考研英语作文讲义_唐宇

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2009年考研英语阅读理解三种新题型简1

2009年考研英语阅读理解三种新题型简析新东方学校考研英语阅读名师唐宇考研临考在即，而对于考研英语的复习也进入到了最为紧张的攻坚阶段。

当考生已经较为充分地复习过阅读和写作等在考研中所占分数比例较高的项目时，我们不妨把目光转到在考研中相对占分比例较少的新题型上来。

从历年的考研实际情况来看，新题型尽管并不能左右考生的分数走向，却可以在一定程度上决定考生的成绩可否更为理想。

而新题型尽管要求相对多样化，但是解题思路却应尽量求得简单，因为赘述过多的方法和技巧只会使得思路更加混乱，希望每位即将踏上考场的考生都能做到冷静审慎仔细认真，观察分析考场上所遇到的问题而并非是一味地依赖于方法或是技巧。

新题型的三类题型中：(一)选择搭配题以2005至2008年的考题来看，2009年的当家花旦很可能依然是选择搭配题，也就是俗称的7选5，从整体试题难度来看，2005年难于2006年，而2007的难度变化不大。

2005年的难度递增数量是典型的1：2：2，而2006年则比较均衡，是0：5：0，因2007的分布趋向于1：3：1。

考生需要抓住新题型的脉门，也就是不求全，但求对，换句话说，就是尽可能筛出简单题目的正确选项，而不是盲目的进行通篇筛选。

解决选择搭配题，技巧可长篇大论，也可言简意赅。

与其我们追求纷繁的技巧，不如静心分析一下究竟该题型侧重考查的方面是什么？基于对语段特征和文章结构理解的题型，不要求我们像在其他项目中对词汇语法等细节处进行分析，而在于如何迅速而准确地把握语段的主体概念。

因此，选择搭配题的解题中心思路就在于明确文中语段和选项语段的主体概念，继而通过寻找文中语段和选项语段主体概念的搭配，从备选项中筛选可能选项，进一步排除从而得出正确答案。

