How many people are diagnosed with cancer each year
新视野大学英语读写教程第二版第一册课后翻译汉译英与答案
1.对于网络课程，学生不仅可以选择何时何地学习，在回答问题之前他们还可以有时间思考答案。
(not only…but also…)Not only can students choose when and where to learn for an online course, but also they can take time to think through answers before producing an answer.2.网上学习的想法使她非常兴奋，而他认为网上学习毫无意义和用处。
(while) She’s excited by the idea of online learning while he considers it meaningless and useless.3.与以英语为母语的人交谈是非常有益的体验，从中我们能学到许多东西。
(communicate with)Communicating with native English speakers is a very rewarding experience from which we can learn a lot.4.如今，越来越多的人可以利用互联网查找他们需要的信息。
(have access to) Today, more and more people have access to the Internet through which they look for the information they need.5.他要她放弃工作在家照顾孩子，但是她觉得这个要求太过分了。
(give up) He wants her to give up working and stay home to look after the children. She feels, however, that this is too much for her.6.既然我们已经学完这门课程，就应该多做些练习。
2020-2021学年华南师范大学附属中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案
2020-2021学年华南师范大学附属中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AContact CCA's Special Programs to learn more about our wide range of credit and noncredit opportunities for academic and personal development.Summer ProgramAn exceptional 4-week program for students currently completing their study of high school.Earn 3 college credits!Our setting is CCA's Oakland campus, where studio-focused, college-level courses help you push beyond concepts to portfolio(作品集)－ready pieces. On-campus Housing & Scholarships available!Summer CoursesCCA offers about 35 for-creditdegree courses each summer, scheduled on theSan FranciscoandOaklandcampuses.Undergraduate and graduate students can work with a visiting artist, develop skills and stay on track for graduation by earning credits...all while still allowing time to visit family, work, travel, etc.For information about summer housing, please contact the Office of Residential Life at 510594722 or housing@ ca. edu.Summer StartSummer Start is a six-week program designed specifically for international undergraduate and graduate students. This is a for-credit program; students receive six credits towards their degree. During the program, you must live on CCA'sSan Franciscocampus.Tuition includes six units of discounted graduate college credit, which will include books, field trip expenses and one-on-one tutoring. Housing fees include six weeks at CCA's San Francisco Panoramic Residence.Company-Customized ProgramsCCA's Office of Special Programs can design customized workshops to develop and strengthen employee skills within your company. Customized programs have included:An Ideation Sketching class, for the design team of a national clothing retailer, scheduled Friday afternoonsonSan Franciscocampus.Software-specific workshops, for designers from a national paper products and gifts retailer, scheduled in a two-day workshop format during the week on ourOaklandcampus.1.Who would most potentially apply for Summer Program?A.Employees in companies.B.International undergraduate and graduate students.C.High school graduates.D.Undergraduate and graduate students.2.What can students do if they take Summer Courses?A.Go on a field trip.B.Visit famous artists.C.Make some friends.D.Earn some credits.3.What are students required to do if they take Summer Start?A.Live on one of the campuses.B.Pay school fees in advance.C.Read as many books as possible.plete the courses on time.BYellowstoneNational ParkbecameAmerica's first national park in 1872. The National Park Service was formed 44 years later in 1916.Yellowstone, which is mostly in the state of Wyoming, is considered an example of the success of the National Park System.Humans have been present in Yellowstone for more than 11,000 years.Yellowstone contains beautiful mountains, deep canyons(峡谷), lakes and rivers.The nameYellowstonecomes from the river running through the area. At first known as Rock Yellow River, it became known as theYellowstoneRiver.Yellowstoneis host to many different species of plants. However, the park is most distinctive because of what lies underneath it. It sits on top of an ancient super volcano, known as The Yellowstone Caldera. The caldera is 48 by 72 kilometers. And it remains an active volcano.It is believed that the last time the volcano erupted was one half million years ago. The area has had three major eruptions in the last three million years.Experts say it may erupt again in another 1,000 to 10,000 years. Buteach year, there are thousands of earthquakes atYellowstone. Most are too small to be felt by people visiting the park.Yellowstoneis filled with the beauty of many hot water springs. hot water and gasses are trapped under the earth. they rush to the surface in the form of hot water and steam.Old Faithful is The most famous one .Iterupts about every hour or hour and a half. The eruption can last from one and a half minutes up to 5 minutes. The amount of hot water it expels（排出）in that time can be as much as 31,000 liters or more.In addition to its beauty and wonder, Yellowstone is an animal sanctuary（保护区）. It is home to the largest group of wild animals in theUnited States. As you travel through the park, you can sometimes see them in their natural habitat and hear their calls .4. What wasYellowstonenamed after?A. RockYellow RiverB. The amazing mountains.C. The stones with yellow color1D. The first discovery inwyoming.5. What makesYellowstonequite unique?A. The scenery is beautiful.B. There are a lot of explorers.C. It’s home to many plants.D. Its location is very special.6. What does the underlined word“It”in Paragraph 5 refer to?A. The earth.B. Yellowstone.C.Old Faithful.D. TheYellowstoneCaldera.7. What can we infer from the text?A. The Yellowstone Caldera has been dead for years.B. Yellowstone is a shelter for the protected wildlife.C. Big earthquakes happen frequently atYellowstone.D.YellowstoneNational Parkhas attracted visitors for centuries.CDepression（抑郁症）in young adult males, ages 18 or 19, is linked to a 20% greater risk of having a heart attack in middle age, according to a new Swedish study.The link can be partly explained by poorer stress resilience（抗压能力）and lower physical fitness among teens with mental disorders.Theresearch included 238,013 men born between 1958 and 1962 who were given examinations in adolescence（青春期）and were then followed into middle age（up to the age of 58 years）. A total of 34,503 menwere diagnosed（诊断）with a mental disorder.The study found thata mental disorder in young adulthond was linked to a higher risk of having heart attack by middle age. Compared to men without a mental illness in young adulthood，the risk of heart attack was 20%higher among men with a diagnosis.“We already knew that menwho were physically fit in adolescence seem less likely to keep fitness in later years if they have low stress resilience” said study author Dr. Bergh, “Our research has also shown that low stress resilience is also connected with a greater tendency towards bad behavior, such as higher risks of smoking, drinking and other drug use.”“Better fitness in adolescence is likely to help protect against later heart disease, particularly if people stay fit as they age. Physical activities may also reduce some of the bad effects of stress. Those in poor health could benefit from additional support to encourage exercise and develop plans to deal with stress,” said Bergh.8. How does the author develop paragraph 3?A. By giving examples.B. By listing figures.C. By making a comparison.D. By drawing a conclusion.9. What are men with low stress resilience likely to do?A. Smoke more.B. Eat more.C. Sleep less.D. Do less exercise.10. What will Bergh agree with according to the last paragraph?A. Physical activitiesadd to stress.B. Stress may cause heart disease.C. Taking exercise is unnecessary.D. Staying fit is of great importance.11. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?A. Entertainment.B. Health.C. Education.D. Fashion.DRichard Campbell is a secondary school student. He is15 years old. He lives in a small town in the north ofEngland. Every morning, he gets up at eight o’clock, puts on his uniform and walks to school.One hour later, the lessons start. The students usually study maths, English, history and geography in the morning. They usually study music and drawing and they play sports after lunch. They have a ten-minute break between classes. They also spend a long time in the school library, reading books and doing their homework.Richard likes his school very much. His favourite subjects are English and geography, but he doesn’t like maths because he is not good at it.Richard and all his friends spend the whole day at school. Lunch is at one o’clock. He doesn’t like the foodthat the school serves. This is why he often brings a packed lunch from home. He always has his lunch in the dining hall, but some of his friends sometimes eat in the courtyard or outside the school gate.At weekends, he always goes out with his friends because he doesn’t go to school. On Saturday, he always goes to the cinema or to the sports centre. On Sunday, he just goes for a walk with his dog.12. What time do Richard’s lessons begin in the morning?A. At 8:00.B. At 8:30.C. At 9:00.D. At 9:10.13. What does Richard like best?A. Maths and English.B. English and geography.C. History and maths.D. Geography and history.14. Where does Richard have lunch on weekdays?A. In the dining hall.B. At home.C. In the courtyard.D. Outside his school gate.15. What does Richard always do on Saturday?A. He reads and does homework.B. He goes to see films or does sports.C. He walks his dog or does exercise.D. He spends a long time in the library.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
高一书面表达
书面表达（2）（同步类）1.、辽宁省沈阳二中10-11学年高一上学期10月月考（英语）书面表达（满分25分）假如你叫李平，你的美国笔友Tom来信询问你十一假期过的怎样。
请根据表格中的信息给他回信，说明你在十一假期中的活动和理由。
活动理由休息学习紧张，缺少锻炼和休息看望乡下的祖父母帮助他们做点家务，并给他们谈了身边的新鲜事和朋友进行短途旅游欣赏大自然，呼吸新鲜空气注意：词数100左右。
Dear Tom,I'm very glad to receive your letter. And it's a pleasure to tell you something about how I spent the National Day holiday.First, I had a good rest because recently I often felt tired as a result of my heavy study burden as well as lack of sleep and physical exercise. Of course, it took me two days to stay with my grandparents living in the countryside and help them do some housework and tell them what happened to me and my friends. What's more, I had a trip with my friends to appreciate the beauty of nature and breathe fresh air. What did you do in your summer holidays? I'm looking forward to hearing from you.Best wishes!Y ours,Li Ping2、辽宁省大连市二十三中学10-11学年高一上学期第一次月考（英语）书面表达（满分25分）你刚进入高中新的学习生活，某英文报欲征集有关高一新生学习经验的小短文.请以“How to Be a Good Learner”为题写一篇英语短文。
高考英语阅读理解精英练习题(8)及答案
2014高考英语阅读理解精英练习题（8）及答案阅读理解Many families in the United States have a larger income now than ever before, but people are finding it difficult to make ends meet anyway. Almost everyone is wondering,“What happens to all my money?”I never seem to have anythi ng left to put away.Why isn’t a dollar worth as much as it used to be? One dollar is always worth the same amount, that is, 100 cents. But the value of a dollar is how much it can buy. The value of money depends on the cost of living. Economists（经济学家）say that the cost of living is the money that a family must pay for the necessities of life（生活必需品）such as food, housing or rent, clothes, and medical expenses. For many years now, the cost of living has increased greatly, so the value of the dollar has decreased. When a dollar has a low value, you cannot buy as many things with it.No one fully understands why the cost of living keeps increasing, but economists believe that workers and producers can make prices go up. As workers earn more money, they have more money to spend, so many demand more goods. If there is a great demand for certain goods, the prices of these goods go up. At the same time, if there’s a shortage（短缺）of goods, the prices also go up. For example, if everyone wants to buy more and more gas, the price of gas goes up. When companies withhold gas from buyers, they can also make the price of gas go up.Families need to know what happens to their money. They need to make their income meet the cost of living, so many people plan a family budget. A budget（预算）is a list of monthly. If your expenses add up to more than your income, you must find ways to save money. Maybe you’re spending too much on entertainment. Or if you’re spending too much on clothes, you may want to sew your own clothes. Budgeting helps you spend your money wisely as the cost of living increases.58. What has troubled many families in the United States?A. A not-large-enough incomeB. Nothing is left over to put awayC. The increasing cost of livingD. A shortage of certain goods59. ________determines(决定) the value of the dollar.A. The governmentB. The cost of livingC. The economistD. The bank60. While the cost of living increases, the value of the dollar__________.A. increases tooB. decreasesC. neither increases nor decreasesD. seldom decreases61. When ________, the prices go up.A. demand（需求）exceeds（超过）supply（供给）B. supply exceeds demandC. demand doesn’t exceed supplyD. supply equals demand参考答案-------------58-61CBBA阅读理解Valentine’s Day’s is named after Saint Valentine, an early Christian churchman who reportedly helped young lovers. Valentine was executed(处决)for his Christian beliefs on February 14 more than 1,700 years ago, but the day that has his name is even earlier than that.More than 2,000 years ago, the ancient Romans celebrated a holiday for lovers. As part of the celebration, girls wrote their names on pieces of paper and put them in a large container（容器）. Boys reached into the container and pulled one out. The girl whose name was written on the paper became his lover or sweetheart for a year.Lovers still put their names on pieces of paper and they send each other Valentine’s Day cards that tell of their love. Sometimes they also send gifts, like flowers or chocolate candy. Americans usually send these gifts and cards through the mail system. But some use another way to send this message. They have it printed in a newspaper. The cost is usually a few dollars. Some of the messages are simple an d short:“Jane, I love you very much. Peter.”Others say more. This one, for example, “Dan, roses are red, violets are blue. I hope you love me as much as I love you. Forever, Mary.”Most of the newspapers that print such messages are local, but one, USA Today, is sold throughout the United Stated and 90 other countries as well. This means someone can send a Valentine message to a lover in a far-away city or town almost anywhere in the world. These messages cost 80 dollars and more. An employee of the USA Today says readers can have a smallheart or rose printed along with their messages this year. Will this kind of Valentine’s Day messages reaches the one you love? Well, just make sure he or she reads the newspaper.62. How to understand“the day that has his name is even earlier than that”?A. The holiday for lovers is earlier than Valentine’s Day that was named after Saint Valentine.B. Valentine was executed a long time ago.C. The day when Valentine was executed is earlier than a holiday for lovers in ancient Rome.D. Valentine’s Day existed when Saint Valentine was still alive.63. Why the girl whose name was written on the paper would become a boy’s lover or sweetheart for a year?A. Because the girl would love the boy who pulled out a piece of paper on wh ich the girl’s namewas written.B. It’s up to the face.C. Because the boy would love the girl whose name was on the paper pulled out by him.D. Not mentioned in the passage.64. In what way do lovers express love when Valentine’s Day is comin g, according to the passage?A. Sending Valentine’s Day cards.B. Sending gifts, like flowers or chocolate candy.C. Sending love through a newspaper.D. All of the above.65. Why printing message in USA Today is so expensive?A. Because readers can have a small heart or rose printed along with their messages.B. Because USA Today is sold through the United States and other countries.C. Because USA Today is an important newspaper.D. Because the quality of the paper USA Today is high.参考答案---------62-65DDDBAbout a third of all common cancers in the United States, China and Britain could beprevented each year if people ate healthier food, drank less alcohol and exercised more, health experts said on Friday.Reports from the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) suggest that making simple lifestyle changes could prevent some 40 percent of breast cancers alone in Britain and the United States, as well as tens of thousands of stomach cancers.“Even in 2011, people are dying unnecess arily from cancers that could be prevented through keeping a healthy weight, diet, physical activity and other lifestyle factors,” said a WCRF medical and scientific adviser.WCRF findings are supported by World Health Organization (WHO) reports, which say regular exercise can prevent many diseases such as cancers and heart diseases.Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world and its incidence(发病率) is rising. Each year around 12.7 million people discover they have cancer and 7.6 million people die from some form of the disease. There are about 200 known types of cancer.Rachel Thompson, the WCRF’s head of science, said that while the message was simple —that not smoking, eating good food and being a healthy weight can help ward off many cancers —it was still a difficult one to get across.The WHO says adults should do at least 150 minutes of exercise a week. This could be done by walking for 30 minutes five times per week or by cycling to work every day.Peter Baldini, head of the World Lung Foundation, also called on all governments to introduce smoke-free laws and raise the price of cigarettes. Tobacco kills millions of smokers every year, and tobacco-related lung cancers also kill hundreds of thousands of people who don’t smoke but have been exposed to it second-hand.“There isn’t a magic bullet to cure all forms of cancer, but we have the opportunity and the duty to protect people from developing cancer wherever possible,” Baldini said.63. Which of the following words can best take the place of the phrase “ward off” in the sixthparagraph?A. protectB. preventC. developD. cure【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。
