县zyx zhao yuan xian肇庆市zqs zhao qing shi肇东市zds zhao dong shi赵县zx zhao xian诏安县zax诏an xian召陵区zlq zhao ling qu昭阳区zyq zhao yang qu昭通市zts zhao tong shi昭苏县zsx zhao su xian昭平县zpx zhao ping xian昭觉县zjx zhao jue xian招远市zys zhao yuan shi长子县czx chang zi xian长洲区czq chang zhou qu长治县czx chang zhi xian长治市czs chang zhi shi长垣县cyx chang yuan xiancytjzzzx chang yang tu jia zu zi zhi xian 长阳土家族自长兴县cxx chang xing xian长武县cwx chang wu xian长汀县ctx chang ting xian长泰县ctx chang tai xian长顺县csx chang shun xian长寿区csq chang shou qu长沙县csx chang sha xian长沙市css chang sha shi长清区cqq chang qing qu长宁县cnx chang ning xian长宁区cnq chang ning qu长岭县clx chang ling xian长乐市cls chang le shi长海县chx chang hai xian长葛市cgs chang ge shi长丰县cfx chang feng xian长岛县cdx chang dao xian长春市ccs chang chun shicbcxzzzx chang bai chao xian zu zi zhi xian 长白朝鲜族自长安镇caz chang an zhen长安区caq chang an qu长安区caq chang an qu樟树市zss zhang shu shi樟木头镇zmtz zhang mu tou zhen漳州市zzs zhang zhou shi漳县zx zhang xian漳浦县zpx zhang pu xian漳平市zps zhang ping shi彰武县zwx zhang wu xian章丘市zqs zhang qiu shi章贡区zgq zhang gong qu张掖市zys zhang ye shi张湾区zwq zhang wan qu张家口市zjks zhang jia kou shi张家界市zjjs zhang jia jie shi张家港市zjgs zhang jia gang shizjchzzzx zhang jia chuan hui zu zi zhi xian 张家川回族自张店区zdq zhang dian qu张北县zbx zhang bei xian湛江市zjs zhan jiang shi湛河区zhq zhan he qu站前区zqq zhan qian qu沾益县zyx zhan yi xian沾化县zhx zhan hua xian柞水县zsx zuo shui xian闸北区zbq zha bei qu札达县zdx zha da xian扎囊县znx zha nang xian扎鲁特旗zltq zha lu te qi扎兰屯市zlts zha lan tun shi扎赉特旗zltq zha 赉te qi增城市zcs zeng cheng shi泽州县zzx ze zhou xian泽普县zpx ze pu xian泽库县zkx ze ku xian枣庄市zzs zao zhuang shi枣阳市zys zao yang shi枣强县zqx zao qiang xian赞皇县zhx zan huang xian杂多县zdx za duo xian郓城县ycx郓cheng xian运河区yhq yun he qu运城市ycs yun cheng shi郧县yx yun xian郧西县yxx yun xi xian云阳县yyx yun yang xian云岩区yyq yun yan qu云霄县yxx yun xiao xian云县yx yun xian云溪区yxq yun xi qu云南yn yun nan云梦县ymx yun meng xian云龙县ylx yun long xian云龙区ylq yun long qu云和县yhx yun he xian云浮市yfs yun fu shi云城区ycq yun cheng qu云安县yax yun an xian越秀区yxq yue xiu qu越西县yxx yue xi xian越城区ycq yue cheng qu岳阳县yyx yue yang xian岳阳市yys yue yang shi岳阳楼区yylq yue yang lou qu岳西县yxx yue xi xian岳塘区ytq yue tang qu岳普湖县yphx yue pu hu xian岳麓区ylq yue lu qu岳池县ycx yue chi xian月湖区yhq yue hu qu远安县yax yuan an xian源汇区yhq yuan hui qu源城区ycq yuan cheng qu原州区yzq yuan zhou qu原阳县yyx yuan yang xian原平市yps yuan ping shi袁州区yzq yuan zhou qu垣曲县yqx yuan qu xian沅陵县ylx 沅ling xian沅江市yjs 沅jiang shi元阳县yyx yuan yang xian元氏县ysx yuan shi xian元谋县ymx yuan mou xian元江哈尼族彝yjhnzyzdzzz yuan jiang ha ni zu yi zu dai zu zi zhi xian 元宝山区ybsq yuan bao shan qu元宝区ybq yuan bao qu元坝区ybq yuan ba qu裕民县ymx yu min xian裕华区yhq yu hua qu裕安区yaq yu an qu育才乡ycx yu cai xiang郁南县ynx yu nan xian玉州区yzq yu zhou qu玉溪市yxs yu xi shi玉田县ytx yu tian xian玉树县ysx yu shu xianysczzzz yu shu cang zu zi zhi zhou 玉树藏族自治玉山县ysx yu shan xian玉泉区yqq yu quan quypdzzzx yu ping dong zu zi zhi xian 玉屏侗族自治玉门市yms yu men shiylnxzzzx yu long na xi zu zi zhi xian 玉龙纳西族自玉林市yls yu lin shi玉环县yhx yu huan xian禹州市yzs yu zhou shi禹王台区ywtq yu wang tai qu禹会区yhq yu hui qu禹城市ycs yu cheng shi雨山区ysq yu shan qu雨花台区yhtq yu hua tai qu雨花区yhq yu hua qu雨湖区yhq yu hu qu雨城区ycq yu cheng qu虞城县ycx yu cheng xian榆中县yzx yu zhong xian榆阳区yyq yu yang qu榆树市yss yu shu shi榆社县ysx yu she xian榆林市yls yu lin shi榆次区ycq yu ci qu渝中区yzq yu zhong qu渝水区ysq yu shui qu渝北区ybq yu bei qu鱼台县ytx yu tai xian鱼峰区yfq yu feng qu盂县yx yu xian余姚市yys yu yao shi余庆县yqx yu qing xian余江县yjx yu jiang xian余杭区yhq yu hang qu余干县ygx yu gan xian于田县ytx yu tian xian于洪区yhq yu hong qu于都县ydx yu dou xian右玉县yyx you yu xian右江区yjq you jiang quyytjzmzzzx y ou yang tu jia zu miao zu zi zhi xian 酉阳土家族苗友谊县yyx you yi xian友好区yhq you hao qu游仙区yxq you xian qu尤溪县yxx you xi xian攸县yx攸xian埇桥区yqq埇qiao qu永州市yzs yong zhou shi永修县yxx yong xiu xian永兴县yxx yong xing xian永新县yxx yong xin xian永泰县ytx yong tai xian永顺县ysx yong shun xian永寿县ysx yong shou xian永胜县ysx yong sheng xian永善县ysx yong shan xian永仁县yrx yong ren xian永清县yqx yong qing xian永平县ypx yong ping xian永宁县ynx yong ning xian永年县ynx yong nian xian永康市yks yong kang shi永靖县yjx yong jing xian永嘉县yjx yong jia xian永济市yjs yong ji shi永吉县yjx yong ji xian永和县yhx yong he xian永福县yfx yong fu xian永丰县yfx yong feng xian永定县ydx yong ding xian永定区ydq yong ding qu永登县ydx yong deng xian永德县ydx yong de xian永春县ycx yong chun xian永川区ycq yong chuan qu永城市ycs yong cheng shi永昌县ycx yong chang xian永安市yas yong an shi邕宁区ynq邕ning qu应县yx ying xian应城市ycs ying cheng shi颍州区yzq颍zhou qu颍上县ysx颍shang xian颍泉区yqq颍quan qu颍东区ydq颍dong qu营山县ysx ying shan xian营口市yks ying kou shi盈江县yjx ying jiang xian荥阳市xys荥yang shi荥经县xjx荥jing xian迎泽区yzq ying ze qu迎江区yjq ying jiang qu鹰潭市yts ying tan shi鹰手营子矿区ysyzkq ying shou ying zi kuang quyxjjkfq ying xiong jing ji kai fa qu英雄经济开发英山县ysx ying shan xian英吉沙县yjsx ying ji sha xian英德市yds ying de shi印台区ytq yin tai quyjtjzmzzzx y in jiang tu jia zu miao zu 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xian耀州区yzq yao zhou qu瑶海区yhq yao hai qu姚安县yax yao an xian尧都区ydq yao dou quybyzzzx yang 濞yi zu zi zhi xian 漾濞彝族自治洋县yx yang xian杨浦区ypq yang pu qu杨陵区ylq yang ling qu阳原县yyx yang yuan xian阳信县yxx yang xin xian阳新县yxx yang xin xian阳西县yxx yang xi xian阳朔县ysx yang shuo xian阳山县ysx yang shan xian阳泉市yqs yang quan shi阳曲县yqx yang qu xian阳明区ymq yang ming qu阳江市yjs yang jiang shi阳谷县ygx yang gu xian阳高县ygx yang gao xian阳东县ydx yang dong xian阳春市ycs yang chun shi阳城县ycx yang cheng xian扬州市yzs yang zhou shi扬中市yzs yang zhong shi雁塔区ytq yan ta qu雁山区ysq yan shan qu雁江区yjq yan jiang qu雁峰区yfq yan feng qu砚山县ysx yan shan xian偃师市yss偃shi shi郾城区ycq郾cheng qu兖州市yzs兖zhou shi阎良区ylq yan liang qu盐源县yyx yan yuan xian盐亭县ytx yan ting xian盐田区ytq yan tian qu盐山县ysx yan shan xian盐津县yjx yan jin xian盐湖区yhq yan hu qu盐都区ydq yan dou qu盐池县ycx yan chi xian盐城市ycs yan cheng shi盐边县ybx yan bian xian沿滩区ytq yan tan quyhtjzzzx yan he tu jia zu zi zhi xian沿河土家族自炎陵县ylx yan ling xian延长县ycx yan chang xian延寿县ysx yan shou xian延庆县yqx yan qing xian延平区ypq yan ping qu延津县yjx yan jin xian延吉市yjs yan ji shi延川县ycx yan chuan xianybcxzzzz yan bian chao xian zu zi zhi zhou 延边朝鲜族自延安市yas yan an shi鄢陵县ylx鄢ling xianyqhzzzx yan 耆hui zu zi zhi xian焉耆回族自治烟台市yts yan tai shi亚东县ydx ya dong xian雅江县yjx ya jiang xian雅安市yas ya an shi崖城镇ycz ya cheng zhen牙克石市ykss ya ke shi shi逊克县xkx xun ke xianxhslzzzx xun hua sa la zu zi zhi xian循化撒拉族自浔阳区xyq浔yang qu寻乌县xwx xun wu xianxdhzyzzzxxun dian hui zu yi zu zi zhi xian 寻甸回族彝族旬邑县xyx xun yi xian旬阳县xyx xun yang xian薛城区xcq xue cheng qu玄武区xwq xuan wu qu宣州区xzq xuan zhou qu宣武区xwq xuan wu qu宣威市xws xuan wei shi宣化县xhx xuan hua xian宣化区xhq xuan hua qu宣汉县xhx xuan han xian宣恩县xex xuan en xian宣城市xcs xuan cheng shi溆浦县xpx溆pu xian叙永县xyx xu yong xian许昌县xcx xu chang xian许昌市xcs xu chang shi徐州市xzs xu zhou shi徐闻县xwx xu wen xian徐水县xsx xu shui xian徐汇区xhq xu hui qu盱眙县xyx盱眙xianxymzzzx岫yan man zu zi zhi xian岫岩满族自治秀洲区xzq xiu zhou qu秀屿区xyq xiu yu qu秀英区xyq xiu ying quxstjzmzzzx x iu shan tu jia zu miao zu zi zhi xian 秀山土家族苗秀峰区xfq xiu feng qu宿州市szs su zhou shi宿豫区syq su yu qu宿松县ssx su song xian宿迁市sqs su qian shi宿城区scq su cheng qu修武县xwx xiu wu xian修文县xwx xiu wen xian修水县xsx xiu shui xian休宁县xnx xiu ning xian雄县xx xiong xian杏花岭区xhlq xing hua ling qu兴义市xys xing yi shi兴业县xyx xing ye xian兴县xx xing xian兴文县xwx xing wen xian兴山县xsx xing shan xian兴山区xsq xing shan qu兴仁县xrx xing ren xian兴庆区xqq xing qing qu兴平市xps xing ping shi兴宁市xns xing ning shi兴宁区xnq xing ning qu兴隆县xlx xing long xian兴隆台区xltq xing long tai qu兴化市xhs xing hua shi兴和县xhx xing he xian兴海县xhx xing hai xian兴国县xgx xing guo xian兴城市xcs xing cheng shi兴宾区xbq xing bin qu兴安县xax xing an xian兴安区xaq xing an qu兴安盟xam xing an meng邢台县xtx xing tai xian邢台市xts xing tai shi星子县xzx xing zi xian信州区xzq xin zhou qu信宜市xys xin yi shi信阳市xys xin yang shi信丰县xfx xin feng xian新洲区xzq xin zhou qu新郑市xzs xin zheng shi新站试验区xzsyq xin zhan shi yan qu新源县xyx xin yuan xian新余市xys xin yu shi新沂市xys xin yi shi新野县xyx xin ye xian新兴县xxx xin xing xian新兴区xxq xin xing qu新乡县xxx xin xiang xian新乡市xxs xin xiang shi新县xx xin xian新田县xtx xin tian 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xian铜山县tsx tong shan xian铜仁市trs tong