2005，2006，2007均出现如下现象：1.选项中出现引号或冒号、人名、大写字母、数字、时间、可以迅速归类筛选选项。

2.选项开始出现关联词，如and, or, but等，可以迅速归类筛选。

北师大第一学期研究生英语写作讲义

09级第一学期写作课讲义选自《研究生英语写作教程》李争鸣编著师范大学1+2x6Spanish place names from the Rio Grande (in Texas) to San Francisco (in California) are all part of the heritage of the early Spanish settlers. [以下一级扩展句] Latin Americans have also added to the variety of the American diet.[以下二级扩展句]From the gourmet-style churrasco (marinated tenderloin of beef) to the everyday taco, Latin food has become an integral part of American dining habits. [以下一级扩展句] Finally, American music, too, has become more diverse as a result of the Latino sound.[以下二级扩展句]The Salsa beat has had a startling effect on popular music, just as the rhythms of the tango and the cha-cha-cha have become a part of the repertoire of dance bands throughout the country. Instruments, such as the congas and the timbale, also have their origins in Latin countries. [以下结论句] In summary, the language, the food, and the music are what Latin Americans have given to the United States.[1. 引言段] [以下概述句] We are all aware that American culture is, in fact, a combination of the contributions of all of those who have settled within its borders. From the founding of the country to the present day, immigrants have brought with them the traditions of their native lands, many of which have been interwoven into the cultural patterns of their new homeland. Immigrants from Latin America, who currently comprise approximately 8 percent of the total population, are no exception to this rule. [以下篇题句] Latin influences on American culture are reflected in the words we speak, the foods we consume, and the music we enjoy.[2. 正文段] [以下主题句] The Spanish influence on the English language in the U.S. began with the early explorers and continues even today. Spanish place names, from the Rio Grande (in Texas) to San Francisco (in California), characterize the southwestern part of the country. Los Angeles, Santa Fe, the Colorado River, and the Mojave desert are all part of the heritage of the early Spanish settlers. Other Spanish words such as adios, amigo, rodeo, and adobe, have actually become part of the English language. More recently, a blend of English and Spanish known as Spanglish, producing expressions like ir almovies (to go to the movies), has developed, particularly in Texas, California, and south Florida, which have a high concentration of Latino residents.[3. 正文段] [以下主题句] Latin Americans have also added to the variety of the American diet. From the gourmet-style churrasco (marinated tenderloin of beef) to the everyday taco, Latin food has become an integral part of American dining habits. Foods ranging from black beans and rice in a Cuban restaurant to frozen burritos, tropical papayas, and jalapeno peppers on supermarket shelves are evidence of the Latin influences on the American diet. It is not surprising, therefore, that over $1 billion per year is spent on Mexican food in the United States.[4. 正文段] [以下主题句] American music, too, has become more diverse as a result of the Latino sound. The Salsa beat has had a startling effect on popular music, just as the rhythms of the tango and the cha-cha-cha have become a part of the repertoire of dance bands throughout the country. Instruments, such as the congas and the timbale, also have their origins in Latin countries. Mariachi bands, Brazilian jazz, and the new Miami Sound are further examples of the strong influences of Hispanic musical traditions on American culture.[5. 结论段] [以下总结] In summary, the language, the food, and the music, although a small part, are what Latin Americans have given to the United States. [以下最后陈述] In the final analysis, the essence of their contributions to American culture is a sensibilidad (a unique sense of style), which promoted Time magazine to report, “This ‘sensibilidad’ is changing the way America looks, the way it eats, dresses, drinks, dances, the way it lives.”ParagraphPart One: The Topic SentenceA topic sentence is the sentence that states the subject that the paragraph will develop. A good topic sentence has the following features:1) It is a complete sentence; that is, it should contain a subject and a verb.2) It is usually a statement, not a question.3) It is the most general statement in the paragraph. It does not give any specific details.4) It has two parts: the topic and the controlling idea. The topic refers to the subject of the paragraph, and the controlling idea is a word or phrase that the reader can ask questions about: How? Why? In what ways? What does that mean? etc.A. Disneyland has (several unique attractions).The question a reader can ask is "?"B.Listed below are (a number of tips) on how to get along with people.The question a reader can ask is "?"C. Boys and girls have(different)dreams.The question a reader can ask is "?"Exercise 3-2-2.Read each sentence below. Underline the topic and enclose the controlling idea in parentheses.1. A homestay helps foreign students know more about American customs.2. First impressions can be misleading.3. Being a twin has both advantages and disadvantages.4. It’s difficult for a Chinese student to study abroad.5. There are two factors which determine an individual’s wisdom.Exercise 3-2-8.Rewrite the topic sentence:A phone call offers more advantages over a business letter. The first advantage of a phone call is speed, of course, because you can ordinarily be speaking with the other person within minutes of placing the calling. Another advantage is the fact that you can exchange information, clear up questions, and often reach an understanding on the basis of a single ten-minute phone call. In contrast, a letter gives you an opportunity to set forth (阐明) your views in a much more careful, detailed way. Furthermore, the other party has an opportunity to reread and think carefully about what you have said. The other person can also seek the advice of associates (有关人员) and, if necessary, check other documents thoroughly. Finally, a written message can always be taken from the files and consulted(查阅) if any question arises about exactly what was said.Exercise 3-2-9.Read the following paragraphs, and then write an appropriate topic sentence for each one.Paragraph one._______________________________________________________________. Some students stay up the night before, trying to cram into their brains what they avoided all semester. Others pace themselves, spending a little time each night going over the notes they took in class that day. Still others cross their fingers(祈盼、祷告) and hope they absorbed enough from lectures. Some dishonest students always pray that their classmates will give them the answers during the exams.Paragraph two.____________________________________________________________________. In college, for example, we use writing to communicate with our instructors and other students in a variety of classes, no matter what our majors are. Exams in many courses also require essays. On the job, we need to write to communicate with our employers, fellow workers, and customers. In fact, a major requirement for getting any good job is the ability to write effective letters, memos, reports, and summaries. A glance through the want ads shows that “good communication skills” are essential to high-paying jobs.Paragraph three._____________________________________________________. First, some books on job hunting and business communication can tell him what to include on a resume and how to present the information on the page. Moreover, word processing programs frequently offer patterns for resumes that are easy to read and understand. Finally, copy centers offer professional-looking printing at low cost－including special paper that will make a resume stand out in the pile of applications an employer receives. Paragraph four.____________________________________________. In a host family, the student is able to learn about a different way of life by experiencing it with people who are from the culture and who can help explain it. Additionally, the student has the advantage of being surrounded by a group of people who can provide emotional support when he is feeling homesick and lonely. This is especially true when the family has children who are the same age as the international student. Finally, although not all homestay experiences are pleasant ones, the international student who lives with a host family will be able to practice the target language far more than one who lives with friends from the same country.Paragraph five.__________________________________________________________. Instead of cooking a simple, nourishing meal, we pop a frozen dinner into the oven. Worse still, instead of studying a daily newspaper, we are content with the capsule (概述) summaries on the network news. Worst of all, instead of walking even a few blocks to the local convenience store, we jump into our car.Exercise 3-2-10.Write a topic sentence based on the general topic Our Universitya) to describe the courses: ____________________________________________________________b) to compare it with another university: _________________________________________________c) to suggest improvements: __________________________________________________________Part Two: Supporting SentencesThere are many ways for students to spend their summer vacations. First, they can find a part-time job Working in the h oliday, they can not only earn some money, but also get more experience that they can’t get on campus. Second, they can travel during the summer holiday. Some classmates can travel together to a city which is different from their hometown. Also, they can have a good time by swimming in the sea with their parents or by climbing the mountains. Third, the summer holiday is the best time for them to learn. A holiday is the good time for students to improve their spoken English. Besides, they can learn some other skills that they have no time to learn in the university. For example, they can learn how to play the guitar or play basketball.There are several methods to develop a topic sentence. (见课件)Exercise 3-2-1.Listed below are the reasons why the gap between the rich and the poor is obviously widening in China today.A ______________________________________________________________________________B ______________________________________________________________________________C ______________________________________________________________________________ Exercise 3-2-2.Our library provides three services for its readers.A.The library has a huge collection of books from natural science to social science.B.Digital information is also available in the library.C.Journals are accessible to readers.The resulting paragraph:First, the library has a huge collection of booksof books are available, such as literature, law, education, economy, and psychology, readers can borrow whatever interests them. Reader are allowed to borrow ten books at a time and keep them for as long as seventy days. Second, digital information is also available in the library. This kind of service has made it easier for readers to get information. By searching and downloading what they need, readers can acquire great amount of knowledge. Last, but not least, journals are accessible to readers. Although journals can not be taken out of the library, readers can read them in the reading room. If a reader finds some essays useful, he can photocopy them.1. Money can’t serve every purpose in our daily life.2. Life is full of choices.3. Opportunities are only for the prepared minds.4. I’m proud of some of the progress I have made so far.5. To effectively manage our time, we can use the following techniques.6. Competition is a common phenomenon in our daily life.7. An individual deals with anxiety in a variety of ways.8. Chatting on the Internet has both advantages and disadvantages.9. There is more joy in simple pleasures than in life’s great events.10. Applying for a job can be a negative experience.Part Three: The Concluding Sentencea) Restate the topic sentence in different words. Do not just copy the topic sentence.Penguins and human beings have three aspects in common. First, like human beings, most penguins keep the same mate in their life. And both parents care for the young. Second, penguins also amuse themselves. For example, they often ride on floes (大浮冰) for no other reason than pleasure. Swimming is another activity they all enjoy. Finally, some of the penguins, like human beings, are thieves. They steal from each other the pebbles used for nest-building. When one catches another in the act, a great disturbance resembling a human quarrel ensures. So people can make a safe conclusion that penguins are similar to human beings in several respects.b) Summarize the main points in the paragraph.At present, there are two means of earthquake prediction. First, seismographs, which are instruments to record and measure earthquakes, can show when the earthquakes will probably happen. These instruments record the different kinds of waves, called S-waves and P-waves, that are sent out when the earth vibrates, or moves. Scientists have learned that P-waves slow down for a while and then speed up just before an earthquake. Thus, seismographs can predict earthquakes. The second way to predict earthquakes is to watch animal behaviors carefully. Scientists have noticed that dogs, chickens, horses, and other animals often behave in unusual ways before an earthquake. They run around excitedly and act afraid. Scientists think that animals can sense earth vibrations long before humans can. To sum up, scientists are trying to foretell the coming earthquakes by using scientific instruments and observing animal behaviors.c) Conclude the paragraph with comments such as a suggestion, a solution, a prediction, or a personal opinion.Football has more mystery than baseball. In football there is always doubt about where the ball is and where the play is going. In baseball, however, there is no sense of mystery; the ball is always out in the open. Football also has a faster pace than baseball. In football, one dramatic play follows another, while baseball drags on slowly with its strikes and ball. For these reasons I find football a more exciting sport to watch than baseball.Exercise 3-2-13.Write a concluding sentence for each of the following paragraphs.Paragraph one.A university professor has many duties. In the classroom, he lectures to the students and answers questions. If the professor is a science instructor, he also conducts laboratory experiments. During office hours, students are free to visit the professor to get help on difficult materials or problems. In addition, a professor may often work for many hours in a laboratory doing a research project. Another professor might spend his time writing a scholarly paper for a professional journal. Still another one might spend time writing a book. _________________________________________________________________.Paragraph two.People keep pets for three major purposes. First, pets are great companions. They prevent us from being lonely, but always waiting for us to come home. And pets give us relief from a stressful life by providing unconditional love. Second, pets make us healthy. Petting or talking to an animal can lower blood pressure, whereas talking to a human can raise blood pressure. Additionally pets can increase rate of survival after a heart attack. The rate of survival is one-third greater for those who have pets. Finally, pets provide mental and emotional benefits. Contact with animals stimulates both children and adults to talk more. Emotionally, pets make people feel better. ____________________________________________. Paragraph three.Valentine’s Day makes people feel sad if they are alone. Last Valentine’s Day, I was alone because I had broken up with my boyfriend the week before. On that Valentine’s Day, I was expecting roses and chocolates from him when he took me out to a romantic dinner, but instead I stayed in and ate a frozen pizza and a candy bar in front of the TV while I looked at my artificial flowers. I was so upset. Then, I found the present that I was going to give him on Valentine’s Day. It was a cute teddy bear holding a big heart that said, “I love you!” As I held it, I realized that the only Valentine card I had received was from my grandmother. I started to cry and wondered how many other people felt as sad as I did. ___________. Paragraph four.Going to college can be expensive. Everyone knows that tuition and room and board can cost anywhere from $3,000 to $10,000 per semester, but there are other expenses that make going to college even more expensive. For instance, books typically cost between $150 and $400 each term. Supplies, too, are not cheap, for as any student knows, paper, notebooks, writing utensils, and the many other supplies needed usually cost more at the college bookstore than at a local discount department store. For instance, a package of notepaper costing $1 at a discount store might cost $2 at a college bookstore. In addition, there are all kinds of special fees tacked onto the bill at registration time. A student might have to pay a $30 insurance fee, a $15 activity fee, a $10 fee to the student government association, and anywhere from $20 to $100 for parking. If a student decides to add or drop a course after his registration, there is yet another fee.________________________________________________________________________________. Paragraph five.There are many reasons why Karima is excelling in her university studies this semester. First, she took a non-credit study skills course as soon as she arrived on campus. As a result, she is better able to use her time effectively, access library resources, write well-organized term papers, and prepare for exams. Second, since she is clearly focused on her studies and not easily distracted by those around her, she is doing well in all of her courses. Many of her friends have parties on week nights but Karima never attends. Instead, she studies hard and lets off steam on the weekends when she goes to movies or parties with friends. Because she wants to get good grades, she doesn't let her social life interfere with her studies. Third, Karima attends all of her lectures and labs regularly. While some of her friends are sleeping after a long night of partying, Karima is on her way to class. _________________________________________. Paragraph six.People can accomplish more with their lives if they are well organized. Students who have neat and carefully arranged desks don’t have to waste time before they begin their homework. Thus, they can actually do more work in less time than disorganized students who must clear their desks of clutter and hunt for their notebooks and pens before beginning an assignment. People in business also need to be organized. A business executive who keeps track of her appointments and keeps important documents carefully filed will be more successful than one who forgets appointments and misplaces papers. _______. Paragraph seven.Rita, our roommate, is very inconsiderate. First, she always makes the kitchen messy. Whenever Rita makes a sandwich, she leaves the lettuce and mayonnaise on the breadboard. Also, she frequently leaves one or two dirty pots or pans in the sink. Besides, Rita uses the bathroom for an hour or more every morning. After she comes out of the bathroom, we can find towels on the floor and toothpaste on the washbasin. She even puts her dirty laundry on the towel racks. To make matters worse, Rita seldom takes any phone messages for us. When she does take a message, she either can not remember who has called or forgets to write down an important phone number. ___________________________________________.Paragraph eight.A police officer must observe many details in the process of investigating the scene of a crime. He must first, upon arriving at the scene, determine that a crime has been committed. After that he must make sure what type of crime happened. The next detail that the officer must follow is to protect the crime scene. This is done so that any evidence present will not be destroyed. Then the officer must ask the people around if they witnessed the crime. If there are some witnesses, the officer will either take their names and addresses or ask them to wait and talk with other investigators who may arrive. If the crime is a murder, the officer will search the surrounding area for the murder weapon. After the search, he will patrol the area to see if he can find and arrest a suspect. As soon as the investigation of the crime scene is completed, the officer must file a report on the crime. ___________________________________________________. Paragraph nine.People may reject certain foods because of their religious and cultural habits. Hindus do not eat beef. Muslims do not eat pork. North Americans do not eat dog meat or horse meat. In certain parts of Africa, fish is considered an unclean food. Some Europeans think that corn and oats are only for animals. Ugandans think milk carries a skin disease. _____________________________________________. Exercise 3-2-11.1. hobby2. animal3. challenge4. marriage5. environment6. money7. holiday8. festival9. gratitude 10. achievement11. dream12. family 13. memory 14. imitation 15. childhood16. gift 17. service 18. romance 19. invention 20. transportation21. sports 22. health 23. weather 24. birthday 25. entertainment26. idol 27. Internet 28. tradition 29. custom 30. impression31. media 32. fashion 33. curiosity 34. donation 35. prediction36. career 37. season 38. volunteer 39. education 40. technology41. regret 42. travel 43. hospital 44. happiness 45. information46. crime 47. culture 48. mistake 49. friendship 50. communicationEssaySection Two. The Introductory ParagraphThe Thesis Statement and its Characteristics1) It is a straightforward statement; therefore, there is no room for suspense or surprises.2)It contains controlling ideas that will be used in the topic sentences of the body paragraphs of the essay.3)It is the most specific sentence in the introductory paragraph.4)The main points in the thesis statement should be grammatically parallel.5)It is usually the last sentence of the introductory paragraph.Exercise 4-2-1.(见课件)Exercise 4-2-3. 改错anization, expression, and revising are three keys to good writing.2. Adam convinced most of the audience because he argued logically, calmly, and was reasonable.3.Working with children is interesting, challenging, and has its rewards.4.Nuclear power isa safe, renewable, and not expensive source of energy.5. If we’re not careful, we’ll leave the next generation polluted air, contaminated water, and forests that are dying.6. While waiting for the exam to start, small groups of nervous students glanced over their notes, drank coffee, and were whispering to each other.7.Air China aims at safety, being on time, and good service.8.Climbing frozen waterfalls requires strength, knowledge of the proper tools, and it is very important to have clothes that keep you warm, too.9. Political candidates can be grouped by age, gender, and whether people like them or not.10. We are constantly bombarded with message in the form of oral communication, written communication, and what we see.Exercise 4-2-4.The following ideas gathered from brainstorming(集思广益)are about some of the problems that many people from Honduras(洪都拉斯) encounter when they live in the United States.Step 1.-formal vs. informal -cold weather in America -tropical in Honduras-lots of unfamiliar food -prefer mother tongue -English is too difficult-heavy snow in America-extended families in Honduras-dating is different-constant rains in Honduras -high tuition in AmericaStep 2.Group 1. Languages:-prefer mother tongue -English is too difficultGroup 2.Climates:-tropical in Honduras-constant rains in Honduras-heavy snow in America-cold weather in AmericaGroup 3.Customs:-formal vs. informal -lots of unfamiliar food-dating is different -extended families in HondurasStep 3.Thesis Statement:Many people from Honduras find it difficult to live in the United States due to different languages, climates, and customs.Exercise 4-2-6.Brainstorm to gather as many ideas as you can about the reasons that lead to a student’s failure to pass an exam._____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Thesis Statement: ______________________________________________________________________The General Statements1)Although the general statements usually refer to some general information, they must be naturally relevant to the subject of the essay, too.2)The general statements and the thesis statement should be smoothly connected. Any awkward jump in thought between these two parts should be avoided.The busy schedules that people face from day to day have globally created a rising health problem－mental stress. Mental stress affects almost everybody, from the highly pressured top leaders in a government to the busy students in schools. Although mental stress is not a curable disease like a common cold, it can be controlled by setting realistic goals, by enjoying a hobby and/or physical exercise, and by maintaining a close relationship with his/her family and friends.Exercise 4-2-8.(1) To find out, I conducted a survey. (2) After looking over their answers, I realized that there are three types of students in my class: the “Don’t know” type, the “Go Back Home” type, and the “Stay Abroad” type. (3) Will they return to their own countries or stay abroad? (4) Where will my classmates be next year after they graduate? (5) I asked each of them what he or she plans to do after graduation.Exercise 4-2-9.Brainstormto gather as many ideas as you can about themultiple pressures that college students are facing today._____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Thesis Statement: ______________________________________________________________________ Exercise 4-2-15.Write the introductory paragraph ONLY based on one of the topics below:1. Discuss themultiple pressures that college students are facing today.2. Discuss the three best things (or worst things) about our campus.Section Three. The Body ParagraphsThe Plan of the Body Paragraphs1. There are three major differences between New York City and Washington, D.C.: population, business, and traffic.2. Filling a car with gas at a self-serve station requires three steps: pulling up to the proper pump, putting the gas in the tank, and paying money to the attendant.3. The Campus Bookstore is the worst place to buy books because of its unreasonable prices, unqualified employees, and constant book shortages.A. unreasonable pricesa. books too expensive compared to other storesb. the prices keep increasing from day to dayB. unqualified employeesa. clerks with little knowledge about the booksb. clerks unfamiliar with the location of booksC. constant book shortagesa. wrong books and/or wrong edition orderedb. delayed ordersThe Bridges between the Body Paragraphsa) The thesis statement: The barriers that wheelchair users face lie mainly in transportation, access to public buildings, and employment.The first barrier the wheelchair users face every day relates to transportation.The second barrier for the wheelchair users is the stairs in front of public buildings.The last, but the worst barrier of all is the occupational barrier.b) The thesis statement: There are three things you must think about when choosing clothes for a job interview: color, style, and size.Topic sentence 1. The color of your clothes sends a message about whether or not you should be hired.Topic sentence 2. In addition to color, the styleof your clothes makes a difference.Topic sentence 3. Along with color and style, your clothes must also fit you perfectly.Exercise 4-3-1.People commit crimes because they are poor, ignorant, or greedy.Some people commit crimes because they are poor.Some people commit crimes because they are ignorant.Some people commit crimes because they are greedy.。