研究生英语综合教程下册英汉互译(熊海虹)
Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness1 Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better.Their refrain might go something like this: "I wish it hadn't happened, but I'm a better person for it."1飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭遇恶性袭击事件，没有人想要遭遇其中。
但出人意料的是，很多人发现承受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。
他们可能都会这样说:“我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。
”2 We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations, perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances.Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest.In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives subsequently in some ways improved.2我们都爱听人们经历艰难困苦后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正意义的心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。
2023-2024学年全国初中七年级下英语人教版月考试卷(含解析)
2023-2024学年全国七年级下英语月考试卷考试总分：105 分考试时间： 120 分钟学校：__________ 班级：__________ 姓名：__________ 考号：__________注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息;2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上;卷I（选择题）一、单选题（本题共计 10 小题，每题 5 分，共计50分）1. —What ________ bad weather it is today!—Yes, ________ weather makes me so sad.A.a; theB./; theC.the; a2. —Can you ________ two languages?—No, I ________.A.speak; canB.speaking; am notC.speak; can'tD.speaking; can't3. —________ did Chinese President Xi Jinping stay in Guilin?—For two days.A.How longB.HowC.WhenD.What4. —Mom, my foreign friend will take a trip in Taiyuan. Do you know somewhere interesting?—Our hometown ________ long history and many sites are worth visiting, for like Jinci Park.A.is thirsty forB.is famous forC.is responsible for5. My mother is ________ at cooking. The food she makes tastes ________.A.good; goodB.well; goodC.good; well6. —Could I ________ some money ________ you?—Sorry. I have little. But Mary can ________ some ________ you.A.borrow; from; lend; toB.lend; to; borrow; fromC.borrow; to; lend; fromD.borrow; to; lend; to7. —________ the weather like in Hangzhou?—It's cloudy.A.How'sB.WhatC.HowD.What's8. —________ will you take, water or juice?—Water.A.WhereB.WhichC.How9. —Does Bob often play computer games online?—No. ________. He doesn’t have a computer.A.neverB.sometimesuallyD.always10. —Liu Ning，thanks for telling me the way to the library.—________.A.Of courseB.Not reallyC.Good ideaD.No problem卷II（非选择题）二、填空题（本题共计 2 小题，每题 5 分，共计10分）11. I met（遇见）Alice this________（早上）12. That's because it was cheaper than________（buy）tickets for all the sports.三、完形填空（本题共计 1 小题，共计5分）13.(5分)The spring sun was shining quite brightly when Mrs. Grant left her house, so shedidn't（1）________ an umbrella with her. She got on the bus to the town and it began to（2）________ soon.（3）________ the bus arrived at the market half an hour later, it didn't stop. So Mrs.Grant（4）________ and picked up the umbrella in front of her carelessly（粗心地）.A young（5）________ said loudly, "That is mine, madam."Suddenly（突然地）（6）________ that she had come out without her umbrella, Mrs. Grant's face turned red. She felt（7）________ for what she had done and apologized（道歉）to the owner（主人）of the umbrella again and again.After she got off the bus, Mrs. Grant went to the（8）________ shop at once. She found a good one and（9）________ it. Then she（10）________ to buy another as a present for her daughter. After that, she did the other（11）________ in the market and had lunch in a restaurant.In the afternoon she got on the homeward（回家的）bus with the（12）________ umbrellas under her arm, and sat down. Then she was（13）________ to see that she was sitting next to the woman again, that was the woman who made her feel awkward（窘迫的）that morning.That woman now（14）________ her and then at the umbrellas. "You've had quite agood（15）________." she said.（1）A.takeB.bringC.carryD.help（2）A.blowB.snowC.flyD.rain（3）A.BeforeB.IfC.WhenD.Because（4）B.stayed upC.stood upD.sat down（5）A.manB.boyC.girlD.woman（6）A.rememberingB.sayingC.watchingD.studying（7）A.sorryB.tiredC.scaredD.happy（8）A.shoeB.umbrellaC.clothesD.gift（9）A.SoldB.collectedC.BoughtD.lost（10）B.forgotC.decidedD.failed（11）A.fightingB.walkingC.cryingD.shopping（12）A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four（13）A.excitedB.surprisedC.worriedD.relaxed（14）A.waited forB.looked forC.looked atD.shouted at（15）A.dayB.mealC.giftD.sport四、阅读理解（本题共计 6 小题，每题 5 分，共计30分）14.Last year, some groups of students in their community（社区）made a survey（调查）about "How do people spend（花费）their free time?" The following diagrams（图表）show some results（结果）of it:Diagram（1）: Hours for people of different ages who surf the Internet in a week.Diagram（2）: Different days people go to the library. （library attendance 出席）Diagram（3）: Different programs（节目）people like.（1）People aged ________ spend the most time surfing the Internet every week.A.7-16B.17-30C.31-55D.over 56（2）How many people go to the library on Saturdays?A.About 20%.B.About 40%.C.Over 60%.D.More than 80%.（3）Which following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A.Some students in their community made a survey last year.B.People aged 17-30 spend 20 hours surfing the internet a week.C.Nobody goes to the library on Friday.D.People like watching chat best.15.In October, 2001, Zou Qing was born in a poor family in Hunan Province. For as long as Zou Qing could remember, her mother who suffered from polio（小儿麻痹症）could only walk by touching a bench, and the burden（重担）of making money fell on her weak father.However, when she was in Grade 4, Zou Qing's grandmother and father were diagnosed with（被诊断为）cancer and died off. Since her mother could not take care of herself, Zou Qing helped her mother get dressed, wash and do the cooking every morning for the next 9 years. As soon as she came home from school, she immediately cooked. Then she washed feet and cleaned body for her mother. She couldn't study until she finished the housework.Despite（尽管）so many difficulties, Zou Qing never relaxed in her studies. In 2016, she was accepted to the best local high school with excellent grades by examining. But because of the family situation, she gave up the opportunity to go to high school, but entered Hengyang Nuclear Industry Health School（衡阳核工业卫生学校）. The school was far away from home. To take care of her mother, Zou Qing took her mother to her side and rented（租用）a room next to the school so that she could take care of her mother while going to school.In 2019, Zou Qing successfully got the nurse certificate（证书）and worked in the health center in her hometown. After a period of time, she found that if she wanted to solve the medical problems she did not understand at work, she had to continue to learn more knowledge. When she was accepted to Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology（湖南环境生物职业技术学院）, she took her mother to school again.When the leaders of the college knew about Zou Qing's situation, they arranged（安排）a free room for her and her mother, and gave them 20,000 yuan.（1）Who has been suffering from polio?A.Zou Qing.B.Zou Qing's mother.C.Zou Qing's father.D.Zou Qing's grandmother.（2）How long did Zou Qing take care of her mother?A.Less than 5 years.B.At most 8 years.C.At least 9 years.D.More than 15 years.（3）Why did Zou Qing rent a room next to the school?A.To sell something to the students.B.To look after her mother more easily.C.To get to school on time every day.D.To save more money.（4）What can we learn about Zou Qing from the text?A.She has a strong will and great virtue（美德）.B.She went to the best local high school.C.She has to give up her dream for her mother.D.She borrowed 20,000 yuan from the college.16.Imagine you are living in a moving house.Inside the house, there is a small kitchen, bathroom and bedroom. Everything you need is close at hand.In the US, you can really see these moving houses on the road.They are called recreational vehicles（RV, 房车）. People call them houses on wheels.When it's holiday time, the whole family often gets into this lovely house and hits the road for a trip across the country.Compared to a real house, this home on the road is small for a family who has to spend every hour of every day together. But the best thing about it is that it changes your journey into a free exploration（探索）.You can drive as long as you like without worrying about finding hotels.Or you can just stop somewhere nice and stay for a few weeks.You may also come across other families who are on road trips.Together, you take out your tents and snacks. It's camping time with a lot of chat and laughter.Of course, RVs are not always convenient（便利）.They can sometimes break down and you have to spend time mending them.But this type of road trip still wins people's hearts because they can go whenever and wherever they want.（1）________RVs, everything you need is close at hand.A.InsideB.OutsideC.BehindD.Under（2）In the US, people call RVs moving ________.A.carsB.wheelsC.housesD.buses（3）Which of the following about RVs is TRUE?A.They don't have any wheels.B.They are always convenient．C.They may break down sometimes.D.They are always clean.（4）Why do people prefer traveling in RVs?A.They like eating snacks in RVs.B.They can explore their journey freely.C.They may leave RVs in hotels for a few weeks.D.They can eat anything in it.（5）What's the best title of the passage?A.A Road TripB.A Wonderful HouseC.Moving Homes to TravelD.A Cool House17.Being safe in your everyday life needs knowledge. If you remember the following information, your life will be much safer.Always notice the environment around you. You shouldn't walk alone outside, especially at night. Make sure where the public phones are. If anything dangerous happens, you can find them easily.Your bag should be carried in front of your body instead of being put on your back. When a bus is full of people, it is easy enough for a thief to take away the things in the bag on your back.If you are followed by someone you don't know, cross the street and go to the other way. Let the person understand that you know he or she is after you. Next, don't go home at once. You are safer in the street than you are alone at your home or in a lift.If you have to take a bus to a place far away, try to get to the stop a few minutes earlier before the bus leaves. This stops other people from studying you. On the bus, don't sit alone. Sit behind the driver or with other people. Don't sleep.（1）Which of the following is NOT safe according to the passage?A.Go home alone late at night.B.Make sure where the public phones are.C.Try to get to the bus stop a few minutes earlier before the bus leaves.D.Always notice the environment around you.（2）You'd better put your bag ________ when there are too many people on a bus.A.on your backB.beside youC.in front of youD.behind the driver（3）When you are followed by someone on your way home, you should ________ to make yourself safe.A.run homeB.find a lift and go inC.turn back and walk towards him or her at onceD.cross the street and go to the other way（4）When you take a bus alone, it's safe for you ________.A.to sit behind the driver or with other people, but not to sleepB.to talk with the driverC.to call your friendsD.to get off the bus at once（5）What can you learn from the text?A.How to notice the environment around you.B.How to be safe in your everyday life.C.How to cross the street.D.How to use the public phones.18.What do you know about New York? New York is a very large city with millions of people. How do so many people move on their way to work or school?In New York, you can travel by subway, bus, taxi and private car. The subway runs on the railway lines under the city. Traveling by subway is the fastest way to get around the city. The second way to travel around the city is by public bus. It is a slower way to travel. This is because the traffic is very heavy. You can also travel around the city by taxi. This is very expensive, but the taxi will take you to the very place you want to go to. If the traffic is heavy, the taxi will be slow, too. During the mornings and afternoons, there is the "rush hour". This is the time when the traffic is very heavy with people going to and from work. The last way to get around New York is using your own private car. It is inconvenient because you will perhaps be driving during the "rush hour". The best time to travel around the city is from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., because it isn't the "rush hour".（1）________ ways of transportation are mentioned in the passage?A.ThreeB.FourC.FiveD.Six（2）What is the fastest way to travel in New York?A.By subway.B.By public bus.C.By taxi.D.By private car.（3）Which is RIGHT about travelling by taxi in New York?A.It's cheap and fast.B.It's expensive and slow.C.It's expensive but the taxi will take people to the very place they want to go to.D.It's cheap and the taxi will take people to the very place they want to go to.（4）Why is it inconvenient to use private cars in New York?A.Because the traffic is very heavy.B.Because many people can't buy private cars.C.Because most people aren't at school or at work.D.Because you will perhaps be driving during the "rush hour".（5）From the passage we know that in New York ________.A.there is no "rush hour" from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.B.the traffic is heavy at noonC.most people have lunch at homeD.people go to work or school at 9 a.m.19. 阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。
内分泌相关英文缩写与英文解释
ABBREVIA TIONSIADH syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretionThe syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is a disorder in which water excretion is partially impaired because of the inability to suppress the secretion of ADH . In severe cases, the urine output does not exceed one liter per day, despite a water intake well above this level. The ensuing water retention leads to the development of hyponatremia. The syndrome is defined by the hyponatremia and hypo-osmolalityTPP thyrotoxic periodic paralysisThyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TTP) is a rare complication of hyperthyroidism, more common in Asian males between the second and fourth decades of life and is characterized by thyrotoxicosis, hypokalemia and proximal muscle weakness. Thyrotoxic normokalemic periodic paralysis is a rare entity and has so far only been reported in adult males. Patients with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis have recurrent muscular weakness of the four extremities, affecting mainly the lower extremities. The onset of paralytic attacks usually coincides with the onset of hyperthyroidism, though overt findings of thyrotoxicosis are rarely present with the initial paralytic attack. In some cases, the periodic paralysis is the sole manifestation of the hyperthyroidismAITD autoimmune thyroid diseaseAutoimmune thyroid diseases are common diseases that occur when the thyroid gland is attacked by the immune system. Autoimmune thyroid diseases result in abnormal functioning of the thyroid gland. In autoimmune thyroid diseases, the thyroid gland is either over active or under active. Autoimmune thyroid diseases include Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.Autoimmune thyroid diseases are more common in women than in men. The autoimmune thyroid disease called Hashimoto's thyroiditis occurs most often in females between the ages of 30 and 50 years. The Hashimoto's thyroiditis also appears to have a genetic component because it can run in families. People over the age of fifty who have hypertension or atherosclerosis are at risk for developing the autoimmune thyroid disease called Graves' disease.PPT postpartum thyroiditisPostpartum thyroiditis is a phenomenon observed following pregnancy and mayinvolve hyperthyroidism,hypothyroidism or the two sequentially. It affects about 5% of all women within a year after giving birth. The first phase is typically hyperthyroidism.Then, the thyroideither returns to normal or a woman develops hypothyroidism. Of those women who experience hypothyroidism associated with postpartum thyroiditis, one in five will develop permanent hypothyroidism requiring life-long treatment.Postpartum thyroiditis is believed to result from the modifications to the immune system necessary in pregnancy, and histologically is a subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis. The process is normally self-limiting, but when conventional antibodies are found there is a high chance of this proceeding to permanent hypothyroidism. Postpartum thyroiditis is a member of the group of thyroiditis conditions known as resolving thyroiditis.PHP