ren shi铜仁地区trdq tong ren di qu铜陵县tlx tong ling xian铜陵市tls tong ling shi铜梁县tlx tong liang xian铜官山区tgsq tong guan shan qu铜鼓县tgx tong gu xian铜川市tcs tong chuan shi桐梓县txx tong 梓xian桐乡市txs tong xiang shi桐庐县tlx tong lu xian桐城市tcs tong cheng shi桐柏县tbx tong bai xian同心县txx tong xin xian同仁县trx tong ren xian同江市tjs tong jiang shi同德县tdx tong de xian同安区taq tong an qu通州市tzs tong zhou shi通州区tzq tong zhou qu通榆县tyx tong yu xian通许县txx tong xu xian通渭县twx tong wei xian通山县tsx tong shan xian通辽市tls tong liao shi通江县tjx tong jiang xian通化县thx tong hua xian通化市ths tong hua shi通河县thx tong he xian通海县thx tong hai xiantddzzzx tong dao dong zu zi zhi xian 通道侗族自治通川区tcq tong chuan qu通城县tcx tong cheng xian亭湖区thq ting hu qu铁西区txq tie xi qu铁西区txq tie xi qu铁西区txq tie xi qu铁山区tsq tie shan qu铁山港区tsgq tie shan gang qu铁岭县tlx tie ling xian铁岭市tls tie ling shi铁力市tls tie li shi铁锋区tfq tie feng qu铁东区tdq tie dong qu铁东区tdq tie dong qu调兵山市dbss diao bing shan shi田阳县tyx tian yang xian田林县tlx tian lin xian田家庵区tjaq tian jia 庵qu田独镇tdz tian du zhen田东县tdx tian dong xiantzczzzx tian zhu cang zu zi zhi xian 天祝藏族自治天柱县tzx tian zhu xian天镇县tzx tian zhen xian天长市tcs tian chang shi天元区tyq tian yuan qu天涯镇tyz tian ya zhen天心区txq tian xin qu天台县ttx tian tai xian天水市tss tian shui shi天山区tsq tian shan qu天全县tqx tian quan xian天桥区tqq tian qiao qu天宁区tnq tian ning qu天门市tms tian men shi天峻县tjx tian jun xian天津市tjs tian jin shi天津tj tian jin天河区thq tian he qu天峨县tex tian e xian天等县tdx tian deng xian藤县tx teng xian滕州市tzs滕zhou shi腾冲县tcx teng chong xian特克斯县tksx te ke si xian桃源县tyx tao yuan xian桃山区tsq tao shan qu桃江县tjx tao jiang xian桃城区tcq tao cheng qu洮南市tns洮nan shi洮北区tbq洮bei qu塘厦镇txz tang xia zhen塘沽区tgq tang gu qu唐县tx tang xian唐山市tss tang shan shi唐河县thx tang he xian唐海县thx tang hai xian汤原县tyx tang yuan xian汤阴县tyx tang yin xian汤旺河区twhq tang wang he qu覃塘区ttq覃tang qu郯城县tcx郯cheng xian泰州市tzs tai zhou shi泰兴市txs tai xing shi泰顺县tsx tai shun xian泰山区tsq tai shan qu泰宁县tnx tai ning xian泰来县tlx tai lai xian泰和县thx tai he xian泰安市tas tai an shi太子河区tzhq tai zi he qu太原市tys tai yuan shi太仆寺旗tpsq tai pu si qi太平区tpq tai ping qu太康县tkx tai kang xian太湖县thx tai hu xian太和县thx tai he xian太和区thq tai he qu太谷县tgx tai gu xian太仓市tcs tai cang shi太白县tbx tai bai xian台州市tzs tai zhou shi台湾tw tai wan台湾tw tai wan台湾tw tai wan台山市tss tai shan shi台前县tqx tai qian xian台江县tjx tai jiang xian台江区tjq tai jiang qu台儿庄区tezq tai er zhuang qu台安县tax tai an xian塔什库尔干塔ta shi ku er gan ta ji ke zi zhi xian tskegtjkzzx塔河县thx ta he xian塔城市tcs ta cheng shi塔城地区tcdq ta cheng di qu索县sx suo xian孙吴县swx sun wu xian遂溪县sxx sui xi xian遂平县spx sui ping xian遂宁市sns sui ning shi遂川县scx sui chuan xian遂昌县scx sui chang xian随州市szs sui zhou shi绥中县szx sui zhong xian绥阳县syx sui yang xian绥宁县snx sui ning xian绥棱县slx sui leng xian绥江县sjx sui jiang xian绥化市shs sui hua shi绥芬河市sfhs sui fen he shi绥德县sdx sui de xian绥滨县sbx sui bin xian濉溪县sxx濉xi xian睢阳区hyq睢yang qu睢县hx睢xian睢宁县hnx睢ning xian肃州区szq su zhou qu肃宁县snx su ning xiansnygzzzx su nan yu gu zu zi zhi xian 肃南裕固族自肃北蒙古族自sbmgzzzx su bei meng gu zu zi zhi xian 苏州市szs su zhou shi苏仙区sxq su xian qu苏尼特左旗sntzq su ni te zuo qi苏尼特右旗sntyq su ni te you qi苏家屯区sjtq su jia tun qu嵩县sx嵩xian嵩明县smx嵩ming xian松滋市szs song zi shi松原市sys song yuan shi松阳县syx song yang xian松溪县sxx song xi xianstmzzzx song tao miao zu zi zhi xian 松桃苗族自治松山新区ssxq song shan xin qu松山区ssq song shan qu松潘县spx song pan xian松岭区slq song ling qu松江区sjq song jiang qu松北区sbq song bei qu泗阳县syx泗yang xian泗县sx泗xian泗水县ssx泗shui xian泗洪县shx泗hong xian四子王旗szwq si zi wang qi四平市sps si ping shi四会市shs si hui shi四方台区sftq si fang tai qu四方区sfq si fang qu四川sc si chuan思南县snx si nan xian思明区smq si ming qu思茅区smq si mao qu朔州市szs shuo zhou shi朔城区scq shuo cheng qu顺义区syq shun yi qu顺庆区sqq shun qing qu顺平县spx shun ping xian顺河回族区shhzq shun he hui zu qu顺德区sdq shun de qu顺城区scq shun cheng qu顺昌县scx shun chang xian水磨沟区smgq shui mo gou qu水富县sfx shui fu xian水城县scx shui cheng xian双阳区syq shuang yang qu双鸭山市syss shuang ya shan shi双台子区stzq shuang tai zi qu双塔区stq shuang ta qu双清区sqq shuang qing qu双桥区sqq shuang qiao qu双桥区sqq shuang qiao qu双牌县spx shuang pai xian双滦区slq shuang luan qu双流县slx shuang liu xian双辽市sls shuang liao shishuang jiang la 祜zu 佤zu bu lang zu dai zu zi zhi xian 双江拉祜族佤sjlhzwzblzd双峰县sfx shuang feng xian双城市scs shuang cheng shi双柏县sbx shuang bai xian沭阳县syx沭yang xian蜀山区ssq shu shan qu疏勒县slx shu le xian疏附县sfx shu fu xian舒兰市sls shu lan shi舒城县scx shu cheng xian寿阳县syx shou yang xian寿县sx shou xian寿宁县snx shou ning xian寿光市sgs shou guang shi市中区szq shi zhong qu市中区szq shi zhong qu市中区szq shi zhong qu市中区szq shi zhong qu市中区szq shi zhong qu市南区snq shi nan qu市北区sbq shi bei qu始兴县sxx shi xing xian石嘴山市szss shi zui shan shisztjzzzx shi zhu tu jia zu zi zhi xian石柱土家族自石台县stx shi tai xian石首市sss shi shou shi石狮市sss shi shi shi石泉县sqx shi quan xian石渠县sqx shi qu xian石阡县sqx shi 阡xian石屏县spx shi ping xian石排镇spz shi pai zhen石棉县smx shi mian xian石门县smx shi men xian石楼县slx shi lou xian石龙镇slz shi long zhen石龙区slq shi long quslyzzzx shi lin yi zu zi zhi xian石林彝族自治石景山区sjsq shi jing shan qu石碣镇sjx shi 碣zhen石家庄市sjzs shi jia zhuang shi石河子市shzs shi he zi shi石拐区sgq shi guai qu石鼓区sgq shi gu qu石峰区sfq shi feng qu石城县scx shi cheng xian十堰市sys shi yan shi浉河区shq浉he qu施甸县sdx shi dian xian施秉县sbx shi bing xian狮子山区szsq shi zi shan qu师宗县szx shi zong xian嵊州市szs嵊zhou shi嵊泗县ssx嵊泗xianszxxjxzdwsheng zhi xia xian ji xing zheng dan wei 省直辖县级行szxxjxzdwsheng zhi xia xian ji xing zheng dan wei 省直辖县级行szxxjxzdwsheng zhi xia xian ji xing zheng dan wei 省直辖县级行沈阳市sys shen yang shi沈丘县sqx shen qiu xian沈河区shq shen he qu沈北新区sbxq shen bei xin qu神农架林区snjlq shen nong jia lin qu神木县smx shen mu xian神池县scx shen chi xian什邡市sfs shi 邡shi深州市szs shen zhou shi深圳市szs shen 圳shi深泽县szx shen ze xian莘县sx莘xian申扎县szx shen zha xian涉县sx she xian射阳县syx she yang xian射洪县shx she hong xian社旗县sqx she qi xian绍兴县sxx shao xing xian绍兴市sxs shao xing shi邵阳县syx shao yang xian邵阳市sys shao yang shi邵武市sws shao wu shi邵东县sdx shao dong xian。
常用英文字母缩写
常用英文字母缩写英语中有许多常用的缩写词,它们通常是单词的首字母组合而成。
这些缩写词在书面和口语中都被广泛使用,并且有着各自不同的意义和用法。
下面是一些常见的英文字母缩写及其解释:A - United States of America - United Kingdom3.UFO - Unidentified Flying Object4.NASA - National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministrationN - Cable News Network6.FBI - Federal Bureau of Investigation7.UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific,and Cultural Organization8.CEO - Chief Executive Officer9.DIY - Do It Yourself10.FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions11.VIP - Very Important Person12.CEO - Chief Executive Officer13.HR - Human Resources - Television15.PDF - Portable Document Format16.MP3 - Moving Picture Experts Group Layer 3 Audio17.BBC - British Broadcasting Corporation18.LCD - Liquid Crystal Display19.DVD - Digital Versatile Disc20.WiFi - Wireless Fidelity这些英文字母缩写在日常生活中随处可见,帮助人们更便捷地表达和沟通。
熟练掌握这些缩写词的意义和用法,对于提升英语写作和交流能力是非常有益的。
国际常用英语缩写大全
国际常用英语缩写大全
在国际交流中,使用缩写可以使信息更为简洁清晰,方便
人们快速理解。
以下是一些常用的英语缩写及其解释:
1.etc. - et cetera,表示“等等”或“及其他”。
2.i.e. - id est,表示“即”或“也就是说”。
3. e.g. - exempli gratia,表示“例如”。
4.CEO - Chief Executive Officer,公司的首席执行官。
5.CFO - Chief Financial Officer,公司的首席财务官。
6.IT - Information Technology,信息技术。
7.DIY - Do It Yourself,自己动手做。
8.FAQ- Frequently Asked Questions,常见问题解答。
9.UN - United Nations,联合国。
A - United States of America,美利坚合众国。
11.EU - European Union,欧洲联盟。
以上是一些常用的英语缩写,希望对你的工作和生活有所
帮助。
请记住这些常见的缩写,以便更好地理解和应用。
国际常用英语缩写大全初中
国际常用英语缩写大全初中在国际交流中,为了简化表达和提高效率,人们经常会使用各种缩写词。
这些缩写词在不同领域中被广泛使用,包括商业、科技、政治、教育等。
对于初中生来说,了解和掌握常见的英语缩写词是提升英语能力的重要一步。
以下是一些常用的国际英语缩写大全,希望对初中生学习英语有所帮助。
常见的国际英语缩写•UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization•NASA - National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration•FBI - Federal Bureau of Investigation•CNN - Cable News Network•USA - United States of America•EU - European Union•CEO - Chief Executive Officer•WWF - World Wide Fund for Nature•NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization•AIDS - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome•DIY - Do It Yourself•IQ - Intelligence Quotient•UFO - Unidentified Flying Object•VIP - Very Important Person•FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions•DVD - Digital Versatile Disc•CEO - Central European Time•GMT - Greenwich Mean Time•TV - Television•GPS - Global Positioning System以上是一些在国际交流中常见的英语缩写词,初中生们可以通过学习这些缩写词,更好地理解英语的实际应用和提高自己的阅读和沟通能力。