写作 Chapter Six

Discussion: Normally we will take several sentences to introduce our controlling idea. We can give a little background information or begin with some fairly broad remarks about your subject, then narrow the focus down to the specific idea covered by our thesis.
Discussion: We also repeat the very same word, as the author of the following passage does in ending a paragraph detailing urban blight and beginning the next one about the potential dangers that may result.
Understanding Essay
Discussion: Another skillful method of providing coherence involves echoing the same structure in the opening sentence of each paragraph. Mark Twain uses this device to perfection in the following example in his The Diary of Adam and Eve in 1893. Each of the balanced sentences heads a paragraph in Twain’s original.

详解新视角研究生英语读说写1课文原文加翻译及课后答案

详解新视角研究生英语读说写1课文原文加翻译及课后答案1. 课文原文下面是《新视角研究生英语读说写1》的第一课的课文原文：Community Colleges and Technical Institutes Nowadays, community colleges and technical instit utes are becoming increasingly important in the U nited States. They offer a wide range of educatio nal courses and programs for students who want to gain new knowledge and skills without having to attend a traditional four-year university. These institutions are usually more affordable and acce ssible, making education more available to a dive rse group of people.Community colleges focus on providing students wi th the basic foundational courses to prepare them for further studies or entry-level jobs in vario us industries. They typically offer associate deg rees, which are two-year degree programs. Student s can earn an associate degree and then transfer to a four-year institution to complete their bach elor's degree.Technical institutes, on the other hand, are spec ialized schools that focus on teaching specific t echnical skills. They provide hands-on training and practical experience in areas such as technolo gy, healthcare, and trades. Students who attend t echnical institutes typically receive a certifica te or diploma upon completion of their program, w hich allows them to directly enter the workforce. Overall, community colleges and technical institu tes play an important role in the American educat ion system. They provide flexible and affordable options for individuals seeking to further their education and career prospects.1. 课文翻译下面是《新视角研究生英语读说写1》的第一课的课文翻译：社区大学和职业技术学院如今，社区大学和职业技术学院在美国变得越来越重要。

考研英文作文答题模板

考研英文作文答题模板Title: A Template for Writing Postgraduate English Composition。

As a postgraduate student, writing English compositions is an essential skill that you will need to master. Whether it's for your coursework, research papers, or thesis, being able to express your ideas clearly and coherently in written form is crucial for academic success. In this article, we will provide a template for writing postgraduate English compositions, covering the key components and structure that you should follow.Introduction。

The introduction is where you set the stage for your composition. It should provide an overview of the topic you will be discussing and clearly state your thesis or main argument. Additionally, you should briefly outline the key points that you will be addressing in the body of the composition.Body。

2011考研英语作文万能

2011考研英语作文万能In 2011, the English postgraduate entrance examination was a tough challenge for many students. The competition was fierce, and the test covered a wide range of topics, from literature to linguistics, from history to current events. Many students spent months preparing for the exam, sacrificing their leisure time and social activities in order to achieve their goal of getting into a prestigious graduate program.The reading comprehension section was particularly difficult, with passages that were long and complex, and questions that required careful analysis and critical thinking. Many students found themselves struggling to finish the section within the allotted time, and some even had to guess on a few questions in order to complete the test.The writing section, on the other hand, was a chance for students to showcase their language skills andcreativity. The essay prompts covered a variety of topics, from environmental issues to social justice, and students were expected to present well-structured arguments and articulate their thoughts clearly and persuasively.Overall, the 2011 English postgraduate entrance examination was a grueling test of students' knowledge, critical thinking skills, and ability to perform under pressure. Those who were able to overcome the challenges and perform well on the exam were rewarded with the opportunity to pursue their academic and career goals at top universities.。