pseudohypoparathyroidismPseudohypoparathyroidism is a condition associated primarily with resistance to the parathyroid hormone. Patients have a low serum calcium and high phosphate, but the parathyroid hormone level (PTH) is actually appropriately high (due to the hypocalcemia). Its pathogenesis has been linked to dysfunctional G Proteins (in particular, Gs alpha subunit).GDM gestational diabetes mellitusGestational diabetes (or gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM) is a condition in which women without previously diagnosed diabetes exhibit high blood glucose levels during pregnancy.Gestational diabetes generally has few symptoms and it is most commonly diagnosedby screening during pregnancy. Diagnostic tests detect inappropriately high levels of glucose in blood samples. Gestational diabetes affects 3-10% of pregnancies, depending on the population studied. No specific cause has been identified, but it is believed that the hormones produced during pregnancy increase a woman's resistance to insulin, resulting in impaired glucose tolerance.IGT impaired glucose toleranceImpaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is a pre-diabetic state of dysglycemia that is associated with insulin resistance and increased risk of cardiovascular pathology. IGT may precede type 2 diabetes mellitus by many years. IGT is also a risk factor for mortality. According to the criteria of the World Health Organization and the American Diabetes Association, impaired glucose tolerance is defined as:two-hour glucose levels of 140 to 199 mg per dL (7.8 to 11.0 mmol) on the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. A patient is said to be under the condition of IGT when he/she has an intermediately raised glucose level after 2 hours, but less than would qualify for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thefasting glucose may be either normal or mildly elevated.IFT impaired fasting glycaemia or impaired fasting glucoseImpaired fasting glycaemia or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) refers to a condition in which the fasting blood glucose is elevated above what is considered normal levels but is not high enough to be classified as diabetes mellitus. It is considered a pre-diabetic state, associated with insulin resistance and increased risk of cardiovascular pathology, although of lesser risk than impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). IFG sometimes progresses totype 2 diabetes mellitus. There is a 50% risk over 10 years of progressing to overt diabetes. IFG has no symptoms and can often go undiagnosed for years. Although there are no symptoms, many people diagnosed with IFG are overweight. Nine out of 10 people with IFG have high blood pressure, raised cholesterol levels or a family history of the condition.MODY maturityonset diabetes mellitus in youngMaturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) refers to any of several hereditary forms of diabetes caused by mutations in an autosomal dominant gene(sex independent, i.e. inherited from any of the parents) disruptinginsulin production. MODY is often referred to as "monogenic diabetes" to distinguish it from the more common types of diabetes (especially type 1 and type 2), which involve more complex combinations of causes involving multiple genes (i.e., "polygenic")and environmental factors. MODY 2 and MODY 3 are the most common forms. The severity of the different types varies considerably, but most commonly MODY acts like a very mild version of type 1 diabetes, with continued partial insulin production and normal insulin sensitivity. MODY is not type 2 diabetes in a young person, as might erroneously be inferred from the name.DKA diabetic ketoacidosisDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication in patientswith diabetes mellitus. It happens predominantly in those with type 1 diabetes, but it can occur in those with type 2 diabetes under certain circumstances. DKA results from a shortage of insulin; in response the body switches to burning fatty acids and producing acidic ketone bodies that cause most of the symptoms and complications.DKA may be the first symptom of previously undiagnosed diabetes, but it may also occur in known diabetics due to a variety of causes, such as intercurrent illness or poor compliancewith insulin therapy. Vomiting, dehydration, deep gasping breathing, confusion and occasionally coma are typical symptoms. DKA is a medical emergency, and without treatment it can lead to death. DKA was first described in 1886; until the introduction of insulin therapy in the 1920s it was almost universally fatal. It now carries a mortality of less than 5% with adequate and timely treatment.MS metabolic syndromeMetabolic syndrome is a combination of medical disorders that increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. It affects one in five people, and prevalence increases with age. Some studies estimate theprevalence in the USA to be up to 25% of the population. Metabolic syndrome is also known as metabolic syndrome X, insulin resistance syndrome, Reaven's syndrome (named for Gerald Reaven), and CHAOS (in Australia). A similar condition in overweight horses is referred to as equine metabolic syndrome; it is unknown if they have the same etiology.CSII continuous subcutaneous insulin infusioncontinuous subcutaneous insulin infusion: the constant, continuous infusion of a short-acting insulin driven by mechanical force and delivered via a needle or soft cannula under the skin.Also known as insulin pumpESS euthyroid sick syndromeEuthyroid sick syndrome, sick euthyroid syndrome, non-thyroidal illness syndrome or low T3low T4 syndrome is a state of adaptation or dysregulation of thyrotropic feedback controlwhere the levels of T3 and/or T4 are at unusual levels, but the thyroid gland does not appear to be dysfunctional. This condition is often seen in starvation, critical illness or patients in intensive care unit.DI diabetes insipidusDiabetes insipidus (DI) is a condition characterized by excessive thirst and excretion of large amounts of severely diluted urine, with reduction of fluid intake having no effect on the latter.There are several different types of DI, each with a different cause. The most common type in humans is central DI, caused by a deficiency of arginine vasopressin (A VP), also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH). The second common type of DI is nephrogenicdiabetes insipidus, which is caused by an insensitivity of the kidneys to ADH. It can also be an iatrogenic artifactof drug use.Excessive urination and extreme thirst (especially for cold water and sometimes ice or ice water) are typical for DI. Symptoms of diabetes insipidus are quite similar to those of untreated diabetes mellitus, with the distinction that the urine does not contain glucose and there is no hyperglycemia (elevated blood glucose). Blurred vision is a rarity. Signs of dehydration may also appear in some individuals since the body cannot conserve much (if any) of the water it takes in.GO Graves ophthalmopathyGraves' ophthalmopathy (also known as thyroid eye disease(TED),dysthyroid/thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO), Graves' orbitopathy) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder affecting the orbit around the eye, characterized by upper eyelid retraction, swelling (edema), redness (erythema), conjunctivitis, and bulging eyes (proptosis). It is part of a systemic process with variable expression in the eyes, thyroid and skin, caused by autoantibodies that bind to tissues in those organs, and generally occurs with hyperthyroidism. The most common form of hyperthyroidism is Graves' disease. About 10% of cases do not have Graves' disease, but do have autoantibodies.The autoantibodies target the fibroblasts in the eye muscles, and those fibroblasts can differentiate into fat cells (adipocytes). Fat cells and muscles expand and become inflamed. Veins become compressed, and are unable to drain fluid, causing edema.DIDMOAD diabetes insipidus-diabetes mellitus-opticatrophy-deafness=Wolfram syndromWolfram syndrome is the association of juvenile onset diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy, also known as DIDMOAD (Diabetes Insipidus, Diabetes Mellitus, Optic Atrophy, and Deafness). Patients present with diabetes mellitus followed by optic atrophy in the first decade, cranial diabetes insipidus and sensorineural deafness in the second decade, dilated renal outflow tracts early in the third decade, and multiple neurological abnormalities early in the fourth decade. Other abnormalities include primary gonadal atrophy. Death occurs prematurely, often from respiratory failure associated with brainstem atrophy. Most patients eventually develop all complications of this progressive, neurodegenerative disorder. The pathogenesis is unknown.。
2023年6月英语六级真题及参考答案
2023年6月英语六级真题及参考答案六级试卷采用多题多卷形式，大家核对答案时，找准具体选项内容，忽略套数！网络综合版：听力第一套Conversation OneM: Hi Lily, how's the new apartment?W: It's okay.M:What? How can it be just okaywhen last week you were thrilledabout the place and keptnosting photos of it online?W:Well,【1】last week whenfmoved in, the apartment seemed cozy, justthe right size forone person. But nowit just seems tiny, shabby and solitary.M: Al that's the problem. You missyour roommates from university,don't you?W: I'm going to sound like G idiot【2】because Iused to complain to youall the time about how crowded ourdormitory room was, and about allthe things they did to irritate me, likewatching movies late at night withoutheadphones, or talking loudly early inthe morning. But now Imiss themterribly.M: Of course you do. That's perfectlynormal. When I got my first place,Iremember thinking I could ti wait tolive by myself and get away from myjuvenile roommates and all their annoyipghabits.【3】But then began issing them and feelinglonely and thinking that our dormitory was like paradise. Even though there were six of us guys inone small room.W: I thought it was just m who reltlike thiat.M: Look, you lived at home with us.And then you had three roommates.And this is your first time living alone.So i hard But your first apartmentis a milestone in your life. And youshould celebrate it. Tell me about theapartment.W: Actuaily, it's not bad. In fact, it'spretty adorable. Now that I have decorated it and it has et rjthing Ineed. I have a kitchen to cook in thebathroom al! to myself.And then anothes room with my bed at one endand the sofa, a small table and chairsat the C herend.M: That does sound adorable, and【4】Ican't wait to see it. And neither canmom and dad.Question 1: What was the woman'sfirst impression of the apartment?Question 2: Why does the womansay she's going to sound like an idiot?Question 3: What do we learn about the man when he left thedormitory to live on his own?Question 4: What is the man say hecan't wait to do.W: Welcome to our program book talk. Q5.ourgyest today is FrankJonesiditicbf our education system and the author of new book,How to reform our universitres.M: Hello, Susan.W: Frank, you support radicallychanging universities in America. Yes.Q6.I believe that the purpose of highereduad grefo prepare young peopleto enter the workforce and that ourcurrent system fails to do this, We'reallocating too many resou disciplines that don't match the needsof employers.W: I think your attitude to education isa bit cynical Frank. Surely the purpose of university is to prepareyoung people to participate fully incivic life rather than just to find wellpaid jobs.M: Susan, many young graduates struggle to find any job let alone agood one. The job markcisgrim.Particulaniior students who studythe arts. I agree that it isn't easy foryoungr gegple to find work, but youpropose closing down alt departments that aren't directlyrelated to science and technology. Isthat really the solution?M: You're overstating my paint. Q7.My argument is that we need it use moer of our budget on areas like science and engineering. To do that, we needto take money from subjects likeliterature and musicW: Q8,But the arts have value. They'rean important part of our culture.studying literature or music or sculpture might not result in a job inthatae But it helps young people tothink about the world in a.deeperway, which makes them b citizens and makes fora better society.M:l agree that the arts are valuable tosociety, but it's naive to think that notonly tk miost talented, but allstudents should study them at university level. The odds are verycompetitive, and most graduates willend up with a great deal of debt,obtaining a degree that has littlevalue on the job market.Question 5. What do we learn from theconversation about the man?Question 6. What does the manbelieve is the problem with the current American System of Higher Education?Question 7. How should the educationbudget be allocated according to theman?Question 8. What does the woman saythe arts can do?Passage OneDo you ever have the annoying feetingthat you don't have time to really thinkanymore? You're not alone.【Q9】A variet dtdrs have conspired to robus of time for reflectionourselves and our lives.preoccupied minds are rarely Silent.The average person receives hundredsof texts and voice messages a day. Andholidays for many of us are action-packed weeks more likely full of familyactivities than opportunities fortranquility and contemplation.【Q10】Regular reflection,howe,underlies all great professionals. It's a prerequisite for you to recharge yourmental batteries. See things in a newlight and tap into your creativity.Almost all of the great advisors that Ihave studied have found ways to getaway from it all and contemplate theirlife and work. Some researchers in thefield of creativity, in fact, believe thatinsight occurs during the reflection and relaxation that follows aCeriod of intense actvity.Schedule your time for reflection aboutyourwork ora particular proiect you're engaged in. I usually biock outhalf an hour. Don't answer the phone.Push your papers to the side. Sketch,make lists, draw mind maps of ideasthat come to you. At the end, write down any emerging ideas.When you're alone, stop worrying andthink. A lot of our downtime is spentworrying about troublesc ne thihgs inour lives or fantasizing aboat how we'dlike our lives to be.【Q11】Revisitthings during moments of relaxationafter a periodnof intense work. This iswhenwe are the most creative.Question 9 What do we learn about thefeeling that one doesn't heeitime tothink anymore?Questica 10 What trait do all greatprofessionals share?Question 11 What is some researchersbelieve is conducive to creative ideas?Passage Twohad post offices The first opened in 1859 in asettlement founded by migrants searching for gold,Life could be unpredictable outwest. Gold failed to appear. Drought ruinedfarmers, and settlers clashed with_NativeAmericans.On the settlement's location now stands asprawling University campus. Amid all thechanges, one feature remained constant: thepostal service. The maps tracing America'swestward expansion are telling in 1864 therewere few postat branches on land controlledby Native Americans, which still accountedfor most of the West. Over the next 25 years,post offices grew quickly. Colonization'of theWest could be regarded as a result of biggovernment rather than pioneers.【13】Asfederal subsidies and land grants temptedpeople into the deserts and plains, the postkept them connected.In the mid-19th century, the Post OfficeDepartment was far from a centralizedbureaucracy. To keep up with migrationpatterns, postal services were added toexisting businesses.【14】The federal government commissioned private wagons themail. Short term contracts were granted tolocal businessman to act as postmasters.These partnerships enabled the mail to quickly followmigrants helping knit togetherremote parts of the country.Mr. Bellavance, a digital historian, wrote abook on the history of the US postal service.【15】He used the data science to analyzehistorical trends, Most strikingly he built anaccompanying website, complekw;Tinteractive maps.They show readers-howwithin a generation the postal service helpedcolonize a continent. These online interactivemaps illustrate the formative power of snailmail.Q12 What does the passage say AboutColorado before it became a state?Q13 How did the postal service contribute toAmerica's westward expansion?Q14 What did the federal government:do tomeet the increasing demand for the postalservice in the West?Q15 What did Mr. Bellavance do to study thehistory of the US postal service?