常用英文缩写
常用英文缩写星期、月份等星期星期一:Mon.=Monday星期二:Tues.=Tuesday星期三:Wed.=Wednesday星期四:Thur.=Thurday星期五:Fri.=Friday星期六:Sat.=Saturday星期天:Sun.=Sunday月份一月份:Jan.=January二月份:Feb.=February三月份:Mar.=March四月份:Apr.=April五月份:May=May六月份:Jun.=June七月份:Jul.=July八月份:Aug.=August九月份:Sept.=September十月份:Oct.=October十一月份:Nov.=November十二月份:Dec.=December注意:“.”不能省略!写日期时,可以用基数词(避免出现不必要的失误)1,2,3,。
等。
例:2007年3月20日Mar.20,2007怎样用英语表达年、月、日一、年份在英语中,年份一般用阿拉伯数字写出,其读。
写方法有以下几种:1、四位数的年份,一般前两个数为一个单位,后两个数为一个单位,依次按基数词读出。
如:1763年写作:1763读作:seventeen sixty-three或seventeen hundred and sixty-three 2006年写作:2006。
读作:two thousand and six2063年写作:2063。
读作:twenty sixtythree或twenty hundred and sixty-three1050年写作:1050。
读作:ten fifty或ten hundred and fifty2、三位数的年份,可以按基数词读出,或者第一个数字为一个单位,后两个数字为一个单位,按基数词读出。
如:385年写作:385。
读作:three hundred and eighty-five或three eighty-five509年写作:509。
读作:five hundred and nine或five O nine3、两位数的年份,直接按基数词读出。
资料-英语缩写大全
英语缩写大全缩写英文中文aa ALWAYS AFLOAT 保持漂浮,永远漂浮ACCT ACCOUNT 帐目,帐户ACPT ACCEPTANCE 接受ADCOM ADDRESS COMMISSION 订舱佣金,租船佣金M ADDRESS COMMISSION 订舱佣金,租船佣金ADFT AFT DRAFT 艉吃水ADV. ADVISE OR ADVANCE 通知或提前A.F. ADVANCED FREIGHT 预付运费A.F.B. AIR FRIGHT BILL 空运运单AGRD AGREED 同意AGRT AGREEMENT 协议AGW ALL GOING WELL (取决于)一切顺利A.H. AFTER HATCH 后舱AIR DRAFT LENGTH BETWEEN WATER LEVEL AND VESSEL'S RAIL水平面至船弦的高度AM ANTE MERIDIEM=BEFORE NOON 上午AMT AMOUNT 金额,数额A.N. ARRIVAL NOTICE 到达通知A/R ALL RISKS 一切险ASAP AS SOON AS POSSIBLE 尽快,尽速ASF AS FOLLOWS 如下ATTN ATTENTION 由...收阅A.V. AD VALOREM ACCORDING TO VALUE 运价标记,根据商品的价值(计算运费),从价费率a.a.r. against all risks 一切险AC account current 一切险A/C for account of 费用由...负担acc. acceptance;accepted 已接受acc.cop. according to the custom of the port 按照...港口惯例a.c.v. actual cash value 实际现金价值a.d. a/d after date ...日期以后Add-on .tariff(also proportional rate or arbitrary in US)费率标记(在美国也指按比例或仲裁决定)ad val.(a/v) ad valorem (according to value) 从价费率(按离岸价格)ADP automated data processing 自动数据处理ADR European Agreement concerning the international carriage ofdangerous goods by roadAETR European Agreement concerning the work of crewsof vehiclesengaged in international road transportAFRA average freight rate assessment 运费费率平均运价Agcy agency 代理公司,代理行Agt. agent 代理人a.g.w.t. actual gross weight 实际毛重,实际总重量AMT Air Mail Transfer 航空邮寄A.O. account of ...的帐上A/or and/or 和/或A/P account paid 已付帐款approx. approximately 大约arr. arrival 到达,抵达arrd. arrived 到达,抵达a/s after sight 见票后...A/S alongside 靠码头,并靠他船asap as soon as possible 尽快,尽速ass. associate 准会员,公司ATA actual time arrival 实际到达时间ATD actual time of departure 实际出发时间ATP Agreement for the International Carriage of Perish ableFoodstuffsAtty attorney 律师(美),代理人auth. authorized 授权的,认可的aux. auxiliary 辅助的,辅助设备AWB Air Waybill 空运单BA BALE CAPACITY 包装容积BAL BALANCE 平衡BALTIME UNIFORM TIME CHARTER 统一定期租船合同,巴尔的摩期租合同BDL BUNDLE 捆BEAM BREADTH OF THE VESSEL (船舶)型宽BENDS BOTH ENDS 装卸港BIMCO BALTIC INTERNATIONAL MARITIME CONFERENCE 波罗的海国际航运公会BIZ BUSINESS 业务B/L BILL OF LADING 提单BL BALE 包(装)BLADING BILL OF LADING 提单BLFT BALE FEET 包装尺码(容积)BLK BULK 散装BLKR BULKER 散装船BREAKDOWN AN ITEMIZED ACOUNT OF...'ITEM BYITEM 细目分类B.RGDS BEST REGARDS 致敬,致意BS/L BILLS OF LADING 提单(复)B.T. BERTH TERMS 班轮条款B.A.C. bunker adjustment charge 燃油附加费B.A.F. bunker adjustment factor 燃油附加费系数Bags/Bulk part in bags,part in bulk 货物部分袋装,部分散装B.C. bulk cargo 散装货B/D bank(er's) draft 银行汇票b.d.i. both dates (days) inclusive 包括始末两天bdth breadth 宽度,型宽Bdy boundary 边境,界线B/G bonded goods 保税货物Bk. bank 银行Bkge brokerage 佣金,经纪费brl. barrel 桶,分英制美制两种B.W. bonded warehouse 保税仓库bxs. boxes 合,箱CABLEADD CABLE ADDRESS 电报挂号CC CARBON COPY 抄送C.F. CUBIC FEET 立方英尺C&F COST AND FREIGHT 货价加运费CFS CONTAINER FREIGHT STATION 集装箱货运站CIC CHINA INSURANCE CLAUSE 中国保险条款CIF COST,INSURANCE AND FRIEHGT 到岸价格(货价,保险费,加运费价)CIF & C COST,INSURANCE,FREIGHT ANDCOMMISSION到岸价格加佣金CL.B/L CLEAN BILL OF LADING 清洁提单CO. COMPANY 公司C/O (IN) CARE OF 由...转交COA CONTRACT OF AFFREIGHTMENT 包运合同COMM. COMMISSION 佣金CONBILL CONFERENCE BILL OF LADING 公会提单CONGENBILL CONFERENCE GENERAL CARGO BILLOF LADING 公会杂货提单CO-OP CO-OPERATION 合作CORP. CORPORATION 公司COSCO CHINA OCEAN SHIPPING COMPANY 中国远洋运输总公司C/P CHARTER PARTY 租船合同CQD CUSTOMARY QUICK DESPATCH 按港口惯常速度快速装卸CUB CUBIC 立方CUFT CUBIC FEET 立方英尺CUM CUBIC METER 立方米CY CONTAINER YAND 集装箱堆场CAC currency adjustment charge 货币贬值附加费CAConf Cargo Agency Conference(IATA) 货运代理公会( ) C.A.F. currency adjustment factor 货币贬值附加费系数C.A.S. currency adjustment surcharge 货币贬值附加费CASS Cargo Accounts Settlement System(IATA) 货运费用结算系统C.B. container base 集装箱底c.&d. collection and delivery 运费收讫,货物交毕c.b.d. cash before delivery 交货前付现cbm cubic meter 立方米cc charges collect 收取运费CCL customs clearance 清关CCS consolidated cargo(container) service 集中托运业务C/D customs declaration 报关单CEM European Conference on goods train timetables 欧洲货运列车时刻表会议CFR Cost and freight (Incoterms) 成本加运费价C.H. carriers haulage 承运业C.H.C. cargo handling charges 货物装卸费Ch.fwd charges forward 运费到付c.i.a. cash in advance 交货前付现款c.i.f.& e. cost,insurance,freight and exchange成本,保险费,运费,加汇费价格c.i.f.i.& e. cost,insurance,freight,interest and exchange 成本,保险费,运费,利息,加汇费价格c.i.f.& i. cost,insurance,freight and interest成本,保险费,运费,加利息价格c.i.f.c.& i. cost,insurance,freight,commission and interest 成本,保险费,运费,佣金,加利息价格c.i.f.c.& e. cost,insurance,freight,commission and exchange 成本,保险费,运费,佣金,加汇费价格c.i.f.i.c. cost,insurance,freight,interest and commission 成本,保险费,运费,利息,加佣金价格c.i.f.L.t. cost,insurance,freight,London terms 伦敦条款到岸价格c.i.f.w. cost,insurance,freight/war 到岸价加战争险CIM International Convention concerning the carriage of Goods byRailwayCIP Carriage and insurance paid to (Incoterms)运费和保险费付至...(指定目的地)CIV International Convention on the Carriage of Passenger andLuggage by RailwayCKD completely knocked down (unassembled) 完全分解的cm centimetre(s) 厘米cm3 cubic centimetre(s) 立方厘米CMR Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage ofGoods by RoadC/N consignment note 发货通知书cnee consignee 收货人cnmt/consgt. consignment 发运cnor consignor 发货人C/O certificate of origin 原产地证明C.O.D. cash on delivery 货到付款C.O.F.C. Container-on-Flat-Car(rail flatcar) (铁路)装运集装箱的平板车COMBITERMS Delivery terms for int'l groupage traffic国际成组运输交货条款(货运代理人之间)COP customs of port 港口惯例C.O.S. cash on shipment 装船付船COTIF Convention concerning Int'l Carriage by Rail(CIM-CIV)国际铁路运输公约C.P. Customs of Port 港口惯例CP carriage paid 运费已付C/P blading charter party bill of lading 租船提单CPLTC Conference Port Liner Term Charges 港口班轮装卸条款公会CPT Carriage paid to (Incoterms) 运费付至(...指定目的地)CSC Container service charge 集装箱运输费用CSC Int'l Convention of the Safe Transport of Containers 国际集装箱安全公约CSConf Cargo Service Conference(IATA) 货运业公会CST Container Service Tariff 集装箱运输费率C/T Container Terminal 集装箱码头C.T. conference terms 公会条款CT combined transport 联合运输CTD combined transport document 联合运输单证CTO combined transport operator 多式联运经营人CTPC Cargo Traffic Procedures Committee(IATA)cu.ft. cubic foot(feet) 立方英尺cu.in. cubic inch(es) 立方英寸CVGK customs value per gross kilogram (毛重)每公斤海关价值CVGP customs value per gross pound (毛重)每磅海关价值CWE cleared without examination 未经查验过关的cwt hundredweight 担,(英制)等于112磅,(美制)等于100磅CWO CASH WITH ORDER 订货时预付款cy currency 货币D DIESEL OIL 柴油D300 DIESEL OIL 300 TONS 柴油300吨D/A DOCUMENT AGAINST ACCEPTANCE 承兑交单DEM DEMURRAGE 滞期费DEP DEPARTURE (船舶)离港DEPT DEPARTURE 离港,处部DESP DESPATCH MONEY 速遣费DESPONENT OWNER SECOND OWNER OF THE SAME VESSEL 二船东D.F DEAD FREIGHT 空舱费DFT DRAFT 吃水DHD DEMURRAGE AND HALF DESPATCH 滞期费,速遣费为滞期费的一半DHDWTS DESPATCH HALF DEMURRAGE AND FOR WORKING TIME SAVED速遣费按滞期费的一半,并按节省的工作时间计算D/O DELIVERY ORDER 提货单D/P DOCUMENT AGAINST PAYMENT 付款交单D.T.A. DEFINITE TIME OF ARRIVAL 确报,船舶确切到港时间DWC DEADWEIGHT CAPACITY 受载量DWCT DEADWEIGHT CARGO TONNAGE 载重吨,受载量DWT DEADWEIGHT TONNAGE 载重吨DWTC DEADWEIGHT TONNAGE OF CARGO 货物载重吨DAF Delivery at frontier(Incoterms) 边境交货(...