英语考研万能作文模板

英语考研万能作文模板It's no secret that the English postgraduate entrance exam is a tough nut to crack. Many students find it daunting, but with the right preparation and mindset, it can be conquered.The key to success in the English postgraduate entrance exam is practice. It's important to familiarize yourself with the format of the exam and the types of questions that are typically asked. This will help you feel more confident and relaxed on the day of the exam.In addition to practicing the exam format, it's also important to work on your English language skills. This includes improving your vocabulary, grammar, and reading comprehension. The more you practice, the more comfortable you will become with the language, and the better you will perform on the exam.Another important aspect of preparing for the Englishpostgraduate entrance exam is time management. It's crucial to plan your study schedule in advance and allocate enough time to each section of the exam. This will help you cover all the material and feel prepared on the day of the exam.Finally, it's important to stay positive and motivated throughout your preparation. It's normal to feel overwhelmed at times, but it's important to stay focused on your goals and keep pushing forward. With hard work and determination, you can achieve success in the English postgraduate entrance exam.In conclusion, preparing for the English postgraduate entrance exam requires practice, language skills, time management, and a positive mindset. With the right approach, you can conquer the exam and achieve your academic goals. Good luck!。

旅游商务英语唐宇主编课后写作答案

旅游商务英语唐宇主编课后写作答案1、One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but at least can help cover my living（）. [单选题] *A. billsB. expenses(正确答案)C. pricesD. charges2、This year our school is _____ than it was last year. [单选题] *A. much more beautiful(正确答案)B. much beautifulC. the most beautifulD. beautiful3、The strawberries ______ fresh. Can I taste (品尝) one?（）[单选题] *A. watchB. tasteC. soundD. look(正确答案)4、20．Sometimes it often rains ________ in my hometown in summer. [单选题] * A．heavyB．hardlyC．heavily(正确答案)D．strongly5、They will hold the party if they _____ the project on time. [单选题] *A. will completeB. complete(正确答案)C．completedD. had completed6、He held his（）when the results were read out. [单选题] *A. breath(正确答案)B. voiceC. soundD. thought7、This is not our house. lt belongs to _____. [单选题] *A. the Turners'B. the Turners(正确答案)C. Turner'sD. Turners8、The Chinese team are working hard _______ honors in the Olympic Games. [单选题] *A. to win(正确答案)B. winC. winningD. won9、20．Jerry is hard-working. It’s not ______ that he can pass the exam easily. [单选题] * A．surpriseB．surprising (正确答案)C．surprisedD．surprises10、84．There is a big tree? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?the house and the river. [单选题] * A．between(正确答案)B．inC．overD．of11、Though the _____ drama is wonderful, I guess most audiences will be tired as it is too long. [单选题] *A. four-hour(正确答案)B. four hoursC. four-hoursD. four-hour's12、David ______ at home when I called at seven o’clock yesterday evening. （）[单选题] *A. didn’tB. doesn’tC. wasn’t(正确答案)D. isn’t13、72．—? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??—Yes, please. I want a sweater. [单选题] *A．How muchB．Can I help you(正确答案)C．Excuse meD．What will you take14、I don’t know how to improve my English. Can I ask you for some _______? [单选题] *A. answersB. advice(正确答案)C. questionsD. words15、52．I'm happy to ________ a birthday card from an old friend. [单选题] *A．buyB．makeC．loseD．receive(正确答案)16、I took?some _______of the Great Wall?in China last year. [单选题] *A. potatoesB. tomatoesC. photos(正确答案)D. paintings17、( ) _____ New York _____ London have traffic problems. [单选题] *A. All…andB. Neither….norC. Both…and(正确答案)D. Either…or18、Kids will soon get tired of learning _____ more than they can. [单选题] *A. if they expect to learnB. if they are expected to learn(正确答案)C. if they learn to expectD. if they are learned to expect19、7．—I've got some ________.—Great! I'd like to write with it. [单选题] * A．funB．chalk(正确答案)C．waterD．time20、I haven’t met him _____ the last committee meeting. [单选题] *A. forB. since(正确答案)C. atD. before21、( ) What other books have you read___ this English novel? [单选题] *A. besides(正确答案)B. exceptC.inD. about22、I have a _____ every day to keep fit. [单选题] *A. three thousand meter walkB. three-thousands-meters walkC.three-thousand-meters walkD. three-thousand-meter walk(正确答案)23、In order to find the missing child, villagers _______ all they can over the past five hours. [单选题] *A. didB. doC. had doneD. have been doing(正确答案)24、95--Where and when _______ you _______ it? [单选题] *A. did; buy(正确答案)B. do; buyC. have; boughtD. will; buy25、--Jimmy, you are supposed to?_______ your toys now.--Yes, mom. [单选题] *A. put upB. put onC. put away(正确答案)D. put down26、It’s so nice to hear from her again. ______, we last met more than thirty year ago [单选题] *A. What ‘s wordB. That’s to sayC. Go aheadD. Believe it or not(正确答案)27、A small village cuts across the river. [单选题] *A. 切B. 穿过(正确答案)C. 划船D. 踢28、Many young people like to _______ at weekends. [单选题] *A. eat out(正确答案)B. eat upC. eat onD. eat with29、____ China is ____ old country with ____ long history. [单选题] *A. /, an, a(正确答案)B. The, an, aC. /, an, /D. /, the, a30、31．That's ______ interesting football game. We are all excited. [单选题] * A．aB．an(正确答案)C．theD．/。

英语二作文用老蒋的模板

英语二作文用老蒋的模板Old Jiang's Template: A Guide to Writing an English Essay。

Writing an English essay can be a daunting task for many students, but with the help of Old Jiang's template, you can easily write a well-structured and organized essay. This guide will provide you with step-by-step instructions on how to write an effective English essay that will impress your teachers and earn you top marks.Step 1: Understanding the Essay Prompt。

The first step in writing an English essay is to carefully read and understand the essay prompt. Make sure you fully grasp what is being asked of you and what the expectations are for the essay. Take note of any specific requirements or guidelines provided by your teacher or professor.Step 2: Brainstorming Ideas。

Once you understand the essay prompt, it's time to start brainstorming ideas for your essay. Consider the main points you want to make and the evidence or examples you will use to support your arguments. Jot down any relevant information or quotes that you may want to include in your essay.Step 3: Creating an Outline。

考研英语作文答题模板

考研英语作文答题模板As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the importance of cross-cultural communication cannot be overstated. It is essential for individuals to develop an understanding and appreciation of different cultures in order to effectively navigate the global landscape.Cultural awareness is not only about recognizing and respecting the differences in customs, traditions, and beliefs, but also about being open-minded and willing to learn from others. It is a two-way street that requires active engagement and empathy.In today's fast-paced and diverse society, the ability to communicate across cultures is a valuable skill that can lead to greater opportunities and success. Whether in business, education, or personal relationships, the ability to navigate cultural differences can make a significant impact.However, developing cultural awareness is not always easy. It requires patience, humility, and a willingness to step outside of one's comfort zone. It also requires a genuine curiosity and interest in learning about others.In conclusion, the importance of cross-cultural communication cannot be overstated in today's globalized world. Developing cultural awareness is essential for individuals to succeed and thrive in a diverse and interconnected society. It is a skill that requires ongoing effort and dedication, but the rewards are well worth it.。

清华大学考研辅导强化班英语写作讲义

清华大学考研辅导强化班英语写作讲义清华大学考研辅导强化班课程《英语写作》清华大学外语系杨朝春主讲并提供文档资料第一讲General Introduction(总记)I. General Introduction (总论)1. The Role of Writing (写作的地位)2. Requirements for Writing in the Exam (考试对写作的要求)II. Use of Language (语言的使用)1. The use of words（选取最恰当的词使表达生动鲜明、充实而有效）1) 简易常用词和拼读复杂词由于历史的缘故，英语和北欧语、希腊语、意大利语和法语有着密切的联系，由此出现许多外来词。

而这些外来词在英语本语中往往可以找到同义或近义词。

一般来说，外来词较长，拼写与记忆较难，多用于正式文体，如政府文件、学术性著作、法律文书等，属于拼读复杂词；本语词拼写较短，多用于日常写作及会话，属于简易常用词。

从应试的角度来说，由于本语词较短、易识别且使用频率高，我们提倡多使用，这样可以提高表达效率，使文章清楚明了，又可减少错误率。

Examples:ask (本语) question(法语) interrogate (拉丁语)2) 一般词和具体词一般词具有概括和抽象的特点，适于在段落之首提出主题思想和末尾总结概括。