听力演讲1In last week's lecture, we discussed reasons whypeople forget things. This week we will discuss asurprising reason why we might remember somethings, anxiety. Think about something as simple asbuying a coffee. That may not seem like an experience that would make a deep impression onyour memory. But anxiety could change that. Q16.In fact, a new study suggests that people withhigher anxiety levels might remembertertain information better than people with lower anxietylevels.That's because higher levels of anxiety may makepeople moresusceptible to negative feelings,putting them in a more negative state of mind. Thatin turn, may make them able to better remembersome events. Let's take a closer look at that newstudy now. Q17. In this study, tseardhersstarted by giving 80 undergraduate students ananxiety test. The test measure the participantsanxiety levels over the proceeding two weeks.Then, to test memory, the participants were showna series of neutral words one at a time. Some of thewords were printed onto photos of negative scenes,meaning images that could affect their emotionsnegatively, such as a photo of a car accident, or acemetery. The rest of the words were printed ontophotos of neutral scenes, such as a photo of a lakeor trees. Neutral words included words like table ordesk that don't elicit emotion.Later, the participants were asked to think back tothe words they were shown earlier, which causedthem to reenter either a negative or neutral mindset. The participants were then presented withanother set of neutral words, and their memory ofthese new words was tested.The researchers found that the new words presented to people in a negative mindset werebetter remembered by people with higher levels ofanxiety than those with lower levels of anxiety.In other words, when highly anxious individualstook in otherwise emotionally neutral informationthat was presented to them, it became colored bytheir negative mindset, making them remember theinformation better. But these same effects were notseen in people with low levels of anxiety.Q18. Previous studies havefound that extremeevels of anxiety such as those experienced bypeople diagnosed with an anxiety disorder can bequite detrimentalto memory and cognitive performan But the highly anxious people in thisstudy represent individuals who are managing theiranxiety and for whom anxiety is not. a seriousproblem.Question 16. What does the speaker say the newstudy suggests?Question 17. What did researchers do first in thenew study?Question 18. What do we learn from previousstudies aboutlanxiety?Over the past 20 years, the u ternet hasgradually become a dominant featureof our lives. It has changed how wecommunicate with each other. And ithas definitely transformed the way wedo business with each other:Marketinghas also changed in a number of ways.For instance, in the past, consumershad to call a phone number and patiently wait on hold in order to getthe information they wanted.[Q19]Today, they want the informationimmediately. They'll go to the company's sociaLmediapdc nifostcomments and questions expecting toreceive an immediate response. Iftheydon't get their questions answeredsoon they'll move on to anothercompany that will answer themquickly.Marketing departments today need tofollow technological development. Forexample, this year smartphone issmarter than last years. s fariving cars are now on the road. Marketershave to do research on which techncingies:are coming into bsing,otherwise, they risk being leit behindin the virtual dust.Marketing has also changed due to theimportance of video. People don't justwant to read text. They walt to watchthings happening. Companies now have to explore how they can use videoon a consistent basis to share information about their sinesses.Fortunately, it's extremely easy to shoot something these days. All youneed is a smartphone.But what's the result of all this? Shorteraitention spans? We aren't the samepeople that we were 20 yedi ago. Notonly have we grown accustomed togetting the information we want instantaneously, our attention spansare much shorter. If something doesn'tcaptulc ourattention within a fewseconds. We're on to the next piece ofcontent.[Q20]Marketers need to figureout ways to speak directly to the customer's emotions and they need tofigure out how to do that as quickly aspossible. Once people are emotionallyengaged, they'll stick with you.If marketingi has changed this much inthe past 20 years, imagine what thenext 20 years will bring li ai recentsurvey, only 9% of marketers could saywith confidence that their marketingefforts were actually working. Theirconfidence is being shaken becausethe rules of the game change everyyear. That's why [Q21]it'simportant for marketers to pay attention to the latest technological devel and consider collaborating with technological innovators. That way,they'll be moving at thesame pace asthe tech industry.Question 19 What does the speaker sayabout today's consumers?Question 20 How do marketers captureconsumers'attention as quickly aspossible?Question 21 What does the speakersuggest marketers do to meet futurechalletes?演讲3You might be surprised to learn that [Q22] thebenefits offriendships extend beyond people's sociallifeand into their work, which is interestingwhen cd lili the extent to which peoplesacrifice friendships, or at least the time they spendwith friends because of the exte edihairsthey'redevoting to work. Just last week, rwas remarking toa colleague that I'm content with only one socialengagement per week. But according to recentresearch, that's evidently not enough.In an initial study of more than 700 respondents,scholars from an American university [Q23] analyzethe imrf thst:fiends as opposed to family haveon sel dem Jahd well-being. Friends came outsubstantially on top. That's because to be someone's mate is a voluntary act. Unlike familywho people rarely get to choose. The researchersfound that when people choose to cultivate andmaintain supportive friendships with an individual,it means that the person is valued and worthy oftheir limited time. Such sentiments of value andworthiness boost our self-esteem.The second study comprised more than 300 participants. It proved that the better we feel aboutourselves, the more likely we will perform our jobconfidently and competently. This follow-up studyfound that [Q24] non-work friends even improvedpeople's job satisfaction. They have as much of animpact on how much they love their jobs, as do thefriends they have at work, despite not actuallybeing at our place of work. These types of friendstend to be our preferred outlet fo nni aboutwork-related mattersyThis is an avenue that maynot be available at the office.So even though friendships can be easy to neglectwhen confronted-by pressures at work, or evenpressures at home, neglecting our friends can turnout to be harmful and counterproductive. That'swhy when determining how to create a better work-life balance, we need to consider not only how tobalance work and family demands, but also how tocultivate and sustain supportive friendships. It's for employees for flexible work arrangements. It'sirrelevant whether their need for a desired scheduleis due to say, parenting responsibilities, or a craving to hang out with their best mate. Whatmatters is the opportunity to engage in a nourishingactiyity outside of work. That will definitely have afollow-on effect at work.Q 22 What does the speaker say is interesting?Q 23 What did researchers from an Americanuniversity analyze in their initial study?Q 24 What did the second study find aboutmon-work friends?Q 25 What does the speaker suggest managers do?参考答案：1.A) She is drawn to its integration of design andengineering.2.D) Through hard work.3.C) It is long-lasting.4.A) Computer science.5.B) He is well known to the public.6.D) Serve as a personatassistant.7.D) He has little previous work experience.8.C) He has a high proficiency in several languages.9.A) They have fewer rules and pressures.10.D) They deprive kids of the opportunity todevelop team spirit.11.C) Let them participate in some less risky outdooractivities.12.B) Tech firms intentionally design products tohave short lifespans.13.C) List a repairability score of their product.14.D) Take the initintive to reduce electronic waste.15.A) It can be solved.16.B) How to prevent employees from cyberloafing.17.C) Cyberloafing may relieve employees of stress.18.A) Taking mini-breaks means better jobperfontance.19.D) There were no trees.20.B) He founded a newspaper and used it topromote his ideas.21.B) The state government declared it the officialArbor Day.22.B)They moved ou of Africa about 60,000 yearsago.23.D) The discovery of two modern human teeth inChina.24.A) There must have been some reason for humanmigration.25.D) What path modern humans took to migrateout of America.听力第二套参考答案：作文：心理健康Mental well-being is regarded as a state of health where a person is able to address normal stresses in daily life. Recently,this state has been grasped as much attention as physical health.Obviously, there are several factors that affect people's mental well-being. Firstly, a strong contributor to mental well-being refers to the state of a person's usual environ-ment. Adverse environmental circumstances can lea negative effects on psychological wellness. Livingin a positive social environment, in contrast, can provide protection against mental challenges. Secondly, people's lifestyle can also impact their mental health. Smoking, a poor diet, alcohol con-sumption, substance use, and risky sexual behavior may result in psychological harm. Smoking, a poor diet, alcohol consump-tion, substance use, and risky sexual behavior may result in psychological harm. Worse, such behaviors have been linked to depression.In conclusion, because mental health is so important to general wellness, it's important that you take care of your mental health. Talking therapy, meditation and maintaining a positive outlook on life all contribute to people mental health. With a positive mental state, all areas of life will go towards active de-velopment.友好的讨论When faced with differing opinions, we should try to reach agreement through friendly discussion and reasonable argu-ment. In our daily life, it is common to see college students struggling with a polite and logical way when their views differ from others'. Apparently, this issue has sparked public con-cerns.Friendly discussion allows individuals to share their perspec-tives and opinions in a respectful manner. This can lead to a better understanding of each other's viewpoints and poten-tially even finding common ground. In addition, reasonable ar-gument allows individuals to present evidence and logic to sup-port their position, which can help persuade others to see their point of view. However, it is important to note that not all disagreements can be resolved through discussion and argu-ment alone. In some cases, compromise may be necessary to reach a resolution that satisfies all parties involved.To sum up, friendly discussion and reasonable argument, to a large extent, are of great use. We should be open-minded and engaged in such practices.教育的目标Education has played an increasingly crucial role in modern so-ciety. We aim education on different levels at cultivating the to-be successors of our global village. One important goal that education is trying to achieve is help students master the ways to acquire knowledge.Of all the capabilities one can develop to acquire knowledge in being educated, three sorts are of the greatest significance.First of all, students who are receiving education definitely know that they are always ignorant of some branches in th eocean of knowledge, which can keep them modest and more willing to explore their unfamiliar realms, even deeper if they've already done so. Moreover, students can imitate what their teachers or professors do in or our of class and then gradually acquire the ability to undertake more scientific re-search and intellectual inquiries alone. Last but not least,youngsters who are accustomed to being educated at school or college are more likely to keep studying as a life-long habit,which will have a substantially positive effect on their own life and the future of the human world.In my perspective, education is one of the most marvelous social inventions that ever existed in human history. Without it, the whole globe can never continue developing further in a civilized and prosperous direction.星火英语版：听力部分（共2套）第一套1.B) It was warm and comfortable.2.B) She misses her roommates she used to complain about.3.C) He had a similar feeling to the woman's.4.A) Go to see the woman's apartment.5.D) He has published a book recently.6.C) It has not prepared young people for the job market.7.A) More of the budget should go to science and technology.8.D) Cultivate better citizens.9. A) It is quite common.10. B) Engaging in regular contemplation.11. D) Reflecting during ones relaxation.12. C) There existed post offices.13. D) It kept people in the deserts and plains connected.14. B) It commissioned private wagons to carry the mail.15. C) He examined its historical trends with data science.16. A) Higher levels of anxiety may improve people's memory.17）C) They measured the participants' anxiety levels.18.B) Extreme levels of anxiety can adversely affect cognitive performance.19. D) They expect to get instantaneous responses to their inquiry.20. C) Speaking directly to their emotions.21. B) Keep up with the latest technological developments.22. D) Friendships benefit work.23. A) The impact of friends on people's self-esteem.24. D) They increase people's job satisfaction.25. A) Allow employees to have a flexible work schedule.第二套1. A) She is drawn to its integration of design and engineering.2.D) Through hard work.3.C) It is long-lasting.4.A) Computer science.5.B) He is well known to the public.6.D) Serve as a personal assistant.7.D) He has little previous work experience.8.C) He has a high proficiency in several languages.9.A) They have fewer rules and pressures.10.D) They deprive kids of the opportunity to develop team spirit.11 C) Let them participate in some less risky outdoor activities.12. B) Tech firms intentionally design products to have short lifespans.13. C) List a repairability score of their product.14. D) Take the initintive to reduce electronic waste.15. A) It can be solved.16.B) How to prevent employees from cyberloafing.17.C) Cyberloafing may relieve employees of stress.18. A) Taking mini-breaks means better job perfontance.19.D) There were no trees.20.B) He founded a newspaper and used it to promote his ideas.21.B) The state government declared it the official Arbor Day.22.B）They moved ou of Africa about 60,000 years ago.23.D) The discovery of two modern human teeth in China.24.A) There must have been some reason for human migration.25.D) What path modern humans took to migrate out of America.翻译部分（共3套）1.中国文化出口近年来，越来越多的中国文化产品走向全球市场，日益受到海外消费者的青睐。
上海市虹口区2020届高三二模考试英语试题 Word版含解析
2020届上海市虹口区高考二模英语试题Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How Can You Look Your Best in Photos?Have you ever seen a picture of yourself and felt embarrassed by what you saw? Actually, it’s really all ___1___ (tie) to how we respond to the camera. With the following tips, you’re sure to look your best.No. 1 Study Photos of YourselfThe first step in simple: learn from the past. You need to know how you look in photos before you can improve. Gather some old pictures together, ___2___ they make you ashamed a little. Now look over how your body is placed in the pictures and think for a while. ___3___ (analyze) all these old photos, you can find a few natural poses you can use in the future.No. 2 Practice in Front of a MirrorNow that what works for you in photos ___4___ (figure) out, start using what you’ve learned from your old pictures, practicing in front of mirror. Work on your favorites and you’ll be able to mentally pick out a pose in the future — ___5___ a mirror.One thing that goes great with a nice pose is a matching smile, so try out several smile until you find one that fits. You should consider ___6___ a closed or an open-mouthed smile looks better.No. 3 Say “Money”We’re used to saying “Cheese”, but this only creat es a fake smile. Abandon the cheese and try out the word “Money” instead. The ending ‘ey’ is the very sound ___7___ forces the corners of your mouth upward and creates a fold around your eyes. The result is a more natural, realistic smile. Another great trick to preventa too-wide smile ___8___ (happen) is placing your tongue on the back of your front teeth.No. 4 Choose the Right LightingGetting some sunny photos on a bright day makes you look good a pictures. But in reality, the sun can often create unpleasant shadows that are ___9___ but attractive.Standing right under an indoor light will have the same effect as the sun, which is also worthy ____10____ (mention), story a source of natural light instead, such as a window.【答案】1. tied2. even if / even though3. Having analyzed4. has been figured5. without6. whether7. that 8. happening9. anything10. to be mentioned【解析】这是一篇说明文。
2022-2023学年福建省莆田华侨中学高二下学期5月月考英语试题