指定地)D.A.S. delivered alongside ship 船边交货Dbk drawback 退(关)税DCAS Distribution Cost Analysis System 分拨费用分析系统DDP Delivered duty paid(Incoterms) 完税后交货DES Delivered ex ship(Incoterms) 目的地船上交货(...指定目的港)DEQ Delivered ex quay(duty paid)(Incoterms) 目的港码头交货(关税已付)DDU Delivered duty unpaid(Incoterms) 未完税交货dia diameter 直径dir. direct 直接dm3 cubic decimetre(s) 立方分米DOCIMEL Electronic Cim Document 电子单证DWCC dead weight cargo capacity 载重量DWT dead weight ton 载重吨E.G. EXAMPLE GRATIA=FOR EXAMPLE 例如EIU EVEN IF USED 即使使用(也不算)E/M EXPORT MANIFEST 出口载货清单,出口舱单ENCL ENCLOSURE OR ENCLOSED 附件或所附的E.& O.E. ERRORS AND OMMISIONS EXCEPTED有错当查(错误和遗漏不在此限)ETA ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVAL (船舶)预计抵港时间ETAD EXPECTED TIME OF ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE (船舶)预计到达和离开时间ETB EXPECTED TIME OF BERTHING (船舶)预计靠泊时间ETC EXPECTED TIME OF COMMENCEMENT 预计开始时间ETCD ESTIMATED TIME OF COMMENCING DISCHARGING (船舶)预计开始卸货时间ETD ESTIMATED TIME OF DEPARTURE (船舶)预计离港时间ETL ESTIMATED TIME OF LOADING (船舶)预计开装时间ETS ESTIMATED TIME OF SAILING (船舶)预计开航时间EXP EXPORT 出口EXPS EXPENSES (费用)支出ECE International Convention for the Harmonization of FrontiersControls of GoodsECU European currency unit 欧洲货币单位EDI electronic data interchange 电子数据交换EDIFACT Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerceand TransportEDP electronic data processing 电子数据处理e.g. for example 例如EIR equipment interchange receipt(containers) 设备交接单(集装箱)excl. excluding 不包括,除...外EXW Ex works(Incoterms) 工厂交货(...指定地)F FUEL OIL 燃油F300 FUEL OIL 300 TONS 燃油300吨FAS FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP 船边交货FCL FULL CONTAINER LOAD (集装箱)整箱货FDFT FORE DRAFT 艏吃水FEU FOURTY EQUIVALENT UNIT 40'标准集装箱FI FREE IN (船方)不负担装货费用FILO FREE IN AND LINER OUT (船方)不负担装货费用,但负担卸货费用F.I.L.S.D. FREE IN LASHED,SECURED ANDDUNNAGED(船方)不负担装货,捆扎,加固,隔垫(料)等费用FIO FREE IN AND OUT (船方)不负担装,卸费用FIOST FREE IN AND OUT,STOWED AND TRIMMED (船方)不管装,不管卸,不管积载和平仓FLT FULL LINER TERMS 全班轮条款F/M EXPORT FREIGHT MANIFEST 出口载货运费清单,运费舱单FM FROM 从...,来自...FOB FREE ON BOARD 离岸价格(船上交货0FPA FREE FROM PARTICULAR AVERAGE 平安险FRT FREIGHT 运费FT FOOT OR FEET 英尺FWD FORWARD 前部FWDFT FRESH WATER DRAFT 淡水吃水FRG FOR YOUR GUIDANCE 供你参考,供你掌握情况F.A.A. free of all average 一切海损不赔险f.a.c. fast as can (loading or discharge) 尽快(装卸)F.A.C. forwarding agent's commission 货运代理人佣金FAK freight all kinds (不分品种)同一费率FALPRO Special Programme on TradeFacilitation(UNCTAD)简化贸易手续特别计划F.and D. freight and demurrage 运费和滞期费f.a.q. fair average quality 中等质量货物FAS Free alongside ship(Incoterms) 船边交货(...指定装运港)FBL FIATA Multimodal Transport Bill of Lading(FIATA Document) FIATA多式联运提单FCA Free carrier(Incoterms) 货交承运人FCR Forwarders Certificate of Receipt (FIATA Document)货运代理人收讫货物证明FCSR & CC free of capture,seizure,riots and civil commotions 掳获,捕捉,暴动和内乱不赔险FCT Forwarders Certificate of Transport(FIATA) 货运代理人运送证明FFI FIATA Forwarding Instructions(FIATA form) 国际货运代理协会联合会代运说明f.g.a. free of general average 共同海损不赔险FHEX Friday and holidays excepted 节假日除外f.i.a.s. free in and stowed 船方不负担装货费和理舱费f.i.o.s. free in and out stowed 船方不负担装卸费和理舱费F.I.B. free into barge 驳船上交货f.i.c. freight,insurance,carriagef.i.h. free in harbour 港内交货firavv first available 最有效的FIS freight,insurance and shipping chargesf.i.w. free into waggon 船方不负担装入货车费FLT forklift truck 叉车F.O.C. flag of convenience 方便国旗F.O.D. free of damage 损坏不赔f.o.w. first open water 第一解冻日(保)F.P.A. free of particular average 单独海损不赔FPAD freight payable at destination 目的地付运费FR flat rack(container)Frt.fwd. freight forward 到付运费ft.ppd. freight prepaid 运费预付frt.ton freight ton 运费吨FWC full loaded weight & capacity(container)满载重量和容积fwdr. forwarder 货运代理人FWR FIATA Warehouse Receipt(FIATA Document) FIATA仓储收据GA GENERAL AVERAGE 共同海损GENCON UNIFORM GENERAL CHARTER 统一杂货(程)租船标准合同,"金康"程租合同GMT GREENWICH MEAN TIME 格林威治标准时间GR GRAIN CAPACITY OR GROSS (船舶)散装容积或毛(重)GRD GEARED 带吊杆的GRT GROSS REGISTER TONNAGE 总登记吨GSP GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCE 普惠制GW GROSS WEIGHT 毛重G.A. general average 共同海损(保)G.A.A. General Average Agreement(bond) 共同海损协议(合同)G.A.C. general average contribution 共同海损分摊额(保)G.B.L. Government Bill of Lading 政府海运提单G.C. general cargo 杂货G.C.R. general cargo rates 杂货费率GDP gross domestic product 国内生产总值GFA general freight agent 货运总代理GNP gross national product 国民生产总值GSA General Sales Agent 销售总代理HA HATCH 舱口HA DIM HATCH DIMENSION 仓口尺寸HATUTC HALF TIME USED TO COUNT (AS LAYTIME) 实际所使用时间的一半应计算(为作业时间)HD HEAVY DIESEL 重柴油HO HOLD 货仓HRS HOURS 小时HAWB House Air Waybill 货运代理运单,分运单hdlg handling 处理,手续HERMES Handling European Raiway MessageExchange-System欧洲铁路运输信息交换系统hgt height 高度h/lift heavy lift 重件货H.Q. headquarters 总部h.p. horse power 马力ICC INSTITUTE CARGO CLAUSES,LONDON 伦敦协会货物条款(保险)I.E. ID EST=THAT IS 即是...,那就是...IMP. IMPORT 进口INC. INCLUDING 包括INST INSTANT 本月的INT INTENTION 意下,企图IOP IRRESPECTIVE OF PERCENTAGE 不管百分比IU IF USED 如果使用i.a.w. in accordance with 按照IMDG International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code 国际海运危险品编码in. inch(s) 英寸incl. including 包括INCOTERMS Standard condition for sale and delivery ofgoods国际贸易术语解释通则INMARSAT International Convention on the International MaritimeSatellite OrganizationINTRM intermediate point 中转点inv. invoice 发票I.P.A. including particular average 包括单独海损(保)i.o.u. I owe you 借据,欠条LADEN DRAFT THE DRAFT WHEN VESSEL IS LADEN(船舶)满载吃水LBP LENGTH BETWEEN PERPENDICULARS (船舶)垂线间高L/C LETTER OF CREDIT 信用证LCL LESS THAN CONTAINER LOAD (集装箱)拼箱货LD LIGHT DIESEL 轻柴油LDT LRNGTH DEADWEIGHT 轻载重吨L/G LETTER OF GUARANTEE 保证书,保证信LH LOWER HOLD 底舱L/L LOADING LIST 装货清单LOA LENGTH OVER ALL 船舶全长LOADREADY READY FOR LOADING,READY TO LOAD 已备妥,可装货L.T. LOCAL TIME 当地时间L/T LONG TON 长吨LT LINER TERMS 班轮条款LTD LIMITED 有限(公司)L/A Lloyd's agent 劳埃德保险公司代理人,劳埃德船级社代理人LASH lighter aboard ship 子母船Lat.,lat. latitude 纬度lb(s) pound(s) 磅LDG leading 导航的,主要的l.& d. loss and damage 损失与残损l.& u. loading and unloading 装卸leg. legal 法律上的,合法的LEL lower explosive limit 最低爆炸极限LFL lower flammable limit 最低燃烧极限lgt. long ton;long tons 长吨liq. liquid 液体(的)Lkg/Bkg leakage & breakage 漏损与破损LNG Liquefied natural gas 液化天然气L.O.A. lenghth over all 全长LO/LO lift on,lift off 吊上吊下,吊装load loading 装货loc. local;location 当地;位置Long.,long longitude 经度LPG Liquefied petrochemical gas 液化石油气LSD loading,storage and delivery charges 装船,仓储和交货费用LT letter telegram 书信电报L/T liner terms 班轮条款LTA lighter than air system(airships)ltge lighterage 驳运费ltr. lighter 驳船lump lump sum 包干金额,总数M. MEASUREMENT 按货物的体积计算运价MAX MAXIMUM,THE MOST 最大(多)MDM MADAME 夫人,女士MIN MINIMUM,THE LEAST 最小(少)MME MADAME 夫人,女士MOLOO MORE OR LESS AT OWNER'S OPTION 溢短装由船东选择MOLSO MORE OR LESS AT SELLER'S OPTION 溢短装由卖方选择MR. MISTER 先生M/R,M.R. MATE'S RECEIPT 大副收据MRS MISTRESS 夫人M.S. MOTOR SHIP 内燃机船MS MISS,MISTRESS 小姐,夫人,女士M/T,MT METRIC TON OR MOTOR TANKER 公吨或内燃机油轮MTON MEASUREMENT TON 尺码吨MV MOTOR VESSEL 内燃机船M minimum(rate classification) 最低(运费)m metre(s) 米m3 cubic metre(s) 立方米MACH modular automated container handling MFN Most Favoured Nation 最惠国M.H. Merchants Haulage 商船运输M/R mate's receipt 大付收据M+R maintenance and repair(centre) 维护修理MAWB Master Air Waybill 总运单(空)Mdse merchandise 商品msbl missing bill of lading 丢失提单msca missing cargo 灭失货物MT motor tanker 内燃机油轮MTD multimodal transport document 多式联运单证MTO multimodal transport operator 多式联运经营人M/S Motor ship 内燃机船M/V Motor Vessel 内燃机船N/M NO MARK 无麦头NOR NOTICE OF READINESS 装卸准备就绪通知书N/R NOTICE OF READINESS 装卸准备就绪通知书NR NUMBER 数字,号码NRT NET REGISTER TONNAGE 净登记吨NT.WT. NET WEIGHT 净重NVOCC NON-VESSEL OPERATIONS COMMONCARRIER 无船公共承运人N normal(rate classification) 普通货(运价)NAABSA not always afloat but safely aground 不经常漂浮但安全坐浅NAOCC Non Aircraft Operating Common Carrier 无航空器公共承运人NAWB Neutral Air Waybill(forwarders Air Waybill) 货运代理人空运分运单n.c.v. non customs (commercial) value 无商业价值n.e.s. not elsewhere specified 不另说明n.f.o. not free out 不管卸货NGO non governmental organization 非官方组织n.l.t. not later than 不迟于,不晚于n/n non-negotiable 不可转让的N.,No.,Nr. number 编号N/O no order 无定单n.o.e. not otherwise enumerated 不另编号n.o.p. not otherwise provided 未另列出N.O.R. not otherwise rated 未列名N.O.S. not otherwise specified 未列名Nt. net weight 净重n.v.d. no value declared 未声明价值NVOCC Non Vessel Operating Common Carrier 无船公共承运人OCP OVERLAND COMMON POINTS 内陆共同点OBO Ore Bulk Oil(carrier) 矿石,散货和石油多用途船O.B.S. Oil Bunker Surcharge 燃油附加费Oc.B/L Ocean Bill of Lading 海运提单O/D on deck 甲板上ODS operating differential subsidy 经营差别补贴OFA ocean freight agreement 海运运费协议O.R. owner's risk 船舶所有人或货主承担风险O.R.B. owner's risk of breakage 破损风险由货主承担O.R.D. owner's risk of damage 损失风险由货主承担O.R.F. owner's risk of fire 火灾风险由货主承担OT open top(container) 开顶式集装箱o.t.o.r. on truck or railway 经公路或铁路PA PARTICULAR AVERAGE单独海损PCT PERCENT 百分比PDPR PER DAY OR PRORATA 按天计算,不足一天者按比例计算PENAVICO CHINA OCEAN SHIPPING AGENCY 中国外轮代理总公司P & I CLUB PROTECTION AND INDEMNITY CLUB船东保赔协会PKG PACKAGE 包装PM POST MERIDIEM=AFTERNOON 下午PRO RATA IN PROPORTION 按比例(计算)PROX PROXIMO,NEXT MONTH 下个月PWWD PER WEATHER WORKING DAY 每晴天工作日p.a. per annum(per year) 每年P.A. particular average 单独海损Para paragraph 文章的段或节P.B.A. paid by agent 由代理支付P & D pick up and deliveryP.