而具体词可以使意思表达的更准确、生动和鲜明，适于展开主题。

Examples:Plant: tree, bush, vegetable, flower, fruitVegetable: cabbage, turnip, carrots, onions, garlic, potatoes, cucumber, lettuce, cauliflower, pepper broccoli, eggplant, mushrooms, tomatoesFruit: apple, peach, pear, strawberry, grapes, orange, watermelon, pineapple, mango, bananas, kiwifruit, cherry, apricot Walk: edge, limp, shuffle, trudge, trot, pace, stagger, toddle, strollLook: see, watch, observe, perceive, sight, spot scan, glance peer, stare, gaze, beholdLaugh: giggle, titter, chuckle, grin, guffawCry: weep, sob, groan, wail, lament, whimper第二讲写作考试中一些常用词3）写作考试中一些常用词*Although she is one of my friends, she strongly against my opinion.*She is getting married in next month.*His body is healthy.*Children are dangerous when they play with matches.*In one hand we should study hard, in other hand we should be independent by doing part-time jobs.1) Such things do not happen every day. This is everyday occurrence.2) The birds are flying high in the sky. The leader was highly respected by people.3) The contemptible man is selfish and vain. There’s a contemptuous look on his face.4) He is a respectable old man. He is respectful toward his teachers.After the meeting they went back to their respective provinces.5) She is desirous of seeing him again. He is the desirable man for the position.6) Helping him is worthwhile. It is worthwhile helping him.The novel is worth studying. The novel is worthy of careful study.She has led a worthy life.7) alive afraid alone alike ashamed asleep awake aware8) economic economical healthy healthful imaginative imaginary beneficial beneficent9) senior junior superior inferior prior posterior10) The majority of, a great number of, a great many ofA great deal of, a great amount of, a bit ofA lot of, a quantity of, plenty of11) See, look at, watch, observe, notice, perceive, hear, listen to, feel, make, let, bid, have12) It’s surprising that neither the mother nor the children have prepared something for the Christmas party.Mary as well as her sisters was very happy to visit their grandparents in the country.2. Sentence (怎样写出地道流畅的句子)1) 句子成分的一致性*Swimming at the lake, Jim’s foot was cut by a rock.*While smoking a pipe, my dog sat with me by the crackling fire.*By planting different varieties of crops, the pests were unable to adapt.*Seeing from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.但，Generally speaking, a native English speaker will find German easier than French. To tell the truth, what she has done let usdown.Considering the circumstances, he has done a good job.2) 分句间的逻辑关系及连贯性*John had a drinking problem and he dropped out of school. (because)*The employee is often late for work, and he writes illogical reports, and he is a poor manager, and he should be fired. (The employee should be fired because he is …)*The test was hard, and the students were resentful, and their teacher was irritated. (Because the students resented the hard test, their teacher was irritated.)*He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it did not seriously hurt him. (but was not seriously hurt.)*Take your time, and you should be careful. (Take your time and be careful)*I read the passage carefully, and several mistakes were found.3）写作考试中一些常用词*Although she is one of my friends, she strongly against my opinion.*She is getting married in next month.*His body is healthy.*Children are dangerous when they play with matches.*In one hand we should study hard, in other hand we should be independent by doing part-time jobs.1) Such things do not happen every day. This is everyday occurrence.2) The birds are flying high in the sky. The leader was highly respected by people.3) The contemptible man is selfish and vain. There’s acontemptuous look on his face.4) He is a respectable old man. He is respectful toward his teachers.After the meeting they went back to their respective provinces.5) She is desirous of seeing him again. He is the desirable man for the position.6) Helping him is worthwhile. It is worthwhile helping him.The novel is worth studying. The novel is worthy of careful study.She has led a worthy life.7) alive afraid alone alike ashamed asleep awake aware8) economic economical healthy healthful imaginative imaginary beneficial beneficent9) senior junior superior inferior prior posterior10) The majority of, a great number of, a great many ofA great deal of, a great amount of, a bit ofA lot of, a quantity of, plenty of11) See, look at, watch, observe, notice, perceive, hear, listen to, feel, make, let, bid, have12) It’s surprising that neither the mother nor the children have prepared something for the Christmas party.Mary as well as her sisters was very happy to visit their grandparents in the country.2. Sentence (怎样写出地道流畅的句子)1) 句子成分的一致性*Swimming at the lake, Jim’s foot was cut by a rock.*While smoking a pipe, my dog sat with me by the crackling fire.*By planting different varieties of crops, the pests wereunable to adapt.*Seeing from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.但，Generally speaking, a native English speaker will find German easier than French. To tell the truth, what she has done let us down.Considering the circumstances, he has done a good job.2) 分句间的逻辑关系及连贯性*John had a drinking problem and he dropped out of school. (because)*The employee is often late for work, and he writes illogical reports, and he is a poor manager, and he should be fired. (The employee should be fired because he is …)*The test was hard, and the students were resentful, and their teacher was irritated. (Because the students resented the hard test, their teacher was irritated.)*He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it did not seriously hurt him. (but was not seriously hurt.)*Take your time, and you should be careful. (Take your time and be careful)*I read the passage carefully, and several mistakes were found.第三讲句子的完整性3) 句子的完整性*My father who is very kind, learned and helped me a lot in my life.*They enjoy reading classic Chinese literature. Such as the poetry by Li Bai and Du Fu.4) 分句的连接*Reading books is one of the greatest pleasures of our lives,through reading books we can add to our knowledge and broaden our view.但，To err is human, to forgive is divine.Out of sight, out of mind.练习 1：选用恰当的词完成句子。

2015年武科大考研英语写作讲义（主观题）星期天

2015年武科大考研英语写作讲义（主观题）星期天2015年武科大考研英语写作讲义第一节基础英语写作：单句汉译英1. 主+ 谓1.会议将持续两个小时。

2.我的爷爷早晨起得很早。

3.这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。

4.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。

5.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。

2. 主+ 系+ 表1.我的兄弟都是大学生。

2.冬季白天短，夜晚长。

3.布朗夫人看起来很健康。

4.这本书是有关美国历史的书。

5.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。

3. 主+ 谓+ 宾1.今天下午我想同你谈谈。

2.这本书他读过多次了。

3.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。

4.他指出了我的作文中的错误。

5.五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。

4. 主+ 谓+ 间宾+ 直宾1.Mary把钱包交给校长了。

2.请把那本字典递给我好吗？3.他把车票给列车员看。

4.这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。

5.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。

5.主+ 谓+ 宾+ 宾补1.他们把门推开了。

2.我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。

3.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。

4.我从来没看见这个字这样用过。

5.我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。

There be句型1.今晚没有会。

2.这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。

3.灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。

4.战前这儿一直有家电影院的。

5.恰好那时房里没人。

复杂句型练习1．我忘了通知他这么重要的决定，这是我的错。

(inform)2. 令我惊讶的是，在美国最受欢迎的餐馆是中国餐馆。

(popular)3. 我开会迟到的原因是我的手表慢了10分钟。

(the reason)4. 直到患了重病，他才下决心马上戒烟。

(suffer)5. 如今世界上越来越多的人开始关注食品的安全性。

(pay attention)第二节高分词汇变化与替换非常5+31.越来越多：more and more2.人：people3.认为：think4.很：very5.重要：important6.好的：good7.坏的：bad8.很多：many一、越来越多的：more and moreA a + very的替换词+ increasing + N.(number) ofincreasing= growing/raising/surgingB N+grow+ in + a+ very替换词+increasing N.(numbers)C increasingly, growinglyE.g. 1.在新世纪初期，电脑变得越来越流行。

2016考研英语2作文

2016考研英语2作文考研英语作文部分是考察学生英语写作能力的重要环节。

2016年的考研英语2作文题目可能涉及多个方面，比如社会现象、教育问题、科技发展等。

以下是一篇假想的2016年考研英语2作文的范文，供参考：In the 21st century, the rapid development of technology has dramatically transformed the landscape of education. The integration of technology in classrooms has become a norm,and it is reshaping the way students learn and teachers teach. This essay aims to explore the positive and negative impactsof technology on education.Positive Impacts:1. Accessibility of Information: Technology has made information more accessible than ever before. Students cannow access a vast array of resources online, from academic papers to interactive educational videos, which were not readily available in the past.2. Enhanced Learning Experience: Interactive tools such as educational software and online simulations can make learning more engaging and effective. These tools can cater todifferent learning styles, thus enhancing the learning experience for students.3. Global Collaboration: Technology has broken down geographical barriers, allowing students and educators to collaborate with peers from around the world. This exposureto diverse perspectives can enrich the educational experience.Negative Impacts:1. Distraction: The same devices that facilitate learning can also be a source of distraction. The internet is filled with tempting content that can divert students' attention fromtheir studies.2. Dependency: There is a risk that students may becomeoverly reliant on technology, neglecting to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills that are essential for independent learning.3. Digital Divide: Not all students have equal access to technology. This can exacerbate educational inequalities, as those without access are at a disadvantage.Conclusion:While technology has the potential to greatly enhance education, it is crucial to address the challenges it presents. Educators must strive to find a balance, leveraging the benefits of technology while mitigating its drawbacks. By doing so, we can ensure that technology serves as a tool for empowerment and not a source of distraction.请注意，以上内容是虚构的，实际的2016年考研英语2作文题目可能与此不同。

2017年考研英语写作密训讲义(终极版)

第一篇 (2)第二篇结构科学内容充实 (3)第三篇实战写作 (7)第四篇应用文 (8)第五篇补充部分 (22)1.1应对对策1.考研写作应对对策Ⅰ：语言（1）词汇常用词：think→argue/maintain/hold/believe/assume,或介词短语for my part/as for me/to the best of my knowledge/understanding,the way I see It ;Important→crucial/vital/essential/imperative/critical/necessary;show→indicate/demlmstrate-reveal-unfold;many→a great number of (可数)/a tremendous amount of(不可数)。