2022-2023学年福建省莆田华侨中学高二下学期5月月考英语试题1. POETRY CHALLENGEWrite a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.Prizes3 Grand Prizes:Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.6 First Prizes:The book Sky Pioneer:A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.50 Honorable Mentions:Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of E arhart’s final flight.RulesFollow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper. ■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date.■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.1. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip?A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Six.2. What will each of the honorable mention winners get?A．A plane ticket. B．A book by Corinne Szabo.C．A special T-shirt. D．A photo of Amelia Earhart.3. Which of the following will result in disqualification?A．Typing your poem out. B．Writing a poem of 120 words.C．Using both sides of the paper. D．Mailing your entry on October 30.2. It was a very hot day in late summer. I was a young dad working in a local wood mill. It was dangerous, back-breaking work that paid very little. In the year I had worked there only four other people hadn't quit and been replaced with new faces. Those of us who stayed did so only because there was no other work to find to support our families.On this day the fans weren't working and all of us were covered in sweat and sawdust. When I looked around every face I saw looked angry and frustrated. Suddenly,a voice called out:“Hey! There's a deer in here.” A lost little doe had wandered through the open loading bay doors and was now cowering(蜷缩）in between the huge stacks of wood. All of us stopped working and went looking for her as she ran about looking for a way out.Now most people where I live hunt deer for meat in the fall, but also treat them with great kindness the rest of the year. Many will even buy 50lb bags of corn to help feed them during the harsh winter months. It was no surprise then that all of us were soon quickly working together to free this little doe. By blocking off all the other routes we were able to guide her panic search back to the open bay doors. We watched as she jumped out of the building and back into the woods. Then we walked back in to work. I noticed something, though. On every face there was a joyful smile. It was as if this one single act of kindness had energized us again and reminded us of what life is all about.1. Why were few people willing to work in the wood mill?A．They wanted more freedom.B．They didn't like the boss.C．The pay and conditions were bad.D．They wanted more pleasure.2. What can be inferred from paragraph 2?A．The workers often saw a deer there.B．The deer was a light to the dull work.C．The deer was trapped in a big well.D．All the workers wanted to catch the deer.3. How did the men free the deer in the end?A．By opening one route.B．By dropping some food.C．By using familiar signals.D．By imitating another deer.4. Which of the following best describes the workers?A．Bad-tempered but patient.B．Hard-working and loving.C．Cautious and courageous.D．Bad-tempered and demanding.3. People who have kids live longer than those who remain childless, an academic study has suggested. Researchers believe it is because adults’ immune systems are “refreshed” when kids go to nursery and start picking up infections.During the course of someone’s life, their immune system can become weaker. But when kids start bringing infections home, their parents’ immune systems get a workout. Non-parents — unless they are teachers or nurses perhaps — do not get the same exposure to infection.Writing in the journal Scientific Reports, Miguel Portela said parents had less risk of dying from infection than non-parents and if they did, it was about five years later. He said that “a parent’s immune system is refreshed by a child’s infections at a time when their own protection starts wearing thin.” He added, “With this improved immune system, the parent has a better chance to defend whatever infections that might strike when old and weak and parenthood is rewarded in individual terms through an improved immunization against infe ctions.” Naturally there are other reasons why some people live longer than others, but they may not be comparable with becoming a parent. The academics say that high income and house ownership are always associated with higher survival but less so than having children.Mr. Portela admits the research is far from complete, saying that while the results “record a relationship between the presence of children and death rate, the specific transmission mechanisms remain unclear. He acknowledges the presence of other, perhaps behavioral factors in parents which result in changed death rate compared to individuals without children.” He adds, “While the relationships of lifestyle choices such as smoking, obesity, drinking and other behavioral factors with life expectancy and causes of death are well studied and understood, the same cannot be said for the individual decision to become a parent”.1. Why did Mr. Portela say “parents had less risk of dying from infection than non-parents”?A．Parents have healthier lifestyles.B．Parents have less exposure to infection.C．Parents have higher ability to fight against infections.D．Parents have less experience to fight against infections.2. How are parents protected against infections?A．By being exposed to their kids’ infection. B．By working out with their kids.C．By refreshing their kids’ life.D．By strengthening their kids’ infection.3. What can we infer from the research?A．Rich life benefits parents more than having children.B．Lack of sleep has nothing to do with life expectancy.C．The presence of children can improve parents’ healthD．Behavioral factors contribute to higher death rate than having no children.4. What’s the best title for the passage?A．Parents and Non-parents B．How to Achieve Longer Life Expectancy?C．How Is Parents’ Immune Systems Changed? D．Children’s Effect on Parents’ Immune System4. Not long ago, no one understood that infectious diseases were caused by tiny organisms that moved from person to person. Even now, although we know that tiny living microbes cause disease, how they do so is not always obvious. 1 They can also be transmitted through our skin through insect or animal bites. The best way to prevent infections is to block pathogens(病菌)from entering the body.The first line of defense is to keep germs at bay by following good personal health habits. Wash your hands well. You probably wash your hands after using the bathroom, before preparing or eating food, and after gardening or other dirty tasks. 2 Wet your hands thoroughly. Lather(泡沫)up with soap or cleanser, and rub it into the palms and backs of your hands and your wrists. Be sure to clean your fingertips, under your nails and between your fingers. Wash under running water. 3Whether you are young or young at heart, getting vaccinated(接种疫苗)is an essential part of staying healthy. 4 such as a temporarily sore arm or low fever, they are generally safe and effective. Vaccinations are essential if you are to avoid getting sick. In general, children should receive the recommended childhood vaccinations. Adults should make sure their vaccinations are up to date. When traveling abroad, check with your health care provider about additional immunizations(免疫).5 Stay clear of wild animals. Many wild animals, including bats, foxes and coyotes, can spread the virus to humans by biting. Keep your pets away from wild animals, too. Dogs, cats or any other type of warm-blooded animal can pick up the virus and pass the virus along to people.5. In high school Norman Greenstein was a productive doodler (涂鸦手), and created lots of paintings. When he ________ his works to his teach er, the teacher responded, “The problem with modern art is that you can ________ on a canvas (画布) and call it art.” Norman felt so disappointed, but he ________ parted with art over the years.After his ________, Norman spared no efforts to ________ his wife and three children with devotion. Although life was sometimes hard for him, it didn’t ruin his ________ for creativeexpression. After being diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease, the 65-year-old social worker, decided to turn his ________ diagnosis into a positive opportunity to ________ a lifelong dream.With the help of his son, Norman was able to start a ________ involving his whole family , in order to make his own works ________ by all people around him, as well as his ________ experience of fighting against Parkinson’s disease.In 2021, an online ________ was launched to feature the colorful canvases and he also ________ a memoir (回忆录) called Spit on a Canvas: the Journey of the Parkinson’s Painter. Meanwhile, Norman began selling his first paintings, with galleries exhibiting his works. The team isalso________ releasing Norman’s first digital NFT art collection. 20% of the ________ has been donated to two Parkinson’s research foundations.1.A．assigned B．offered C．conveyed D．showed2.A．set B．spit C．sneeze D．skip3.A．still B．occasionally C．never D．frequently4.A．retirement B．exhibition C．graduation D．marriage5.A．support B．respect C．provide D．share6.A．calling B．praying C．longing D．waiting7.A．unbelievable B．dark C．embarrassing D．unsolved8.A．release B．refresh C．realize D．restore9.A．project B．request C．competition D．reform10.A．spotted B．recommended C．developed D．regarded11.A．thorough B．tough C．upset D．stressful12.A．drama B．contest C．programme D．gallery13.A．published B．copied C．revised D．examined14.A．ending with B．working on C．relying on D．paying for15.A．salary B．reward C．sale D．allowance6. 语篇填空It is hard to give a precise definition 1 Western art. Perhaps the best way 2 (understand) Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries. During the Middle Ages, artists were not interested in 3 (paint) realistic scenes. This began to change in the 13th centurywith Giotto di Bondone, whose paintings 4 (show) real people in a real environment. Next camethe Renaissance, when new ideas and values gradually replaced old 5 (one) from the Middle Ages. Painters adopted a 6 (humanistic) attitude to life, using perspective and oil paints. The emphasis 7 (increasing) shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us. After the invention of photography, paintings were no longer needed 8 (preserve) what people and the world looked like. As a result, Impressionism emerged in France. The name of this new movement came from 9 painting by Claude Monet called Impression, Sunrise. In this work, Monet’s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene. Picasso, one of the painters of Modern Art, tried to analyse the shapes 10 existed in the natural world but in a new way,with Cubism.7. 火车抵达后，她们乘坐出租车来到路易斯湖，那里湛蓝的湖水异常美丽，令她们惊叹不已。
2023北京高三一模英语汇编：阅读理解C篇
2023北京高三一模英语汇编阅读理解C篇一、阅读理解（2023·北京东城·统考一模）Many people have participated into lots of virtual meetings these years. Some research shows this adjustment might not impact workplace productivity to any great degree. A new study, though, suggests otherwise.In the study, 602 participants were randomly paired and asked to come up with creative uses for a product. They were also randomly selected to work together either in person or virtually. The pairs were then ranked by assessing their total number of ideas, as well as those concepts’ degree of novelty, and asked to submit their best idea. Among the groups, virtual pairs came up with significantly fewer ideas, suggesting that something about face-to-face interaction generates more creative ideas. The findings could stiffen employers’ resolve to urge or require their employees to come back to the office.“We ran this experiment based on feedback from companies that it was harder to innovate with remote workers,” said lead researcher Melanie Brucks. “Unlike other forms of virtual communication, like phone calls or e-mail, videoconferencing copies the in-person experience quite well, so I was surprised when we found meaningful differences between in-person and video interaction for idea generation. ”When random objects were placed in both the virtual and physical rooms, the virtual pairs of participants spent more time looking directly at each other rather than letting their look wander about the room and taking in the entire scene. Eyeing one’s whole environment and noticing the random objects were associated with increased idea generation. On platforms, the screen occupies our interactions. Our look wavers less. “Looking away might come across as rude, ” said Brucks,“so we have to look at the screen because that is the defined context of the interaction, the same way we wouldn’t walk to another room while talking to someone in person. ”Like most educators, Brucks has primarily taught virtually in the past three years, and she did notice some benefits of the approach as well. Her students were more likely to take turns speaking and her shyer students spoke up more often, rid of the anxiety that comes from addressing a large classroom. Brucks found that one solution to improving virtual idea generation might be to simply turn off the camera, for her students felt “freer” and more creative when asked to do so. And this may be sound advice for the workplace.Virtual teamwork can’t replace face-to-face teamwork. Idea selection proficiency (能力) is only valuable if you have strong options to select from, and face-to-face teams are the best means to generate winning options. Perhaps the workplace will find a compromise—a sweet spot in the middle that balances working from both home and office.1．What does the underlined word “stiffen” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A．Shake.B．Revise.C．Challenge.D．Strengthen.2．At first, lead researcher Melanie Brucks might think that ________.A．videoconferencing can’t compare with in-person communicationB．participants should make eye contact in an online meetingC．the feedback from companies seems questionableD．creative ideas may emerge from casual thoughts3．What can we learn about Brucks’ class?A．Her students relieved anxiety by speaking up.B．Her students progressed in focusing attention.C．Her students took advantage of virtual learning.D．Her students displayed talent for public speaking. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A．Interacting Virtually Impacts Working Participation B．Maintaining Teamwork Improves Idea Generation C．Grouping Randomly Increases Productivity D．Brainstorming Online Limits Creativity （2023·北京西城·统考一模）Imagine a simple blood test that could flag most kinds of cancers at the earliest, most curable stage. Liquid biopsies could, in theory, detect a tumor (肿瘤) well before it could be found by touch, symptoms or imaging. Blood tests could avoid the need for surgeons to cut tissue samples and make it possible to reveal cancer hiding in places needles and scalpels cannot safely reach. They could also determine what type of cancer is taking root to help doctors decide what treatment might work best to destroy it.Liquid biopsies are not yet in hand, because it is hard to find definitive cancer signals in a tube of blood, but progress in recent years has been impressive. Last year the journal Science published the first big prospective study of a liquid biopsy for DNA and proteins from multiple types of cancers. Though far from perfect, the blood test called CancerSEEK found 26 tumors that had not been discovered with conventional screenings.Liquid biopsies can rely on a variety of biomarkers in addition to tumor DNA and proteins, such as free-floating cancer cells themselves. But what makes the search difficult, Ana Robles, a cancer biologist of the National Cancer Institute, explains, is that “if you have an early-stage cancer or certain types of cancer, there might not be a lot of tumor DNA,” and tests might miss it. The ideal blood test will be both very specific and very sensitive so that even tiny tumors can be found. To tackle this challenge, CancerSEEK looks for cancer-specific mutations (突变) on 16 genes, and for eight proteins that are linked to cancer and for which there are highly sensitive tests.Simple detection is not the only goal. An ideal liquid biopsy will also determine the likely location of the cancer so that it can be treated. “Mutations are often shared among different kinds of cancer, so if you find them in blood, you don’t know if that mutation is coming from a stomach cancer or lung cancer,” says Anirban Maitra, a cancer scientist at the Anderson Cancer Center. To solve that problem, some newer liquid biopsies look for changes in gene expression. Such changes, Maitra notes, are “more organ-specific”.On the nearer horizon are liquid biopsies to help people already diagnosed with cancer. Last year the government approved the first two such tests, which scan for tumor DNA so doctors can select mutation-targeted drugs. Scientists are working on blood tests to detect the first signs of cancer recurrence (复发) in patients who have completed treatment. This work is moving fast, but does it save lives?That is the question companies such as Thrive and Grail must answer for their broadly ambitious screening tests. “These companies have to prove that they can detect early cancer and, more important, that the early detection can have an impact on cancer survival,” Maitra observes.5．According to the passage, liquid biopsies are expected toA．flag cancer and determine the treatmentB．detect cancer signals from a sample of bloodC．take images of tumors and prevent potential cancersD．show types of cancer by measuring the amount of proteins6．What can we learn from the passage?A．Signs of cancer recurrence are not detectable.B．Different kinds of cancer have different gene mutations.C．Biomarkers are much more reliable than tumor DNA and proteins.D．Organ-specific cancers will be identified through changes in gene expression.7．The author is mostly concerned about whether .A．liquid biopsies can discover tumors conventional screenings can’t findB．liquid biopsies can improve the application of mutation-targeted drugsC．liquid biopsies can help save the lives of those with cancerD．