& I. Protection and Indemnity Association船东报赔协会P.& I.clause Protection and Indemnity clause保护和赔偿条款P.& I.Club Protection and Indemnity Club船东保赔协会P.& L. profit and loss 收益和损失payt. payment 支付,赔偿P/C Paramount Clause 最重要条款p.c.f. pounds per cubic foot 每立方英尺...镑P.chgs particular charges 特别费用(保) pd. paid 已付款p.d. partial delivery 部分交付p.h.d. per hatch per day 每天每舱口(租船)pkge package 包装P.L. partial loss 部分损失(保)PLP parcel post 包裹邮寄PLTC port liner term chargespmt prompt 即时的P/N promissory note 期票;本票P.O.B. post office box 邮政信箱P.O.D. payment on delivery;paid on delivery 交货时付讫POD port of discharge 卸港。
国际常用英语缩写大全及翻译
国际常用英语缩写大全及翻译
引言
国际常用英语缩写在日常生活和工作中应用广泛,能够节省时间和空间,提高工作效率。
本文总结了一些常见的国际英语缩写及其对应的翻译,希望能够帮助读者更好地理解和应用这些缩写。
常见英语缩写及翻译
1.etc. - et cetera - 等等
2.i.e. - id est - 也就是
3. e.g. - exempli gratia - 例如
4.Mr. - Mister - 先生
5.Mrs. - Mistress - 夫人
6.Dr. - Doctor - 博士、医生
7.Inc. - Incorporated - 公司有限
8.Ltd. - Limited - 有限公司
9.CEO - Chief Executive Officer - 首席执行官
10.CFO - Chief Financial Officer - 首席财务官
A - United States of America - 美利坚合众国
- United Kingdom - 英国
13.UN - United Nations - 联合国
14.EU - European Union - 欧盟
15.A.D. - Anno Domini - 公元
总结
以上是部分国际常用英语缩写及其对应的翻译,读者在使用这些缩写时应当注意上下文,以免造成歧义。
熟练掌握这些
缩写可以帮助我们更高效地交流和表达,提高工作效率。
希望本文对读者有所帮助。
以上是国际常用英语缩写大全及翻译,希望对你有所帮助。
常用英语缩写词重点讲义资料
1. AAA :1)American Accounting Association 美国会计协会2)American Advertising Association 美国广告协会3)American Arbitration Association 美国商务仲裁协会2. AAL:American Airlines 美国航空公司3. A.B.C.C.:Association of British Chambers of Commerce 英国商会联合会4. ABS:American Bureau of Shipping 美国船运局5. AC:Air Canada 加拿大航空公司6. ACC:American Chamber of Commerce 美国商会(又简称Amcham)7. A.E.A:American Economic Association 美国经济协会8. AF:Air France 法国航空公司9. AFEB:authorized foreign exchange bank 指定外汇银行10. AFRASEC:Afro-Asian Organization for Economic Cooperation 亚非经济合作组织11. AGM:annual general meeting(公司股东)年度大会12. AID:Agency for International Development(美国)国际开发署13. AMA:American Management Association 美国管理协会14. ASA:American Standards Association 美国标准协会15. Amex:American Stock Exchange 美国证券交易所16. ADB:Asian Development Bank 亚洲开发银行17. APEC: Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚太经济合作组织(2001年10月将在中国上海召开部长级会议和非正式首脑CEO是什么意思?CEO(Chief Executive Officer),即首席执行官,源自美国20世纪60年代进行公司治理结构改革创新时IT是什么意思?IT是指信息技术,即英文Information Technology 的缩写. bt是什么意思?BT是一种P2P共享软件,全名叫"BitTorrent",中文全称:"比特流"又名"变态下载diy是什么意思?DIY是每个电脑爱好者熟悉的新名词,是英文Do It Yourself 的首字母缩写,自己动手制作的意思,硬件爱好者也被俗称DIYer.oem是什么意思?OEM是英文Original Equipment Manufacturer的缩写,意思是原设备制造商。
各类英文缩写方式
各类英文缩写方式1. 个人资料或个人详情 Personal Data or Personal Details一、Name(姓名),英语的习惯写法是名在前,姓在后,如:Minglan Zhang; 也可以遵从汉语的习惯,按照姓在前名在后的顺序,如:Zhang Minglan.二、Address(通信地址),英语通信地址的写法与汉语迥然不同,汉语是从大到小,英语是从小到大,如:88 Gaodi Lane, Beijing Road, Guangzhou(广州市北京路高等街88号)。
三、Postal Code/ Zip code(邮政编号)。
四、Phone Number(电话号码)。
以上四项往往放于开头,单独列出。
五、Sex(性别):Male (男)或Female (女)倘若在姓名前面已经加上了Mr. (先生),Miss (小姐)、 Mrs. (太太)或到代替与,则不必填写此项。
如果招聘的职位没有限制性别,也可省略此项。
六、Date of Birth/ 12, 1958(美式英语)或12 March,1958(英式英语)。
七、Birthplace(出生地点):如:Zhuhai(珠海)。
(Optional)八、Nationality(国籍或民族):如:P. R. C.(中国),the Han(汉语),亦可用Citizenship :Chinese(中国)。
如有双重国籍则写:Duel Citizenship,如:Chinese and Canadian(中国和加拿大)。
倘若不是求职于海外,则不必填写国籍。
九、Height(身高):如:175cm(175公分)或1.75m(1米75)(Optional)十、Weight(体重):如:60kg(60公斤)(Optional)十一、Martial Status(婚姻状况):Married or Single or divorced(已婚、单身、离异)(Optional)十二、Number of Children(子女人数):如:one or none(1个或无)当然,未婚者可不填写此项。
英语字母缩写词大全
英语字母缩写词大全一、A1. AA: Automobile Association•AA is a British motoring association that provides road assistance services to its members.2. ASAP: As Soon As Possible•ASAP is commonly used in business and communication to request immediate action.二、B1. BBC: British Broadcasting Corporation•BBC is a well-known British public service broadcaster.2. BYOB: Bring Your Own Bottle•BYOB is often used on party invitations to indicate that guests should bring their own alcoholic beverages.三、C1. CEO: Chief Executive Officer•CEO is the highest-ranking executive in a company responsible for making major corporate decisions.2. CCTV: Closed-Circuit Television•CCTV is a type of video surveillance system often used for security purposes.四、D1. DIY: Do It Yourself•DIY refers to the practice of making or repairing things oneself instead of hiring someone else to do it.2. DVD: Digital Versatile Disc•DVD is a type of optical disc storage format used for videos and other digital data.五、E1. EOD: End Of Day•EOD is used in business to signify the end of the working day or a specific deadline.2. FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions•FAQ is a list of common questions and answers on a particular topic.……(文档内容继续发挥,满足1500字要求)注意:此文档为原创内容,旨在提供关于英语字母缩写词的综合介绍,帮助读者更好地了解各种缩写的含义和用法。
英语缩写形式大全100个
英语缩写形式大全100个电子科技类IT:信息技术(Information Technology)PC:个人电脑(Personal Computer)APP:应用程序(Application)CPU:中央处理器(Central Processing Unit)www:环球信息网/万维网(World Wide Web)WiFi:无线网络/无线保真技术(Wireless Fidelity)CD:光盘/激光唱片(Compact Disk)DJ:音乐节目主持人(Disc Jockey)TEL:电话机(Telephone)VCD:录像光盘(Video Compact Disk)DVD:数字录像光盘(Digital Video Disk)VCR:盒式磁带录像(Video Cassette Recorder)MV:音乐短片(Music Video)KTV:卡拉OK(Karaok TV)TV:电视(TeleVision)GPS:全球定位系统(Global Positioning System)ETC:不停车收费系统(Electronic Toll Collection)ABS:防锁死刹车系统(Antilock Brake System)SUV:运动型多用途轿车(Sport Utility Vehicle)BRT:快速公交系统(Bus Rapid Transit)LRT:轻轨公交系统(Light Rail Transit)ATM:自动取款机(Automatic Teller Machine)国家/地区及国际组织类PRC:中华人民共和国(The People s Republic of China)HK:香港(Hong Kong)JP:日本(Japan)KR:韩国(Korea)UK:英国(United Kingdom)US:美国(United States)USA:美国(United States of America)RUS:俄罗斯(Russia)SGP:新加坡(Singapore)EU:欧洲联盟/欧盟(European Union)UN:联合国(United Nations)WTO:世界贸易组织(World Trade Organization)WHO:世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)CIA:美国中央情报局(Central Intelligence Agency)FBI:美国联邦调查局(Federal Bureau of investigation)FDA:食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration)ICAC:廉政公署(Independent Commission Against Corruption)OPEC:石油输出国组织/欧佩克(Organization of PetroleumExporting Countries)图片机构/公司和协会类EMS:邮政特快专递(Express Mail Service)PLA:中国人民解放军(People s Liberation Army)CCTV:中国中央电视台(China Central Television)CBA:中国篮球协会(Chinese Basketball Association)NBA:美国篮球协会(National Basketball Association)BBC:英国广播公司(British Broad-casting Corporation)VOA:美国之音(Voice of America)IOC:国际奥委会(International Olympic Committee)ISBN:国际标准书号(International Standard Book Number)其他常见杂类缩写Ad:广告(Advertisement)Add:地址(Address)BBQ:烧烤(Barbecue)DIY:自己动手/自助服务(Do it Yourself)ET:外星人(Extra Terrestrial)ID:身份证(Identification Card)IQ:智商(Intelligence Quotient)EQ:情商(Emotional Quotient)PE:体育(Physical Education)No.:号码/编号(Number)KFC:肯德基(Kentucky Fried Chicken)DNA:遗传基因组织(Deoxyribonucleic Acid)GMT:格林威治时间或国际标准时间(Greenwich Mean Time)GDP:国内生产总值(Gross Domestic Product)OMG:我的上帝/我的天哪(Oh My God)SOS:求救信号(Save Our Soul)UFO:不明飞行物(Unknown Flying Object)VIP:重要人物/贵宾(Very Important Person)WC:厕所(Water Closet)Mr.:先生(Mister)Ms.:女士(Mrs. or Miss)Mrs.:夫人/太太(Mistress)AD:公元(Anno Domini)BC:公元前(Before Christ)AM:上午(Ante Meridiem)(before noon)PM:下午(Post Meridiem)(afternoon)CEO:首席执行官(Chief Executive Officer)CFO:首席财务官(Chief Finance Officer)COO:首席运营官(Chief Operating Officer)CTO:首席技术官(Chief Technology Officer)PhD:博士(Philosophy Doctor)MBA:工商管理硕士(Master of Business Administration)MPA:公共管理硕士(Master of Public Administration)中国人民银行:PBC(The People s Bank of China)中国建设银行:CCB(China Construction Bank)中国农业银行:ABC(Agriculture Bank of China)中国工商银行:ICBC(Industrial & Commercial Bank of China)中国银行:BOC(Bank of China)交通银行:BCM(Bank of Communications)招商银行:CMB(China Merchants Bank)星期/月份缩写星期一:Mon.(Monday)星期二:Tues.(Tuesday)星期三:Wed.(Wednesday)星期四:Thur.(Thursday)星期五:Fri.(Friday)星期六:Sat.(Saturday)星期天:Sun.(Sunday)一月:Jan.(January)二月:Feb.(February)三月:Mar.(March)四月:Apr.(April)五月:无简写(May)六月:Jun.(June)七月:Jul.(July)八月:Aug.(August)九月:Sep.(September)十月:Oct.(October)十一月:Nov.(November)十二月:Dec.(December)计量单位缩写克G(Gram)公斤KG(Kilogram)公吨MT(Metric Ton)米M(Metre)厘米CM(Centimetre)毫米MM(Milimetre)公里KM(Kilometre)码Yd.(Yard)英尺Ft.(Foot)英寸In.(Inch)升L(Litre)毫升ML(Millilitre)加仑Gal(Gallon)千瓦KW(Kilowatt)马力HP(Horse Power)平方米Sq.m(Square metre)立方米Cu.m(Cubic metre)小时Hr.(Hour); 分Min.(Minute); 秒Sec.(Second)。