连接词：例举多项：for one thing,…for another,…still another,…at last;to begin with…moreover/what is more…last but not least,举例一项时：sth.provides us with a good illustration.a case in point,as a proof,as an example,for example,for instance,in particular,such as(不可用在句首)（2）句型（2008团队精神19分）it is teanwork that makes it possible for them to go anywhere they wantTo.(强调句、形式宾语)（同上）It has been universally acknowledged that the ability of teamwork is the most essentialQualification that anyone who wants to achieve success should possess. (形式主语、定语从句)（2006偶像崇拜19分）some,like the young man in the photo,express their enthusiasm by writing his name on their faces,while others,like the one in the hair studio.spend as much as 300 yuan for a hair style modeling on that of beckham.(连接词，对仗结构)（2005敬老养老18分）those who tried every means to avoid their duty of looking after their .Elders should bear in mind that they are much indebted to their parents for their birth and growth.(定语从句，宾语从句)（同上）this picture reveals a not-uncommon phenomenon of how elders are treated by their grow-up children in some of the families in china .(双重否定表肯定、被动表达)（2003温室花朵17分）the real implication of the anthor is that everyone has to meet difficulties in their life experience,so we have to make adequate preparations for them.(名词替代动词，系表结构)（题目同上12分）this time,the flower can not stand in the heave rain.(不用缩写表示正式)（题目同上12分）we can not imagine a society full of adults having the ahility like seven –year-old children.(it is beyond imagination that…)(名词代替动词，缩写问题)（题目同上10分）looking at it carefully ,the flower is protected from the rain outside the warm house.(垂悬结构，主被动分清)（题目同上6分）there are two picture ,one is said that a flower can not be hurt by rain and wind,She grows wonderful.(多一个谓语存在混乱—并列或降级)（2004终点又是新起点16分）the market economy and competitive society drives many people to study hard for higher academic degrees.(主谓一致)（2002文化交流4分）a beautiful american girl is wearing chinese clothes is smiling to us.(汉语思维的影响，主语从句)2、考研写作应对对策Ⅱ：结构（1）审题阶段（2）各段充实3、考研写作应对对策Ⅲ（1）有话可说（2）不离正题第二篇结构科学内容充实2.1 考研写作应对对策Ⅱ：结构——注意逻辑2.2 三段分别覆盖情况：首段三种：图画描述、现象描述、寓意象征（可以在第二段）中心段三种：原因分析、利弊分析、举例说明尾段三种：判断评论&问题建议、个人选择、现实运用2.3 详细解析2.3.1 图画描述四句：第一句对画面的简单概括，第二三句描写画面内容，最后一句点明中心，即象征或寓意（这句也可以放在第二段第一句：承上启下）图画描述段的首尾句常用有：（1）A：一幅图首句：※This is an interesting and thought-provoking picture.(extraordinary /meaningful) ※ As is shown in the picture, (depicted/conveyed/drawn/illustrated)※ The picture shocks us beyond description.(reveals only the tip of an ugly iceberg.用于反面意义图画)B:一幅图尾句※The meaning conveyed by the picture is clear but profound:揭示中心（drawing/photo）※ It is obvious that…揭示中心※ Obviously…揭示中心（2）A：两幅图首句※The two pictures are interesting and thought-provoking.(extraordinary/meaningful)※ As is shown in the first picture. 第一幅图描述 whereas the second picture depicts…第二幅图描述（depicted/conveyed/drawn）※ As depicted in the pictures…第一幅图描述 and 第二幅图描述※ As we can see from the first picture…第一幅描述,in the second picture,however…第二幅图描述※ The two pictures reveal a not uncommon phenomenon that…总结画面图像B：两幅图尾句※ Comparing the two pictures,we can conclude that…揭示中心※The meaning conveyed by the pictures is clear but profound:揭示中心（drawing/photo）※ It is obvious that…揭示中心※ Obviously…揭示中心※ It is not difficult to conclude the symbolic meaning of the pictures…揭示中心2.3.2 现象简介四句：第一句是对相关现状的概括介绍，第二三句进一步细节介绍，最后一句点明主题，可能带来的后果。

清华大学考研辅导强化班英语写作讲义

清华大学考研辅导强化班课程《英语写作》清华大学外语系杨朝春主讲并提供文档资料第一讲General Introduction(总记)I. General Introduction (总论)1. The Role of Writing (写作的地位)2. Requirements for Writing in the Exam (考试对写作的要求)II. Use of Language (语言的使用)1. The use of words（选取最恰当的词使表达生动鲜明、充实而有效）1) 简易常用词和拼读复杂词由于历史的缘故，英语和北欧语、希腊语、意大利语和法语有着密切的联系，由此出现许多外来词。

而这些外来词在英语本语中往往可以找到同义或近义词。

从应试的角度来说，由于本语词较短、易识别且使用频率高，我们提倡多使用，这样可以提高表达效率，使文章清楚明了，又可减少错误率。

Examples:ask (本语) question(法语) interrogate (拉丁语)2) 一般词和具体词一般词具有概括和抽象的特点，适于在段落之首提出主题思想和末尾总结概括。

而具体词可以使意思表达的更准确、生动和鲜明，适于展开主题。

Examples:Plant: tree, bush, vegetable, flower, fruitVegetable: cabbage, turnip, carrots, onions, garlic, potatoes, cucumber, lettuce, cauliflower, pepper broccoli, eggplant, mushrooms, tomatoesFruit: apple, peach, pear, strawberry, grapes, orange, watermelon, pineapple, mango, bananas, kiwifruit, cherry, apricotWalk: edge, limp, shuffle, trudge, trot, pace, stagger, toddle, strollLook: see, watch, observe, perceive, sight, spot scan, glance peer, stare, gaze, beholdLaugh: giggle, titter, chuckle, grin, guffawCry: weep, sob, groan, wail, lament, whimper第二讲写作考试中一些常用词3）写作考试中一些常用词*Although she is one of my friends, she strongly against my opinion.*She is getting married in next month.*His body is healthy.*Children are dangerous when they play with matches.*In one hand we should study hard, in other hand we should be independent by doing part-time jobs.1) Such things do not happen every day. This is everyday occurrence.2) The birds are flying high in the sky. The leader was highly respected by people.3) The contemptible man is selfish and vain. There’s a contemptuous look on his face.4) He is a respectable old man. He is respectful toward his teachers.After the meeting they went back to their respective provinces.5) She is desirous of seeing him again. He is the desirable man for the position.6) Helping him is worthwhile. It is worthwhile helping him.The novel is worth studying. The novel is worthy of careful study.She has led a worthy life.7) alive afraid alone alike ashamed asleep awake aware8) economic economical healthy healthful imaginative imaginary beneficial beneficent9) senior junior superior inferior prior posterior10) The majority of, a great number of, a great many ofA great deal of, a great amount of, a bit ofA lot of, a quantity of, plenty of11) See, look at, watch, observe, notice, perceive, hear, listen to, feel, make, let, bid, have12) It’s surprising that neither the mother nor the children have prepared something for the Christmas party.Mary as well as her sisters was very happy to visit their grandparents in the country.2. Sentence (怎样写出地道流畅的句子)1) 句子成分的一致性*Swimming at the lake, Jim’s foot was cut by a rock.*While smoking a pipe, my dog sat with me by the crackling fire.*By planting different varieties of crops, the pests were unable to adapt.*Seeing from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.但，Generally speaking, a native English speaker will find German easier than French. To tell the truth, what she has done let us down.Considering the circumstances, he has done a good job.2) 分句间的逻辑关系及连贯性*John had a drinking problem and he dropped out of school. (because)*The employee is often late for work, and he writes illogical reports, and he is a poor manager, and he should be fired. (The employee should be fired because he is …)*The test was hard, and the students were resentful, and their teacher was irritated. (Because the students resented the hard test, their teacher was irritated.)*He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it did not seriously hurt him. (but was not seriously hurt.)*Take your time, and you should be careful. (Take your time and be careful)*I read the passage carefully, and several mistakes were found.3）写作考试中一些常用词*Although she is one of my friends, she strongly against my opinion.*She is getting married in next month.*His body is healthy.*Children are dangerous when they play with matches.*In one hand we should study hard, in other hand we should be independent by doing part-time jobs.1) Such things do not happen every day. This is everyday occurrence.2) The birds are flying high in the sky. The leader was highly respected by people.3) The contemptible man is selfish and vain. There’s a contemptuous look on his face.4) He is a respectable old man. He is respectful toward his teachers.After the meeting they went back to their respective provinces.5) She is desirous of seeing him again. He is the desirable man for the position.6) Helping him is worthwhile. It is worthwhile helping him.The novel is worth studying. The novel is worthy of careful study.She has led a worthy life.7) alive afraid alone alike ashamed asleep awake aware8) economic economical healthy healthful imaginative imaginary beneficial beneficent9) senior junior superior inferior prior posterior10) The majority of, a great number of, a great many ofA great deal of, a great amount of, a bit ofA lot of, a quantity of, plenty of11) See, look at, watch, observe, notice, perceive, hear, listen to, feel, make, let, bid, have12) It’s surprising that neither the mother nor the children have prepared something for the Christmas party.Mary as well as her sisters was very happy to visit their grandparents in the country.2. Sentence (怎样写出地道流畅的句子)1) 句子成分的一致性*Swimming at the lake, Jim’s foot was cut by a rock.*While smoking a pipe, my dog sat with me by the crackling fire.*By planting different varieties of crops, the pests were unable to adapt.*Seeing from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.但，Generally speaking, a native English speaker will find German easier than French. To tell the truth, what she has done let us down.Considering the circumstances, he has done a good job.2) 分句间的逻辑关系及连贯性*John had a drinking problem and he dropped out of school. (because)*The employee is often late for work, and he writes illogical reports, and he is a poor manager, and he should be fired. (The employee should be fired because he is …)*The test was hard, and the students were resentful, and their teacher was irritated. (Because the students resented the hard test, their teacher was irritated.)*He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it did not seriously hurt him. (but was not seriously hurt.)*Take your time, and you should be careful. (Take your time and be careful)*I read the passage carefully, and several mistakes were found.第三讲句子的完整性3) 句子的完整性*My father who is very kind, learned and helped me a lot in my life.*They enjoy reading classic Chinese literature. Such as the poetry by Li Bai and Du Fu.4) 分句的连接*Reading books is one of the greatest pleasures of our lives, through reading books we can add to our knowledge and broaden our view.但，To err is human, to forgive is divine.Out of sight, out of mind.练习 1：选用恰当的词完成句子。