liquid biopsies can be developed for cancer prevention（2023·北京海淀·统考一模）To a chef, the sounds of lip smacking, slurping and sallwing are the highest form of fltery (恭维). But to someone with a certain type of misophonia (恐音症), these same sounds can be torturous. Brain scans are now helping scientists start to understand why.People with misophonia experience strong discomfort, annoyance or disgust when they hear particular triggers. These can include chewing, swallowing, slurping, throat clearing, coughing and even audible breathing. Researchers previously thought this reaction might be caused by the brain overactively processing certain sounds. Now, however, a new study published in Journal of Neuroscience has linked some forms of misophonia to heightened “mirroring” behavior in the brain: those affected feel distress while their brains act as if they were imitating the triggering mouth movements."This is the first breakthrough in misophonia research in 25 years, " says psychologist Jennifer J. Brout, who directs the International Misophonia Research Network and was not involved in the new study.The research team, led by Newcastle University neuroscientist Sukhbinder Kumar, analyzed brain activity in people with and without misophonia when they were at rest and while they listened to sounds. These included misophonia triggers (such as chewing), generally unpleasant sounds (like a crying baby), and neutral sounds. The brain's auditory (听觉的) cortex, which processes sound, reacted similarly in subjects with and without misophonia. But in both the resting state and listening trials, people with misophonia showed stronger connections between the auditory cortex and brain regions that control movements of the face, mouth and throat, while the controlled group didn't. Kumar found this connection became most active in participants with misophonia when they heard triggers specific to the condition.“Just by listening to the sound, they activate the motor cortex more strongly. So in a way it was as if they were doing the action themselves,” Kumar says. Some mirroring is typical in most humans when witnessing others' actions; the researchers do not yet know why an excessive (过分的) mirroring response might cause such a negative reaction, and hope to address that in future research. “Possibilities include a sense of loss of control, invasion of personal space, or interference with current goals and actions, " the study authors write.Fatima Husain, an llinois University professor of speech and hearing science, who was not involved in the study, says potential misophonia therapies could build on the new findings by counseling patients about handling unconscious motor responses to triggering sounds- not just coping with the sounds themselves. If this works, sheadds, one should expect to see reduced connected activity between the auditory and motor cortices.8. It can be learnt from the new study that .A. misophonia sufferers can't help imitating the triggersB. people with misophonia are more likely to flatter chefsC. the brains of people with misophonia overreact to sounds stronglyD. misophonia sufferers tend to have similar annoying activities in their brains9. Compared with people without misophonia, people with misophonia .A. suffer less severely at the resting stateB. own markedly different brain structuresC. react more negatively at a mirroring responseD. lose control of their facial movements easily10. What might be the significance of the study?A. Improving speech and hearing science.B. Developing a treatment for misophonia.C. Drawing people's attention to misophonia.D. Promoting human brain structure research.（2023·北京朝阳·统考一模）Clown fish live their adult lives in the protective arms of sea anemones, the small brightly colored sea animals attached onto rocks to house clown fish. Between birth and adulthood, however, the fish have to complete a treacherous journey. After hatching, they swim out to the open sea to finish developing. After maturing, the young fish swim back, during which they have to avoid a “wall of mouths” by sensing the unfriendly smells. With ocean acidification, a trend that is occurring worldwide, scientists began to wonder what might happen to fish’s sense of smell.My team put 300 recently hatched clown fish in our lab. When we introduced a friendly fish odor (气味), they did not react. But when we introduced an enemy odor, they swam away. We then repeated the experiment with 300 new hatchlings from the same parents in the more acidic water-a level we can expect by the year 2100 if current trends continue. When we introduced friendly and unfriendly smells at the same time, the fish seemed unable to make up their minds, spending equal time swimming toward one smell and the other. They could sense chemical signals but couldn’t recognize the meaning of them.It is always tricky to say that behaviors seen in a lab would also be seen in the wild. So we went to a sandy lake near one of the Great Barrier Reef’s northern islands to test how wild-caught damselfish would react to enemy smells after exposing them to acidic water. In a tank, about half of them held in water with acidity expected by 2050 were attracted to the unfriendly odor and half were not, yet not one held in water anticipated by 2100 avoided being attracted to the enemy odor. We then let the marked damselfish loose in the lake. The fish once held in the most acidic water swam farther away from their protective home. Can fish adapt? Most studies have habituated fish to lifted acidic conditions over a few days or months-an extremely short length of time. The animals are not given a realistic opportunity to adapt. Yet some scientists thought that fish might escape the anger of ocean acidification, in part because early research done in the 1980s showed that certain animals had an astonishing ability to regulate their internal chemistry to survive acidified water. But maintaining normal functions such as avoiding danger is a different challenge.At a minimum, confusion could place yet another stressor on fish already challenged by rising watertemperatures, overfishing, etc. Further, if many ocean creatures start to behave strangely, entire food webs and ecosystems could come crashing down. Although the science is still new, the results appear to be lining up: ocean acidification is messing with fish’s minds.11．What does the underlined word “treacherous” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A．Risky.B．Hurried.C．Mysterious.D．Helpless.12．What can we learn about the fish in the acidic water?A．They lost their senses to chemical signals.B．They were less likely to respond to threats.C．Their behavior in the lab disappeared in the wild.D．They tended to seek the protection from their home.13．What can be inferred from the passage?A．The author’s study confirms previous findings.B．Fish’s adaptation to acidic water is a matter of time.C．Different fishes behave differently to acidity change.D．The chances of restoring fish’s minds are yet to be seen.14．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A．What Do Different Stressors Do to Ocean Creatures?B．What Does Ocean Acidity Mean to Ocean Creatures?C．How Does Ocean Acidification Destroy the Ecosystem?D．How Do Ocean Creatures Adapt to Ocean Acidification?（2023·北京丰台·统考一模）Many people would answer the question of what makes us human by insisting that we are cultural beings. There is no doubt that we are. But one definition of culture is the totality of traditions acquired in a community by social learning from other individuals, and many animal species have traditions. Can we then say that some animals are cultural beings too?One approach to study culture in animals is the so-called Method of Exclusion (排除), in which scientists investigate behavioral variations across populations of one species. In a famous study, scientists learned that chimpanzee (黑猩猩) behaviors were socially passed on as they were present at some sites but not at others, despite having same ecological settings. For example, chimpanzees in Tai National Park in Ivory Coast are well-known for their nut-cracking skills. Chimpanzees in Gombe national part in Tanzania, on the other hand, do not crack nuts, although nuts exist in their environment too.However, when applying the Method of Exclusion, one has to be very careful. There are other factors that could also explain the pattern of behavioral evaluation. For example, some of the chimpanzee techniques scientists evaluated occur in only one of the three subspecies. So it’s quite possible that these behaviors also have an innate component. This would mean that one chimpanzee subspecies uses a new technique not out of cultural tradition, but because the behavior is fixed to specific genes. Another factor that has to be excluded is of course the environment Chimpanzees in Mahale do not fish algae (水藻), simply because algae does not exist there.But when we exclude all the variations that can be explained by genes or environment, we still find that animals do show cultural variations. Does that mean there is no real difference between them and us after all? Not exactly: There is a fundamental difference between human and animal culture. Only humans can build culturally on what generations before us have learned. This is called “cumulative culture”. We don’t have to keep reinventing the wheel. This is called the “ratchet (棘轮) effect”. Like a ratchet that can be turned forward but not back, people’s cultural techniques evolve.It is likely that behaviors we see today in chimpanzee cultures could be invented over and over again by individual animals themselves. In contrast, a child born today would not be able to invent a computer without the knowledge of many past generations.15．Why does the author mention the example of the chimpanzees in two parks in Paragraph 2?A．To prove that culture does exist in animals.B．To justify the uniqueness of the research method.C．To compare how chimpanzees behave in different parks.D．To stress the importance of environment in studying culture.16．What does the underlined word “innate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Advanced.B．Inborn.C．Adaptive.D．Intelligent.17．What can we learn from the passage?A．Cumulative culture is what sets humans apart from animals.B．Culure in animals is as worthy to be valued as human culture.C．Animals don’t have the ability to invent behaviors in a community.D．The “ratchet effect” decides if humans can build on past experiences.（2023·北京石景山·Recently, a new discovery has been made in the field of biology that challenges our previous understanding of the origins of life on Earth. For decades, scientists believed that life emerged in a warm, shallow pond, where a series of chemical reactions led to the creation of the first living cells. However, a team of researchers has now uncovered evidence that suggests life may have actually begun in a quite different environment.The discovery was made in a remote part of the ocean, where a team of scientists was exploring a hydrothermal vent (深海热泉) system located deep beneath the surface. Hydrothermal vents release superheated water and gases from the Earth’s mantle (地幔). They create an extreme environment that is unfavourable to most forms of life, but home to a variety of unique organisms.As the scientists collected samples of the vent’s mineral-rich liquid, they noticed something strange. They discovered that it contained a complex network of organic molecules (分子), including amino acids (氨基酸) and other building blocks of life. This was surprising, as hydrothermal vents were previously thought to be empty of life-supporting chemicals. However, the most striking discovery was yet to come. Analysis of the organic molecules revealed that they were not simply the product of chemical reactions in the vent, but rather had been produced by living organisms. This served as evidence of a lively ecosystem that was completely independent of sunlight and the surface world.This discovery has significant implications for our understanding of the origins of life on Earth. The warmpond hypothesis (假说), which has long been the dominant theory, suggests that life emerged in a relatively warm and damp environment. However, the new evidence from the hydrothermal vent system suggests that life may have actually begun in an extreme environment, where survival was only possible through the development of original biochemical pathways. The discovery also raises new questions about the potential for life to exist on other celestial bodies (天体). Hydrothermal vents have been identified on Saturn’s moon Enceladus and Jupiter’s moon Europa. The presence of organic molecules at these sites suggests that unique forms of life may exist.While this discovery is still in its early stages, it is already beginning to reshape our understanding of the origins of life and the potential for life on other planets. It is a testament to the power of scientific exploration and the incredible complexity of life on Earth. As we continue to explore the depths of the ocean and the vast expanse of space, who knows what other surprises and discoveries lie in store.18．What did the scientists newly discover in the vent’s liquid?A．Superheated gases.B．A variety of minerals.C．Life-supporting chemicals.D．Complex forms of life.19．What can we learn from the passage?A．The warm pond hypothesis proves to be right.B．Organic molecules lead to chemical reactions.C．Forms of life were identified in the vents on other planets.D．Original biochemical pathways can occur in severe conditions.20．What is conveyed in the last paragraph?A．Researches help us push the boundaries of technology.B．Scientists have addressed the limitations of the research.C．D．Researchers have confirmed the origins and complexity of life.（2023·北京房山·统考一模）Vast underwater meadows (草甸) of gently waving sea grass cover hundreds of miles up and down the West Coast. These blue-green fields perform a variety of important services. They protect the shoreline from erosion, clear pollutants from the water and provide habitats for all kinds of marine animals.New research suggests sea grass meadows may also mitigate a serious consequence of greenhouse gas emissions: the steady acidification of ocean waters. The study published in the journal Global Change Biology finds that sea grass forests can raise pH levels in coastal waters. As they perform photosynthesis (光合作用), they remove carbon dioxide from the water, counteracting the acidifying effect of the gas.“I think we are all very excited about it,” said lead study author Aurora Ricart, a scientist at the Bigelow Laboratory for Marine Sciences.Ocean acidification is a side effect of rising carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Some of this CO2 dissolves out of the air and into the sea, causing a chemical reaction that lowers the water’s pH. Scientists sometimes refer to it as global warming’s “evil twin”—an invisible companion to climate change.Ocean acidification can have harmful effects on marine organisms like shellfish and coral by preventing them from properly forming the hard shells they need to survive. It’s a threat both to natural ecosystems and to shellfish fisheries around the world. The study presents a natural way to address the problem.Researchers analyzed six years of data from sea grass meadows spanning more than 600 miles off the California coastline. It focused on the common eelgrass, one of the most widespread sea grass species on the West Coast. The authors claim it’s the largest, most comprehensive study of its kind.According to the study, sea grass ecosystems can raise pH levels by more than 0.1 unit, equivalent to about a 30% decrease in acidity. The effect isn’t constant. It comes in waves and is influenced by temperature, daylight, ocean currents and other factors that affect water chemistry and sea grass photosynthesis rates. But the tempering influence on acidification can be lasting, sometimes persisting for up to three weeks at a time. The study also shows that pH is higher in sea grass ecosystems, compared to nearby areas with no sea grass, about 65% of the time.The study didn’t investigate the effects of higher pH on marine organisms — that’s a question for future research. But there’s reason to believe these meadows may have a positive influence on shellfish and other ocean animals.21．What can we learn from this passage?A．Sea grass forests can lower pH levels of coastal waters.B．Shellfish and corals are not affected by ocean acidification.C．Sea grass meadows can help remove pollutants from the sea water.D．The effects of higher pH on marine organisms were investigated in this study.22．What does the underlined word “mitigate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A．Relieve.B．Present.C．Cause.D．Predict.23．Paragraph 7 tells us the research ________.A．findings B．process C．questions D．reflection24．Why does the author write this passage?A．To illustrate the serious situation of climate change.B．To present the living conditions of the underwater meadows.C．To emphasize the importance of research on marine pollution.D．To introduce a natural way to solve the problem of ocean acidification.