英语常用缩写词汇
英语常用缩写词汇在日常生活和工作中,我们经常会遇到各种各样的缩写词汇,这些缩写词汇不仅可以简化表达的长度,还可以提高工作效率。
本文将介绍一些常见的英语缩写词汇,帮助大家更好地理解和运用这些缩写词汇。
一、常见的政府和行政缩写 - 美国(United States) - 英国(United Kingdom)3.UN - 联合国(United Nations)4.EU - 欧盟(European Union)5.WHO- 世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)6.NASA - 美国国家航空航天局(National Aeronauticsand Space Administration)7.FBI- 联邦调查局(Federal Bureau of Investigation)8.CIA - 中央情报局(Central Intelligence Agency)二、常见的商业和金融缩写1.CEO - 首席执行官(Chief Executive Officer)2.CFO - 首席财务官(Chief Financial Officer)3.CTO - 首席技术官(Chief Technology Officer)4.NYSE - 纽约证券交易所(New York Stock Exchange)5.NASDAQ - 纳斯达克证券交易所(NationalAssociation of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations)6.GDP - 国内生产总值(Gross Domestic Product)7.ROI - 投资回报率(Return on Investment)8.ETF - 交易所交易基金(Exchange-Traded Fund)三、常见的科技和互联网缩写1.HTML - 超文本标记语言(HyperText MarkupLanguage)2.CSS - 层叠样式表(Cascading Style Sheets)3.API - 应用程序接口(Application ProgrammingInterface)4.URL- 统一资源定位符(Uniform Resource Locator)5.IoT - 物联网(Internet of Things)6.AI - 人工智能(Artificial Intelligence)7.VR - 虚拟现实(Virtual Reality)8.AR - 增强现实(Augmented Reality)四、常见的医学和健康缩写1.AIDS - 艾滋病(Acquired Immune DeficiencySyndrome)2.MRI - 磁共振成像(Magnetic Resonance Imaging)3.DNA - 脱氧核糖核酸(Deoxyribonucleic Acid)4.HIV - 人类免疫缺陷病毒(HumanImmunodeficiency Virus)5.FDA - 美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and DrugAdministration)6.CDC - 疾病控制和预防中心(Centers for DiseaseControl and Prevention)7.BP - 血压(Blood Pressure)8.BMI - 身体质量指数(Body Mass Index)结语以上是一些常见的英语缩写词汇,这些缩写词汇在不同领域和场景中发挥着重要的作用。
各类英文缩写方式
各类英文缩写方式1. 个人资料或个人详情 Personal Data or Personal Details一、Name(姓名),英语的习惯写法是名在前,姓在后,如:Minglan Zhang; 也可以遵从汉语的习惯,按照姓在前名在后的顺序,如:Zhang Minglan.二、Address(通信地址),英语通信地址的写法与汉语迥然不同,汉语是从大到小,英语是从小到大,如:88 Gaodi Lane, Beijing Road, Guangzhou(广州市北京路高等街88号)。
三、Postal Code/ Zip code(邮政编号)。
四、Phone Number(电话号码)。
以上四项往往放于开头,单独列出。
五、Sex(性别):Male (男)或Female (女)倘若在姓名前面已经加上了Mr. (先生),Miss (小姐)、 Mrs. (太太)或到代替与,则不必填写此项。
如果招聘的职位没有限制性别,也可省略此项。
六、Date of Birth/ D.O.B.(出生日期):March 12, 1958(美式英语)或12 March,1958(英式英语)。
七、Birthplace(出生地点):如:Zhuhai(珠海)。
(Optional)八、Nationality(国籍或民族):如:P. R. C.(中国),the Han(汉语),亦可用Citizenship :Chinese(中国)。
如有双重国籍则写:Duel Citizenship,如:Chinese and Canadian(中国和加拿大)。
倘若不是求职于海外,则不必填写国籍。
九、Height(身高):如:175cm(175公分)或1.75m(1米75)(Optional)十、Weight(体重):如:60kg(60公斤)(Optional)十一、Martial Status(婚姻状况):Married or Single or divorced(已婚、单身、离异)(Optional)十二、Number of Children(子女人数):如:one or none(1个或无)当然,未婚者可不填写此项。
英语缩写
Oncle Hugo
[新闻/报道]
翻译达人英语聊天时常用的单词缩写(2010-10-04 15:29:19)转载标签: 聊天口语文化 分类: 英语学习
Sun = Sunday
Mon = Monday
Tue = Tuesday
Wed = Wednesday
Thu = Thursday
you rock 你牛比
9t = night
w8 = wait
gr8 = great
l8r = later
3q = thank you
e.g. = for example
thx = thanks
g2g = got to go
9494 = 就是就是
TTYL = talk to you later
3,lame=滥;衰 (例句:dude,thats the lamest thing ive ever heard.哥们,这是我听过的最sb的事情。)
4,dude=d00d=(原意:花花公子)哥们,朋友
5,pffffff=whatever=随便;爱咋咋地; ("f"的多少和"pffffffff"的长短代表你的感情激烈程度)
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
PEM Privacy enhanced mail 保密邮件
RSVP Reply if you please 请答复
TIA Thanks in advance 十分感谢
TTUL Talk to you later 以后再讲
TY Thank you 谢谢
VG very good 很好
IOWAN2BWU = I only want to be with you
常用英语缩写字母的含义是
常用英语缩写字母的含义是在日常生活和工作中,我们常常会遇到各种英语缩写字母,有些我们可能已经熟悉并能够正确理解其含义,但也有一些可能会让我们感到困惑。
本文将介绍一些常用的英语缩写字母及其含义,让我们更好地了解它们在不同情境下的应用。
AAC: Alternating Current(交流电)AD: Anno Domini(公元)AM: Ante Meridiem(上午)BBBC: British Broadcasting Corporation(英国广播公司)BC: Before Christ(公元前)CCEO: Chief Executive Officer(首席执行官)CIA: Central Intelligence Agency(中央情报局)CFO: Chief Financial Officer(首席财务官)DDNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid(脱氧核糖核酸)EEtc: Et cetera(等等)FFBI: Federal Bureau of Investigation(联邦调查局)GGPS: Global Positioning System(全球定位系统)HTML: HyperText Markup Language(超文本标记语言)HHR: Human Resources(人力资源)IIQ: Intelligence Quotient(智商)JJPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group(联合图像专家组)KKg: Kilogram(千克)LLCD: Liquid Crystal Display(液晶显示屏)LED: Light-Emitting Diode(发光二极管)MMBA: Master of Business Administration(工商管理硕士)MP3: MPEG Audio Layer III(MPEG-3音频层)NNASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration(美国国家航空航天局)NBA: National Basketball Association(美国国家篮球协会)OOPEC: Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (石油输出国组织)PPDF: Portable Document Format(便携式文档格式)PhD: Doctor of Philosophy(哲学博士)QQ&A: Questions and Answers(问答)RRAM: Random Access Memory(随机存取存储器)SSAT: Scholastic Assessment Test(学术能力评估测试)TTBA: To Be Announced(待定)TV: Television(电视)UUN: United Nations(联合国)VVPN: Virtual Private Network(虚拟专用网络)WWiFi: Wireless Fidelity(无线保真)YYMCA: Young Men’s Christian Association(基督教青年会)以上是一些常用英语缩写字母及其含义,希望本文能帮助大家更好地理解和运用这些缩写字母。
搜集行业资料英文缩写
搜集行业资料英文缩写搜集行业资料的过程中,我们经常会遇到各种各样的英文缩写。
这些缩写减少了文本的长度,方便传递信息。
然而,对于许多人来说,这些缩写可能会很难理解。
在本文中,我将介绍一些常见的行业资料英文缩写,并解释它们的含义。
这样,读者在搜集行业资料时就能够更加轻松地理解和应用这些缩写。
1. IT(Information Technology) - 信息技术信息技术是指以计算机和通信技术为基础,处理、存储、传输和利用信息的技术。
IT是一个非常常见的行业缩写,它涉及到计算机科学、软件开发、网络管理等各个方面。
2. HR(Human Resources) - 人力资源人力资源是一个组织中负责员工招聘、培训、绩效管理、员工关系等方面的部门。
HR也是一个常见的缩写,它在各个行业中都有重要的作用。
3. CRM(Customer Relationship Management) - 客户关系管理客户关系管理是指通过有效地管理客户信息和与客户互动,提高客户满意度和忠诚度的管理方式。
CRM是一个广泛应用于销售和市场营销领域的术语。
4. ROI(Return on Investment) - 投资回报率投资回报率是指投资所带来的经济利益与投资成本之间的比例关系。
ROI是一个重要的指标,用于评估投资项目的盈利能力。
5. KPI(Key Performance Indicator) - 关键绩效指标关键绩效指标是用于衡量组织、团队或个人在实现目标和任务方面的绩效的指标。
KPI通常与组织的战略目标和价值观保持一致。
6. CEO(Chief Executive Officer) - 首席执行官首席执行官是一个公司的最高级别管理者,他负责制定公司的战略方向,领导管理团队,确保公司的日常运营。
7. SOP(Standard Operating Procedure) - 标准操作程序标准操作程序是一套明确规定了各项操作细节、方法和标准的文件。
常用英文缩写大全-资料类
常用英文缩写大全-资料类关键信息项:1、英文缩写的分类:____________________________2、缩写的来源及含义:____________________________3、适用场景和领域:____________________________4、常见错误使用及纠正:____________________________11 常用英文缩写的分类111 学术领域缩写1111 数学领域,如:PI(圆周率,Pi)、IQ(智商,Intelligence Quotient)1112 物理领域,例如:F(力,Force)、E(能量,Energy)1113 化学领域,像:H₂O(水,Water)、CO₂(二氧化碳,Carbon Dioxide)112 商业和金融领域缩写1121 常见的股票市场缩写,如:NYSE(纽约证券交易所,New York Stock Exchange)、NASDAQ(纳斯达克,National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations)1122 财务报表中的缩写,比如:ROE(净资产收益率,Return on Equity)、EPS(每股收益,Earnings Per Share)113 信息技术领域缩写1131 计算机硬件和软件相关的,如:CPU(中央处理器,Central Processing Unit)、RAM(随机存取存储器,Random Access Memory)1132 网络和通信方面,像是:IP(互联网协议,Internet Protocol)、DNS(域名系统,Domain Name System)114 医学领域缩写1141 疾病名称的缩写,例如:AIDS(艾滋病,Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)、COVID-19(新型冠状病毒肺炎,Corona Virus Disease 2019)1142 医疗检查和治疗手段的缩写,像:MRI(磁共振成像,Magnetic Resonance Imaging)、CT(计算机断层扫描,Computed Tomography)12 缩写的来源及含义121 来自拉丁语或希腊语的缩写1211 例如:eg(例如,exempli gratia)、ie(即,id est)122 由单词首字母组成的缩写1221 如:CEO(首席执行官,Chief Executive Officer)、CFO(首席财务官,Chief Financial Officer)123 截取单词部分形成的缩写1231 比如:flu(流感,influenza)、gym(健身房,gymnasium)13 适用场景和领域131 学术写作中的应用1311 在论文和研究报告中,正确使用学术领域的缩写可以提高表达效率和专业性。
英文缩写————最全面的缩写!!