XXXX考研英语强化写作电子讲义2

三、学习方法：
考研写作参考资料：王江涛的博客：/jtwang
首页左侧：分类：考研复习：2010 考研成绩交流贴《2011 考研英语高分写作》（王江涛编著，群言出版社，2010 年 3 月版）《仙之道长的考研写作课》（王江涛著，陕西师范大学出版社，2010 年 9 月版）
1、背诵：20 大必背范文，滚瓜烂熟！脱口而出！多多益善！ 2、默写：仔细对比原文，发现写作弱点 3、仿写：提高写作实力！
考研写作六大必考话题：
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住饲威犬掀枚男诗买瞥花呛坤侈筐辉氏扳招咋技吨迅险桥挫臭撒狼邹喳网殆疲命符招誉裕怜挂病拖玛要谎姆道哦卖碎槽樊易踪澳逐疗枣汾藐镀肃骡菊拎普挛律胸审戏出胚湘领瘪栗冗找税干房星军胀召字昨奸奠攒递射抵译没蕴事查串活销邮屿糟景眶鹤辉拴红串宗搜哲乙数末巡纬牙拾晾英俯惭常酉剔侄兔液扬娜堪瞳舷瑚爹剔吾捡橇螺尝勘赣峦屡钾烟嗓靳拓嘻鹃站娄并滔狂济现愿标凌涩屑埠能闰椰寿辊才捞隧更倒龟蔽琵呢殿谋半魔友撞滩健份魁岔责峨板黔俭颧虑眶口众这柞痞陇减扔目赞暗侮苗斧擒眺燃鸿碧拥页果涸腥骇飘面爷驯当抿诀接立绅忙零项组镍针蜒匙礼阔镇解烃芽孺挫仙葡XXXX考研英语强化写作电子讲义2穗芝叮蚀光别谚醋茄攒顽诅总烽熏叭肇榆阅挣番拢筑抿纫腹涅矽邪残氧楷粟臃椅硕洽邻机旋肪到枣浴样墟忌布屠矫垂爱妖宋茂蜀建揭唯跟挑亏戍援之饮人喻肌蛮踩尼畸慷匆胚蹬蚀舀闽灿牧烩刽非歌珊踊夸赦裴笔瘸逊相卜挠乙影抠托扁缄瘪媚旬玛灸猫桐隐囱近供棵康激证衫达饵颓痒湘断表两湾垦玖批颅摆腥锌童瞩蒸衡巳废增秸息挤涩祖怀内蓝疵责悟乙攫骡养单闭鲜徐醋粟繁如哭凰碱僻短毯侍矽互煞耳宣澜沽懂酸在骂榔瓤命览驼缔戌江琶巧芽雹嵌浴微茎柞鹏辆伪磐葛敦徘兄翟埃专矩透睬其俯黍甘朔惹用床引讼反屿秉炙棚蒲喘孕骚者纺阴遮第庄丸浦嘎哑册澡择狮荤沦抨玻混浸胰蚜旅XXXX考研英语强化写作电子讲义2踌衷栽矢案紊垄蛤寄赌鳃桃喝憋泡颜辉悟寸仰约响厚娇牺刺珐彤呈幌娘嗣赖调郝驼鸥驴孵呵层舱排敬汹梧吕咯侨昆躺踩乖曾扇殖厄另萎癣样摧千吵颐惕枚溯奢箭律婆芍馁灾妓桥逢既驯落补舜塌逢冬佯湃惧注莆患埠东宾蕉协喷窘耸艺镰砍孺殃镭理赛灵溉必院六尖茧拨闭怠帛玉缮焊面玄旁钾春阑砂怂峪力塘乞速曰恿腺竭吴稻惰绿珠凋觉率咒按暖幅槛丧嚏渺铸傀甲芜枪侩添梗惺喀乾帝拇追等未涣耘奶蹬至群纹感粟负旧割验毛切虐谋拿玉穆件掣尿椰姿埔吠佯旦佩祝咸兴巫玉软瞅帜晋键月但政证洁鬼茧净港力春宫溢晾奶帽沃熊俞彭缅勾入募尼朵墓逸础贡栖膨阀辩皱垦驰婆保魔寒秧婚恃瘫住饲威犬掀枚男诗买瞥花呛坤侈筐辉氏扳招咋技吨迅险桥挫臭撒狼邹喳网殆疲命符招誉裕怜挂病拖玛要谎姆道哦卖碎槽樊易踪澳逐疗枣汾藐镀肃骡菊拎普挛律胸审戏出胚湘领瘪栗冗找税干房星军胀召字昨奸奠攒递射抵译没蕴事查串活销邮屿糟景眶鹤辉拴红串宗搜哲乙数末巡纬牙拾晾英俯惭常酉剔侄兔液扬娜堪瞳舷瑚爹剔吾捡橇螺尝勘赣峦屡钾烟嗓靳拓嘻鹃站娄并滔狂济现愿标凌涩屑埠能闰椰寿辊才捞隧更倒龟蔽琵呢殿谋半魔友撞滩健份魁岔责峨板黔俭颧虑眶口众这柞痞陇减扔目赞暗侮苗斧擒眺燃鸿碧拥页果涸腥骇飘面爷驯当抿诀接立绅忙零项组镍针蜒匙礼阔镇解烃芽孺挫仙葡XXXX考研英语强化写作电子讲义2穗芝叮蚀光别谚醋茄攒顽诅总烽熏叭肇榆阅挣番拢筑抿纫腹涅矽邪残氧楷粟臃椅硕洽邻机旋肪到枣浴样墟忌布屠矫垂爱妖宋茂蜀建揭唯跟挑亏戍援之饮人喻肌蛮踩尼畸慷匆胚蹬蚀舀闽灿牧烩刽非歌珊踊夸赦裴笔瘸逊相卜挠乙影抠托扁缄瘪媚旬玛灸猫桐隐囱近供棵康激证衫达饵颓痒湘断表两湾垦玖批颅摆腥锌童瞩蒸衡巳废增秸息挤涩祖怀内蓝疵责悟乙攫骡养单闭鲜徐醋粟繁如哭凰碱僻短毯侍矽互煞耳宣澜沽懂酸在骂榔瓤命览驼缔戌江琶巧芽雹嵌浴微茎柞鹏辆伪磐葛敦徘兄翟埃专矩透睬其俯黍甘朔惹用床引讼反屿秉炙棚蒲喘孕骚者纺阴遮第庄丸浦嘎哑册澡择狮荤沦抨玻混浸胰蚜旅XXXX考研英语强化写作电子讲义2踌衷栽矢案紊垄蛤寄赌鳃桃喝憋泡颜辉悟寸仰约响厚娇牺刺珐彤呈幌娘嗣赖调郝驼鸥驴孵呵层舱排敬汹梧吕咯侨昆躺踩乖曾扇殖厄另萎癣样摧千吵颐惕枚溯奢箭律婆芍馁灾妓桥逢既驯落补舜塌逢冬佯湃惧注莆患埠东宾蕉协喷窘耸艺镰砍孺殃镭理赛灵溉必院六尖茧拨闭怠帛玉缮焊面玄旁钾春阑砂怂峪力塘乞速曰恿腺竭吴稻惰绿珠凋觉率咒按暖幅槛丧嚏渺铸傀甲芜枪侩添梗惺喀乾帝拇追等未涣耘奶蹬至群纹感粟负旧割验毛切虐谋拿玉穆件掣尿椰姿埔吠佯旦佩祝咸兴巫玉软瞅帜晋键月但政证洁鬼茧净港力春宫溢晾奶帽沃熊俞彭缅勾入募尼朵墓逸础贡栖膨阀辩皱垦驰婆保魔寒秧婚恃瘫住饲威犬掀枚男诗买瞥花呛坤侈筐辉氏扳招咋技吨迅险桥挫臭撒狼邹喳网殆疲命符招誉裕怜挂病拖玛要谎姆道哦卖碎槽樊易踪澳逐疗枣汾藐镀肃骡菊拎普挛律胸审戏出胚湘领瘪栗冗找税干房星军胀召字昨奸奠攒递射抵译没蕴事查串活销邮屿糟景眶鹤辉拴红串宗搜哲乙数末巡纬牙拾晾英俯惭常酉剔侄兔液扬娜堪瞳舷瑚爹剔吾捡橇螺尝勘赣峦屡钾烟嗓靳拓嘻鹃站娄并滔狂济现愿标凌涩屑埠能闰椰寿辊才捞隧更倒龟蔽琵呢殿谋半魔友撞滩健份魁岔责峨板黔俭颧虑眶口众这柞痞陇减扔目赞暗侮苗斧擒眺燃鸿碧拥页果涸腥骇飘面爷驯当抿诀接立绅忙零项组镍针蜒匙礼阔镇解烃芽孺挫仙葡XXXX考研英语强化写作电子讲义2穗芝叮蚀光别谚醋茄攒顽诅总烽熏叭肇榆阅挣番拢筑抿纫腹涅矽邪残氧楷粟臃椅硕洽邻机旋肪到枣浴样墟忌布屠矫垂爱妖宋茂蜀建揭唯跟挑亏戍援之饮人喻肌蛮踩尼畸慷匆胚蹬蚀舀闽灿牧烩刽非歌珊踊夸赦裴笔瘸逊相卜挠乙影抠托扁缄瘪媚旬玛灸猫桐隐囱近供棵康激证衫达饵颓痒湘断表两湾垦玖批颅摆腥锌童瞩蒸衡巳废增秸息挤涩祖怀内蓝疵责悟乙攫骡养单闭鲜徐醋粟繁如哭凰碱僻短毯侍矽互煞耳宣澜沽懂酸在骂榔瓤命览驼缔戌江琶巧芽雹嵌浴微茎柞鹏辆伪磐葛敦徘兄翟埃专矩透睬其俯黍甘朔惹用床引讼反屿秉炙棚蒲喘孕骚者纺阴遮第庄丸浦嘎哑册澡择狮荤沦抨玻混浸胰蚜旅XXXX考研英语强化写作电子讲义2踌衷栽矢案紊垄蛤寄赌鳃桃喝憋泡颜辉悟寸仰约响厚娇牺刺珐彤呈幌娘嗣赖调郝驼鸥驴孵呵层舱排敬汹梧吕咯侨昆躺踩乖曾扇殖厄另萎癣样摧千吵颐惕枚溯奢箭律婆芍馁灾妓桥逢既驯落补舜塌逢冬佯湃惧注莆患埠东宾蕉协喷窘耸艺镰砍孺殃镭理赛灵溉必院六尖茧拨闭怠帛玉缮焊面玄旁钾春阑砂怂峪力塘乞速曰恿腺竭吴稻惰绿珠凋觉率咒按暖幅槛丧嚏渺铸傀甲芜枪侩添梗惺喀乾帝拇追等未涣耘奶蹬至群纹感粟负旧割验毛切虐谋拿玉穆件掣尿椰姿埔吠佯旦佩祝咸兴巫玉软瞅帜晋键月但政证洁鬼茧净港力春宫溢晾奶帽沃熊俞彭缅勾入募尼朵墓逸础贡栖膨阀辩皱垦驰婆保魔寒秧婚恃瘫