（2023·北京延庆·统考一模）Making use of the wind, the water or, for more than half of all plant species, animals, plants disperse (散播) seeds far and wide. Frugivores — animals such as gibbons that feed on the fleshy fruits of plants — eat and then excrete (排泄) seeds away from the original tree. The African savanna elephant can carry seeds up to a record-breaking distance of 65 kilometres. This ability to shift geographical ranges will be crucial to plants when it comes to surviving climate change. However, just like all gibbon species, the African savanna elephant is endangered, its population down by 60 percent over the past 50 years.Researchers in Denmark and the USA have published a new study into how the loss of seed-dispersing animals could affect the resilience (恢复力) of forests and other natural ecosystems. According to their research, this loss has already reduced the ability of plants to move in pace with climate change by 60 percent, and in some areas by as much as 95 percent.Evan Fricke, lead author of the study, explains that in order to reach these results, they pulled together existing data from all previous studies and used machine learning to develop models that could estimate the seed dispersal potential of any animal, even ones that are now extinct.The researchers found that, historically, the decline of seed-dispersing animals has had the greatest influence on plants across the temperate (温带的) regions of North and South America, Europe and southern Australia. “Our temperate ecosystems have lost a lot of the natural seed-dispersal function that they would have had.” explains Fricke, referring to large mammals that were once widespread in these regions.Nevertheless, the poor conservation status of many seed-dispersing tropical animals puts plants in regions such as Southeast Asia and Madagascar most at risk today. Without the preservation of such animals, global seed dispersal could decline by a further 15 percent. “The direct implication of this decline is that many plant species will be unable to keep pace with a changing climate,” says Fricke. “That means the potential loss not only of plant biodiversity but of the ecosystem functions that those plants provide.”As wildlife is lost, plants can no longer adapt and survive and forests become less sustainable, which reduces the amount of carbon they can store. They also lose their ability to support wildlife. Whole ecosystems are disrupted. The conclusion, Fricke says, is clear: we must conserve currently endangered species and restore the populations of important seed dispersers. “Independent of climate change, rewilding has the potential to benefit our ecosystems, but in a changing climate, it has the added benefit of increasing the climate resilience of those ecosystems,” he says.25．The author mentions the African savanna elephant in Paragraph 1 is to ________.A．highlight the problem B．predict the endingC．express an opinion D．provide a solution26．What does Fricke conclude from the study?A．plants disperse seeds by way of animals excreting them.B．rewilding can promote the climate resilience of our ecosystems.C．seed-dispersing animals could hardly affect the natural ecosystems.D．the loss of seed-dispersing animals has little influence on temperate regions.27．Which would be the best title of the passage?A．The Resilience of EcosystemsB．The Conservation of Seed-dispersing AnimalsC．Animals That Spread Seeds Are Essential — And Under ThreatD．Animals That Spread Seeds Are Endangered — And Well Protected。
2023-2024学年山西省运城市高二上学期期中联考英语试卷
2023-2024学年山西省运城市高二上学期期中联考英语试卷1. What will the man do tomorrow?A．Show up in a mask party. B．Get married to thewoman. C．Attend a wedding ceremony.2. How is the woman feeling at the moment?A．Angry. B．Starved. C．Relaxed.3. What troubles the woman?A．Her recent sickness. B．Her bad sleep. C．Her dog’s misbehavior.4. When will the man have a conference?A．At 8: 30. B．At 9: 00. C．At 9: 30.5. What will the speakers do tomorrow night?A．Revise a paper. B．See a film. C．Drink tea.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A．The man’s lab report.B．The volunteer work. C．The woman’s dream. 7. What day is it today?A．Friday. B．Saturday. C．Wednesday.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8. Why does the woman think the man is thoughtful?A．Because he has prepared a remarkable board.B．Because he will pick up all the foreign students.C．Because he has arranged many kinds of activities.9. How will the two speakers get to the airport?A．By car. B．By subway. C．By bus.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
医学英语文章带翻译
医学英语文章带翻译医学英语文章带翻译1椎间盘突出Unit 2 Text A Herniated Disc (Disc Herniation of the Spine)第二单元主题A 椎间盘突出症Many patients with back pain, leg pain, or weakness of the lower extremity muscles arediagnosed with a herniated disc.许多患腰腿疼痛，下肢肌端乏力的病患均为椎间盘突出症。
When a disc herniation occurs, the cushion that sits between the spinal vertebra is pushedoutside its normal position.椎间盘突出发生时，脊柱间的缓冲带将发生侧突。
A hrniated disc would not be a problem if it werent for the spinal nerves that are very close tothe edge of these spinal discs.如果脊神经不是离椎间盘特别近的话，椎间盘突出就不是什么大问题了。
HOW ARE THE SPINE AND ITS DISCS *****D脊柱与椎间盘The vertebras are the bony building blocks of the spine.脊椎是建造脊柱的构件。
Between each of the largest parts (bodies) of the vertebrae are the discs.各椎骨之间为椎间盘。
Ligaments are situated around the spine and discs.脊椎和椎间盘周围散布着韧带。
The spine has seven vertebrae in the neck (cervical vertebrae), 12 vertebrae in the mid-back(thoracic vertebrae) , and five vertebrae in the low back (lumbar vertebrae).颈部有7条椎骨，胸部为12条，腰部有5条。
【VIP专享】新视野大学英语读写教程翻译与填空题目及答案
英语复习题一、选词填空Unit1Good communication is the key to success when leaning online. You should take theopportunity to get to know your teacher and classmates through email and by participating inInternet discussion. This will lead to a more positive and rewarding learning experience.It’s true that learning the technology needed to take part in a class can at times be frustratingFor example, you may need to ask how to post your assignment on the Wed. But, don’t worry! I you have a problem, ask for help. There’s no such thing as a stupid question, so there is no need tobe intimidated or embarrassed. Sharing insight and answers freely is what makes the Internet sucha great medium for learning.Online classroom teacher Mike Roberts was asked about what he thought the greatestbenefit of online learning is. “As a teacher, I need the student to ask questions so that I know whatareas of my lessons need further explanation. That’s what is great about teaching and learningover the Internet. In an ordinary classroom, time is limited, so students seem to ask the minimumamount of questions possible. But in the virtual classroom ,students are always asking questions.They really seem to feel comfortable, asking me for the information that they need. They alsoshare a lot of valuable ideas with each other in a way that you don’t usually see in a regularclassroom.”Unit2I have to you about the way you dress. I was a little intimidated to comment in person, so Iam writing instead. I hope this doesn’t upset you ,but something has to be done. I must appealto you start dressing like mom.Personally, it’s Your unique sense of fashion is more like a sister’sthan a mother’s.embarrassing to have a mom who dresses younger than I do. Your wear T-shirt with torn jeans andyour nose is pierced .My friends say it’s strange ,but I think they’re being a little too negativ It’s most likely because their boyfriends think you are pretty. Still, if you want me to have anyfriends in this community, it is vital that you remove the ring from your nose and start dressing？like the other moms. Don’t your peers ever show any concernDon’t you remember how horrible being a teenager can be ? I feel awful because I thinkpeople of my age would rather talk to you than to me. Last week at the shopping center, I had theabsolutely worst experience of my life. The young man who took our money asked if you were myolder sister. I thought he would likely ask you out if I hadn’t said “Thanks, mom” to you disgusting.Unit 3Some people just can’t keep from giving. That was the way it was with my neighbor.Despite being crippled, she was very active. In fact, she seemed to do more for the communityevery day than I ever do in a year’s time. I was always amazed at the pace she kept. On Mondaysand Fridays, she worked at a college giving students guidance on what career to choose. OnTuesdays and Thursdays she helped out at a church that gave aid to people without homes. And onthe weekends, she taught local kids who needed extra help with their schoolwork. And mostimportantly, she always had a positive attitude. I don’t remember once hearing her complain about her troubles. The stresses of everyday life never seemed to bother her. Instead, she looked forevery occasion she could find to spread her good humor around. I remember when I had just lostmy job. She took a day off from work to spend time with me and listen to my trifles. She neveronce became impatient with my complaints. She never acted like there was anything in this wordmore important than what I had to say.What I regret now is not having ever really done anything for her. I suppose she neverneeded it.Unit 4“So, how about your interview?”“The whole thing was bad from the beginning. I entered the room with confidence andgave the woman a strong handshake. She said I squeezed too hard and hurt her. I had a real hardtime communicating with her after that.”“What do you mean?”“Well, i t was pretty apparent that I failed to persuade to hire me. I tired to make eyecontact with her, but she kelp looking away, which made me think she wasn’t very focused orinterested in what I was saying.”very“I k now what you mean. It can be so stressful being interviewed for a job. It’sdepressing when you don’t get any encouragement from the person who is asking you question.But, don’t worry. I’m sure you made a better impression than what you think.”“I don’t think I impressed her at all. I was really bothered that she kelp looking away,only interrupting me once in a while to throw in a word or two. I had to get her attention bymaking big gestures and changing the tone of my voice. I don’t think I have ever had such ahorrible experience.”Unit 5AIDS has emerged as the world’s biggest problem over the past 25 years. Theepidemic touched the lives of people around the world, but no other place had been plagued likeAfrica. In Africa 20 million people were infected with the disease in 1999. That number continuesto grow. Africa has accounted for nearly four out of five AIDS related deaths in the world. It isestimated that as of 1999, 13 million children had lost their parents to AIDS. Although there is nocure, people in more developed countries can get medicine to help. In Africa though, most do nothave access to new medicines. Most people neglect going to the doctor to find out if they have thedisease. Because they have not been diagnosed with the illness, they continue to spread the diseasewithout knowing it. Many men leave their rural homes to find work. This threatens many peoplewhen the workers have AIDS and their behavior is not safe.In response to this crisis, many groups have set up programs. The goal is to educatepeople about AIDS. It is difficult to implement such programs, though, because of poor literacyrates. Some education programs have worked, though. One such project combats people’s fear getting tested for AIDS. Other campaigns focus on schooling for the poor.二、翻译题Unit 11. 对于网络可课程，学生不仅可以选择何时何地学习，在回答问题之前他们还可以有时间思考问题。
大学网络英语3 自主测试与答案
Click ONCE on the speaker icon to start listening!放音结束前请不要离开本页。
否则就听不成啦!Part 1 Understanding Long Conversations(每小题：1 分)Directions: In this section you'll hear a long conversation or conversations. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the same passage or dialog. 1.A. The woman was not very happy.B. News that the husband was cheating.C. A saying about smiling and crying.D. A report that more husbands had girlfriends. 2.A. In a lawyer's office.B. In a workplace.C. In the woman's home.D. In the man's home. 3.A. She doesn't feel like smiling.B. She has to stay in the office.C. Something is wrong with her head.D. Her husband might have an affair with another woman. 4.A. A strange shirt.C BD D CB. Few parents supported their children in entering Harvard.C. Children who felt unloved weren't as healthy later in life.D. Parents aren't warm enough for children to be healthy.2.A. He hardly ever lived past his 50th birthday.B. He became sick almost all of the time during mid-life.C. He developed heart, blood, or drinking problems in mid-life.D. He found relationships that he couldn't enjoy.3.A. Researchers believe it is meaningful.B. It involves biological, psychological, and social factors.C. This report claimed that this was the case.D. Healthy people aren't diagnosed with many healthproblems.4.A. Parents.B. Mothers.C. Society.D. Psychology.5.A. Acting warmly toward children will make them healthier.B. Getting sick is common for people as they enter mid-life.C C B A Aonon homre on down outin with toupupDirections: Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.1. A recent ________ was that about 20 per cent of collegegraduates joined the army of the unemployed last year.A. estimateB. numberC. figureD. statistic2.The same question was usually set in two forms: one that had________ answers to choose from, and the other where thepupil had to supply their own answer.A. someB. weakC. strongD. different3.Once you have made your booking and paid a ________,then the cost of your holiday cannot be changed.A. feeB. savingC. moneyD. loan4.Will you go to the party ________ me, so that our host won'tbe too offended?A. instead ofB. rather thanC. no other thanD. except for5.Now that the director has a good ________, you can talk tohim about more money for your project.A. feelingB. attributeC. attitudeD. status6.He came back late, ________ which time all the guests hadalready left.A. afterB. atC. byD. during7.________ it was on the side of a mountain, the village wasvery quiet.A. Isolated asB. Isolating ifC. Being isolated asD. Having been isolated if8.________ data (数据) that the language-acquiring ability mustbe stimulated.D A D A A C C B A2.3.lifetime together.When love ends, the emotional and financial stress can 4.5.divorce was caused by small 6.love ended with an emotional 7.costly. I can't even remember 8.anymore. 9.used to use to greet one another, we enter and leave withoutany greeting at all.our differences, I tried not to think about it. I pledged to simplystay together for the 11.to 12.always have her parents together. I also understood that by13.child. But after a while it became apparent how unfair it was toeveryone 14.had to 15.16.weight of my unhappiness finally became too much to bear. Icould 17.divorce.1.5 ceremony 1.5 However 1.5 Sometimes 1.5 wreck1.5 disguise1.5 provocations 1.5 toll1.5 being1.5 Instead of 1.5 reconcile 1.5 sake1.5 bear1.5 separating 1.5 involved1.5 remain1.5 sheer1.5 restrain1.5 overnightgrabbing 1.5 quiveringkeen boring festival disguise financially encourage skilled agreeable reckoned merryin the new country, they often get confused about their identity. Mycousins told me that when they visited Korea a few years ago, theyfelt different from other Koreans. They could even feel it juststrolling around the street because they wore different clothes.We must realize that language is important and valuable for manyreasons. Immigrants should make an effort not to be ignored bytheir children and to make their children understand their heritageby teaching them the parents' language. This is important in helpingthe second generation establish their identity.1.Which people are having trouble with language?A. Natives.B. People of the 2nd generation.C. People when born.D. Immigrants.2.Why are children ignoring their parents?A. Children have lost their identity.B. Parents cause children to suffer.C. They speak different languages.D. They have different job levels.3.The author's aunt taught Korean ________.A. so she could preserve her languageB. so she would have a job in AmericaC. to help children succeed in their new countryD. to help children keep their Korean identity4.The author's cousins felt ________.A. they were not similar to people in KoreaB. they could not get a job in AmericaC. it was all right to look and feel differentD. it was important to keep their identity5. A proper title for this passage is ________.A. The Identity of the Second GenerationB. Korean Problems in AmericaC. Learning a New Language in the USD. Keeping Your Culture in a New LandQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the same passage or dialog.Yinlan looked at the people sitting around the table and smiled with satisfaction. Everyone in her family was there—her children, her grandchildren, and her new great-grandson, just one month old. Her whole family had come to celebrate the Harvest Moon Festival (节日).Two days after the Harvest Moon Festival, Yinlan died peacefully in her sleep. Her family was sad but at the same time grateful. They felt happy that they had been able to celebrate the Harvest Moon Festival with her one last time. Everyone said it was remarkable that Yinlan had died just two days after the holiday.Actually, the timing of Yinlan's death was not remarkable at all. Recently sociologists (社会学家) studied the death rate among elderly Chinese women in California. They discovered that the death rate drops 35 percent before the Harvest Moon Festival and then rises 35 percent. Sociologists believe that these changes in death rate show the mind's power over the body. The Harvest Moon Festival, when families gather, is important to elderly Chinese women. Apparently some women are able to postpone (推延) their deaths so that they can celebrate the festival one last time. The idea that people can postpone the time of their deaths is notnew. Many families tell stories of a relative who held on to life untilafter an important event. The stories people tell, however, are just that: stories. They are not proof that people can postpone their deaths. The sociologists' work is important because the sociologists studied facts, not stories. The facts—the drop and rise in death rates—prove that people really can postpone their deaths.6.When did Yilan die?A. During the Harvest Moon Festival.B. Before going to sleep.C. Just before the Harvest Moon Festival.D. A couple days after the Harvest Moon Festival.7.The writer tells us the story of Yilan to let us know that_________.A. the Harvest Moon Festival is important to elderly ChinesewomenB. Chinese families get together to enjoy the Harvest MoonFestivalC. families are often sad during the Harvest Moon FestivalD. people may be able to put off death for an important event8.Where did the study take place?A. China.B. Yilan's home.C. Festival grounds.D. California.9.What does the author describe as "not new"?A. The work of sociologists.B. Proof of postponing death.D C D A D D B C C B。