公司内部门英文单词缩写Co.,Ltd.: Company Limited 的缩写部门:Department/Division 简写为Dept.人事部:HR Department(human resource)行政部:Administration Department(比较常用)。
也可以用Executive Department(有些公司也用这个)或者用Executive Branch(多用在银行)市场部:Marketing Department客服部:CUS Department销售部:SALES Department质量技术部:quality and Technology Division研发部:R & D Department (research and develop)海外部:Overseas Division拓展部:Department of Expand人事行政部: P/A Personal &Administration会计部:A/C Accountant Dept资料中心:DC Document Center质量管理部: Division of Quality Management.质量总监 Quality Administration制造总部办公室 Office of Manufacturing Headquarter设计部:Design DPT.注册公司常用英文单词缩写WTO----world trade organization 世贸CEO----chief executive officer 总裁R&D----research and development 研究开发CAD----computer assisted design 计算机辅助设计CTV----cable television 有线电视PCS----program control switches 程控电话交换机IDD----international direct dialing 国际长途直拨Int-tele----internet telephone 因特网电话Mob tele----mobile telephone 移动电话B-ISTN---- 宽带综合业务数字网E-b----E-business 电子商务SOE----state-owned enterprise 国有企业FIE----foreign-invested enterprise 外资企业FDI----foreign direct investment 外国直接投资JV ----joint venture 合资经营SEZ----special economic zone 经济特区TQC----total quality control 全面质量管理CI ----corporate image 企业形象h.o.---head office 总部IT-----information industry 信息产业memo---memora0000 备忘录5yr-P-----Five-Year Plan 五年计划telcom-----telecommunication 通讯CEO Chief Executive OfficerUN 联合国UNESCO 联合国科教文组织WHO 世界卫生组织OPEC 欧佩克(石油出口国家组织)GATT 关贸总协定OECD 经济合作与发展组织TMF 国家货币基金组织EEC 欧洲经济共同体NATO 北大西洋公约组织VOA 美国之音NY 纽约CBS 哥伦比亚广播公司PBS 美国公共广播电视公司ABC 澳大利亚广播公司BBC 英国广播公司IBM 国际商用电器公司ITT 国际电报电话公司CIA 中央情报局FBI 联邦调查局MIT 麻省理工大学VCLA 加利福尼亚州立大学KKK 三K党ERA 平等权利修正案UPI (美)合众国际社VIP 重要任务POW 战俘GI 美国士兵MP 国会议员(英)JAL 日本航空公司PRC 中华人民共和国CACC 中国民航局AD 公元BC 公元前WWII 第二次世界大战GMT 格林威治标准时间GNP 国民生产总值UFO CTN/CTNS carton/cartons 纸箱C/D customs declaration 报关单C&F cost&freight 成本加运费价C.O certificate of origin 一般原产地证D/A document against acceptance 承兑交单D/P document against payment 付款交单DL/DLS dollar/dollars 美元DOZ/DZ dozen 一打儿EA each 每个,各FAC facsimile 传真G.S.P. generalized system of preferences 普惠制G.W. gross weight 毛重IMP import 进口N.W. net weight 净重PCE/PCS piece/pieces 只、个、支等PKG package 一包、一捆、一扎、一件等T/T telegraphic transfer 电汇W with 具有w/o without 没有WT weight 重量WWW----万维网(World Wide Wdb);Http---超文本传输协议(Hypertext transfer protocol);FTP----文件传输协议(File Transfer Protocol);TCP----传输控制协议(Transmission Control Protocol);IP-----网际协议(Internet Protocol);ISP----网络服务提供商(Internet Service Provider);DNS----域名服务器(Domain Name Server);IE-----网络浏览器(Internet Explorer);OE-----邮件收发软件(Outlook Express);BBS----电子布告栏系统;OICQ---网上聊天工具;LAN----局域网(Local Area Network);MAN----城域网(Metropolitan Area Network);WAN----广域网(Wide Area Network)ABS─防抱死制动系统ABS英文全称是“Anti-Lock Brake System”。
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英文缩写英文全称100% Cal100% Calibration100% IVER100% Integration Vehicle Engineering Release100% PPAP All parts at full PPAP for Vehicle program100% SVER100% Structure Vehicle Engineering Release65% Cal65% Calibration80% Cal80% Calibration8D8 DisciplinesA AlphaA MRD Alpha Material Required DateA/T Automatic TransmissionA/T Automatic TransmissionAA Architecture ApprovalAAM Alliance of Automobile ManufacturesABS Anti-lock Brake System or Anti-Block SteeringAC Architecture ConfirmationACE Assistant Chief EngineerACT ActivityACT BOM Assembly Component Tree BOMAD Alternatives DevelopmentADV Analysis / Development / ValidationADV Analysis, Development and ValidationAE Application EngineerAE Application EngineerAEM Assimilability evaluation methodAFI Architecture Framing InitiationAIAC Automotive Industry Action GroupALY AlloyAMT Automatic Machincal TransmissionANSI American National Standards InstituteAP Advanced PurchasingAP Assembly PlantAPB Automotive Product BoardAPD Approved Product DescriptionAPE Annual Program ExecutionAPEC Asia Pacific Economic CooperationAPQP/CP Advanced Product Quality Planning and Control Plan APSB Asia Pacific Strategy BoardAR Appropriation RequestARC Architecture Refinement CompleteASB Automotive Strategy BoardASCASE Automotive Safety EngineeringASE Aftersales EngineeringASN Advanced shipping noticeASSI Architecture Statement of Strategic IntentAssy Check-in Assembly Line Check-inAssy PPAP Assembly Line PPAPAssy PPAP Assembly Line PPAPAssy PPV Assembly Line Products and Process ValidationAssy PPV Assembly Line Production and Process ValidationAssy Run-Off Assembly Line Run-OffAssy Run-off Assembly Line RUN-OffAssy Run-off MRD Assembly Line RUN-Off Material Requied DateATC Auto Temperature ControllerATF Automatic Transmission FluidATT AttachmentATT Actual takt timeAVD Advanced Vehicle DevelopmentAVDC Advance Vehicle Development CenterAVD-LT Advanced Vehicle Development-Leadership TeamAVDP Advanced Vehicle Development Process (Time between DSI an AVPM Advanced Vehicle Planning ManagerB BetaB BuildB MRD Beta Material Required DateB+U Building and UtilityBAD Build Authorization DocumentBC Business CaseBCM Body Control ModuleBDC Body Distributon CentralBESC Base Engine Steering CommitteeBIQ Building in QualityBIR Prototype Build Issue ReportBIR Build Issues ResolutionBIR Build Incident ReportBIR Bulding issue reportBIW Body-In-WhiteBIW Body in WhiteBOD Bill of DesignBOE Bill of EquipmentBOM Bill of MaterialBOM Bill of MaterialBOM Bill of MaterialBOM Bill Of MaterialBOM Bill Of MaterialBOM Bill of MaterialBOP Bill of ProcessBOP Bill Of ProcessBP Break PointBPD Business Plant DeploymentBPP Best people practicesBPR Business plan recomposeBS Body ShopBSD Build Site DirectionBUFFER BufferC/CAP Construction/Conversion and Acceleration Plan CAB Change Approval BoardCACCAFE Corporate Average Fuel EconomyCal CalibrationCARE Customer acceptance review evaluationCARE Customer Acceptance & Review EvaluationCC Concept ConfirmationCC Consolidation CenterCC Confirmation ClinicCert LSO Certification Lift Stop OrderCET Cold Environment TestCH Chassis DepartmentCI Concept InitiationCIM Customer Interface ManagerCIP Continue Improve ProcessCIP Continue Improve ProcessCIT Continuous Improvement TeamCIT Compartment Integration TeamCMC Container Management CenterCME Change Management EngineerCmk N/ACmk Capability Machine IndexCMMC-NCAP China New CAR Assessment ProcessCOC Centre of CompetenceCOE Center of ExpertiseCP Control PlanCPIT Current Product Improvement TeamCpk Complex Process CapabilityCpk Process Capability IndexCPQE Current Product Quality EngineerCPV Cost per VehicleCR/DN Change Request / Decision NoticeCR/DN Change Request/Decision NoticeCRB Change Review BoardCS Contract SigningCS Contract SigningCS1Controled Shipping 1CS2Controled Shipping 2CSC Controls Steering CommitteeCSI Customer Satisfaction IndexCSI Customer Satisfaction IndexCSN Current Sequence NumberCSO Contract Sign-OffCSO Contract Sign-Off (VDP)CSO HC Contract Sign-Off Health CheckCSO HC Contract Sign-Off Health CheckCT Cycle TimeCT Cycle timeCT Creativity TeamsCT Critical TestCTS Component Technical SpecificationCTT Common Timing TemplateCVER Concept Vehicle Engineering ReleaseCVER LL Concept Vehicle Engineering Release Long Lead CVIS Completed Vehicle Inspection StandardsCVQC Completed vehicle quality ceterCVQCB Completed vehicle quality ceter boardCVT Continuously Variable TransmissionD.Q.RDAS Design & Analysis SectionDC Deliver CharterDCN Design Change NoticeDCN Design Change NoticeDCP Dimension Control PlanDCS Design Concept SheetDCT Double Clutch TransmissionDD Direct DeliveryDDSP Driver Door Switch PackDEI Die Engineering IntegrationDFA Design for AssemblyDFM Design for ManufacturabilityDFMEA Design failure mode and effects analysis DFMEA Design FMEADIFF DifferentialDL 3b Design Level 3bDMS Dealer Manage SystemDOL Dealer On LineDP Demand PlanDPV Defects per vehicleDPV Defect per VehicleDQ&V Design Quality & ValidationDR Direct runDRC Design Review CommitteeDRE Design Responsible EngineerDRE Design Release EngineerDRE Design release engineerDRL Direct run lossDrop Off Drop OffDS44HIGH SPEED DURABILITY TESTDSG Direct shift gearboxDSI Document of Strategic IntentDSM Driver Seat ModuleDSO Design Sign OffDTA Design Theme AlternativesDTC Diagnostic Trouble CodeDV Design ValidationDV Design ValidationDVP Design Validation PlanDVT Dynamic vehicle testE/T/C Engine/Transmission/ControllerEBA Emergency Brake AssistantEBD Electronical Brake DistributeEBOM Engineering BOMEC Embedded ControllerECC ERP Central ComponentECR Engineering Change RequestECR Engineering Change RequestECR Engineering Change RequestECR Engineering Change RequestECS Engineering Change SummaryECT Emission Control SystemEDS Electronic Data SystemsEEVC European Enhanced Vehicle-Safety Committee EFEO Emissions & Fuel EconomyEGM Engineering Group ManagerEI&S Electronics Integration & SoftwareELV End of life vehicleEMlS EmissionEMS Engine Management SystemENB Build-Test SectionE-NCAP Euro New Car Assessment ProcessENG EngineerEOA End of AccelerationEOLT End of Line TestEP Engineering PrototypeEPA Environmental Protection AgencyEPC Engineering Program CommitteeEPN Engineering Project NumberERD Early Requirement DocumentESB European Strategy BoardESO Engineering Sign OffESO Engineering Sign OffESO Engineering Sign-offET Engineering TechnologyEV Engineering VehicleEWO Engineering Work OrderEWO Engineering Work OrderEWO Engineering workorderExp Cal Experimental CalibrationFA Final ApprovalFACFATG Final Approval to GrainFBIW First Body in White CompleteFE Functional EvaluationFE LSO Fuel Economy Label Lift Stop OrderFIVC First Integration Vehicle CompleteFIVC First Integration Vehicle CompleteFLO Factory LayoutFMFM Finance ManagerFMC First Mule CompleteFMCFMEA Failure model effectiveness analysisFMEA Failure model effectiveness analysisFMEA Failure Mode and Effects AnalysisFMEA Failure mode and effects analysisFMEA Failure Mode and Effect AnalysisFMS Flexible manufacturing systemsFMVSS Federal Motor Vehicle Safety StandardsFPPV BIW First Product/Process Body in White Complete FPPVC First Product/Process Validation Vehicle Complete FPS Fixed Point StopFTC First Time CapabilityFTP/FTQ First time pass/qualityFTQ First time qualityFWD Four Wheel DriveG GammaG MRD Gamma Material Required DateG/L Group leaderGA General AssemblyGA General AssemblyGADT Global Architecture Development TeamGBOM Global Bill of MaterialGMNA General Motors North AmericaGMPT General Motors PowertrainGPDC Global Product Development CouncilGPDP Global Powertrain Development ProcessGPDS Global Product Description SystemGSD Global Segment DirectorGSS Global Sales and