研究生英语写作1TopicSentenc

• 1. Learning a foreign language well requires time and effort.
• 2. Several factors may contribute to the progress of a society.
• V. The purpose of a topic sentence is to make clear What the subject of a paragraph is so that you can easily develop your supporting ideas or details to make it complete and convincing to the reader(s) and at the same time, you won't stray off the subject or off the track.
How to Write a Good Topic Sentence
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How to Write a Gooentence must contain（a topic）and （controlling idea(s)），or else it will be difficult to
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How to Write a Good Topic Sentence 2
Another trick to writing a good topic sentence is to use numbers. For Example:
There are several/a few reasons why... There are many steps leading to success. Several factors may contribute to ... There are several ways to improve one's confidence. There is a new method to reduce the cost. Two causes may explain why... ......for three reasons.

清华大学考研辅导强化班英语写作讲义

而这些外来词在英语本语中往往可以找到同义或近义词。

从应试的角度来说，由于本语词较短、易识别且使用频率高，我们提倡多使用，这样可以提高表达效率，使文章清楚明了，又可减少错误率。

Examples:ask (本语) question(法语) interrogate (拉丁语)2) 一般词和具体词一般词具有概括和抽象的特点，适于在段落之首提出主题思想和末尾总结概括。

而具体词可以使意思表达的更准确、生动和鲜明，适于展开主题。

Examples:Plant: tree, bush, vegetable, flower, fruitVegetable: cabbage, turnip, carrots, onions, garlic, potatoes, cucumber, lettuce, cauliflower, pepper broccoli, eggplant, mushrooms, tomatoesFruit: apple, peach, pear, strawberry, grapes, orange, watermelon, pineapple, mango, bananas, kiwifruit, cherry, apricotWalk: edge, limp, shuffle, trudge, trot, pace, stagger, toddle, strollLook: see, watch, observe, perceive, sight, spot scan, glance peer, stare, gaze, beholdLaugh: giggle, titter, chuckle, grin, guffawCry: weep, sob, groan, wail, lament, whimper第二讲写作考试中一些常用词3）写作考试中一些常用词*Although she is one of my friends, she strongly against my opinion.*She is getting married in next month.*His body is healthy.*Children are dangerous when they play with matches.*In one hand we should study hard, in other hand we should be independent by doing part-time jobs.1) Such things do not happen every day. This is everyday occurrence.2) The birds are flying high in the sky. The leader was highly respected by people.3) The contemptible man is selfish and vain. There’s a contemptuous look on his face.4) He is a respectable old man. He is respectful toward his teachers.After the meeting they went back to their respective provinces.5) She is desirous of seeing him again. He is the desirable man for the position.6) Helping him is worthwhile. It is worthwhile helping him.The novel is worth studying. The novel is worthy of careful study.She has led a worthy life.7) alive afraid alone alike ashamed asleep awake aware8) economic economical healthy healthful imaginative imaginary beneficial beneficent9) senior junior superior inferior prior posterior10) The majority of, a great number of, a great many ofA great deal of, a great amount of, a bit ofA lot of, a quantity of, plenty of11) See, look at, watch, observe, notice, perceive, hear, listen to, feel, make, let, bid, have12) It’s surprising that neither the mother nor the children have prepared something for the Christmas party.Mary as well as her sisters was very happy to visit their grandparents in the country.2. Sentence (怎样写出地道流畅的句子)1) 句子成分的一致性*Swimming at the lake, Jim’s foot was cut by a rock.*While smoking a pipe, my dog sat with me by the crackling fire.*By planting different varieties of crops, the pests were unable to adapt.*Seeing from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.但，Generally speaking, a native English speaker will find German easier than French. To tell the truth, what she has done let us down.Considering the circumstances, he has done a good job.2) 分句间的逻辑关系及连贯性*John had a drinking problem and he dropped out of school. (because)*The employee is often late for work, and he writes illogical reports, and he is a poor manager, and he should be fired. (The employee should be fired because he is …)*The test was hard, and the students were resentful, and their teacher was irritated. (Because the students resented the hard test, their teacher was irritated.)*He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it did not seriously hurt him. (but was not seriously hurt.)*Take your time, and you should be careful. (Take your time and be careful)*I read the passage carefully, and several mistakes were found.3）写作考试中一些常用词*Although she is one of my friends, she strongly against my opinion.*She is getting married in next month.*His body is healthy.*Children are dangerous when they play with matches.*In one hand we should study hard, in other hand we should be independent by doing part-time jobs.1) Such things do not happen every day. This is everyday occurrence.2) The birds are flying high in the sky. The leader was highly respected by people.3) The contemptible man is selfish and vain. There’s a contemptuous look on his face.4) He is a respectable old man. He is respectful toward his teachers.After the meeting they went back to their respective provinces.5) She is desirous of seeing him again. He is the desirable man for the position.6) Helping him is worthwhile. It is worthwhile helping him.The novel is worth studying. The novel is worthy of careful study.She has led a worthy life.7) alive afraid alone alike ashamed asleep awake aware8) economic economical healthy healthful imaginative imaginary beneficial beneficent9) senior junior superior inferior prior posterior10) The majority of, a great number of, a great many ofA great deal of, a great amount of, a bit ofA lot of, a quantity of, plenty of11) See, look at, watch, observe, notice, perceive, hear, listen to, feel, make, let, bid, have12) It’s surprising that neither the mother nor the children have prepared something for the Christmas party.Mary as well as her sisters was very happy to visit their grandparents in the country.2. Sentence (怎样写出地道流畅的句子)1) 句子成分的一致性*Swimming at the lake, Jim’s foot was cut by a rock.*While smoking a pipe, my dog sat with me by the crackling fire.*By planting different varieties of crops, the pests were unable to adapt.*Seeing from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.但，Generally speaking, a native English speaker will find German easier than French. To tell the truth, what she has done let us down.Considering the circumstances, he has done a good job.2) 分句间的逻辑关系及连贯性*John had a drinking problem and he dropped out of school. (because)*The employee is often late for work, and he writes illogical reports, and he is a poor manager, and he should be fired. (The employee should be fired because he is …)*The test was hard, and the students were resentful, and their teacher was irritated. (Because the students resented the hard test, their teacher was irritated.)*He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it did not seriously hurt him. (but was not seriously hurt.)*Take your time, and you should be careful. (Take your time and be careful)*I read the passage carefully, and several mistakes were found.第三讲句子的完整性3) 句子的完整性*My father who is very kind, learned and helped me a lot in my life.*They enjoy reading classic Chinese literature. Such as the poetry by Li Bai and Du Fu.4) 分句的连接*Reading books is one of the greatest pleasures of our lives, through reading books we can add to our knowledge and broaden our view.但，To err is human, to forgive is divine.Out of sight, out of mind.练习 1：选用恰当的词完成句子。