科普英语阅读-对视力有益食物
Good Foods for Eye HealthThe same healthy diet that’s good for your heart and arteries can help preserve your eyes and vision.That’s not surprising. "Vision depends on tiny capillaries that supply the retina and other parts of the eye with nutrients and oxygen," says Monique Roy, MD, a professor at the New Jersey Medical School’s Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science. "Keeping those arteries healthy is essential."As part of an overall healthy diet, several key nutrients appear to be particularly important to preserving sight as we get older.C, E, and Zinc（锌）A decade ago, the Age-Related Eye Disease Study reported that people given vitamin E, vitamin C, beta carotene, and zinc in supplements were less likely to develop advanced age-related macular degeneration, or AMD. The combination was most effective at slowing the progression from intermediate to advanced AMD, which is one of the leading causes of age-related blindness. Because of those findings, many people diagnosed with early signs of AMD today are routinely prescribed a pill that combines these nutrients.Lutein and （叶黄素）ZeaxanthinTwo other nutrients -- lutein and zeaxanthin -- are also linked to lower risk of macular degeneration and cataracts. A 2008 Tufts University study of 1,802 women 50 to 79 years old found that those who consumed the most lutein and zeaxanthin in their diets were 23% less likely to develop cataracts than those who consumed the least. Rich sources of these two compounds include kale, spinach, turnip greens, romaine lettuce, broccoli, and Brussels sprouts.Omega-3 Fatty AcidThe newest nutrient linked to better vision with age is omega-3 fatty acid, which is found predominantly in fish oil. In a study of 2,520 people, researchers at Johns Hopkins University reported in 2010 that people whoconsumed fish high in omega-3s fatty acids often were significantly less likely to have advanced age-related macular degeneration. Omega-3s may also protect against cataracts, according to 2010 findings by researchers at the Clinical University of Navarra in Spain.Researchers don’t understand exactly why omega-3s may protect against eye diseases. One guess is that these healthy oils may reduce inflammation and thereby protect against cell damage.Pills vs. FoodAlthough antioxidant supplements are routinely prescribed to people with early signs of macular degeneration, there’s little agreement on whether supplements will help otherwise healthy people preserve their vision. “Most of the evidence to date is very mixed,” Allen Taylo r, a leading researcher at the Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, tells WebMD. In one recent study, for example, a multivitamin seemed to protect against some forms of cataracts but actually raise the risk of other forms."By far the best way to protect your vision from age-related diseases is by eating a healthy diet," says Kathleen Zelman, RD.Recent findings help make the case for healthy food choices. A 2010 study by French scientists, for instance, found eating more vegetables -- including cabbage, broccoli, pepper, corn, or spinach -- improved the condition of the retina in people with age-related macular degeneration.The Healthiest Diet Pattern for Healthy EyesThe overall pattern of your diet may be even more important than single foods. In 2009, Allen Taylor and his colleagues at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging reported a link between AMD and high-glycemic index foods, such as sugar and refined carbohydrates such as pasta and white bread. "We suspect that proteins in cells in the eye become toxic when exposed to high-glycemic index foods, leading to AMD-related injury," Taylor tells WebMD.If high-glycemic index foods pose a risk, whole and unprocessed foods appear to protect the eyes. The healthiest diet of all may be the Mediterranean diet, which features fruits, vegetables, nuts, whole grains, fish, and heart-healthy oils. A 2009 study reported in the Archives of Ophthalmology tracked nearly 2,500 adults over 10 years. The volunteers filled out questionnaires about what they ate. Those who ate fish and nuts frequently had a lower risk of developing AMD by 30% or more. A second study, which included 6,734 older adults tracked for 10 years, found that adults who ate more foods with trans fats (typically found in baked or processed foods) were more likely to develop late-stage AMD. In contrast, those who consumed more olive oil -- a staple of the Mediterranean diet -- had a lower risk.The Diabetes ConnectionAge-related macular degeneration is just one threat to vision. Another serious danger and a leading cause of blindness is diabetic retinopathy.A consequence of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy occurs when blood vessels in the retina are irreversibly damaged.Researchers don’t yet understand all the factors that lead to blood vessel damage in diabetics. "But it’s clear that food choices that lower your risk of developing type-2 diabetes will help lower the risk of diabetic retinopathy," says Roy. Here, too, a Mediterranean-style diet appears to offer protection. Research from the University of Melbourne in Australia reported in 2010 shows that the Mediterranean-style eating pattern can even improve blood sugar control in people with type 2 diabetes.The Blood Pressure ConnectionCutting back on sodium, especially if you already have diabetes, may be important, as well. Too much sodium is known to increase blood pressure. And high blood pressure damages blood vessels. In a 2010 study, Roy and her colleagues showed that dietary sodium, even in the absence of hypertension, increases the risk of complications fromretinopathy. High-calorie diets also increased the danger.The good news is that the same dietary rules that will protect your heart may also help you keep your vision. Those rules are simple:∙Build your diet around fruits and vegetables∙Help yourself to nuts, beans, and whole grains∙Favor fish and chicken and other lean meats∙Eat sweets sparingly∙Avoid highly processed foods as much as possible∙Go easy on saltBy following a healthier diet, researchers at the University of Liverpool recently estimated, the risk of macular degeneration could be cut by up to 20%.。
英语人工智能英语40题
英语人工智能英语40题1. Tom is in the garden. He is playing ______ his dog.A. withB. toC. forD. at答案：A。
本题考查介词的用法。
“play with”是固定短语，表示“和......一起玩”，B 选项“to”表示方向，C 选项“for”表示目的或对象，D 选项“at”表示在某个地点或时刻，都不符合“和狗玩”的意思，所以选A。
2. I have ______ apples. But I don't have ______ oranges.A. some; anyB. any; someC. some; someD. any; any答案：A。
“some”常用于肯定句，“any”常用于否定句和疑问句。
第一句是肯定句，用“some”；第二句是否定句，用“any”，所以选A。
3. The cat ______ under the chair.A. isB. areC. amD. be答案：A。
“the cat”是单数名词，be 动词用“is”，“are”用于复数名词，“am”用于第一人称“I”，“be”是动词原形，所以选A。
4. How many ______ are there in your class?A. boyB. boysC. girlD. girls答案：B。
“How many”后面接可数名词复数，A 和C 是单数形式，B 和D 是复数形式，根据语境，询问的是男生的数量，所以选B。
5. She ______ a nice dress.A. haveB. hasC. isD. are答案：B。
“she”是第三人称单数，动词要用第三人称单数形式，“have”的第三人称单数形式是“has”，C 选项“is”和D 选项“are”是be 动词，不符合“有一条漂亮的裙子”的意思，所以选B。
6. I'm very busy. I have ______ time to play.A. a littleB. littleC. a few答案：B。
关于癌症的资料作文英语
关于癌症的资料作文英语英文：Cancer is a topic that is very close to my heart. I have had family members and friends who have been affected by this terrible disease, and it has had a huge impact on my life. Cancer is a word that strikes fear into the hearts of many people, and for good reason. It is a disease that can affect anyone, regardless of age, gender, or lifestyle. The statistics are staggering, with millions of new cases being diagnosed each year.One of the things that I have learned through my experiences with cancer is the importance of early detection. Many types of cancer can be successfully treated if they are caught early, but unfortunately, this is not always the case. This is why regular screenings and check-ups are so important. I have seen firsthand how early detection can make a huge difference in the outcome of the disease. For example, my aunt was diagnosed with breastcancer, but because it was caught early, she was able to undergo treatment and is now cancer-free.Another important aspect of cancer that I have come to understand is the toll it takes on the patient and their loved ones. The physical and emotional pain that comes with a cancer diagnosis is immense, and it can be difficult to see someone you care about go through such a difficult time.I remember when my best friend was diagnosed with leukemia, and the impact it had on her and her family. It was a long and difficult journey, but she is now in remission andliving her life to the fullest.中文：癌症是一个我非常关心的话题。
brain disease
Cerebral AtrophyAnother disorder that can occur in the brain is called Cerebral Atrophy. This basically means a loss of brain cells or tissue. You can imagine the type of havoc this condition can wreak on one's functions. This disorder is associated with many other brain diseases. Some of the conditions that can cause this are strokes and traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, senile dementia, fronto-temporal dementia, and vascular dementia, cerebral palsy, Huntington's disease, leukodystrophies, such as Krabbe disease, mitochondrial encephalomyopathies, such as Kearns-Sayre syndrome, multiple sclerosis, infectious diseases, such as encephalitis, neurosyphilis, and AIDS, and epilepsy. Some of the symptoms associated with brain cell loss are dementia, seizures and aphasias, which are a group of disorders characterized by disturbances in speaking and understanding language.Brain TumorsBrain tumors are another disorder that can affect the brain. Although these are not necessarily a brain disease that is acquired, there are a number of risk factors such as lifestyle choices that contribute to it, like smoking tobacco. There are two general types of brain tumors. Primary brain tumors start in the brain and do not spread in the body. Secondary brain tumors occur when cancer that starts in another part of the body spreads to the brain. Brain tumors are uncontrolled growths that interfere with the normal function of the surrounding tissue. Symptoms include headache, pain, seizures and more. For a fuller list of brain tumor symptoms check here. Treatment options depeding on the case usually are surgery, chemotherapy, radiation or a combination of these treatments.EpilepsyEpilepsy is a condition of the nervous system that affects 2.5 million Americans. More than 180,000 people are diagnosed with epilepsy every year.It can be scary watching someone have an epileptic seizure. The person may lose consciousness or seem unaware of what's going on, make involuntary motions (movements the person has no control over, such as jerking or thrashing one or more parts of the body), or experience unusual feelings or sensations (such as unexplained fear). After a seizure, he or she may feel tired, weak, or confused.。
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Cancer Research UK is the leading source of high quality, interpreted UK cancer information for health professionals, patients, journalists, and the public. Data on 27 cancer sites are presented on the CancerStats website in downloadable documents, tables, charts and slide presentations; some of which are summarised below.How many people are diagnosed with cancer each year?There are around 309,500 new cases of cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) diagnosed each year in the UK, and more than 1 in 3 people will develop some form of cancer during their lifetime.Between 1979 and 2008, incidence rates for cancer in Great Britain increased by 26% with a 13% increase in men and a 34% increase in women. However, in the last decade incidence rates have remained fairly constant.There are more than 200 different types of cancer, but four of them - breast, lung, large bowel (colorectal) and prostate - account for over half (54%) of all new cases. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the UK even though it is rare in men. The 20 most commonly diagnosed cancers in the UK are shown in the figures below.Cancer incidence by ageCancer occurs predominantly in older people, with three quarters (75%) of cases diagnosed in people aged 60 and over, and more than a third of cases in people aged 75 and over.Less than 1% of all cases occur in children (0-14 years). 1427 cases of cancer were diagnosed in children in 2008, with a slightly higher incidence in boys than girls. Almost a third (31%) of all childhood cancers are leukaemias.1,956 UK teenagers and young adults (15-24 years) were diagnosed with cancer in 2008.The most common cancers diagnosed in this age group include Hodgkin lymphoma, testicular cancer, malignant melanoma, bone andconnective tissue, and leukaemia.Around 1 in 10 of all cancer cases occur in adults aged 25-49 years. The most common cancers diagnosed in this age group include breast,malignant melanoma, bowel cancer and cancer of the cervix. Breast cancer accounts for nearly half (45%) of all cancers diagnosed in UK women aged 25-49 years.Cancer incidence by sexProstate cancer is the most common cancer in men accounting for nearly a quarter (24%) of cancer cases in men. Lung cancer is the second most common followed by bowel cancer.Breast cancer is by far the most common cancer in women accounting for almost a third (31%) of cases. Lung cancer is the second most common cancer closely followed by bowel cancer.Cancers of unknown primariesCancers of unknown primaries accounted for 10,951 cases (4%) in 2008. Around threequarters of these occurred in the over 65s.UK incidence 2008: the 20 most commonly diagnosed cancers in personsUK incidence 2008: Males UK incidence 2008: FemalesPersons: all malignant neoplasms excluding non-melanoma skin cancer 309,527 (100%) Males: all malignant neoplasms excluding non-melanoma skin cancer 155,326 (100%)Females: all malignant neoplasms excluding non-melanoma skin cancer 154,201 (100%)How many people die from cancer in the UK?In 2009, there were more than 156,000 cancer deaths in the UK, and over one in four (28%) of all deaths in the UK were due to cancer. Deaths from cancers of the lung, bowel, breast and prostate together account for almost a half (47%) of all cancer deaths. More than 1 in 5 (22%) of all cancer deaths are from lung cancer, largely due to smoking. Colorectal cancer was the second most common cause of cancer death (10%) and despite being extremely rare in men, breast cancer was the third most common cause of cancer death (8%). Between 1980 and 2009, mortality rates from cancer fell by just over a fifth (21%). The 20 most common causes of cancer death are shown in the figures below.Cancer mortality by ageReflecting the incidence of cancer, the majority of deaths from cancer occur in the elderly. More than three quarters of cancer deaths (77%) occur in people aged 65 years and over. Although there is a higher number of cancer deaths in the over 65s, cancer causes a greater proportion of deaths in younger people. Cancer caused more than a third (37%) of all deaths in the under 65s in the UK compared with 26% of all deaths in the over 65s.Cancer mortality by sex Lung cancer is still by far the most common cause of death from cancer in men, accounting for just under a quarter (24%) of all male cancer deaths. However, male mortality rates for lung and bowel cancers have fallen to their lowest levels in almost forty years.Lung cancer also causes the largest proportion of female cancer deaths (21%) but unlike males the number of deaths has been increasing over the last forty years. However, female mortality rates for breast and bowel cancers are thelowest they have been in almost forty years. Gender inequalities in cancer incidence andmortalityAnalysis carried out by Cancer Research UK in collaboration with the National CancerIntelligence Network showed that there were significant differences in both cancer incidence and mortality between the sexes. In general, men were at significantly greater risk of both getting and dying from nearly all of the common cancers that occur in both sexes. The full report can be downloaded from/cancerstats/inequalities/index.htmCancers of unknown primariesDeaths from cancers of unknown primaries accounted for 6% (4,962) of cancer deaths in males and 8% (5,831) of cancer deaths in females in 2009 in the UK.However, there is no standard definition of CUP, which means that the true mortality of this disease may be underestimated.UK mortality 2009: the 20 most common causes of death from cancerUK mortality 2009: MalesPersons: all malignant neoplasms 156,090 (100%)Males: all malignant neoplasms 82,034 (100%)Females: all malignant neoplasms74,056 (100%)UK mortality 2009: Females。