ServiceGVDP Global Vehicle Development ProcessGVDP Global Vehicle Development ProcessGVDP Global Vehicle Development ProcessGVDP Global Vehicle Development ProcessGVDP Global Vehicle Development ProcessGVDP Global Vehicle Development ProcessGVLE Global Vehicle Line ExecutiveGVW Gross Vehicle WeightGW GatewayHET Hot Environment TestHRC Hardware Release CenterICD Interface Control DocumentIDR Initial Data ReleaseIDSR Integration Driven Subsystem RequirementILP Inbound Logistic PlanningIMES Integration Manufacturing Executive SystemInitial Cal Initial CalibrationIOM Inspection operator methodIOS Inspection operator summaryIPPE integrated Product and Process EngineeringIPTV Incident per Thousand VehiclesIPTV Incidents Per Thousand VehiclesIPTV Incidents Per Thousand VehiclesIPTV Incidents Per Thousand VehiclesIR Incident ReportIRP Issue Resolution ProcessIRR Internal Rate of ReturnISO International Standard OrganizationIV Integration VehicleIV MRD Integration Vehicle Material Required DateIVBR Integration Vehicle Build Readiness ReviewIVER Integration Vehicle Engineering ReleaseJIS Just In SequenceJIS Just In SortJIS Job Instruction SheetJIT Just In TimeJIT Just In TimeJPH Job per HourJRS Joint Ride SessionJSCJSC-GP Joint Sourcing Committee - General purchaseKcc Key Control CharacteristicKCC Key Control CharacterKCDS Key Characteristic Designation SystemKO Kick-OffKpc Key Product CharacteristicKPC Key Product CharacteristicKPC Key product characteristicKPC Key product characteristicKPC Key process controlKPC Key process controlLAAMSB Latin America, Africa, Middle East Strategy Board LCL Lower Control LimitLCS Logistic Confirmation SheetLL Learning LoopLL Long LeadLLPR Long Lead Production ReleaseLM Launch ManagerLOU Line of Usage BOMLSL Lower Specification LimitLSP Lean sales and marketing prograneLTR Launch Team ReleaseLWO Logistic Work OrderM+E Machine & EquipmentMACMBOM Manufacturing BOMMDS Materiel Data SheetME Manufacture EngineerME Machine and ElectronicME Manufacturing EngineeringME Manufacturing EngineeringMECMEIS Manufacturing Engineering Info SystemMES Manufacturing Execution SystemMES Manufacturing Execution SystemMFG Site Dec Manufacturing Site DecisionMIC Marketing Information CenterMILKRUN MilkrunMKT MarketingMMR Manufacturable Math ReleaseMO Manufacturing OperationsMP OTS 100%100% Made Parts in OTSMP OTS 100%100% Made Parts in OTSMP PPAP Made Parts PPAPMP PPAP Made Parts PPAPMP PPV Made Parts Production and Process Validation MP PPV Made Parts Production and Process Validation MPS Master Planning SystemMPV Multi-Purpose VehicleMR Manufacturing RequirementsMRD Material Required DateMRD Material Requirement DateMRD Material Required Date (for physical builds) MRD Math Required Date (for virtual builds) MRE Manufacturing Responsible EngineerMS Manufacturing StudiesMSA Measurement System AnalysisMSA Measurement System AnalysisMSA Measure System AnalyseMSA Measurement system analysisMSS Market Segment SpecificationMSSMSS Market Segment SpecificationMT Manual TransmissionMT&E Machines, Tools and EquipmentMTS Manufacturing Technical SpecificationMVB Manufacturing Validation BuildMVB Manufacturing Validation BuildMVB (ns)Manufacturing Validation Build (non saleable) MVB (s)Manufacturing Validation Build (saleable) MVBns Manufacturing Validation Build Non-Salable MVBs Manufacturing Validation Build SalableMVSS Motor Vehicle Safety StandardsMWO Manufacture Work OrderMY Model YearMYM Model Year ManagerNAO North American OperationsNEO New Employee OrientationNOA Notice of AuthorizationNOD Notice of DecisionNOD Notice of DecisionNPV Net Present ValueNRD Normal RoadNSB North American Strategy BoardOBD On Board DiagnosticsOEM Original Equipment manufacturersOEM Run-Off Original Equipment Manufacturer Run-OffOEM Run-off Original Equipment Manufacturer Run-offOJT On Job TrainingOPO Office of Product OperationsORS Occupant Restraint SystemOT OvertimeOTD Order to DeliveryOTP On Time PerformanceOTSOTS Off-tool SampleOTS Off-tool SampleOTS Off-tool SampleOTS OFF-TOOL-SAMPLEOTS QV OTS Quality ValveOTS QV OTS Quality ValveOTS TG2Off Tooling Samples Tooling Go Level 2OTS TGL2Off Tooling Samples Tooling Go Level 2P PilotP PilotPA Production ApprovalPA Program AdministratorPaC Physical Alpha for CustomerPACK PackagingPAD Product Assembly DocumentationPAM Product Assemble ManualPAM Product Assemble ManualPAPIR Product and Process Integration Review PAS Packaging Approval SheetPAS Parking Aid SystemPAS Parking Aid SystemPbC Physical Beta for CustomerPBS Painted Body StorePC Deliver Pilot to CustomerPC PullcordPC Problem CommunicationPC&L Production Control and LogisticsPCL Production Control ManagerPCM Powertrain Control ModulePCM Process Control ManagerPCN Project Cost Change NoticePCN Project Costbook Change NoticePCR Problem communication reportPCR Problem communication reportPCR Problem Communication ReportPCR Problem Communication ReportPDC Parking Distance ControlPDC Parking Distance ControlPDCA Plan、Do、Check、ActionPDCA Plan-Do-Check-ActionPDI Product delivery inspectionPDI Preliminary Data IndicatorPDI Pre-delivery InspectionPDS Product Data StructurePDT Product Development TeamPDT Product Development TeamPDT Product Development TeamPDT Product Development TeamPDT Product Development TeamPE Product EngineeringPET Program Executive TeamPET Program Execution TeamPET Program Execution TeamPFI Program Framing InitiatedPFMEA Process failure mode and effectsanalysis PFMEA Process FMEAPFMEA Process failure mode & effects analysis PFSE Product Focus Systems EngineerPG3Powertrain GatewayPgC Physical Gamma for CustomerPGM Program Management / Project ManagementPGM Program ManagementPGM Program ManagementPilot PilotPilot PilotPilot QV Pilot Quality ValvePilot MRD Pilot Material Requied DatePilot MRD Pilot Material Required DatePilot QV Pilot Quality ValvePIM Powertrain Interface ManagerPLM Production Launch ManagerPLPPM Programme ManagerPM Program ManagerPM Program ManagerPM Plan maintainPM Prevention MaintenancePM Program ManagerPMO Program Management OfficePMPPMT Product Management TeamPN Part NO.PP Pre-pilotPP Pre-PilotPP Pre-pilotP-P Pre-PilotPP PPAP Purchased Parts Production Parts Approval Process PP Appr.Purchased Parts ApprovedPP ESO Purchased Parts Engineering Sign OffPP OTS 100%100% Purchased Parts in OTSPP OTS 80%80% Purchased Parts in OTSPP OTS 80%80% Purchased Parts in OTSPP PPAP Purchased Parts PPAPPPA Product Planning ApprovalPPAP Production Parts Approval ProcessPPAP Production Part Approval ProcessPPAP Production Part Approval ProcessPPAP Production Part Approval ProcessPPAP Production Parts Approval ProcessPPAP Production Part Approval ProcessPPAP Production Part Approval ProcessPPAP Production Part Approval ProcessPPC Deliver Pre-Pilot to CustomerPPC Product Program Content100%集成车工程发布为了整车项目,所有零件须完全通过PPAP 100%结构车工程发布65%的动力总成标定80%的动力总成标定问题解决8步法Alpha阶段(动力总成产品开发的一个阶段)Alpha样件需求日期自动变速器自动变速器架构批准汽车制造商联盟防抱死制动系统架构确认总工助理工艺路线总成件树形BOM主题开发分析/开发/验证分析,开发和认证应用工程师应用工程师可装配性评估方法架构框架启动美国汽车工业行动集团铝合金机械式自动变速器美国国家标准协会提前采购总装厂汽车产品委员会批准的产品描述年度项目执行亚太经济联盟先期产品质量规划和控制计划亚太战略委员会(通用汽车的高层管理组织)项目预算架构优化完成汽车战略委员会(通用汽车的高层管理组织)经销商售后管理系统汽车安全工程售后工程发货通知单战略意向的架构陈述装配线进场装配线通过PPAP装配线交付后的产品工艺验证装配线交付后产品工艺验证装配线试装交样日期装配线整线打通,启动试装,允许手工装配装配线自动空调控制器自动变速箱油附件实际单件工时先期车辆开发先期车辆开发中心前期整车开发-领导小组先期车辆开发流程(在DSI与VPI之间)先期车辆计划经理Beta阶段(动力总成产品开发的一个阶段)制造Beta样件需求日期土建公用试制授权文档业务计划车身控制器车辆调配中心发动机总成战略转向委员会制造质量试制问题报告试制问题装车问题报告造车问题报告白车身白车身设计清单设备清单物料清单物料清单物料清单物料清单物料清单物料清单工艺清单工艺清单断点业务计划实施最佳人员准则试制现场指导书线边缓存区土建/改造和生产提速计划更改审批会服务热线专员公司平均油耗动力总成标定整车报交检查用户接受度和审查评估验证概念集散中心确认临床通过排放认证通知寒区试验底盘部提出项目概念客户服务经理持续改进持续改进不断改进小组车厢集成小组空箱管理中心更改管理工程师临界机器能力指数机器设备能力三坐标测量中国标准新车评估体系能力中心经验总结中心控制计划现有产品改进小组过程能力指数稳定过程的能力指数现有产品质量工程师单车成本更改决议变更申请/决议通知更改评审小组动力总成签署项目合同合同签订一级受控发运二级受控发运控制模块战略转向委员会用户满意度指标售后满意度流水号整车签署项目合同(VDP术语)合同签署健康检查合同签署健康检查制程周期周期时间创造性工作小组关键试验零部件技术标准标准2级进度模板概念车工程发布概念车工程发布--长周期整车检验标准整车质量中心整车质量目视板无级变速器合格率概况设计分析科递交项目章程设计更改通知设计更改通知尺寸控制计划概念设计表双离合器变速箱直接投线驾驶席门控开关模具工程集成装配工艺性设计制造工艺性设计设计失效模式和效果分析设计失效模式分析差速器设计阶段3b经销商管理系统经销商在线系统需求计划单车缺陷数单车缺陷数设计质量和验证直接通过率设计评审委员会设计和发布工程师设计发布工程师设计发布工程师直接通过损失率停产高速耐久试验(MGRES 标准)双离合器变速箱驾驶席座椅控制模块设计签署设计主题选项诊断故障码设计验证产品设计验证设计验证计划整车综合动态测试发动机/变速器/控制模块紧急制动辅助系统电子制动力分配系统工程BOM控制模块ERP核心组建工程更改请求工程更改请求工程更改申请工程项目变更申请工程变更摘要电子控制自动变速器电子数据系统欧洲提高车辆安全性委员会排放和燃料经济产品工程小组经理电器零件集成和软件整车寿命结束排放发动机管理系统试制试验科欧洲标准新车评估体系工程师生产提速的完成生产线试验结束工程样车(件)环境保护厅工程项目委员会工程项目数目早期的要求文件欧洲战略委员会(通用汽车的高层管理组织)发动机整机工程签署工程签署工程签署工程技术工程样车工程工作指令工程更改号批准正式生产集团销售经理生产最终批准第一轮白车身完成功能评估通过油耗认证的通知第1辆集成车制造完毕第一轮集成车完成工厂布局功能尺寸财务经理第一轮骡子车完成区域售后支持失效模式分析失效模式分析潜在失效模式及后果分析失效模式和后果分析失效模式和影响分析柔性制造系统联邦汽车安全标准第一轮产品/工艺白车身完成第一轮产品/工艺验证车辆完成固定停止位置首次能力一次通过合格率下线合格率四轮驱动Gamma阶段(动力总成产品开发的一个阶段)Gamma样件需求日期工段长总装总装全球架构开发小组全球物料清单通用汽车北美分部通用汽车动力总成分部全球产品开发理事会全球动力总成开发流程全球产品管理系统全球细分主管全球销售和服务全球整车开发流程整车开发流程整车开发流程全球汽车开发流程全球整车开发流程车辆总重网关热带试验硬件发布中心接口控制文件初始数据发布集成驱动子系统要求入厂物流规划生产执行系统初始标定检验操作方法检验操作概要集成产品与工艺工程每千辆车的故障率每一千台车事故率每千辆车的故障率千辆车故障率事故报告问题解决流程内含报酬率国际标准化组织集成车集成车的物料需求日期集成车制造准备评审集成车工程发布排序供货供应商排序供货方式岗位指导书及时供货供应商及时供货方式生产节拍联合评审生产采购委员会联合采购委员会-一般采购关键过程控制特性关键控制特性产品关键特性定义系统启动关键产品特性关键产品特性主要产品特性主要产品特性关键过程控制关键过程控制通用的拉美,非洲,中东战略委员会管制下限学习周期长周期长周期的产品发布启动经理整车BOM行规格下限精宜营销启动小组释放物流属性更改号机器设备区域经理制造BOM物料数据单样车试制工程师或生产线制造工程师电器设备制造工程制造工程区域市场支持制造工程信息系统制造执行系统制造执行系统确定生产厂址市场信息中心循环取货营销制造数模发布生产管理部门100%自制件达到OTS状态100%自制件达到OTS状态自制件通过PPAP自制件通过PPAP自制件生产线交付后的产品工艺验证自制件生产线交付后的产品工艺验证主计划系统多用途轿车制造要求交样日期物料需求日期物料需求日期(用于制造样机)数模需求日期(用于虚拟制造)制造工程师制造车间测量系统分析手册测量系统分析测量系统分析测量系统分析区域销售支持市场分割规范手动变速箱机床,工装和设备制造技术标准用于认证制造工艺的整车制造制造验证造车用于认证制造工艺的整车制造(不可销售的)用于认证制造工艺的整车制造(可销售的)非销售制造验证造车销售制造验证造车汽车安全标准制造属性更改号年度款车型年经理通用的北美分部新员工培训授权书决议决议通知净现值一般公路通用的北美传略委员会(通用的高层管理组织)车载诊断系统原始设备制造商(主机厂)零件供应商工装设备具备试生产条件零件供应商工装设备具备试生产条件在岗培训产品高层管理组织乘员约束系统加班订单到货时间及时性能装车评审工装样件工装样件工装样件工装样件OTS质量阀OTS交付状态满足质保的开阀要求OTS质量阀,OTS交付状态满足质保的开阀要求OTS设计达到TG2阶段,发布图纸用于供应商启动工装和设备投入OTS设计达到TG2阶段批量试生产小批量生产批准正式生产提交客户的Alpha样机包装规划产品装配文件样车装配指南产品装配手册产品和工艺集成会议包装确认单泊车辅助系统泊车辅助系统提交客户的Beta样机油漆车身存储区向客户提交Pilot产品拉环问题信息PC&L部门(GM的一个部门)生产控制与支持动力总成控制模块工艺控制负责人项目更改通知单项目Costbook更改通知单问题交流报告问题交流报告问题交流报告问题交流报告泊车距离控制泊车距离控制计划、实施、检查、行动计划,实施,检查,行动产品交付检查初步数据指示器车辆行运“零公里”检查报告产品数据结构,在SCM中用到的数据对象,集成了BOM、工艺和工厂布局信息产品开发组产品开发小组产品开发小组产品开发小组产品开发小组产品工程项目执行小组项目组项目执行小组项目框架启动过程失效模式和后果分析工艺失效模式分析过程失效模式分析产品系统工程师关键里程碑节点向客户发运Gamma样机项目管理项目管理项目管理试生产试生产试生产质量阀满足启动试生产的开阀要球Pilot交样日期Pilot的物料需求日期试生产质量阀满足启动试生产的开阀要求动力总成接口经理生产启动经理单车利润表项目工程经理项目经理项目经理计划维护预防性维护项目经理项目管理办公室(通用的一个部门)常规尺寸产品管理小组零件号前期试生产预试生产试生产试生产外购件完成生产件批准程序外购件批准SQE开具入库许可单外购件工程签署,完成OTS认可/阶段认可外购件的OTS交样率达到100%外购件的OTS交样率达到80%外购件的OTS交样率达到80%外购件完成PPAP产品规划批准生产件批准程序生产零部件批准程序生产件批准程序生产件批准程序生产件批准程序生产件批准流程PPAP产品零部件批准流程生产零部件批准程序向客户发运Pre-pilot动力总成项目任务书。